id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-11155	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	2	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	2	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	2	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-11155	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-11155	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	2	17	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	2	18	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	2	19	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	2	20	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	2	21	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	2	22	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	2	23	the	the	DET
easat-11155	2	24	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	2	25	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	2	26	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	2	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	2	28	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-11155	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	3	5	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-11155	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-11155	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	14	19	19	NUM
easat-11155	3	15	september	september	PROPN
easat-11155	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-11155	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	20	7	7	NUM
easat-11155	3	21	november	november	PROPN
easat-11155	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-11155	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	26	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	3	27	november	november	PROPN
easat-11155	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-11155	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	32	24	24	NUM
easat-11155	3	33	november	november	PROPN
easat-11155	3	34	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	3	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	36	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-11155	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	3	38	arlette1970@hotmail.com	arlette1970@hotmail.com	X
easat-11155	4	1	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	4	2	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	4	3	to	to	PART
easat-11155	4	4	beninese	beninese	VERB
easat-11155	4	5	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	4	6	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	4	7	'	'	PART
easat-11155	4	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-11155	4	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	4	10	a	a	DET
easat-11155	4	11	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	4	12	schoolbased	schoolbase	VERB
easat-11155	4	13	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	4	14	arlette	arlette	PROPN
easat-11155	4	15	joseline	joseline	PROPN
easat-11155	4	16	viviane	viviane	PROPN
easat-11155	4	17	hounhanou1	hounhanou1	PROPN
easat-11155	5	1	*	*	PUNCT
easat-11155	5	2	1english	1english	NUM
easat-11155	5	3	didactics	didactics	NOUN
easat-11155	5	4	uac	uac	NOUN
easat-11155	5	5	/	/	SYM
easat-11155	5	6	flash	flash	NOUN
easat-11155	5	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	5	8	adjarra	adjarra	NOUN
easat-11155	5	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	5	10	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	5	11	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	5	12	arlette1970@hotmail.com	arlette1970@hotmail.com	X
easat-11155	5	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	5	14	a.j.v.h	a.j.v.h	PROPN
easat-11155	5	15	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	5	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	5	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	1	abstract	abstract	ADV
easat-11155	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	3	this	this	DET
easat-11155	6	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	6	5	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
easat-11155	6	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	6	7	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	6	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	6	9	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	6	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	11	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	6	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	6	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	6	14	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	6	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	16	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	6	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	6	19	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	6	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	6	21	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	6	22	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	6	23	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-11155	6	24	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	6	25	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	6	26	english	english	NOUN
easat-11155	6	27	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	6	28	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	6	29	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	6	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	31	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	6	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	6	33	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	6	34	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	6	35	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	6	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	7	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	7	2	mixed	mix	VERB
easat-11155	7	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	7	4	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	7	5	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	7	6	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	7	7	employed	employ	VERB
easat-11155	7	8	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	7	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	7	10	porto	porto	NOUN
easat-11155	7	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	7	12	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	7	13	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	7	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	7	15	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	7	16	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	7	17	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	7	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	7	19	where	where	SCONJ
easat-11155	7	20	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	7	21	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	7	22	collected	collect	VERB
easat-11155	7	23	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	7	24	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	7	25	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	7	26	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	7	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	7	28	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	7	29	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	7	30	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	7	31	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	7	32	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-11155	7	33	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	7	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	7	35	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	7	36	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	7	37	across	across	ADP
easat-11155	7	38	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	7	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	7	40	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-11155	7	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	7	42	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	7	43	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-11155	7	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	8	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	8	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	8	3	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	8	4	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-11155	8	5	via	via	ADP
easat-11155	8	6	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-11155	8	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-11155	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	8	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	8	10	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	8	11	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	8	12	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	8	13	thematically	thematically	ADV
easat-11155	8	14	coded	code	VERB
easat-11155	8	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	9	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	9	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-11155	9	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-11155	9	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	9	5	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	9	6	face	face	VERB
easat-11155	9	7	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-11155	9	8	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-11155	9	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	9	10	including	include	VERB
easat-11155	9	11	a	a	DET
easat-11155	9	12	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	9	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	9	14	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	9	15	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	9	17	teachercentered	teachercentere	VERB
easat-11155	9	18	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-11155	9	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	9	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	9	21	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	9	22	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	9	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	9	24	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	9	25	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	9	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	9	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	10	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	10	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	10	3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	10	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	10	5	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	10	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	10	7	llas	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	10	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-11155	10	9	improved	improve	VERB
easat-11155	10	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	10	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	10	12	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	10	13	85	85	NUM
easat-11155	10	14	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	10	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	10	16	post	post	ADJ
easat-11155	10	17	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	10	18	test	test	ADJ
easat-11155	10	19	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-11155	10	20	=	=	SYM
easat-11155	11	1	261.67	261.67	NUM
easat-11155	11	2	vs.	vs.	ADP
easat-11155	11	3	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-11155	11	4	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	11	5	test	test	ADJ
easat-11155	11	6	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-11155	11	7	=	=	SYM
easat-11155	11	8	203.33	203.33	NUM
easat-11155	11	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	11	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	11	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	11	12	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	11	13	fluency	fluency	NOUN
easat-11155	11	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	11	15	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-11155	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	11	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	11	18	task	task	NOUN
easat-11155	11	19	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	11	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	11	21	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-11155	11	22	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-11155	11	23	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	11	24	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-11155	11	25	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	11	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	11	27	gamification	gamification	NOUN
easat-11155	11	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	12	1	however	however	ADV
easat-11155	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	12	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	12	4	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	12	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-11155	12	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-11155	12	7	include	include	VERB
easat-11155	12	8	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-11155	12	9	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-11155	12	10	access	access	NOUN
easat-11155	12	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	12	12	uncontextualized	uncontextualized	ADJ
easat-11155	12	13	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	12	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	12	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	12	17	'	'	PART
easat-11155	12	18	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	12	19	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-11155	12	20	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-11155	12	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	13	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	13	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	13	3	concludes	conclude	VERB
easat-11155	13	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	13	5	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-11155	13	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	13	7	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	13	8	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	13	9	powerful	powerful	ADJ
easat-11155	13	10	supplements	supplement	NOUN
easat-11155	13	11	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	13	12	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	13	13	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	13	14	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	13	15	when	when	SCONJ
easat-11155	13	16	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	13	17	thoughtfully	thoughtfully	ADV
easat-11155	13	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	13	19	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	13	20	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-11155	13	21	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-11155	13	22	recommending	recommend	VERB
easat-11155	13	23	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-11155	13	24	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-11155	13	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	13	26	offline	offline	ADJ
easat-11155	13	27	app	app	PROPN
easat-11155	13	28	features	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	13	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	13	30	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	13	31	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	13	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	13	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	13	34	contextualized	contextualized	ADJ
easat-11155	13	35	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	13	36	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	13	37	to	to	PART
easat-11155	13	38	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	13	39	equitable	equitable	ADJ
easat-11155	13	40	access	access	NOUN
easat-11155	13	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	13	42	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-11155	13	43	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-11155	13	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	14	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-11155	14	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	14	3	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	14	4	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	14	6	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	14	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	14	8	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	14	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	14	10	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	14	11	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	14	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	15	1	1	1	X
easat-11155	15	2	.	.	X
easat-11155	15	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-11155	15	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	15	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-11155	15	6	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-11155	15	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	15	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	15	9	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	15	10	necessitates	necessitate	VERB
easat-11155	15	11	changes	change	NOUN
easat-11155	15	12	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	15	13	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	15	14	programs	program	NOUN
easat-11155	15	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	15	16	aligning	align	VERB
easat-11155	15	17	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	15	18	the	the	DET
easat-11155	15	19	global	global	ADJ
easat-11155	15	20	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-11155	15	21	towards	towards	ADP
easat-11155	15	22	modernization	modernization	NOUN
easat-11155	15	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	15	24	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-11155	15	25	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	15	26	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	16	1	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	16	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	16	3	cutting	cutting	NOUN
easat-11155	16	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	16	5	edge	edge	NOUN
easat-11155	16	6	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	16	7	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	16	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	16	9	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	16	10	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-11155	16	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	16	12	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-11155	16	13	across	across	ADP
easat-11155	16	14	several	several	ADJ
easat-11155	16	15	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-11155	16	16	have	have	AUX
easat-11155	16	17	reformed	reform	VERB
easat-11155	16	18	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	16	19	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-11155	16	20	to	to	PART
easat-11155	16	21	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-11155	16	22	the	the	DET
easat-11155	16	23	latest	late	ADJ
easat-11155	16	24	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	16	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	16	26	aiming	aim	VERB
easat-11155	16	27	to	to	PART
easat-11155	16	28	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	16	29	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	16	30	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	16	31	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	16	32	without	without	ADP
easat-11155	16	33	adding	add	VERB
easat-11155	16	34	undue	undue	ADJ
easat-11155	16	35	burdens	burden	NOUN
easat-11155	16	36	[	[	X
easat-11155	16	37	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	16	38	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	16	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	1	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	17	2	this	this	DET
easat-11155	17	3	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	17	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	5	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	17	6	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	17	7	has	have	AUX
easat-11155	17	8	generated	generate	VERB
easat-11155	17	9	a	a	DET
easat-11155	17	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	17	12	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-11155	17	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	15	moving	move	VERB
easat-11155	17	16	away	away	ADV
easat-11155	17	17	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	17	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	17	19	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	17	20	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	17	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	22	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	17	23	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	17	24	blackboards	blackboard	NOUN
easat-11155	17	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	17	26	projectors	projector	NOUN
easat-11155	17	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	28	to	to	PART
easat-11155	17	29	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-11155	17	30	computers	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	17	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	32	smartphones	smartphone	NOUN
easat-11155	17	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	17	35	other	other	ADJ
easat-11155	17	36	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-11155	17	37	devices	device	NOUN
easat-11155	17	38	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	17	39	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	17	40	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-11155	17	41	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	17	42	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	18	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	18	2	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	18	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	18	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	19	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	19	2	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-11155	19	3	exposes	expose	VERB
easat-11155	19	4	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	19	5	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	19	6	a	a	DET
easat-11155	19	7	diversity	diversity	NOUN
easat-11155	19	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	19	9	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	19	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	19	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	19	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	19	13	media	medium	NOUN
easat-11155	19	14	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	19	16	nurturing	nurture	VERB
easat-11155	19	17	inquisitiveness	inquisitiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	19	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	19	19	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	19	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	19	21	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	19	22	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	19	23	game	game	NOUN
easat-11155	19	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	19	25	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-11155	19	26	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	19	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	20	1	unfortunately	unfortunately	ADV
easat-11155	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	20	3	the	the	DET
easat-11155	20	4	beninese	beninese	ADJ
easat-11155	20	5	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	20	6	system	system	NOUN
easat-11155	20	7	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	20	8	still	still	ADV
easat-11155	20	9	lagging	lag	VERB
easat-11155	20	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	21	1	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	21	2	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	21	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	21	4	porto	porto	PROPN
easat-11155	21	5	novo	novo	PROPN
easat-11155	21	6	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	21	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	21	8	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	21	9	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	21	10	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	21	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	21	12	ltp	ltp	NOUN
easat-11155	21	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	21	14	pn	pn	NOUN
easat-11155	21	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	21	16	typically	typically	ADV
easat-11155	21	17	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-11155	21	18	low	low	ADJ
easat-11155	21	19	levels	level	NOUN
easat-11155	21	20	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	21	21	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	21	22	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	21	23	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-11155	21	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	22	2	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	22	3	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	22	4	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-11155	22	5	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	22	6	several	several	ADJ
easat-11155	22	7	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-11155	22	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	9	including	include	VERB
easat-11155	22	10	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
easat-11155	22	11	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	22	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	22	13	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	22	14	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	22	15	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	22	16	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	22	17	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	22	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	19	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	22	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	21	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	22	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	23	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-11155	22	24	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	22	25	making	make	VERB
easat-11155	22	26	mistakes	mistake	NOUN
easat-11155	22	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	28	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-11155	22	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	22	30	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	22	31	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-11155	22	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	22	34	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-11155	22	35	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	22	36	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-11155	22	37	[	[	X
easat-11155	22	38	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	22	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	40	4	4	NUM
easat-11155	22	41	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	22	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	23	1	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	23	2	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	23	3	help	help	VERB
easat-11155	23	4	overcome	overcome	VERB
easat-11155	23	5	these	these	DET
easat-11155	23	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	23	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	23	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	23	9	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	23	10	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-11155	23	11	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	23	12	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-11155	23	13	administrative	administrative	ADJ
easat-11155	23	14	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-11155	23	15	[	[	X
easat-11155	23	16	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	23	17	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	23	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	24	1	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-11155	24	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	24	3	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	24	4	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	24	5	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	24	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	24	7	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	24	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	24	9	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	24	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	24	11	have	have	AUX
easat-11155	24	12	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-11155	24	13	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	24	14	powerful	powerful	ADJ
easat-11155	24	15	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	24	16	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	24	17	addressing	address	VERB
easat-11155	24	18	these	these	DET
easat-11155	24	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	24	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	25	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	25	2	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	25	3	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-11155	25	4	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	25	5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	25	6	to	to	PART
easat-11155	25	7	offer	offer	VERB
easat-11155	25	8	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-11155	25	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	25	10	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	25	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	25	12	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-11155	25	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	25	14	paths	path	NOUN
easat-11155	25	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	25	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	25	17	instant	instant	ADJ
easat-11155	25	18	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	25	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	25	20	thus	thus	ADV
easat-11155	25	21	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	25	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	25	23	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-11155	25	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	25	25	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	25	26	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	25	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	26	1	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	26	2	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	26	3	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-11155	26	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	26	5	'	'	PART
easat-11155	26	6	strengths	strength	NOUN
easat-11155	26	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	26	8	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
easat-11155	26	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	26	10	tailoring	tailor	VERB
easat-11155	26	11	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-11155	26	12	to	to	PART
easat-11155	26	13	address	address	VERB
easat-11155	26	14	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-11155	26	15	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	26	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	26	17	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-11155	26	18	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-11155	26	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	26	20	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	26	21	[	[	X
easat-11155	26	22	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	26	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	26	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	27	1	1304	1304	NUM
easat-11155	27	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	27	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	27	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	27	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	27	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	27	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	27	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	27	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	27	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	27	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	27	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	27	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	28	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	28	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	28	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	28	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	28	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	28	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	28	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	28	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	28	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	28	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	28	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	28	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	28	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	28	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	28	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	28	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	28	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	28	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	28	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	28	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	28	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	28	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	28	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	28	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	28	26	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	28	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	28	28	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-11155	28	29	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-11155	28	30	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	28	31	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	28	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	28	33	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	28	34	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	28	35	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-11155	28	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	28	37	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	28	38	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-11155	28	39	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	28	40	the	the	DET
easat-11155	28	41	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	28	42	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	28	43	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	28	44	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	28	45	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	28	46	requires	require	VERB
easat-11155	28	47	further	further	ADJ
easat-11155	28	48	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-11155	28	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	29	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	29	3	aims	aim	VERB
easat-11155	29	4	to	to	PART
easat-11155	29	5	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-11155	29	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	7	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	29	8	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-11155	29	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-11155	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	29	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	29	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	29	14	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	29	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	16	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	29	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	29	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	29	19	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	29	20	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
easat-11155	29	21	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-11155	29	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	23	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
easat-11155	29	24	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-11155	29	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	26	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	29	27	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-11155	29	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	29	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	29	30	the	the	DET
easat-11155	29	31	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-11155	29	32	to	to	PART
easat-11155	29	33	handle	handle	VERB
easat-11155	29	34	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-11155	29	35	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-11155	29	36	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-11155	29	37	typical	typical	ADJ
easat-11155	29	38	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	29	39	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	29	40	roles	role	NOUN
easat-11155	29	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	30	1	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	30	2	examining	examine	VERB
easat-11155	30	3	these	these	DET
easat-11155	30	4	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-11155	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	30	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	30	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	30	8	seeks	seek	VERB
easat-11155	30	9	to	to	PART
easat-11155	30	10	provide	provide	VERB
easat-11155	30	11	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-11155	30	12	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	30	13	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	30	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	30	15	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	30	16	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	30	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	30	18	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	30	19	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	30	20	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	30	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	30	22	informing	inform	VERB
easat-11155	30	23	the	the	DET
easat-11155	30	24	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	30	25	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	30	26	more	more	ADV
easat-11155	30	27	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-11155	30	28	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	30	29	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	30	30	programs	program	NOUN
easat-11155	30	31	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	30	32	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	30	33	roles	role	NOUN
easat-11155	30	34	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	30	35	various	various	ADJ
easat-11155	30	36	organizational	organizational	ADJ
easat-11155	30	37	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-11155	30	38	[	[	X
easat-11155	30	39	7	7	NUM
easat-11155	30	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	30	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	31	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	31	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	31	3	will	will	AUX
easat-11155	31	4	explore	explore	VERB
easat-11155	31	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	31	6	following	follow	VERB
easat-11155	31	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	31	8	questions	question	NOUN
easat-11155	31	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	31	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	31	11	1	1	X
easat-11155	31	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	31	13	what	what	PRON
easat-11155	31	14	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	31	15	the	the	DET
easat-11155	31	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	31	17	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	31	18	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	31	19	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	31	20	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	31	21	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	31	22	developing	develop	VERB
easat-11155	31	23	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	31	24	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	31	25	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	31	26	?	?	PUNCT
easat-11155	32	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	32	2	2	2	X
easat-11155	32	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	32	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-11155	32	5	do	do	AUX
easat-11155	32	6	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	32	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	32	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	32	9	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	32	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	32	11	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	32	12	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-11155	32	13	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	32	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	32	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	32	16	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	32	17	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	32	18	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	32	19	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	32	20	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	32	21	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	32	22	?	?	PUNCT
easat-11155	33	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	33	2	3	3	X
easat-11155	33	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	33	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-11155	33	5	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	33	6	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	33	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	33	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	33	9	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	33	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	33	11	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	33	12	be	be	AUX
easat-11155	33	13	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	33	14	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	33	15	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	33	16	courses	course	NOUN
easat-11155	33	17	to	to	PART
easat-11155	33	18	address	address	VERB
easat-11155	33	19	existing	exist	VERB
easat-11155	33	20	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	33	21	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-11155	33	22	?	?	PUNCT
easat-11155	34	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	34	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	34	3	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	34	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-11155	34	5	as	as	SCONJ
easat-11155	34	6	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	34	7	explores	explore	VERB
easat-11155	34	8	how	how	SCONJ
easat-11155	34	9	ai	ai	AUX
easat-11155	34	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	34	11	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	34	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	34	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	34	14	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	34	15	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	34	16	address	address	VERB
easat-11155	34	17	the	the	DET
easat-11155	34	18	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-11155	34	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	34	20	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	34	21	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	34	22	face	face	VERB
easat-11155	34	23	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	34	24	developing	develop	VERB
easat-11155	34	25	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	34	26	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	34	27	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	34	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	35	1	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	35	2	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	35	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
easat-11155	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	35	5	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
easat-11155	35	6	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-11155	35	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	35	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	35	9	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	35	10	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-11155	35	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	35	12	these	these	DET
easat-11155	35	13	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	35	14	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	35	15	modernize	modernize	VERB
easat-11155	35	16	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	35	17	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	35	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	35	19	better	well	ADJ
easat-11155	35	20	prepare	prepare	VERB
easat-11155	35	21	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	35	22	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	35	23	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	35	24	roles	role	NOUN
easat-11155	35	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	36	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-11155	36	3	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	36	4	structured	structure	VERB
easat-11155	36	5	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	36	6	six	six	NUM
easat-11155	36	7	sections	section	NOUN
easat-11155	36	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	9	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-11155	36	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	11	literature	literature	PROPN
easat-11155	36	12	review	review	PROPN
easat-11155	36	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	14	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-11155	36	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	16	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	36	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	18	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-11155	36	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	36	21	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-11155	36	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	36	23	each	each	PRON
easat-11155	36	24	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-11155	36	25	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	36	26	a	a	DET
easat-11155	36	27	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-11155	36	28	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-11155	36	29	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	36	30	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-11155	36	31	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	36	32	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	36	33	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	36	34	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	36	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	37	1	2	2	X
easat-11155	37	2	.	.	X
easat-11155	37	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-11155	37	4	review	review	VERB
easat-11155	37	5	this	this	DET
easat-11155	37	6	section	section	NOUN
easat-11155	37	7	explores	explore	VERB
easat-11155	37	8	key	key	ADJ
easat-11155	37	9	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-11155	37	10	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	37	11	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	37	12	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	37	13	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	37	14	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	37	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	37	16	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	37	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	37	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	37	19	the	the	DET
easat-11155	37	20	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	37	21	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	37	22	developing	develop	VERB
easat-11155	37	23	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	37	24	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	37	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	37	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	37	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	37	28	growing	grow	VERB
easat-11155	37	29	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	37	30	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	37	31	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	37	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	37	33	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	37	34	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	37	35	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	37	36	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	37	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	38	1	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	38	2	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	38	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-11155	38	4	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	38	5	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-11155	38	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	38	7	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-11155	38	8	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	38	9	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	38	10	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	38	11	studies	study	NOUN
easat-11155	38	12	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	38	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	38	14	beninese	beninese	NOUN
easat-11155	38	15	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	38	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-11155	39	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	3	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	39	4	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	39	5	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	39	6	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	39	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	8	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	39	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	10	english	english	NOUN
easat-11155	39	11	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	39	12	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	39	13	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	39	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	15	esp	esp	ADV
easat-11155	39	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	17	has	have	AUX
easat-11155	39	18	evolved	evolve	VERB
easat-11155	39	19	to	to	PART
easat-11155	39	20	meet	meet	VERB
easat-11155	39	21	the	the	DET
easat-11155	39	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	39	23	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	39	24	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	39	25	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	39	26	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	39	27	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-11155	39	28	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-11155	39	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	39	30	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	39	31	domains	domain	NOUN
easat-11155	39	32	[	[	X
easat-11155	39	33	8	8	NUM
easat-11155	39	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	39	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	40	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	40	2	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-11155	40	3	element	element	NOUN
easat-11155	40	4	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	40	5	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	40	6	course	course	NOUN
easat-11155	40	7	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	40	8	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	40	9	‘	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	40	10	needs	need	VERB
easat-11155	40	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	40	12	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	40	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	40	14	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	40	15	identifies	identify	VERB
easat-11155	40	16	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	40	17	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	40	18	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-11155	40	19	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-11155	40	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	40	21	informs	inform	VERB
easat-11155	40	22	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-11155	40	23	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-11155	40	24	[	[	X
easat-11155	40	25	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	40	26	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	40	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	41	1	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	41	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	41	3	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	41	4	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	41	5	ensures	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	41	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	41	7	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	41	8	aligns	align	VERB
easat-11155	41	9	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	41	10	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	41	11	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-11155	41	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	42	1	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	42	2	a	a	DET
easat-11155	42	3	globalized	globalized	ADJ
easat-11155	42	4	world	world	NOUN
easat-11155	42	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	42	6	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	42	7	curricula	curricula	PROPN
easat-11155	42	8	must	must	AUX
easat-11155	42	9	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	42	10	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-11155	42	11	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	42	12	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	42	13	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
easat-11155	42	14	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-11155	42	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	42	16	occupational	occupational	ADJ
easat-11155	42	17	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-11155	42	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	43	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-11155	43	2	a	a	DET
easat-11155	43	3	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-11155	43	4	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	43	5	workplace	workplace	NOUN
easat-11155	43	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	43	7	higher	high	ADJ
easat-11155	43	8	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	43	9	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-11155	43	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	43	11	there	there	PRON
easat-11155	43	12	is	be	VERB
easat-11155	43	13	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-11155	43	14	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	43	15	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	43	16	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	43	17	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	43	18	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	43	19	[	[	X
easat-11155	43	20	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	43	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	43	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	44	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	44	2	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	44	3	rely	rely	VERB
easat-11155	44	4	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	44	5	past	past	ADJ
easat-11155	44	6	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	44	7	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	44	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-11155	44	9	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-11155	44	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	44	11	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-11155	44	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	44	13	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-11155	44	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	44	15	informed	informed	ADJ
easat-11155	44	16	needs	need	VERB
easat-11155	44	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	44	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	45	1	transitioning	transition	VERB
easat-11155	45	2	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	45	3	general	general	ADJ
easat-11155	45	4	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	45	5	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	45	6	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	45	7	requires	require	VERB
easat-11155	45	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	45	9	to	to	PART
easat-11155	45	10	master	master	VERB
easat-11155	45	11	key	key	ADJ
easat-11155	45	12	terminology	terminology	NOUN
easat-11155	45	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	45	14	genre	genre	NOUN
easat-11155	45	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	45	16	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	45	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	45	18	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	45	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	46	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	46	2	existing	exist	VERB
easat-11155	46	3	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	46	4	coursebooks	coursebook	NOUN
easat-11155	46	5	may	may	AUX
easat-11155	46	6	offer	offer	VERB
easat-11155	46	7	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-11155	46	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	46	9	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	46	10	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	46	11	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-11155	46	12	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-11155	46	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	46	14	misaligned	misalign	VERB
easat-11155	46	15	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	46	16	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	46	17	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	46	18	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-11155	46	19	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	46	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	47	1	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	47	3	current	current	ADJ
easat-11155	47	4	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	47	5	should	should	AUX
easat-11155	47	6	be	be	AUX
easat-11155	47	7	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	47	8	to	to	PART
easat-11155	47	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	47	10	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	47	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	47	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	48	1	even	even	ADV
easat-11155	48	2	without	without	ADP
easat-11155	48	3	domain	domain	NOUN
easat-11155	48	4	expertise	expertise	NOUN
easat-11155	48	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	48	6	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	48	7	instructors	instructor	NOUN
easat-11155	48	8	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	48	9	leverage	leverage	VERB
easat-11155	48	10	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	48	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	48	12	world	world	NOUN
easat-11155	48	13	examples	example	NOUN
easat-11155	48	14	to	to	PART
easat-11155	48	15	boost	boost	VERB
easat-11155	48	16	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	48	17	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	48	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	49	1	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	49	2	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	49	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	49	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	49	5	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	49	6	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	49	7	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	49	8	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-11155	49	9	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	49	10	further	far	ADV
easat-11155	49	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	49	12	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	49	13	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	49	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	50	1	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	50	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-11155	50	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	50	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	50	5	has	have	AUX
easat-11155	50	6	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-11155	50	7	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	50	8	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
easat-11155	50	9	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-11155	50	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	50	11	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
easat-11155	50	12	like	like	ADP
easat-11155	50	13	medicine	medicine	NOUN
easat-11155	50	14	[	[	X
easat-11155	50	15	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	50	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	50	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	50	18	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	50	19	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	51	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	51	2	12	12	NUM
easat-11155	51	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	51	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	51	5	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-11155	51	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	51	7	to	to	PART
easat-11155	51	8	tailor	tailor	VERB
easat-11155	51	9	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-11155	51	10	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
easat-11155	51	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	52	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-11155	52	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	52	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	52	4	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	52	5	developing	develop	VERB
easat-11155	52	6	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	52	7	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	52	8	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	52	9	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	52	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	52	11	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	52	12	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	52	13	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	52	14	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	52	15	presents	present	VERB
easat-11155	52	16	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-11155	52	17	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	52	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	52	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	52	20	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	52	21	under	under	ADV
easat-11155	52	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	52	23	resourced	resource	VERB
easat-11155	52	24	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-11155	52	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	53	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	53	2	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	53	3	lack	lack	VERB
easat-11155	53	4	adequate	adequate	ADJ
easat-11155	53	5	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	53	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	53	7	face	face	VERB
easat-11155	53	8	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-11155	53	9	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-11155	53	10	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	53	11	to	to	PART
easat-11155	53	12	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
easat-11155	53	13	evolving	evolve	VERB
easat-11155	53	14	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-11155	53	15	fields	field	NOUN
easat-11155	53	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	54	1	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	54	2	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-11155	54	3	express	express	VERB
easat-11155	54	4	low	low	ADJ
easat-11155	54	5	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	54	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	54	7	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	54	8	due	due	ADP
easat-11155	54	9	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	54	10	a	a	DET
easat-11155	54	11	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-11155	54	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-11155	54	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	54	14	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	54	15	’s	’s	PART
easat-11155	54	16	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-11155	54	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	55	1	dou	dou	X
easat-11155	56	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	56	2	13	13	NUM
easat-11155	56	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	56	4	notes	note	VERB
easat-11155	56	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	56	6	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	56	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	56	8	must	must	AUX
easat-11155	56	9	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	56	10	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-11155	56	11	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	56	12	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	56	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	56	14	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-11155	56	15	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	56	16	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-11155	56	17	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	56	18	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-11155	56	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	56	20	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-11155	56	21	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-11155	56	22	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-11155	56	23	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	56	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	56	25	targeted	target	VERB
easat-11155	56	26	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	56	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	57	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	57	2	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	57	3	thus	thus	ADV
easat-11155	57	4	tasked	task	VERB
easat-11155	57	5	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	57	6	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-11155	57	7	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	57	8	'	'	PART
easat-11155	57	9	appreciation	appreciation	NOUN
easat-11155	57	10	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	57	11	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	57	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	57	13	supporting	support	VERB
easat-11155	57	14	selfawareness	selfawareness	NOUN
easat-11155	57	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-11155	58	2	panadero	panadero	NOUN
easat-11155	58	3	[	[	X
easat-11155	58	4	14	14	NUM
easat-11155	58	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	6	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-11155	58	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	8	instructors	instructor	NOUN
easat-11155	58	9	help	help	VERB
easat-11155	58	10	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	58	11	identify	identify	VERB
easat-11155	58	12	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	58	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	58	14	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-11155	58	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	16	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
easat-11155	58	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	58	19	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-11155	58	20	grammar	grammar	NOUN
easat-11155	58	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	23	develop	develop	VERB
easat-11155	58	24	data	data	NOUN
easat-11155	58	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	26	informed	inform	VERB
easat-11155	58	27	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	58	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	29	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-11155	58	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	58	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	32	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
easat-11155	58	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	34	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	58	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	36	correction	correction	NOUN
easat-11155	58	37	1305	1305	NUM
easat-11155	58	38	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	58	39	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	58	40	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	58	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	58	42	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	58	43	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	58	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	58	45	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	58	46	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	58	47	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	58	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	58	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	59	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	59	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	59	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	59	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	59	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	59	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	59	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	59	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	59	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	59	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	59	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	59	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	59	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	59	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	59	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	59	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	59	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	59	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	59	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	59	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	59	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	59	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	59	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	59	24	learning	learning	PROPN
easat-11155	59	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-11155	59	26	protocols	protocol	NOUN
easat-11155	59	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	59	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	59	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	59	30	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	59	31	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-11155	59	32	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	59	33	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-11155	59	34	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	59	35	reflective	reflective	ADJ
easat-11155	59	36	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	59	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	60	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
easat-11155	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	60	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-11155	60	4	customization	customization	NOUN
easat-11155	60	5	becomes	become	VERB
easat-11155	60	6	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-11155	60	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	61	1	asrifan	asrifan	NOUN
easat-11155	61	2	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	61	3	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	61	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	62	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	62	2	15	15	NUM
easat-11155	62	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	62	4	argue	argue	VERB
easat-11155	62	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	62	6	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-11155	62	7	must	must	AUX
easat-11155	62	8	directly	directly	ADV
easat-11155	62	9	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-11155	62	10	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	62	11	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	62	12	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	62	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	62	14	world	world	NOUN
easat-11155	62	15	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	62	16	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-11155	62	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	62	18	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	62	19	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-11155	62	20	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	62	21	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	62	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	62	23	driven	drive	VERB
easat-11155	62	24	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-11155	62	25	to	to	PART
easat-11155	62	26	align	align	VERB
easat-11155	62	27	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	62	28	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	62	29	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-11155	62	30	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	62	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	62	32	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	62	33	target	target	NOUN
easat-11155	62	34	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-11155	62	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	63	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	63	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-11155	63	3	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	63	4	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	63	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	63	6	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN
easat-11155	63	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	63	8	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-11155	63	9	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	63	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	63	11	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	63	12	impedes	impede	VERB
easat-11155	63	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	63	14	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-11155	63	15	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	63	16	fieldspecific	fieldspecific	ADJ
easat-11155	63	17	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-11155	63	18	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	63	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	63	20	exposes	expose	VERB
easat-11155	63	21	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	63	22	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	63	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	63	24	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	63	25	comprehending	comprehending	ADJ
easat-11155	63	26	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	63	27	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-11155	63	28	[	[	X
easat-11155	63	29	16	16	NUM
easat-11155	63	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	63	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	64	1	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	64	2	nekrasova	nekrasova	NOUN
easat-11155	64	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	64	4	beker	beker	NOUN
easat-11155	64	5	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	64	6	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	64	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	65	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	65	2	17	17	NUM
easat-11155	65	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	65	4	explain	explain	VERB
easat-11155	65	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	65	6	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	65	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	65	8	must	must	AUX
easat-11155	65	9	stay	stay	VERB
easat-11155	65	10	informed	informed	ADJ
easat-11155	65	11	about	about	ADP
easat-11155	65	12	evolving	evolve	VERB
easat-11155	65	13	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
easat-11155	65	14	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-11155	65	15	to	to	PART
easat-11155	65	16	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-11155	65	17	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-11155	65	18	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-11155	65	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	65	20	align	align	VERB
easat-11155	65	21	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	65	22	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	65	23	'	'	PART
easat-11155	65	24	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-11155	65	25	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	65	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-11155	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	3	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	66	4	remains	remain	VERB
easat-11155	66	5	challenging	challenge	VERB
easat-11155	66	6	due	due	ADJ
easat-11155	66	7	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	66	8	the	the	DET
easat-11155	66	9	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-11155	66	10	interplay	interplay	NOUN
easat-11155	66	11	between	between	ADP
easat-11155	66	12	general	general	ADJ
easat-11155	66	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	66	14	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	66	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	66	16	domain	domain	NOUN
easat-11155	66	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	18	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	66	19	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	66	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	21	compounded	compound	VERB
easat-11155	66	22	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	66	23	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	66	24	like	like	ADP
easat-11155	66	25	washback	washback	NOUN
easat-11155	66	26	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-11155	66	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	66	28	the	the	DET
easat-11155	66	29	need	need	NOUN
easat-11155	66	30	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	66	31	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	66	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	33	task	task	NOUN
easat-11155	66	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	35	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	66	36	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	66	37	[	[	X
easat-11155	66	38	18	18	NUM
easat-11155	66	39	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	66	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	67	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	67	2	hurdles	hurdle	NOUN
easat-11155	67	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
easat-11155	67	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	67	5	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-11155	67	6	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	67	7	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-11155	67	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	67	9	learningoriented	learningoriente	VERB
easat-11155	67	10	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	67	11	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	67	12	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-11155	67	13	functional	functional	ADJ
easat-11155	67	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	67	15	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	67	16	over	over	ADP
easat-11155	67	17	rote	rote	ADJ
easat-11155	67	18	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-11155	67	19	[	[	X
easat-11155	67	20	19	19	NUM
easat-11155	67	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	67	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	68	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-11155	68	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	68	3	ai	ai	AUX
easat-11155	68	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	68	5	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	68	6	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	68	7	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	68	8	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	68	9	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	68	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	68	11	powered	power	VERB
easat-11155	68	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	68	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	68	14	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	68	15	have	have	AUX
easat-11155	68	16	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-11155	68	17	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	68	18	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-11155	68	19	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	68	20	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	68	21	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-11155	68	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	68	23	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-11155	68	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	68	25	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	68	26	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	68	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	69	1	warschauer	warschauer	NOUN
easat-11155	69	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	69	3	xu	xu	PROPN
easat-11155	70	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	70	2	20	20	NUM
easat-11155	70	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	70	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	70	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	70	6	these	these	DET
easat-11155	70	7	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	70	8	simulate	simulate	VERB
easat-11155	70	9	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	70	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	70	11	life	life	NOUN
easat-11155	70	12	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	70	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	70	14	generate	generate	VERB
easat-11155	70	15	tailored	tailored	ADJ
easat-11155	70	16	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	70	17	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	70	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	70	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	70	20	provide	provide	VERB
easat-11155	70	21	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	70	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	70	23	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	70	24	time	time	NOUN
easat-11155	70	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	71	1	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-11155	71	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	71	3	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	71	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
easat-11155	71	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	71	6	babbel	babbel	NOUN
easat-11155	71	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	71	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	71	9	rosetta	rosetta	NOUN
easat-11155	71	10	stone	stone	NOUN
easat-11155	71	11	use	use	VERB
easat-11155	71	12	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-11155	71	13	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-11155	71	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	71	15	gamification	gamification	NOUN
easat-11155	71	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	71	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	71	18	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-11155	71	19	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	71	20	to	to	PART
easat-11155	71	21	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	71	22	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	71	23	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	71	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	71	25	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-11155	71	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	72	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	72	2	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	72	3	support	support	VERB
easat-11155	72	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	72	5	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-11155	72	6	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	72	7	spaced	spaced	ADJ
easat-11155	72	8	repetition	repetition	NOUN
easat-11155	72	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	72	10	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-11155	72	11	tracking	tracking	NOUN
easat-11155	72	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	72	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	72	14	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	72	15	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
easat-11155	72	16	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	72	17	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	72	18	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	72	19	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	72	20	features	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	72	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	72	22	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	72	23	useful	useful	ADJ
easat-11155	72	24	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	72	25	low	low	ADJ
easat-11155	72	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	72	27	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-11155	72	28	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-11155	72	29	where	where	SCONJ
easat-11155	72	30	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	72	31	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-11155	72	32	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	72	33	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-11155	72	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	73	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-11155	73	2	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	73	3	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-11155	73	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	73	5	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	73	6	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	73	7	present	present	ADJ
easat-11155	73	8	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-11155	73	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	74	1	most	most	ADV
easat-11155	74	2	notably	notably	ADV
easat-11155	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	74	4	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	74	5	lack	lack	VERB
easat-11155	74	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	74	7	interpersonal	interpersonal	ADJ
easat-11155	74	8	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-11155	74	9	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	74	10	human	human	ADJ
easat-11155	74	11	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	74	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	74	13	including	include	VERB
easat-11155	74	14	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-11155	74	15	nuance	nuance	NOUN
easat-11155	74	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	74	17	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-11155	74	18	expression	expression	NOUN
easat-11155	74	19	[	[	X
easat-11155	74	20	21	21	NUM
easat-11155	74	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	74	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	75	1	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	75	2	risk	risk	VERB
easat-11155	75	3	over	over	ADP
easat-11155	75	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	75	5	reliance	reliance	NOUN
easat-11155	75	6	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	75	7	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-11155	75	8	input	input	NOUN
easat-11155	75	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	75	10	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-11155	75	11	weakening	weaken	VERB
easat-11155	75	12	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	75	13	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-11155	75	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	75	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-11155	75	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	75	17	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	75	18	[	[	X
easat-11155	75	19	22	22	NUM
easat-11155	75	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	75	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	76	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	76	2	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	76	3	divide	divide	NOUN
easat-11155	76	4	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	76	5	persists	persist	VERB
easat-11155	76	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	76	7	excluding	exclude	VERB
easat-11155	76	8	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	76	9	without	without	ADP
easat-11155	76	10	adequate	adequate	ADJ
easat-11155	76	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	76	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	76	13	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-11155	76	14	access	access	NOUN
easat-11155	76	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	77	1	privacy	privacy	NOUN
easat-11155	77	2	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-11155	77	3	around	around	ADP
easat-11155	77	4	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	77	5	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-11155	77	6	remain	remain	VERB
easat-11155	77	7	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ
easat-11155	77	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	78	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
easat-11155	78	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	78	3	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-11155	78	4	to	to	PART
easat-11155	78	5	beninese	beninese	VERB
easat-11155	78	6	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	78	7	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	78	8	beninese	beninese	NOUN
easat-11155	78	9	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	78	10	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	78	11	require	require	VERB
easat-11155	78	12	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ
easat-11155	78	13	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-11155	78	14	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	78	15	global	global	ADJ
easat-11155	78	16	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	78	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	79	1	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	79	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	79	3	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	79	4	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	79	5	offer	offer	VERB
easat-11155	79	6	an	an	DET
easat-11155	79	7	affordable	affordable	ADJ
easat-11155	79	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	79	9	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-11155	79	10	supplement	supplement	NOUN
easat-11155	79	11	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	79	12	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	79	13	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	79	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	80	1	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	80	2	features	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	80	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	80	4	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-11155	80	5	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	80	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	80	7	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
easat-11155	80	8	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-11155	80	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	80	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	80	11	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-11155	80	12	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	80	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	80	14	building	building	NOUN
easat-11155	80	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	80	16	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	80	17	especially	especially	ADV
easat-11155	80	18	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-11155	80	19	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	80	20	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	80	21	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	80	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	81	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-11155	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	81	3	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	81	4	must	must	AUX
easat-11155	81	5	be	be	AUX
easat-11155	81	6	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	81	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	81	8	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
easat-11155	81	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	81	10	considering	consider	VERB
easat-11155	81	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	81	12	background	background	NOUN
easat-11155	81	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	81	14	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-11155	81	15	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-11155	81	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	81	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	81	18	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-11155	81	19	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-11155	81	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	82	1	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	82	2	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	82	3	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	82	4	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	82	5	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-11155	82	6	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	82	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-11155	82	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	82	9	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-11155	82	10	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-11155	82	11	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	82	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	82	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	82	14	extend	extend	VERB
easat-11155	82	15	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	82	16	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-11155	82	17	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	82	18	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-11155	82	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	83	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-11155	83	2	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	83	3	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	83	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	84	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	84	2	23	23	NUM
easat-11155	84	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	84	4	affirm	affirm	NOUN
easat-11155	84	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	84	6	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-11155	84	7	games	game	NOUN
easat-11155	84	8	serve	serve	VERB
easat-11155	84	9	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	84	10	a	a	DET
easat-11155	84	11	powerful	powerful	ADJ
easat-11155	84	12	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	84	13	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	84	14	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-11155	84	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	84	16	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-11155	84	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	84	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	84	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	84	20	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-11155	84	21	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
easat-11155	84	22	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	84	23	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	84	24	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-11155	84	25	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-11155	84	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	84	27	creating	create	VERB
easat-11155	84	28	sustained	sustained	ADJ
easat-11155	84	29	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-11155	84	30	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	84	31	immersion	immersion	NOUN
easat-11155	84	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	84	33	repetition	repetition	NOUN
easat-11155	84	34	across	across	ADP
easat-11155	84	35	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-11155	84	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	85	2	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	85	3	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	85	4	this	this	DET
easat-11155	85	5	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	85	6	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	85	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	85	8	following	follow	VERB
easat-11155	85	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	85	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	11	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	85	12	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-11155	85	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	14	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	85	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	85	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	17	use	use	VERB
easat-11155	85	18	simulations	simulation	NOUN
easat-11155	85	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	85	20	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	85	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	22	world	world	NOUN
easat-11155	85	23	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	85	24	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-11155	85	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	26	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
easat-11155	85	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	28	meeting	meet	VERB
easat-11155	85	29	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-11155	85	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	31	email	email	NOUN
easat-11155	85	32	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-11155	85	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	85	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	86	1	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	86	2	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
easat-11155	86	3	drills	drill	NOUN
easat-11155	86	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	86	5	apply	apply	VERB
easat-11155	86	6	gamified	gamifie	VERB
easat-11155	86	7	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	86	8	like	like	ADP
easat-11155	86	9	memrise	memrise	NOUN
easat-11155	86	10	to	to	PART
easat-11155	86	11	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
easat-11155	86	12	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	86	13	terminology	terminology	NOUN
easat-11155	86	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	87	1	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	87	2	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-11155	87	3	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-11155	87	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	87	5	leverage	leverage	NOUN
easat-11155	87	6	app	app	NOUN
easat-11155	87	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	87	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	87	9	features	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	87	10	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	87	11	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-11155	87	12	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	87	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	87	14	playing	playing	NOUN
easat-11155	87	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	87	16	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-11155	87	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	87	18	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-11155	87	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	88	1	•	•	ADJ
easat-11155	88	2	multimodal	multimodal	NOUN
easat-11155	88	3	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-11155	88	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	88	5	blend	blend	NOUN
easat-11155	88	6	app	app	NOUN
easat-11155	88	7	listening	listen	VERB
easat-11155	88	8	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-11155	88	9	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	88	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	88	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	88	12	class	class	NOUN
easat-11155	88	13	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-11155	88	14	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	88	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	89	1	contextualization	contextualization	NOUN
easat-11155	89	2	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	89	3	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-11155	89	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	89	5	especially	especially	ADV
easat-11155	89	6	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	89	7	french	french	ADJ
easat-11155	89	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	89	9	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	89	10	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	89	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	90	1	exercises	exercise	VERB
easat-11155	90	2	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	90	3	contrast	contrast	VERB
easat-11155	90	4	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	90	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	90	6	french	french	ADJ
easat-11155	90	7	grammar	grammar	NOUN
easat-11155	90	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	90	9	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	90	10	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	90	11	help	help	VERB
easat-11155	90	12	address	address	VERB
easat-11155	90	13	common	common	ADJ
easat-11155	90	14	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-11155	90	15	errors	error	NOUN
easat-11155	90	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	90	17	support	support	NOUN
easat-11155	90	18	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-11155	90	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	91	1	given	give	VERB
easat-11155	91	2	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
easat-11155	91	3	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-11155	91	4	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	91	5	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	91	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	91	7	equitable	equitable	ADJ
easat-11155	91	8	access	access	NOUN
easat-11155	91	9	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	91	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	91	11	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	91	12	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	91	13	a	a	DET
easat-11155	91	14	priority	priority	NOUN
easat-11155	91	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	92	1	ally	ally	PROPN
easat-11155	92	2	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	92	3	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	92	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	93	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	93	2	24	24	NUM
easat-11155	93	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	93	4	recommend	recommend	VERB
easat-11155	93	5	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
easat-11155	93	6	models	model	NOUN
easat-11155	93	7	to	to	PART
easat-11155	93	8	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
easat-11155	93	9	inequality	inequality	NOUN
easat-11155	93	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	94	1	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	94	2	include	include	VERB
easat-11155	94	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	94	4	•	•	ADJ
easat-11155	94	5	offline	offline	ADJ
easat-11155	94	6	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	94	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	94	8	employ	employ	NOUN
easat-11155	94	9	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	94	10	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	94	11	downloadable	downloadable	ADJ
easat-11155	94	12	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	94	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	95	1	1306	1306	NUM
easat-11155	95	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	95	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	95	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	95	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	95	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	95	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	95	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	95	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	95	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	95	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	95	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	95	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	96	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	96	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	96	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	96	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	96	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	96	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	96	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	96	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	96	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	96	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	96	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	96	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	96	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	96	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	96	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	96	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	96	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	96	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	96	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	96	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	96	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	96	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	96	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	96	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-11155	96	26	•	•	NOUN
easat-11155	96	27	shared	share	VERB
easat-11155	96	28	devices	device	NOUN
easat-11155	96	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	96	30	facilitate	facilitate	NOUN
easat-11155	96	31	group	group	NOUN
easat-11155	96	32	work	work	NOUN
easat-11155	96	33	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	96	34	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	96	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	96	36	owned	own	VERB
easat-11155	96	37	tablets	tablet	NOUN
easat-11155	96	38	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	96	39	computers	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	96	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	97	1	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	97	2	blended	blended	ADJ
easat-11155	97	3	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	97	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	97	5	combine	combine	VERB
easat-11155	97	6	app	app	ADJ
easat-11155	97	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	97	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	97	9	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	97	10	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	97	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	97	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	97	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	98	1	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	98	2	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-11155	98	3	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-11155	98	4	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	98	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	98	6	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-11155	98	7	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-11155	98	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	98	9	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-11155	98	10	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-11155	98	11	to	to	PART
easat-11155	98	12	support	support	VERB
easat-11155	98	13	sustained	sustained	ADJ
easat-11155	98	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	98	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	98	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	99	1	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	99	2	addressing	address	VERB
easat-11155	99	3	these	these	DET
easat-11155	99	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	99	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	99	6	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	99	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	99	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	99	9	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	99	10	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	99	11	meaningfully	meaningfully	ADV
easat-11155	99	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	99	13	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	99	14	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	99	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	99	16	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	99	17	’s	’s	PART
easat-11155	99	18	technical	technical	PROPN
easat-11155	99	19	schools	school	NOUN
easat-11155	99	20	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	99	21	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-11155	99	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	100	1	3	3	X
easat-11155	100	2	.	.	X
easat-11155	100	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-11155	100	4	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-11155	100	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	101	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	101	2	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	101	3	this	this	DET
easat-11155	101	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	101	5	employed	employ	VERB
easat-11155	101	6	a	a	DET
easat-11155	101	7	mixed	mix	VERB
easat-11155	101	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	101	9	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	101	10	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	101	11	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	101	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	101	13	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	101	14	both	both	CCONJ
easat-11155	101	15	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	101	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	101	17	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	101	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	101	19	to	to	PART
easat-11155	101	20	provide	provide	VERB
easat-11155	101	21	a	a	DET
easat-11155	101	22	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-11155	101	23	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-11155	101	24	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	101	25	the	the	DET
easat-11155	101	26	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	101	27	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-11155	101	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	102	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	102	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	102	3	aspect	aspect	NOUN
easat-11155	102	4	helped	help	VERB
easat-11155	102	5	to	to	PART
easat-11155	102	6	measure	measure	VERB
easat-11155	102	7	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-11155	102	8	'	'	PART
easat-11155	102	9	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-11155	102	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	102	11	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	102	12	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	102	13	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-11155	102	14	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	102	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	102	16	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	102	17	the	the	DET
easat-11155	102	18	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	102	19	component	component	NOUN
easat-11155	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	102	21	mainly	mainly	ADV
easat-11155	102	22	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	102	23	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	102	24	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	102	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	102	26	captured	capture	VERB
easat-11155	102	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	102	28	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-11155	102	29	realities	reality	NOUN
easat-11155	102	30	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	102	31	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	102	32	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	102	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	102	34	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	102	35	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	102	36	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	102	37	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	102	38	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	102	39	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	102	40	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	102	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	103	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	103	2	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	103	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	103	4	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-11155	103	5	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	103	6	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	103	7	motivated	motivate	VERB
easat-11155	103	8	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	103	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	103	10	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-11155	103	11	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	103	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	103	13	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	103	14	setting	setting	NOUN
easat-11155	103	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	103	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	103	17	need	need	NOUN
easat-11155	103	18	to	to	PART
easat-11155	103	19	triangulate	triangulate	VERB
easat-11155	103	20	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	103	21	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	103	22	different	different	ADJ
easat-11155	103	23	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	103	24	sources	source	NOUN
easat-11155	103	25	to	to	PART
easat-11155	103	26	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	103	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	103	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	103	29	's	's	PART
easat-11155	103	30	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-11155	103	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	103	32	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-11155	103	33	[	[	X
easat-11155	103	34	25	25	NUM
easat-11155	103	35	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	103	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	104	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-11155	104	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	104	3	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-11155	104	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	104	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	104	6	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	104	7	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-11155	104	8	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	104	9	porto	porto	NOUN
easat-11155	104	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	104	11	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	104	12	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	104	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	104	14	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	104	15	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	104	16	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	104	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	104	18	a	a	DET
easat-11155	104	19	public	public	ADJ
easat-11155	104	20	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	104	21	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-11155	104	22	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	104	23	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	104	24	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	104	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	105	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	105	2	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-11155	105	3	offers	offer	VERB
easat-11155	105	4	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	105	5	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	105	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	105	7	including	include	VERB
easat-11155	105	8	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	105	9	studies	study	NOUN
easat-11155	105	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	105	11	making	make	VERB
easat-11155	105	12	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	105	13	an	an	DET
easat-11155	105	14	ideal	ideal	ADJ
easat-11155	105	15	setting	set	VERB
easat-11155	105	16	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	105	17	investigating	investigate	VERB
easat-11155	105	18	the	the	DET
easat-11155	105	19	application	application	NOUN
easat-11155	105	20	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	105	21	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-11155	105	22	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	105	23	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	105	24	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	105	25	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	105	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	106	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	106	2	purposive	purposive	ADJ
easat-11155	106	3	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-11155	106	4	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	106	5	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	106	6	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	106	7	to	to	PART
easat-11155	106	8	select	select	VERB
easat-11155	106	9	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-11155	106	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	107	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	107	2	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-11155	107	3	included	include	VERB
easat-11155	107	4	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	107	5	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	107	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	107	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	107	8	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	107	9	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	107	10	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	107	12	chosen	choose	VERB
easat-11155	107	13	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	107	14	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	107	15	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	107	16	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-11155	107	17	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-11155	107	18	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	107	19	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	107	20	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	107	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	107	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	107	23	the	the	DET
easat-11155	107	24	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-11155	107	25	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	107	26	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	107	27	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	107	28	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	107	29	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	107	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	108	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-11155	108	2	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	108	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	108	4	sampled	sample	VERB
easat-11155	108	5	population	population	NOUN
easat-11155	108	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	109	1	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-11155	109	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	109	3	students	students	PROPN
easat-11155	109	4	porto	porto	PROPN
easat-11155	109	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	109	6	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	109	7	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	109	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	109	9	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	109	10	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	109	11	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	109	12	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	109	13	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	109	14	this	this	DET
easat-11155	109	15	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-11155	109	16	size	size	NOUN
easat-11155	109	17	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	109	18	deemed	deem	VERB
easat-11155	109	19	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
easat-11155	109	20	to	to	PART
easat-11155	109	21	provide	provide	VERB
easat-11155	109	22	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-11155	109	23	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	109	24	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	109	25	remaining	remain	VERB
easat-11155	109	26	manageable	manageable	ADJ
easat-11155	109	27	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	109	28	indepth	indepth	ADJ
easat-11155	109	29	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	109	30	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	109	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	110	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-11155	110	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	111	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	111	2	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-11155	111	3	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	111	4	this	this	DET
easat-11155	111	5	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-11155	111	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	111	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	111	8	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	111	9	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	111	10	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	111	11	to	to	PART
easat-11155	111	12	collect	collect	VERB
easat-11155	111	13	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	111	14	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	111	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	111	16	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
easat-11155	111	17	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	111	18	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	111	19	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	111	20	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	111	21	to	to	PART
easat-11155	111	22	collect	collect	VERB
easat-11155	111	23	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	111	24	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	111	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	112	1	to	to	PART
easat-11155	112	2	have	have	VERB
easat-11155	112	3	a	a	DET
easat-11155	112	4	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-11155	112	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-11155	112	6	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	112	7	this	this	DET
easat-11155	112	8	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-11155	112	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	112	10	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	112	11	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	112	12	worth	worth	ADJ
easat-11155	112	13	describing	describe	VERB
easat-11155	112	14	each	each	PRON
easat-11155	112	15	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	112	16	these	these	DET
easat-11155	112	17	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-11155	112	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	113	1	3.3.1	3.3.1	X
easat-11155	113	2	.	.	X
easat-11155	113	3	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	113	4	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	113	5	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	113	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	113	7	permission	permission	NOUN
easat-11155	113	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	113	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	113	10	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	113	11	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-11155	113	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	113	13	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	113	14	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	113	15	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	113	16	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-11155	113	17	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	113	18	portonovo	portonovo	PROPN
easat-11155	113	19	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	113	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	113	21	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	113	22	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	113	23	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	113	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	114	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	114	2	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	114	3	provided	provide	VERB
easat-11155	114	4	an	an	DET
easat-11155	114	5	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
easat-11155	114	6	to	to	PART
easat-11155	114	7	witness	witness	VERB
easat-11155	114	8	firsthand	firsthand	ADV
easat-11155	114	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	114	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	114	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	114	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	114	13	processes	process	NOUN
easat-11155	114	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	114	15	as	as	ADV
easat-11155	114	16	well	well	ADV
easat-11155	114	17	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	114	18	the	the	DET
easat-11155	114	19	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-11155	114	20	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	114	21	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	114	22	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-11155	114	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	115	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	115	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-11155	115	3	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-11155	115	4	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	115	5	to	to	PART
easat-11155	115	6	examine	examine	VERB
easat-11155	115	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	115	8	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-11155	115	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	115	10	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	115	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	115	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	115	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	115	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	115	15	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-11155	115	16	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	115	17	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	115	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	116	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	116	2	observational	observational	ADJ
easat-11155	116	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	116	4	served	serve	VERB
easat-11155	116	5	to	to	PART
easat-11155	116	6	validate	validate	VERB
easat-11155	116	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	116	8	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-11155	116	9	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	116	10	check	check	ADJ
easat-11155	116	11	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	116	12	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-11155	116	13	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	116	14	other	other	ADJ
easat-11155	116	15	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	116	16	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-11155	116	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	117	1	to	to	PART
easat-11155	117	2	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	117	3	consistency	consistency	NOUN
easat-11155	117	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	117	5	objectivity	objectivity	NOUN
easat-11155	117	6	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	117	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	117	8	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-11155	117	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	117	10	an	an	DET
easat-11155	117	11	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	117	12	grid	grid	NOUN
easat-11155	117	13	table	table	NOUN
easat-11155	117	14	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	117	15	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	117	16	developed	develop	VERB
easat-11155	117	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	117	18	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	117	19	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	117	20	each	each	DET
easat-11155	117	21	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	117	22	visit	visit	NOUN
easat-11155	117	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	118	1	1307	1307	NUM
easat-11155	118	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	118	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	118	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	118	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	118	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	118	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	118	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	118	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	118	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	118	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	118	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	118	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	119	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	119	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	119	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	119	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	119	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	119	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	119	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	119	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	119	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	119	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	119	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	119	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	119	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	119	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	119	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	119	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	119	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	119	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	119	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	119	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	119	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	119	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	119	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	119	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	119	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-11155	119	27	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	119	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	119	29	class	class	NOUN
easat-11155	119	30	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	119	31	grid	grid	NOUN
easat-11155	119	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	120	1	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	120	2	area	area	NOUN
easat-11155	120	3	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	120	4	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-11155	120	5	scoring	scoring	NOUN
easat-11155	120	6	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-11155	120	7	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	120	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	120	9	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	120	10	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	120	11	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-11155	120	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	120	13	frequency	frequency	NOUN
easat-11155	120	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	120	15	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-11155	120	16	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	120	17	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-11155	120	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	120	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	120	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	121	1	40	40	NUM
easat-11155	121	2	pts	pt	NOUN
easat-11155	121	3	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-11155	121	4	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-11155	121	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	121	6	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	121	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	121	8	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN
easat-11155	121	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	122	1	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	122	2	pts	pt	NOUN
easat-11155	122	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	122	4	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	122	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	122	6	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	122	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	122	8	responses	response	NOUN
easat-11155	122	9	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	122	10	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	122	11	questions	question	NOUN
easat-11155	122	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	122	13	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	122	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	1	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	123	2	pts	pt	NOUN
easat-11155	123	3	total	total	NOUN
easat-11155	123	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	5	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	123	6	pts	pt	NOUN
easat-11155	123	7	0–40	0–40	PROPN
easat-11155	123	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	9	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-11155	123	10	41–70	41–70	NOUN
easat-11155	123	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	12	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	123	13	71–100	71–100	PROPN
easat-11155	123	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	15	excellent	excellent	ADJ
easat-11155	123	16	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	123	17	.	.	X
easat-11155	123	18	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	123	19	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	123	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	21	task	task	NOUN
easat-11155	123	22	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-11155	123	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	123	24	level	level	NOUN
easat-11155	123	25	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	123	26	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-11155	123	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	123	28	concentration	concentration	NOUN
easat-11155	123	29	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	123	30	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	123	31	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	123	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	124	1	completion	completion	NOUN
easat-11155	124	2	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-11155	124	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	124	4	percentage	percentage	NOUN
easat-11155	124	5	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	124	6	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-11155	124	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	124	8	homework	homework	NOUN
easat-11155	124	9	completed	complete	VERB
easat-11155	124	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	125	1	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
easat-11155	125	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	125	3	observable	observable	ADJ
easat-11155	125	4	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-11155	125	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	125	6	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
easat-11155	125	7	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	125	8	the	the	DET
easat-11155	125	9	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-11155	125	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	126	1	total	total	NOUN
easat-11155	126	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	126	3	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	126	4	pts	pt	NOUN
easat-11155	126	5	0–40	0–40	PROPN
easat-11155	126	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	126	7	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-11155	126	8	41–70	41–70	NOUN
easat-11155	126	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	126	10	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	126	11	71–100	71–100	PROPN
easat-11155	126	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	126	13	excellent	excellent	ADJ
easat-11155	126	14	3	3	X
easat-11155	126	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	127	1	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	127	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	127	3	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	127	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	127	5	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	127	6	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	127	7	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	127	8	quizzes	quiz	NOUN
easat-11155	127	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	127	10	exams	exam	NOUN
easat-11155	127	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	127	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	127	13	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-11155	127	14	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	127	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	128	1	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	128	2	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-11155	128	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	128	4	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-11155	128	5	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	128	6	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	128	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	128	8	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	128	9	taught	teach	VERB
easat-11155	128	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	129	1	project	project	NOUN
easat-11155	129	2	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-11155	129	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	129	4	creativity	creativity	NOUN
easat-11155	129	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	129	6	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-11155	129	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	129	8	final	final	ADJ
easat-11155	129	9	projects	project	NOUN
easat-11155	129	10	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	129	11	portfolios	portfolio	NOUN
easat-11155	129	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	130	1	total	total	ADJ
easat-11155	130	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	130	3	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	130	4	pts	pt	NOUN
easat-11155	130	5	0–40	0–40	PROPN
easat-11155	130	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	130	7	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-11155	130	8	41–70	41–70	NOUN
easat-11155	130	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	130	10	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	130	11	71–100	71–100	PROPN
easat-11155	130	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	130	13	excellent	excellent	ADJ
easat-11155	130	14	3.3.2	3.3.2	X
easat-11155	130	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	131	1	questionnaires	questionnaire	VERB
easat-11155	131	2	two	two	NUM
easat-11155	131	3	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-11155	131	4	types	type	NOUN
easat-11155	131	5	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	131	6	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	131	7	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	131	8	designed	design	VERB
easat-11155	131	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	131	10	administered	administer	VERB
easat-11155	131	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	131	12	one	one	NUM
easat-11155	131	13	tailored	tailor	VERB
easat-11155	131	14	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	131	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	131	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	131	17	another	another	PRON
easat-11155	131	18	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	131	19	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	131	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	131	21	to	to	PART
easat-11155	131	22	capture	capture	VERB
easat-11155	131	23	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-11155	131	24	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	131	25	both	both	DET
easat-11155	131	26	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-11155	131	27	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	131	28	the	the	DET
easat-11155	131	29	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	131	30	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	131	31	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	131	32	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	131	33	applications	application	NOUN
easat-11155	131	34	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	131	35	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	131	36	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	131	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	132	1	3.3.2.1	3.3.2.1	X
easat-11155	132	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	132	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	132	4	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	132	5	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	132	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	132	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	132	8	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	132	9	consisted	consist	VERB
easat-11155	132	10	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	132	11	seven	seven	NUM
easat-11155	132	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	132	13	7	7	NUM
easat-11155	132	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	132	15	items	item	NOUN
easat-11155	132	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	133	1	these	these	PRON
easat-11155	133	2	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	133	3	designed	design	VERB
easat-11155	133	4	to	to	PART
easat-11155	133	5	gather	gather	VERB
easat-11155	133	6	information	information	NOUN
easat-11155	133	7	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	133	8	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	133	9	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	133	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	133	11	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	133	12	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-11155	133	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	133	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	133	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	133	16	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	133	17	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	133	18	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	133	19	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	133	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	133	21	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-11155	133	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	133	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	133	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	133	25	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	133	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	133	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	133	28	perceived	perceive	VERB
easat-11155	133	29	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-11155	133	30	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	133	31	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	133	32	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	133	33	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	133	34	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	133	35	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	133	36	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	133	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	133	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	133	39	the	the	DET
easat-11155	133	40	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-11155	133	41	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	133	42	drawbacks	drawback	NOUN
easat-11155	133	43	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	133	44	these	these	DET
easat-11155	133	45	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	133	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	134	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	134	2	final	final	ADJ
easat-11155	134	3	two	two	NUM
easat-11155	134	4	questions	question	NOUN
easat-11155	134	5	focused	focus	VERB
easat-11155	134	6	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	134	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	134	8	'	'	PART
easat-11155	134	9	willingness	willingness	NOUN
easat-11155	134	10	to	to	PART
easat-11155	134	11	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	134	12	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	134	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	134	14	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	134	15	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	134	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	134	17	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	134	18	views	view	NOUN
easat-11155	134	19	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	134	20	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-11155	134	21	support	support	NOUN
easat-11155	134	22	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	134	23	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	134	24	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	134	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	135	1	3.3.2.2	3.3.2.2	X
easat-11155	135	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	135	3	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	135	4	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	135	5	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	135	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	135	7	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	135	8	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	135	9	comprised	comprise	VERB
easat-11155	135	10	six	six	NUM
easat-11155	135	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	135	12	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	135	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	135	14	questions	question	NOUN
easat-11155	135	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	135	16	combining	combine	VERB
easat-11155	135	17	both	both	CCONJ
easat-11155	135	18	closed	closed	ADJ
easat-11155	135	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	135	20	ended	end	VERB
easat-11155	135	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	135	22	openended	openende	VERB
easat-11155	135	23	formats	format	NOUN
easat-11155	135	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	136	2	items	item	NOUN
easat-11155	136	3	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-11155	136	4	to	to	PART
easat-11155	136	5	explore	explore	VERB
easat-11155	136	6	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	136	7	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	8	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	136	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	136	10	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-11155	136	11	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	136	12	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	136	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	136	15	major	major	ADJ
easat-11155	136	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	136	17	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	136	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	136	19	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	136	20	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	136	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	22	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	136	23	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	136	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	25	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-11155	136	26	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-11155	136	27	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	136	28	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-11155	136	29	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	136	30	after	after	ADP
easat-11155	136	31	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	136	32	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	136	33	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	136	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	35	the	the	DET
easat-11155	136	36	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-11155	136	37	levels	level	NOUN
easat-11155	136	38	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	136	39	app	app	NOUN
easat-11155	136	40	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	41	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	136	42	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-11155	136	43	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	136	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	45	the	the	DET
easat-11155	136	46	frequency	frequency	NOUN
easat-11155	136	47	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	136	48	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	136	49	app	app	NOUN
easat-11155	136	50	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-11155	136	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	136	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	136	53	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
easat-11155	136	54	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	136	55	improving	improve	VERB
easat-11155	136	56	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	136	57	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	136	58	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	136	59	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-11155	136	60	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	136	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	137	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	137	2	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	137	3	provided	provide	VERB
easat-11155	137	4	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-11155	137	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	137	6	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	137	7	both	both	DET
easat-11155	137	8	users	user	NOUN
easat-11155	137	9	'	'	PART
easat-11155	137	10	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	137	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	137	12	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-11155	137	13	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-11155	137	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	137	15	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	137	16	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	137	17	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	137	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	137	19	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	137	20	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	137	21	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	137	22	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-11155	137	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	138	1	3.4	3.4	NUM
easat-11155	138	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	138	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	138	4	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-11155	138	5	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-11155	138	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	138	7	data	data	NOUN
easat-11155	138	8	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-11155	138	9	process	process	NOUN
easat-11155	138	10	began	begin	VERB
easat-11155	138	11	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	138	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	138	13	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-11155	138	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	138	15	porto	porto	PROPN
easat-11155	138	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	138	17	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	138	18	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	138	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	138	20	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	138	21	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	138	22	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	138	23	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	138	24	the	the	DET
easat-11155	138	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	138	26	site	site	NOUN
easat-11155	138	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	139	1	after	after	ADP
easat-11155	139	2	securing	secure	VERB
easat-11155	139	3	administrative	administrative	ADJ
easat-11155	139	4	permission	permission	NOUN
easat-11155	139	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	139	6	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	139	7	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	139	8	administered	administer	VERB
easat-11155	139	9	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	139	10	the	the	DET
easat-11155	139	11	selected	select	VERB
easat-11155	139	12	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-11155	139	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	139	14	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	139	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	139	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	139	17	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	139	18	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	139	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	139	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	140	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	140	2	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	140	3	completed	complete	VERB
easat-11155	140	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	140	5	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	140	6	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	140	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	140	8	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	140	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	140	10	under	under	ADP
easat-11155	140	11	supervision	supervision	NOUN
easat-11155	140	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	140	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	140	14	returned	return	VERB
easat-11155	140	15	them	they	PRON
easat-11155	140	16	immediately	immediately	ADV
easat-11155	140	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	140	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	140	19	a	a	DET
easat-11155	140	20	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	140	21	response	response	NOUN
easat-11155	140	22	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-11155	140	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	140	24	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-11155	140	25	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	140	26	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	140	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	141	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	141	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	141	3	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	141	4	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	141	5	provided	provide	VERB
easat-11155	141	6	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	141	7	ample	ample	ADJ
easat-11155	141	8	time	time	NOUN
easat-11155	141	9	to	to	PART
easat-11155	141	10	respond	respond	VERB
easat-11155	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	141	12	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	141	13	follow	follow	NOUN
easat-11155	141	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	141	15	ups	up	NOUN
easat-11155	141	16	to	to	PART
easat-11155	141	17	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	141	18	completion	completion	NOUN
easat-11155	141	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	142	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-11155	142	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	142	3	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	142	4	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	142	5	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	142	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-11155	142	7	over	over	ADP
easat-11155	142	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-11155	142	9	sessions	session	NOUN
easat-11155	142	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	143	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	143	2	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	143	3	provided	provide	VERB
easat-11155	143	4	firsthand	firsthand	ADJ
easat-11155	143	5	insight	insight	NOUN
easat-11155	143	6	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	143	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	143	8	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	143	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	143	10	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	143	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	143	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	143	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	143	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	143	15	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	143	16	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	143	17	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	143	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	143	19	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	143	20	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	143	21	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	143	22	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	143	23	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	143	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	144	1	observational	observational	ADJ
easat-11155	144	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	144	3	helped	help	VERB
easat-11155	144	4	contextualize	contextualize	VERB
easat-11155	144	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	144	6	support	support	VERB
easat-11155	144	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	144	8	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	144	9	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	144	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	145	1	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
easat-11155	145	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	145	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-11155	145	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	145	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	145	6	majority	majority	NOUN
easat-11155	145	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	145	8	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-11155	145	9	believed	believe	VERB
easat-11155	145	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	145	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	145	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	145	13	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	145	14	could	could	AUX
easat-11155	145	15	support	support	VERB
easat-11155	145	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	145	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	145	18	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	145	19	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	145	20	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	145	21	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	145	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	146	1	1308	1308	NUM
easat-11155	146	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	146	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	146	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	146	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	146	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	146	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	146	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	146	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	146	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	146	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	146	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	146	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	147	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	147	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	147	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	147	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	147	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	147	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	147	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	147	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	147	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	147	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	147	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	147	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	147	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	147	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	147	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	147	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	147	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	147	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	147	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	147	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	147	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	147	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	147	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	147	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	147	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	147	26	3.5	3.5	NUM
easat-11155	147	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	148	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	148	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	148	3	the	the	DET
easat-11155	148	4	collected	collect	VERB
easat-11155	148	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	148	6	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	148	7	systematically	systematically	ADV
easat-11155	148	8	organized	organize	VERB
easat-11155	148	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	148	10	coded	code	VERB
easat-11155	148	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	148	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	148	13	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-11155	148	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	149	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	149	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	149	3	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	149	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	149	5	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	149	6	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	149	7	input	input	ADJ
easat-11155	149	8	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	149	9	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
easat-11155	149	10	excel	excel	PROPN
easat-11155	149	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	149	12	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-11155	149	13	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	149	14	basic	basic	ADJ
easat-11155	149	15	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-11155	149	16	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	149	17	to	to	PART
easat-11155	149	18	generate	generate	VERB
easat-11155	149	19	frequencies	frequency	NOUN
easat-11155	149	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	149	21	percentages	percentage	NOUN
easat-11155	149	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	149	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	149	24	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-11155	149	25	figures	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	149	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	150	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	150	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	150	3	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	150	4	open	open	ADJ
easat-11155	150	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	150	6	ended	end	VERB
easat-11155	150	7	responses	response	NOUN
easat-11155	150	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	150	9	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	150	10	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	150	11	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	150	12	categorized	categorize	VERB
easat-11155	150	13	thematically	thematically	ADV
easat-11155	150	14	to	to	PART
easat-11155	150	15	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-11155	150	16	recurring	recur	VERB
easat-11155	150	17	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-11155	150	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	150	19	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-11155	150	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	151	1	tables	table	NOUN
easat-11155	151	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	151	3	charts	chart	NOUN
easat-11155	151	4	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	151	5	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	151	6	to	to	PART
easat-11155	151	7	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
easat-11155	151	8	key	key	ADJ
easat-11155	151	9	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	151	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	151	11	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	151	12	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-11155	151	13	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-11155	151	14	supported	support	VERB
easat-11155	151	15	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
easat-11155	151	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	152	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	152	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	152	3	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-11155	152	4	to	to	PART
easat-11155	152	5	triangulate	triangulate	VERB
easat-11155	152	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	152	7	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	152	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-11155	152	9	sources	source	NOUN
easat-11155	152	10	to	to	PART
easat-11155	152	11	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-11155	152	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	152	13	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	152	14	’s	’s	PART
easat-11155	152	15	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-11155	152	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	152	17	draw	draw	VERB
easat-11155	152	18	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-11155	152	19	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
easat-11155	152	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	153	1	4	4	X
easat-11155	153	2	.	.	X
easat-11155	153	3	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	153	4	this	this	DET
easat-11155	153	5	section	section	NOUN
easat-11155	153	6	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-11155	153	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	153	8	presentation	presentation	NOUN
easat-11155	153	9	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	153	10	the	the	DET
easat-11155	153	11	results	result	NOUN
easat-11155	153	12	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	153	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	153	14	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-11155	153	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	153	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	153	17	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-11155	153	18	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	153	19	the	the	DET
easat-11155	153	20	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	153	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	154	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-11155	154	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	154	3	presentation	presentation	NOUN
easat-11155	154	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	154	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	154	6	results	result	NOUN
easat-11155	154	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	154	8	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	154	9	collected	collect	VERB
easat-11155	154	10	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	154	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	154	12	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	154	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	154	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	154	15	class	class	NOUN
easat-11155	154	16	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	154	17	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	154	18	presented	present	VERB
easat-11155	154	19	below	below	ADV
easat-11155	154	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	155	1	4.1.1	4.1.1	X
easat-11155	155	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	155	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-11155	155	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	155	5	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-11155	155	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	156	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	156	2	part	part	NOUN
easat-11155	156	3	concerns	concern	VERB
easat-11155	156	4	all	all	DET
easat-11155	156	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	156	6	information	information	NOUN
easat-11155	156	7	gathered	gather	VERB
easat-11155	156	8	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	156	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	156	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	156	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	156	12	field	field	NOUN
easat-11155	156	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	156	14	this	this	DET
easat-11155	156	15	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	156	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	157	1	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	157	2	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	157	3	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	157	4	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	157	5	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	157	6	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	157	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	157	8	type	type	NOUN
easat-11155	157	9	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	157	10	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	157	11	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	157	12	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	157	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	158	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	158	2	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	158	3	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	158	4	about	about	ADP
easat-11155	158	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	158	6	type	type	NOUN
easat-11155	158	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	158	8	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	158	9	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	158	10	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	158	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	1	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	159	2	shows	show	VERB
easat-11155	159	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	159	4	one	one	NUM
easat-11155	159	5	hundred	hundred	NUM
easat-11155	159	6	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	159	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	8	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	159	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	159	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	11	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	159	12	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	159	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	159	14	attend	attend	VERB
easat-11155	159	15	the	the	DET
easat-11155	159	16	weekly	weekly	ADJ
easat-11155	159	17	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-11155	159	18	workshop	workshop	NOUN
easat-11155	159	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	20	fifty	fifty	NUM
easat-11155	159	21	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	159	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	23	50	50	NUM
easat-11155	159	24	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	159	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	26	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	159	27	trained	train	VERB
easat-11155	159	28	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	159	29	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-11155	159	30	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	159	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	159	33	thirty	thirty	NUM
easat-11155	159	34	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	159	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	36	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	159	37	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	159	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	159	39	participate	participate	VERB
easat-11155	159	40	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	159	41	online	online	ADJ
easat-11155	159	42	courses	course	NOUN
easat-11155	159	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	160	1	eighty	eighty	NUM
easat-11155	160	2	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	160	3	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	160	4	trained	train	VERB
easat-11155	160	5	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	160	6	a	a	DET
easat-11155	160	7	community	community	NOUN
easat-11155	160	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	160	9	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	160	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	160	11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
easat-11155	160	12	none	none	NOUN
easat-11155	160	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	160	14	them	they	PRON
easat-11155	160	15	participate	participate	VERB
easat-11155	160	16	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	160	17	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-11155	160	18	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	160	19	service	service	ADJ
easat-11155	160	20	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	160	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	161	1	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	161	2	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	3	50	50	NUM
easat-11155	161	4	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	5	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	161	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	7	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	161	8	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	9	0	0	NUM
easat-11155	161	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	11	0	0	NUM
easat-11155	161	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	13	20	20	NUM
easat-11155	161	14	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	15	40	40	NUM
easat-11155	161	16	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	17	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	161	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	19	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	161	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	21	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	161	22	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	23	120	120	NUM
easat-11155	161	24	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	161	25	weekly	weekly	ADJ
easat-11155	161	26	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-11155	161	27	workshop	workshop	NOUN
easat-11155	161	28	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-11155	161	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	161	30	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	161	31	online	online	ADJ
easat-11155	161	32	course	course	NOUN
easat-11155	161	33	community	community	NOUN
easat-11155	161	34	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	161	35	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	161	36	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-11155	161	37	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	161	38	service	service	ADJ
easat-11155	161	39	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	161	40	1309	1309	NUM
easat-11155	161	41	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	161	42	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	161	43	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	161	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	161	45	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	161	46	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	161	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	161	48	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	161	49	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	161	50	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	161	51	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	161	52	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	162	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	162	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	162	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	162	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	162	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	162	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	162	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	162	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	162	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	162	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	162	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	162	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	162	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	162	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	162	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	162	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	162	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	162	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	162	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	162	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	162	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	162	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	163	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	163	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	163	3	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-11155	163	4	4.1.1.1	4.1.1.1	PROPN
easat-11155	163	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	163	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	163	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	163	8	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	163	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	163	10	figure	figure	VERB
easat-11155	163	11	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	163	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	163	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	163	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	163	15	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	163	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	163	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	164	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	164	2	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	164	3	discusses	discuss	VERB
easat-11155	164	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	164	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	164	6	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	164	7	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	164	8	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	164	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	164	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	165	1	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	165	2	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	165	3	observed	observe	VERB
easat-11155	165	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	165	5	all	all	DET
easat-11155	165	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	165	7	investigated	investigate	VERB
easat-11155	165	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	165	9	criticize	criticize	VERB
easat-11155	165	10	overcrowded	overcrowded	ADJ
easat-11155	165	11	classes	class	NOUN
easat-11155	165	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	165	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	165	14	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	165	15	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	165	16	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	165	17	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	165	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	165	19	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-11155	165	20	official	official	ADJ
easat-11155	165	21	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	165	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	165	23	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-11155	165	24	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	165	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	165	26	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-11155	165	27	supervision	supervision	NOUN
easat-11155	165	28	leading	lead	VERB
easat-11155	165	29	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	165	30	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	165	31	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	165	32	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	165	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	165	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	165	35	demotivating	demotivate	VERB
easat-11155	165	36	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	165	37	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-11155	165	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	165	39	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	165	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	166	1	4.1.1.2	4.1.1.2	X
easat-11155	166	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	166	3	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	166	4	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	166	5	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	166	6	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	166	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	166	8	figure	figure	VERB
easat-11155	166	9	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	166	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	166	11	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	166	12	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	166	13	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	166	14	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	166	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	166	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	1	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	167	2	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	167	3	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	167	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	167	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-11155	167	7	unanimously	unanimously	ADV
easat-11155	167	8	deprecate	deprecate	VERB
easat-11155	167	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	167	10	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	167	11	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	167	12	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	167	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	167	14	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-11155	167	15	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	167	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	17	the	the	DET
easat-11155	167	18	authoritarian	authoritarian	ADJ
easat-11155	167	19	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	167	20	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	167	21	style	style	NOUN
easat-11155	167	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	167	23	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	167	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	25	centred	centre	VERB
easat-11155	167	26	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	167	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	28	the	the	DET
easat-11155	167	29	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-11155	167	30	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-11155	167	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	167	32	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	167	33	system	system	NOUN
easat-11155	167	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	167	36	the	the	DET
easat-11155	167	37	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
easat-11155	167	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	167	39	boring	boring	ADJ
easat-11155	167	40	class	class	NOUN
easat-11155	167	41	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	167	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	168	1	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	168	2	eighty	eighty	NUM
easat-11155	168	3	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	168	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	168	5	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	168	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	168	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	168	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	168	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	168	10	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-11155	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	168	12	these	these	DET
easat-11155	168	13	impediments	impediment	NOUN
easat-11155	168	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	168	15	the	the	DET
easat-11155	168	16	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-11155	168	17	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	168	18	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	168	19	generate	generate	VERB
easat-11155	168	20	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	168	21	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	168	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	168	23	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	168	24	impedes	impede	VERB
easat-11155	168	25	a	a	DET
easat-11155	168	26	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	168	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	168	28	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	168	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	169	1	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	169	2	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	169	3	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	169	4	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	169	5	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	169	6	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	169	7	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	169	8	0	0	NUM
easat-11155	169	9	20	20	NUM
easat-11155	169	10	40	40	NUM
easat-11155	169	11	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	169	12	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	169	13	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	169	14	120	120	NUM
easat-11155	169	15	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-11155	169	16	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	169	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	169	18	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	169	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	169	20	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	169	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	169	22	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-11155	169	23	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	169	24	authoritarian	authoritarian	ADJ
easat-11155	169	25	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	169	26	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	169	27	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	169	28	centred	centre	VERB
easat-11155	169	29	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	169	30	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	169	31	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	169	32	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	169	33	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	169	34	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-11155	169	35	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-11155	169	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	169	37	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	169	38	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
easat-11155	169	39	boring	boring	ADJ
easat-11155	169	40	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	169	41	1310	1310	NUM
easat-11155	169	42	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	169	43	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	169	44	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	169	45	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	169	46	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	169	47	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	169	48	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	169	49	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	169	50	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	169	51	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	169	52	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	169	53	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	170	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	170	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	170	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	170	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	170	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	170	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	170	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	170	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	170	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	170	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	170	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	170	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	170	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	170	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	170	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	170	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	170	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	170	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	170	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	170	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	170	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	170	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	170	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	170	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	170	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	170	26	4.1.1.3	4.1.1.3	PROPN
easat-11155	170	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	171	1	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	171	2	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	171	3	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	171	4	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	171	5	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	171	6	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	171	7	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	171	8	4	4	NUM
easat-11155	171	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	171	10	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	171	11	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	171	12	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	171	13	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	171	14	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	171	15	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	171	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	172	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	172	2	4	4	NUM
easat-11155	172	3	discloses	disclose	VERB
easat-11155	172	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	172	5	one	one	NUM
easat-11155	172	6	hundred	hundred	NUM
easat-11155	172	7	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	172	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	172	9	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	172	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	172	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	172	12	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	172	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	172	14	learned	learn	VERB
easat-11155	172	15	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	172	16	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	172	17	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	172	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	172	19	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-11155	172	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	172	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	172	22	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-11155	172	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	1	ninety	ninety	NUM
easat-11155	173	2	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	173	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	4	90	90	NUM
easat-11155	173	5	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	173	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	7	learned	learn	VERB
easat-11155	173	8	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	173	9	creativity	creativity	NOUN
easat-11155	173	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	11	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	173	12	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-11155	173	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	173	15	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	173	16	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	173	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	18	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
easat-11155	173	19	eighty	eighty	NUM
easat-11155	173	20	percent	percent	NOUN
easat-11155	173	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	22	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	173	23	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	173	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	173	25	learned	learn	VERB
easat-11155	173	26	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	173	27	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-11155	173	28	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	173	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	174	1	4.1.1.4	4.1.1.4	X
easat-11155	174	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	175	1	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-11155	175	2	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	175	3	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	175	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	175	5	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	175	6	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	175	7	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	175	8	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	175	9	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	175	10	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	175	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	175	12	advantages	advantage	NOUN
easat-11155	175	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	175	14	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	175	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	175	16	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	175	17	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	175	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	176	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
easat-11155	176	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	176	3	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	176	4	all	all	DET
easat-11155	176	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	176	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-11155	176	7	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	176	8	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	176	9	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	176	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	176	11	lla	lla	PROPN
easat-11155	176	12	simulates	simulate	VERB
easat-11155	176	13	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	176	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	176	15	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	176	16	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	176	17	motivating	motivating	NOUN
easat-11155	176	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	176	19	entertaining	entertaining	ADJ
easat-11155	176	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	176	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	177	1	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	177	2	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	177	3	provides	provide	VERB
easat-11155	177	4	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-11155	177	5	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	177	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	177	7	constructive	constructive	ADJ
easat-11155	177	8	instant	instant	ADJ
easat-11155	177	9	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	177	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	178	1	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	178	2	allows	allow	VERB
easat-11155	178	3	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	178	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	178	5	regulated	regulate	VERB
easat-11155	178	6	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-11155	178	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	178	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	178	9	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	178	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	178	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	178	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	179	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-11155	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	179	3	the	the	DET
easat-11155	179	4	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-11155	179	5	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-11155	179	6	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
easat-11155	179	7	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-11155	179	8	fluency	fluency	NOUN
easat-11155	179	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	179	10	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-11155	179	11	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-11155	179	12	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	179	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	179	14	app	app	NOUN
easat-11155	179	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	180	1	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	180	2	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	180	3	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-11155	180	4	because	because	SCONJ
easat-11155	180	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	180	6	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	180	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	180	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
easat-11155	180	9	uses	use	VERB
easat-11155	180	10	an	an	DET
easat-11155	180	11	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	180	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	180	13	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	180	14	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	180	15	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	180	16	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	180	17	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	180	18	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	180	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	180	20	guided	guide	VERB
easat-11155	180	21	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	180	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	180	23	centred	centre	VERB
easat-11155	180	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	180	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	180	26	70	70	NUM
easat-11155	180	27	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	180	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	180	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	181	1	1311	1311	NUM
easat-11155	181	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	181	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	181	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	181	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	181	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	181	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	181	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	181	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	181	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	181	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	181	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	181	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	182	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	182	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	182	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	182	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	182	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	182	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	182	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	182	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	182	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	182	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	182	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	182	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	182	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	182	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	182	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	182	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	182	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	182	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	182	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	182	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	182	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	183	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	183	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	183	3	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-11155	183	4	4.1.1.5	4.1.1.5	PROPN
easat-11155	183	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	183	6	drawbacks	drawback	NOUN
easat-11155	183	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	183	8	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	183	9	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	183	10	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	183	11	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	183	12	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	183	13	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	183	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	183	15	drawbacks	drawback	NOUN
easat-11155	183	16	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	183	17	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	183	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	183	19	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	183	20	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	183	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	184	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	184	2	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	184	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-11155	184	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	184	5	drawbacks	drawback	NOUN
easat-11155	184	6	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	184	7	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	184	8	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	184	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	184	10	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	184	11	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	184	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	185	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	185	2	respondent	respondent	NOUN
easat-11155	185	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	185	4	identify	identify	VERB
easat-11155	185	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	185	6	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	185	7	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-11155	185	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	185	9	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-11155	185	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	185	11	good	good	ADJ
easat-11155	185	12	smartphones	smartphone	NOUN
easat-11155	185	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	185	14	as	as	ADV
easat-11155	185	15	well	well	ADV
easat-11155	185	16	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	185	17	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-11155	185	18	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-11155	185	19	network	network	NOUN
easat-11155	185	20	coverage	coverage	NOUN
easat-11155	185	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	185	22	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	185	23	the	the	DET
easat-11155	185	24	main	main	ADJ
easat-11155	185	25	hurdles	hurdle	NOUN
easat-11155	185	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	1	more	more	ADV
easat-11155	186	2	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-11155	186	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	4	like	like	ADP
easat-11155	186	5	most	most	ADJ
easat-11155	186	6	ai	ai	AUX
easat-11155	186	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	186	9	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-11155	186	10	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	186	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	186	12	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	186	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	14	there	there	PRON
easat-11155	186	15	are	be	VERB
easat-11155	186	16	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	186	17	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-11155	186	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	186	19	decoding	decode	VERB
easat-11155	186	20	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	186	21	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	186	22	speech	speech	NOUN
easat-11155	186	23	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	186	24	low	low	ADJ
easat-11155	186	25	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	186	26	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-11155	186	27	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	186	28	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	186	29	the	the	DET
easat-11155	186	30	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	186	31	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	186	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	33	60	60	NUM
easat-11155	186	34	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	186	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	186	38	the	the	DET
easat-11155	186	39	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	186	40	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	186	41	lla	lla	PROPN
easat-11155	186	42	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	186	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	44	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	186	45	some	some	DET
easat-11155	186	46	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-11155	186	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	186	48	uncontextualized	uncontextualized	ADJ
easat-11155	186	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	187	1	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	187	2	your	your	PRON
easat-11155	187	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-11155	187	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	187	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	187	6	data	data	NOUN
easat-11155	187	7	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	187	8	presented	present	VERB
easat-11155	187	9	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	187	10	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-11155	187	11	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	187	12	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	187	13	each	each	DET
easat-11155	187	14	metric	metric	NOUN
easat-11155	187	15	across	across	ADP
easat-11155	187	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	187	17	three	three	NUM
easat-11155	187	18	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	187	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	187	20	providing	provide	VERB
easat-11155	187	21	a	a	DET
easat-11155	187	22	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-11155	187	23	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-11155	187	24	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-11155	187	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	188	1	4.1.1.6	4.1.1.6	X
easat-11155	188	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	188	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	188	4	vs	vs	ADP
easat-11155	188	5	ai	ai	ADV
easat-11155	188	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	188	7	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	188	8	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	188	9	classes	class	NOUN
easat-11155	188	10	figure	figure	VERB
easat-11155	188	11	7	7	NUM
easat-11155	188	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	188	13	compared	compare	VERB
easat-11155	188	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	188	15	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	188	16	between	between	ADP
easat-11155	188	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	188	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	188	19	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-11155	188	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	188	21	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	188	22	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	188	23	classes	class	NOUN
easat-11155	188	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	189	1	1312	1312	NUM
easat-11155	189	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	189	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	189	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	189	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	189	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	189	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	189	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	189	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	189	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	189	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	189	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	189	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	190	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	190	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	190	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	190	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	190	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	190	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	190	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	190	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	190	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	190	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	190	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	190	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	190	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	190	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	190	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	190	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	190	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	190	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	190	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	190	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	190	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	190	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	190	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	190	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	190	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	190	26	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	190	27	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	190	28	a	a	DET
easat-11155	190	29	closer	close	ADJ
easat-11155	190	30	inspection	inspection	NOUN
easat-11155	190	31	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	190	32	the	the	DET
easat-11155	190	33	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	190	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	190	35	here	here	ADV
easat-11155	190	36	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	190	37	a	a	DET
easat-11155	190	38	more	more	ADV
easat-11155	190	39	detailed	detailed	ADJ
easat-11155	190	40	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-11155	190	41	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	190	42	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	190	43	the	the	DET
easat-11155	190	44	chart	chart	NOUN
easat-11155	190	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	191	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	191	2	core	core	NOUN
easat-11155	191	3	takeaway	takeaway	NOUN
easat-11155	191	4	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	191	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	191	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	191	7	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	191	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	191	9	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	191	10	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	191	11	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-11155	191	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	191	13	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-11155	191	14	boosts	boost	VERB
easat-11155	191	15	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	191	16	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	191	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	191	18	but	but	CCONJ
easat-11155	191	19	its	its	PRON
easat-11155	191	20	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-11155	191	21	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	191	22	other	other	ADJ
easat-11155	191	23	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-11155	191	24	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	191	25	more	more	ADV
easat-11155	191	26	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-11155	191	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	191	28	varies	vary	VERB
easat-11155	191	29	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	191	30	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	191	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-11155	192	2	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	192	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-11155	192	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-11155	192	6	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	192	7	total	total	ADJ
easat-11155	192	8	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	192	9	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	192	10	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	192	11	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-11155	192	12	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	192	13	median	median	PROPN
easat-11155	192	14	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	192	15	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-11155	192	16	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-11155	192	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	192	18	203.33	203.33	NUM
easat-11155	192	19	220.0	220.0	NUM
easat-11155	192	20	33.29	33.29	NUM
easat-11155	192	21	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	192	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	23	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	192	24	261.67	261.67	NUM
easat-11155	192	25	265.0	265.0	NUM
easat-11155	192	26	5.77	5.77	NUM
easat-11155	192	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	192	28	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	192	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	30	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	192	31	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	192	32	has	have	VERB
easat-11155	192	33	a	a	DET
easat-11155	192	34	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-11155	192	35	higher	high	ADJ
easat-11155	192	36	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-11155	192	37	total	total	ADJ
easat-11155	192	38	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	192	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	40	261.67	261.67	NUM
easat-11155	192	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	42	compared	compare	VERB
easat-11155	192	43	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	192	44	the	the	DET
easat-11155	192	45	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	192	46	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	192	47	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	48	203.33	203.33	NUM
easat-11155	192	49	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	192	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	193	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	193	2	lower	low	ADJ
easat-11155	193	3	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-11155	193	4	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-11155	193	5	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	193	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	193	7	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	193	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	193	9	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	193	10	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	193	11	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-11155	193	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	193	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	193	14	total	total	ADJ
easat-11155	193	15	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	193	16	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	193	17	more	more	ADV
easat-11155	193	18	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-11155	193	19	across	across	ADP
easat-11155	193	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	193	21	three	three	NUM
easat-11155	193	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	193	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	194	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-11155	194	2	4	4	NUM
easat-11155	194	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	195	1	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	195	2	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	195	3	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	195	4	category	category	NOUN
easat-11155	195	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	196	1	category	category	NOUN
easat-11155	196	2	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	196	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	196	4	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	196	5	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	196	6	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	196	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	196	8	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	196	9	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	196	10	percentage	percentage	NOUN
easat-11155	196	11	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	196	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	196	13	ai	ai	AUX
easat-11155	196	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	196	15	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	196	16	over	over	ADP
easat-11155	196	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	196	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	196	19	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	196	20	70.0	70.0	NUM
easat-11155	196	21	75.0	75.0	NUM
easat-11155	197	1	+7.14	+7.14	PROPN
easat-11155	197	2	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	197	3	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	197	4	65.0	65.0	NUM
easat-11155	197	5	60.0	60.0	NUM
easat-11155	197	6	-7.69	-7.69	NUM
easat-11155	197	7	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	197	8	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	197	9	68.33	68.33	NUM
easat-11155	197	10	126.67	126.67	NUM
easat-11155	197	11	+85.37	+85.37	PROPN
easat-11155	197	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	197	13	total	total	ADJ
easat-11155	197	14	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	197	15	203.33	203.33	NUM
easat-11155	197	16	261.67	261.67	NUM
easat-11155	197	17	+28.69	+28.69	NUM
easat-11155	197	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	197	19	the	the	DET
easat-11155	197	20	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	197	21	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	197	22	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	197	23	category	category	NOUN
easat-11155	197	24	breakdown	breakdown	NOUN
easat-11155	197	25	show	show	VERB
easat-11155	197	26	where	where	SCONJ
easat-11155	197	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	197	28	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-11155	197	29	gains	gain	NOUN
easat-11155	197	30	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	197	31	the	the	DET
easat-11155	197	32	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	197	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	197	34	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	197	35	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	197	36	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	197	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	198	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	198	2	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	198	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-11155	198	4	a	a	DET
easat-11155	198	5	modest	modest	ADJ
easat-11155	198	6	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	198	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	198	8	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	198	9	actually	actually	ADV
easat-11155	198	10	decreases	decrease	VERB
easat-11155	198	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	198	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	198	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	198	14	category	category	NOUN
easat-11155	198	15	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	198	16	a	a	DET
easat-11155	198	17	dramatic	dramatic	ADJ
easat-11155	198	18	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-11155	198	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	198	20	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	198	21	an	an	DET
easat-11155	198	22	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	198	23	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	198	24	over	over	ADP
easat-11155	198	25	85	85	NUM
easat-11155	198	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	198	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	199	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	199	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-11155	199	3	boost	boost	NOUN
easat-11155	199	4	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	199	5	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	199	6	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	199	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	199	8	main	main	ADJ
easat-11155	199	9	driver	driver	NOUN
easat-11155	199	10	behind	behind	ADP
easat-11155	199	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	199	12	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-11155	199	13	28.69	28.69	NUM
easat-11155	199	14	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	199	15	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	199	16	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	199	17	the	the	DET
easat-11155	199	18	total	total	ADJ
easat-11155	199	19	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	199	20	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	199	21	the	the	DET
easat-11155	199	22	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	199	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	199	24	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	199	25	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	199	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	200	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
easat-11155	200	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	201	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	201	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	201	3	the	the	DET
easat-11155	201	4	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	201	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	201	6	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	201	7	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	201	8	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	201	9	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	201	10	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	201	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	201	12	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	201	13	's	's	PART
easat-11155	201	14	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	201	15	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	201	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	201	17	three	three	NUM
easat-11155	201	18	sessions	session	NOUN
easat-11155	201	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	202	1	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	202	2	provides	provide	VERB
easat-11155	202	3	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	202	4	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	202	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	202	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	202	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	202	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	202	9	offers	offer	VERB
easat-11155	202	10	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-11155	202	11	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	202	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	202	13	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	202	14	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-11155	202	15	associated	associate	VERB
easat-11155	202	16	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	202	17	each	each	DET
easat-11155	202	18	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	202	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	203	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	203	2	internship	internship	NOUN
easat-11155	203	3	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	203	4	porto	porto	PROPN
easat-11155	203	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	203	6	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	203	7	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	203	8	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	203	9	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	203	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	203	11	lt	lt	PROPN
easat-11155	203	12	/	/	SYM
easat-11155	203	13	pn	pn	NOUN
easat-11155	203	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	203	15	focused	focus	VERB
easat-11155	203	16	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	203	17	observing	observe	VERB
easat-11155	203	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	203	19	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-11155	203	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	203	21	'	'	PART
easat-11155	203	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	203	23	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	203	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	203	25	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	203	26	the	the	DET
easat-11155	203	27	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-11155	203	28	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	203	29	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-11155	203	30	both	both	CCONJ
easat-11155	203	31	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	203	32	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-11155	203	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	203	34	the	the	DET
easat-11155	203	35	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	203	36	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-11155	203	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	204	1	adopting	adopt	VERB
easat-11155	204	2	a	a	DET
easat-11155	204	3	non	non	ADJ
easat-11155	204	4	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	204	5	interventionist	interventionist	ADJ
easat-11155	204	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	204	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	204	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	204	9	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	204	10	allowed	allow	VERB
easat-11155	204	11	to	to	PART
easat-11155	204	12	engage	engage	VERB
easat-11155	204	13	naturally	naturally	ADV
easat-11155	204	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	204	15	offering	offer	VERB
easat-11155	204	16	an	an	DET
easat-11155	204	17	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	204	18	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-11155	204	19	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	204	20	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	204	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	204	22	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	204	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	205	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	205	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	205	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-11155	205	4	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-11155	205	5	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-11155	205	6	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	205	7	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	205	8	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	205	9	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	205	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	205	11	written	write	VERB
easat-11155	205	12	expression	expression	NOUN
easat-11155	205	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	205	14	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	205	15	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-11155	205	16	playing	play	VERB
easat-11155	205	17	a	a	DET
easat-11155	205	18	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	205	19	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	205	20	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	205	21	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	205	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	206	1	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	206	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-11155	206	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	206	4	some	some	DET
easat-11155	206	5	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	206	6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	206	7	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-11155	206	8	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
easat-11155	206	9	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	206	10	but	but	CCONJ
easat-11155	206	11	lacked	lack	VERB
easat-11155	206	12	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-11155	206	13	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	206	14	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	206	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	207	1	classes	class	NOUN
easat-11155	207	2	employed	employ	VERB
easat-11155	207	3	both	both	PRON
easat-11155	207	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	207	5	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	207	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	207	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	207	8	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	207	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	207	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	207	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	207	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	207	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	207	14	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	207	15	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	207	16	showing	show	VERB
easat-11155	207	17	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-11155	207	18	variations	variation	NOUN
easat-11155	207	19	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	207	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	207	21	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	207	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	207	23	these	these	DET
easat-11155	207	24	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	207	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	208	1	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-11155	208	2	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	208	3	generally	generally	ADV
easat-11155	208	4	well	well	ADV
easat-11155	208	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	208	6	structured	structure	VERB
easat-11155	208	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	208	8	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	208	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	208	10	reviewing	review	VERB
easat-11155	208	11	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-11155	208	12	material	material	NOUN
easat-11155	208	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	208	14	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	208	15	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-11155	208	16	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	208	17	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-11155	208	18	tied	tie	VERB
easat-11155	208	19	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	208	20	current	current	ADJ
easat-11155	208	21	topics	topic	NOUN
easat-11155	208	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	209	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-11155	209	2	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	209	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	209	4	there	there	PRON
easat-11155	209	5	was	be	VERB
easat-11155	209	6	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-11155	209	7	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	209	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	209	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	209	10	an	an	DET
easat-11155	209	11	observed	observed	ADJ
easat-11155	209	12	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	209	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	209	14	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	209	15	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	209	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	210	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-11155	210	2	classes	class	NOUN
easat-11155	210	3	'	'	PART
easat-11155	210	4	disciplined	discipline	VERB
easat-11155	210	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-11155	210	6	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	210	7	noted	note	VERB
easat-11155	210	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	210	9	yet	yet	CCONJ
easat-11155	210	10	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	210	11	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	210	12	could	could	AUX
easat-11155	210	13	be	be	AUX
easat-11155	210	14	improved	improve	VERB
easat-11155	210	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	211	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	211	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-11155	211	3	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-11155	211	4	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	211	5	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	211	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	211	7	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-11155	211	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	211	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	211	10	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	211	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	211	12	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	211	13	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	211	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	212	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	212	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	212	3	showed	show	VERB
easat-11155	212	4	a	a	DET
easat-11155	212	5	dramatic	dramatic	ADJ
easat-11155	212	6	85	85	NUM
easat-11155	212	7	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	212	8	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	212	9	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	212	10	the	the	DET
easat-11155	212	11	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-11155	212	12	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	212	13	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	212	14	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	212	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	212	16	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	212	17	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	212	18	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	212	19	linking	link	VERB
easat-11155	212	20	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	212	21	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	212	22	the	the	DET
easat-11155	212	23	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	212	24	's	's	PART
easat-11155	212	25	personalized	personalize	VERB
easat-11155	212	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	212	27	instant	instant	ADJ
easat-11155	212	28	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	212	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	212	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	212	31	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-11155	212	32	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	212	33	modules	module	NOUN
easat-11155	212	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	213	1	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	213	2	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	213	3	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	213	4	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	213	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
easat-11155	213	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	213	7	quizlet	quizlet	NOUN
easat-11155	213	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	213	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	213	10	kahoot	kahoot	NOUN
easat-11155	213	11	proved	prove	VERB
easat-11155	213	12	highly	highly	ADV
easat-11155	213	13	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-11155	213	14	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	213	15	improving	improve	VERB
easat-11155	213	16	tangible	tangible	ADJ
easat-11155	213	17	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	213	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	214	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	214	2	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-11155	214	3	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	214	4	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	214	5	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	214	6	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-11155	214	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	215	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	215	2	the	the	DET
easat-11155	215	3	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	215	4	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	215	5	showed	show	VERB
easat-11155	215	6	a	a	DET
easat-11155	215	7	slight	slight	ADJ
easat-11155	215	8	average	average	ADJ
easat-11155	215	9	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	215	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	215	11	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	215	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	215	13	a	a	DET
easat-11155	215	14	drop	drop	NOUN
easat-11155	215	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	215	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	215	17	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	215	18	observed	observe	VERB
easat-11155	215	19	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	215	20	one	one	NUM
easat-11155	215	21	instance	instance	NOUN
easat-11155	215	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	216	1	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	216	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-11155	216	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	216	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	216	5	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	216	6	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	216	7	shift	shift	VERB
easat-11155	216	8	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-11155	216	9	towards	towards	ADP
easat-11155	216	10	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-11155	216	11	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-11155	216	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	216	13	requiring	require	VERB
easat-11155	216	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	216	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	216	16	to	to	PART
easat-11155	216	17	actively	actively	ADV
easat-11155	216	18	work	work	VERB
easat-11155	216	19	to	to	PART
easat-11155	216	20	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-11155	216	21	a	a	DET
easat-11155	216	22	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-11155	216	23	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	216	24	community	community	NOUN
easat-11155	216	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	217	1	1313	1313	NUM
easat-11155	217	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	217	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	217	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	217	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	217	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	217	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	217	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	217	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	217	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	217	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	217	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	217	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	218	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	218	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	218	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	218	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	218	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	218	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	218	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	218	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	218	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	218	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	218	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	218	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	218	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	218	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	218	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	218	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	218	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	218	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	218	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	218	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	218	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	218	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	218	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	218	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-11155	218	26	the	the	DET
easat-11155	218	27	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	218	28	's	's	PART
easat-11155	218	29	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	218	30	evolved	evolve	VERB
easat-11155	218	31	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-11155	218	32	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	218	33	the	the	DET
easat-11155	218	34	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	218	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	218	36	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	218	37	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	218	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	218	39	shifting	shift	VERB
easat-11155	218	40	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	218	41	a	a	DET
easat-11155	218	42	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-11155	218	43	source	source	NOUN
easat-11155	218	44	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	218	45	information	information	NOUN
easat-11155	218	46	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	218	47	a	a	DET
easat-11155	218	48	facilitator	facilitator	NOUN
easat-11155	218	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	219	1	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	219	2	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	219	3	observed	observe	VERB
easat-11155	219	4	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-11155	219	5	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	219	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	219	7	troubleshooting	troubleshoot	VERB
easat-11155	219	8	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	219	9	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	219	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	220	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	220	2	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	220	3	change	change	NOUN
easat-11155	220	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	220	5	however	however	ADV
easat-11155	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	220	7	did	do	AUX
easat-11155	220	8	not	not	PART
easat-11155	220	9	negatively	negatively	ADV
easat-11155	220	10	impact	impact	VERB
easat-11155	220	11	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	220	12	scores	score	NOUN
easat-11155	220	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	220	14	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	220	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	220	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	220	17	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	220	18	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-11155	220	19	maintained	maintain	VERB
easat-11155	220	20	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	220	21	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-11155	220	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	220	23	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-11155	220	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	221	1	5	5	X
easat-11155	221	2	.	.	X
easat-11155	221	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-11155	221	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	221	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-11155	221	6	hinges	hinge	VERB
easat-11155	221	7	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	221	8	the	the	DET
easat-11155	221	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	221	10	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	221	11	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	221	12	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	221	13	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	221	14	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	221	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	221	16	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	221	17	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	221	18	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	221	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	221	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	221	21	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-11155	221	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	221	23	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	221	24	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	221	25	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	221	26	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	221	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	221	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	221	29	the	the	DET
easat-11155	221	30	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	221	31	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	221	32	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	221	33	within	within	ADP
easat-11155	221	34	the	the	DET
easat-11155	221	35	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	221	36	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	221	37	cba	cba	PROPN
easat-11155	221	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	222	1	5.1	5.1	NUM
easat-11155	222	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	222	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	222	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	222	5	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	222	6	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	222	7	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	222	8	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	222	9	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	222	10	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	222	11	secretary	secretary	NOUN
easat-11155	222	12	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	222	13	face	face	VERB
easat-11155	222	14	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-11155	222	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	222	16	intertwined	intertwine	VERB
easat-11155	222	17	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	222	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	222	19	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	222	20	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	222	21	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	222	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	222	23	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	222	24	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	222	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	222	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	222	27	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	222	28	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	222	29	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-11155	222	30	rooted	root	VERB
easat-11155	222	31	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	222	32	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-11155	222	33	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	222	34	within	within	ADP
easat-11155	222	35	the	the	DET
easat-11155	222	36	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	222	37	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	222	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	223	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	223	2	absence	absence	NOUN
easat-11155	223	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	223	4	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	223	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	223	6	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-11155	223	7	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	223	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	223	9	coupled	couple	VERB
easat-11155	223	10	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	223	11	a	a	DET
easat-11155	223	12	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-11155	223	13	authoritarian	authoritarian	ADJ
easat-11155	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	223	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	223	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	223	17	centered	center	VERB
easat-11155	223	18	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	223	19	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	223	20	style	style	NOUN
easat-11155	223	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	223	22	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	223	23	results	result	VERB
easat-11155	223	24	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	223	25	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-11155	223	26	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	223	27	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	223	28	[	[	X
easat-11155	223	29	26	26	NUM
easat-11155	223	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	223	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	224	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	224	2	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	224	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	224	4	a	a	DET
easat-11155	224	5	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-11155	224	6	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-11155	224	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	224	8	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	224	9	system	system	NOUN
easat-11155	224	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	224	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	224	12	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
easat-11155	224	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	224	14	unengaging	unengaging	ADJ
easat-11155	224	15	class	class	NOUN
easat-11155	224	16	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	224	17	further	far	ADV
easat-11155	224	18	compound	compound	VERB
easat-11155	224	19	these	these	DET
easat-11155	224	20	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	224	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	225	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	225	2	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	225	3	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	225	4	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	225	5	the	the	DET
easat-11155	225	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	225	7	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	225	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	225	9	these	these	DET
easat-11155	225	10	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-11155	225	11	impediments	impediment	NOUN
easat-11155	225	12	generate	generate	VERB
easat-11155	225	13	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	225	14	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	225	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	225	16	a	a	DET
easat-11155	225	17	sentiment	sentiment	NOUN
easat-11155	225	18	shared	share	VERB
easat-11155	225	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	225	20	80	80	NUM
easat-11155	225	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	225	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	225	23	the	the	DET
easat-11155	225	24	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	225	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	226	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	226	2	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	226	3	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	226	4	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-11155	226	5	inhibits	inhibit	VERB
easat-11155	226	6	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	226	7	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-11155	226	8	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	226	9	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	226	10	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	226	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	227	1	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	227	2	alamer	alamer	NOUN
easat-11155	227	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	227	4	almulhim	almulhim	PRON
easat-11155	228	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	228	2	27	27	NUM
easat-11155	228	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	228	4	argue	argue	PROPN
easat-11155	228	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	228	6	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	228	7	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	228	8	a	a	DET
easat-11155	228	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-11155	228	10	barrier	barrier	NOUN
easat-11155	228	11	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	228	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	228	13	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-11155	228	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	228	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	228	16	a	a	DET
easat-11155	228	17	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-11155	228	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	228	19	constructive	constructive	ADJ
easat-11155	228	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	228	21	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	228	22	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	228	23	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-11155	228	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	229	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	229	2	absence	absence	NOUN
easat-11155	229	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	229	4	such	such	DET
easat-11155	229	5	an	an	DET
easat-11155	229	6	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	229	7	leads	lead	VERB
easat-11155	229	8	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	229	9	further	further	ADJ
easat-11155	229	10	disengagement	disengagement	VERB
easat-11155	229	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	229	12	reduces	reduce	VERB
easat-11155	229	13	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-11155	229	14	for	for	SCONJ
easat-11155	229	15	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	229	16	to	to	PART
easat-11155	229	17	practice	practice	VERB
easat-11155	229	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	229	19	improve	improve	VERB
easat-11155	229	20	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	229	21	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	229	22	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	229	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	230	1	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	230	2	reported	report	VERB
easat-11155	230	3	feeling	feel	VERB
easat-11155	230	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	230	5	anxious	anxious	ADJ
easat-11155	230	6	when	when	SCONJ
easat-11155	230	7	asked	ask	VERB
easat-11155	230	8	to	to	PART
easat-11155	230	9	perform	perform	VERB
easat-11155	230	10	a	a	DET
easat-11155	230	11	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	230	12	task	task	NOUN
easat-11155	230	13	without	without	ADP
easat-11155	230	14	adequate	adequate	ADJ
easat-11155	230	15	preparation	preparation	NOUN
easat-11155	230	16	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	230	17	when	when	SCONJ
easat-11155	230	18	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	230	19	feared	fear	VERB
easat-11155	230	20	making	make	VERB
easat-11155	230	21	mistakes	mistake	NOUN
easat-11155	230	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	230	23	front	front	NOUN
easat-11155	230	24	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	230	25	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	230	26	peers	peer	NOUN
easat-11155	230	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	230	28	a	a	DET
easat-11155	230	29	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	230	30	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	230	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	231	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	231	2	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	231	3	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	231	4	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	231	5	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-11155	231	6	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	231	7	nation	nation	NOUN
easat-11155	231	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	231	9	macalister	macalister	NOUN
easat-11155	231	10	's	's	PART
easat-11155	231	11	[	[	X
easat-11155	231	12	28	28	NUM
easat-11155	231	13	]	]	X
easat-11155	231	14	work	work	NOUN
easat-11155	231	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	231	16	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	231	17	notes	note	VERB
easat-11155	231	18	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	231	19	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	231	20	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	231	21	restricted	restricted	ADJ
easat-11155	231	22	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	231	23	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	231	24	struggle	struggle	VERB
easat-11155	231	25	to	to	PART
easat-11155	231	26	articulate	articulate	VERB
easat-11155	231	27	ideas	idea	NOUN
easat-11155	231	28	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-11155	231	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	231	30	leading	lead	VERB
easat-11155	231	31	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	231	32	frequent	frequent	ADJ
easat-11155	231	33	misunderstandings	misunderstanding	NOUN
easat-11155	231	34	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	231	35	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	231	36	further	far	ADV
easat-11155	231	37	escalate	escalate	VERB
easat-11155	231	38	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	231	39	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	231	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	232	1	these	these	DET
easat-11155	232	2	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	232	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	232	4	level	level	NOUN
easat-11155	232	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	232	6	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	232	7	inextricably	inextricably	ADV
easat-11155	232	8	linked	link	VERB
easat-11155	232	9	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	232	10	the	the	DET
easat-11155	232	11	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-11155	232	12	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	232	13	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	232	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	232	15	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-11155	232	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	232	17	as	as	SCONJ
easat-11155	232	18	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-11155	232	19	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	232	20	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	232	21	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	232	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	233	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	233	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-11155	233	3	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-11155	233	4	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	233	5	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	233	6	esp	esp	PROPN
easat-11155	233	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	233	8	include	include	VERB
easat-11155	233	9	overcrowded	overcrowded	ADJ
easat-11155	233	10	classes	class	NOUN
easat-11155	233	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	233	12	a	a	DET
easat-11155	233	13	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-11155	233	14	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	233	15	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	233	16	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	233	17	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	233	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	233	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	233	20	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-11155	233	21	official	official	ADJ
easat-11155	233	22	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-11155	233	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	234	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-11155	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	234	3	the	the	DET
easat-11155	234	4	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	234	5	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	234	6	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	234	7	training	training	NOUN
easat-11155	234	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	234	9	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-11155	234	10	supervision	supervision	NOUN
easat-11155	234	11	leads	lead	VERB
easat-11155	234	12	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	234	13	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	234	14	management	management	NOUN
easat-11155	234	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	234	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	234	17	a	a	DET
easat-11155	234	18	demotivating	demotivate	VERB
easat-11155	234	19	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	234	20	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	234	21	[	[	X
easat-11155	234	22	29	29	NUM
easat-11155	234	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	234	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	235	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	235	2	nexus	nexus	NOUN
easat-11155	235	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	235	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	235	5	means	mean	VERB
easat-11155	235	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	235	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	235	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	235	9	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-11155	235	10	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	235	11	best	good	ADJ
easat-11155	235	12	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-11155	235	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	235	14	often	often	ADV
easat-11155	235	15	struggle	struggle	VERB
easat-11155	235	16	to	to	PART
easat-11155	235	17	meet	meet	VERB
easat-11155	235	18	the	the	DET
easat-11155	235	19	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	235	20	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	235	21	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	235	22	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	235	23	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	235	24	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	235	25	targeted	targeted	ADJ
easat-11155	235	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	235	27	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-11155	235	28	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	235	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	235	30	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	235	31	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	235	32	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	235	33	directly	directly	ADV
easat-11155	235	34	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-11155	235	35	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	235	36	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	235	37	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	235	38	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-11155	235	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	236	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
easat-11155	236	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	236	3	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-11155	236	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	236	5	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	236	6	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	236	7	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	236	8	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	236	9	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-11155	236	10	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	236	11	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	236	12	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	236	13	llas	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	236	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	236	15	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	236	16	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	236	17	speech	speech	NOUN
easat-11155	236	18	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-11155	236	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	236	20	instant	instant	ADJ
easat-11155	236	21	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	236	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	236	23	demonstrably	demonstrably	ADV
easat-11155	236	24	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	236	25	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	236	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	236	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	237	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	237	2	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	237	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-11155	237	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	237	5	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	237	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	237	7	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	237	8	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	237	9	like	like	ADP
easat-11155	237	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
easat-11155	237	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	237	12	quizlet	quizlet	NOUN
easat-11155	237	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	237	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	237	15	kahoot	kahoot	NOUN
easat-11155	237	16	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	237	17	highly	highly	ADV
easat-11155	237	18	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-11155	237	19	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	237	20	improving	improve	VERB
easat-11155	237	21	tangible	tangible	ADJ
easat-11155	237	22	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	237	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	238	1	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	238	2	directly	directly	ADV
easat-11155	238	3	supports	support	VERB
easat-11155	238	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	238	5	85	85	NUM
easat-11155	238	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	238	7	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	238	8	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	238	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	238	10	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-11155	238	11	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	238	12	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	238	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	238	14	presented	present	VERB
easat-11155	238	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	238	16	table	table	NOUN
easat-11155	238	17	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	238	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	238	19	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	238	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	238	21	appreciated	appreciate	VERB
easat-11155	238	22	the	the	DET
easat-11155	238	23	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-11155	238	24	to	to	PART
easat-11155	238	25	practice	practice	VERB
easat-11155	238	26	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	238	27	a	a	DET
easat-11155	238	28	private	private	ADJ
easat-11155	238	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	238	30	non	non	ADJ
easat-11155	238	31	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	238	32	judgmental	judgmental	ADJ
easat-11155	238	33	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	238	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	238	35	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	238	36	helped	help	VERB
easat-11155	238	37	them	they	PRON
easat-11155	238	38	overcome	overcome	VERB
easat-11155	238	39	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	238	40	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	238	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	239	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	239	2	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	239	3	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-11155	239	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	239	5	personalized	personalize	VERB
easat-11155	239	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	239	7	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	239	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	239	9	driven	drive	VERB
easat-11155	239	10	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	239	11	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	239	12	a	a	DET
easat-11155	239	13	powerful	powerful	ADJ
easat-11155	239	14	antidote	antidote	NOUN
easat-11155	239	15	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	239	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	239	17	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-11155	239	18	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	239	19	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-11155	239	20	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-11155	239	21	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	239	22	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	239	23	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	239	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	240	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
easat-11155	240	2	elements	element	NOUN
easat-11155	240	3	within	within	ADP
easat-11155	240	4	llas	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	240	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	240	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	240	7	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	240	8	points	point	NOUN
easat-11155	240	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	240	10	rewards	reward	NOUN
easat-11155	240	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	240	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	240	13	competitive	competitive	ADJ
easat-11155	240	14	levels	level	NOUN
easat-11155	240	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	240	16	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	240	17	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	240	18	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	240	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	241	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	241	2	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	241	3	shortt	shortt	PROPN
easat-11155	241	4	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	241	5	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	241	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	242	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	242	2	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	242	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	242	4	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-11155	242	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	242	6	gamified	gamifie	VERB
easat-11155	242	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	242	8	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	242	9	increase	increase	VERB
easat-11155	242	10	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	242	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	242	12	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	242	13	correlates	correlate	VERB
easat-11155	242	14	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	242	15	better	well	ADJ
easat-11155	242	16	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-11155	242	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	242	18	application	application	NOUN
easat-11155	242	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	242	20	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	242	21	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	242	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	243	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	243	2	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	243	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-11155	243	4	this	this	DET
easat-11155	243	5	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	243	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	243	7	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	243	8	100	100	NUM
easat-11155	243	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	243	10	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	243	11	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-11155	243	12	noting	note	VERB
easat-11155	243	13	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-11155	243	14	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	243	15	fluency	fluency	NOUN
easat-11155	243	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	243	17	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-11155	243	18	due	due	ADP
easat-11155	243	19	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	243	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	243	21	motivating	motivating	NOUN
easat-11155	243	22	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-11155	243	23	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	243	24	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	243	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	244	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	244	2	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	244	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	244	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	244	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
easat-11155	244	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	244	7	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	244	8	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	244	9	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	244	10	to	to	PART
easat-11155	244	11	guide	guide	VERB
easat-11155	244	12	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	244	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	244	14	centered	center	VERB
easat-11155	244	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	244	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	244	17	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	244	18	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
easat-11155	244	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	244	20	70	70	NUM
easat-11155	244	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	244	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	244	23	the	the	DET
easat-11155	244	24	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-11155	244	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	245	1	1314	1314	NUM
easat-11155	245	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	245	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	245	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	245	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	245	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	245	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	245	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	245	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	245	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	245	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	245	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	245	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	246	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	246	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	246	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	246	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	246	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	246	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	246	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	246	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	246	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	246	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	246	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	246	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	246	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	246	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	246	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	246	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	246	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	246	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	246	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	246	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	246	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	246	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	246	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	246	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	246	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-11155	246	26	social	social	ADJ
easat-11155	246	27	features	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	246	28	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	246	29	llas	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	246	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	246	31	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	246	32	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	246	33	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	246	34	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-11155	246	35	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
easat-11155	246	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	246	37	community	community	NOUN
easat-11155	246	38	forums	forum	NOUN
easat-11155	246	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	246	40	offer	offer	VERB
easat-11155	246	41	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	246	42	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-11155	246	43	to	to	PART
easat-11155	246	44	engage	engage	VERB
easat-11155	246	45	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	246	46	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	246	47	conversations	conversation	NOUN
easat-11155	246	48	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	246	49	native	native	ADJ
easat-11155	246	50	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-11155	246	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	247	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-11155	247	2	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	247	3	fathi	fathi	PROPN
easat-11155	247	4	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	247	5	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	247	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	248	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	248	2	31	31	NUM
easat-11155	248	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	248	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	248	5	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	248	6	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	248	7	foster	foster	ADJ
easat-11155	248	8	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
easat-11155	248	9	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	248	10	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-11155	248	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	248	12	provide	provide	VERB
easat-11155	248	13	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-11155	248	14	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	248	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	248	16	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	248	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	248	18	life	life	NOUN
easat-11155	248	19	conversational	conversational	ADJ
easat-11155	248	20	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-11155	248	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	249	1	engaging	engage	VERB
easat-11155	249	2	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	249	3	a	a	DET
easat-11155	249	4	global	global	ADJ
easat-11155	249	5	community	community	NOUN
easat-11155	249	6	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	249	7	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	249	8	helps	help	VERB
easat-11155	249	9	users	user	NOUN
easat-11155	249	10	develop	develop	VERB
easat-11155	249	11	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	249	12	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	249	13	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	249	14	broadening	broaden	VERB
easat-11155	249	15	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	249	16	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-11155	249	17	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	249	18	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-11155	249	19	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-11155	249	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	249	21	conversational	conversational	ADJ
easat-11155	249	22	nuances	nuance	NOUN
easat-11155	249	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	250	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
easat-11155	250	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	250	3	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	250	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	250	5	lla	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	250	6	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	250	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	250	8	context	context	NOUN
easat-11155	250	9	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	250	10	cba	cba	PROPN
easat-11155	250	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	250	12	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-11155	250	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	250	14	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	250	15	into	into	ADP
easat-11155	250	16	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	250	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	250	18	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	250	19	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	250	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	250	21	cba	cba	PROPN
easat-11155	250	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	250	23	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-11155	250	24	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	250	25	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-11155	250	26	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	250	27	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	250	28	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	250	29	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	250	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	251	1	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	251	2	offer	offer	VERB
easat-11155	251	3	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-11155	251	4	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	251	5	paths	path	NOUN
easat-11155	251	6	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	251	7	align	align	VERB
easat-11155	251	8	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	251	9	cba	cba	NOUN
easat-11155	251	10	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-11155	251	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	251	12	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-11155	251	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	251	14	to	to	PART
easat-11155	251	15	progress	progress	VERB
easat-11155	251	16	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	251	17	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	251	18	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-11155	251	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	251	20	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	251	21	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	251	22	rather	rather	ADV
easat-11155	251	23	than	than	ADP
easat-11155	251	24	a	a	DET
easat-11155	251	25	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-11155	251	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-11155	251	27	[	[	X
easat-11155	251	28	32	32	NUM
easat-11155	251	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	251	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	252	1	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	252	2	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
easat-11155	252	3	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	252	4	embedded	embed	VERB
easat-11155	252	5	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	252	6	these	these	DET
easat-11155	252	7	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	252	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	252	9	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-11155	252	10	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	252	11	tailor	tailor	VERB
easat-11155	252	12	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	252	13	to	to	PART
easat-11155	252	14	meet	meet	VERB
easat-11155	252	15	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-11155	252	16	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	252	17	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	252	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	252	19	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	252	20	a	a	DET
easat-11155	252	21	more	more	ADV
easat-11155	252	22	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-11155	252	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	252	24	targeted	target	VERB
easat-11155	252	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	252	26	process	process	NOUN
easat-11155	252	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	253	1	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-11155	253	2	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	253	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	253	4	a	a	DET
easat-11155	253	5	core	core	NOUN
easat-11155	253	6	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	253	7	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	253	8	most	most	ADJ
easat-11155	253	9	llas	lla	NOUN
easat-11155	253	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	253	11	aligns	align	VERB
easat-11155	253	12	perfectly	perfectly	ADV
easat-11155	253	13	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	253	14	cba	cba	PROPN
easat-11155	253	15	's	's	PART
easat-11155	253	16	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
easat-11155	253	17	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	253	18	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-11155	253	19	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	253	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	253	21	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	253	22	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-11155	253	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	254	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-11155	254	2	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	254	3	li	li	PROPN
easat-11155	254	4	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	254	5	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	254	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	255	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	255	2	33	33	NUM
easat-11155	255	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	255	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	255	5	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-11155	255	6	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	255	7	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	255	8	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-11155	255	9	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	255	10	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
easat-11155	255	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	255	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	255	13	helping	help	VERB
easat-11155	255	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	255	15	correct	correct	VERB
easat-11155	255	16	errors	error	NOUN
easat-11155	255	17	before	before	SCONJ
easat-11155	255	18	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	255	19	become	become	AUX
easat-11155	255	20	ingrained	ingrain	VERB
easat-11155	255	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	256	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	256	2	type	type	NOUN
easat-11155	256	3	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	256	4	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	256	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	256	6	time	time	NOUN
easat-11155	256	7	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	256	8	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	256	9	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-11155	256	10	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	256	11	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	256	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	256	13	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	256	14	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	256	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	256	16	where	where	SCONJ
easat-11155	256	17	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	256	18	need	need	VERB
easat-11155	256	19	to	to	PART
easat-11155	256	20	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	256	21	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-11155	256	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	256	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	256	24	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	256	25	before	before	ADP
easat-11155	256	26	advancing	advance	VERB
easat-11155	256	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	257	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-11155	257	2	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	257	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-11155	257	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	257	5	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-11155	257	6	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	257	7	this	this	DET
easat-11155	257	8	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	257	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	257	10	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	257	11	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-11155	257	12	acknowledging	acknowledge	VERB
easat-11155	257	13	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	257	14	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	257	15	foster	foster	PROPN
easat-11155	257	16	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	257	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	257	18	regulated	regulate	VERB
easat-11155	257	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	257	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	257	21	allow	allow	VERB
easat-11155	257	22	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	257	23	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-11155	257	24	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	257	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	258	1	this	this	PRON
easat-11155	258	2	aligns	align	VERB
easat-11155	258	3	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	258	4	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	258	5	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	258	6	fathi	fathi	PROPN
easat-11155	258	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-11155	258	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-11155	258	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	259	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	259	2	34	34	NUM
easat-11155	259	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	259	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	259	5	who	who	PRON
easat-11155	259	6	argue	argue	VERB
easat-11155	259	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	259	8	formative	formative	ADJ
easat-11155	259	9	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	259	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	259	11	when	when	SCONJ
easat-11155	259	12	paired	pair	VERB
easat-11155	259	13	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	259	14	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-11155	259	15	tracking	tracking	NOUN
easat-11155	259	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	259	17	leads	lead	VERB
easat-11155	259	18	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	259	19	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-11155	259	20	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	259	21	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	259	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	259	23	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	259	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	259	25	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	259	26	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	259	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	260	1	llas	llas	PROPN
easat-11155	260	2	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	260	3	allow	allow	VERB
easat-11155	260	4	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	260	5	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-11155	260	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	260	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	260	8	complementing	complement	VERB
easat-11155	260	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	260	10	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	260	11	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	260	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	261	1	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	261	2	can	can	AUX
easat-11155	261	3	engage	engage	VERB
easat-11155	261	4	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	261	5	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	261	6	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	261	7	outside	outside	ADP
easat-11155	261	8	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	261	9	class	class	NOUN
easat-11155	261	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	261	11	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	261	12	supports	support	VERB
easat-11155	261	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	261	14	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	261	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	261	16	paced	pace	VERB
easat-11155	261	17	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-11155	261	18	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	261	19	cba	cba	PROPN
easat-11155	261	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	262	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	262	2	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
easat-11155	262	3	has	have	AUX
easat-11155	262	4	been	be	AUX
easat-11155	262	5	shown	show	VERB
easat-11155	262	6	to	to	PART
easat-11155	262	7	increase	increase	VERB
easat-11155	262	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	262	9	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-11155	262	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	262	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	262	12	[	[	X
easat-11155	262	13	35	35	NUM
easat-11155	262	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	262	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	263	1	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-11155	263	2	the	the	DET
easat-11155	263	3	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-11155	263	4	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	263	5	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	263	6	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	263	7	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	263	8	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	263	9	ltp	ltp	PROPN
easat-11155	263	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	263	11	pn	pn	ADJ
easat-11155	263	12	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	263	13	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	263	14	'	'	PART
easat-11155	263	15	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	263	16	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	263	17	requires	require	VERB
easat-11155	263	18	a	a	DET
easat-11155	263	19	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-11155	263	20	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	263	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	264	1	begin	begin	VERB
easat-11155	264	2	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	264	3	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-11155	264	4	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-11155	264	5	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	264	6	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-11155	264	7	tailored	tailor	VERB
easat-11155	264	8	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	264	9	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	264	10	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	264	11	needs	need	NOUN
easat-11155	264	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	264	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	264	14	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	264	15	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	264	16	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	264	17	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	264	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	264	19	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	264	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	265	1	select	select	ADJ
easat-11155	265	2	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	265	3	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	265	4	align	align	VERB
easat-11155	265	5	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	265	6	these	these	DET
easat-11155	265	7	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-11155	265	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	265	9	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-11155	265	10	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	265	11	those	those	PRON
easat-11155	265	12	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	265	13	offer	offer	VERB
easat-11155	265	14	modules	module	NOUN
easat-11155	265	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	265	16	content	content	NOUN
easat-11155	265	17	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-11155	265	18	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	265	19	business	business	NOUN
easat-11155	265	20	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	265	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	265	22	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	265	23	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	265	24	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	265	25	secretarial	secretarial	ADJ
easat-11155	265	26	roles	role	NOUN
easat-11155	265	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	265	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	265	29	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-11155	265	30	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-11155	265	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	265	32	writing	write	VERB
easat-11155	265	33	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-11155	265	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	266	1	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	266	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-11155	266	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	266	4	conduct	conduct	VERB
easat-11155	266	5	baseline	baseline	NOUN
easat-11155	266	6	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	266	7	to	to	PART
easat-11155	266	8	gauge	gauge	VERB
easat-11155	266	9	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	266	10	'	'	PART
easat-11155	266	11	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-11155	266	12	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	266	13	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-11155	266	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	267	1	monitor	monitor	VERB
easat-11155	267	2	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	267	3	app	app	NOUN
easat-11155	267	4	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-11155	267	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	267	6	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	267	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	267	8	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-11155	267	9	formative	formative	ADJ
easat-11155	267	10	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	267	11	like	like	ADP
easat-11155	267	12	quizzes	quiz	NOUN
easat-11155	267	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	267	14	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	267	15	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-11155	267	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	267	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	267	18	writing	write	VERB
easat-11155	267	19	assignments	assignment	NOUN
easat-11155	267	20	to	to	PART
easat-11155	267	21	track	track	VERB
easat-11155	267	22	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-11155	267	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	268	1	collect	collect	VERB
easat-11155	268	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	268	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	268	4	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	268	5	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	268	6	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-11155	268	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	268	8	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	268	9	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	268	10	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	268	11	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-11155	268	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	268	13	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	268	14	reflections	reflection	NOUN
easat-11155	268	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	269	1	adjust	adjust	VERB
easat-11155	269	2	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	269	3	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-11155	269	4	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	269	5	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	269	6	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	269	7	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	269	8	to	to	PART
easat-11155	269	9	optimize	optimize	VERB
easat-11155	269	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	269	11	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	269	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	269	13	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	269	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	269	15	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	269	16	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-11155	269	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	269	18	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	269	19	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	269	20	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	269	21	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	269	22	real	real	ADJ
easat-11155	269	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	269	24	world	world	NOUN
easat-11155	269	25	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-11155	269	26	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-11155	269	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	270	1	here	here	ADV
easat-11155	270	2	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	270	3	some	some	DET
easat-11155	270	4	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
easat-11155	270	5	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	270	6	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	270	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	270	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	270	9	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	270	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	270	11	should	should	AUX
easat-11155	270	12	use	use	VERB
easat-11155	270	13	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	270	14	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	270	15	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	270	16	to	to	PART
easat-11155	270	17	prepare	prepare	VERB
easat-11155	270	18	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	270	19	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	270	20	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-11155	270	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	271	1	•	•	ADV
easat-11155	271	2	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	271	3	should	should	AUX
easat-11155	271	4	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-11155	271	5	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	271	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	271	7	to	to	PART
easat-11155	271	8	be	be	AUX
easat-11155	271	9	exposed	expose	VERB
easat-11155	271	10	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	271	11	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-11155	271	12	ways	way	NOUN
easat-11155	271	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	271	14	developing	develop	VERB
easat-11155	271	15	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-11155	271	16	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	271	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	272	1	•	•	ADV
easat-11155	272	2	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	272	3	should	should	AUX
easat-11155	272	4	exploit	exploit	VERB
easat-11155	272	5	videos	video	NOUN
easat-11155	272	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	272	7	audio	audio	NOUN
easat-11155	272	8	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	272	9	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	272	10	courses	course	NOUN
easat-11155	272	11	to	to	PART
easat-11155	272	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	272	13	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	272	14	’	'	PUNCT
easat-11155	272	15	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	272	16	to	to	PART
easat-11155	272	17	speak	speak	VERB
easat-11155	272	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	273	1	•	•	NUM
easat-11155	273	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	273	3	should	should	AUX
easat-11155	273	4	advise	advise	VERB
easat-11155	273	5	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	273	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	273	7	to	to	PART
easat-11155	273	8	communicate	communicate	VERB
easat-11155	273	9	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	273	10	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	273	11	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	273	12	all	all	DET
easat-11155	273	13	times	time	NOUN
easat-11155	273	14	to	to	PART
easat-11155	273	15	improve	improve	VERB
easat-11155	273	16	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	273	17	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-11155	273	18	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	273	19	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	273	20	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	273	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	274	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	274	2	should	should	AUX
easat-11155	274	3	guide	guide	VERB
easat-11155	274	4	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	274	5	students	student	NOUN
easat-11155	274	6	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	274	7	how	how	SCONJ
easat-11155	274	8	to	to	PART
easat-11155	274	9	use	use	VERB
easat-11155	274	10	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	274	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	274	12	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	274	13	to	to	PART
easat-11155	274	14	improve	improve	VERB
easat-11155	274	15	their	their	PRON
easat-11155	274	16	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-11155	274	17	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	274	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	275	1	1315	1315	NUM
easat-11155	275	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	275	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	275	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	275	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	275	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	275	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	275	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	275	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	275	10	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	275	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	275	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	275	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	276	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	276	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	276	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	276	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	276	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	276	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	276	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	276	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	276	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	276	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	276	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	276	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	276	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	276	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	276	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	276	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	276	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	276	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	276	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	276	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	276	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	276	26	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	276	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	28	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-11155	276	29	the	the	DET
easat-11155	276	30	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	276	31	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-11155	276	32	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	276	33	porto	porto	PROPN
easat-11155	276	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	35	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	276	36	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	276	37	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	276	38	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	276	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	40	lt	lt	PROPN
easat-11155	276	41	/	/	SYM
easat-11155	276	42	pn	pn	NOUN
easat-11155	276	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	44	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-11155	276	45	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	276	46	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	276	47	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	276	48	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	276	49	other	other	ADJ
easat-11155	276	50	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	276	51	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	276	52	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	276	53	provide	provide	VERB
easat-11155	276	54	a	a	DET
easat-11155	276	55	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-11155	276	56	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	276	57	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	276	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	59	they	they	PRON
easat-11155	276	60	are	be	AUX
easat-11155	276	61	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-11155	276	62	to	to	PART
easat-11155	276	63	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-11155	276	64	produce	produce	VERB
easat-11155	276	65	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	276	66	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	276	67	level	level	NOUN
easat-11155	276	68	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	276	69	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	277	1	a	a	DET
easat-11155	277	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-11155	277	3	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-11155	277	4	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	277	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	277	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	277	7	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	277	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	277	9	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	277	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	277	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	277	12	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	277	13	a	a	DET
easat-11155	277	14	powerful	powerful	ADJ
easat-11155	277	15	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	277	16	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	277	17	improving	improve	VERB
easat-11155	277	18	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	277	19	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-11155	277	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	277	21	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-11155	277	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	277	23	boosting	boost	VERB
easat-11155	277	24	tangible	tangible	ADJ
easat-11155	277	25	learning	learn	VERB
easat-11155	277	26	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	277	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	278	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	278	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-11155	278	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-11155	278	4	showed	show	VERB
easat-11155	278	5	a	a	DET
easat-11155	278	6	dramatic	dramatic	ADJ
easat-11155	278	7	85	85	NUM
easat-11155	278	8	%	%	NOUN
easat-11155	278	9	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-11155	278	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	278	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	278	12	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-11155	278	13	score	score	NOUN
easat-11155	278	14	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	278	15	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-11155	278	16	when	when	SCONJ
easat-11155	278	17	the	the	DET
easat-11155	278	18	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	278	19	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	278	20	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	278	21	used	use	VERB
easat-11155	278	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	278	23	a	a	DET
easat-11155	278	24	result	result	NOUN
easat-11155	278	25	that	that	PRON
easat-11155	278	26	stands	stand	VERB
easat-11155	278	27	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	278	28	stark	stark	ADJ
easat-11155	278	29	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-11155	278	30	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	278	31	the	the	DET
easat-11155	278	32	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	278	33	observed	observe	VERB
easat-11155	278	34	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	278	35	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	278	36	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	278	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	278	38	such	such	ADJ
easat-11155	278	39	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	278	40	a	a	DET
easat-11155	278	41	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-11155	278	42	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	278	43	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	278	44	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	278	45	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	278	46	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-11155	278	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	279	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	279	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-11155	279	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	279	4	confirmed	confirm	VERB
easat-11155	279	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	279	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	279	7	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-11155	279	8	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	279	9	addressed	address	VERB
easat-11155	279	10	these	these	DET
easat-11155	279	11	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	279	12	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	279	13	providing	provide	VERB
easat-11155	279	14	personalized	personalize	VERB
easat-11155	279	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	279	16	instant	instant	ADJ
easat-11155	279	17	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	279	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	279	19	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-11155	279	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	279	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-11155	279	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	279	23	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	279	24	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-11155	279	25	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	279	26	struggled	struggle	VERB
easat-11155	279	27	to	to	PART
easat-11155	279	28	deliver	deliver	VERB
easat-11155	279	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	280	1	the	the	DET
easat-11155	280	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	280	3	also	also	ADV
easat-11155	280	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-11155	280	5	a	a	DET
easat-11155	280	6	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-11155	280	7	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-11155	280	8	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	280	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	280	10	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	280	11	's	's	PART
easat-11155	280	12	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	280	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	280	14	which	which	PRON
easat-11155	280	15	evolved	evolve	VERB
easat-11155	280	16	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	280	17	a	a	DET
easat-11155	280	18	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-11155	280	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-11155	280	20	provider	provider	NOUN
easat-11155	280	21	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	280	22	a	a	DET
easat-11155	280	23	facilitator	facilitator	NOUN
easat-11155	280	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	281	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-11155	281	2	this	this	DET
easat-11155	281	3	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-11155	281	4	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	281	5	managed	manage	VERB
easat-11155	281	6	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-11155	281	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	281	8	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	281	9	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-11155	281	10	the	the	DET
easat-11155	281	11	need	need	NOUN
easat-11155	281	12	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	281	13	careful	careful	ADJ
easat-11155	281	14	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-11155	281	15	to	to	PART
easat-11155	281	16	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-11155	281	17	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	281	18	ai	ai	VERB
easat-11155	281	19	complements	complement	NOUN
easat-11155	281	20	rather	rather	ADV
easat-11155	281	21	than	than	ADP
easat-11155	281	22	detracts	detract	VERB
easat-11155	281	23	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	281	24	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-11155	281	25	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	281	26	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-11155	281	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	281	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	281	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	282	1	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	282	2	essence	essence	NOUN
easat-11155	282	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	282	4	the	the	DET
easat-11155	282	5	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-11155	282	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	282	7	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	282	8	method	method	NOUN
easat-11155	282	9	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	282	10	not	not	PART
easat-11155	282	11	a	a	DET
easat-11155	282	12	complete	complete	ADJ
easat-11155	282	13	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-11155	282	14	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	282	15	its	its	PRON
easat-11155	282	16	own	own	ADJ
easat-11155	282	17	but	but	CCONJ
easat-11155	282	18	when	when	SCONJ
easat-11155	282	19	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	282	20	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-11155	282	21	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	282	22	a	a	DET
easat-11155	282	23	skilled	skilled	ADJ
easat-11155	282	24	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	282	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	282	26	it	it	PRON
easat-11155	282	27	becomes	become	VERB
easat-11155	282	28	a	a	DET
easat-11155	282	29	highly	highly	ADV
easat-11155	282	30	impactful	impactful	ADJ
easat-11155	282	31	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	282	32	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	282	33	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	282	34	student	student	NOUN
easat-11155	282	35	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	282	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	282	37	addressing	address	VERB
easat-11155	282	38	key	key	ADJ
easat-11155	282	39	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	282	40	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	282	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	283	1	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-11155	283	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	283	3	this	this	DET
easat-11155	283	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	283	5	received	receive	VERB
easat-11155	283	6	no	no	DET
easat-11155	283	7	external	external	ADJ
easat-11155	283	8	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-11155	283	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	284	1	all	all	DET
easat-11155	284	2	expenses	expense	NOUN
easat-11155	284	3	were	be	AUX
easat-11155	284	4	covered	cover	VERB
easat-11155	284	5	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	284	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	284	7	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	284	8	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	284	9	part	part	NOUN
easat-11155	284	10	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	284	11	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-11155	284	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-11155	284	13	work	work	NOUN
easat-11155	284	14	at	at	ADP
easat-11155	284	15	the	the	DET
easat-11155	284	16	university	university	NOUN
easat-11155	284	17	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	284	18	abomey	abomey	NOUN
easat-11155	284	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	284	20	calavi	calavi	NOUN
easat-11155	284	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	285	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-11155	285	2	review	review	PROPN
easat-11155	285	3	board	board	NOUN
easat-11155	285	4	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-11155	285	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	285	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	285	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	285	8	complied	comply	VERB
easat-11155	285	9	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	285	10	the	the	DET
easat-11155	285	11	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-11155	285	12	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-11155	285	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	285	14	the	the	DET
easat-11155	285	15	university	university	NOUN
easat-11155	285	16	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	285	17	abomey	abomey	NOUN
easat-11155	285	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	285	19	calavi	calavi	ADJ
easat-11155	285	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	285	21	uac	uac	NOUN
easat-11155	285	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	285	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	285	24	benin	benin	PROPN
easat-11155	285	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	286	1	administrative	administrative	ADJ
easat-11155	286	2	authorization	authorization	NOUN
easat-11155	286	3	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	286	4	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-11155	286	5	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	286	6	porto	porto	NOUN
easat-11155	286	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	286	8	novo	novo	NOUN
easat-11155	286	9	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	286	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	286	11	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	286	12	high	high	ADJ
easat-11155	286	13	school	school	NOUN
easat-11155	286	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	286	15	ltp	ltp	NOUN
easat-11155	286	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	286	17	pn	pn	PROPN
easat-11155	286	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	286	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	286	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	286	21	informed	inform	VERB
easat-11155	286	22	consent	consent	NOUN
easat-11155	286	23	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	286	24	secured	secure	VERB
easat-11155	286	25	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	286	26	all	all	DET
easat-11155	286	27	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-11155	286	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	287	1	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-11155	287	2	irb	irb	NOUN
easat-11155	287	3	approval	approval	NOUN
easat-11155	287	4	was	be	AUX
easat-11155	287	5	not	not	PART
easat-11155	287	6	required	require	VERB
easat-11155	287	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	287	8	as	as	SCONJ
easat-11155	287	9	the	the	DET
easat-11155	287	10	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	287	11	involved	involve	VERB
easat-11155	287	12	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-11155	287	13	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	287	14	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	287	15	with	with	ADP
easat-11155	287	16	minimal	minimal	ADJ
easat-11155	287	17	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-11155	287	18	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	287	19	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-11155	287	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	288	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-11155	288	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	288	3	the	the	DET
easat-11155	288	4	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	288	5	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-11155	288	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	288	7	the	the	DET
easat-11155	288	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-11155	288	9	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	288	10	an	an	DET
easat-11155	288	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-11155	288	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	288	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-11155	288	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	288	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	288	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-11155	288	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-11155	288	18	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	288	19	the	the	DET
easat-11155	288	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	288	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	288	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	288	23	no	no	DET
easat-11155	288	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-11155	288	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-11155	288	26	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	288	27	the	the	DET
easat-11155	288	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	288	29	have	have	AUX
easat-11155	288	30	been	be	AUX
easat-11155	288	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-11155	288	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	288	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	288	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-11155	288	35	any	any	DET
easat-11155	288	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-11155	288	37	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	288	38	the	the	DET
easat-11155	288	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	288	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-11155	288	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-11155	288	42	have	have	AUX
easat-11155	288	43	been	be	AUX
easat-11155	288	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-11155	288	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	289	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	289	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	289	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-11155	289	4	all	all	DET
easat-11155	289	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-11155	289	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	289	7	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	289	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-11155	289	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	290	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-11155	290	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	290	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-11155	290	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	290	5	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	290	6	the	the	DET
easat-11155	290	7	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	290	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	291	1	this	this	DET
easat-11155	291	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-11155	291	3	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	291	4	an	an	DET
easat-11155	291	5	open	open	ADJ
easat-11155	291	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	291	7	access	access	NOUN
easat-11155	291	8	article	article	NOUN
easat-11155	291	9	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-11155	291	10	under	under	ADP
easat-11155	291	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	291	12	terms	term	NOUN
easat-11155	291	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	291	14	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-11155	291	15	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	291	16	the	the	DET
easat-11155	291	17	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-11155	291	18	commons	common	NOUN
easat-11155	291	19	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-11155	291	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	291	21	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-11155	291	22	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	291	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	291	24	license	license	NOUN
easat-11155	291	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	291	26	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-11155	291	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	291	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-11155	292	2	[	[	X
easat-11155	292	3	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	292	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	292	6	van	van	PROPN
easat-11155	292	7	diggelen	diggelen	PROPN
easat-11155	292	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	9	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-11155	292	10	van	van	PROPN
easat-11155	292	11	diggelen	diggelen	PROPN
easat-11155	292	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	292	14	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	292	15	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	292	16	de	de	PROPN
easat-11155	292	17	jong	jong	PROPN
easat-11155	292	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	20	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	292	21	map	map	NOUN
easat-11155	292	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	23	m.r	m.r	PROPN
easat-11155	292	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	292	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	26	migchiel	migchiel	NOUN
easat-11155	292	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	292	28	van	van	PROPN
easat-11155	292	29	diggelen	diggelen	PROPN
easat-11155	292	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	293	1	centre	centre	PROPN
easat-11155	293	2	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	293	3	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-11155	293	4	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	293	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	293	6	eindhoven	eindhoven	PROPN
easat-11155	293	7	univ	univ	PROPN
easat-11155	293	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	294	1	technol	technol	PROPN
easat-11155	294	2	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	294	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	294	4	eindhoven	eindhoven	PROPN
easat-11155	294	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	294	6	netherlands	netherlands	PROPN
easat-11155	294	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	294	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	294	9	2015	2015	NUM
easat-11155	294	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	295	1	https://www.4tu.nl/cee/innovation/community/12956/m.r.-migchiel-van-diggelen	https://www.4tu.nl/cee/innovation/community/12956/m.r.-migchiel-van-diggelen	X
easat-11155	296	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	296	2	2	2	X
easat-11155	296	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-11155	296	5	dimitriadou	dimitriadou	PROPN
easat-11155	296	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	296	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	296	8	lanitis	lanitis	NOUN
easat-11155	296	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	11	a	a	DET
easat-11155	296	12	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-11155	296	13	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-11155	296	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	296	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	296	18	future	future	ADJ
easat-11155	296	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-11155	296	20	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	296	21	using	use	VERB
easat-11155	296	22	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	296	23	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	296	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	296	25	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-11155	296	26	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	296	27	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	296	28	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-11155	296	29	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-11155	296	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	32	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-11155	296	33	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	296	34	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-11155	296	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	296	36	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	296	37	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	297	1	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	297	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	297	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	297	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	297	5	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	297	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	297	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	297	8	12	12	NUM
easat-11155	297	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	297	10	2023	2023	NUM
easat-11155	297	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	298	1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3	NUM
easat-11155	299	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	299	2	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	299	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	299	5	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	6	soomro	soomro	PROPN
easat-11155	299	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	8	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	9	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	10	siming	siming	PROPN
easat-11155	299	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	12	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	13	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	14	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	15	shah	shah	PROPN
easat-11155	299	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	17	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	299	18	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	19	rajper	rajper	PROPN
easat-11155	299	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	21	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	22	naz	naz	PROPN
easat-11155	299	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	299	25	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	299	26	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	299	27	channa	channa	NOUN
easat-11155	299	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	30	an	an	DET
easat-11155	299	31	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-11155	299	32	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	299	33	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	299	34	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-11155	299	35	during	during	ADP
easat-11155	299	36	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	299	37	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-11155	299	38	presentation	presentation	NOUN
easat-11155	299	39	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	299	40	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	299	41	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-11155	299	42	undergraduates	undergraduate	NOUN
easat-11155	299	43	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	299	44	pakistan	pakistan	PROPN
easat-11155	299	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	46	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	47	international	international	ADJ
easat-11155	299	48	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	299	49	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	299	50	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	299	51	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
easat-11155	299	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	53	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	299	54	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	299	55	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	299	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	57	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	299	58	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	299	59	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	299	60	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	61	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	299	62	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	63	203	203	NUM
easat-11155	299	64	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	299	65	210	210	NUM
easat-11155	299	66	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	299	67	2019	2019	NUM
easat-11155	299	68	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	300	1	https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p203	https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p203	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	301	2	4	4	NUM
easat-11155	301	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	301	5	hashemi	hashemi	NOUN
easat-11155	301	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	8	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	301	9	stress	stress	NOUN
easat-11155	301	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	301	11	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	301	12	among	among	ADP
easat-11155	301	13	the	the	DET
easat-11155	301	14	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	301	15	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	301	16	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	301	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	19	procedia	procedia	NOUN
easat-11155	301	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	21	social	social	ADJ
easat-11155	301	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	301	23	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
easat-11155	301	24	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-11155	301	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	301	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	301	28	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	301	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	30	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	301	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	32	1811	1811	NUM
easat-11155	301	33	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	301	34	1816	1816	NUM
easat-11155	301	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	301	36	2011	2011	NUM
easat-11155	301	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	302	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.349	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.349	PROPN
easat-11155	302	2	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-11155	302	3	https://www.4tu.nl/cee/innovation/community/12956/m.r.-migchiel-van-diggelen	https://www.4tu.nl/cee/innovation/community/12956/m.r.-migchiel-van-diggelen	X
easat-11155	302	4	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3	NUM
easat-11155	302	5	https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p203	https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n3p203	NUM
easat-11155	302	6	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.349	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.349	PROPN
easat-11155	302	7	1316	1316	NUM
easat-11155	302	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	302	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	302	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	302	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	302	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	302	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	302	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	302	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	302	16	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	302	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	302	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	302	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	303	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	303	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	303	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	303	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	303	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	303	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	303	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	303	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	303	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	303	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	303	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	303	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	303	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	303	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	303	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	303	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	303	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	303	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	303	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	303	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	303	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	303	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	303	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	303	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	304	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	304	2	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	304	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	304	5	albogami	albogami	PROPN
easat-11155	304	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	304	7	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-11155	304	8	algethami	algethami	PROPN
easat-11155	304	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	11	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-11155	304	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	304	13	use	use	NOUN
easat-11155	304	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	304	15	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
easat-11155	304	16	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	304	17	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	304	18	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	304	19	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	304	20	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	304	21	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	304	22	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	304	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	24	a	a	DET
easat-11155	304	25	case	case	NOUN
easat-11155	304	26	study	study	NOUN
easat-11155	304	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	29	arab	arab	ADJ
easat-11155	304	30	world	world	PROPN
easat-11155	304	31	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	304	32	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-11155	304	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	34	awej	awej	ADV
easat-11155	304	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	37	2nd	2nd	ADJ
easat-11155	304	38	special	special	ADJ
easat-11155	304	39	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	304	40	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	304	41	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
easat-11155	304	42	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	304	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	44	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	304	45	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	304	46	13	13	NUM
easat-11155	304	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	48	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	304	49	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	304	50	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	304	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	52	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	304	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	54	183	183	NUM
easat-11155	304	55	–	–	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	56	201	201	NUM
easat-11155	304	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	304	58	2022	2022	NUM
easat-11155	304	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	305	1	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/covid2.12	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/covid2.12	X
easat-11155	305	2	[	[	X
easat-11155	305	3	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	305	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	305	5	j.-b	j.-b	PROPN
easat-11155	305	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	1	son	son	PROPN
easat-11155	306	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	3	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-11155	306	4	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-11155	306	5	ružić	ružić	PROPN
easat-11155	306	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	306	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	306	9	philpott	philpott	PROPN
easat-11155	306	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	12	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	306	13	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	306	14	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	306	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	306	16	applications	application	NOUN
easat-11155	306	17	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	306	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	306	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	306	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	306	21	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	306	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	24	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	306	25	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	306	26	china	china	PROPN
easat-11155	306	27	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	306	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	29	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-11155	306	30	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	306	31	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	306	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	306	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	306	35	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	306	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	306	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	306	39	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	306	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	306	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	306	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	307	1	94–112	94–112	NUM
easat-11155	307	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	307	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	307	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	307	5	https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2023-0015	https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2023-0015	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	308	2	7	7	X
easat-11155	308	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	308	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	308	5	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-11155	308	6	woo	woo	PROPN
easat-11155	308	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	308	8	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-11155	308	9	choi	choi	PROPN
easat-11155	308	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	12	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-11155	308	13	review	review	NOUN
easat-11155	308	14	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	308	15	ai	ai	ADV
easat-11155	308	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	17	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	308	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	308	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	308	20	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-11155	308	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	23	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	308	24	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	308	25	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	308	26	contents	content	NOUN
easat-11155	308	27	society	society	NOUN
easat-11155	308	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	308	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	308	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	309	1	22	22	NUM
easat-11155	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	309	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	309	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	309	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	309	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	309	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	309	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	310	1	1783–1792	1783–1792	NUM
easat-11155	310	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	310	3	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	310	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	311	1	https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2021.22.11.1783	https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2021.22.11.1783	NOUN
easat-11155	312	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	312	2	8	8	NUM
easat-11155	312	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	312	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-11155	312	5	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-11155	312	6	işık	işık	PROPN
easat-11155	312	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	312	8	taş	taş	NOUN
easat-11155	312	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	312	10	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-11155	312	11	kenny	kenny	PROPN
easat-11155	312	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	312	13	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	312	14	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	312	15	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	312	16	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	312	17	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	312	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	312	19	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	312	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	312	21	current	current	ADJ
easat-11155	312	22	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	312	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	312	24	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	312	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	312	26	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	312	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	313	1	cham	cham	PROPN
easat-11155	313	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	313	3	switzerland	switzerland	PROPN
easat-11155	313	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	313	5	palgrave	palgrave	PROPN
easat-11155	313	6	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
easat-11155	313	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	313	8	2020	2020	NUM
easat-11155	313	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	314	2	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	314	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	4	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-11155	314	5	hyland	hyland	PROPN
easat-11155	314	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	314	7	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-11155	314	8	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-11155	314	9	jiang	jiang	PROPN
easat-11155	314	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	12	delivering	deliver	VERB
easat-11155	314	13	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-11155	314	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	15	the	the	DET
easat-11155	314	16	emergence	emergence	NOUN
easat-11155	314	17	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	314	18	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	314	19	as	as	ADP
easat-11155	314	20	a	a	DET
easat-11155	314	21	discipline	discipline	NOUN
easat-11155	314	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	24	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	314	25	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	314	26	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	314	27	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	314	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	314	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	314	31	64	64	NUM
easat-11155	314	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	314	33	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	314	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	315	1	13	13	NUM
easat-11155	315	2	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	315	3	25	25	NUM
easat-11155	315	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	315	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	315	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	316	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.06.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.06.002	PRON
easat-11155	317	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	317	2	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	317	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	317	4	h.	h.	NOUN
easat-11155	317	5	basturkmen	basturkman	NOUN
easat-11155	317	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	317	7	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	317	8	bocanegra	bocanegra	PROPN
easat-11155	317	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	10	valle	valle	NOUN
easat-11155	317	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	12	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	317	13	design	design	NOUN
easat-11155	317	14	processes	process	NOUN
easat-11155	317	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	16	beliefs	belief	NOUN
easat-11155	317	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	317	18	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	317	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	317	20	experienced	experienced	ADJ
easat-11155	317	21	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	317	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	317	23	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	317	24	university	university	NOUN
easat-11155	317	25	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-11155	317	26	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	317	27	spain	spain	PROPN
easat-11155	317	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	29	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	317	30	key	key	ADJ
easat-11155	317	31	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-11155	317	32	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	317	33	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	317	34	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	317	35	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	317	36	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	317	37	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	317	38	higher	high	ADJ
easat-11155	317	39	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	317	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	41	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-11155	317	42	kırkgöz	kırkgöz	PROPN
easat-11155	317	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	317	44	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-11155	317	45	dikilitaş	dikilitaş	PROPN
easat-11155	317	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	47	eds	eds	PROPN
easat-11155	317	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	49	cham	cham	PROPN
easat-11155	317	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	51	switzerland	switzerland	PROPN
easat-11155	317	52	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	53	springer	springer	NOUN
easat-11155	317	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	317	55	2018	2018	NUM
easat-11155	317	56	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	318	2	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	318	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	318	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-11155	318	5	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-11155	318	6	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-11155	318	7	le	le	PROPN
easat-11155	318	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	318	9	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	318	10	miller	miller	PROPN
easat-11155	318	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	13	a	a	DET
easat-11155	318	14	core	core	NOUN
easat-11155	318	15	meaning	meaning	NOUN
easat-11155	318	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	17	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	318	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	318	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	318	20	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	318	21	semi	semi	ADJ
easat-11155	318	22	-	-	ADJ
easat-11155	318	23	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-11155	318	24	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	318	25	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	318	26	the	the	DET
easat-11155	318	27	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-11155	318	28	field	field	NOUN
easat-11155	318	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	31	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	318	32	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	318	33	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	318	34	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	318	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	36	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	318	37	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	318	38	70	70	NUM
easat-11155	318	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	318	40	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	318	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	319	1	252	252	NUM
easat-11155	319	2	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	319	3	266	266	NUM
easat-11155	319	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	319	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-11155	319	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	320	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2023.01.006	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2023.01.006	NOUN
easat-11155	320	2	[	[	X
easat-11155	320	3	12	12	NUM
easat-11155	320	4	]	]	X
easat-11155	320	5	d.	d.	NOUN
easat-11155	320	6	roesler	roesler	PROPN
easat-11155	320	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	320	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	320	9	a	a	DET
easat-11155	320	10	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	320	11	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	320	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-11155	320	13	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	320	14	list	list	NOUN
easat-11155	320	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	320	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	320	17	m.s	m.s	PROPN
easat-11155	320	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	320	19	thesis	thesis	PROPN
easat-11155	320	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	320	21	dept	dept	NOUN
easat-11155	320	22	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	320	23	appl	appl	PROPN
easat-11155	320	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	321	1	linguistics	linguistics	PROPN
easat-11155	321	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	321	3	portland	portland	PROPN
easat-11155	321	4	state	state	PROPN
easat-11155	321	5	univ	univ	PROPN
easat-11155	321	6	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	321	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	321	8	portland	portland	PROPN
easat-11155	321	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	321	10	or	or	CCONJ
easat-11155	321	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	321	12	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-11155	321	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	321	14	2020	2020	NUM
easat-11155	321	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	322	2	13	13	NUM
easat-11155	322	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	322	5	dou	dou	PROPN
easat-11155	322	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	8	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
easat-11155	322	9	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-11155	322	10	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	322	11	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	322	12	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	322	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	15	advances	advance	NOUN
easat-11155	322	16	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	322	17	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	322	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	322	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	322	20	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-11155	322	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	322	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	322	24	8	8	NUM
easat-11155	322	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	322	26	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	322	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	323	1	170–176	170–176	NUM
easat-11155	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	323	3	2024	2024	NUM
easat-11155	323	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	323	5	https://doi.org/10.23977/aetp.2024.080225	https://doi.org/10.23977/aetp.2024.080225	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	324	2	14	14	NUM
easat-11155	324	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	324	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-11155	324	5	panadero	panadero	PROPN
easat-11155	324	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	8	a	a	DET
easat-11155	324	9	review	review	NOUN
easat-11155	324	10	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	324	11	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	324	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	13	regulated	regulate	VERB
easat-11155	324	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	324	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	16	six	six	NUM
easat-11155	324	17	models	model	NOUN
easat-11155	324	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	324	19	four	four	NUM
easat-11155	324	20	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-11155	324	21	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	324	22	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	324	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	25	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
easat-11155	324	26	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	324	27	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-11155	324	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	324	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	324	31	8	8	NUM
easat-11155	324	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	33	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	324	34	422	422	NUM
easat-11155	324	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	324	36	2017	2017	NUM
easat-11155	324	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	325	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422	VERB
easat-11155	326	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	326	2	15	15	NUM
easat-11155	326	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	326	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	326	5	asrifan	asrifan	PROPN
easat-11155	326	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	7	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	8	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	9	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	10	cardoso	cardoso	PROPN
easat-11155	326	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	12	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	13	de	de	X
easat-11155	326	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	326	16	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	17	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	18	vargheese	vargheese	PROPN
easat-11155	326	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	21	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-11155	326	22	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	326	23	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	326	24	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	326	25	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	326	26	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
easat-11155	326	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	28	a	a	DET
easat-11155	326	29	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ
easat-11155	326	30	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	326	31	to	to	ADP
easat-11155	326	32	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	326	33	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	326	34	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	326	35	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	326	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	37	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	38	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	326	39	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	326	40	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	326	41	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	326	42	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	326	43	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	326	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	326	45	materials	material	NOUN
easat-11155	326	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	47	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	326	48	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	326	49	7	7	NUM
easat-11155	326	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	51	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	326	52	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	326	53	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	326	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	326	55	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	326	56	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	327	1	88–112	88–112	NUM
easat-11155	327	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	327	3	2024	2024	NUM
easat-11155	327	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	328	1	https://doi.org/10.26418/jeltim.v7i1.91274	https://doi.org/10.26418/jeltim.v7i1.91274	PROPN
easat-11155	328	2	[	[	X
easat-11155	328	3	16	16	NUM
easat-11155	328	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	328	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	328	6	coxhead	coxhead	NOUN
easat-11155	328	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	328	8	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	328	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	328	10	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	328	11	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	328	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	328	13	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	328	14	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	328	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	328	16	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	328	17	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	328	18	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	328	19	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	328	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	328	21	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	328	22	coxhead	coxhead	NOUN
easat-11155	328	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	328	24	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-11155	328	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	329	1	new	new	PROPN
easat-11155	329	2	york	york	PROPN
easat-11155	329	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	329	4	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-11155	329	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	329	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
easat-11155	329	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	329	8	2018	2018	NUM
easat-11155	329	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	330	2	17	17	NUM
easat-11155	330	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-11155	330	5	nekrasova	nekrasova	PROPN
easat-11155	330	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	7	beker	beker	NOUN
easat-11155	330	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	9	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	330	10	becker	becker	PROPN
easat-11155	330	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	330	13	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	330	14	sharpe	sharpe	PROPN
easat-11155	330	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	17	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-11155	330	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	330	19	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	330	20	target	target	NOUN
easat-11155	330	21	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-11155	330	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	330	23	an	an	DET
easat-11155	330	24	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	330	25	course	course	NOUN
easat-11155	330	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	28	tesol	tesol	NOUN
easat-11155	330	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	330	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	330	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	330	33	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	330	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	35	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	330	36	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	330	37	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	330	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	39	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	330	40	e00365	e00365	PROPN
easat-11155	330	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	330	42	2019	2019	NUM
easat-11155	330	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	331	1	https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.365	https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.365	NOUN
easat-11155	332	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	332	2	18	18	NUM
easat-11155	332	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	332	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-11155	332	5	abrar	abrar	PROPN
easat-11155	332	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	7	ul	ul	PROPN
easat-11155	332	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	9	hassan	hassan	PROPN
easat-11155	332	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	332	11	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-11155	332	12	douglas	douglas	PROPN
easat-11155	332	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	15	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	332	16	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	332	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	18	reading	read	VERB
easat-11155	332	19	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-11155	332	20	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	332	21	business	business	NOUN
easat-11155	332	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	24	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	332	25	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	332	26	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	332	27	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	332	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	332	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	332	31	78	78	NUM
easat-11155	332	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	332	33	pp	pp	PROPN
easat-11155	332	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	333	1	1–12	1–12	NOUN
easat-11155	333	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	333	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	333	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	334	2	19	19	NUM
easat-11155	334	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	334	5	toogood	toogood	PROPN
easat-11155	334	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	334	7	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	334	8	hale	hale	PROPN
easat-11155	334	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	334	12	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	334	13	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	334	14	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	334	15	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	334	16	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	334	17	english	english	PROPN
easat-11155	334	18	for	for	ADP
easat-11155	334	19	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-11155	334	20	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-11155	334	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	23	fonologi	fonologi	PROPN
easat-11155	334	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	334	25	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	334	26	ilm	ilm	PROPN
easat-11155	334	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	335	1	bahasa	bahasa	PROPN
easat-11155	335	2	sastra	sastra	PROPN
easat-11155	335	3	inggris	inggris	PROPN
easat-11155	335	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	335	5	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	335	6	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	336	1	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	336	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	336	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	336	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	336	5	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	336	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	336	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	336	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	337	1	45–60	45–60	NUM
easat-11155	337	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	337	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	337	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	338	2	20	20	NUM
easat-11155	338	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	338	5	warschauer	warschauer	NOUN
easat-11155	338	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	338	7	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-11155	338	8	xu	xu	PROPN
easat-11155	338	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	11	past	past	ADJ
easat-11155	338	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	13	present	present	ADJ
easat-11155	338	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	338	16	future	future	NOUN
easat-11155	338	17	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	338	18	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-11155	338	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	338	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	21	a	a	DET
easat-11155	338	22	topic	topic	NOUN
easat-11155	338	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	24	based	base	VERB
easat-11155	338	25	bibliometric	bibliometric	ADJ
easat-11155	338	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	338	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	29	international	international	ADJ
easat-11155	338	30	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	338	31	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	338	32	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	338	33	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	338	34	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	338	35	higher	high	ADJ
easat-11155	338	36	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	338	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	338	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	338	40	18	18	NUM
easat-11155	338	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	42	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	338	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	338	44	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	338	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	46	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	338	47	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	338	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	338	49	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	338	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	339	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	339	2	21	21	NUM
easat-11155	339	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	339	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	339	5	pearson	pearson	PROPN
easat-11155	339	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	339	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	339	8	embrace	embrace	VERB
easat-11155	339	9	your	your	PRON
easat-11155	339	10	mistakes	mistake	NOUN
easat-11155	339	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	339	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	339	13	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-11155	339	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	339	15	overcoming	overcome	VERB
easat-11155	339	16	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-11155	339	17	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	339	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	339	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	339	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	340	1	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-11155	340	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	340	3	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	340	4	2023	2023	NUM
easat-11155	340	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	341	1	https://voccent.medium.com/embrace-your-mistakes-the-psychology-of-overcoming-fear-in-language-learning371c09df4df8	https://voccent.medium.com/embrace-your-mistakes-the-psychology-of-overcoming-fear-in-language-learning371c09df4df8	PROPN
easat-11155	342	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	342	2	22	22	NUM
easat-11155	342	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	342	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-11155	342	5	salihoglu	salihoglu	PROPN
easat-11155	342	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	8	the	the	DET
easat-11155	342	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-11155	342	10	between	between	ADP
easat-11155	342	11	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-11155	342	12	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	342	13	making	make	VERB
easat-11155	342	14	mistakes	mistake	NOUN
easat-11155	342	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	342	16	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	342	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	18	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-11155	342	19	level	level	NOUN
easat-11155	342	20	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	342	21	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	342	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	342	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	24	a	a	DET
easat-11155	342	25	review	review	NOUN
easat-11155	342	26	article	article	NOUN
easat-11155	342	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	29	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-11155	342	30	forum	forum	PROPN
easat-11155	342	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	32	a	a	DET
easat-11155	342	33	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	342	34	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	342	35	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
easat-11155	342	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	342	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	342	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	343	1	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	343	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	343	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	343	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	343	5	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	343	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	343	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	343	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	344	1	88	88	NUM
easat-11155	344	2	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	344	3	101	101	NUM
easat-11155	344	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	344	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-11155	344	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	1	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14863292	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14863292	X
easat-11155	345	2	[	[	X
easat-11155	345	3	23	23	NUM
easat-11155	345	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	5	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-11155	345	6	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-11155	345	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	8	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-11155	345	9	cheng	cheng	PROPN
easat-11155	345	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	345	12	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-11155	345	13	zou	zou	PROPN
easat-11155	345	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	16	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-11155	345	17	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	345	18	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-11155	345	19	game	game	NOUN
easat-11155	345	20	elements	element	NOUN
easat-11155	345	21	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	345	22	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-11155	345	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	345	24	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
easat-11155	345	25	development	development	NOUN
easat-11155	345	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	28	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	345	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	345	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-11155	345	31	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	345	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	345	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	345	35	29	29	NUM
easat-11155	345	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	345	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	345	39	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	345	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	345	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	345	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	346	1	1–36	1–36	NUM
easat-11155	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	346	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	346	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	347	1	https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73618	https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73618	NOUN
easat-11155	348	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	348	2	24	24	NUM
easat-11155	348	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	348	5	ally	ally	NOUN
easat-11155	348	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	7	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-11155	348	8	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-11155	348	9	adnan	adnan	PROPN
easat-11155	348	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	11	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-11155	348	12	nordin	nordin	PROPN
easat-11155	348	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	14	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	348	15	tsinakos	tsinakos	NOUN
easat-11155	348	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	348	18	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-11155	348	19	norman	norman	PROPN
easat-11155	348	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	22	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-11155	348	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	348	24	blended	blended	ADJ
easat-11155	348	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	348	26	models	model	NOUN
easat-11155	348	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	28	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-11155	348	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	30	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	348	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	348	33	future	future	ADJ
easat-11155	348	34	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-11155	348	35	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	348	36	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	348	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	39	acta	acta	PROPN
easat-11155	348	40	pedagogia	pedagogia	PROPN
easat-11155	348	41	asiana	asiana	PROPN
easat-11155	348	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	348	44	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	348	45	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	348	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	47	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	348	48	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	348	49	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	348	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	51	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	348	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	53	77–92	77–92	NUM
easat-11155	348	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	348	55	2023	2023	NUM
easat-11155	348	56	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	349	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	349	2	25	25	NUM
easat-11155	349	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	349	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	349	5	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-11155	349	6	creswell	creswell	PROPN
easat-11155	349	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	349	8	v.	v.	ADP
easat-11155	349	9	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-11155	349	10	plano	plano	PROPN
easat-11155	349	11	clark	clark	PROPN
easat-11155	349	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	349	13	designing	designing	NOUN
easat-11155	349	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	349	15	conducting	conduct	VERB
easat-11155	349	16	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-11155	349	17	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	349	18	research	research	NOUN
easat-11155	349	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	349	20	3rd	3rd	ADJ
easat-11155	349	21	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-11155	349	22	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	350	1	thousand	thousand	NUM
easat-11155	350	2	oaks	oak	NOUN
easat-11155	350	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	350	4	ca	ca	PROPN
easat-11155	350	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	350	6	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-11155	350	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	350	8	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-11155	350	9	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-11155	350	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	350	11	2017	2017	NUM
easat-11155	350	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	351	2	26	26	NUM
easat-11155	351	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	351	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-11155	351	5	iswati	iswati	PROPN
easat-11155	351	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	351	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	351	8	triastuti	triastuti	PROPN
easat-11155	351	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	11	voicing	voice	VERB
easat-11155	351	12	the	the	DET
easat-11155	351	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	351	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	351	15	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	351	16	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-11155	351	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	18	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-11155	351	19	from	from	ADP
easat-11155	351	20	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	351	21	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	351	22	non‑english	non‑english	ADJ
easat-11155	351	23	departments	department	NOUN
easat-11155	351	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	26	studies	study	NOUN
easat-11155	351	27	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	351	28	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	351	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	351	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	351	31	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	351	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	351	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	351	35	8	8	NUM
easat-11155	351	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	351	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	351	39	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	351	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	351	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	351	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	352	1	276–293	276–293	NUM
easat-11155	352	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	352	3	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	352	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	353	1	https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17301	https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17301	X
easat-11155	354	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	354	2	27	27	NUM
easat-11155	354	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-11155	354	5	alamer	alamer	NOUN
easat-11155	354	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	354	7	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-11155	354	8	almulhim	almulhim	PROPN
easat-11155	354	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	11	the	the	DET
easat-11155	354	12	interrelation	interrelation	NOUN
easat-11155	354	13	between	between	ADP
easat-11155	354	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	354	15	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-11155	354	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	354	17	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	354	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	19	determined	determine	VERB
easat-11155	354	20	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	354	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	22	a	a	DET
easat-11155	354	23	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-11155	354	24	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	354	25	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-11155	354	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	28	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
easat-11155	354	29	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	354	30	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	354	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	32	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	354	33	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	354	34	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	354	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	36	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	354	37	618655	618655	NUM
easat-11155	354	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	354	39	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	354	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	355	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655	PROPN
easat-11155	355	2	[	[	X
easat-11155	355	3	28	28	NUM
easat-11155	355	4	]	]	X
easat-11155	355	5	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-11155	355	6	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-11155	355	7	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-11155	355	8	nation	nation	PROPN
easat-11155	355	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	355	10	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	355	11	macalister	macalister	PROPN
easat-11155	355	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	355	13	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-11155	355	14	esl	esl	PROPN
easat-11155	355	15	/	/	SYM
easat-11155	355	16	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-11155	355	17	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-11155	355	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	355	19	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-11155	355	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	356	1	new	new	PROPN
easat-11155	356	2	york	york	PROPN
easat-11155	356	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	356	4	ny	ny	PROPN
easat-11155	356	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	356	6	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-11155	356	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	356	8	routledge	routledge	PROPN
easat-11155	356	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	356	10	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	356	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	357	2	29	29	NUM
easat-11155	357	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	357	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-11155	357	5	sintia	sintia	PROPN
easat-11155	357	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	7	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-11155	357	8	perdana	perdana	PROPN
easat-11155	357	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	357	11	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-11155	357	12	karani	karani	PROPN
easat-11155	357	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	15	esp	esp	ADJ
easat-11155	357	16	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	357	17	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-11155	357	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	19	a	a	DET
easat-11155	357	20	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-11155	357	21	review	review	NOUN
easat-11155	357	22	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	357	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-11155	357	24	faced	face	VERB
easat-11155	357	25	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	357	26	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-11155	357	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	357	28	learnersa	learnersa	NOUN
easat-11155	357	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	31	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	357	32	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	357	33	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	357	34	indragiri	indragiri	NOUN
easat-11155	357	35	):	):	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	36	studies	study	NOUN
easat-11155	357	37	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	357	38	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	357	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	40	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-11155	357	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	357	43	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
easat-11155	357	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	357	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	357	47	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	357	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	49	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	357	50	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	357	51	2	2	NUM
easat-11155	357	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	357	53	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	357	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	358	1	584	584	NUM
easat-11155	358	2	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	358	3	597	597	NUM
easat-11155	358	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	358	5	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	358	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	359	2	30	30	NUM
easat-11155	359	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	359	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	359	5	shortt	shortt	PROPN
easat-11155	359	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	7	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-11155	359	8	kuznetcova	kuznetcova	PROPN
easat-11155	359	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	359	11	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-11155	359	12	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-11155	359	13	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	359	14	akinkuolie	akinkuolie	PROPN
easat-11155	359	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	17	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-11155	359	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	359	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	359	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	21	the	the	DET
easat-11155	359	22	medium	medium	NOUN
easat-11155	359	23	is	be	AUX
easat-11155	359	24	not	not	PART
easat-11155	359	25	the	the	DET
easat-11155	359	26	message	message	NOUN
easat-11155	359	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	29	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	359	30	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-11155	359	31	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	359	32	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	359	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	359	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	359	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	360	1	36	36	NUM
easat-11155	360	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	360	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	360	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	360	5	5	5	NUM
easat-11155	360	6	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	360	7	6	6	NUM
easat-11155	360	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	360	9	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	360	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	360	11	1040–1063	1040–1063	NUM
easat-11155	360	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	360	13	2021	2021	NUM
easat-11155	360	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	361	2	31	31	NUM
easat-11155	361	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	361	5	fathi	fathi	PROPN
easat-11155	361	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-11155	361	8	zou	zou	PROPN
easat-11155	361	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	361	11	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-11155	361	12	zhaleh	zhaleh	PROPN
easat-11155	361	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	15	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-11155	361	16	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
easat-11155	361	17	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-11155	361	18	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-11155	361	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	361	20	willingness	willingness	NOUN
easat-11155	361	21	to	to	PART
easat-11155	361	22	communicate	communicate	VERB
easat-11155	361	23	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	361	24	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-11155	361	25	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	361	26	through	through	ADP
easat-11155	361	27	virtual	virtual	ADJ
easat-11155	361	28	reality	reality	NOUN
easat-11155	361	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	30	a	a	DET
easat-11155	361	31	mixed	mix	VERB
easat-11155	361	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	33	methods	method	NOUN
easat-11155	361	34	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-11155	361	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	37	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-11155	361	38	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-11155	361	39	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	361	40	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	361	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	361	42	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	361	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	362	1	144	144	NUM
easat-11155	362	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	362	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	362	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	363	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2496827	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2496827	X
easat-11155	364	1	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/covid2.12	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/covid2.12	X
easat-11155	364	2	https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2023-0015	https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2023-0015	X
easat-11155	364	3	https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2021.22.11.1783	https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2021.22.11.1783	VERB
easat-11155	364	4	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.06.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.06.002	NUM
easat-11155	364	5	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2023.01.006	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2023.01.006	NOUN
easat-11155	364	6	https://doi.org/10.23977/aetp.2024.080225	https://doi.org/10.23977/aetp.2024.080225	SCONJ
easat-11155	365	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422	PROPN
easat-11155	365	2	https://doi.org/10.26418/jeltim.v7i1.91274	https://doi.org/10.26418/jeltim.v7i1.91274	PROPN
easat-11155	365	3	https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.365	https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.365	PROPN
easat-11155	365	4	https://voccent.medium.com/embrace-your-mistakes-the-psychology-of-overcoming-fear-in-language-learning-371c09df4df8	https://voccent.medium.com/embrace-your-mistakes-the-psychology-of-overcoming-fear-in-language-learning-371c09df4df8	VERB
easat-11155	365	5	https://voccent.medium.com/embrace-your-mistakes-the-psychology-of-overcoming-fear-in-language-learning-371c09df4df8	https://voccent.medium.com/embrace-your-mistakes-the-psychology-of-overcoming-fear-in-language-learning-371c09df4df8	VERB
easat-11155	365	6	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14863292	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14863292	X
easat-11155	365	7	https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73618	https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73618	PROPN
easat-11155	365	8	https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17301	https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17301	PROPN
easat-11155	366	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655	PROPN
easat-11155	366	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2496827	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2025.2496827	PROPN
easat-11155	366	3	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	366	4	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-11155	366	5	applied	apply	VERB
easat-11155	366	6	science	science	NOUN
easat-11155	366	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	366	8	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	366	9	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-11155	366	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	366	11	2576	2576	NUM
easat-11155	366	12	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	366	13	8484	8484	NUM
easat-11155	366	14	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	366	15	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	367	1	9	9	NUM
easat-11155	367	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	367	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	367	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	367	5	11	11	NUM
easat-11155	367	6	:	:	SYM
easat-11155	367	7	1303	1303	NUM
easat-11155	367	8	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	367	9	1317	1317	NUM
easat-11155	367	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	367	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	367	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-11155	367	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	367	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-11155	367	15	-	-	SYM
easat-11155	367	16	8484.v9i11.11155	8484.v9i11.11155	NUM
easat-11155	367	17	©	©	ADP
easat-11155	367	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	367	19	by	by	ADP
easat-11155	367	20	the	the	DET
easat-11155	367	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-11155	367	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-11155	367	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-11155	367	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	367	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-11155	368	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	368	2	32	32	NUM
easat-11155	368	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	368	5	yan	yan	PROPN
easat-11155	368	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	7	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-11155	368	8	tian	tian	PROPN
easat-11155	368	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	10	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-11155	368	11	sun	sun	PROPN
easat-11155	368	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	368	14	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-11155	368	15	song	song	PROPN
easat-11155	368	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	18	role	role	NOUN
easat-11155	368	19	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	368	20	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	368	21	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	368	22	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	368	23	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-11155	368	24	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-11155	368	25	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-11155	368	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	368	27	transforming	transform	VERB
easat-11155	368	28	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-11155	368	29	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	368	30	higher	high	ADJ
easat-11155	368	31	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-11155	368	32	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	368	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	35	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
easat-11155	368	36	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	368	37	education	education	NOUN
easat-11155	368	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	368	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	368	41	10	10	NUM
easat-11155	368	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	43	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	368	44	1551596	1551596	NUM
easat-11155	368	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	368	46	2025	2025	NUM
easat-11155	368	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	369	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1551596	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1551596	PROPN
easat-11155	370	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	370	2	33	33	NUM
easat-11155	370	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-11155	370	5	li	li	PROPN
easat-11155	370	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	7	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-11155	370	8	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-11155	370	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	370	11	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-11155	370	12	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-11155	370	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	15	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-11155	370	16	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-11155	370	17	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	370	18	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-11155	370	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	20	driven	drive	VERB
easat-11155	370	21	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	370	22	apps	app	NOUN
easat-11155	370	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	24	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-11155	370	25	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	370	26	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-11155	370	27	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-11155	370	28	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-11155	370	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	370	30	error	error	NOUN
easat-11155	370	31	correction	correction	NOUN
easat-11155	370	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	34	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	370	35	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	370	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	370	37	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	370	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	370	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	370	41	27	27	NUM
easat-11155	370	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	43	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	370	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	370	45	1	1	NUM
easat-11155	370	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	47	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	370	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	49	45–62	45–62	NUM
easat-11155	370	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	370	51	2023	2023	NUM
easat-11155	370	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	371	2	34	34	NUM
easat-11155	371	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	5	fathi	fathi	PROPN
easat-11155	371	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	7	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	8	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	9	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	10	akbari	akbari	PROPN
easat-11155	371	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	371	13	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-11155	371	14	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	15	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	16	derakhshan	derakhshan	PROPN
easat-11155	371	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	19	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-11155	371	20	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-11155	371	21	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	371	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	371	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-11155	371	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	25	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-11155	371	26	on	on	ADP
easat-11155	371	27	english	english	ADJ
easat-11155	371	28	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	371	29	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-11155	371	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	31	l2	l2	NOUN
easat-11155	371	32	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-11155	371	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	371	35	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	371	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	37	regulated	regulate	VERB
easat-11155	371	38	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	371	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	40	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	41	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
easat-11155	371	42	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	371	43	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-11155	371	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	371	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	371	47	14	14	NUM
easat-11155	371	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	49	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-11155	371	50	article	article	NOUN
easat-11155	371	51	 	 	SPACE
easat-11155	371	52	1261955	1261955	NUM
easat-11155	371	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	371	54	2023	2023	NUM
easat-11155	371	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	1	[	[	X
easat-11155	372	2	35	35	NUM
easat-11155	372	3	]	]	X
easat-11155	372	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-11155	372	5	lau	lau	PROPN
easat-11155	372	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-11155	372	7	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-11155	372	8	jong	jong	PROPN
easat-11155	372	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	11	a	a	DET
easat-11155	372	12	cluster	cluster	NOUN
easat-11155	372	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-11155	372	14	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	372	15	self	self	NOUN
easat-11155	372	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	17	regulated	regulate	VERB
easat-11155	372	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	372	19	in	in	ADP
easat-11155	372	20	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-11155	372	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	22	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-11155	372	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-11155	372	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-11155	372	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	27	british	british	ADJ
easat-11155	372	28	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-11155	372	29	of	of	ADP
easat-11155	372	30	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-11155	372	31	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-11155	372	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	372	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-11155	372	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-11155	373	1	53	53	NUM
easat-11155	373	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	373	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-11155	373	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-11155	373	5	3	3	NUM
easat-11155	373	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	373	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-11155	373	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	374	1	456–472	456–472	NUM
easat-11155	374	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-11155	374	3	2022	2022	NUM
easat-11155	374	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-11155	375	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1551596	https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1551596	X