id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-1586	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	1	13	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	1	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	15	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	1	16	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	1	17	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	19	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	1	20	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	1	21	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	1	22	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	1	23	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-1586	1	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	25	learning	learn	VERB
easat-1586	1	26	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-1586	1	27	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-1586	1	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	29	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	1	30	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	1	31	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	1	32	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	1	33	the	the	DET
easat-1586	1	34	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	1	35	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	36	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	1	37	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-1586	1	38	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-1586	1	39	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	1	40	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	1	41	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	1	42	the	the	DET
easat-1586	1	43	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	1	44	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	45	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	1	46	learning	learn	VERB
easat-1586	1	47	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-1586	1	48	*	*	PUNCT
easat-1586	1	49	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-1586	1	50	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	2	1	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	PROPN
easat-1586	2	2	shadows	shadow	NOUN
easat-1586	2	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	2	4	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	2	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	2	6	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	2	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	2	8	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	2	9	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	2	10	amidst	amidst	ADP
easat-1586	2	11	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	2	12	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	2	13	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	2	14	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	2	15	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	2	16	shingirai	shingirai	VERB
easat-1586	2	17	mugambiwa1	mugambiwa1	PROPN
easat-1586	2	18	*	*	PROPN
easat-1586	2	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	2	20	kholofelo	kholofelo	PROPN
easat-1586	2	21	rakubu2	rakubu2	PROPN
easat-1586	3	1	1,2tshwane	1,2tshwane	NUM
easat-1586	3	2	university	university	NOUN
easat-1586	3	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	3	4	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	3	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	3	6	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	3	7	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	3	8	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	3	9	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	PROPN
easat-1586	3	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	3	11	s.m	s.m	PROPN
easat-1586	3	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	3	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	4	1	rakubuka@tut.ac.za	rakubuka@tut.ac.za	NOUN
easat-1586	4	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	4	3	k.r	k.r	PROPN
easat-1586	4	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	4	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	5	1	abstract	abstract	NOUN
easat-1586	5	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	5	3	this	this	DET
easat-1586	5	4	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-1586	5	5	investigates	investigate	VERB
easat-1586	5	6	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	5	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	5	8	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	5	9	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	5	10	engage	engage	VERB
easat-1586	5	11	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	5	12	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	5	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	5	14	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	5	15	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	5	16	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	5	17	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	5	18	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	5	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	6	1	due	due	ADP
easat-1586	6	2	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	6	3	socio	socio	VERB
easat-1586	6	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	6	5	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	6	6	hardships	hardship	NOUN
easat-1586	6	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	6	8	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	6	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-1586	6	10	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-1586	6	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	6	12	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	6	13	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	6	14	employed	employ	VERB
easat-1586	6	15	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	6	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	6	17	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	6	18	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	6	19	a	a	DET
easat-1586	6	20	means	means	NOUN
easat-1586	6	21	to	to	PART
easat-1586	6	22	gain	gain	VERB
easat-1586	6	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-1586	6	24	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	6	25	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	6	26	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	6	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	6	28	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	6	29	illegally	illegally	ADV
easat-1586	6	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	7	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	7	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-1586	7	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-1586	7	4	a	a	DET
easat-1586	7	5	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-1586	7	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-1586	7	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	7	8	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
easat-1586	7	9	materials	material	NOUN
easat-1586	7	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	7	11	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	7	12	peerreviewed	peerreviewe	VERB
easat-1586	7	13	journals	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	7	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	7	15	books	book	NOUN
easat-1586	7	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	7	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	7	18	reports	report	NOUN
easat-1586	7	19	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	7	20	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	7	21	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	7	22	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-1586	7	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	7	24	nongovernmental	nongovernmental	ADJ
easat-1586	7	25	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-1586	7	26	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	7	27	others	other	NOUN
easat-1586	7	28	to	to	PART
easat-1586	7	29	gather	gather	VERB
easat-1586	7	30	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-1586	7	31	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	7	32	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	7	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	7	34	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	7	35	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	7	36	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	7	37	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	7	38	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	7	39	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	7	40	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	7	41	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	7	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	8	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	8	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-1586	8	3	examines	examine	VERB
easat-1586	8	4	the	the	DET
easat-1586	8	5	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-1586	8	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-1586	8	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	8	8	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-1586	8	9	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	8	10	organised	organise	VERB
easat-1586	8	11	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	8	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	8	13	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	8	14	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	8	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	8	16	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	8	17	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	8	18	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	8	19	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	8	20	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	8	21	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	8	22	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	8	23	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	8	24	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	8	25	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-1586	8	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	9	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	9	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-1586	9	3	review	review	VERB
easat-1586	9	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	9	5	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	9	6	is	be	VERB
easat-1586	9	7	an	an	DET
easat-1586	9	8	all	all	ADV
easat-1586	9	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	9	10	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
easat-1586	9	11	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-1586	9	12	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	9	13	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	9	14	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	9	15	underlies	underlie	VERB
easat-1586	9	16	blackmailing	blackmail	VERB
easat-1586	9	17	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	9	18	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	9	19	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	9	20	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	9	21	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	9	22	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	9	23	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-1586	9	24	the	the	DET
easat-1586	9	25	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
easat-1586	9	26	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	9	27	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	9	28	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	9	29	undermining	undermine	VERB
easat-1586	9	30	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	9	31	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
easat-1586	9	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	10	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	10	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-1586	10	3	concludes	conclude	VERB
easat-1586	10	4	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	10	5	recommending	recommend	VERB
easat-1586	10	6	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-1586	10	7	meant	mean	VERB
easat-1586	10	8	to	to	PART
easat-1586	10	9	improve	improve	VERB
easat-1586	10	10	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	10	11	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	10	12	capability	capability	NOUN
easat-1586	10	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	10	14	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	10	15	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	10	16	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	10	17	this	this	DET
easat-1586	10	18	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	10	19	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	10	20	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	10	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	11	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-1586	11	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	11	3	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	11	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	11	5	organised	organise	VERB
easat-1586	11	6	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	11	8	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	11	9	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	11	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	11	11	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	11	12	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	11	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	1	1	1	X
easat-1586	12	2	.	.	X
easat-1586	12	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-1586	12	4	globally	globally	ADV
easat-1586	12	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	6	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	12	7	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	12	8	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	12	9	a	a	DET
easat-1586	12	10	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	12	11	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	12	12	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	12	13	takes	take	VERB
easat-1586	12	14	different	different	ADJ
easat-1586	12	15	forms	form	NOUN
easat-1586	12	16	across	across	ADP
easat-1586	12	17	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	12	18	regions	region	NOUN
easat-1586	12	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	20	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-1586	12	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	22	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	12	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	24	maluleke	maluleke	PROPN
easat-1586	12	25	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	12	26	dlamini	dlamini	PROPN
easat-1586	12	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	28	2019	2019	NUM
easat-1586	12	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	12	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	13	1	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	13	2	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	13	3	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	13	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	13	5	however	however	ADV
easat-1586	13	6	several	several	ADJ
easat-1586	13	7	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-1586	13	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	13	9	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	13	10	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-1586	13	11	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	13	12	contributed	contribute	VERB
easat-1586	13	13	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-1586	13	14	towards	towards	ADP
easat-1586	13	15	the	the	DET
easat-1586	13	16	establishment	establishment	NOUN
easat-1586	13	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	13	18	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-1586	13	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	13	20	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	13	21	cartels	cartel	NOUN
easat-1586	13	22	due	due	ADP
easat-1586	13	23	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	13	24	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-1586	13	25	injustices	injustice	NOUN
easat-1586	13	26	coupled	couple	VERB
easat-1586	13	27	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	13	28	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	13	29	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-1586	13	30	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-1586	13	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	13	32	goga	goga	NOUN
easat-1586	13	33	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	13	34	goredema	goredema	PROPN
easat-1586	13	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	13	36	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	13	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	13	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	14	1	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	14	2	are	be	VERB
easat-1586	14	3	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-1586	14	4	forms	form	NOUN
easat-1586	14	5	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	14	6	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	14	7	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	14	8	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	14	9	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	14	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	14	11	however	however	ADV
easat-1586	14	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	14	13	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	14	14	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-1586	14	15	stand	stand	VERB
easat-1586	14	16	out	out	ADP
easat-1586	14	17	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	14	18	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	14	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-1586	14	20	harmful	harmful	ADJ
easat-1586	14	21	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	14	22	affecting	affect	VERB
easat-1586	14	23	commercial	commercial	ADJ
easat-1586	14	24	viability	viability	NOUN
easat-1586	14	25	besides	besides	SCONJ
easat-1586	14	26	upsetting	upset	VERB
easat-1586	14	27	societal	societal	ADJ
easat-1586	14	28	harmony	harmony	NOUN
easat-1586	14	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	14	30	piemontese	piemontese	ADJ
easat-1586	14	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	14	32	2023	2023	NUM
easat-1586	14	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	14	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	15	1	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
easat-1586	15	2	left	leave	VERB
easat-1586	15	3	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-1586	15	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	15	5	rooted	rooted	ADJ
easat-1586	15	6	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
easat-1586	15	7	resulting	result	VERB
easat-1586	15	8	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	15	9	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-1586	15	10	living	living	NOUN
easat-1586	15	11	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-1586	15	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	15	13	these	these	DET
easat-1586	15	14	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-1586	15	15	inadvertently	inadvertently	ADV
easat-1586	15	16	allowed	allow	VERB
easat-1586	15	17	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	15	18	expansion	expansion	NOUN
easat-1586	15	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	15	20	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	15	21	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	15	22	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	15	23	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	15	24	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	15	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	15	26	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	15	27	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	15	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	15	29	goga	goga	PROPN
easat-1586	15	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	15	31	goredema	goredema	PROPN
easat-1586	15	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	15	33	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	15	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	15	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	16	1	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	16	2	present	present	ADJ
easat-1586	16	3	day	day	PROPN
easat-1586	16	4	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	16	5	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	16	6	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	16	7	underworld	underworld	ADJ
easat-1586	16	8	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-1586	16	9	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	16	10	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-1586	16	11	a	a	DET
easat-1586	16	12	wide	wide	ADJ
easat-1586	16	13	range	range	NOUN
easat-1586	16	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	16	15	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-1586	16	16	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	16	17	include	include	VERB
easat-1586	16	18	drug	drug	NOUN
easat-1586	16	19	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-1586	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	16	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	16	22	human	human	ADJ
easat-1586	16	23	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-1586	16	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	17	1	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	17	2	refers	refer	VERB
easat-1586	17	3	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	17	4	a	a	DET
easat-1586	17	5	process	process	NOUN
easat-1586	17	6	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	17	7	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	17	8	forcefully	forcefully	ADV
easat-1586	17	9	extract	extract	VERB
easat-1586	17	10	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	17	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	17	12	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-1586	17	13	items	item	NOUN
easat-1586	17	14	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	17	15	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	17	16	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	17	17	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	17	18	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	17	19	using	use	VERB
easat-1586	17	20	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	17	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	17	22	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	17	23	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	17	24	harm	harm	NOUN
easat-1586	17	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	17	26	piemontese	piemontese	ADJ
easat-1586	17	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	17	28	2023	2023	NUM
easat-1586	17	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	17	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	18	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-1586	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	18	3	this	this	DET
easat-1586	18	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-1586	18	5	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-1586	18	6	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	18	7	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	18	8	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	18	9	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	18	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	18	11	south	south	ADJ
easat-1586	18	12	african	african	ADJ
easat-1586	18	13	context	context	NOUN
easat-1586	18	14	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	18	15	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	18	16	demand	demand	VERB
easat-1586	18	17	‘	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	18	18	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	18	19	fees	fee	NOUN
easat-1586	18	20	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	18	21	under	under	ADP
easat-1586	18	22	the	the	DET
easat-1586	18	23	disguise	disguise	NOUN
easat-1586	18	24	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	18	25	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	18	26	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	18	27	protecting	protect	VERB
easat-1586	18	28	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	18	29	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	18	30	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	18	31	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	18	32	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	18	33	members	member	NOUN
easat-1586	18	34	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	18	35	the	the	DET
easat-1586	18	36	same	same	ADJ
easat-1586	18	37	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	18	38	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	18	39	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	18	40	would	would	AUX
easat-1586	18	41	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
easat-1586	18	42	cause	cause	VERB
easat-1586	18	43	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	18	44	harm	harm	NOUN
easat-1586	18	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	19	1	2	2	X
easat-1586	19	2	.	.	X
easat-1586	19	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-1586	19	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-1586	19	5	this	this	DET
easat-1586	19	6	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-1586	19	7	employed	employ	VERB
easat-1586	19	8	a	a	DET
easat-1586	19	9	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-1586	19	10	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-1586	19	11	review	review	NOUN
easat-1586	19	12	method	method	NOUN
easat-1586	19	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	20	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	20	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-1586	20	3	critically	critically	ADV
easat-1586	20	4	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-1586	20	5	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	20	6	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
easat-1586	20	7	materials	material	NOUN
easat-1586	20	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	20	9	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	20	10	journals	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	20	11	articles	article	NOUN
easat-1586	20	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	20	13	books	book	NOUN
easat-1586	20	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	20	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	20	16	reports	report	NOUN
easat-1586	20	17	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	20	18	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	20	19	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	20	20	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-1586	20	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	20	22	nongovernmental	nongovernmental	ADJ
easat-1586	20	23	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-1586	20	24	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	20	25	others	other	NOUN
easat-1586	20	26	to	to	PART
easat-1586	20	27	gather	gather	VERB
easat-1586	20	28	data	datum	NOUN
easat-1586	20	29	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	20	30	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	20	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	20	32	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	20	33	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	20	34	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	20	35	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	20	36	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	20	37	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	20	38	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	20	39	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	20	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	21	2	review	review	NOUN
easat-1586	21	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-1586	21	4	a	a	DET
easat-1586	21	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-1586	21	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-1586	21	7	to	to	PART
easat-1586	21	8	harmonize	harmonize	VERB
easat-1586	21	9	data	datum	NOUN
easat-1586	21	10	2123	2123	NUM
easat-1586	21	11	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	21	12	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	21	13	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	21	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	21	15	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	21	16	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	21	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	18	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	21	19	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	21	20	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	21	21	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	21	22	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	21	23	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	21	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	25	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	21	26	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	21	27	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	21	28	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	21	29	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	21	30	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	21	31	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	21	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	33	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	21	34	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	21	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	36	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	21	37	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	21	38	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	21	39	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	21	40	the	the	DET
easat-1586	21	41	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	21	42	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	43	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	21	44	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-1586	21	45	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-1586	21	46	about	about	ADP
easat-1586	21	47	how	how	SCONJ
easat-1586	21	48	gangs	gang	NOUN
easat-1586	21	49	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	50	modus	modus	X
easat-1586	21	51	operandi	operandi	NOUN
easat-1586	21	52	affect	affect	VERB
easat-1586	21	53	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	21	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	55	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	21	56	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	21	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	21	58	plus	plus	CCONJ
easat-1586	21	59	any	any	DET
easat-1586	21	60	anti	anti	ADJ
easat-1586	21	61	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	21	62	crime	crime	ADJ
easat-1586	21	63	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-1586	21	64	put	put	VERB
easat-1586	21	65	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	21	66	place	place	NOUN
easat-1586	21	67	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	22	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	22	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-1586	22	3	identifies	identify	VERB
easat-1586	22	4	key	key	ADJ
easat-1586	22	5	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-1586	22	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	22	7	scrutinizes	scrutinize	VERB
easat-1586	22	8	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	22	9	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	22	10	a	a	DET
easat-1586	22	11	view	view	NOUN
easat-1586	22	12	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	22	13	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-1586	22	14	the	the	DET
easat-1586	22	15	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
easat-1586	22	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	22	17	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	22	18	causes	cause	NOUN
easat-1586	22	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	22	20	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	22	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	23	1	3	3	X
easat-1586	23	2	.	.	X
easat-1586	23	3	the	the	DET
easat-1586	23	4	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-1586	23	5	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	23	6	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	23	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	23	8	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	23	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	23	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	23	11	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	23	12	rackets	racket	NOUN
easat-1586	23	13	acts	act	VERB
easat-1586	23	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	23	15	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
easat-1586	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	23	17	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	23	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	23	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	23	20	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	23	21	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	23	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-1586	23	23	evident	evident	ADJ
easat-1586	23	24	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	23	25	the	the	DET
easat-1586	23	26	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-1586	23	27	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	23	28	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	23	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	23	30	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	23	31	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	23	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	24	1	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	24	2	the	the	DET
easat-1586	24	3	south	south	ADJ
easat-1586	24	4	african	african	ADJ
easat-1586	24	5	context	context	NOUN
easat-1586	24	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	24	7	these	these	DET
easat-1586	24	8	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-1586	24	9	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	24	10	embedded	embed	VERB
easat-1586	24	11	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	24	12	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	24	13	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	24	14	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	24	15	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	24	16	outfits	outfit	NOUN
easat-1586	24	17	taking	take	VERB
easat-1586	24	18	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	24	19	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-1586	24	20	sectors	sector	NOUN
easat-1586	24	21	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	24	22	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	24	23	mining	mining	NOUN
easat-1586	24	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	24	25	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-1586	24	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	24	27	de	de	X
easat-1586	24	28	villiers	villier	NOUN
easat-1586	24	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	24	30	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	24	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	24	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	25	1	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	25	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	25	3	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	25	4	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	25	5	discourage	discourage	VERB
easat-1586	25	6	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	25	7	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	25	8	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-1586	25	9	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	25	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	25	11	instability	instability	NOUN
easat-1586	25	12	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	25	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	25	14	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	25	15	level	level	NOUN
easat-1586	25	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	25	17	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-1586	25	18	operating	operating	NOUN
easat-1586	25	19	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	25	20	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	25	21	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	25	22	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-1586	25	23	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	25	24	killing	kill	VERB
easat-1586	25	25	entrepreneurial	entrepreneurial	ADJ
easat-1586	25	26	spirit	spirit	NOUN
easat-1586	25	27	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	25	28	a	a	DET
easat-1586	25	29	result	result	NOUN
easat-1586	25	30	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	25	31	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	25	32	instilled	instill	VERB
easat-1586	25	33	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	25	34	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	25	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	25	36	pinotti	pinotti	VERB
easat-1586	25	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	25	38	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	25	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	25	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	26	1	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	26	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	26	3	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	26	4	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	26	5	deeply	deeply	ADV
easat-1586	26	6	rooted	rooted	ADJ
easat-1586	26	7	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	26	8	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	26	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	26	10	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	26	11	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	26	12	that	that	DET
easat-1586	26	13	act	act	VERB
easat-1586	26	14	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	26	15	a	a	DET
easat-1586	26	16	major	major	ADJ
easat-1586	26	17	component	component	NOUN
easat-1586	26	18	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	26	19	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	26	20	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	26	21	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-1586	26	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	26	23	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	26	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	26	25	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	26	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	26	27	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	26	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	26	29	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	26	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	26	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	27	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	27	2	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	27	3	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	27	4	valuables	valuable	NOUN
easat-1586	27	5	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	27	6	taken	take	VERB
easat-1586	27	7	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	27	8	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	27	9	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	27	10	companies	company	NOUN
easat-1586	27	11	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	27	12	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	27	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	27	14	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
easat-1586	27	15	under	under	ADP
easat-1586	27	16	promises	promise	NOUN
easat-1586	27	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	27	18	preventing	prevent	VERB
easat-1586	27	19	injury	injury	NOUN
easat-1586	27	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	27	21	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-1586	27	22	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	27	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	27	24	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	27	25	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	27	26	referred	refer	VERB
easat-1586	27	27	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	27	28	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	27	29	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	27	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	27	31	pinotti	pinotti	VERB
easat-1586	27	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	27	33	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	27	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	27	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	28	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	28	2	forceful	forceful	ADJ
easat-1586	28	3	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-1586	28	4	usually	usually	ADV
easat-1586	28	5	takes	take	VERB
easat-1586	28	6	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-1586	28	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	28	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	28	9	vulnerabilities	vulnerability	NOUN
easat-1586	28	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	28	11	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	28	12	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	28	13	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	28	14	feel	feel	VERB
easat-1586	28	15	forced	force	VERB
easat-1586	28	16	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	28	17	the	the	DET
easat-1586	28	18	menace	menace	NOUN
easat-1586	28	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	28	20	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	28	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	28	22	destruction	destruction	NOUN
easat-1586	28	23	to	to	PART
easat-1586	28	24	cooperate	cooperate	VERB
easat-1586	28	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	29	1	these	these	DET
easat-1586	29	2	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-1586	29	3	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	29	4	employed	employ	VERB
easat-1586	29	5	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	29	6	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	29	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	29	8	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	29	9	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	29	10	order	order	NOUN
easat-1586	29	11	to	to	PART
easat-1586	29	12	establish	establish	VERB
easat-1586	29	13	control	control	NOUN
easat-1586	29	14	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	29	15	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-1586	29	16	locations	location	NOUN
easat-1586	29	17	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	29	18	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	29	19	become	become	VERB
easat-1586	29	20	an	an	DET
easat-1586	29	21	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	29	22	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	29	23	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	29	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	29	25	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-1586	29	26	seems	seem	VERB
easat-1586	29	27	normal	normal	ADJ
easat-1586	29	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	29	29	grundling	grundling	NOUN
easat-1586	29	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	29	31	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	29	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	29	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	1	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	30	2	racket	racket	NOUN
easat-1586	30	3	involves	involve	VERB
easat-1586	30	4	providing	provide	VERB
easat-1586	30	5	"	"	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	6	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	30	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	8	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	30	9	dangers	danger	NOUN
easat-1586	30	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	30	11	the	the	DET
easat-1586	30	12	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	30	13	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	30	14	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	30	15	initiated	initiate	VERB
easat-1586	30	16	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-1586	30	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	30	18	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	30	19	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	30	20	extortionate	extortionate	ADJ
easat-1586	30	21	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	30	22	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-1586	30	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	24	operating	operate	VERB
easat-1586	30	25	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	30	26	the	the	DET
easat-1586	30	27	basis	basis	NOUN
easat-1586	30	28	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	30	29	offering	offer	VERB
easat-1586	30	30	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-1586	30	31	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	30	32	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	30	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	34	govender	govender	NOUN
easat-1586	30	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	36	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	30	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	30	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	31	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	31	2	dubious	dubious	ADJ
easat-1586	31	3	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	31	4	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	31	5	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	31	6	paid	pay	VERB
easat-1586	31	7	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	31	8	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	31	9	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	31	10	as	as	SCONJ
easat-1586	31	11	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	31	12	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-1586	31	13	injury	injury	NOUN
easat-1586	31	14	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	31	15	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-1586	31	16	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	31	17	further	far	ADV
easat-1586	31	18	consolidates	consolidate	VERB
easat-1586	31	19	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	31	20	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	31	21	grip	grip	NOUN
easat-1586	31	22	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	31	23	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	31	24	territories	territory	NOUN
easat-1586	31	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	31	26	slutzky	slutzky	PROPN
easat-1586	31	27	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	31	28	zeume	zeume	PROPN
easat-1586	31	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	31	30	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	31	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	31	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	32	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	32	2	proceeds	proceed	NOUN
easat-1586	32	3	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	32	4	these	these	DET
easat-1586	32	5	rackets	racket	NOUN
easat-1586	32	6	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	32	7	used	use	VERB
easat-1586	32	8	to	to	PART
easat-1586	32	9	finance	finance	VERB
easat-1586	32	10	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	32	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	32	12	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	32	13	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	32	14	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	32	15	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	32	16	a	a	DET
easat-1586	32	17	vicious	vicious	ADJ
easat-1586	32	18	cycle	cycle	NOUN
easat-1586	32	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	32	20	dependency	dependency	NOUN
easat-1586	32	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	32	22	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	32	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	32	24	seker	seker	PROPN
easat-1586	32	25	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	32	26	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-1586	32	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	32	28	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	32	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	32	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	33	1	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	33	2	the	the	DET
easat-1586	33	3	active	active	ADJ
easat-1586	33	4	interplay	interplay	NOUN
easat-1586	33	5	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	33	6	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	33	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	33	8	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	33	9	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	33	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	33	11	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	33	12	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	33	13	still	still	ADV
easat-1586	33	14	exists	exist	VERB
easat-1586	33	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	33	16	perpetuating	perpetuate	VERB
easat-1586	33	17	its	its	PRON
easat-1586	33	18	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	33	19	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	33	20	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	33	21	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	33	22	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	33	23	eroding	erode	VERB
easat-1586	33	24	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	33	25	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	33	26	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
easat-1586	33	27	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	33	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	33	29	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-1586	33	30	an	an	DET
easat-1586	33	31	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN
easat-1586	33	32	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-1586	33	33	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	33	34	lawlessness	lawlessness	NOUN
easat-1586	33	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-1586	34	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	3	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-1586	34	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	34	5	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	34	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	34	7	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-1586	34	8	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	34	9	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	34	10	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	34	11	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-1586	34	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	34	13	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	34	14	include	include	VERB
easat-1586	34	15	a	a	DET
easat-1586	34	16	blend	blend	NOUN
easat-1586	34	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	34	18	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
easat-1586	34	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	20	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-1586	34	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	34	23	coercion	coercion	NOUN
easat-1586	34	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	25	piemontese	piemontese	ADJ
easat-1586	34	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	27	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	34	28	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	29	seker	seker	NOUN
easat-1586	34	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	31	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	34	32	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-1586	34	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	34	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	34	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	34	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	1	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	35	2	its	its	PRON
easat-1586	35	3	core	core	NOUN
easat-1586	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	5	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	35	6	uses	use	VERB
easat-1586	35	7	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	35	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	35	9	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-1586	35	10	harm	harm	NOUN
easat-1586	35	11	to	to	PART
easat-1586	35	12	extract	extract	VERB
easat-1586	35	13	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	35	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	15	valuables	valuable	NOUN
easat-1586	35	16	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	35	17	services	service	NOUN
easat-1586	35	18	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	35	19	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	35	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	21	olken	olken	NOUN
easat-1586	35	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	35	24	barron	barron	PROPN
easat-1586	35	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	26	2009	2009	NUM
easat-1586	35	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	35	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	36	1	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	36	2	tactics	tactic	NOUN
easat-1586	36	3	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	36	4	used	use	VERB
easat-1586	36	5	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	36	6	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	36	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	36	8	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	36	9	to	to	PART
easat-1586	36	10	perpetuate	perpetuate	VERB
easat-1586	36	11	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	36	12	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	36	13	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	36	14	targets	target	NOUN
easat-1586	36	15	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	36	16	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-1586	36	17	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	36	18	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	36	19	remain	remain	VERB
easat-1586	36	20	under	under	ADP
easat-1586	36	21	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	36	22	control	control	NOUN
easat-1586	36	23	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	36	24	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	36	25	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	36	26	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-1586	36	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	36	28	gambetta	gambetta	NOUN
easat-1586	36	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	36	30	1993	1993	NUM
easat-1586	36	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	36	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	37	1	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-1586	37	2	targets	target	NOUN
easat-1586	37	3	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	37	4	identified	identify	VERB
easat-1586	37	5	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	37	6	this	this	DET
easat-1586	37	7	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-1586	37	8	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	37	9	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-1586	37	10	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	37	11	based	base	VERB
easat-1586	37	12	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	37	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	37	14	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-1586	37	15	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	37	16	those	those	PRON
easat-1586	37	17	perceived	perceive	VERB
easat-1586	37	18	to	to	PART
easat-1586	37	19	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	37	20	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	37	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	37	22	having	have	VERB
easat-1586	37	23	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-1586	37	24	to	to	PART
easat-1586	37	25	meet	meet	VERB
easat-1586	37	26	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-1586	37	27	made	make	VERB
easat-1586	37	28	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	37	29	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	37	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	37	31	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	37	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	37	33	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	37	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	37	35	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	37	36	vanin	vanin	NOUN
easat-1586	37	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	37	38	2016	2016	NUM
easat-1586	37	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	37	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	38	1	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	38	2	many	many	ADJ
easat-1586	38	3	cases	case	NOUN
easat-1586	38	4	extortionists	extortionist	NOUN
easat-1586	38	5	make	make	VERB
easat-1586	38	6	known	know	VERB
easat-1586	38	7	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	38	8	intentions	intention	NOUN
easat-1586	38	9	after	after	ADP
easat-1586	38	10	selecting	select	VERB
easat-1586	38	11	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	38	12	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	38	13	either	either	CCONJ
easat-1586	38	14	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	38	15	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-1586	38	16	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	38	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	38	18	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-1586	38	19	actions	action	NOUN
easat-1586	38	20	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	38	21	amount	amount	VERB
easat-1586	38	22	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	38	23	intimidations	intimidation	NOUN
easat-1586	38	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	39	1	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	39	2	is	be	VERB
easat-1586	39	3	one	one	NUM
easat-1586	39	4	common	common	ADJ
easat-1586	39	5	method	method	NOUN
easat-1586	39	6	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	39	7	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	39	8	overt	overt	ADJ
easat-1586	39	9	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	39	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	39	11	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	39	12	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	39	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	39	14	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	39	15	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	39	16	range	range	VERB
easat-1586	39	17	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	39	18	threatening	threaten	VERB
easat-1586	39	19	the	the	DET
easat-1586	39	20	life	life	NOUN
easat-1586	39	21	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	39	22	an	an	DET
easat-1586	39	23	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	39	24	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	39	25	his	his	PRON
easat-1586	39	26	property	property	NOUN
easat-1586	39	27	to	to	PART
easat-1586	39	28	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-1586	39	29	warnings	warning	NOUN
easat-1586	39	30	about	about	ADP
easat-1586	39	31	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-1586	39	32	harm	harm	NOUN
easat-1586	39	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	40	1	painful	painful	ADJ
easat-1586	40	2	visions	vision	NOUN
easat-1586	40	3	associated	associate	VERB
easat-1586	40	4	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	40	5	creating	create	VERB
easat-1586	40	6	terror	terror	NOUN
easat-1586	40	7	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	40	8	a	a	DET
easat-1586	40	9	victim	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	40	10	facilitate	facilitate	NOUN
easat-1586	40	11	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-1586	40	12	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	40	13	more	more	ADJ
easat-1586	40	14	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
easat-1586	40	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	40	16	he	he	PRON
easat-1586	40	17	will	will	AUX
easat-1586	40	18	obey	obey	VERB
easat-1586	40	19	all	all	DET
easat-1586	40	20	what	what	PRON
easat-1586	40	21	predator	predator	NOUN
easat-1586	40	22	wants	want	VERB
easat-1586	40	23	him	he	PRON
easat-1586	40	24	to	to	PART
easat-1586	40	25	do	do	VERB
easat-1586	40	26	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	40	27	return	return	NOUN
easat-1586	40	28	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	40	29	his	his	PRON
easat-1586	40	30	life	life	NOUN
easat-1586	40	31	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	40	32	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	40	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	40	34	unodc	unodc	ADJ
easat-1586	40	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	40	36	2010	2010	NUM
easat-1586	40	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	40	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	41	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-1586	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	41	3	others	other	NOUN
easat-1586	41	4	go	go	VERB
easat-1586	41	5	ahead	ahead	ADV
easat-1586	41	6	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	41	7	destroying	destroy	VERB
easat-1586	41	8	possessions	possession	NOUN
easat-1586	41	9	just	just	ADV
easat-1586	41	10	to	to	PART
easat-1586	41	11	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-1586	41	12	how	how	SCONJ
easat-1586	41	13	serious	serious	ADJ
easat-1586	41	14	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	41	15	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	41	16	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	41	17	using	use	VERB
easat-1586	41	18	power	power	NOUN
easat-1586	41	19	play	play	NOUN
easat-1586	41	20	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-1586	41	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	41	22	unodc	unodc	ADJ
easat-1586	41	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	41	24	2010	2010	NUM
easat-1586	41	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	41	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	42	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-1586	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	42	3	psychological	psychological	ADJ
easat-1586	42	4	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-1586	42	5	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	42	6	another	another	DET
easat-1586	42	7	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-1586	42	8	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-1586	42	9	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
easat-1586	42	10	extortionists	extortionist	NOUN
easat-1586	42	11	put	put	VERB
easat-1586	42	12	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	42	13	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	42	14	under	under	ADP
easat-1586	42	15	a	a	DET
easat-1586	42	16	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-1586	42	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	42	18	guilt	guilt	NOUN
easat-1586	42	19	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	42	20	obligation	obligation	NOUN
easat-1586	42	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	42	22	asmundo	asmundo	NOUN
easat-1586	42	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	42	24	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	42	25	lisciandra	lisciandra	NOUN
easat-1586	42	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	42	27	2008	2008	NUM
easat-1586	42	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	42	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	43	1	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	43	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-1586	43	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	43	4	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	43	5	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	43	6	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	43	7	presented	present	VERB
easat-1586	43	8	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	43	9	repaying	repay	VERB
easat-1586	43	10	past	past	NOUN
easat-1586	43	11	favors	favor	NOUN
easat-1586	43	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	43	13	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN
easat-1586	43	14	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	43	15	targeting	target	VERB
easat-1586	43	16	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	43	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	43	18	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	43	19	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	43	20	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	43	21	previously	previously	ADV
easat-1586	43	22	been	be	AUX
easat-1586	43	23	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-1586	43	24	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	43	25	these	these	DET
easat-1586	43	26	gangsters	gangster	NOUN
easat-1586	43	27	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	43	28	one	one	NUM
easat-1586	43	29	way	way	NOUN
easat-1586	43	30	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	43	31	another	another	PRON
easat-1586	43	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	43	33	gambetta	gambetta	NOUN
easat-1586	43	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	43	35	1993	1993	NUM
easat-1586	43	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	43	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	44	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	44	2	victim	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	44	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	44	4	conscience	conscience	NOUN
easat-1586	44	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	44	6	feeling	feeling	NOUN
easat-1586	44	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	44	8	obligation	obligation	NOUN
easat-1586	44	9	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	44	10	targeted	target	VERB
easat-1586	44	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	45	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	45	2	makes	make	VERB
easat-1586	45	3	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	45	4	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-1586	45	5	for	for	SCONJ
easat-1586	45	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	45	7	victim	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	45	8	to	to	PART
easat-1586	45	9	decline	decline	VERB
easat-1586	45	10	payment	payment	NOUN
easat-1586	45	11	without	without	ADP
easat-1586	45	12	experiencing	experience	VERB
easat-1586	45	13	moral	moral	ADJ
easat-1586	45	14	conflict	conflict	NOUN
easat-1586	45	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	45	16	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	45	17	stigma	stigma	NOUN
easat-1586	45	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	45	19	seker	seker	NOUN
easat-1586	45	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	45	21	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	45	22	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-1586	45	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	45	24	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	45	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	45	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	1	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	46	2	are	be	VERB
easat-1586	46	3	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	46	4	methods	method	NOUN
easat-1586	46	5	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	46	6	extortionists	extortionist	NOUN
easat-1586	46	7	normally	normally	ADV
easat-1586	46	8	employ	employ	VERB
easat-1586	46	9	so	so	SCONJ
easat-1586	46	10	as	as	SCONJ
easat-1586	46	11	to	to	PART
easat-1586	46	12	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-1586	46	13	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-1586	46	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	46	15	prosecution	prosecution	NOUN
easat-1586	46	16	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	46	17	include	include	VERB
easat-1586	46	18	opening	open	VERB
easat-1586	46	19	front	front	ADJ
easat-1586	46	20	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	46	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	46	22	employing	employ	VERB
easat-1586	46	23	intermediaries	intermediary	NOUN
easat-1586	46	24	to	to	PART
easat-1586	46	25	launder	launder	VERB
easat-1586	46	26	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	46	27	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	46	28	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	46	29	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	46	30	the	the	DET
easat-1586	46	31	2124	2124	NUM
easat-1586	46	32	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	46	33	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	46	34	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	46	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	46	36	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	46	37	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	46	38	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	39	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	46	40	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	46	41	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	46	42	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	46	43	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	46	44	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	46	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	46	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	46	47	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	46	48	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	46	49	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	46	50	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	46	51	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	46	52	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	46	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	54	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	46	55	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	46	56	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	57	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	46	58	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	46	59	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	46	60	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	46	61	the	the	DET
easat-1586	46	62	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	46	63	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	64	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	46	65	learning	learn	VERB
easat-1586	46	66	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-1586	46	67	source	source	NOUN
easat-1586	46	68	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	46	69	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	46	70	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	46	71	unclear	unclear	ADJ
easat-1586	46	72	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	73	asmundo	asmundo	NOUN
easat-1586	46	74	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	75	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	46	76	lisciandra	lisciandra	NOUN
easat-1586	46	77	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	78	2008	2008	NUM
easat-1586	46	79	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	46	80	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	1	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	47	2	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-1586	47	3	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-1586	47	4	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	47	5	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-1586	47	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	47	7	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-1586	47	8	act	act	NOUN
easat-1586	47	9	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	47	10	extorting	extorting	NOUN
easat-1586	47	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	12	lawbreakers	lawbreaker	NOUN
easat-1586	47	13	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-1586	47	14	outright	outright	ADJ
easat-1586	47	15	self	self	NOUN
easat-1586	47	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	17	incrimination	incrimination	NOUN
easat-1586	47	18	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	47	19	minimizing	minimize	VERB
easat-1586	47	20	chances	chance	NOUN
easat-1586	47	21	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	47	22	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	47	23	charged	charge	VERB
easat-1586	47	24	before	before	ADP
easat-1586	47	25	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	47	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	27	amodio	amodio	NOUN
easat-1586	47	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	29	choi	choi	NOUN
easat-1586	47	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	31	de	de	X
easat-1586	47	32	giorgi	giorgi	PROPN
easat-1586	47	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	34	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	47	35	rahman	rahman	PROPN
easat-1586	47	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	37	2022	2022	NUM
easat-1586	47	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	47	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	48	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
easat-1586	48	2	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	48	3	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	48	4	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
easat-1586	48	5	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-1586	48	6	advances	advance	NOUN
easat-1586	48	7	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	48	8	encrypted	encrypt	VERB
easat-1586	48	9	communications	communication	NOUN
easat-1586	48	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	48	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-1586	48	12	payments	payment	NOUN
easat-1586	48	13	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	48	14	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	48	15	mode	mode	NOUN
easat-1586	48	16	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	48	17	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-1586	48	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	48	19	minimizing	minimize	VERB
easat-1586	48	20	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-1586	48	21	associated	associate	VERB
easat-1586	48	22	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	48	23	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	48	24	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	48	25	including	include	VERB
easat-1586	48	26	interception	interception	NOUN
easat-1586	48	27	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	48	28	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	48	29	agents	agent	NOUN
easat-1586	48	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	49	1	further	far	ADV
easat-1586	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	49	3	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	49	4	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-1586	49	5	a	a	DET
easat-1586	49	6	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-1586	49	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	49	8	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	49	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	49	10	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-1586	49	11	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	49	12	the	the	DET
easat-1586	49	13	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	49	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	49	15	the	the	DET
easat-1586	49	16	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-1586	49	17	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-1586	49	18	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	49	19	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	49	20	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	49	21	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
easat-1586	49	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	49	23	calderoni	calderoni	NOUN
easat-1586	49	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	49	25	2011	2011	NUM
easat-1586	49	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	49	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	50	1	once	once	SCONJ
easat-1586	50	2	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	50	3	pay	pay	VERB
easat-1586	50	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	50	5	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	50	6	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	50	7	commonly	commonly	ADV
easat-1586	50	8	threatened	threaten	VERB
easat-1586	50	9	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	50	10	silence	silence	NOUN
easat-1586	50	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	50	12	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	50	13	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	50	14	subjected	subject	VERB
easat-1586	50	15	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	50	16	more	more	ADJ
easat-1586	50	17	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
easat-1586	50	18	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	50	19	case	case	NOUN
easat-1586	50	20	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	50	21	report	report	VERB
easat-1586	50	22	this	this	DET
easat-1586	50	23	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	50	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	51	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	51	2	power	power	NOUN
easat-1586	51	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	51	4	these	these	DET
easat-1586	51	5	extortionists	extortionist	NOUN
easat-1586	51	6	increases	increase	VERB
easat-1586	51	7	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	51	8	greater	great	ADJ
easat-1586	51	9	numbers	number	NOUN
easat-1586	51	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	51	11	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	51	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	51	13	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	51	14	fall	fall	VERB
easat-1586	51	15	prey	prey	NOUN
easat-1586	51	16	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	51	17	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	51	18	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	51	19	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	51	20	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	51	21	harder	hard	ADV
easat-1586	51	22	for	for	SCONJ
easat-1586	51	23	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-1586	51	24	to	to	PART
easat-1586	51	25	intervene	intervene	VERB
easat-1586	51	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	51	27	restore	restore	VERB
easat-1586	51	28	order	order	NOUN
easat-1586	51	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	52	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	52	2	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-1586	52	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-1586	52	4	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	52	5	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-1586	52	6	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	52	7	not	not	PART
easat-1586	52	8	only	only	ADV
easat-1586	52	9	sustaining	sustain	VERB
easat-1586	52	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	52	11	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	52	12	racket	racket	NOUN
easat-1586	52	13	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	52	14	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	52	15	eroding	erode	VERB
easat-1586	52	16	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	52	17	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
easat-1586	52	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	52	19	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	52	20	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	52	21	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
easat-1586	52	22	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	52	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-1586	53	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	3	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-1586	53	4	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	53	5	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	53	6	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	53	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	53	8	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	53	9	the	the	DET
easat-1586	53	10	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-1586	53	11	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	53	12	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	53	13	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	53	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	53	15	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	53	16	involve	involve	VERB
easat-1586	53	17	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-1586	53	18	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-1586	53	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	53	20	power	power	NOUN
easat-1586	53	21	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-1586	53	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	23	psychological	psychological	ADJ
easat-1586	53	24	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
easat-1586	53	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	26	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-1586	53	27	coercion	coercion	NOUN
easat-1586	53	28	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	53	29	others	other	NOUN
easat-1586	53	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	31	asmundo	asmundo	NOUN
easat-1586	53	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	33	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	53	34	lisciandra	lisciandra	NOUN
easat-1586	53	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	36	2008	2008	NUM
easat-1586	53	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	53	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	54	1	to	to	PART
easat-1586	54	2	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-1586	54	3	complete	complete	ADJ
easat-1586	54	4	control	control	NOUN
easat-1586	54	5	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	54	6	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	54	7	subjects	subject	NOUN
easat-1586	54	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	54	9	maximize	maximize	VERB
easat-1586	54	10	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	54	11	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-1586	54	12	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	54	13	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	54	14	exploit	exploit	VERB
easat-1586	54	15	victim	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	54	16	vulnerabilities	vulnerability	NOUN
easat-1586	54	17	taking	take	VERB
easat-1586	54	18	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-1586	54	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	54	20	every	every	DET
easat-1586	54	21	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	54	22	available	available	ADJ
easat-1586	54	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	1	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-1586	55	2	begin	begin	VERB
easat-1586	55	3	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	55	4	suspects	suspect	NOUN
easat-1586	55	5	identify	identify	VERB
easat-1586	55	6	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-1586	55	7	targets	target	NOUN
easat-1586	55	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	55	9	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	55	10	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	55	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	12	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	55	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	55	14	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	55	15	whole	whole	ADJ
easat-1586	55	16	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	55	17	seen	see	VERB
easat-1586	55	18	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	55	19	lucrative	lucrative	ADJ
easat-1586	55	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	55	21	easy	easy	ADJ
easat-1586	55	22	preys	prey	NOUN
easat-1586	55	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	24	alesina	alesina	NOUN
easat-1586	55	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	26	piccolo	piccolo	NOUN
easat-1586	55	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	28	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	55	29	pinotti	pinotti	VERB
easat-1586	55	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	31	2018	2018	NUM
easat-1586	55	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	55	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	56	1	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	56	2	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	56	3	occasions	occasion	NOUN
easat-1586	56	4	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	56	5	assert	assert	VERB
easat-1586	56	6	dominance	dominance	NOUN
easat-1586	56	7	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	56	8	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	56	9	ranging	range	VERB
easat-1586	56	10	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	56	11	open	open	ADJ
easat-1586	56	12	aggression	aggression	NOUN
easat-1586	56	13	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	56	14	subtle	subtle	ADJ
easat-1586	56	15	forms	form	NOUN
easat-1586	56	16	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	56	17	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-1586	56	18	blackmail	blackmail	NOUN
easat-1586	56	19	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	56	20	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	56	21	humiliation	humiliation	NOUN
easat-1586	56	22	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	56	23	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-1586	56	24	harassment	harassment	NOUN
easat-1586	56	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	57	1	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-1586	57	2	a	a	DET
easat-1586	57	3	power	power	NOUN
easat-1586	57	4	imbalance	imbalance	NOUN
easat-1586	57	5	favoring	favor	VERB
easat-1586	57	6	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	57	7	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	57	8	very	very	ADV
easat-1586	57	9	important	important	ADJ
easat-1586	57	10	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	57	11	this	this	DET
easat-1586	57	12	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-1586	57	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	58	1	typically	typically	ADV
easat-1586	58	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	58	3	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	58	4	contact	contact	NOUN
easat-1586	58	5	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	58	6	made	make	VERB
easat-1586	58	7	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	58	8	a	a	DET
easat-1586	58	9	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	58	10	group	group	NOUN
easat-1586	58	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	58	12	its	its	PRON
easat-1586	58	13	prey	prey	NOUN
easat-1586	58	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	58	15	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	58	16	would	would	AUX
easat-1586	58	17	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	58	18	an	an	DET
easat-1586	58	19	element	element	NOUN
easat-1586	58	20	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	58	21	force	force	NOUN
easat-1586	58	22	combined	combine	VERB
easat-1586	58	23	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	58	24	some	some	DET
easat-1586	58	25	manipulative	manipulative	ADJ
easat-1586	58	26	tactics	tactic	NOUN
easat-1586	58	27	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	58	28	the	the	DET
easat-1586	58	29	defendant	defendant	NOUN
easat-1586	58	30	side	side	NOUN
easat-1586	58	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	59	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-1586	59	2	times	time	NOUN
easat-1586	59	3	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	59	4	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	59	5	no	no	DET
easat-1586	59	6	option	option	NOUN
easat-1586	59	7	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	59	8	than	than	ADP
easat-1586	59	9	obeying	obey	VERB
easat-1586	59	10	orders	order	NOUN
easat-1586	59	11	just	just	ADV
easat-1586	59	12	because	because	SCONJ
easat-1586	59	13	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-1586	59	14	to	to	PART
easat-1586	59	15	do	do	AUX
easat-1586	59	16	so	so	ADV
easat-1586	59	17	implies	imply	VERB
easat-1586	59	18	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-1586	59	19	pain	pain	NOUN
easat-1586	59	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	59	21	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-1586	59	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	59	23	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	59	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	59	25	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	59	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	59	27	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	59	28	vanin	vanin	NOUN
easat-1586	59	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	59	30	2016	2016	NUM
easat-1586	59	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	59	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	60	1	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	60	2	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	60	3	either	either	CCONJ
easat-1586	60	4	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	60	5	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-1586	60	6	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	60	7	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-1586	60	8	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	60	9	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	60	10	property	property	NOUN
easat-1586	60	11	damage	damage	NOUN
easat-1586	60	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	60	13	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-1586	60	14	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	60	15	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	60	16	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	60	17	getting	get	VERB
easat-1586	60	18	a	a	DET
easat-1586	60	19	bad	bad	ADJ
easat-1586	60	20	name	name	NOUN
easat-1586	60	21	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	60	22	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	60	23	eyes	eye	NOUN
easat-1586	60	24	leading	lead	VERB
easat-1586	60	25	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	60	26	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-1586	60	27	breakdowns	breakdown	NOUN
easat-1586	60	28	amongst	amongst	ADP
easat-1586	60	29	others	other	NOUN
easat-1586	60	30	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	60	31	should	should	AUX
easat-1586	60	32	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	60	33	employed	employ	VERB
easat-1586	60	34	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	60	35	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	60	36	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	60	37	those	those	PRON
easat-1586	60	38	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	60	39	refuse	refuse	VERB
easat-1586	60	40	cooperating	cooperate	VERB
easat-1586	60	41	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	60	42	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	60	43	towards	towards	ADP
easat-1586	60	44	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-1586	60	45	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	60	46	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-1586	60	47	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	60	48	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	60	49	always	always	ADV
easat-1586	60	50	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-1586	60	51	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	60	52	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	60	53	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	60	54	’	’	PART
easat-1586	60	55	sides	side	NOUN
easat-1586	60	56	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	60	57	asmundo	asmundo	NOUN
easat-1586	60	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	60	59	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	60	60	lisciandra	lisciandra	NOUN
easat-1586	60	61	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	60	62	2008	2008	NUM
easat-1586	60	63	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	60	64	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	61	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	61	2	will	will	AUX
easat-1586	61	3	create	create	VERB
easat-1586	61	4	some	some	DET
easat-1586	61	5	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-1586	61	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	61	7	whatever	whatever	PRON
easat-1586	61	8	happens	happen	VERB
easat-1586	61	9	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	61	10	unavoidable	unavoidable	ADJ
easat-1586	61	11	so	so	SCONJ
easat-1586	61	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	61	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	61	14	victim	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	61	15	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	61	16	give	give	VERB
easat-1586	61	17	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	61	18	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	61	19	the	the	DET
easat-1586	61	20	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	61	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	62	1	to	to	PART
easat-1586	62	2	make	make	VERB
easat-1586	62	3	the	the	DET
easat-1586	62	4	matter	matter	NOUN
easat-1586	62	5	worse	bad	ADJ
easat-1586	62	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	62	7	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	62	8	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	62	9	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	62	10	a	a	DET
easat-1586	62	11	lot	lot	NOUN
easat-1586	62	12	easier	easy	ADJ
easat-1586	62	13	psychologically	psychologically	ADV
easat-1586	62	14	for	for	SCONJ
easat-1586	62	15	one	one	NUM
easat-1586	62	16	to	to	PART
easat-1586	62	17	just	just	ADV
easat-1586	62	18	go	go	VERB
easat-1586	62	19	along	along	ADV
easat-1586	62	20	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	62	21	what	what	PRON
easat-1586	62	22	these	these	DET
easat-1586	62	23	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	62	24	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	62	25	demanding	demand	VERB
easat-1586	62	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	63	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	63	2	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	63	3	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	63	4	suffers	suffer	VERB
easat-1586	63	5	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	63	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	63	7	erosion	erosion	NOUN
easat-1586	63	8	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	63	9	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	63	10	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	63	11	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	63	12	gangs	gang	NOUN
easat-1586	63	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	63	14	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	63	15	targets	target	NOUN
easat-1586	63	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	64	1	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	64	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	64	4	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	64	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	64	6	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	64	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	64	8	assert	assert	VERB
easat-1586	64	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	64	10	some	some	DET
easat-1586	64	11	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	64	12	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	64	13	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	64	14	coerced	coerce	VERB
easat-1586	64	15	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	64	16	silence	silence	NOUN
easat-1586	64	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	64	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	64	19	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	64	20	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	64	21	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	64	22	easily	easily	ADV
easat-1586	64	23	branded	brand	VERB
easat-1586	64	24	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	64	25	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	64	26	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	64	27	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-1586	64	28	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	64	29	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	64	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	64	31	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	64	32	makes	make	VERB
easat-1586	64	33	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	64	34	to	to	PART
easat-1586	64	35	lose	lose	VERB
easat-1586	64	36	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-1586	64	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	64	38	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	64	39	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	64	40	no	no	DET
easat-1586	64	41	friends	friend	NOUN
easat-1586	64	42	anymore	anymore	ADV
easat-1586	64	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	65	1	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	65	2	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	65	3	afraid	afraid	ADJ
easat-1586	65	4	to	to	PART
easat-1586	65	5	report	report	VERB
easat-1586	65	6	a	a	DET
easat-1586	65	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	65	8	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	65	9	the	the	DET
easat-1586	65	10	police	police	NOUN
easat-1586	65	11	because	because	SCONJ
easat-1586	65	12	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	65	13	different	different	ADJ
easat-1586	65	14	reasons	reason	NOUN
easat-1586	65	15	including	include	VERB
easat-1586	65	16	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN
easat-1586	65	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	65	18	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	65	19	stigma	stigma	NOUN
easat-1586	65	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	66	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	66	2	only	only	ADV
easat-1586	66	3	serves	serve	VERB
easat-1586	66	4	to	to	PART
easat-1586	66	5	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-1586	66	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	66	7	grip	grip	NOUN
easat-1586	66	8	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	66	9	these	these	DET
easat-1586	66	10	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	66	11	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	66	12	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	66	13	members	member	NOUN
easat-1586	66	14	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	66	15	ironically	ironically	ADV
easat-1586	66	16	should	should	AUX
easat-1586	66	17	serve	serve	VERB
easat-1586	66	18	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	66	19	a	a	DET
easat-1586	66	20	way	way	NOUN
easat-1586	66	21	to	to	PART
easat-1586	66	22	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-1586	66	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	66	24	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
easat-1586	66	25	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	66	26	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	66	27	a	a	DET
easat-1586	66	28	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-1586	66	29	basis	basis	NOUN
easat-1586	66	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	67	1	due	due	ADP
easat-1586	67	2	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	67	3	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	67	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	67	5	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	67	6	bonds	bond	NOUN
easat-1586	67	7	get	get	AUX
easat-1586	67	8	weakened	weaken	VERB
easat-1586	67	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	67	10	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	67	11	persists	persist	VERB
easat-1586	67	12	unabatedly	unabatedly	ADV
easat-1586	67	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	68	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-1586	68	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	1	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-1586	69	2	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-1586	69	3	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	69	4	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	69	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	69	6	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	69	7	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	69	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	69	9	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-1586	69	10	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-1586	69	11	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	69	12	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	69	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	69	14	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	69	15	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	69	16	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	69	17	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	69	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	69	19	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	69	20	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	69	21	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	69	22	immense	immense	ADJ
easat-1586	69	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	69	24	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-1586	69	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	26	alexeev	alexeev	PROPN
easat-1586	69	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	28	janeba	janeba	PROPN
easat-1586	69	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	69	31	osborne	osborne	PROPN
easat-1586	69	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	33	2004	2004	NUM
easat-1586	69	34	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	35	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	69	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	37	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	69	38	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	69	39	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	69	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	41	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	69	42	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	69	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	70	1	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	70	2	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	70	3	usually	usually	ADV
easat-1586	70	4	become	become	VERB
easat-1586	70	5	isolated	isolated	ADJ
easat-1586	70	6	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	70	7	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	70	8	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	70	9	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	70	10	attacked	attack	VERB
easat-1586	70	11	if	if	SCONJ
easat-1586	70	12	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	70	13	speak	speak	VERB
easat-1586	70	14	out	out	ADP
easat-1586	70	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	70	16	calderoni	calderoni	NOUN
easat-1586	70	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	70	18	2011	2011	NUM
easat-1586	70	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	70	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	71	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	71	2	disintegration	disintegration	NOUN
easat-1586	71	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	71	4	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	71	5	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	71	6	result	result	VERB
easat-1586	71	7	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	71	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	71	9	disintegration	disintegration	NOUN
easat-1586	71	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	71	11	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	71	12	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
easat-1586	71	13	as	as	SCONJ
easat-1586	71	14	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	71	15	start	start	VERB
easat-1586	71	16	to	to	PART
easat-1586	71	17	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	71	18	cautious	cautious	ADJ
easat-1586	71	19	about	about	ADP
easat-1586	71	20	one	one	NUM
easat-1586	71	21	another	another	DET
easat-1586	71	22	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	71	23	not	not	PART
easat-1586	71	24	ready	ready	ADJ
easat-1586	71	25	to	to	PART
easat-1586	71	26	engage	engage	VERB
easat-1586	71	27	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	71	28	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	71	29	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	71	30	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	71	31	support	support	VERB
easat-1586	71	32	each	each	DET
easat-1586	71	33	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	71	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	72	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-1586	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	72	3	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	72	4	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	72	5	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	72	6	terror	terror	NOUN
easat-1586	72	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	72	8	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-1586	72	9	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	72	10	increase	increase	VERB
easat-1586	72	11	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	72	12	disunity	disunity	NOUN
easat-1586	72	13	whereby	whereby	ADV
easat-1586	72	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	72	15	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	72	16	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-1586	72	17	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	72	18	spaces	space	NOUN
easat-1586	72	19	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	72	20	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	72	21	ties	tie	NOUN
easat-1586	72	22	start	start	VERB
easat-1586	72	23	to	to	PART
easat-1586	72	24	weaken	weaken	VERB
easat-1586	72	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	73	1	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	73	2	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	73	3	places	place	VERB
easat-1586	73	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-1586	73	5	burdens	burden	NOUN
easat-1586	73	6	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	73	7	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	73	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	73	9	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	73	10	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	73	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	74	1	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	74	3	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	74	4	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	74	6	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	74	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	74	8	assert	assert	VERB
easat-1586	74	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	74	10	paying	pay	VERB
easat-1586	74	11	extortionate	extortionate	ADJ
easat-1586	74	12	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-1586	74	13	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	74	14	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	74	15	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	74	16	prove	prove	VERB
easat-1586	74	17	costly	costly	ADJ
easat-1586	74	18	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	74	19	depriving	deprive	VERB
easat-1586	74	20	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	74	21	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	74	22	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	74	23	would	would	AUX
easat-1586	74	24	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	74	25	been	be	AUX
easat-1586	74	26	channeled	channel	VERB
easat-1586	74	27	towards	towards	ADP
easat-1586	74	28	2125	2125	NUM
easat-1586	74	29	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	74	30	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	74	31	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	74	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	74	33	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	74	34	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	74	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	74	36	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	74	37	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	74	38	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	74	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	74	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	74	41	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	74	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	74	43	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	74	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	75	1	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	75	2	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	75	3	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	75	4	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	75	5	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	75	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	75	7	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	75	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	75	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	75	10	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	75	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	75	12	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	75	13	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	75	14	the	the	DET
easat-1586	75	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	75	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	75	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	75	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-1586	75	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-1586	75	20	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-1586	75	21	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-1586	75	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	75	23	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	75	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	76	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	76	2	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-1586	76	3	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-1586	76	4	could	could	AUX
easat-1586	76	5	lead	lead	VERB
easat-1586	76	6	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	76	7	high	high	ADJ
easat-1586	76	8	prices	price	NOUN
easat-1586	76	9	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	76	10	goods	good	NOUN
easat-1586	76	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	76	12	services	service	NOUN
easat-1586	76	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	76	14	reduced	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	76	15	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-1586	76	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	76	17	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	76	18	close	close	VERB
easat-1586	76	19	down	down	ADP
easat-1586	76	20	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	76	21	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	76	22	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-1586	76	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	77	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-1586	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	77	3	extortions	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	77	4	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-1586	77	5	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	77	6	cause	cause	VERB
easat-1586	77	7	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-1586	77	8	investors	investor	NOUN
easat-1586	77	9	to	to	PART
easat-1586	77	10	back	back	VERB
easat-1586	77	11	out	out	ADP
easat-1586	77	12	leading	lead	VERB
easat-1586	77	13	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	77	14	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	77	15	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
easat-1586	77	16	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	77	17	a	a	DET
easat-1586	77	18	result	result	NOUN
easat-1586	77	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	77	20	perceiving	perceive	VERB
easat-1586	77	21	unstable	unstable	ADJ
easat-1586	77	22	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	77	23	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ
easat-1586	77	24	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	77	25	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	77	26	discouraging	discourage	VERB
easat-1586	77	27	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	77	28	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	77	29	entrepreneurial	entrepreneurial	ADJ
easat-1586	77	30	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	77	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	78	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	78	2	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	78	3	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-1586	78	4	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	78	5	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-1586	78	6	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	78	7	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	78	8	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	78	9	job	job	NOUN
easat-1586	78	10	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-1586	78	11	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	78	12	further	far	ADV
easat-1586	78	13	worsens	worsen	VERB
easat-1586	78	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-1586	78	15	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	78	16	inequality	inequality	PROPN
easat-1586	78	17	levels	level	NOUN
easat-1586	78	18	amid	amid	ADP
easat-1586	78	19	affected	affect	VERB
easat-1586	78	20	societies	society	NOUN
easat-1586	78	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-1586	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	3	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	79	4	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	79	5	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-1586	79	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	79	7	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	79	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	79	9	suffer	suffer	VERB
easat-1586	79	10	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	79	11	the	the	DET
easat-1586	79	12	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	79	13	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	79	14	extortions	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	79	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-1586	79	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	17	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	79	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	19	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	79	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	21	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	79	22	vanin	vanin	NOUN
easat-1586	79	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	24	2016	2016	NUM
easat-1586	79	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	79	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	80	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-1586	80	2	times	time	NOUN
easat-1586	80	3	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	80	4	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	80	5	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	80	6	seeking	seek	VERB
easat-1586	80	7	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	80	8	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	80	9	will	will	AUX
easat-1586	80	10	corrupt	corrupt	VERB
easat-1586	80	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	80	12	subvert	subvert	VERB
easat-1586	80	13	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	80	14	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-1586	80	15	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	80	16	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-1586	80	17	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	80	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	80	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	80	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	80	21	amodio	amodio	NOUN
easat-1586	80	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	80	23	et	et	PROPN
easat-1586	80	24	al	al	PROPN
easat-1586	80	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	80	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	80	27	2022	2022	NUM
easat-1586	80	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	80	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	81	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-1586	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	81	3	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	81	4	lead	lead	VERB
easat-1586	81	5	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	81	6	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	81	7	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	81	8	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	81	9	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	81	10	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	81	11	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	81	12	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	81	13	incapable	incapable	ADJ
easat-1586	81	14	addressing	address	VERB
easat-1586	81	15	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	81	16	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-1586	81	17	neither	neither	CCONJ
easat-1586	81	18	preventing	prevent	VERB
easat-1586	81	19	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	81	20	adequately	adequately	ADV
easat-1586	81	21	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	81	22	before	before	ADV
easat-1586	81	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	82	1	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	82	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	82	3	lose	lose	VERB
easat-1586	82	4	credibility	credibility	NOUN
easat-1586	82	5	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	82	6	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	82	7	citizens	citizen	NOUN
easat-1586	82	8	’	’	PART
easat-1586	82	9	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-1586	82	10	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	82	11	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	82	12	affairs	affair	NOUN
easat-1586	82	13	besides	besides	SCONJ
easat-1586	82	14	diminishing	diminish	VERB
easat-1586	82	15	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	82	16	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	82	17	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	82	18	government	government	NOUN
easat-1586	82	19	itself	itself	PRON
easat-1586	82	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	83	2	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-1586	83	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	83	4	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	83	5	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	83	6	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	83	7	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	83	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	83	9	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	83	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	83	11	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	83	12	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	83	13	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-1586	83	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	15	amodio	amodio	NOUN
easat-1586	83	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	17	choi	choi	NOUN
easat-1586	83	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	19	de	de	X
easat-1586	83	20	giorgi	giorgi	PROPN
easat-1586	83	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	22	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	83	23	rahman	rahman	PROPN
easat-1586	83	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	25	2022	2022	NUM
easat-1586	83	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	83	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	84	1	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	84	2	gangs	gang	NOUN
easat-1586	84	3	practicing	practice	VERB
easat-1586	84	4	blackmail	blackmail	NOUN
easat-1586	84	5	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	84	6	seek	seek	VERB
easat-1586	84	7	to	to	PART
easat-1586	84	8	bribe	bribe	VERB
easat-1586	84	9	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	84	10	undermine	undermine	VERB
easat-1586	84	11	district	district	NOUN
easat-1586	84	12	officials	official	NOUN
easat-1586	84	13	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	84	14	upholding	uphold	VERB
easat-1586	84	15	its	its	PRON
easat-1586	84	16	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-1586	84	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	85	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	85	2	graft	graft	NOUN
easat-1586	85	3	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	85	4	weaken	weaken	VERB
easat-1586	85	5	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-1586	85	6	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	85	7	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	85	8	plus	plus	CCONJ
easat-1586	85	9	courts	court	NOUN
easat-1586	85	10	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	85	11	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	85	12	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	85	13	capability	capability	NOUN
easat-1586	85	14	to	to	PART
easat-1586	85	15	handle	handle	VERB
easat-1586	85	16	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	85	17	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
easat-1586	85	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	85	19	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	85	20	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-1586	85	21	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	85	22	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-1586	85	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	86	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	86	2	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-1586	86	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	86	4	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-1586	86	5	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	86	6	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	86	7	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	86	8	has	have	AUX
easat-1586	86	9	resulted	result	VERB
easat-1586	86	10	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	86	11	low	low	ADJ
easat-1586	86	12	levels	level	NOUN
easat-1586	86	13	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	86	14	civic	civic	ADJ
easat-1586	86	15	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-1586	86	16	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	86	17	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	86	18	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	86	19	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-1586	86	20	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	86	21	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	86	22	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	86	23	the	the	DET
easat-1586	86	24	public	public	NOUN
easat-1586	86	25	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	86	26	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	86	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	87	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	87	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	87	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	87	4	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-1586	87	5	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	87	6	perpetuate	perpetuate	VERB
easat-1586	87	7	a	a	DET
easat-1586	87	8	cycle	cycle	NOUN
easat-1586	87	9	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	87	10	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	87	11	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	87	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	87	13	hinder	hinder	NOUN
easat-1586	87	14	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-1586	87	15	to	to	PART
easat-1586	87	16	restore	restore	VERB
easat-1586	87	17	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	87	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	87	19	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	87	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	88	1	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	88	2	health	health	NOUN
easat-1586	88	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	88	4	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-1586	88	5	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	88	6	severely	severely	ADV
easat-1586	88	7	affected	affect	VERB
easat-1586	88	8	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	88	9	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	88	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	88	11	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	88	12	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	88	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	1	psychological	psychological	ADJ
easat-1586	89	2	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	89	3	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	89	4	the	the	DET
easat-1586	89	5	persons	person	NOUN
easat-1586	89	6	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	7	mental	mental	ADJ
easat-1586	89	8	status	status	NOUN
easat-1586	89	9	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	89	10	caused	cause	VERB
easat-1586	89	11	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	89	12	an	an	DET
easat-1586	89	13	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	89	14	created	create	VERB
easat-1586	89	15	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	89	16	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	89	17	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	89	18	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	89	19	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	89	20	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
easat-1586	89	21	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	89	22	extortionists	extortionist	NOUN
easat-1586	89	23	leading	lead	VERB
easat-1586	89	24	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
easat-1586	89	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	26	depression	depression	NOUN
easat-1586	89	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	28	trauma	trauma	NOUN
easat-1586	89	29	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	89	30	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	89	31	psychological	psychological	ADJ
easat-1586	89	32	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-1586	89	33	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	89	34	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	89	35	face	face	VERB
easat-1586	89	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	37	olken	olken	NOUN
easat-1586	89	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	39	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	89	40	barron	barron	PROPN
easat-1586	89	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	42	2009	2009	NUM
easat-1586	89	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	89	44	..	..	PUNCT
easat-1586	90	1	currently	currently	ADV
easat-1586	90	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	90	3	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	90	4	includes	include	VERB
easat-1586	90	5	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-1586	90	6	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	90	7	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	90	8	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	90	9	used	use	VERB
easat-1586	90	10	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-1586	90	11	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	90	12	tactics	tactic	NOUN
easat-1586	90	13	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	90	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	90	15	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	90	16	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	90	17	inflicting	inflict	VERB
easat-1586	90	18	harm	harm	NOUN
easat-1586	90	19	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	90	20	lives	life	NOUN
easat-1586	90	21	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	90	22	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-1586	90	23	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	90	24	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-1586	90	25	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	90	26	the	the	DET
easat-1586	90	27	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	90	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	91	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
easat-1586	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	91	3	if	if	SCONJ
easat-1586	91	4	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	91	5	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	91	6	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	91	7	health	health	NOUN
easat-1586	91	8	care	care	NOUN
easat-1586	91	9	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	91	10	plus	plus	CCONJ
easat-1586	91	11	emergency	emergency	NOUN
easat-1586	91	12	services	service	NOUN
easat-1586	91	13	continue	continue	VERB
easat-1586	91	14	to	to	PART
easat-1586	91	15	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	91	16	strained	strain	VERB
easat-1586	91	17	then	then	ADV
easat-1586	91	18	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-1586	91	19	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-1586	91	20	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	91	21	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	91	22	health	health	NOUN
easat-1586	91	23	coupled	couple	VERB
easat-1586	91	24	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	91	25	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-1586	91	26	will	will	AUX
easat-1586	91	27	only	only	ADV
easat-1586	91	28	intensify	intensify	VERB
easat-1586	91	29	further	far	ADV
easat-1586	91	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	92	1	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	92	2	general	general	ADJ
easat-1586	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	92	4	the	the	DET
easat-1586	92	5	larger	large	ADJ
easat-1586	92	6	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-1586	92	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	92	8	extortions	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	92	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	92	10	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	92	11	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	92	12	do	do	AUX
easat-1586	92	13	not	not	PART
easat-1586	92	14	stop	stop	VERB
easat-1586	92	15	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	92	16	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-1586	92	17	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-1586	92	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	92	19	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	92	20	consequences	consequence	NOUN
easat-1586	92	21	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	92	22	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	92	23	cascading	cascade	VERB
easat-1586	92	24	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	92	25	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	92	26	different	different	ADJ
easat-1586	92	27	facets	facet	NOUN
easat-1586	92	28	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	92	29	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	92	30	life	life	NOUN
easat-1586	92	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	92	32	calderoni	calderoni	NOUN
easat-1586	92	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	92	34	2011	2011	NUM
easat-1586	92	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	92	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	93	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	93	3	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	93	4	follows	follow	VERB
easat-1586	93	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	93	6	broken	break	VERB
easat-1586	93	7	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	93	8	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	93	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	93	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	93	11	instability	instability	NOUN
easat-1586	93	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	93	13	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	93	14	failures	failure	NOUN
easat-1586	93	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	93	16	compromised	compromise	VERB
easat-1586	93	17	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	93	18	health	health	NOUN
easat-1586	93	19	require	require	VERB
easat-1586	93	20	us	we	PRON
easat-1586	93	21	to	to	PART
easat-1586	93	22	act	act	VERB
easat-1586	93	23	urgently	urgently	ADV
easat-1586	93	24	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	93	25	addressing	address	VERB
easat-1586	93	26	this	this	DET
easat-1586	93	27	menace	menace	NOUN
easat-1586	93	28	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	93	29	all	all	DET
easat-1586	93	30	means	mean	NOUN
easat-1586	93	31	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-1586	93	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	94	1	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	94	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-1586	94	3	must	must	AUX
easat-1586	94	4	involve	involve	VERB
easat-1586	94	5	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
easat-1586	94	6	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	94	7	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	94	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	94	9	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-1586	94	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	94	11	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	94	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	94	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	94	14	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-1586	94	15	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	94	16	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
easat-1586	94	17	to	to	PART
easat-1586	94	18	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
easat-1586	94	19	the	the	DET
easat-1586	94	20	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-1586	94	21	damage	damage	NOUN
easat-1586	94	22	caused	cause	VERB
easat-1586	94	23	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	94	24	these	these	DET
easat-1586	94	25	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	94	26	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	94	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	94	28	restore	restore	VERB
easat-1586	94	29	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	94	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	95	1	3.4	3.4	NUM
easat-1586	95	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	95	3	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	95	4	instability	instability	NOUN
easat-1586	95	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	95	6	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	95	7	challenges	challenge	VERB
easat-1586	95	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	95	9	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-1586	95	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	95	11	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	95	12	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	95	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	95	14	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	95	15	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	95	16	generally	generally	ADV
easat-1586	95	17	worsens	worsen	VERB
easat-1586	95	18	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	95	19	instabilities	instability	NOUN
easat-1586	95	20	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-1586	95	21	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	95	22	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-1586	95	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	95	24	alexeev	alexeev	PROPN
easat-1586	95	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	95	26	janeba	janeba	PROPN
easat-1586	95	27	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	95	28	osborne	osborne	PROPN
easat-1586	95	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	95	30	2004	2004	NUM
easat-1586	95	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	95	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	96	1	mostly	mostly	ADV
easat-1586	96	2	these	these	DET
easat-1586	96	3	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	96	4	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	96	5	will	will	AUX
easat-1586	96	6	try	try	VERB
easat-1586	96	7	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-1586	96	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	96	9	corrupting	corrupt	VERB
easat-1586	96	10	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	96	11	processes	process	NOUN
easat-1586	96	12	via	via	ADP
easat-1586	96	13	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	96	14	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	96	15	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-1586	96	16	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	96	17	lead	lead	VERB
easat-1586	96	18	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	96	19	weakening	weaken	VERB
easat-1586	96	20	democratic	democratic	ADJ
easat-1586	96	21	setups	setup	NOUN
easat-1586	96	22	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	96	23	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-1586	96	24	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	96	25	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	96	26	due	due	ADJ
easat-1586	96	27	pressure	pressure	NOUN
easat-1586	96	28	upon	upon	SCONJ
easat-1586	96	29	politicians	politician	NOUN
easat-1586	96	30	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	96	31	result	result	VERB
easat-1586	96	32	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	96	33	favouring	favour	VERB
easat-1586	96	34	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	96	35	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-1586	96	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	96	37	alesina	alesina	NOUN
easat-1586	96	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	96	39	piccolo	piccolo	NOUN
easat-1586	96	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	96	41	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	96	42	pinotti	pinotti	VERB
easat-1586	96	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	96	44	2018	2018	NUM
easat-1586	96	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	96	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	97	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-1586	97	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	97	3	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	97	4	leads	lead	VERB
easat-1586	97	5	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	97	6	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	97	7	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-1586	97	8	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	97	9	has	have	AUX
easat-1586	97	10	been	be	AUX
easat-1586	97	11	undermined	undermine	VERB
easat-1586	97	12	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	97	13	terms	term	NOUN
easat-1586	97	14	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-1586	97	15	making	making	NOUN
easat-1586	97	16	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-1586	97	17	shaped	shape	VERB
easat-1586	97	18	around	around	ADP
easat-1586	97	19	needs	need	NOUN
easat-1586	97	20	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	97	21	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	97	22	rather	rather	ADV
easat-1586	97	23	than	than	ADP
easat-1586	97	24	addressing	address	VERB
easat-1586	97	25	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	97	26	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	97	27	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-1586	97	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	98	1	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	98	2	faith	faith	NOUN
easat-1586	98	3	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	98	4	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	98	5	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	98	6	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	98	7	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
easat-1586	98	8	broken	break	VERB
easat-1586	98	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	98	10	politicians	politician	NOUN
easat-1586	98	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	98	12	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	98	13	officers	officer	NOUN
easat-1586	98	14	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	98	15	accused	accuse	VERB
easat-1586	98	16	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	98	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	98	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	98	19	thought	think	VERB
easat-1586	98	20	to	to	PART
easat-1586	98	21	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	98	22	under	under	ADP
easat-1586	98	23	the	the	DET
easat-1586	98	24	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-1586	98	25	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	98	26	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	98	27	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-1586	98	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	98	29	calderoni	calderoni	NOUN
easat-1586	98	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	98	31	2011	2011	NUM
easat-1586	98	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	98	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	99	1	government	government	NOUN
easat-1586	99	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-1586	99	3	fail	fail	VERB
easat-1586	99	4	to	to	PART
easat-1586	99	5	gain	gain	VERB
easat-1586	99	6	ground	ground	NOUN
easat-1586	99	7	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	99	8	a	a	DET
easat-1586	99	9	result	result	NOUN
easat-1586	99	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	99	11	this	this	DET
easat-1586	99	12	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-1586	99	13	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	99	14	faith	faith	NOUN
easat-1586	99	15	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	99	16	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-1586	99	17	leads	lead	VERB
easat-1586	99	18	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	99	19	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-1586	99	20	disinterest	disinterest	NOUN
easat-1586	99	21	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	99	22	politics	politic	NOUN
easat-1586	99	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	100	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-1586	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	100	3	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	100	4	lose	lose	VERB
easat-1586	100	5	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	100	6	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	100	7	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	100	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-1586	100	9	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	100	10	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	100	11	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	100	12	not	not	PART
easat-1586	100	13	participate	participate	VERB
easat-1586	100	14	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	100	15	democracy	democracy	NOUN
easat-1586	100	16	anymore	anymore	ADV
easat-1586	100	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	100	18	as	as	SCONJ
easat-1586	100	19	such	such	DET
easat-1586	100	20	these	these	DET
easat-1586	100	21	causes	cause	VERB
easat-1586	100	22	further	further	ADJ
easat-1586	100	23	damage	damage	NOUN
easat-1586	100	24	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	100	25	weakening	weaken	VERB
easat-1586	100	26	the	the	DET
easat-1586	100	27	fabric	fabric	NOUN
easat-1586	100	28	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	100	29	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	100	30	leading	lead	VERB
easat-1586	100	31	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	100	32	apathy	apathy	NOUN
easat-1586	100	33	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	100	34	unrest	unrest	NOUN
easat-1586	100	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	101	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-1586	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	101	3	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	101	4	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	101	5	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	101	6	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-1586	101	7	exploit	exploit	VERB
easat-1586	101	8	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	101	9	instability	instability	NOUN
easat-1586	101	10	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	101	11	an	an	DET
easat-1586	101	12	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	101	13	to	to	PART
easat-1586	101	14	extend	extend	VERB
easat-1586	101	15	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	101	16	power	power	NOUN
easat-1586	101	17	base	base	NOUN
easat-1586	101	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	101	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	101	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	101	21	seker	seker	NOUN
easat-1586	101	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	101	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	101	24	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-1586	101	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	101	26	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	101	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	101	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	1	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	102	2	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	102	3	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	102	4	take	take	VERB
easat-1586	102	5	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-1586	102	6	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	102	7	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	102	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	102	9	compromised	compromise	VERB
easat-1586	102	10	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	102	11	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	102	12	to	to	PART
easat-1586	102	13	infiltrate	infiltrate	VERB
easat-1586	102	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	102	15	co	co	VERB
easat-1586	102	16	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	102	17	opt	opt	VERB
easat-1586	102	18	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	102	19	sectors	sector	NOUN
easat-1586	102	20	including	include	VERB
easat-1586	102	21	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	102	22	2126	2126	NUM
easat-1586	102	23	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	102	24	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	102	25	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	102	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	102	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	102	28	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	102	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	30	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	102	31	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	102	32	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	102	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	102	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	102	35	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	102	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	102	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	102	39	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	102	40	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	102	41	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	102	42	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	102	43	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	102	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	45	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	102	46	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	102	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	48	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	102	49	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	102	50	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	102	51	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	102	52	the	the	DET
easat-1586	102	53	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	102	54	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	55	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	102	56	learning	learn	VERB
easat-1586	102	57	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-1586	102	58	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	102	59	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	102	60	judicial	judicial	ADJ
easat-1586	102	61	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	102	62	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	63	slutzky	slutzky	PROPN
easat-1586	102	64	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	102	65	zeume	zeume	PROPN
easat-1586	102	66	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	67	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	102	68	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	102	69	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	103	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	103	2	creates	create	VERB
easat-1586	103	3	a	a	DET
easat-1586	103	4	vicious	vicious	ADJ
easat-1586	103	5	circle	circle	NOUN
easat-1586	103	6	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
easat-1586	103	7	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
easat-1586	103	8	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-1586	103	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	103	10	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-1586	103	11	make	make	VERB
easat-1586	103	12	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	103	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-1586	103	14	for	for	SCONJ
easat-1586	103	15	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-1586	103	16	to	to	PART
easat-1586	103	17	address	address	VERB
easat-1586	103	18	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	103	19	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-1586	103	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	103	21	restore	restore	VERB
easat-1586	103	22	normalcy	normalcy	NOUN
easat-1586	103	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	103	24	piemontese	piemontese	ADJ
easat-1586	103	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	103	26	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	103	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	103	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	104	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	104	2	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
easat-1586	104	3	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-1586	104	4	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	104	5	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-1586	104	6	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	104	7	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	104	8	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	104	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	104	10	justice	justice	NOUN
easat-1586	104	11	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-1586	104	12	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	104	13	places	place	NOUN
easat-1586	104	14	affected	affect	VERB
easat-1586	104	15	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	104	16	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	104	17	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	104	18	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	104	19	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	104	20	a	a	DET
easat-1586	104	21	manifestation	manifestation	NOUN
easat-1586	104	22	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	104	23	how	how	SCONJ
easat-1586	104	24	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-1586	104	25	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	104	26	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	104	27	to	to	PART
easat-1586	104	28	improve	improve	VERB
easat-1586	104	29	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	104	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	105	1	those	those	PRON
easat-1586	105	2	entrusted	entrust	VERB
easat-1586	105	3	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	105	4	enforcing	enforce	VERB
easat-1586	105	5	existing	exist	VERB
easat-1586	105	6	laws	law	NOUN
easat-1586	105	7	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	105	8	end	end	VERB
easat-1586	105	9	up	up	ADP
easat-1586	105	10	blocking	block	VERB
easat-1586	105	11	the	the	DET
easat-1586	105	12	fight	fight	NOUN
easat-1586	105	13	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	105	14	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	105	15	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	105	16	bribery	bribery	NOUN
easat-1586	105	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	105	18	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	105	19	means	mean	NOUN
easat-1586	105	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	105	21	barone	barone	NOUN
easat-1586	105	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	105	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	105	24	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	105	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	105	26	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	105	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	105	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	106	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	106	2	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	106	3	the	the	DET
easat-1586	106	4	police	police	NOUN
easat-1586	106	5	department	department	NOUN
easat-1586	106	6	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	106	7	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN
easat-1586	106	8	makes	make	VERB
easat-1586	106	9	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-1586	106	10	stagnant	stagnant	ADJ
easat-1586	106	11	delaying	delay	VERB
easat-1586	106	12	justice	justice	NOUN
easat-1586	106	13	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	106	14	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	106	15	go	go	VERB
easat-1586	106	16	scot	scot	NOUN
easat-1586	106	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	106	18	free	free	ADJ
easat-1586	106	19	without	without	ADP
easat-1586	106	20	punishment	punishment	NOUN
easat-1586	106	21	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	106	22	again	again	ADV
easat-1586	106	23	prolongs	prolong	VERB
easat-1586	106	24	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	106	25	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	106	26	itself	itself	PRON
easat-1586	106	27	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	106	28	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	106	29	further	far	ADV
easat-1586	106	30	diminishes	diminish	VERB
easat-1586	106	31	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	106	32	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	106	33	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	106	34	provision	provision	NOUN
easat-1586	106	35	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	106	36	the	the	DET
easat-1586	106	37	state	state	NOUN
easat-1586	106	38	according	accord	VERB
easat-1586	106	39	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	106	40	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-1586	106	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	107	1	3.5	3.5	NUM
easat-1586	107	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	108	1	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	108	2	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	108	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	108	4	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	108	5	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-1586	108	6	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	108	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	108	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	108	9	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	108	10	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	108	11	best	well	ADV
easat-1586	108	12	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	108	13	addressed	address	VERB
easat-1586	108	14	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	108	15	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	108	16	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	108	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	108	18	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	108	19	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-1586	108	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	108	21	asmundo	asmundo	NOUN
easat-1586	108	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	108	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	108	24	lisciandra	lisciandra	NOUN
easat-1586	108	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	108	26	2008	2008	NUM
easat-1586	108	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	108	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	109	1	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	109	2	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	109	3	the	the	DET
easat-1586	109	4	capability	capability	NOUN
easat-1586	109	5	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	109	6	a	a	DET
easat-1586	109	7	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	109	8	to	to	PART
easat-1586	109	9	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-1586	109	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	109	11	recover	recover	VERB
easat-1586	109	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	109	13	prosper	prosper	VERB
easat-1586	109	14	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-1586	109	15	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-1586	109	16	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	109	17	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	109	18	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	109	19	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	109	20	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	109	21	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN
easat-1586	109	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	110	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-1586	110	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	110	3	resilient	resilient	ADJ
easat-1586	110	4	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	110	5	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	110	6	those	those	PRON
easat-1586	110	7	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	110	8	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	110	9	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	110	10	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	110	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	110	12	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	110	13	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	110	14	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-1586	110	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	110	16	collective	collective	ADJ
easat-1586	110	17	problemsolving	problemsolving	NOUN
easat-1586	110	18	capacities	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	110	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	111	1	alesina	alesina	PROPN
easat-1586	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	111	3	piccolo	piccolo	NOUN
easat-1586	111	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	111	5	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	111	6	pinotti	pinotti	VERB
easat-1586	111	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	111	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	111	9	2018	2018	NUM
easat-1586	111	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	111	11	asserts	assert	VERB
easat-1586	111	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	111	13	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	111	14	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	111	15	better	well	ADV
easat-1586	111	16	withstand	withstand	VERB
easat-1586	111	17	the	the	DET
easat-1586	111	18	pressures	pressure	NOUN
easat-1586	111	19	imposed	impose	VERB
easat-1586	111	20	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	111	21	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	111	22	elements	element	NOUN
easat-1586	111	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	111	24	work	work	VERB
easat-1586	111	25	together	together	ADV
easat-1586	111	26	to	to	PART
easat-1586	111	27	restore	restore	VERB
easat-1586	111	28	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	111	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	111	30	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	111	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	112	1	strength	strength	NOUN
easat-1586	112	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	112	3	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	112	4	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	112	5	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	112	6	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	112	7	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	112	8	interpersonal	interpersonal	ADJ
easat-1586	112	9	relations	relation	NOUN
easat-1586	112	10	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	112	11	a	a	DET
easat-1586	112	12	key	key	ADJ
easat-1586	112	13	component	component	NOUN
easat-1586	112	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	112	15	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	112	16	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	112	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	113	1	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	113	2	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	113	3	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	113	4	bonds	bond	NOUN
easat-1586	113	5	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	113	6	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	113	7	members	member	NOUN
easat-1586	113	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	113	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	113	10	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	113	11	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	113	12	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	113	13	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	113	14	each	each	DET
easat-1586	113	15	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	113	16	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	113	17	better	well	ADV
easat-1586	113	18	able	able	ADJ
easat-1586	113	19	handle	handle	VERB
easat-1586	113	20	external	external	ADJ
easat-1586	113	21	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	113	22	including	include	VERB
easat-1586	113	23	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	113	24	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	113	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	114	1	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	114	2	should	should	AUX
easat-1586	114	3	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	114	4	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	114	5	ties	tie	NOUN
easat-1586	114	6	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	114	7	members	member	NOUN
easat-1586	114	8	so	so	SCONJ
easat-1586	114	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	114	10	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	114	11	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	114	12	act	act	VERB
easat-1586	114	13	collectively	collectively	ADV
easat-1586	114	14	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	114	15	any	any	DET
easat-1586	114	16	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	114	17	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	114	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	115	1	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	115	2	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-1586	115	3	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
easat-1586	115	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	115	5	mutual	mutual	ADJ
easat-1586	115	6	aid	aid	NOUN
easat-1586	115	7	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	115	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	115	9	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	115	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	115	11	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	115	12	not	not	PART
easat-1586	115	13	only	only	ADV
easat-1586	115	14	cope	cope	VERB
easat-1586	115	15	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	115	16	the	the	DET
easat-1586	115	17	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-1586	115	18	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	115	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	115	20	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	115	21	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	115	22	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	115	23	mobilize	mobilize	VERB
easat-1586	115	24	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-1586	115	25	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	115	26	common	common	ADJ
easat-1586	115	27	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-1586	115	28	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	115	29	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	115	30	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	115	31	manipulations	manipulation	NOUN
easat-1586	115	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	116	1	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	116	2	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	116	3	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	116	4	depends	depend	VERB
easat-1586	116	5	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	116	6	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	116	7	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	116	8	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-1586	116	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	116	10	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	116	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	116	12	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	116	13	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	116	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	116	15	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	116	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	116	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	117	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	117	2	fight	fight	NOUN
easat-1586	117	3	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	117	4	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	117	5	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	117	6	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	117	7	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	117	8	won	win	VERB
easat-1586	117	9	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	117	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	117	11	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-1586	117	12	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	117	13	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-1586	117	14	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	117	15	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	117	16	participative	participative	ADJ
easat-1586	117	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	117	18	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-1586	117	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	117	20	working	work	VERB
easat-1586	117	21	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	117	22	the	the	DET
easat-1586	117	23	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-1586	117	24	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	117	25	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	117	26	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	117	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	1	these	these	DET
easat-1586	118	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	118	3	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	118	4	campaign	campaign	VERB
easat-1586	118	5	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	118	6	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	118	7	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-1586	118	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	9	constitute	constitute	VERB
easat-1586	118	10	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	118	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	12	centered	center	VERB
easat-1586	118	13	projects	project	NOUN
easat-1586	118	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	15	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	118	16	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	118	17	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	118	18	creating	create	VERB
easat-1586	118	19	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	118	20	ties	tie	NOUN
easat-1586	118	21	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	118	22	police	police	NOUN
easat-1586	118	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	118	24	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	118	25	players	player	NOUN
easat-1586	118	26	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	118	27	the	the	DET
easat-1586	118	28	system	system	NOUN
easat-1586	118	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	30	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	118	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	32	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	118	33	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	118	34	vanin	vanin	NOUN
easat-1586	118	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	36	2016	2016	NUM
easat-1586	118	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	118	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	119	1	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	119	2	honesty	honesty	NOUN
easat-1586	119	3	coupled	couple	VERB
easat-1586	119	4	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	119	5	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	119	6	incredible	incredible	ADJ
easat-1586	119	7	feeling	feeling	NOUN
easat-1586	119	8	for	for	SCONJ
easat-1586	119	9	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	119	10	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	119	11	help	help	VERB
easat-1586	119	12	to	to	PART
easat-1586	119	13	establish	establish	VERB
easat-1586	119	14	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	119	15	amongst	amongst	ADP
easat-1586	119	16	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	119	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	119	18	a	a	DET
easat-1586	119	19	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-1586	119	20	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	119	21	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-1586	119	22	needed	need	VERB
easat-1586	119	23	to	to	PART
easat-1586	119	24	deal	deal	VERB
easat-1586	119	25	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	119	26	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	119	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	119	28	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-1586	119	29	general	general	ADJ
easat-1586	119	30	life	life	NOUN
easat-1586	119	31	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	119	32	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	119	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	120	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	120	2	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	120	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	120	4	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	120	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	120	6	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	120	7	vanin	vanin	NOUN
easat-1586	120	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	120	9	2016	2016	NUM
easat-1586	120	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	120	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	121	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	121	2	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	121	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	121	4	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	121	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	121	6	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	121	7	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	121	8	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-1586	121	9	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	121	10	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	121	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-1586	121	12	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-1586	121	13	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	121	14	the	the	DET
easat-1586	121	15	latter	latter	ADJ
easat-1586	121	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	122	1	programs	program	NOUN
easat-1586	122	2	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-1586	122	3	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	122	4	youth	youth	NOUN
easat-1586	122	5	development	development	NOUN
easat-1586	122	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	122	7	education	education	NOUN
easat-1586	122	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	122	9	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	122	10	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	122	11	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	122	12	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	122	13	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	122	14	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	122	15	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-1586	122	16	some	some	DET
easat-1586	122	17	root	root	NOUN
easat-1586	122	18	causes	cause	NOUN
easat-1586	122	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	122	20	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	122	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	122	22	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	122	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	123	1	fueling	fuel	VERB
easat-1586	123	2	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	123	3	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-1586	123	4	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	123	5	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	123	6	members	member	NOUN
easat-1586	123	7	especially	especially	ADV
easat-1586	123	8	young	young	ADJ
easat-1586	123	9	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	123	10	could	could	AUX
easat-1586	123	11	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-1586	123	12	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	123	13	addressed	address	VERB
easat-1586	123	14	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	123	15	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	123	16	ways	way	NOUN
easat-1586	123	17	providing	provide	VERB
easat-1586	123	18	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-1586	123	19	outlets	outlet	NOUN
easat-1586	123	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	123	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	123	22	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	123	23	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	123	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	124	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	124	2	includes	include	VERB
easat-1586	124	3	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-1586	124	4	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	124	5	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-1586	124	6	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	124	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-1586	124	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	124	9	civic	civic	ADJ
easat-1586	124	10	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-1586	124	11	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	124	12	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-1586	124	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
easat-1586	124	14	to	to	PART
easat-1586	124	15	take	take	VERB
easat-1586	124	16	charge	charge	NOUN
easat-1586	124	17	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	124	18	shaping	shape	VERB
easat-1586	124	19	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	124	20	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	124	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	124	22	addressing	address	VERB
easat-1586	124	23	any	any	DET
easat-1586	124	24	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-1586	124	25	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-1586	124	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	125	1	eventually	eventually	ADV
easat-1586	125	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	125	3	nurturing	nurture	VERB
easat-1586	125	4	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	125	5	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	125	6	requires	require	VERB
easat-1586	125	7	an	an	DET
easat-1586	125	8	all	all	PRON
easat-1586	125	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	125	10	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-1586	125	11	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-1586	125	12	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	125	13	takes	take	VERB
easat-1586	125	14	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	125	15	account	account	NOUN
easat-1586	125	16	both	both	PRON
easat-1586	125	17	societal	societal	ADJ
easat-1586	125	18	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-1586	125	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	125	20	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-1586	125	21	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-1586	125	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	126	1	apart	apart	ADV
easat-1586	126	2	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	126	3	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
easat-1586	126	4	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	126	5	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	126	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	126	7	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-1586	126	8	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-1586	126	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	126	10	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	126	11	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	126	12	entails	entail	VERB
easat-1586	126	13	addressing	address	VERB
easat-1586	126	14	underlying	underlie	VERB
easat-1586	126	15	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-1586	126	16	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	126	17	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	126	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-1586	126	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	126	20	inequality	inequality	NOUN
easat-1586	126	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	126	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	126	23	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-1586	126	24	access	access	NOUN
easat-1586	126	25	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	126	26	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	126	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	127	1	tackling	tackle	VERB
easat-1586	127	2	these	these	DET
easat-1586	127	3	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-1586	127	4	holistically	holistically	ADV
easat-1586	127	5	gives	give	VERB
easat-1586	127	6	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	127	7	a	a	DET
easat-1586	127	8	good	good	ADJ
easat-1586	127	9	start	start	NOUN
easat-1586	127	10	towards	towards	ADP
easat-1586	127	11	long	long	ADJ
easat-1586	127	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	127	13	term	term	NOUN
easat-1586	127	14	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	127	15	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	127	16	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	127	17	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	127	18	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	127	19	creating	create	VERB
easat-1586	127	20	a	a	DET
easat-1586	127	21	more	more	ADV
easat-1586	127	22	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-1586	127	23	ground	ground	NOUN
easat-1586	127	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	128	1	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	128	2	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	128	3	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-1586	128	4	a	a	DET
easat-1586	128	5	proactive	proactive	ADJ
easat-1586	128	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-1586	128	7	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	128	8	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-1586	128	9	better	well	ADV
easat-1586	128	10	deal	deal	VERB
easat-1586	128	11	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	128	12	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	128	13	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	128	14	improving	improve	VERB
easat-1586	128	15	the	the	DET
easat-1586	128	16	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-1586	128	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	128	18	life	life	NOUN
easat-1586	128	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	129	1	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	129	2	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-1586	129	3	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	129	4	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-1586	129	5	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	129	6	represent	represent	VERB
easat-1586	129	7	an	an	DET
easat-1586	129	8	ideal	ideal	ADJ
easat-1586	129	9	case	case	NOUN
easat-1586	129	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-1586	129	11	to	to	PART
easat-1586	129	12	study	study	VERB
easat-1586	129	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	129	14	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	129	15	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	129	16	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	129	17	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	129	18	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	129	19	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	129	20	lives	life	NOUN
easat-1586	129	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	129	22	seker	seker	NOUN
easat-1586	129	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	129	24	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-1586	129	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	129	26	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	129	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	129	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	130	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	130	2	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-1586	130	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	130	4	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	130	5	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-1586	130	6	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	130	7	many	many	ADJ
easat-1586	130	8	african	african	ADJ
easat-1586	130	9	cities	city	NOUN
easat-1586	130	10	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	130	11	johannesburg	johannesburg	PROPN
easat-1586	130	12	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	130	13	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	130	14	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	130	15	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	130	16	marked	mark	VERB
easat-1586	130	17	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	130	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	130	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	130	20	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
easat-1586	130	21	densely	densely	ADV
easat-1586	130	22	populated	populated	ADJ
easat-1586	130	23	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	130	24	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	130	25	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-1586	130	26	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	130	27	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	130	28	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	130	29	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	130	30	far	far	ADV
easat-1586	130	31	reaching	reach	VERB
easat-1586	130	32	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-1586	130	33	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	130	34	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	130	35	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	130	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	130	37	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	130	38	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	130	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	131	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-1586	131	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	131	3	most	most	ADJ
easat-1586	131	4	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-1586	131	5	tend	tend	VERB
easat-1586	131	6	to	to	PART
easat-1586	131	7	concentrate	concentrate	VERB
easat-1586	131	8	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	131	9	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	131	10	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	131	11	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-1586	131	12	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	131	13	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	131	14	encouraging	encourage	VERB
easat-1586	131	15	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	131	16	forms	form	NOUN
easat-1586	131	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	131	18	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	131	19	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	131	20	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	131	21	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	131	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	131	23	piemontese	piemontese	PROPN
easat-1586	131	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	131	25	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	131	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	131	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	132	1	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	132	2	makes	make	VERB
easat-1586	132	3	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	132	4	prime	prime	ADJ
easat-1586	132	5	targets	target	NOUN
easat-1586	132	6	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	132	7	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	132	8	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	132	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	132	10	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	132	11	since	since	SCONJ
easat-1586	132	12	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	132	13	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	132	14	full	full	ADJ
easat-1586	132	15	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	132	16	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-1586	132	17	assets	asset	NOUN
easat-1586	132	18	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
easat-1586	132	19	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	132	20	a	a	DET
easat-1586	132	21	small	small	ADJ
easat-1586	132	22	2127	2127	NUM
easat-1586	132	23	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	132	24	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	132	25	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	132	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	132	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	132	28	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	132	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	132	30	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	132	31	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	132	32	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	132	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	132	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	132	35	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	132	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	132	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	132	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	133	1	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	133	2	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	133	3	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	133	4	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	133	5	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	133	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	133	7	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	133	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	133	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	133	10	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	133	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	133	12	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	133	13	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	133	14	the	the	DET
easat-1586	133	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	133	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	133	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	133	18	learning	learning	PROPN
easat-1586	133	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-1586	133	20	area	area	NOUN
easat-1586	133	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	134	1	large	large	ADJ
easat-1586	134	2	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	134	3	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	134	4	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	134	5	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-1586	134	6	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	134	7	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-1586	134	8	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	134	9	smes	sme	NOUN
easat-1586	134	10	operate	operate	VERB
easat-1586	134	11	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	134	12	very	very	ADV
easat-1586	134	13	little	little	ADJ
easat-1586	134	14	if	if	SCONJ
easat-1586	134	15	any	any	DET
easat-1586	134	16	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	134	17	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-1586	134	18	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	134	19	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	134	20	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	134	21	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	134	22	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ
easat-1586	134	23	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	134	24	this	this	DET
easat-1586	134	25	form	form	NOUN
easat-1586	134	26	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	134	27	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
easat-1586	134	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	135	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	135	2	small	small	ADJ
easat-1586	135	3	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	135	4	owners	owner	NOUN
easat-1586	135	5	refuse	refuse	VERB
easat-1586	135	6	to	to	PART
easat-1586	135	7	pay	pay	VERB
easat-1586	135	8	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	135	9	fees	fee	NOUN
easat-1586	135	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	135	11	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	135	12	run	run	VERB
easat-1586	135	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	135	14	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-1586	135	15	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	135	16	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	135	17	charged	charge	VERB
easat-1586	135	18	exorbitantly	exorbitantly	ADV
easat-1586	135	19	causing	cause	VERB
easat-1586	135	20	an	an	DET
easat-1586	135	21	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-1586	135	22	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	135	23	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-1586	135	24	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	135	25	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	135	26	even	even	ADV
easat-1586	135	27	closure	closure	NOUN
easat-1586	135	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	136	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	136	2	city	city	NOUN
easat-1586	136	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	136	4	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	136	5	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	136	6	stagnate	stagnate	VERB
easat-1586	136	7	due	due	ADJ
easat-1586	136	8	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	136	9	reduced	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	136	10	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	136	11	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	136	12	hampering	hamper	VERB
easat-1586	136	13	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-1586	136	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	137	1	3.6	3.6	NUM
easat-1586	137	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	137	3	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	137	4	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	137	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	137	6	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	137	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-1586	137	8	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-1586	137	9	concerning	concern	VERB
easat-1586	137	10	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	137	11	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	137	12	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	137	13	closely	closely	ADV
easat-1586	137	14	related	relate	VERB
easat-1586	137	15	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	137	16	those	those	PRON
easat-1586	137	17	relating	relate	VERB
easat-1586	137	18	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	137	19	found	find	VERB
easat-1586	137	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-1586	137	21	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	137	22	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	137	23	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	137	24	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	137	25	affected	affect	VERB
easat-1586	137	26	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	137	27	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	137	28	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	137	29	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	137	30	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	137	31	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	137	32	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	137	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	137	34	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	137	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	137	36	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	137	37	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	137	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	137	39	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	137	40	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	137	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	138	1	these	these	DET
easat-1586	138	2	protective	protective	ADJ
easat-1586	138	3	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-1586	138	4	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	138	5	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-1586	138	6	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	138	7	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-1586	138	8	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	138	9	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-1586	138	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	138	11	upholding	uphold	VERB
easat-1586	138	12	the	the	DET
easat-1586	138	13	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-1586	138	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	138	15	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	138	16	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	138	17	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	138	18	eventually	eventually	ADV
easat-1586	138	19	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	138	20	undermined	undermine	VERB
easat-1586	138	21	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	138	22	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	138	23	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	138	24	infiltrate	infiltrate	VERB
easat-1586	138	25	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	138	26	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
easat-1586	138	27	police	police	NOUN
easat-1586	138	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	138	29	judicial	judicial	ADJ
easat-1586	138	30	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	138	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	139	1	cases	case	NOUN
easat-1586	139	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	139	3	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
easat-1586	139	4	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	139	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	139	6	corrupted	corrupt	VERB
easat-1586	139	7	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-1586	139	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	139	9	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-1586	139	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	139	11	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	139	12	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	139	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	139	14	public	public	NOUN
easat-1586	139	15	relating	relate	VERB
easat-1586	139	16	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	139	17	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-1586	139	18	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-1586	139	19	would	would	AUX
easat-1586	139	20	lead	lead	VERB
easat-1586	139	21	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	139	22	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	139	23	mistrust	mistrust	NOUN
easat-1586	139	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	139	25	slutzky	slutzky	PROPN
easat-1586	139	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	139	27	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	139	28	zeume	zeume	PROPN
easat-1586	139	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	139	30	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	139	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	139	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	140	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	140	2	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	140	3	serves	serve	VERB
easat-1586	140	4	not	not	PART
easat-1586	140	5	only	only	ADV
easat-1586	140	6	to	to	PART
easat-1586	140	7	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-1586	140	8	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	140	9	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	140	10	addressed	address	VERB
easat-1586	140	11	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	140	12	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	140	13	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-1586	140	14	an	an	DET
easat-1586	140	15	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	140	16	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	140	17	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	140	18	act	act	VERB
easat-1586	140	19	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	140	20	impunity	impunity	NOUN
easat-1586	140	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	141	1	consequentially	consequentially	ADV
easat-1586	141	2	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	141	3	leads	lead	VERB
easat-1586	141	4	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	141	5	a	a	DET
easat-1586	141	6	disintegrated	disintegrate	VERB
easat-1586	141	7	justice	justice	NOUN
easat-1586	141	8	system	system	NOUN
easat-1586	141	9	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	141	10	increased	increase	VERB
easat-1586	141	11	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
easat-1586	141	12	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	141	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	141	14	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	141	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	142	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	142	2	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	142	3	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	142	4	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-1586	142	5	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	142	6	more	more	ADV
easat-1586	142	7	complicated	complicated	ADJ
easat-1586	142	8	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	142	9	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	142	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-1586	142	11	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	142	12	foster	foster	VERB
easat-1586	142	13	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	142	14	instability	instability	NOUN
easat-1586	142	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	142	16	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-1586	142	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	143	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	143	2	politicians	politician	NOUN
easat-1586	143	3	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	143	4	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	143	5	officers	officer	NOUN
easat-1586	143	6	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	143	7	engaged	engage	VERB
easat-1586	143	8	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	143	9	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	143	10	affected	affect	VERB
easat-1586	143	11	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	143	12	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	143	13	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	143	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	143	15	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	143	16	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	143	17	to	to	PART
easat-1586	143	18	craft	craft	VERB
easat-1586	143	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	143	20	implement	implement	VERB
easat-1586	143	21	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	143	22	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-1586	143	23	becomes	become	VERB
easat-1586	143	24	handicapped	handicapped	ADJ
easat-1586	143	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	143	26	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	143	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	143	28	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	143	29	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	143	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	143	31	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	143	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	143	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	144	1	that	that	DET
easat-1586	144	2	kind	kind	NOUN
easat-1586	144	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	144	4	interruption	interruption	NOUN
easat-1586	144	5	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	144	6	result	result	VERB
easat-1586	144	7	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	144	8	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	144	9	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-1586	144	10	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-1586	144	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	144	12	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-1586	144	13	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	144	14	support	support	NOUN
easat-1586	144	15	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	144	16	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	144	17	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	144	18	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-1586	144	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	144	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	144	21	a	a	DET
easat-1586	144	22	general	general	ADJ
easat-1586	144	23	collapse	collapse	NOUN
easat-1586	144	24	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	144	25	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-1586	144	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	1	3.7	3.7	NUM
easat-1586	145	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	3	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	145	4	responses	response	NOUN
easat-1586	145	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	145	6	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	145	7	to	to	PART
easat-1586	145	8	deal	deal	VERB
easat-1586	145	9	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	145	10	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	145	11	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	145	12	’	'	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	13	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	145	14	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	145	15	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	145	16	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	145	17	improve	improve	VERB
easat-1586	145	18	societal	societal	ADJ
easat-1586	145	19	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-1586	145	20	altogether	altogether	ADV
easat-1586	145	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	22	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	145	23	responses	response	NOUN
easat-1586	145	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	145	25	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	145	26	become	become	VERB
easat-1586	145	27	very	very	ADV
easat-1586	145	28	important	important	ADJ
easat-1586	145	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	30	grundling	grundling	NOUN
easat-1586	145	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	32	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	145	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	145	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	146	1	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	146	2	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	146	3	use	use	VERB
easat-1586	146	4	various	various	ADJ
easat-1586	146	5	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-1586	146	6	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	146	7	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	146	8	including	include	VERB
easat-1586	146	9	grassroots	grassroot	NOUN
easat-1586	146	10	organizing	organize	VERB
easat-1586	146	11	up	up	ADP
easat-1586	146	12	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	146	13	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	146	14	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
easat-1586	146	15	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	146	16	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	146	17	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	146	18	communitybased	communitybase	VERB
easat-1586	146	19	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-1586	146	20	programs	program	NOUN
easat-1586	146	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	146	22	maluleke	maluleke	X
easat-1586	146	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	146	24	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	146	25	dlamini	dlamini	PROPN
easat-1586	146	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	146	27	2019	2019	NUM
easat-1586	146	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	146	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	147	1	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	147	2	building	build	VERB
easat-1586	147	3	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	147	4	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	147	5	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	147	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	147	7	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-1586	147	8	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-1586	147	9	action	action	NOUN
easat-1586	147	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	147	11	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	147	12	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	147	13	unite	unite	VERB
easat-1586	147	14	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	147	15	one	one	NUM
easat-1586	147	16	force	force	NOUN
easat-1586	147	17	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	147	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	147	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	147	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	147	21	goga	goga	NOUN
easat-1586	147	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	147	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	147	24	goredema	goredema	PROPN
easat-1586	147	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	147	26	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	147	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	147	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	148	1	these	these	DET
easat-1586	148	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-1586	148	3	could	could	AUX
easat-1586	148	4	consist	consist	VERB
easat-1586	148	5	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	148	6	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
easat-1586	148	7	watch	watch	NOUN
easat-1586	148	8	programs	program	NOUN
easat-1586	148	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	148	10	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	148	11	forums	forum	NOUN
easat-1586	148	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	148	13	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
easat-1586	148	14	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	148	15	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	148	16	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-1586	148	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	148	18	all	all	PRON
easat-1586	148	19	serve	serve	VERB
easat-1586	148	20	to	to	PART
easat-1586	148	21	create	create	VERB
easat-1586	148	22	a	a	DET
easat-1586	148	23	stronger	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	148	24	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-1586	148	25	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	148	26	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	148	27	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	148	28	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	148	29	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	148	30	collective	collective	ADJ
easat-1586	148	31	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-1586	148	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	148	33	de	de	X
easat-1586	148	34	villiers	villier	NOUN
easat-1586	148	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	148	36	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	148	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	148	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	149	2	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-1586	149	3	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-1586	149	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	149	5	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	149	6	responses	response	NOUN
easat-1586	149	7	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	149	8	twofold	twofold	NOUN
easat-1586	149	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	10	mitigating	mitigate	VERB
easat-1586	149	11	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	149	12	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	149	13	consequences	consequence	NOUN
easat-1586	149	14	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	149	15	the	the	DET
easat-1586	149	16	one	one	NUM
easat-1586	149	17	hand	hand	NOUN
easat-1586	149	18	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	19	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	149	20	the	the	DET
easat-1586	149	21	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	149	22	hand	hand	NOUN
easat-1586	149	23	helping	helping	AUX
easat-1586	149	24	protect	protect	VERB
easat-1586	149	25	future	future	ADJ
easat-1586	149	26	generations	generation	NOUN
easat-1586	149	27	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	149	28	suffering	suffer	VERB
easat-1586	149	29	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-1586	149	30	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-1586	149	31	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	149	32	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-1586	149	33	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	149	34	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
easat-1586	149	35	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	149	36	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	149	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	38	goga	goga	NOUN
easat-1586	149	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	40	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	149	41	goredema	goredema	PROPN
easat-1586	149	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	43	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	149	44	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	149	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	150	1	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	150	2	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	150	3	a	a	DET
easat-1586	150	4	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	150	5	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	150	6	further	far	ADV
easat-1586	150	7	bolstered	bolster	VERB
easat-1586	150	8	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	150	9	proactive	proactive	ADJ
easat-1586	150	10	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-1586	150	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	150	12	the	the	DET
easat-1586	150	13	development	development	NOUN
easat-1586	150	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	150	15	support	support	NOUN
easat-1586	150	16	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	150	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	1	programs	program	NOUN
easat-1586	151	2	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-1586	151	3	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	151	4	youth	youth	NOUN
easat-1586	151	5	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-1586	151	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	7	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	151	8	development	development	NOUN
easat-1586	151	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	151	11	mental	mental	ADJ
easat-1586	151	12	health	health	NOUN
easat-1586	151	13	provision	provision	NOUN
easat-1586	151	14	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	151	15	address	address	VERB
easat-1586	151	16	some	some	DET
easat-1586	151	17	underlying	underlying	ADJ
easat-1586	151	18	causes	cause	NOUN
easat-1586	151	19	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	151	20	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	151	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	22	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	151	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	24	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	151	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	26	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	151	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	28	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	151	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	151	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	152	1	education	education	NOUN
easat-1586	152	2	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	152	3	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	152	4	others	other	NOUN
easat-1586	152	5	provided	provide	VERB
easat-1586	152	6	throughout	throughout	ADP
easat-1586	152	7	the	the	DET
easat-1586	152	8	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
easat-1586	152	9	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	152	10	different	different	ADJ
easat-1586	152	11	channels	channel	NOUN
easat-1586	152	12	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	152	13	private	private	ADJ
easat-1586	152	14	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-1586	152	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	152	16	ngos	ngo	NOUN
easat-1586	152	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	152	18	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	152	19	government	government	NOUN
easat-1586	152	20	help	help	NOUN
easat-1586	152	21	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	152	22	attraction	attraction	NOUN
easat-1586	152	23	towards	towards	ADP
easat-1586	152	24	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-1586	152	25	acts	act	NOUN
easat-1586	152	26	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	152	27	improving	improve	VERB
easat-1586	152	28	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-1586	152	29	around	around	ADP
easat-1586	152	30	a	a	DET
easat-1586	152	31	person	person	NOUN
easat-1586	152	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	153	1	another	another	DET
easat-1586	153	2	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-1586	153	3	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-1586	153	4	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	153	5	this	this	DET
easat-1586	153	6	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	153	7	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	153	8	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	153	9	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	153	10	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	153	11	access	access	NOUN
easat-1586	153	12	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	153	13	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	153	14	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	153	15	outside	outside	ADJ
easat-1586	153	16	actors	actor	NOUN
easat-1586	153	17	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	153	18	include	include	VERB
easat-1586	153	19	non	non	ADJ
easat-1586	153	20	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	153	21	governmental	governmental	ADJ
easat-1586	153	22	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-1586	153	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	153	24	governments	government	NOUN
easat-1586	153	25	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	153	26	federal	federal	ADJ
easat-1586	153	27	state	state	NOUN
easat-1586	153	28	level	level	NOUN
easat-1586	153	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	154	1	responding	respond	VERB
easat-1586	154	2	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-1586	154	3	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	154	4	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-1586	154	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-1586	154	6	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	154	7	not	not	PART
easat-1586	154	8	enough	enough	ADJ
easat-1586	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	154	10	but	but	CCONJ
easat-1586	154	11	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	154	12	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	154	13	need	need	VERB
easat-1586	154	14	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	154	15	to	to	PART
easat-1586	154	16	grow	grow	VERB
easat-1586	154	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	154	18	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-1586	154	19	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	154	20	all	all	DET
easat-1586	154	21	the	the	DET
easat-1586	154	22	adversities	adversity	NOUN
easat-1586	154	23	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	154	24	life	life	NOUN
easat-1586	154	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	155	1	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	155	2	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-1586	155	3	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	155	4	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-1586	155	5	case	case	NOUN
easat-1586	155	6	studies	study	NOUN
easat-1586	155	7	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	155	8	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-1586	155	9	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	155	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	155	11	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	155	12	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	155	13	due	due	ADP
easat-1586	155	14	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	155	15	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	155	16	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-1586	155	17	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-1586	155	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	155	19	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	155	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	155	21	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-1586	155	22	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-1586	155	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	155	24	goga	goga	NOUN
easat-1586	155	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	155	26	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	155	27	goredema	goredema	VERB
easat-1586	155	28	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	155	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	155	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	156	1	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	156	2	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	156	3	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	156	4	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	156	5	the	the	DET
easat-1586	156	6	limpopo	limpopo	PROPN
easat-1586	156	7	province	province	PROPN
easat-1586	156	8	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	156	9	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	156	10	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	156	11	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-1586	156	12	how	how	SCONJ
easat-1586	156	13	these	these	DET
easat-1586	156	14	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	156	15	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	156	16	find	find	VERB
easat-1586	156	17	root	root	NOUN
easat-1586	156	18	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	156	19	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	156	20	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	156	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	156	22	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	156	23	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-1586	156	24	the	the	DET
easat-1586	156	25	intricate	intricate	ADJ
easat-1586	156	26	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-1586	156	27	between	between	ADP
easat-1586	156	28	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	156	29	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	156	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	156	31	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	156	32	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	156	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	156	34	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-1586	156	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	156	36	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	156	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	156	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	157	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	157	2	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	157	3	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	157	4	have	have	VERB
easat-1586	157	5	less	less	ADJ
easat-1586	157	6	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	157	7	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	157	8	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	157	9	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN
easat-1586	157	10	than	than	ADP
easat-1586	157	11	the	the	DET
easat-1586	157	12	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-1586	157	13	centers	center	NOUN
easat-1586	157	14	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	157	15	include	include	VERB
easat-1586	157	16	government	government	NOUN
easat-1586	157	17	services	service	NOUN
easat-1586	157	18	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	157	19	water	water	NOUN
easat-1586	157	20	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-1586	157	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	157	22	sewerage	sewerage	NOUN
easat-1586	157	23	lines	line	NOUN
easat-1586	157	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	157	25	roads	road	NOUN
easat-1586	157	26	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	157	27	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	157	28	things	thing	NOUN
easat-1586	157	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	158	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	158	2	isolation	isolation	NOUN
easat-1586	158	3	makes	make	VERB
easat-1586	158	4	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	158	5	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	158	6	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	158	7	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-1586	158	8	more	more	ADV
easat-1586	158	9	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ
easat-1586	158	10	to	to	AUX
easat-1586	158	11	blackmail	blackmail	NOUN
easat-1586	158	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	158	13	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	158	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	158	15	forprofit	forprofit	NOUN
easat-1586	158	16	schemes	scheme	NOUN
easat-1586	158	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	159	1	these	these	DET
easat-1586	159	2	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	159	3	take	take	VERB
easat-1586	159	4	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-1586	159	5	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	159	6	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-1586	159	7	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	159	8	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	159	9	coverage	coverage	NOUN
easat-1586	159	10	as	as	ADV
easat-1586	159	11	well	well	ADV
easat-1586	159	12	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	159	13	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-1586	159	14	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-1586	159	15	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	159	16	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	159	17	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	159	18	populations	population	NOUN
easat-1586	159	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	159	20	goga	goga	NOUN
easat-1586	159	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	159	22	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	159	23	goredema	goredema	PROPN
easat-1586	159	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	159	25	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	159	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	159	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	160	2	relative	relative	ADJ
easat-1586	160	3	isolation	isolation	NOUN
easat-1586	160	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	160	5	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-1586	160	6	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	160	7	2128	2128	NUM
easat-1586	160	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	160	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	160	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	160	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	160	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	160	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	160	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	160	16	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	160	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	160	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	160	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	160	20	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	160	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	22	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	160	23	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	160	24	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	160	25	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	160	26	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	160	27	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	160	28	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	160	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	30	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	160	31	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	160	32	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	33	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	160	34	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	160	35	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	160	36	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	160	37	the	the	DET
easat-1586	160	38	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	160	39	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	40	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	160	41	learning	learn	VERB
easat-1586	160	42	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-1586	160	43	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	160	44	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-1586	160	45	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	160	46	make	make	VERB
easat-1586	160	47	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
easat-1586	160	48	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-1586	160	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	50	small	small	ADJ
easat-1586	160	51	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	160	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	160	53	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	160	54	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-1586	160	55	sectors	sector	NOUN
easat-1586	160	56	easy	easy	ADJ
easat-1586	160	57	targets	target	NOUN
easat-1586	160	58	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	160	59	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	160	60	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	160	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	161	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	161	2	situation	situation	NOUN
easat-1586	161	3	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	161	4	worsened	worsen	VERB
easat-1586	161	5	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	161	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	161	7	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-1586	161	8	made	make	VERB
easat-1586	161	9	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	161	10	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	161	11	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	161	12	extortionists	extortionist	NOUN
easat-1586	161	13	who	who	PRON
easat-1586	161	14	charge	charge	VERB
easat-1586	161	15	a	a	DET
easat-1586	161	16	levy	levy	NOUN
easat-1586	161	17	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	161	18	providing	provide	VERB
easat-1586	161	19	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	161	20	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	161	21	other	other	ADJ
easat-1586	161	22	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	161	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	162	1	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	162	2	based	base	VERB
easat-1586	162	3	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	162	4	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	162	5	burdened	burden	VERB
easat-1586	162	6	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	162	7	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-1586	162	8	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	162	9	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-1586	162	10	associated	associate	VERB
easat-1586	162	11	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	162	12	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-1586	162	13	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	162	14	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	162	15	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	162	16	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-1586	162	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-1586	162	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	162	19	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-1586	162	20	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	162	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-1586	162	22	cycles	cycle	NOUN
easat-1586	162	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	1	3.8	3.8	NUM
easat-1586	163	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	3	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-1586	163	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	5	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	163	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	163	7	demographic	demographic	ADJ
easat-1586	163	8	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-1586	163	9	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	163	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	163	11	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	163	12	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	163	13	most	most	ADJ
easat-1586	163	14	times	time	NOUN
easat-1586	163	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-1586	163	17	levels	level	NOUN
easat-1586	163	18	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	163	19	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	163	20	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	163	21	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	163	22	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	163	23	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	163	24	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	163	25	high	high	ADJ
easat-1586	163	26	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	27	this	this	PRON
easat-1586	163	28	has	have	AUX
easat-1586	163	29	resulted	result	VERB
easat-1586	163	30	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	163	31	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	163	32	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
easat-1586	163	33	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	163	34	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	163	35	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	163	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	37	maluleke	maluleke	X
easat-1586	163	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	39	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	163	40	dlamini	dlamini	PROPN
easat-1586	163	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	42	2019	2019	NUM
easat-1586	163	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	163	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	164	1	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	164	2	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	164	3	either	either	CCONJ
easat-1586	164	4	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	164	5	sucked	suck	VERB
easat-1586	164	6	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	164	7	these	these	DET
easat-1586	164	8	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	164	9	networks	network	NOUN
easat-1586	164	10	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	164	11	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	164	12	desperation	desperation	NOUN
easat-1586	164	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	164	14	become	become	VERB
easat-1586	164	15	docile	docile	ADJ
easat-1586	164	16	victims	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	164	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	164	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	164	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	164	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	165	1	demographics	demographic	NOUN
easat-1586	165	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-1586	165	3	like	like	ADP
easat-1586	165	4	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-1586	165	5	education	education	NOUN
easat-1586	165	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	165	7	fewer	few	ADJ
easat-1586	165	8	job	job	NOUN
easat-1586	165	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-1586	165	10	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	165	11	hamper	hamper	VERB
easat-1586	165	12	the	the	DET
easat-1586	165	13	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	165	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	165	15	the	the	DET
easat-1586	165	16	people	people	NOUN
easat-1586	165	17	living	live	VERB
easat-1586	165	18	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	165	19	the	the	DET
easat-1586	165	20	countryside	countryside	NOUN
easat-1586	165	21	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	165	22	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-1586	165	23	opposing	oppose	VERB
easat-1586	165	24	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	165	25	responding	respond	VERB
easat-1586	165	26	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	165	27	acts	act	NOUN
easat-1586	165	28	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	165	29	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	165	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	166	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	166	2	demographic	demographic	ADJ
easat-1586	166	3	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
easat-1586	166	4	makes	make	VERB
easat-1586	166	5	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-1586	166	6	areas	area	NOUN
easat-1586	166	7	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-1586	166	8	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ
easat-1586	166	9	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	166	10	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	166	11	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	166	12	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	166	13	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
easat-1586	166	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	166	15	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-1586	166	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	166	17	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	166	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	166	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	167	1	3.9	3.9	NUM
easat-1586	167	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	1	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	168	2	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-1586	168	3	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	168	4	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	168	5	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	168	6	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-1586	168	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	8	being	be	AUX
easat-1586	168	9	extorted	extort	VERB
easat-1586	168	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	168	11	paying	pay	VERB
easat-1586	168	12	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	168	13	fees	fee	NOUN
easat-1586	168	14	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	168	15	a	a	DET
easat-1586	168	16	huge	huge	ADJ
easat-1586	168	17	drain	drain	NOUN
easat-1586	168	18	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	168	19	finances	finance	NOUN
easat-1586	168	20	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	168	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	22	g	g	PROPN
easat-1586	168	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	168	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	25	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	168	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	27	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	168	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	29	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	168	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	168	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	169	1	extorted	extort	VERB
easat-1586	169	2	companies	company	NOUN
easat-1586	169	3	suffer	suffer	VERB
easat-1586	169	4	increased	increase	VERB
easat-1586	169	5	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-1586	169	6	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	169	7	as	as	SCONJ
easat-1586	169	8	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	169	9	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	169	10	forced	force	VERB
easat-1586	169	11	to	to	PART
easat-1586	169	12	pay	pay	VERB
easat-1586	169	13	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	169	14	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	169	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	169	16	give	give	VERB
easat-1586	169	17	ransoms	ransom	NOUN
easat-1586	169	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	169	19	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	169	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	169	21	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	169	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	169	23	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	169	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	169	25	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	169	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	169	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	170	1	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-1586	170	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	170	3	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	170	4	continuity	continuity	NOUN
easat-1586	170	5	can	can	AUX
easat-1586	170	6	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	170	7	seriously	seriously	ADV
easat-1586	170	8	affected	affect	VERB
easat-1586	170	9	due	due	ADP
easat-1586	170	10	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	170	11	this	this	DET
easat-1586	170	12	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-1586	170	13	burden	burden	NOUN
easat-1586	170	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	171	1	smes	sme	NOUN
easat-1586	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	171	3	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	171	4	often	often	ADV
easat-1586	171	5	have	have	AUX
easat-1586	171	6	limited	limit	VERB
easat-1586	171	7	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-1586	171	8	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	171	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	171	10	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	171	11	more	more	ADV
easat-1586	171	12	prone	prone	ADJ
easat-1586	171	13	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	171	14	this	this	DET
easat-1586	171	15	situation	situation	NOUN
easat-1586	171	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	1	extra	extra	ADJ
easat-1586	172	2	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	172	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	172	4	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	172	5	payments	payment	NOUN
easat-1586	172	6	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	172	7	the	the	DET
easat-1586	172	8	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-1586	172	9	liability	liability	NOUN
easat-1586	172	10	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	172	11	damages	damage	NOUN
easat-1586	172	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	172	13	losses	loss	NOUN
easat-1586	172	14	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	172	15	shakedown	shakedown	NOUN
easat-1586	172	16	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	172	17	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-1586	172	18	towards	towards	ADP
easat-1586	172	19	company	company	NOUN
easat-1586	172	20	closures	closure	NOUN
easat-1586	172	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	22	lower	low	ADJ
easat-1586	172	23	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	172	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	172	25	strangled	strangle	VERB
easat-1586	172	26	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	172	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	28	barone	barone	NOUN
easat-1586	172	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	172	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	32	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	172	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	34	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	172	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	172	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	173	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-1586	173	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	173	3	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-1586	173	4	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	173	5	refuse	refuse	VERB
easat-1586	173	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	173	7	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-1586	173	8	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	173	9	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	173	10	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	173	11	experience	experience	VERB
easat-1586	173	12	acts	act	NOUN
easat-1586	173	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	173	14	as	as	ADP
easat-1586	173	15	thefts	theft	NOUN
easat-1586	173	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	173	17	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN
easat-1586	173	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	173	19	violent	violent	ADJ
easat-1586	173	20	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-1586	173	21	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	173	22	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-1586	173	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	174	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
easat-1586	174	2	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-1586	174	3	monetary	monetary	ADJ
easat-1586	174	4	losses	loss	NOUN
easat-1586	174	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	174	6	these	these	DET
easat-1586	174	7	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	174	8	could	could	AUX
easat-1586	174	9	undermine	undermine	VERB
easat-1586	174	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	174	11	reputation	reputation	NOUN
easat-1586	174	12	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	174	13	any	any	DET
easat-1586	174	14	firm	firm	NOUN
easat-1586	174	15	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	174	16	future	future	ADJ
easat-1586	174	17	discouraging	discourage	VERB
easat-1586	174	18	investors	investor	NOUN
easat-1586	174	19	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	174	20	its	its	PRON
easat-1586	174	21	stock	stock	NOUN
easat-1586	174	22	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	174	23	creating	create	VERB
easat-1586	174	24	an	an	DET
easat-1586	174	25	insecure	insecure	ADJ
easat-1586	174	26	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-1586	174	27	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	174	28	hampers	hamper	VERB
easat-1586	174	29	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	174	30	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	174	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	175	1	3.10	3.10	NUM
easat-1586	175	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	175	3	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-1586	175	4	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	175	5	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	175	6	development	development	NOUN
easat-1586	175	7	the	the	DET
easat-1586	175	8	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-1586	175	9	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	175	10	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	175	11	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	175	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	175	13	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	175	14	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	175	15	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	175	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-1586	175	17	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	175	18	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-1586	175	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	175	20	divergent	divergent	ADJ
easat-1586	175	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	176	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
easat-1586	176	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	176	3	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	176	4	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	176	5	tends	tend	VERB
easat-1586	176	6	to	to	PART
easat-1586	176	7	discourage	discourage	VERB
easat-1586	176	8	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	176	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	176	10	stifling	stifle	VERB
easat-1586	176	11	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
easat-1586	176	12	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	176	13	hindering	hinder	VERB
easat-1586	176	14	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	176	15	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-1586	176	16	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	176	17	many	many	ADJ
easat-1586	176	18	ways	way	NOUN
easat-1586	176	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	176	20	grundling	grundling	NOUN
easat-1586	176	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	176	22	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	176	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	176	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	177	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-1586	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	177	3	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	177	4	related	relate	VERB
easat-1586	177	5	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	177	6	faced	face	VERB
easat-1586	177	7	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	177	8	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-1586	177	9	that	that	PRON
easat-1586	177	10	receive	receive	VERB
easat-1586	177	11	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	177	12	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-1586	177	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	177	14	operate	operate	VERB
easat-1586	177	15	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	177	16	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	177	17	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	177	18	divert	divert	VERB
easat-1586	177	19	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	177	20	away	away	ADV
easat-1586	177	21	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	177	22	productive	productive	ADJ
easat-1586	177	23	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	177	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	177	25	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-1586	177	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	177	27	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-1586	177	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	177	29	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	177	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	177	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	178	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	178	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-1586	178	3	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	178	4	higher	high	ADJ
easat-1586	178	5	prices	price	NOUN
easat-1586	178	6	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	178	7	goods	good	NOUN
easat-1586	178	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	178	9	services	service	NOUN
easat-1586	178	10	leading	lead	VERB
easat-1586	178	11	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	178	12	reduced	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	178	13	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-1586	178	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	178	15	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-1586	178	16	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	178	17	closure	closure	NOUN
easat-1586	178	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	179	1	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	179	3	there	there	PRON
easat-1586	179	4	’s	’	VERB
easat-1586	179	5	no	no	DET
easat-1586	179	6	job	job	NOUN
easat-1586	179	7	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-1586	179	8	due	due	ADJ
easat-1586	179	9	stagnating	stagnate	VERB
easat-1586	179	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	179	11	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-1586	179	12	thus	thus	ADV
easat-1586	179	13	residents	resident	NOUN
easat-1586	179	14	stay	stay	VERB
easat-1586	179	15	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	179	16	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	179	17	low	low	ADJ
easat-1586	179	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-1586	179	19	income	income	NOUN
easat-1586	179	20	earning	earning	NOUN
easat-1586	179	21	brackets	bracket	NOUN
easat-1586	179	22	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	179	23	perpetuating	perpetuate	VERB
easat-1586	179	24	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-1586	179	25	cycles	cycle	NOUN
easat-1586	179	26	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	179	27	the	the	DET
easat-1586	179	28	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	179	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	180	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-1586	180	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	180	3	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	180	4	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-1586	180	5	affects	affect	VERB
easat-1586	180	6	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	180	7	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
easat-1586	180	8	undermining	undermine	VERB
easat-1586	180	9	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-1586	180	10	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-1586	180	11	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	180	12	building	build	VERB
easat-1586	180	13	a	a	DET
easat-1586	180	14	united	united	ADJ
easat-1586	180	15	very	very	ADJ
easat-1586	180	16	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	180	17	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	180	18	a	a	DET
easat-1586	180	19	lot	lot	NOUN
easat-1586	180	20	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	180	21	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	180	22	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	180	23	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-1586	180	24	involved	involve	VERB
easat-1586	180	25	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	180	26	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	180	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	180	28	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-1586	180	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	180	30	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	180	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	180	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	181	1	a	a	DET
easat-1586	181	2	good	good	ADJ
easat-1586	181	3	example	example	NOUN
easat-1586	181	4	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	181	5	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	181	6	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-1586	181	7	increases	increase	NOUN
easat-1586	181	8	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	181	9	residents	resident	NOUN
easat-1586	181	10	as	as	SCONJ
easat-1586	181	11	they	they	PRON
easat-1586	181	12	engage	engage	VERB
easat-1586	181	13	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-1586	181	14	into	into	ADP
easat-1586	181	15	different	different	ADJ
easat-1586	181	16	types	type	NOUN
easat-1586	181	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	181	18	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-1586	181	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-1586	181	20	including	include	VERB
easat-1586	181	21	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	181	22	making	make	VERB
easat-1586	181	23	it	it	PRON
easat-1586	181	24	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-1586	181	25	for	for	SCONJ
easat-1586	181	26	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	181	27	networking	networking	NOUN
easat-1586	181	28	among	among	ADP
easat-1586	181	29	counties	county	NOUN
easat-1586	181	30	to	to	PART
easat-1586	181	31	come	come	VERB
easat-1586	181	32	up	up	ADP
easat-1586	181	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	182	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-1586	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	182	3	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-1586	182	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	182	5	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-1586	182	6	weakens	weaken	VERB
easat-1586	182	7	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	182	8	bonds	bond	NOUN
easat-1586	182	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-1586	182	10	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	182	11	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-1586	182	12	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-1586	182	13	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	182	14	society	society	NOUN
easat-1586	182	15	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	182	16	complicating	complicate	VERB
easat-1586	182	17	developmental	developmental	ADJ
easat-1586	182	18	programs	program	NOUN
easat-1586	182	19	set	set	VERB
easat-1586	182	20	forth	forth	ADP
easat-1586	182	21	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	182	22	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	182	23	which	which	PRON
easat-1586	182	24	tend	tend	VERB
easat-1586	182	25	not	not	PART
easat-1586	182	26	sustain	sustain	VERB
easat-1586	182	27	properly	properly	ADV
easat-1586	182	28	if	if	SCONJ
easat-1586	182	29	not	not	PART
easat-1586	182	30	brought	bring	VERB
easat-1586	182	31	together	together	ADV
easat-1586	182	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	182	33	govender	govender	NOUN
easat-1586	182	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	182	35	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	182	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	182	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	183	1	all	all	DET
easat-1586	183	2	these	these	DET
easat-1586	183	3	hinderances	hinderance	NOUN
easat-1586	183	4	make	make	VERB
easat-1586	183	5	collective	collective	ADJ
easat-1586	183	6	actions	action	NOUN
easat-1586	183	7	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	183	8	communal	communal	ADJ
easat-1586	183	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-1586	183	10	harder	hard	ADV
easat-1586	183	11	since	since	SCONJ
easat-1586	183	12	locals	local	NOUN
easat-1586	183	13	become	become	VERB
easat-1586	183	14	isolated	isolated	ADJ
easat-1586	183	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-1586	183	16	fearful	fearful	ADJ
easat-1586	183	17	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	183	18	antisocial	antisocial	ADJ
easat-1586	183	19	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-1586	183	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	183	21	hence	hence	ADV
easat-1586	183	22	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-1586	183	23	their	their	PRON
easat-1586	183	24	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-1586	183	25	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	183	26	tackling	tackle	VERB
easat-1586	183	27	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-1586	183	28	that	that	SCONJ
easat-1586	183	29	the	the	DET
easat-1586	183	30	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	183	31	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	183	32	face	face	VERB
easat-1586	183	33	over	over	ADP
easat-1586	183	34	time	time	NOUN
easat-1586	183	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	184	1	4	4	X
easat-1586	184	2	.	.	X
easat-1586	184	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-1586	184	4	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	184	5	a	a	DET
easat-1586	184	6	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-1586	184	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	184	8	a	a	DET
easat-1586	184	9	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-1586	184	10	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	184	11	faceted	faceted	ADJ
easat-1586	184	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	184	13	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-1586	184	14	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-1586	184	15	combining	combine	VERB
easat-1586	184	16	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-1586	184	17	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	184	18	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	184	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	184	20	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	184	21	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-1586	184	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	184	23	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	184	24	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
easat-1586	184	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	184	26	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-1586	184	27	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-1586	184	28	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	184	29	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-1586	184	30	to	to	PART
easat-1586	184	31	address	address	VERB
easat-1586	184	32	them	they	PRON
easat-1586	184	33	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	184	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	184	35	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	184	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	185	1	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	185	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-1586	185	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	185	4	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
easat-1586	185	5	law	law	NOUN
easat-1586	185	6	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	185	7	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-1586	185	8	together	together	ADV
easat-1586	185	9	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	185	10	judicial	judicial	ADJ
easat-1586	185	11	systems	system	NOUN
easat-1586	185	12	are	be	AUX
easat-1586	185	13	very	very	ADV
easat-1586	185	14	important	important	ADJ
easat-1586	185	15	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	185	16	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-1586	185	17	combating	combat	VERB
easat-1586	185	18	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	185	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	185	20	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	185	21	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	185	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	186	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	186	2	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-1586	186	3	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	186	4	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-1586	186	5	applied	apply	VERB
easat-1586	186	6	science	science	NOUN
easat-1586	186	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	186	8	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-1586	186	9	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-1586	186	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	186	11	2576	2576	NUM
easat-1586	186	12	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	186	13	8484	8484	NUM
easat-1586	186	14	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-1586	186	15	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	186	16	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	186	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	186	18	no	no	INTJ
easat-1586	186	19	.	.	NOUN
easat-1586	186	20	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	186	21	:	:	SYM
easat-1586	186	22	2122	2122	NUM
easat-1586	186	23	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	186	24	2129	2129	NUM
easat-1586	186	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	186	26	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	186	27	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-1586	186	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	186	29	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1586	NUM
easat-1586	186	30	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	186	31	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	186	32	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	186	33	the	the	DET
easat-1586	186	34	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	186	35	;	;	PUNCT
easat-1586	186	36	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-1586	186	37	learning	learn	VERB
easat-1586	186	38	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-1586	186	39	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	186	40	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-1586	186	41	against	against	ADP
easat-1586	186	42	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	186	43	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	186	44	could	could	AUX
easat-1586	186	45	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	186	46	improved	improve	VERB
easat-1586	186	47	through	through	ADP
easat-1586	186	48	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-1586	186	49	training	training	NOUN
easat-1586	186	50	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	186	51	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-1586	186	52	process	process	NOUN
easat-1586	186	53	coupled	couple	VERB
easat-1586	186	54	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	186	55	anti	anti	ADJ
easat-1586	186	56	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	186	57	corruption	corruption	ADJ
easat-1586	186	58	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-1586	186	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	187	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-1586	187	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-1586	187	3	become	become	VERB
easat-1586	187	4	more	more	ADV
easat-1586	187	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	187	6	when	when	SCONJ
easat-1586	187	7	different	different	ADJ
easat-1586	187	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-1586	187	9	collaborate	collaborate	VERB
easat-1586	187	10	across	across	ADP
easat-1586	187	11	jurisdictions	jurisdiction	NOUN
easat-1586	187	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	188	1	building	build	VERB
easat-1586	188	2	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-1586	188	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	188	4	offering	offer	VERB
easat-1586	188	5	victim	victim	NOUN
easat-1586	188	6	support	support	NOUN
easat-1586	188	7	would	would	AUX
easat-1586	188	8	not	not	PART
easat-1586	188	9	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	188	10	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-1586	188	11	without	without	ADP
easat-1586	188	12	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	188	13	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-1586	188	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	189	1	some	some	DET
easat-1586	189	2	collective	collective	ADJ
easat-1586	189	3	actions	action	NOUN
easat-1586	189	4	may	may	AUX
easat-1586	189	5	also	also	ADV
easat-1586	189	6	be	be	AUX
easat-1586	189	7	taken	take	VERB
easat-1586	189	8	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	189	9	empowering	empower	VERB
easat-1586	189	10	local	local	ADJ
easat-1586	189	11	communities	community	NOUN
easat-1586	189	12	via	via	ADP
easat-1586	189	13	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-1586	189	14	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
easat-1586	189	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	189	16	support	support	NOUN
easat-1586	189	17	services	service	NOUN
easat-1586	189	18	along	along	ADP
easat-1586	189	19	with	with	ADP
easat-1586	189	20	community	community	NOUN
easat-1586	189	21	led	lead	VERB
easat-1586	189	22	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-1586	189	23	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-1586	189	24	mitigating	mitigate	VERB
easat-1586	189	25	the	the	DET
easat-1586	189	26	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-1586	189	27	exerted	exert	VERB
easat-1586	189	28	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	189	29	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	189	30	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	189	31	groups	group	NOUN
easat-1586	189	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	190	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-1586	190	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	190	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-1586	190	4	2024	2024	NUM
easat-1586	190	5	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	190	6	the	the	DET
easat-1586	190	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-1586	190	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	191	1	this	this	DET
easat-1586	191	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-1586	191	3	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	191	4	an	an	DET
easat-1586	191	5	open	open	ADJ
easat-1586	191	6	access	access	NOUN
easat-1586	191	7	article	article	NOUN
easat-1586	191	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-1586	191	9	under	under	ADP
easat-1586	191	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	191	11	terms	term	NOUN
easat-1586	191	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	191	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-1586	191	14	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	191	15	the	the	DET
easat-1586	191	16	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-1586	191	17	commons	common	NOUN
easat-1586	191	18	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-1586	191	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	191	20	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-1586	191	21	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	191	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	191	23	license	license	NOUN
easat-1586	191	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	191	25	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-1586	191	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	191	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-1586	192	2	[	[	X
easat-1586	192	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	192	4	]	]	X
easat-1586	192	5	alesina	alesina	NOUN
easat-1586	192	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-1586	192	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	9	piccolo	piccolo	NOUN
easat-1586	192	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	11	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-1586	192	12	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	192	13	pinotti	pinotti	PROPN
easat-1586	192	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	15	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-1586	192	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	18	2018	2018	NUM
easat-1586	192	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	192	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	193	1	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	193	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	193	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	193	4	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	193	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	193	6	politics	politic	NOUN
easat-1586	193	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	194	1	rev	rev	PROPN
easat-1586	194	2	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	194	3	econ	econ	PROPN
easat-1586	194	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	194	5	stud	stud	PROPN
easat-1586	194	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	195	1	86	86	NUM
easat-1586	195	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	195	3	457–499	457–499	NUM
easat-1586	195	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	196	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy036	http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy036	PROPN
easat-1586	196	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	197	2	2	2	NUM
easat-1586	197	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	4	alexeev	alexeev	PROPN
easat-1586	197	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	6	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-1586	197	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	8	janeba	janeba	PROPN
easat-1586	197	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	10	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-1586	197	11	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	197	12	osborne	osborne	PROPN
easat-1586	197	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	14	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-1586	197	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	17	2004	2004	NUM
easat-1586	197	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	197	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	198	1	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-1586	198	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	198	3	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-1586	198	4	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	198	5	the	the	DET
easat-1586	198	6	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-1586	198	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	198	8	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	198	9	by	by	ADP
easat-1586	198	10	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-1586	198	11	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	198	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	199	1	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	199	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	199	3	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-1586	199	4	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	199	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	200	1	32	32	NUM
easat-1586	200	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	200	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	200	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	200	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	200	6	375	375	NUM
easat-1586	200	7	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	200	8	387	387	NUM
easat-1586	200	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	200	10	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2004.04.002	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2004.04.002	NOUN
easat-1586	200	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	201	2	3	3	X
easat-1586	201	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	201	4	amodio	amodio	NOUN
easat-1586	201	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	6	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-1586	201	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	8	choi	choi	PROPN
easat-1586	201	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	10	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-1586	201	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	12	de	de	PROPN
easat-1586	201	13	giorgi	giorgi	PROPN
easat-1586	201	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	15	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	201	16	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	201	17	rahman	rahman	PROPN
easat-1586	201	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	19	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-1586	201	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	22	2022	2022	NUM
easat-1586	201	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	201	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	202	1	bribes	bribe	NOUN
easat-1586	202	2	vs	vs	ADP
easat-1586	202	3	taxes	taxis	NOUN
easat-1586	202	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	202	5	market	market	NOUN
easat-1586	202	6	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-1586	202	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	202	8	incentives	incentive	NOUN
easat-1586	202	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	203	1	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	203	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	203	3	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-1586	203	4	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	203	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	204	1	50	50	NUM
easat-1586	204	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	204	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	204	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	204	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	204	6	435–453	435–453	NUM
easat-1586	204	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	205	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2021.09.006	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2021.09.006	NOUN
easat-1586	205	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	206	2	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	206	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	206	4	asmundo	asmundo	NOUN
easat-1586	206	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	6	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-1586	206	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	8	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	206	9	lisciandra	lisciandra	PROPN
easat-1586	206	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	11	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-1586	206	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	14	2008	2008	NUM
easat-1586	206	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	206	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	207	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	207	2	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	207	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	207	4	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	207	5	racket	racket	NOUN
easat-1586	207	6	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	207	7	sicily	sicily	ADV
easat-1586	207	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	208	1	global	global	ADJ
easat-1586	208	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	208	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	209	1	9	9	NUM
easat-1586	209	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	209	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	209	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	209	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	209	6	221–240	221–240	NUM
easat-1586	209	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	209	8	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440570802254338	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440570802254338	NOUN
easat-1586	209	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	210	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	210	2	5	5	NUM
easat-1586	210	3	]	]	SYM
easat-1586	210	4	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	210	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	210	6	g	g	PROPN
easat-1586	210	7	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	210	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	210	9	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	210	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	210	11	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	210	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	210	13	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	210	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	210	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	211	1	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	211	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	211	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	211	4	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	211	5	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
easat-1586	211	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	211	7	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	211	8	does	do	AUX
easat-1586	211	9	the	the	DET
easat-1586	211	10	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	211	11	go	go	VERB
easat-1586	211	12	?	?	PUNCT
easat-1586	212	1	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	212	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	212	3	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-1586	212	4	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	212	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	213	1	86	86	NUM
easat-1586	213	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	213	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	213	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	213	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	213	6	98–110	98–110	PROPN
easat-1586	213	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	214	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	214	2	6	6	NUM
easat-1586	214	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	214	4	barone	barone	PROPN
easat-1586	214	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	214	6	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	214	7	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	214	8	narciso	narciso	PROPN
easat-1586	214	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	214	10	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	214	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	214	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	214	13	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	214	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	214	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	215	1	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	215	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	215	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	215	4	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	215	5	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
easat-1586	215	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	215	7	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	215	8	does	do	AUX
easat-1586	215	9	the	the	DET
easat-1586	215	10	money	money	NOUN
easat-1586	215	11	go	go	VERB
easat-1586	215	12	?	?	PUNCT
easat-1586	216	1	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	216	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	216	3	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-1586	216	4	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	216	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	217	1	86	86	NUM
easat-1586	217	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	217	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	217	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	217	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	217	6	98–110	98–110	PROPN
easat-1586	217	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	217	8	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2015.01.002	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2015.01.002	NOUN
easat-1586	217	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	218	2	7	7	NUM
easat-1586	218	3	]	]	SYM
easat-1586	218	4	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	218	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	6	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-1586	218	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	8	durante	durante	PROPN
easat-1586	218	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	10	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-1586	218	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	12	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	218	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	14	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-1586	218	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	16	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	218	17	vanin	vanin	NOUN
easat-1586	218	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	19	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-1586	218	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	22	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	218	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	218	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	219	1	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-1586	219	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-1586	219	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	219	4	rich	rich	ADJ
easat-1586	219	5	mines	mine	NOUN
easat-1586	219	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	219	7	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-1586	219	8	curse	curse	NOUN
easat-1586	219	9	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	219	10	the	the	DET
easat-1586	219	11	origins	origin	NOUN
easat-1586	219	12	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	219	13	the	the	DET
easat-1586	219	14	sicilian	sicilian	ADJ
easat-1586	219	15	mafia	mafia	NOUN
easat-1586	219	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	220	1	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	220	2	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	220	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	221	1	125	125	NUM
easat-1586	221	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	221	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	221	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	221	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	221	6	f175	f175	PROPN
easat-1586	221	7	–	–	PUNCT
easat-1586	221	8	f202	f202	PROPN
easat-1586	221	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	222	2	8	8	NUM
easat-1586	222	3	]	]	SYM
easat-1586	222	4	buonanno	buonanno	NOUN
easat-1586	222	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	6	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-1586	222	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	8	prarolo	prarolo	NOUN
easat-1586	222	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	10	g	g	PROPN
easat-1586	222	11	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	222	12	vanin	vanin	PROPN
easat-1586	222	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	14	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-1586	222	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	17	2016	2016	NUM
easat-1586	222	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	222	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	223	1	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	223	2	crime	crime	PROPN
easat-1586	223	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	223	4	electoral	electoral	ADJ
easat-1586	223	5	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-1586	223	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	223	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-1586	223	8	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	223	9	sicily	sicily	ADV
easat-1586	223	10	at	at	ADP
easat-1586	223	11	the	the	DET
easat-1586	223	12	turn	turn	NOUN
easat-1586	223	13	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	223	14	the	the	DET
easat-1586	223	15	xxi	xxi	ADJ
easat-1586	223	16	century	century	NOUN
easat-1586	223	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	224	1	european	european	ADJ
easat-1586	224	2	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-1586	224	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	224	4	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	224	5	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	224	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	225	1	41	41	NUM
easat-1586	225	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	225	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	225	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	225	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	225	6	61–74	61–74	NUM
easat-1586	225	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	225	8	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.11.002	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.11.002	NOUN
easat-1586	225	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	226	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	226	2	9	9	NUM
easat-1586	226	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	226	4	calderoni	calderoni	NOUN
easat-1586	226	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	226	6	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-1586	226	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	226	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	226	9	2011	2011	NUM
easat-1586	226	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	226	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	227	1	where	where	SCONJ
easat-1586	227	2	is	be	AUX
easat-1586	227	3	the	the	DET
easat-1586	227	4	mafia	mafia	NOUN
easat-1586	227	5	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	227	6	italy	italy	PROPN
easat-1586	227	7	?	?	PUNCT
easat-1586	228	1	measuring	measure	VERB
easat-1586	228	2	the	the	DET
easat-1586	228	3	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-1586	228	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	228	5	the	the	DET
easat-1586	228	6	mafia	mafia	NOUN
easat-1586	228	7	across	across	ADP
easat-1586	228	8	italian	italian	ADJ
easat-1586	228	9	provinces	province	NOUN
easat-1586	228	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	229	1	global	global	ADJ
easat-1586	229	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	229	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	230	1	12	12	NUM
easat-1586	230	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	230	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	230	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	230	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	230	6	41–69	41–69	NUM
easat-1586	230	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	231	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2011.548962	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2011.548962	X
easat-1586	231	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	232	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	232	2	10	10	NUM
easat-1586	232	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	232	4	de	de	X
easat-1586	232	5	villiers	villier	NOUN
easat-1586	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	232	7	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-1586	232	8	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-1586	232	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	232	10	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	232	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	232	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	233	1	problematic	problematic	ADJ
easat-1586	233	2	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-1586	233	3	pertaining	pertain	VERB
easat-1586	233	4	to	to	ADP
easat-1586	233	5	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	233	6	offences	offence	NOUN
easat-1586	233	7	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	233	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	233	9	prevention	prevention	NOUN
easat-1586	233	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	233	11	organised	organise	VERB
easat-1586	233	12	crime	crime	PROPN
easat-1586	233	13	act	act	NOUN
easat-1586	233	14	121	121	NUM
easat-1586	233	15	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	233	16	1998	1998	NUM
easat-1586	233	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	234	1	master	master	NOUN
easat-1586	234	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	234	3	laws	law	NOUN
easat-1586	234	4	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
easat-1586	234	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	235	1	university	university	NOUN
easat-1586	235	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	235	3	pretoria	pretoria	PROPN
easat-1586	235	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	236	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	236	2	11	11	NUM
easat-1586	236	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	236	4	gambetta	gambetta	NOUN
easat-1586	236	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	236	6	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-1586	236	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	236	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	236	9	1993	1993	NUM
easat-1586	236	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	236	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	237	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	237	2	sicilian	sicilian	ADJ
easat-1586	237	3	mafia	mafia	PROPN
easat-1586	237	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	237	5	the	the	DET
easat-1586	237	6	business	business	NOUN
easat-1586	237	7	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	237	8	private	private	ADJ
easat-1586	237	9	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	237	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	238	1	harvard	harvard	PROPN
easat-1586	238	2	university	university	PROPN
easat-1586	238	3	press	press	PROPN
easat-1586	238	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	238	5	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
easat-1586	238	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	238	7	london	london	PROPN
easat-1586	238	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	238	9	https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog	https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog	X
easat-1586	238	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	239	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	239	2	12	12	NUM
easat-1586	239	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	239	4	goga	goga	NOUN
easat-1586	239	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	239	6	k	k	PROPN
easat-1586	239	7	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	239	8	goredema	goredema	PROPN
easat-1586	239	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	239	10	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-1586	239	11	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	239	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	240	1	cape	cape	NOUN
easat-1586	240	2	town	town	NOUN
easat-1586	240	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-1586	240	4	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-1586	240	5	rackets	racket	NOUN
easat-1586	240	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	241	1	a	a	DET
easat-1586	241	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-1586	241	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	241	4	violence	violence	NOUN
easat-1586	241	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	241	6	control	control	NOUN
easat-1586	241	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	242	1	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-1586	242	2	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	242	3	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	242	4	studies	study	NOUN
easat-1586	242	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	243	1	iss	iss	PROPN
easat-1586	243	2	paper	paper	PROPN
easat-1586	243	3	259	259	NUM
easat-1586	243	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	244	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	244	2	13	13	NUM
easat-1586	244	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	244	4	govender	govender	NOUN
easat-1586	244	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	244	6	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-1586	244	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	244	8	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	244	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	244	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	245	1	a	a	DET
easat-1586	245	2	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
easat-1586	245	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-1586	245	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	245	5	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-1586	245	6	to	to	PART
easat-1586	245	7	combat	combat	VERB
easat-1586	245	8	organised	organise	VERB
easat-1586	245	9	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	245	10	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	245	11	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	245	12	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	245	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	246	1	insight	insight	NOUN
easat-1586	246	2	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	246	3	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	246	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	247	1	7(2	7(2	PUNCT
easat-1586	247	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	248	1	120	120	NUM
easat-1586	248	2	–	–	PUNCT
easat-1586	248	3	136	136	NUM
easat-1586	248	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	249	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	249	2	14	14	NUM
easat-1586	249	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	249	4	grundling	grundling	NOUN
easat-1586	249	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	249	6	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-1586	249	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	249	8	2013	2013	NUM
easat-1586	249	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	249	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	250	1	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-1586	250	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-1586	250	3	needed	need	VERB
easat-1586	250	4	for	for	ADP
easat-1586	250	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-1586	250	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-1586	250	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-1586	250	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	251	1	aardvark	aardvark	PROPN
easat-1586	251	2	roost	roost	VERB
easat-1586	251	3	electronic	electronic	ADJ
easat-1586	251	4	warfare	warfare	NOUN
easat-1586	251	5	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-1586	251	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	252	1	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	252	2	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	252	3	5	5	NUM
easat-1586	252	4	september	september	NOUN
easat-1586	252	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	253	1	csir	csir	PROPN
easat-1586	253	2	international	international	PROPN
easat-1586	253	3	convention	convention	PROPN
easat-1586	253	4	centre	centre	PROPN
easat-1586	253	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	254	1	pretoria	pretoria	PROPN
easat-1586	254	2	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	254	3	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	254	4	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	254	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	255	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	255	2	15	15	NUM
easat-1586	255	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	255	4	maluleke	maluleke	X
easat-1586	255	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	255	6	w	w	PROPN
easat-1586	255	7	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	255	8	dlamini	dlamini	PROPN
easat-1586	255	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	255	10	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-1586	255	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	255	12	2019	2019	NUM
easat-1586	255	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	255	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	256	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	256	2	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
easat-1586	256	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	256	4	organised	organised	ADJ
easat-1586	256	5	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-1586	256	6	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	256	7	border	border	ADJ
easat-1586	256	8	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	256	9	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	256	10	south	south	PROPN
easat-1586	256	11	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-1586	256	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	256	13	a	a	DET
easat-1586	256	14	non	non	ADJ
easat-1586	256	15	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	256	16	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-1586	256	17	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-1586	256	18	data	datum	NOUN
easat-1586	256	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-1586	256	20	on	on	ADP
easat-1586	256	21	stock	stock	NOUN
easat-1586	256	22	theft	theft	NOUN
easat-1586	256	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	256	24	hijacking	hijacking	NOUN
easat-1586	256	25	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	256	26	motor	motor	NOUN
easat-1586	256	27	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-1586	256	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	257	1	international	international	ADJ
easat-1586	257	2	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	257	3	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	257	4	social	social	ADJ
easat-1586	257	5	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-1586	257	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	257	7	humanity	humanity	NOUN
easat-1586	257	8	studies	study	NOUN
easat-1586	257	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	258	1	11	11	NUM
easat-1586	258	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	258	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	258	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	258	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	258	6	116	116	NUM
easat-1586	258	7	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	258	8	145	145	NUM
easat-1586	258	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	259	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	259	2	16	16	NUM
easat-1586	259	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	259	4	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-1586	259	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	259	6	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-1586	259	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	259	8	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	259	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	259	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	260	1	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-1586	260	2	to	to	PART
easat-1586	260	3	combat	combat	VERB
easat-1586	260	4	organised	organise	VERB
easat-1586	260	5	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	260	6	within	within	ADP
easat-1586	260	7	african	african	ADJ
easat-1586	260	8	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-1586	260	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	261	1	johannesburg	johannesburg	PROPN
easat-1586	261	2	model	model	PROPN
easat-1586	261	3	united	united	PROPN
easat-1586	261	4	nation	nation	PROPN
easat-1586	261	5	2017	2017	NUM
easat-1586	261	6	general	general	ADJ
easat-1586	261	7	assembly	assembly	NOUN
easat-1586	261	8	4	4	NUM
easat-1586	262	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	262	2	online	online	X
easat-1586	262	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	262	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	263	1	https://www.aisjjhb	https://www.aisjjhb	PROPN
easat-1586	263	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	263	3	com	com	NOUN
easat-1586	263	4	/	/	SYM
easat-1586	263	5	uploaded/201617	uploaded/201617	ADJ
easat-1586	263	6	/	/	SYM
easat-1586	263	7	student_life	student_life	NOUN
easat-1586	263	8	/	/	SYM
easat-1586	263	9	jomun	jomun	NOUN
easat-1586	263	10	/	/	SYM
easat-1586	263	11	jomun_website	jomun_website	NOUN
easat-1586	263	12	/	/	SYM
easat-1586	263	13	combatcrime_final.pdf	combatcrime_final.pdf	NOUN
easat-1586	263	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	264	2	17	17	NUM
easat-1586	264	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	4	olken	olken	PROPN
easat-1586	264	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	6	b.a	b.a	PROPN
easat-1586	264	7	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	264	8	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	264	9	barron	barron	PROPN
easat-1586	264	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	11	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-1586	264	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	14	2009	2009	NUM
easat-1586	264	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	264	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	265	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	265	2	simple	simple	ADJ
easat-1586	265	3	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	265	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	265	5	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	265	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	265	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-1586	265	8	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	265	9	trucking	trucking	NOUN
easat-1586	265	10	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	265	11	aceh	aceh	PROPN
easat-1586	265	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	266	1	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-1586	266	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	266	3	political	political	ADJ
easat-1586	266	4	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	266	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	267	1	117	117	NUM
easat-1586	267	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	267	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	267	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	267	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	267	6	417–452	417–452	NUM
easat-1586	267	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	268	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599707	http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599707	NOUN
easat-1586	268	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	269	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	269	2	18	18	NUM
easat-1586	269	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	269	4	piemontese	piemontese	PROPN
easat-1586	269	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	269	6	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-1586	269	7	2023	2023	NUM
easat-1586	269	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	270	1	uncovering	uncover	VERB
easat-1586	270	2	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-1586	270	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	270	4	underground	underground	ADJ
easat-1586	270	5	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	270	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	270	7	the	the	DET
easat-1586	270	8	case	case	NOUN
easat-1586	270	9	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	270	10	mafia	mafia	NOUN
easat-1586	270	11	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	270	12	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	270	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	271	1	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	271	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	271	3	public	public	ADJ
easat-1586	271	4	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	271	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	272	1	227	227	NUM
easat-1586	272	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	272	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	272	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	272	5	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	272	6	-	-	SYM
easat-1586	272	7	27	27	NUM
easat-1586	272	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	272	9	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104997	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104997	NOUN
easat-1586	272	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	273	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	273	2	19	19	NUM
easat-1586	273	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	273	4	piemontese	piemontese	PROPN
easat-1586	273	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	273	6	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-1586	273	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	273	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	273	9	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	273	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	273	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	274	1	uncovering	uncover	VERB
easat-1586	274	2	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-1586	274	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	274	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	274	5	underground	underground	ADJ
easat-1586	274	6	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-1586	274	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	274	8	the	the	DET
easat-1586	274	9	case	case	NOUN
easat-1586	274	10	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	274	11	mafia	mafia	NOUN
easat-1586	274	12	extortion	extortion	NOUN
easat-1586	274	13	racketeering	racketeering	NOUN
easat-1586	274	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	275	1	mimeo	mimeo	NOUN
easat-1586	275	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	275	3	http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683852	http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683852	X
easat-1586	275	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	276	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	276	2	20	20	NUM
easat-1586	276	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	276	4	pinotti	pinotti	VERB
easat-1586	276	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	276	6	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-1586	276	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	276	8	2015	2015	NUM
easat-1586	276	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	276	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	277	1	the	the	DET
easat-1586	277	2	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	277	3	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-1586	277	4	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	277	5	organised	organised	ADJ
easat-1586	277	6	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	277	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	277	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-1586	277	9	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	277	10	southern	southern	PROPN
easat-1586	277	11	italy	italy	PROPN
easat-1586	277	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	278	1	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-1586	278	2	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-1586	278	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	279	1	125	125	NUM
easat-1586	279	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	279	3	586	586	NUM
easat-1586	279	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	279	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	279	6	203–232	203–232	NUM
easat-1586	279	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	280	2	21	21	NUM
easat-1586	280	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	4	seker	seker	NOUN
easat-1586	280	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	6	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-1586	280	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	8	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	280	9	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-1586	280	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	11	j.s	j.s	PROPN
easat-1586	280	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-1586	280	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	15	2014	2014	NUM
easat-1586	280	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	280	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	281	1	bribery	bribery	NOUN
easat-1586	281	2	solicitations	solicitation	NOUN
easat-1586	281	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	281	4	firm	firm	ADJ
easat-1586	281	5	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-1586	281	6	in	in	ADP
easat-1586	281	7	the	the	DET
easat-1586	281	8	latin	latin	PROPN
easat-1586	281	9	america	america	PROPN
easat-1586	281	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	281	11	caribbean	caribbean	ADJ
easat-1586	281	12	region	region	NOUN
easat-1586	281	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	282	1	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-1586	282	2	of	of	ADP
easat-1586	282	3	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-1586	282	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	283	1	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-1586	283	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	284	1	42	42	NUM
easat-1586	284	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	284	3	1	1	NUM
easat-1586	284	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	284	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	284	6	246–264	246–264	NUM
easat-1586	284	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	285	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.004	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.004	NOUN
easat-1586	285	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	1	[	[	X
easat-1586	286	2	22	22	NUM
easat-1586	286	3	]	]	X
easat-1586	286	4	slutzky	slutzky	PROPN
easat-1586	286	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	6	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-1586	286	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	8	&	&	CCONJ
easat-1586	286	9	zeume	zeume	PROPN
easat-1586	286	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	11	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-1586	286	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	14	2020	2020	NUM
easat-1586	286	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-1586	286	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	287	1	organized	organize	VERB
easat-1586	287	2	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-1586	287	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-1586	287	4	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-1586	287	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-1586	287	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-1586	287	7	from	from	ADP
easat-1586	287	8	anti	anti	ADJ
easat-1586	287	9	-	-	ADJ
easat-1586	287	10	mafia	mafia	ADJ
easat-1586	287	11	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-1586	287	12	actions	action	NOUN
easat-1586	287	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	288	1	mimeo	mimeo	NOUN
easat-1586	288	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-1586	288	3	https://ssrn.com/abstract=3242495	https://ssrn.com/abstract=3242495	NUM
easat-1586	288	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-1586	289	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN