id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-4377	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	2	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	2	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	2	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-4377	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-4377	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	1	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	3	2	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	3	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	3	4	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	3	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	3	6	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	3	7	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	8	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	3	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	3	10	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	3	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-4377	3	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	3	13	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	3	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	3	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	3	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	3	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	3	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	3	20	history	history	NOUN
easat-4377	3	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	22	received	receive	VERB
easat-4377	3	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	24	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	3	25	december	december	PROPN
easat-4377	3	26	2024	2024	NUM
easat-4377	3	27	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	28	revised	revise	VERB
easat-4377	3	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	30	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	3	31	january	january	NOUN
easat-4377	3	32	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	3	33	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	34	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-4377	3	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	36	16	16	NUM
easat-4377	3	37	january	january	PROPN
easat-4377	3	38	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	3	39	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	40	published	publish	VERB
easat-4377	3	41	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	42	22	22	NUM
easat-4377	3	43	january	january	PROPN
easat-4377	3	44	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	3	45	*	*	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	46	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-4377	3	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	48	srinivasareddy.k@vitap.ac.in	srinivasareddy.k@vitap.ac.in	AUX
easat-4377	3	49	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	3	50	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	3	51	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	3	52	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	3	53	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	3	54	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	3	55	disease	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	3	56	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	3	57	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	58	a	a	DET
easat-4377	3	59	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-4377	3	60	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	3	61	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	3	62	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	3	63	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	3	64	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	3	65	preethi	preethi	ADV
easat-4377	3	66	kulkarni1	kulkarni1	PROPN
easat-4377	3	67	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	3	68	srinivasa	srinivasa	PROPN
easat-4377	3	69	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-4377	3	70	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	1	k2	k2	PROPN
easat-4377	4	2	*	*	PROPN
easat-4377	4	3	1,2school	1,2school	PROPN
easat-4377	4	4	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	4	5	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-4377	4	6	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	4	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	4	8	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-4377	4	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	10	vit	vit	PROPN
easat-4377	4	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	12	ap	ap	PROPN
easat-4377	4	13	university	university	PROPN
easat-4377	4	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	15	amaravathi	amaravathi	ADV
easat-4377	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	17	andhra	andhra	PROPN
easat-4377	4	18	pradesh	pradesh	PROPN
easat-4377	4	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	20	522241	522241	NUM
easat-4377	4	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	22	india	india	PROPN
easat-4377	4	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	24	preethi.23phd7092@vitap.ac.in	preethi.23phd7092@vitap.ac.in	X
easat-4377	4	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	4	26	p.k	p.k	PROPN
easat-4377	4	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	4	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	5	1	srinivasareddy.k@vitap.ac.in	srinivasareddy.k@vitap.ac.in	VERB
easat-4377	5	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	5	3	s.r.k	s.r.k	NOUN
easat-4377	5	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	5	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	6	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
easat-4377	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	6	3	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	6	4	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	6	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	6	6	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	6	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	6	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	6	9	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	6	10	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	6	11	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	6	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	6	13	dme	dme	X
easat-4377	6	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	6	15	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	6	16	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-4377	6	17	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	6	18	disorders	disorder	NOUN
easat-4377	6	19	affecting	affect	VERB
easat-4377	6	20	the	the	DET
easat-4377	6	21	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	6	22	’s	’s	PART
easat-4377	6	23	inner	inner	ADJ
easat-4377	6	24	side	side	NOUN
easat-4377	6	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	7	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	7	2	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	7	3	helps	help	VERB
easat-4377	7	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	7	5	person	person	NOUN
easat-4377	7	6	see	see	VERB
easat-4377	7	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	7	8	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
easat-4377	7	9	between	between	ADP
easat-4377	7	10	colors	color	NOUN
easat-4377	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	7	12	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	7	13	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	7	14	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-4377	7	15	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	7	16	performing	perform	VERB
easat-4377	7	17	daily	daily	ADJ
easat-4377	7	18	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-4377	7	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	8	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	8	2	has	have	AUX
easat-4377	8	3	been	be	AUX
easat-4377	8	4	observed	observe	VERB
easat-4377	8	5	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	8	6	long	long	ADJ
easat-4377	8	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	8	8	term	term	NOUN
easat-4377	8	9	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	8	10	patients	patient	NOUN
easat-4377	8	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	8	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	8	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	8	14	count	count	NOUN
easat-4377	8	15	gradually	gradually	ADV
easat-4377	8	16	increases	increase	VERB
easat-4377	8	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	9	1	manually	manually	ADV
easat-4377	9	2	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	9	3	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	9	4	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-4377	9	5	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	9	6	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	9	7	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	9	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	9	9	consuming	consume	VERB
easat-4377	9	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	9	11	may	may	AUX
easat-4377	9	12	not	not	PART
easat-4377	9	13	yield	yield	VERB
easat-4377	9	14	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-4377	9	15	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	9	17	as	as	SCONJ
easat-4377	9	18	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	9	19	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	9	20	lead	lead	VERB
easat-4377	9	21	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	9	22	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	9	23	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	9	24	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	9	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	9	26	if	if	SCONJ
easat-4377	9	27	delayed	delay	VERB
easat-4377	9	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	9	29	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	9	30	cause	cause	VERB
easat-4377	9	31	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-4377	9	32	impairment	impairment	NOUN
easat-4377	9	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	10	1	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-4377	10	2	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	10	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	10	4	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-4377	10	5	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	10	6	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	10	7	care	care	NOUN
easat-4377	10	8	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	10	9	enabled	enable	VERB
easat-4377	10	10	automated	automate	VERB
easat-4377	10	11	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	10	12	to	to	PART
easat-4377	10	13	perform	perform	VERB
easat-4377	10	14	this	this	DET
easat-4377	10	15	task	task	NOUN
easat-4377	10	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	11	1	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-4377	11	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	11	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	11	4	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	11	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	11	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	11	7	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	11	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	11	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	11	10	dl	dl	INTJ
easat-4377	11	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	11	12	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	11	13	two	two	NUM
easat-4377	11	14	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-4377	11	15	fields	field	NOUN
easat-4377	11	16	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	11	17	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-4377	11	18	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-4377	11	19	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	11	20	help	help	AUX
easat-4377	11	21	identify	identify	VERB
easat-4377	11	22	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	11	23	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	11	24	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	11	25	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	11	26	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	11	27	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	11	28	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	11	29	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	11	30	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	11	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	11	32	properly	properly	ADV
easat-4377	11	33	treat	treat	VERB
easat-4377	11	34	patients	patient	NOUN
easat-4377	11	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	12	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-4377	12	3	reviews	review	VERB
easat-4377	12	4	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	12	5	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	12	6	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	12	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	8	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	12	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	10	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	12	11	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	12	12	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	12	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	12	14	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	12	16	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	12	17	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	12	18	to	to	PART
easat-4377	12	19	implement	implement	VERB
easat-4377	12	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	12	21	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	12	22	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	12	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	24	along	along	ADP
easat-4377	12	25	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	12	26	the	the	DET
easat-4377	12	27	assets	asset	NOUN
easat-4377	12	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	29	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-4377	12	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	12	32	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-4377	12	33	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	12	34	each	each	DET
easat-4377	12	35	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	12	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	12	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	12	38	helps	help	VERB
easat-4377	12	39	improve	improve	VERB
easat-4377	12	40	further	further	ADJ
easat-4377	12	41	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	12	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-4377	13	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	3	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	13	4	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	13	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	6	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	13	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	8	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	13	9	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	13	10	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	12	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	13	13	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	13	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	15	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	13	16	disease	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	13	18	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-4377	13	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	13	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	14	1	1	1	X
easat-4377	14	2	.	.	X
easat-4377	14	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-4377	14	4	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	14	5	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	14	6	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	14	7	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	14	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	14	9	most	most	ADV
easat-4377	14	10	common	common	ADJ
easat-4377	14	11	endocrine	endocrine	NOUN
easat-4377	14	12	disorders	disorder	NOUN
easat-4377	14	13	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	14	14	human	human	ADJ
easat-4377	14	15	beings	being	NOUN
easat-4377	14	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	14	17	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	14	18	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	14	19	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-4377	14	20	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	14	21	abnormal	abnormal	ADJ
easat-4377	14	22	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	14	23	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	14	24	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	14	25	glucose	glucose	NOUN
easat-4377	14	26	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	14	27	the	the	DET
easat-4377	14	28	body	body	NOUN
easat-4377	14	29	[	[	X
easat-4377	14	30	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	14	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	14	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	15	1	elevated	elevated	ADJ
easat-4377	15	2	glucose	glucose	NOUN
easat-4377	15	3	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	15	4	characterize	characterize	VERB
easat-4377	15	5	this	this	DET
easat-4377	15	6	chronic	chronic	ADJ
easat-4377	15	7	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	15	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	1	this	this	PRON
easat-4377	16	2	leads	lead	VERB
easat-4377	16	3	to	to	PART
easat-4377	16	4	type	type	VERB
easat-4377	16	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	16	6	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	16	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	16	8	type	type	NOUN
easat-4377	16	9	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	16	10	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	16	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	16	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	16	13	inability	inability	NOUN
easat-4377	16	14	to	to	PART
easat-4377	16	15	use	use	VERB
easat-4377	16	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	16	17	insulin	insulin	NOUN
easat-4377	16	18	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	16	19	makes	make	VERB
easat-4377	16	20	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	16	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	22	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	16	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	24	when	when	SCONJ
easat-4377	16	25	not	not	PART
easat-4377	16	26	treated	treat	VERB
easat-4377	16	27	properly	properly	ADV
easat-4377	16	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	29	affects	affect	VERB
easat-4377	16	30	most	most	ADJ
easat-4377	16	31	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	16	32	the	the	DET
easat-4377	16	33	body	body	NOUN
easat-4377	16	34	's	's	PART
easat-4377	16	35	organs	organ	NOUN
easat-4377	16	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	37	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	16	38	kidney	kidney	NOUN
easat-4377	16	39	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-4377	16	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	41	heart	heart	NOUN
easat-4377	16	42	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-4377	16	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	44	eyes	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	16	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	16	47	life	life	NOUN
easat-4377	16	48	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	16	49	threatening	threaten	VERB
easat-4377	16	50	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-4377	16	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	17	1	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	17	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-4377	17	3	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-4377	17	4	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	17	5	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	17	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	17	7	a	a	DET
easat-4377	17	8	painful	painful	ADJ
easat-4377	17	9	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	17	10	disease	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	17	11	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	17	12	affects	affect	VERB
easat-4377	17	13	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	17	14	patients	patient	NOUN
easat-4377	17	15	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	17	16	elevated	elevated	ADJ
easat-4377	17	17	glucose	glucose	NOUN
easat-4377	17	18	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	17	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	18	1	around	around	ADV
easat-4377	18	2	537	537	NUM
easat-4377	18	3	million	million	NUM
easat-4377	18	4	adults	adult	NOUN
easat-4377	18	5	between	between	ADP
easat-4377	18	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	18	7	ages	age	NOUN
easat-4377	18	8	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	18	9	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	18	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	18	11	79	79	NUM
easat-4377	18	12	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
easat-4377	18	13	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	18	14	currently	currently	ADV
easat-4377	18	15	living	live	VERB
easat-4377	18	16	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	18	17	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	18	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	18	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	18	20	this	this	DET
easat-4377	18	21	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-4377	18	22	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	18	23	expected	expect	VERB
easat-4377	18	24	to	to	PART
easat-4377	18	25	rise	rise	VERB
easat-4377	18	26	substantially	substantially	ADV
easat-4377	18	27	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	18	28	the	the	DET
easat-4377	18	29	coming	come	VERB
easat-4377	18	30	years	year	NOUN
easat-4377	18	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	1	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	19	2	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	19	3	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-4377	19	4	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	19	5	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	19	6	’s	’s	PART
easat-4377	19	7	life	life	NOUN
easat-4377	19	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	19	10	when	when	SCONJ
easat-4377	19	11	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	19	12	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	19	13	impaired	impair	VERB
easat-4377	19	14	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	19	15	lost	lose	VERB
easat-4377	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	17	known	know	VERB
easat-4377	19	18	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	19	19	blindness	blindness	NOUN
easat-4377	19	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	21	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	19	22	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	19	23	restrict	restrict	VERB
easat-4377	19	24	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	19	25	’s	’s	PART
easat-4377	19	26	daily	daily	ADJ
easat-4377	19	27	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-4377	19	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	29	pull	pull	VERB
easat-4377	19	30	back	back	ADV
easat-4377	19	31	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	19	32	’s	’s	NOUN
easat-4377	19	33	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-4377	19	34	mobility	mobility	NOUN
easat-4377	19	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	19	37	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	19	38	extreme	extreme	ADJ
easat-4377	19	39	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	19	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	19	41	result	result	VERB
easat-4377	19	42	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	19	43	mortality	mortality	NOUN
easat-4377	20	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	20	2	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	20	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	20	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	21	1	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	21	3	when	when	SCONJ
easat-4377	21	4	not	not	PART
easat-4377	21	5	properly	properly	ADV
easat-4377	21	6	diagnosed	diagnose	VERB
easat-4377	21	7	early	early	ADV
easat-4377	21	8	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	21	9	lead	lead	VERB
easat-4377	21	10	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	21	11	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	21	12	complications	complication	NOUN
easat-4377	21	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	21	14	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-4377	21	15	result	result	VERB
easat-4377	21	16	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	21	17	permanent	permanent	ADJ
easat-4377	21	18	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	21	19	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	21	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	22	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	22	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-4377	22	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-4377	22	4	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-4377	22	5	103.12	103.12	NUM
easat-4377	22	6	million	million	NUM
easat-4377	22	7	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-4377	22	8	currently	currently	ADV
easat-4377	22	9	suffer	suffer	VERB
easat-4377	22	10	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	22	11	this	this	DET
easat-4377	22	12	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	22	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	22	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	22	15	this	this	DET
easat-4377	22	16	number	number	NOUN
easat-4377	22	17	could	could	AUX
easat-4377	22	18	rise	rise	VERB
easat-4377	22	19	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	22	20	160.50	160.50	NUM
easat-4377	22	21	million	million	NUM
easat-4377	22	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	23	1	long	long	ADJ
easat-4377	23	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	23	3	term	term	NOUN
easat-4377	23	4	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	23	5	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	23	6	sugar	sugar	NOUN
easat-4377	23	7	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	23	8	cause	cause	VERB
easat-4377	23	9	gradual	gradual	ADJ
easat-4377	23	10	vascular	vascular	ADJ
easat-4377	23	11	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
easat-4377	23	12	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	23	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	23	14	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	23	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	23	16	a	a	DET
easat-4377	23	17	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	23	18	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	23	19	has	have	AUX
easat-4377	23	20	been	be	AUX
easat-4377	23	21	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-4377	23	22	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	23	23	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-4377	23	24	living	live	VERB
easat-4377	23	25	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	23	26	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	23	27	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	23	28	over	over	ADP
easat-4377	23	29	ten	ten	NUM
easat-4377	23	30	years	year	NOUN
easat-4377	23	31	[	[	X
easat-4377	23	32	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	23	33	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	23	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	24	1	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	24	2	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	24	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	24	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	24	5	disorder	disorder	NOUN
easat-4377	24	6	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-4377	24	7	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	24	8	hyperglycemia	hyperglycemia	NOUN
easat-4377	24	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	24	10	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	24	11	damages	damage	VERB
easat-4377	24	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	24	13	injures	injure	VERB
easat-4377	24	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	24	15	ocular	ocular	ADJ
easat-4377	24	16	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	24	17	vessels	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	24	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	24	19	causing	cause	VERB
easat-4377	24	20	them	they	PRON
easat-4377	24	21	to	to	PART
easat-4377	24	22	leak	leak	VERB
easat-4377	24	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	24	24	rupture	rupture	NOUN
easat-4377	24	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	24	26	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	24	27	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	24	28	the	the	DET
easat-4377	24	29	most	most	ADV
easat-4377	24	30	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-4377	24	31	complications	complication	NOUN
easat-4377	24	32	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	24	33	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	24	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	25	1	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	25	2	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	25	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	25	4	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	25	5	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	25	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	25	7	visible	visible	ADJ
easat-4377	25	8	manifestation	manifestation	NOUN
easat-4377	25	9	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	25	10	this	this	DET
easat-4377	25	11	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	25	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	1	these	these	DET
easat-4377	26	2	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	26	3	lead	lead	VERB
easat-4377	26	4	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	26	5	haemorrhages	haemorrhage	NOUN
easat-4377	26	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	7	cottage	cottage	NOUN
easat-4377	26	8	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	26	9	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	26	10	due	due	ADP
easat-4377	26	11	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	26	12	rupture	rupture	NOUN
easat-4377	26	13	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	26	14	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	26	15	vessels	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	26	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	18	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	26	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	20	fluid	fluid	ADJ
easat-4377	26	21	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN
easat-4377	26	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	26	25	microaneurysms	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	26	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	27	white	white	ADJ
easat-4377	26	28	bulges	bulge	NOUN
easat-4377	26	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	26	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	27	1	https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0063-4542	https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0063-4542	PROPN
easat-4377	27	2	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-2169	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-2169	PROPN
easat-4377	27	3	1208	1208	PROPN
easat-4377	27	4	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	27	5	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	27	6	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	27	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	27	8	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	27	9	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	27	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	27	11	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	27	12	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	27	13	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	27	14	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	27	15	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	28	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	28	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	28	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	28	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	28	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	28	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	28	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	28	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	28	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	28	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	28	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	28	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	28	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	28	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	28	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	28	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	28	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	28	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	28	24	microaneurysms	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	28	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	26	these	these	DET
easat-4377	28	27	tiny	tiny	ADJ
easat-4377	28	28	red	red	ADJ
easat-4377	28	29	dots	dot	NOUN
easat-4377	28	30	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	28	31	the	the	DET
easat-4377	28	32	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	28	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	34	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-4377	28	35	encircled	encircle	VERB
easat-4377	28	36	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	28	37	a	a	DET
easat-4377	28	38	ring	ring	NOUN
easat-4377	28	39	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	28	40	yellow	yellow	ADJ
easat-4377	28	41	lipids	lipid	NOUN
easat-4377	28	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	43	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	28	44	the	the	DET
easat-4377	28	45	first	first	ADJ
easat-4377	28	46	visible	visible	ADJ
easat-4377	28	47	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-4377	28	48	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	28	49	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	28	50	[	[	X
easat-4377	28	51	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	28	52	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	28	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	29	1	haemorrhages	haemorrhage	NOUN
easat-4377	29	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	29	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	29	4	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-4377	29	5	visible	visible	ADJ
easat-4377	29	6	signs	sign	NOUN
easat-4377	29	7	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	29	8	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	29	9	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	29	10	small	small	ADJ
easat-4377	29	11	red	red	ADJ
easat-4377	29	12	spots	spot	NOUN
easat-4377	29	13	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	29	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	29	15	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	29	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	29	17	typically	typically	ADV
easat-4377	29	18	encircled	encircle	VERB
easat-4377	29	19	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	29	20	a	a	DET
easat-4377	29	21	ring	ring	NOUN
easat-4377	29	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	29	23	yellow	yellow	ADJ
easat-4377	29	24	lipids	lipid	NOUN
easat-4377	29	25	[	[	X
easat-4377	29	26	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	29	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	29	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	30	1	hard	hard	ADJ
easat-4377	30	2	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	30	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	30	4	these	these	PRON
easat-4377	30	5	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	30	6	thick	thick	ADJ
easat-4377	30	7	yellow	yellow	ADJ
easat-4377	30	8	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	30	9	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	30	11	caused	cause	VERB
easat-4377	30	12	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	30	13	plasma	plasma	NOUN
easat-4377	30	14	leakage	leakage	NOUN
easat-4377	30	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	31	1	soft	soft	ADJ
easat-4377	31	2	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	31	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	31	4	cotton	cotton	NOUN
easat-4377	31	5	wool	wool	NOUN
easat-4377	31	6	spots	spot	NOUN
easat-4377	31	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	31	8	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	31	9	observed	observe	VERB
easat-4377	31	10	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	31	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	31	12	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	32	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	32	2	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	32	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	32	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	33	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-4377	33	2	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	33	3	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	33	4	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-4377	33	5	between	between	ADP
easat-4377	33	6	a	a	DET
easat-4377	33	7	normal	normal	ADJ
easat-4377	33	8	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	33	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	33	10	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	33	11	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	33	12	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	33	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	34	1	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	34	2	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	34	3	edema	edema	PROPN
easat-4377	34	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	34	5	dme	dme	X
easat-4377	34	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	34	7	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	34	8	a	a	DET
easat-4377	34	9	serious	serious	ADJ
easat-4377	34	10	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	34	11	indicator	indicator	NOUN
easat-4377	34	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	35	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	35	2	begins	begin	VERB
easat-4377	35	3	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	35	4	blurred	blurred	ADJ
easat-4377	35	5	sight	sight	NOUN
easat-4377	35	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	35	7	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	35	8	progress	progress	VERB
easat-4377	35	9	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	35	10	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-4377	35	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	35	12	complete	complete	ADJ
easat-4377	35	13	irreversible	irreversible	ADJ
easat-4377	35	14	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	35	15	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	35	16	[	[	X
easat-4377	35	17	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	35	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	35	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	36	1	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	36	2	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	36	3	a	a	DET
easat-4377	36	4	complicated	complicated	ADJ
easat-4377	36	5	disease	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	36	6	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	36	7	starts	start	VERB
easat-4377	36	8	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	36	9	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	36	10	vessels	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	36	11	leaking	leak	VERB
easat-4377	36	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	36	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	36	14	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	36	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	36	16	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	36	17	barrier	barrier	NOUN
easat-4377	36	18	breaking	break	VERB
easat-4377	36	19	down	down	ADP
easat-4377	36	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	36	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	36	22	fat	fat	ADJ
easat-4377	36	23	building	building	NOUN
easat-4377	36	24	up	up	ADP
easat-4377	36	25	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	36	26	the	the	DET
easat-4377	36	27	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	36	28	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	36	29	[	[	X
easat-4377	36	30	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	36	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	36	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	37	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	37	2	process	process	NOUN
easat-4377	37	3	causes	cause	VERB
easat-4377	37	4	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	37	5	swelling	swelling	NOUN
easat-4377	37	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	37	7	exudate	exudate	ADJ
easat-4377	37	8	formation	formation	NOUN
easat-4377	37	9	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	37	10	the	the	DET
easat-4377	37	11	macula	macula	NOUN
easat-4377	37	12	—	—	PUNCT
easat-4377	37	13	hyperglycaemia	hyperglycaemia	NOUN
easat-4377	37	14	cause	cause	VERB
easat-4377	37	15	glycosylation	glycosylation	NOUN
easat-4377	37	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	37	17	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-4377	37	18	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	37	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	37	20	progression	progression	NOUN
easat-4377	37	21	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	37	22	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	37	23	mellitus	mellitus	NOUN
easat-4377	37	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	37	25	dm	dm	PROPN
easat-4377	37	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	37	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	38	1	over	over	ADP
easat-4377	38	2	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	38	4	this	this	DET
easat-4377	38	5	process	process	NOUN
easat-4377	38	6	denatures	denature	VERB
easat-4377	38	7	collagen	collagen	NOUN
easat-4377	38	8	proteins	protein	NOUN
easat-4377	38	9	within	within	ADP
easat-4377	38	10	the	the	DET
easat-4377	38	11	vessel	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	38	12	walls	wall	NOUN
easat-4377	38	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	38	14	resulting	result	VERB
easat-4377	38	15	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	38	16	capillary	capillary	ADJ
easat-4377	38	17	thickening	thickening	NOUN
easat-4377	38	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	38	19	eventual	eventual	ADJ
easat-4377	38	20	breakdown	breakdown	NOUN
easat-4377	38	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	39	1	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	39	2	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	39	3	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	39	4	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	39	5	performed	perform	VERB
easat-4377	39	6	directly	directly	ADV
easat-4377	39	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	39	8	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
easat-4377	39	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	40	1	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-4377	40	2	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	40	3	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	40	4	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	40	5	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	40	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	40	7	dme	dme	X
easat-4377	40	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	40	9	typically	typically	ADV
easat-4377	40	10	involves	involve	VERB
easat-4377	40	11	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-4377	40	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	40	13	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	40	14	stereoscopy	stereoscopy	NOUN
easat-4377	40	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	40	16	tomography	tomography	NOUN
easat-4377	40	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	40	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	40	19	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
easat-4377	40	20	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	40	21	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	40	22	hard	hard	ADJ
easat-4377	40	23	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	40	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	40	25	he	he	PRON
easat-4377	40	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	40	27	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	40	28	color	color	NOUN
easat-4377	40	29	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	40	30	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	40	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	41	1	however	however	ADV
easat-4377	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	41	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-4377	41	4	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-4377	41	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	41	6	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-4377	41	7	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	41	8	remains	remain	VERB
easat-4377	41	9	largely	largely	ADV
easat-4377	41	10	manual	manual	ADJ
easat-4377	41	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	41	12	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	41	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	41	14	consuming	consume	VERB
easat-4377	41	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	41	16	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-4377	41	17	relying	rely	VERB
easat-4377	41	18	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	41	19	examining	examine	VERB
easat-4377	41	20	color	color	NOUN
easat-4377	41	21	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	41	22	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	41	23	[	[	X
easat-4377	41	24	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	41	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	41	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	42	1	how	how	SCONJ
easat-4377	42	2	close	close	ADJ
easat-4377	42	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	42	4	hard	hard	ADJ
easat-4377	42	5	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	42	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	42	7	he	he	PRON
easat-4377	42	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	42	9	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	42	10	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	42	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	42	12	center	center	NOUN
easat-4377	42	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	42	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	42	15	macula	macula	NOUN
easat-4377	42	16	[	[	X
easat-4377	42	17	3	3	X
easat-4377	42	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	42	19	determines	determine	VERB
easat-4377	42	20	the	the	DET
easat-4377	42	21	extremity	extremity	NOUN
easat-4377	42	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	42	23	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	42	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	43	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	43	2	showcases	showcase	VERB
easat-4377	43	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	43	4	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	43	5	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	43	6	three	three	NUM
easat-4377	43	7	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	43	8	gradings	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	43	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	43	10	no	no	DET
easat-4377	43	11	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	43	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	43	13	no	no	ADV
easat-4377	43	14	visible	visible	ADJ
easat-4377	43	15	he	he	PRON
easat-4377	43	16	's	's	PART
easat-4377	43	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	43	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	43	19	ncsme	ncsme	NOUN
easat-4377	43	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	43	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	43	22	csme	csme	ADJ
easat-4377	43	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	44	1	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	44	2	categorize	categorize	VERB
easat-4377	44	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	44	4	disease	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	44	5	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	44	6	mild	mild	ADJ
easat-4377	44	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	44	8	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	44	9	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	44	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	45	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	45	2	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	45	3	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	45	4	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	45	5	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	45	6	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-4377	45	7	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	45	8	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	45	9	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-4377	45	10	the	the	DET
easat-4377	45	11	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-4377	45	12	between	between	ADP
easat-4377	45	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	45	14	hard	hard	ADJ
easat-4377	45	15	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	45	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	45	17	he	he	PRON
easat-4377	45	18	s	s	VERB
easat-4377	45	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	45	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	45	21	the	the	DET
easat-4377	45	22	macula	macula	ADJ
easat-4377	45	23	center	center	NOUN
easat-4377	45	24	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	45	25	shorter	short	ADJ
easat-4377	45	26	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	45	27	longer	long	ADJ
easat-4377	45	28	than	than	ADP
easat-4377	45	29	the	the	DET
easat-4377	45	30	diameter	diameter	NOUN
easat-4377	45	31	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	45	32	the	the	DET
easat-4377	45	33	optic	optic	NOUN
easat-4377	45	34	disc	disc	NOUN
easat-4377	45	35	[	[	X
easat-4377	45	36	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	45	37	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	45	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	46	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	46	2	central	central	ADJ
easat-4377	46	3	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	46	4	plays	play	VERB
easat-4377	46	5	a	a	DET
easat-4377	46	6	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-4377	46	7	role	role	NOUN
easat-4377	46	8	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	46	9	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-4377	46	10	acuity	acuity	NOUN
easat-4377	46	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	47	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-4377	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	47	3	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	47	4	blurs	blur	VERB
easat-4377	47	5	when	when	SCONJ
easat-4377	47	6	edema	edema	PROPN
easat-4377	47	7	affects	affect	VERB
easat-4377	47	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	47	9	macula	macula	NOUN
easat-4377	47	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	47	11	may	may	AUX
easat-4377	47	12	disappear	disappear	VERB
easat-4377	47	13	completely	completely	ADV
easat-4377	47	14	[	[	X
easat-4377	47	15	6	6	NUM
easat-4377	47	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	47	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-4377	48	2	diagnosing	diagnose	VERB
easat-4377	48	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	48	4	managing	manage	VERB
easat-4377	48	5	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	48	6	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	48	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	8	ophthalmologists	ophthalmologist	NOUN
easat-4377	48	9	usually	usually	ADV
easat-4377	48	10	perform	perform	VERB
easat-4377	48	11	a	a	DET
easat-4377	48	12	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-4377	48	13	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	48	14	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-4377	48	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	16	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	48	17	involves	involve	VERB
easat-4377	48	18	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-4377	48	19	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-4377	48	20	acuity	acuity	NOUN
easat-4377	48	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	22	conducting	conduct	VERB
easat-4377	48	23	slit	slit	ADJ
easat-4377	48	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	25	lamp	lamp	NOUN
easat-4377	48	26	examinations	examination	NOUN
easat-4377	48	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	48	29	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
easat-4377	48	30	employing	employ	VERB
easat-4377	48	31	optical	optical	ADJ
easat-4377	48	32	coherence	coherence	NOUN
easat-4377	48	33	tomography	tomography	NOUN
easat-4377	48	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	35	oct	oct	NOUN
easat-4377	48	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	48	37	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	48	38	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	48	39	photography	photography	NOUN
easat-4377	48	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	49	1	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	49	2	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	49	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	49	4	proper	proper	ADJ
easat-4377	49	5	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-4377	49	6	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	49	7	save	save	VERB
easat-4377	49	8	a	a	DET
easat-4377	49	9	person	person	NOUN
easat-4377	49	10	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	49	11	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-4377	49	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	49	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	49	14	permanent	permanent	ADJ
easat-4377	49	15	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	49	16	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	49	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	50	1	fig	fig	NOUN
easat-4377	50	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	51	1	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	51	2	depicts	depict	VERB
easat-4377	51	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	51	4	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	51	5	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	51	6	[	[	X
easat-4377	51	7	7	7	X
easat-4377	51	8	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	51	9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
easat-4377	51	10	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	51	11	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	51	12	outlines	outline	VERB
easat-4377	51	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	51	14	five	five	NUM
easat-4377	51	15	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	51	16	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	51	17	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	51	18	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	51	19	[	[	X
easat-4377	51	20	7	7	NUM
easat-4377	51	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	51	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	52	1	fig	fig	NOUN
easat-4377	52	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	53	1	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	53	2	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-4377	53	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	53	4	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	53	5	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	53	6	process	process	NOUN
easat-4377	53	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	53	8	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	53	9	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	53	10	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	53	11	details	detail	NOUN
easat-4377	53	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	53	13	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-4377	53	14	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	53	15	each	each	DET
easat-4377	53	16	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	53	17	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	53	18	[	[	X
easat-4377	53	19	7	7	NUM
easat-4377	53	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	53	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	54	1	1209	1209	NUM
easat-4377	54	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	54	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	54	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	54	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	54	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	54	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	54	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	54	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	54	10	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	54	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	54	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	54	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	55	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	55	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	55	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	55	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	55	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	55	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	55	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	55	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	55	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	55	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	55	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	55	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	55	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	55	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	55	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	55	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	55	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	55	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	55	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	55	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	55	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	55	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	55	24	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	55	25	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	55	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	56	1	clinical	clinical	ADJ
easat-4377	56	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-4377	56	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	56	4	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	56	5	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	56	6	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	56	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	57	1	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	57	2	stage	stage	PROPN
easat-4377	57	3	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	57	4	observable	observable	ADJ
easat-4377	57	5	clinical	clinical	ADJ
easat-4377	57	6	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-4377	57	7	0	0	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	1	no	no	DET
easat-4377	58	2	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	58	3	no	no	DET
easat-4377	58	4	abnormalities	abnormality	NOUN
easat-4377	58	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	58	6	mild	mild	ADJ
easat-4377	58	7	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	58	8	microaneurysms	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	58	9	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	58	10	present	present	ADJ
easat-4377	58	11	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	58	12	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-4377	58	13	npdr	npdr	NOUN
easat-4377	58	14	microaneurysms	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	58	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	16	haemorrhages	haemorrhage	NOUN
easat-4377	58	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	58	18	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	58	19	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	58	20	have	have	VERB
easat-4377	58	21	any	any	PRON
easat-4377	58	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	58	23	two	two	NUM
easat-4377	58	24	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	58	25	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	58	26	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	58	27	npdr	npdr	NOUN
easat-4377	58	28	venous	venous	ADJ
easat-4377	58	29	bleeding	bleeding	NOUN
easat-4377	58	30	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	58	31	two	two	NUM
easat-4377	58	32	quadrants	quadrant	NOUN
easat-4377	58	33	if	if	SCONJ
easat-4377	58	34	found	find	VERB
easat-4377	58	35	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	58	36	pdr	pdr	PROPN
easat-4377	58	37	neovascularization	neovascularization	NOUN
easat-4377	58	38	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	58	39	/	/	SYM
easat-4377	58	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	58	41	vitreous	vitreous	ADJ
easat-4377	58	42	haemorrhage	haemorrhage	NOUN
easat-4377	58	43	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	44	a	a	X
easat-4377	58	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	46	no	no	DET
easat-4377	58	47	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	58	48	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	49	b	b	NOUN
easat-4377	58	50	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	51	mild	mild	ADJ
easat-4377	58	52	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	58	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	54	c	c	NOUN
easat-4377	58	55	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	56	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-4377	58	57	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	58	58	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	59	d	d	NOUN
easat-4377	58	60	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	61	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	58	62	npdr	npdr	NOUN
easat-4377	58	63	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	64	d	d	X
easat-4377	58	65	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	66	proliferative	proliferative	ADJ
easat-4377	58	67	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	58	68	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-4377	58	69	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	58	70	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	58	71	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	58	72	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	58	73	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	58	74	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	58	75	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	59	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	59	2	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	59	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	60	1	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	60	2	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	60	3	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	60	4	categorization	categorization	NOUN
easat-4377	60	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	61	1	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	61	2	grade	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	61	3	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	61	4	observable	observable	ADJ
easat-4377	61	5	clinical	clinical	ADJ
easat-4377	61	6	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-4377	61	7	0	0	PUNCT
easat-4377	62	1	denoting	denote	VERB
easat-4377	62	2	normal	normal	ADJ
easat-4377	62	3	barely	barely	ADV
easat-4377	62	4	observable	observable	ADJ
easat-4377	62	5	arterial	arterial	NOUN
easat-4377	62	6	narrowing	narrow	VERB
easat-4377	62	7	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	62	8	non	non	ADJ
easat-4377	62	9	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	62	10	clinically	clinically	ADV
easat-4377	62	11	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-4377	62	12	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	62	13	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	62	14	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN
easat-4377	62	15	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	62	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	62	17	arterial	arterial	NOUN
easat-4377	62	18	narrowing	narrow	VERB
easat-4377	62	19	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	62	20	clinically	clinically	ADV
easat-4377	62	21	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-4377	62	22	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	62	23	along	along	ADP
easat-4377	62	24	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	62	25	grade	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	62	26	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	62	27	wool	wool	NOUN
easat-4377	62	28	cotton	cotton	NOUN
easat-4377	62	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	62	30	like	like	ADJ
easat-4377	62	31	bulges	bulge	NOUN
easat-4377	62	32	seen	see	VERB
easat-4377	62	33	grade	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	62	34	0	0	NUM
easat-4377	62	35	grade	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	62	36	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	62	37	grade	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	62	38	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	62	39	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-4377	62	40	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	62	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	63	1	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	63	2	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	63	3	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	63	4	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	63	5	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	63	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	64	1	many	many	ADJ
easat-4377	64	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-4377	64	3	affected	affect	VERB
easat-4377	64	4	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	64	5	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	64	6	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-4377	64	7	consulting	consult	VERB
easat-4377	64	8	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	64	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	64	10	care	care	NOUN
easat-4377	64	11	professionals	professional	NOUN
easat-4377	64	12	until	until	SCONJ
easat-4377	64	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	64	14	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	64	15	progresses	progress	VERB
easat-4377	64	16	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	64	17	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	64	18	npdr	npdr	NOUN
easat-4377	64	19	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	64	20	pdr	pdr	PROPN
easat-4377	64	21	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	64	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	65	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-4377	65	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	65	3	classic	classic	ADJ
easat-4377	65	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	65	5	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	65	6	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	65	7	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	65	8	require	require	VERB
easat-4377	65	9	ophthalmologists	ophthalmologist	NOUN
easat-4377	65	10	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	65	11	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-4377	65	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	65	13	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	65	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	65	15	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	65	16	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	65	17	both	both	CCONJ
easat-4377	65	18	laborious	laborious	ADJ
easat-4377	65	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	65	20	costly	costly	ADJ
easat-4377	65	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	66	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-4377	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	66	3	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	66	4	has	have	AUX
easat-4377	66	5	become	become	VERB
easat-4377	66	6	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-4377	66	7	to	to	PART
easat-4377	66	8	introduce	introduce	VERB
easat-4377	66	9	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-4377	66	10	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	66	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	66	12	ml	ml	PROPN
easat-4377	66	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	66	14	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	66	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	66	16	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-4377	66	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	66	18	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-4377	66	19	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	66	20	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	66	21	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	66	22	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	66	23	visually	visually	ADV
easat-4377	66	24	capture	capture	VERB
easat-4377	66	25	the	the	DET
easat-4377	66	26	ophthalmic	ophthalmic	ADJ
easat-4377	66	27	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	66	28	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	66	29	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	66	30	's	's	PART
easat-4377	66	31	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	66	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	67	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	67	2	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	67	3	task	task	NOUN
easat-4377	67	4	usually	usually	ADV
easat-4377	67	5	involves	involve	VERB
easat-4377	67	6	categorizing	categorize	VERB
easat-4377	67	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	67	8	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	67	9	into	into	ADP
easat-4377	67	10	binary	binary	ADJ
easat-4377	67	11	classes	class	NOUN
easat-4377	67	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	67	13	referred	refer	VERB
easat-4377	67	14	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	67	15	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	67	16	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	67	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	67	18	[	[	X
easat-4377	67	19	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	67	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	67	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	68	1	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	68	2	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	68	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	68	4	the	the	DET
easat-4377	68	5	process	process	NOUN
easat-4377	68	6	involves	involve	VERB
easat-4377	68	7	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	68	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	68	9	affected	affected	ADJ
easat-4377	68	10	regions	region	NOUN
easat-4377	68	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	68	12	classifying	classify	VERB
easat-4377	68	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	68	14	types	type	NOUN
easat-4377	68	15	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	68	16	contamination	contamination	NOUN
easat-4377	68	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	68	18	ranging	range	VERB
easat-4377	68	19	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	68	20	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-4377	68	21	to	to	PART
easat-4377	68	22	extreme	extreme	ADJ
easat-4377	68	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	69	1	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-4377	69	2	often	often	ADV
easat-4377	69	3	approach	approach	VERB
easat-4377	69	4	this	this	DET
easat-4377	69	5	task	task	NOUN
easat-4377	69	6	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	69	7	a	a	DET
easat-4377	69	8	multiclass	multiclass	ADJ
easat-4377	69	9	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	69	10	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-4377	69	11	[	[	X
easat-4377	69	12	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	69	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	69	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	70	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	70	2	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-4377	70	3	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-4377	70	4	aims	aim	VERB
easat-4377	70	5	to	to	PART
easat-4377	70	6	compile	compile	VERB
easat-4377	70	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	70	8	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-4377	70	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	70	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	70	11	present	present	VERB
easat-4377	70	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	70	13	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-4377	70	14	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	70	15	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	70	16	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	70	17	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	70	18	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	70	19	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	70	20	cnns	cnn	NOUN
easat-4377	70	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	70	22	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	70	23	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	70	24	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	70	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	70	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	70	27	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
easat-4377	70	28	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	70	29	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	70	30	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	70	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	70	32	projection	projection	NOUN
easat-4377	70	33	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	70	34	to	to	PART
easat-4377	70	35	show	show	VERB
easat-4377	70	36	how	how	SCONJ
easat-4377	70	37	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	70	38	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	70	39	will	will	AUX
easat-4377	70	40	get	get	VERB
easat-4377	70	41	worse	bad	ADJ
easat-4377	70	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	71	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	71	2	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-4377	71	3	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	71	4	to	to	PART
easat-4377	71	5	provide	provide	VERB
easat-4377	71	6	fellow	fellow	ADJ
easat-4377	71	7	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-4377	71	8	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	71	9	up	up	ADP
easat-4377	71	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	71	11	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	71	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	71	13	date	date	NOUN
easat-4377	71	14	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	71	15	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-4377	71	16	to	to	PART
easat-4377	71	17	develop	develop	VERB
easat-4377	71	18	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	71	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	71	20	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	71	21	prognostic	prognostic	ADJ
easat-4377	71	22	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	71	23	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	71	24	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-4377	71	25	the	the	DET
easat-4377	71	26	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	71	27	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	71	28	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	71	29	progression	progression	NOUN
easat-4377	71	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	71	31	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	71	32	associated	associated	ADJ
easat-4377	71	33	complications	complication	NOUN
easat-4377	71	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	72	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-4377	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	72	3	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	72	4	gathers	gather	VERB
easat-4377	72	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	72	6	latest	late	ADJ
easat-4377	72	7	discoveries	discovery	NOUN
easat-4377	72	8	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	72	9	these	these	DET
easat-4377	72	10	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-4377	72	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	72	12	recognizes	recognize	VERB
easat-4377	72	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	72	14	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-4377	72	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	72	16	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-4377	72	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	72	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	72	19	areas	area	NOUN
easat-4377	72	20	lacking	lack	VERB
easat-4377	72	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	72	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	72	23	aids	aid	NOUN
easat-4377	72	24	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	72	25	selecting	select	VERB
easat-4377	72	26	predictors	predictor	NOUN
easat-4377	72	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	72	28	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	72	29	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	72	30	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	72	31	developing	develop	VERB
easat-4377	72	32	groundbreaking	groundbreake	VERB
easat-4377	72	33	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-4377	72	34	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	72	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	73	1	manually	manually	ADV
easat-4377	73	2	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	73	3	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	73	4	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	73	5	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	73	6	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	73	7	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	73	8	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	73	9	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	73	10	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	73	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	73	12	consuming	consume	VERB
easat-4377	73	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	73	14	may	may	AUX
easat-4377	73	15	not	not	PART
easat-4377	73	16	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-4377	73	17	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
easat-4377	73	18	between	between	ADP
easat-4377	73	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	73	20	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	73	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	73	22	proliferative	proliferative	ADJ
easat-4377	73	23	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	73	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	74	1	this	this	PRON
easat-4377	74	2	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	74	3	cause	cause	VERB
easat-4377	74	4	delays	delay	NOUN
easat-4377	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	74	6	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-4377	74	7	1210	1210	NUM
easat-4377	74	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	74	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	74	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	74	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	74	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	74	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	74	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	74	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	74	16	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	74	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	74	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	74	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	75	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	75	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	75	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	75	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	75	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	75	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	75	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	75	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	75	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	75	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	75	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	75	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	75	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	75	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	75	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	75	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	75	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	75	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	75	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	75	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	75	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	75	23	gate	gate	VERB
easat-4377	75	24	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	75	25	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	75	26	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	75	27	the	the	DET
easat-4377	75	28	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-4377	75	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	75	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	75	31	fail	fail	VERB
easat-4377	75	32	to	to	PART
easat-4377	75	33	provide	provide	VERB
easat-4377	75	34	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-4377	75	35	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	75	36	the	the	DET
easat-4377	75	37	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-4377	75	38	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	75	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	75	40	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-4377	75	41	resulting	result	VERB
easat-4377	75	42	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	75	43	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	75	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	75	45	permanent	permanent	ADJ
easat-4377	75	46	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	75	47	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	75	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	76	1	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-4377	76	2	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	76	3	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	76	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	76	5	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-4377	76	6	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	76	7	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	76	8	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-4377	76	9	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	76	10	made	make	VERB
easat-4377	76	11	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	76	12	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-4377	76	13	to	to	PART
easat-4377	76	14	automatically	automatically	ADV
easat-4377	76	15	detect	detect	VERB
easat-4377	76	16	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	76	17	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	76	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	76	19	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	76	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	76	21	along	along	ADP
easat-4377	76	22	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	76	23	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	76	24	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	76	25	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	76	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	76	27	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	76	28	a	a	DET
easat-4377	76	29	range	range	NOUN
easat-4377	76	30	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	76	31	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	76	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	76	33	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	76	34	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	76	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	76	36	providing	provide	VERB
easat-4377	76	37	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-4377	76	38	support	support	NOUN
easat-4377	76	39	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	76	40	the	the	DET
easat-4377	76	41	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	76	42	field	field	NOUN
easat-4377	76	43	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	76	44	addressing	address	VERB
easat-4377	76	45	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-4377	76	46	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	76	47	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	76	48	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	76	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	77	1	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	77	2	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	77	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-4377	77	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	77	5	few	few	ADJ
easat-4377	77	6	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	77	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	77	8	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	77	9	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	77	10	listed	list	VERB
easat-4377	77	11	below	below	ADV
easat-4377	77	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	77	13	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	77	14	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-4377	77	15	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	77	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-4377	77	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	77	18	achievements	achievement	NOUN
easat-4377	77	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	77	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	77	21	the	the	DET
easat-4377	77	22	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-4377	77	23	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	77	24	further	further	ADJ
easat-4377	77	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	77	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	78	1	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	78	2	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	78	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	78	4	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	78	5	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	78	6	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	78	7	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	78	8	to	to	PART
easat-4377	78	9	construct	construct	VERB
easat-4377	78	10	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	78	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	78	12	prognostic	prognostic	ADJ
easat-4377	78	13	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	78	14	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	78	15	unavoidable	unavoidable	ADJ
easat-4377	78	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	79	1	this	this	PRON
easat-4377	79	2	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	79	3	because	because	SCONJ
easat-4377	79	4	they	they	PRON
easat-4377	79	5	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	79	6	adept	adept	ADJ
easat-4377	79	7	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	79	8	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	79	9	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-4377	79	10	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-4377	79	11	within	within	ADP
easat-4377	79	12	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-4377	79	13	patient	patient	ADJ
easat-4377	79	14	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	79	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	79	16	comprehending	comprehend	VERB
easat-4377	79	17	the	the	DET
easat-4377	79	18	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-4377	79	19	connections	connection	NOUN
easat-4377	79	20	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	79	21	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-4377	79	22	'	'	PART
easat-4377	79	23	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	79	24	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-4377	79	25	over	over	ADP
easat-4377	79	26	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	79	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	79	28	gleaned	glean	VERB
easat-4377	79	29	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	79	30	past	past	ADJ
easat-4377	79	31	cases	case	NOUN
easat-4377	79	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	80	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	80	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-4377	80	3	consists	consist	VERB
easat-4377	80	4	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	80	5	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-4377	80	6	sections	section	NOUN
easat-4377	80	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	1	sections	section	NOUN
easat-4377	81	2	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	81	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	4	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	81	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	81	7	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	81	8	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	81	9	titled	title	VERB
easat-4377	81	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	11	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-4377	81	12	review	review	NOUN
easat-4377	81	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	15	“	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	16	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	81	17	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	81	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	19	”	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	81	21	“	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	22	discussions	discussion	NOUN
easat-4377	81	23	”	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	81	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	82	1	section	section	NOUN
easat-4377	82	2	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	82	3	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-4377	82	4	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	82	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	82	6	“	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	82	7	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	82	8	work	work	NOUN
easat-4377	82	9	”	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	82	10	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	82	11	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	82	12	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	82	13	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	82	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	82	15	further	further	ADJ
easat-4377	82	16	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
easat-4377	82	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	82	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	82	19	section	section	NOUN
easat-4377	82	20	6	6	NUM
easat-4377	82	21	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	82	22	entitled	entitle	VERB
easat-4377	82	23	“	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	82	24	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-4377	82	25	”	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	82	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	83	1	2	2	X
easat-4377	83	2	.	.	X
easat-4377	83	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-4377	83	4	review	review	VERB
easat-4377	83	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	83	6	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	83	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	83	8	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	83	9	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	83	10	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	83	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	83	12	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	83	13	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	83	14	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	83	15	made	make	VERB
easat-4377	83	16	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	83	17	finding	find	VERB
easat-4377	83	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	83	19	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	83	20	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	83	21	the	the	DET
easat-4377	83	22	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	83	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	84	1	preprocessing	preprocesse	VERB
easat-4377	84	2	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	84	3	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	84	4	an	an	DET
easat-4377	84	5	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-4377	84	6	step	step	NOUN
easat-4377	84	7	to	to	PART
easat-4377	84	8	minimize	minimize	VERB
easat-4377	84	9	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-4377	84	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	84	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	84	12	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	84	13	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-4377	84	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	85	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	85	2	main	main	ADJ
easat-4377	85	3	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-4377	85	4	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	85	5	this	this	DET
easat-4377	85	6	review	review	NOUN
easat-4377	85	7	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	85	8	to	to	PART
easat-4377	85	9	find	find	VERB
easat-4377	85	10	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-4377	85	11	information	information	NOUN
easat-4377	85	12	about	about	ADP
easat-4377	85	13	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	85	14	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	85	15	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	85	16	unlabelled	unlabelled	ADJ
easat-4377	85	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	85	18	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-4377	85	19	annotated	annotated	ADJ
easat-4377	85	20	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	85	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	85	22	to	to	PART
easat-4377	85	23	compare	compare	VERB
easat-4377	85	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	85	25	look	look	VERB
easat-4377	85	26	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	85	27	the	the	DET
easat-4377	85	28	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	85	29	current	current	ADJ
easat-4377	85	30	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	85	31	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	85	32	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	85	33	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-4377	85	34	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	85	35	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	85	36	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-4377	85	37	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	85	38	taking	take	VERB
easat-4377	85	39	into	into	ADP
easat-4377	85	40	account	account	NOUN
easat-4377	85	41	the	the	DET
easat-4377	85	42	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-4377	85	43	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	85	44	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	85	45	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	85	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	85	47	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	85	48	to	to	PART
easat-4377	85	49	look	look	VERB
easat-4377	85	50	into	into	ADP
easat-4377	85	51	the	the	DET
easat-4377	85	52	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-4377	85	53	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-4377	85	54	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	85	55	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-4377	85	56	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	85	57	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	85	58	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-4377	85	59	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	85	60	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	85	61	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	85	62	will	will	AUX
easat-4377	85	63	need	need	VERB
easat-4377	85	64	to	to	PART
easat-4377	85	65	confront	confront	VERB
easat-4377	85	66	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	85	67	address	address	NOUN
easat-4377	85	68	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	86	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	86	2	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	86	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	86	4	drdme	drdme	NOUN
easat-4377	86	5	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	86	6	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	86	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	87	1	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-4377	87	2	dataset	dataset	PROPN
easat-4377	87	3	method	method	PROPN
easat-4377	87	4	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	87	5	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	87	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	87	7	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	87	8	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	87	9	nazih	nazih	PROPN
easat-4377	87	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	87	11	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	87	12	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	87	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	88	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	88	2	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	88	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	88	4	fgadr	fgadr	NOUN
easat-4377	88	5	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	88	6	transformer	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	88	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	88	8	vit	vit	NOUN
easat-4377	88	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	88	10	ali	ali	PROPN
easat-4377	88	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	88	12	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	88	13	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	88	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	89	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	89	2	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	89	3	]	]	SYM
easat-4377	89	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	89	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	89	6	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	89	7	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	89	8	inceptionv3	inceptionv3	NOUN
easat-4377	89	9	shaik	shaik	NOUN
easat-4377	89	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	89	11	cherukuri	cherukuri	PROPN
easat-4377	90	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	90	2	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	90	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	90	4	kaggle	kaggle	PROPN
easat-4377	90	5	aptos	aptos	PROPN
easat-4377	90	6	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	90	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	90	8	isbi	isbi	NOUN
easat-4377	90	9	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	90	10	hinge	hinge	NOUN
easat-4377	90	11	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	90	12	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	90	13	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-4377	90	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	90	15	gurrala	gurrala	PROPN
easat-4377	91	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	91	2	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	91	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	91	4	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	91	5	hgcn	hgcn	NOUN
easat-4377	91	6	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	91	7	rasca	rasca	PROPN
easat-4377	91	8	ardiyanto	ardiyanto	PROPN
easat-4377	91	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	91	10	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	91	11	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	91	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	92	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	92	2	11	11	NUM
easat-4377	92	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	92	4	aptos	aptos	NOUN
easat-4377	92	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	92	6	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	92	7	cao	cao	PROPN
easat-4377	92	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	92	9	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	92	10	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	92	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	93	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	93	2	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	93	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	93	4	diaretdb1	diaretdb1	X
easat-4377	93	5	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	93	6	aswathi	aswathi	PROPN
easat-4377	93	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	93	8	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	93	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	93	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	94	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	94	2	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	94	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	94	4	aptos	aptos	NOUN
easat-4377	94	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	94	6	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	94	7	jabbar	jabbar	NOUN
easat-4377	94	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	94	9	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	94	10	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	94	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	95	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	95	2	14	14	NUM
easat-4377	95	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	95	4	diaretdb1	diaretdb1	PROPN
easat-4377	95	5	googlenet	googlenet	PROPN
easat-4377	95	6	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	95	7	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	95	8	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	95	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	95	10	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	95	11	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	95	12	yinghua	yinghua	PROPN
easat-4377	95	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	95	14	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	95	15	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	95	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	96	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	96	2	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	96	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	96	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	96	5	resnet50	resnet50	PROPN
easat-4377	96	6	gayathri	gayathri	PROPN
easat-4377	96	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	96	8	subramanian	subramanian	PROPN
easat-4377	96	9	[	[	X
easat-4377	96	10	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	96	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	96	12	kaggle	kaggle	PROPN
easat-4377	96	13	densenet	densenet	PROPN
easat-4377	96	14	tu	tu	PROPN
easat-4377	96	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	96	16	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	96	17	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	96	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	97	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	97	2	16	16	NUM
easat-4377	97	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	97	4	idrid	idrid	ADJ
easat-4377	97	5	vggnet	vggnet	NOUN
easat-4377	97	6	suchetha	suchetha	PROPN
easat-4377	97	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	97	8	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	97	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	97	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	98	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	98	2	17	17	NUM
easat-4377	98	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	98	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	98	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	98	6	dmed	dme	VERB
easat-4377	98	7	gadde	gadde	PROPN
easat-4377	98	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	98	9	kiran	kiran	PROPN
easat-4377	99	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	99	2	18	18	NUM
easat-4377	99	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	99	4	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	99	5	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	99	6	albelaihi	albelaihi	NOUN
easat-4377	99	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	99	8	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
easat-4377	100	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	100	2	19	19	NUM
easat-4377	100	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	100	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	100	5	diaretdb0	diaretdb0	VERB
easat-4377	100	6	diaretdb1	diaretdb1	PROPN
easat-4377	100	7	hei	hei	PROPN
easat-4377	100	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	100	9	med	med	ADJ
easat-4377	100	10	vggnet	vggnet	NOUN
easat-4377	100	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	100	12	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	100	13	chaudhary	chaudhary	PROPN
easat-4377	100	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	100	15	pachori	pachori	NOUN
easat-4377	100	16	[	[	X
easat-4377	100	17	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	100	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	100	19	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	100	20	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	100	21	2dfbse	2dfbse	NOUN
easat-4377	100	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	100	23	fawt	fawt	NOUN
easat-4377	100	24	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	100	25	all	all	DET
easat-4377	100	26	the	the	DET
easat-4377	100	27	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	100	28	the	the	DET
easat-4377	100	29	most	most	ADV
easat-4377	100	30	commonly	commonly	ADV
easat-4377	100	31	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	100	32	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	100	33	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	100	34	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	100	35	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	100	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	101	1	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	101	2	stands	stand	VERB
easat-4377	101	3	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	101	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	101	5	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
easat-4377	101	6	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	101	7	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	101	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	101	9	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	101	10	renowned	renowned	ADJ
easat-4377	101	11	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	101	12	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	101	13	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-4377	101	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	101	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	101	16	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	101	17	often	often	ADV
easat-4377	101	18	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	101	19	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-4377	101	20	other	other	ADJ
easat-4377	101	21	prominent	prominent	ADJ
easat-4377	101	22	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	101	23	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	101	24	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	101	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	101	26	inception	inception	NOUN
easat-4377	101	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	101	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	101	29	googlenet	googlenet	NOUN
easat-4377	101	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	102	1	these	these	DET
easat-4377	102	2	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	102	3	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	102	4	widely	widely	ADV
easat-4377	102	5	favored	favor	VERB
easat-4377	102	6	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	102	7	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	102	8	prowess	prowess	NOUN
easat-4377	102	9	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	102	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	102	11	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	102	12	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-4377	102	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	103	1	1211	1211	NUM
easat-4377	103	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	103	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	103	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	103	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	103	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	103	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	103	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	103	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	103	10	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	103	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	103	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	103	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	104	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	104	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	104	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	104	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	104	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	104	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	104	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	104	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	104	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	104	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	104	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	104	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	104	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	104	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	104	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	104	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	104	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	104	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	104	23	gate	gate	VERB
easat-4377	104	24	a	a	DET
easat-4377	104	25	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	104	26	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	104	27	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	104	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	29	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	104	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	31	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	104	32	a	a	DET
easat-4377	104	33	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-4377	104	34	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	104	35	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	104	36	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	104	37	designed	design	VERB
easat-4377	104	38	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	104	39	processing	process	VERB
easat-4377	104	40	grid	grid	NOUN
easat-4377	104	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	42	structured	structure	VERB
easat-4377	104	43	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	104	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	104	45	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-4377	104	46	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	104	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	105	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	105	2	comprises	comprise	VERB
easat-4377	105	3	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-4377	105	4	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	105	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	105	6	including	include	VERB
easat-4377	105	7	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	105	8	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	105	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	105	10	pooling	pool	VERB
easat-4377	105	11	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	105	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	105	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	105	14	fully	fully	ADV
easat-4377	105	15	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-4377	105	16	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	105	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	106	1	cnns	cnns	PROPN
easat-4377	106	2	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	106	3	revolutionized	revolutionize	VERB
easat-4377	106	4	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-4377	106	5	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	106	6	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	106	7	categorization	categorization	NOUN
easat-4377	106	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	106	9	object	object	NOUN
easat-4377	106	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	106	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	106	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	106	13	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	106	14	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	106	15	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	106	16	independently	independently	ADV
easat-4377	106	17	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	106	18	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
easat-4377	106	19	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	106	20	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	106	21	raw	raw	ADJ
easat-4377	106	22	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	106	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	107	1	some	some	DET
easat-4377	107	2	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-4377	107	3	types	type	NOUN
easat-4377	107	4	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	107	5	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	107	6	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	107	7	include	include	VERB
easat-4377	107	8	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	107	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	107	10	googlenet	googlenet	NOUN
easat-4377	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	107	12	lenet	lenet	NOUN
easat-4377	107	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	107	14	alexnet	alexnet	ADJ
easat-4377	107	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	107	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	107	17	vgg	vgg	PROPN
easat-4377	107	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	108	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-4377	108	2	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	108	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	108	4	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	108	5	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	108	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	109	1	resnet	resnet	PROPN
easat-4377	109	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	109	3	residual	residual	ADJ
easat-4377	109	4	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	109	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	109	6	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	109	7	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-4377	109	8	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	109	9	the	the	DET
easat-4377	109	10	incorporation	incorporation	NOUN
easat-4377	109	11	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	109	12	skip	skip	ADJ
easat-4377	109	13	connections	connection	NOUN
easat-4377	109	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	109	15	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-4377	109	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	109	17	bypassing	bypassing	NOUN
easat-4377	109	18	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	109	19	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	109	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-4377	109	21	more	more	ADJ
easat-4377	109	22	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	109	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	110	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	110	2	skip	skip	ADJ
easat-4377	110	3	connections	connection	NOUN
easat-4377	110	4	function	function	VERB
easat-4377	110	5	to	to	PART
easat-4377	110	6	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
easat-4377	110	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	110	8	vanishing	vanish	VERB
easat-4377	110	9	gradient	gradient	NOUN
easat-4377	110	10	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-4377	110	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	110	12	aid	aid	NOUN
easat-4377	110	13	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	110	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	110	15	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	110	16	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	110	17	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	110	18	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	110	19	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	110	20	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	110	21	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV
easat-4377	110	22	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	110	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	111	1	resnet	resnet	ADJ
easat-4377	111	2	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	111	3	typically	typically	ADV
easat-4377	111	4	comprise	comprise	VERB
easat-4377	111	5	a	a	DET
easat-4377	111	6	sequence	sequence	NOUN
easat-4377	111	7	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	111	8	residual	residual	ADJ
easat-4377	111	9	blocks	block	NOUN
easat-4377	111	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	111	11	each	each	PRON
easat-4377	111	12	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-4377	111	13	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	111	14	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	111	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	111	16	capturing	capture	VERB
easat-4377	111	17	mappings	mapping	NOUN
easat-4377	111	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	112	1	googlenet	googlenet	NOUN
easat-4377	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	112	3	also	also	ADV
easat-4377	112	4	known	know	VERB
easat-4377	112	5	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	112	6	inceptionnet	inceptionnet	NOUN
easat-4377	112	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	112	8	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	112	9	designed	design	VERB
easat-4377	112	10	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	112	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	112	12	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-4377	112	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	112	14	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-4377	112	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	112	16	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-4377	112	17	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	112	18	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	112	19	fidelity	fidelity	NOUN
easat-4377	112	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	112	21	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-4377	112	22	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-4377	112	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	113	1	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	113	2	key	key	ADJ
easat-4377	113	3	component	component	NOUN
easat-4377	113	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	113	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	113	6	inception	inception	NOUN
easat-4377	113	7	module	module	NOUN
easat-4377	113	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	113	9	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	113	10	the	the	DET
easat-4377	113	11	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	113	12	learns	learn	VERB
easat-4377	113	13	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	113	14	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	113	15	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-4377	113	16	scales	scale	NOUN
easat-4377	113	17	concurrently	concurrently	ADV
easat-4377	113	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	113	19	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	113	20	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	113	21	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	113	22	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	113	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	114	1	googlenet	googlenet	NOUN
easat-4377	114	2	employs	employ	VERB
easat-4377	114	3	global	global	ADJ
easat-4377	114	4	average	average	ADJ
easat-4377	114	5	pooling	pooling	NOUN
easat-4377	114	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	114	7	factorized	factorize	VERB
easat-4377	114	8	convolutions	convolution	NOUN
easat-4377	114	9	to	to	PART
easat-4377	114	10	optimize	optimize	VERB
easat-4377	114	11	both	both	DET
easat-4377	114	12	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	114	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	114	14	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-4377	114	15	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-4377	114	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	115	1	lenet	lenet	NOUN
easat-4377	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	115	3	pioneering	pioneer	VERB
easat-4377	115	4	cnn	cnn	NOUN
easat-4377	115	5	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	115	6	designed	design	VERB
easat-4377	115	7	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	115	8	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ
easat-4377	115	9	digit	digit	NOUN
easat-4377	115	10	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-4377	115	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	116	1	trained	train	VERB
easat-4377	116	2	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	116	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	116	4	mnist	mnist	NOUN
easat-4377	116	5	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	116	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	116	7	lenet	lenet	PROPN
easat-4377	116	8	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	116	9	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	116	10	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-4377	116	11	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	116	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	116	13	laid	lay	VERB
easat-4377	116	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	116	15	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
easat-4377	116	16	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	116	17	many	many	ADJ
easat-4377	116	18	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
easat-4377	116	19	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	116	20	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	116	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	117	1	alexnet	alexnet	ADJ
easat-4377	117	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	117	3	self	self	NOUN
easat-4377	117	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	117	5	possessed	possess	VERB
easat-4377	117	6	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	117	7	five	five	NUM
easat-4377	117	8	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	117	9	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	117	11	three	three	NUM
easat-4377	117	12	pooling	pool	VERB
easat-4377	117	13	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	117	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	117	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	117	16	fully	fully	ADV
easat-4377	117	17	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-4377	117	18	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	117	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	117	20	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-4377	117	21	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-4377	117	22	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	117	23	compared	compare	VERB
easat-4377	117	24	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	117	25	conventional	conventional	ADJ
easat-4377	117	26	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	117	27	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	117	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	118	1	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	118	2	success	success	NOUN
easat-4377	118	3	laid	lay	VERB
easat-4377	118	4	the	the	DET
easat-4377	118	5	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-4377	118	6	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	118	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	118	8	develop	develop	VERB
easat-4377	118	9	ent	ent	NOUN
easat-4377	118	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	118	11	deeper	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	118	12	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	118	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	119	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-4377	119	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	119	3	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	119	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	119	5	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	119	6	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	119	7	methodologies	methodologie	VERB
easat-4377	119	8	shaik	shaik	NOUN
easat-4377	119	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	119	10	cherukuri	cherukuri	PROPN
easat-4377	120	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	120	2	2	2	X
easat-4377	120	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	4	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	120	5	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	120	6	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	120	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	120	8	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-4377	120	9	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	120	10	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	120	11	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	120	12	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	120	13	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	120	14	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	120	15	called	call	VERB
easat-4377	120	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	120	17	hinge	hinge	NOUN
easat-4377	120	18	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	120	19	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	120	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	21	han	han	PROPN
easat-4377	120	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	23	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	120	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	25	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-4377	120	26	spatial	spatial	ADJ
easat-4377	120	27	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	120	28	autoencoder	autoencoder	NOUN
easat-4377	120	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	30	channel	channel	NOUN
easat-4377	120	31	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	120	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	33	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	120	34	hinge	hinge	NOUN
easat-4377	120	35	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	120	36	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	120	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	120	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	120	39	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	120	40	lstm	lstm	ADJ
easat-4377	120	41	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	120	42	to	to	PART
easat-4377	120	43	grade	grade	VERB
easat-4377	120	44	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	120	45	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	120	46	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	120	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	121	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	121	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-4377	121	3	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	121	4	the	the	DET
easat-4377	121	5	hinge	hinge	NOUN
easat-4377	121	6	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	121	7	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	121	8	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	121	9	ha	ha	ADJ
easat-4377	121	10	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	121	11	net	net	ADJ
easat-4377	121	12	integrates	integrate	NOUN
easat-4377	121	13	both	both	CCONJ
easat-4377	121	14	spatial	spatial	ADJ
easat-4377	121	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	121	16	channel	channel	NOUN
easat-4377	121	17	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	121	18	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	121	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	121	20	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	121	21	boosting	boost	VERB
easat-4377	121	22	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	121	23	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	121	24	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-4377	121	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	121	26	improving	improve	VERB
easat-4377	121	27	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	121	28	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	121	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	122	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	122	2	has	have	AUX
easat-4377	122	3	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-4377	122	4	impressive	impressive	ADJ
easat-4377	122	5	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	122	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	122	7	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	122	8	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	122	9	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-4377	122	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	122	11	85.54	85.54	NUM
easat-4377	122	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	122	13	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	122	14	kaggle	kaggle	ADJ
easat-4377	122	15	aptos	apto	NOUN
easat-4377	122	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	122	17	66.41	66.41	NUM
easat-4377	122	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	122	19	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	122	20	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	122	21	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	122	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	122	23	surpassing	surpass	VERB
easat-4377	122	24	several	several	ADJ
easat-4377	122	25	existing	exist	VERB
easat-4377	122	26	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	122	27	[	[	X
easat-4377	122	28	21	21	NUM
easat-4377	122	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	122	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	123	1	ha	ha	INTJ
easat-4377	123	2	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	123	3	net	net	ADJ
easat-4377	123	4	employs	employ	VERB
easat-4377	123	5	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-4377	123	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	123	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	123	8	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	123	9	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	123	10	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	123	11	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	123	12	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	123	13	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	123	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	123	15	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	123	16	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	123	17	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	123	18	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	123	19	prowess	prowess	NOUN
easat-4377	123	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	123	21	boosting	boost	VERB
easat-4377	123	22	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-4377	123	23	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	123	24	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	123	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	124	1	atteia	atteia	PROPN
easat-4377	124	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	124	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	124	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	124	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	125	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	125	2	22	22	NUM
easat-4377	125	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	125	4	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	125	5	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	125	6	a	a	DET
easat-4377	125	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	125	8	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	125	9	retrieves	retrieve	VERB
easat-4377	125	10	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	125	11	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	125	12	two	two	NUM
easat-4377	125	13	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	125	14	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	125	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	125	16	resnet50	resnet50	NOUN
easat-4377	125	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	125	18	inceptionv3	inceptionv3	NOUN
easat-4377	125	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	126	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	126	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	126	3	follows	follow	VERB
easat-4377	126	4	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	126	5	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	126	6	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	126	7	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	126	8	resnet50	resnet50	NOUN
easat-4377	126	9	–	–	PUNCT
easat-4377	126	10	resnet50	resnet50	NOUN
easat-4377	126	11	incorporates	incorporate	VERB
easat-4377	126	12	a	a	DET
easat-4377	126	13	range	range	NOUN
easat-4377	126	14	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	126	15	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	126	16	filter	filter	NOUN
easat-4377	126	17	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-4377	126	18	to	to	PART
easat-4377	126	19	expedite	expedite	VERB
easat-4377	126	20	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	126	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	126	22	counteract	counteract	VERB
easat-4377	126	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	126	24	degradation	degradation	NOUN
easat-4377	126	25	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	126	26	stemming	stem	VERB
easat-4377	126	27	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	126	28	deeper	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	126	29	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	126	30	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	126	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	127	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	127	2	inception	inception	PROPN
easat-4377	127	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	127	4	v3	v3	NOUN
easat-4377	127	5	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	127	6	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	127	7	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-4377	127	8	tailored	tailor	VERB
easat-4377	127	9	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	127	10	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-4377	127	11	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	127	12	to	to	PART
easat-4377	127	13	train	train	VERB
easat-4377	127	14	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	127	15	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	127	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	128	1	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-4377	128	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	128	3	22	22	NUM
easat-4377	128	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	128	5	resnet50	resnet50	NOUN
easat-4377	128	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	128	7	inceptionv3	inceptionv3	NOUN
easat-4377	128	8	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	128	9	amplifies	amplify	VERB
easat-4377	128	10	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	128	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	128	12	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	128	13	when	when	SCONJ
easat-4377	128	14	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	128	15	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	128	16	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	128	17	[	[	X
easat-4377	128	18	23	23	NUM
easat-4377	128	19	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	128	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	129	1	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	129	2	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	129	3	benefit	benefit	VERB
easat-4377	129	4	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-4377	129	5	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	129	6	data	data	PROPN
easat-4377	129	7	1212	1212	NUM
easat-4377	129	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	129	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	129	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	129	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	129	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	129	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	129	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	129	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	129	16	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	129	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	129	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	129	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	130	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	130	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	130	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	130	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	130	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	130	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	130	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	130	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	130	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	130	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	130	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	130	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	130	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	130	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	130	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	130	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	130	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	130	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	130	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	130	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	130	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	130	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	130	24	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	130	25	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	130	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	130	27	leading	lead	VERB
easat-4377	130	28	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	130	29	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-4377	130	30	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
easat-4377	130	31	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	130	32	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	130	33	[	[	X
easat-4377	130	34	24	24	NUM
easat-4377	130	35	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	130	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	131	1	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	131	2	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	131	3	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	131	4	early	early	ADV
easat-4377	131	5	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	131	6	these	these	DET
easat-4377	131	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	131	8	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	131	9	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
easat-4377	131	10	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-4377	131	11	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	131	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	131	13	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-4377	131	14	prompt	prompt	ADJ
easat-4377	131	15	treatment	treatment	NOUN
easat-4377	131	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	131	17	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-4377	131	18	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	131	19	clinical	clinical	ADJ
easat-4377	131	20	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-4377	131	21	decenciere	decenciere	ADV
easat-4377	131	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	131	23	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	131	24	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	131	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	132	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	132	2	25	25	NUM
easat-4377	132	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	132	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	132	5	saeedi	saeedi	VERB
easat-4377	132	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	132	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	132	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	132	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	133	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	133	2	26	26	NUM
easat-4377	133	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	133	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	134	1	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-4377	134	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	134	3	gurrala	gurrala	PROPN
easat-4377	135	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	135	2	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	135	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	135	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	135	5	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-4377	135	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	135	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	135	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	135	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	136	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	136	2	27	27	NUM
easat-4377	136	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	136	4	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-4377	136	5	a	a	DET
easat-4377	136	6	customized	customized	ADJ
easat-4377	136	7	deer	deer	NOUN
easat-4377	136	8	hunting	hunt	VERB
easat-4377	136	9	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-4377	136	10	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	136	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	136	12	mdhoa	mdhoa	NOUN
easat-4377	136	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	136	14	to	to	PART
easat-4377	136	15	select	select	VERB
easat-4377	136	16	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
easat-4377	136	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	136	18	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	136	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	1	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	137	2	combining	combine	VERB
easat-4377	137	3	a	a	DET
easat-4377	137	4	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	137	5	graph	graph	NOUN
easat-4377	137	6	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	137	7	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	137	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	9	hgcn	hgcn	PROPN
easat-4377	137	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	11	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	137	12	relation	relation	NOUN
easat-4377	137	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	14	aware	aware	ADJ
easat-4377	137	15	channel	channel	NOUN
easat-4377	137	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	17	spatial	spatial	ADJ
easat-4377	137	18	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	137	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	20	racsa	racsa	VERB
easat-4377	137	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	137	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	137	24	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-4377	137	25	ohgcnet	ohgcnet	NOUN
easat-4377	137	26	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	137	27	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	137	28	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	137	29	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	137	30	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	137	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	138	1	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	138	2	amalgamating	amalgamate	VERB
easat-4377	138	3	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	138	4	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	138	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	138	6	dilated	dilated	ADJ
easat-4377	138	7	convolution	convolution	NOUN
easat-4377	138	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	138	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	138	10	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-4377	138	11	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	138	12	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-4377	138	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	138	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	138	15	ohgc	ohgc	VERB
easat-4377	138	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	138	17	net	net	ADJ
easat-4377	138	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	138	19	achieves	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	138	20	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-4377	138	21	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	138	22	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	138	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	139	1	nazih	nazih	PROPN
easat-4377	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	139	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	139	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	139	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	140	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	140	2	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	140	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	140	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	140	5	patil	patil	PROPN
easat-4377	140	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	140	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	140	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	140	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	141	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	141	2	28	28	NUM
easat-4377	141	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	141	4	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	141	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	141	6	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	141	7	transformer	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	141	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	141	9	vit	vit	NOUN
easat-4377	141	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	141	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	141	12	to	to	PART
easat-4377	141	13	predict	predict	VERB
easat-4377	141	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	141	15	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	141	16	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	141	17	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	141	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	142	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	142	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	142	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	142	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	142	5	transformer	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	142	6	encoder	encoder	NOUN
easat-4377	142	7	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	142	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	142	9	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	142	10	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-4377	142	11	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-4377	142	12	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	142	13	head	head	ADJ
easat-4377	142	14	selfattention	selfattention	NOUN
easat-4377	142	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	142	16	msa	msa	PROPN
easat-4377	142	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	142	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	142	19	mlp	mlp	PROPN
easat-4377	142	20	modules	module	NOUN
easat-4377	142	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	142	22	to	to	PART
easat-4377	142	23	handle	handle	VERB
easat-4377	142	24	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	142	25	patches	patch	NOUN
easat-4377	142	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	143	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	143	2	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-4377	143	3	vit	vit	NOUN
easat-4377	143	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	143	5	adeptly	adeptly	ADV
easat-4377	143	6	captures	capture	VERB
easat-4377	143	7	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-4377	143	8	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	143	9	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	143	10	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	143	11	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	143	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	144	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	144	2	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-4377	144	3	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	144	4	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	144	5	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	144	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	144	7	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-4377	144	8	providing	provide	VERB
easat-4377	144	9	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-4377	144	10	assistance	assistance	NOUN
easat-4377	144	11	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	144	12	physicians	physician	NOUN
easat-4377	144	13	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	144	14	making	make	VERB
easat-4377	144	15	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-4377	144	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	144	17	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-4377	144	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	144	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	144	20	prompt	prompt	ADJ
easat-4377	144	21	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-4377	144	22	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	144	23	real	real	ADJ
easat-4377	144	24	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	144	25	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-4377	144	26	farag	farag	NOUN
easat-4377	144	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	144	28	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	144	29	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	144	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	145	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	145	2	29	29	NUM
easat-4377	145	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	145	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	146	1	cao	cao	PROPN
easat-4377	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	146	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	146	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	146	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	147	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	147	2	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	147	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	147	4	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	147	5	a	a	DET
easat-4377	147	6	system	system	NOUN
easat-4377	147	7	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	147	8	utilizes	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	147	9	a	a	DET
easat-4377	147	10	compact	compact	ADJ
easat-4377	147	11	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	147	12	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	147	13	called	call	VERB
easat-4377	147	14	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	147	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	147	16	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	147	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	147	18	net	net	NOUN
easat-4377	147	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	147	20	designed	design	VERB
easat-4377	147	21	to	to	PART
easat-4377	147	22	fit	fit	VERB
easat-4377	147	23	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	147	24	an	an	DET
easat-4377	147	25	embedded	embed	VERB
easat-4377	147	26	development	development	NOUN
easat-4377	147	27	board	board	NOUN
easat-4377	147	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	148	1	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	148	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	148	3	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	148	4	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	148	5	net	net	NOUN
easat-4377	148	6	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	148	7	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	148	8	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	148	9	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	148	10	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	148	11	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	148	12	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	148	13	algorithms	algorithms	PROPN
easat-4377	148	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	148	15	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-4377	148	16	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-4377	148	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-4377	148	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	149	1	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-4377	149	2	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-4377	149	3	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	149	4	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	149	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	149	6	compact	compact	ADJ
easat-4377	149	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	149	8	size	size	NOUN
easat-4377	149	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	149	10	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	149	11	enriches	enrich	VERB
easat-4377	149	12	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	149	13	differentiation	differentiation	NOUN
easat-4377	149	14	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	149	15	remaining	remain	VERB
easat-4377	149	16	suitable	suitable	ADJ
easat-4377	149	17	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	149	18	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-4377	149	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	149	20	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-4377	149	21	devices	device	NOUN
easat-4377	149	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	150	1	aswathi	aswathi	PROPN
easat-4377	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	150	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	150	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	150	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	151	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	151	2	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	151	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	151	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	151	5	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	151	6	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	151	7	such	such	ADJ
easat-4377	151	8	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	151	9	rf	rf	NOUN
easat-4377	151	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	151	11	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	151	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	151	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	151	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	151	15	svm	svm	VERB
easat-4377	151	16	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	151	17	microaneurysm	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	151	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	151	19	ma	ma	PROPN
easat-4377	151	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	151	21	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	151	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	152	1	pca	pca	PROPN
easat-4377	152	2	was	be	AUX
easat-4377	152	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	152	4	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	152	5	a	a	DET
easat-4377	152	6	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	152	7	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	152	8	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-4377	152	9	input	input	NOUN
easat-4377	152	10	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-4377	152	11	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	152	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	152	13	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	152	14	process	process	NOUN
easat-4377	152	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	153	1	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	153	2	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-4377	153	3	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-4377	153	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	153	5	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	153	6	pca	pca	PROPN
easat-4377	153	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	153	8	rf	rf	NOUN
easat-4377	153	9	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	153	10	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-4377	153	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	153	12	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	153	13	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	153	14	mitigates	mitigate	VERB
easat-4377	153	15	the	the	DET
easat-4377	153	16	curse	curse	NOUN
easat-4377	153	17	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	153	18	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-4377	153	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	153	20	leading	lead	VERB
easat-4377	153	21	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	153	22	more	more	ADV
easat-4377	153	23	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-4377	153	24	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-4377	153	25	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	153	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	153	27	heightened	heightened	ADJ
easat-4377	153	28	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	153	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	154	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-4377	154	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	154	3	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	154	4	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-4377	154	5	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-4377	154	6	across	across	ADP
easat-4377	154	7	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-4377	154	8	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	154	9	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-4377	154	10	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	154	11	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-4377	154	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	154	13	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-4377	154	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	154	15	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	154	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	154	17	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-4377	154	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	154	19	against	against	ADP
easat-4377	154	20	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-4377	154	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	154	22	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	154	23	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	154	24	offers	offer	VERB
easat-4377	154	25	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-4377	154	26	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-4377	154	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	154	28	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-4377	154	29	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-4377	154	30	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	154	31	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-4377	154	32	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	154	33	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-4377	154	34	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	154	35	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-4377	154	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	155	1	jabbar	jabbar	PROPN
easat-4377	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	155	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	155	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	155	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	156	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	156	2	14	14	NUM
easat-4377	156	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	156	4	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	156	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	156	6	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	156	7	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	156	8	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	156	9	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	156	10	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	156	11	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	156	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	157	1	a	a	DET
easat-4377	157	2	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-4377	157	3	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	157	4	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	157	5	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	157	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	157	7	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	157	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	157	9	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-4377	157	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	157	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	157	12	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	157	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	157	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	157	15	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-4377	157	16	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	157	17	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	157	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	158	1	pre	pre	VERB
easat-4377	158	2	-	-	VERB
easat-4377	158	3	trained	train	VERB
easat-4377	158	4	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	158	5	imagenet	imagenet	NOUN
easat-4377	158	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	158	7	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	158	8	's	's	PART
easat-4377	158	9	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	158	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	158	11	including	include	VERB
easat-4377	158	12	residual	residual	ADJ
easat-4377	158	13	blocks	block	NOUN
easat-4377	158	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	158	15	skip	skip	ADJ
easat-4377	158	16	connections	connection	NOUN
easat-4377	158	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	158	18	optimizes	optimize	VERB
easat-4377	158	19	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-4377	158	20	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-4377	158	21	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	158	22	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-4377	158	23	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	158	24	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	158	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	158	26	showcasing	showcase	VERB
easat-4377	158	27	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	158	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-4377	158	29	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	158	30	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	158	31	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	158	32	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	158	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	158	34	outperforming	outperform	VERB
easat-4377	158	35	existing	exist	VERB
easat-4377	158	36	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	158	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	159	1	yinghua	yinghua	PROPN
easat-4377	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	159	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	159	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	159	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	160	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	160	2	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	160	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	160	4	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-4377	160	5	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	160	6	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	160	7	a	a	DET
easat-4377	160	8	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	160	9	dl	dl	NOUN
easat-4377	160	10	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	160	11	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	160	12	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	160	13	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	160	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	161	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	161	2	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	161	3	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	161	4	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	161	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	161	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	161	7	includes	include	VERB
easat-4377	161	8	googlenet	googlenet	NOUN
easat-4377	161	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	161	10	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	161	11	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	161	12	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	161	13	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	161	14	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	161	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	161	16	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-4377	161	17	particle	particle	NOUN
easat-4377	161	18	swarm	swarm	NOUN
easat-4377	161	19	optimizer	optimizer	NOUN
easat-4377	161	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	161	21	apso	apso	NOUN
easat-4377	161	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	161	23	was	be	AUX
easat-4377	161	24	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	161	25	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	161	26	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-4377	161	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	161	28	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-4377	161	29	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	161	30	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	161	31	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	161	32	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	161	33	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-4377	161	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	162	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	162	2	achieves	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	162	3	a	a	DET
easat-4377	162	4	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-4377	162	5	94	94	NUM
easat-4377	162	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	162	7	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	162	8	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	162	9	benchmark	benchmark	ADJ
easat-4377	162	10	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	162	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	162	12	surpassing	surpass	VERB
easat-4377	162	13	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-4377	162	14	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	162	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	162	16	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	162	17	also	also	ADV
easat-4377	162	18	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	162	19	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	162	20	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	162	21	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-4377	162	22	across	across	ADP
easat-4377	162	23	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	162	24	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	162	25	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	162	26	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	162	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	163	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	163	2	endeavors	endeavor	NOUN
easat-4377	163	3	include	include	VERB
easat-4377	163	4	further	further	ADJ
easat-4377	163	5	development	development	NOUN
easat-4377	163	6	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	163	7	ml	ml	NOUN
easat-4377	163	8	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	163	9	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	163	10	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	163	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	163	12	refining	refining	NOUN
easat-4377	163	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	163	14	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	163	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	163	16	preprocessing	preprocessing	NOUN
easat-4377	163	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-4377	163	18	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	163	19	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-4377	163	20	system	system	NOUN
easat-4377	163	21	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-4377	163	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	163	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	163	24	addressing	address	VERB
easat-4377	163	25	biases	bias	NOUN
easat-4377	163	26	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	163	27	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	163	28	to	to	PART
easat-4377	163	29	bolster	bolster	VERB
easat-4377	163	30	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	163	31	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-4377	163	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	163	33	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-4377	163	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	164	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	164	2	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-4377	164	3	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	164	4	[	[	X
easat-4377	164	5	7	7	X
easat-4377	164	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	164	7	features	feature	VERB
easat-4377	164	8	a	a	DET
easat-4377	164	9	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
easat-4377	164	10	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-4377	164	11	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	164	12	task	task	ADJ
easat-4377	164	13	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	164	14	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	164	15	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	164	16	a	a	DET
easat-4377	164	17	squeezeand	squeezeand	NOUN
easat-4377	164	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	164	19	excitation	excitation	NOUN
easat-4377	164	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	164	21	se	se	ADJ
easat-4377	164	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	164	23	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	164	24	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	164	25	the	the	DET
easat-4377	164	26	backbone	backbone	NOUN
easat-4377	164	27	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	164	28	extracting	extract	VERB
easat-4377	164	29	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	164	30	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	164	31	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	164	32	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-4377	164	33	scales	scale	NOUN
easat-4377	164	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	165	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	165	2	includes	include	VERB
easat-4377	165	3	two	two	NUM
easat-4377	165	4	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-4377	165	5	forward	forward	ADJ
easat-4377	165	6	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	165	7	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	165	8	heads	head	NOUN
easat-4377	165	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	165	10	one	one	NUM
easat-4377	165	11	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
easat-4377	165	12	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	165	13	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	165	14	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	165	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	165	16	related	relate	VERB
easat-4377	165	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	165	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	165	19	another	another	PRON
easat-4377	165	20	focused	focus	VERB
easat-4377	165	21	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	165	22	diagnosing	diagnose	VERB
easat-4377	165	23	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	165	24	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	165	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	166	1	a	a	DET
easat-4377	166	2	squeeze	squeeze	NOUN
easat-4377	166	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	166	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	166	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	166	6	excitation	excitation	NOUN
easat-4377	166	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	166	8	se	se	ADJ
easat-4377	166	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	166	10	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	166	11	backbone	backbone	NOUN
easat-4377	166	12	extracts	extract	VERB
easat-4377	166	13	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-4377	166	14	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	166	15	scale	scale	ADJ
easat-4377	166	16	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	166	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	166	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	166	19	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	166	20	skip	skip	ADJ
easat-4377	166	21	connections	connection	NOUN
easat-4377	166	22	transfer	transfer	VERB
easat-4377	166	23	these	these	DET
easat-4377	166	24	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	166	25	within	within	ADP
easat-4377	166	26	the	the	DET
easat-4377	166	27	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	166	28	to	to	PART
easat-4377	166	29	improve	improve	VERB
easat-4377	166	30	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	166	31	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	166	32	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	166	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	167	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	167	2	balanced	balanced	ADJ
easat-4377	167	3	binomial	binomial	ADJ
easat-4377	167	4	logistic	logistic	ADJ
easat-4377	167	5	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	167	6	function	function	NOUN
easat-4377	167	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	167	8	manages	manage	VERB
easat-4377	167	9	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	167	10	imbalance	imbalance	NOUN
easat-4377	167	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	167	12	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-4377	167	13	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-4377	167	14	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	167	15	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	167	16	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-4377	167	17	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	167	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	167	19	related	relate	VERB
easat-4377	167	20	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	167	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	168	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	168	2	process	process	NOUN
easat-4377	168	3	might	might	AUX
easat-4377	168	4	need	need	VERB
easat-4377	168	5	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-4377	168	6	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-4377	168	7	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-4377	168	8	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	168	9	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	168	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	168	11	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-4377	168	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	168	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	168	14	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	168	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-4377	168	16	depends	depend	VERB
easat-4377	168	17	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	168	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	168	19	volume	volume	NOUN
easat-4377	168	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	168	21	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-4377	168	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	168	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	168	24	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	168	25	available	available	ADJ
easat-4377	168	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	169	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	169	2	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	169	3	's	's	PART
easat-4377	169	4	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-4377	169	5	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	169	6	vary	vary	VERB
easat-4377	169	7	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	169	8	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	169	9	the	the	DET
easat-4377	169	10	diversity	diversity	NOUN
easat-4377	169	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	169	12	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-4377	169	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	169	14	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	169	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	169	16	related	relate	VERB
easat-4377	169	17	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	169	18	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	169	19	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	169	20	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	169	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	170	1	1213	1213	NUM
easat-4377	170	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	170	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	170	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	170	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	170	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	170	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	170	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	170	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	170	10	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	170	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	170	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	170	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	171	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	171	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	171	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	171	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	171	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	171	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	171	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	171	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	171	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	171	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	171	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	171	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	171	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	171	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	171	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	171	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	171	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	171	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	171	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	171	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	171	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	171	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	171	24	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-4377	171	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	172	1	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	172	2	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	172	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	172	4	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	172	5	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-4377	172	6	yinghua	yinghua	PROPN
easat-4377	172	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	172	8	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	172	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	172	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	173	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	173	2	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	173	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	173	4	propose	propose	VERB
easat-4377	173	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	173	6	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-4377	173	7	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	173	8	resnet50	resnet50	NOUN
easat-4377	173	9	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	173	10	channel	channel	NOUN
easat-4377	173	11	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	173	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	173	13	senet	senet	NOUN
easat-4377	173	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	173	15	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	173	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	173	17	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-4377	173	18	end	end	NOUN
easat-4377	173	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	173	20	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	173	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	173	22	end	end	NOUN
easat-4377	173	23	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	173	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-4377	173	25	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	173	26	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	173	27	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	173	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	173	29	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-4377	173	30	improving	improve	VERB
easat-4377	173	31	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	173	32	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	173	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	173	34	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-4377	173	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	174	1	however	however	ADV
easat-4377	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	174	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	174	4	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-4377	174	5	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	174	6	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	174	7	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	174	8	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	174	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	174	10	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	174	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	174	12	presents	present	VERB
easat-4377	174	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	174	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	174	15	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	174	16	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	174	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	174	18	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-4377	174	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	174	20	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-4377	174	21	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	174	22	automated	automate	VERB
easat-4377	174	23	systems	system	NOUN
easat-4377	174	24	to	to	PART
easat-4377	174	25	support	support	VERB
easat-4377	174	26	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
easat-4377	174	27	professionals	professional	NOUN
easat-4377	174	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	175	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	175	2	end	end	NOUN
easat-4377	175	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	175	4	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	175	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	175	6	end	end	NOUN
easat-4377	175	7	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	175	8	combining	combine	VERB
easat-4377	175	9	resnet50	resnet50	NOUN
easat-4377	175	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	175	11	senet	senet	NOUN
easat-4377	175	12	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	175	13	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	175	14	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	175	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	175	16	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-4377	175	17	improving	improve	VERB
easat-4377	175	18	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	175	19	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	175	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	175	21	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-4377	175	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	175	23	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	175	24	resulted	result	VERB
easat-4377	175	25	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	175	26	acquiring	acquire	VERB
easat-4377	175	27	an	an	DET
easat-4377	175	28	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	175	29	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	175	30	97.06	97.06	NUM
easat-4377	175	31	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	175	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	175	33	specificity	specificity	NOUN
easat-4377	175	34	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	175	35	98.97	98.97	NUM
easat-4377	175	36	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	175	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	176	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	176	2	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	176	3	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	176	4	boost	boost	VERB
easat-4377	176	5	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	176	6	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	176	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	176	8	address	address	NOUN
easat-4377	176	9	class	class	NOUN
easat-4377	176	10	imbalance	imbalance	NOUN
easat-4377	176	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	176	12	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	176	13	ablation	ablation	NOUN
easat-4377	176	14	experiments	experiment	NOUN
easat-4377	176	15	validating	validate	VERB
easat-4377	176	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	176	17	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-4377	176	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	176	19	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-4377	176	20	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	176	21	each	each	DET
easat-4377	176	22	module	module	NOUN
easat-4377	176	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	177	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	177	2	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-4377	177	3	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	177	4	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	177	5	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	177	6	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	177	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	177	8	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	177	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	177	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	177	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	177	12	dependency	dependency	NOUN
easat-4377	177	13	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	177	14	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	177	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	177	16	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-4377	177	17	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	177	18	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	177	19	affect	affect	VERB
easat-4377	177	20	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	177	21	system	system	NOUN
easat-4377	177	22	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	177	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	177	24	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-4377	177	25	the	the	DET
easat-4377	177	26	need	need	NOUN
easat-4377	177	27	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	177	28	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-4377	177	29	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	177	30	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-4377	177	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	177	32	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-4377	177	33	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	177	34	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	177	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	178	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-4377	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	178	3	manual	manual	ADJ
easat-4377	178	4	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	178	5	's	's	PART
easat-4377	178	6	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	178	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	178	8	consuming	consume	VERB
easat-4377	178	9	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-4377	178	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	178	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	178	12	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN
easat-4377	178	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	178	14	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	178	15	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	178	16	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	178	17	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-4377	178	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	178	19	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-4377	178	20	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	178	21	further	further	ADJ
easat-4377	178	22	automation	automation	NOUN
easat-4377	178	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	178	24	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	178	25	to	to	PART
easat-4377	178	26	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	178	27	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	178	28	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	178	29	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	178	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	178	31	including	include	VERB
easat-4377	178	32	the	the	DET
easat-4377	178	33	development	development	NOUN
easat-4377	178	34	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	178	35	new	new	ADJ
easat-4377	178	36	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	178	37	functions	function	NOUN
easat-4377	178	38	to	to	PART
easat-4377	178	39	address	address	VERB
easat-4377	178	40	class	class	NOUN
easat-4377	178	41	imbalance	imbalance	NOUN
easat-4377	178	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	178	43	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	178	44	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-4377	178	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	1	gayathri	gayathri	PROPN
easat-4377	179	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	179	3	subramanian	subramanian	PROPN
easat-4377	179	4	[	[	X
easat-4377	179	5	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	179	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	7	introduces	introduce	VERB
easat-4377	179	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	179	9	soft	soft	ADJ
easat-4377	179	10	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	179	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	12	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	179	13	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	179	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	15	sa	sa	NOUN
easat-4377	179	16	-	-	NOUN
easat-4377	179	17	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	179	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	20	a	a	DET
easat-4377	179	21	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	179	22	variant	variant	NOUN
easat-4377	179	23	designed	design	VERB
easat-4377	179	24	to	to	PART
easat-4377	179	25	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-4377	179	26	predict	predict	VERB
easat-4377	179	27	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	179	28	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	179	29	edema	edema	PROPN
easat-4377	179	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	31	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	179	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	179	33	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	179	34	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	179	35	fundoscopic	fundoscopic	ADJ
easat-4377	179	36	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	179	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	180	1	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	180	2	the	the	DET
easat-4377	180	3	kaggle	kaggle	ADJ
easat-4377	180	4	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	180	5	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	180	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	180	7	sa	sa	NOUN
easat-4377	180	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	180	9	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	180	10	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	180	11	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	180	12	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	180	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	180	14	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-4377	180	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	180	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	180	17	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-4377	180	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	181	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-4377	181	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	181	3	noted	note	VERB
easat-4377	181	4	include	include	VERB
easat-4377	181	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	181	6	slow	slow	ADJ
easat-4377	181	7	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-4377	181	8	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	181	9	new	new	ADJ
easat-4377	181	10	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	181	11	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	181	12	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
easat-4377	181	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	181	14	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-4377	181	15	about	about	ADP
easat-4377	181	16	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	181	17	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	181	18	privacy	privacy	NOUN
easat-4377	181	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	181	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	181	21	the	the	DET
easat-4377	181	22	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-4377	181	23	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	181	24	managing	manage	VERB
easat-4377	181	25	false	false	ADJ
easat-4377	181	26	positives	positive	NOUN
easat-4377	181	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	181	28	negatives	negative	NOUN
easat-4377	181	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	182	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	182	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	182	3	aims	aim	VERB
easat-4377	182	4	to	to	PART
easat-4377	182	5	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-4377	182	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	182	7	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-4377	182	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	182	9	optimize	optimize	VERB
easat-4377	182	10	time	time	NOUN
easat-4377	182	11	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-4377	182	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	182	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	182	14	further	far	ADV
easat-4377	182	15	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	182	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	182	17	predictive	predictive	ADJ
easat-4377	182	18	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-4377	182	19	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	182	20	sa	sa	NOUN
easat-4377	182	21	-	-	NOUN
easat-4377	182	22	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	182	23	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	182	24	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	182	25	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	182	26	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	182	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	183	1	tu	tu	PROPN
easat-4377	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	183	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	183	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	183	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	184	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	184	2	16	16	NUM
easat-4377	184	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	184	4	introduce	introduce	VERB
easat-4377	184	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	184	6	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	184	7	separation	separation	NOUN
easat-4377	184	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	184	9	union	union	NOUN
easat-4377	184	10	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	184	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	184	12	sunet	sunet	NOUN
easat-4377	184	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	184	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	184	15	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
easat-4377	184	16	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	184	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	185	1	within	within	ADP
easat-4377	185	2	sunet	sunet	NOUN
easat-4377	185	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	185	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	185	5	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	185	6	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-4377	185	7	block	block	NOUN
easat-4377	185	8	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	185	9	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	185	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	185	11	performing	perform	VERB
easat-4377	185	12	iterative	iterative	NOUN
easat-4377	185	13	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	185	14	separation	separation	NOUN
easat-4377	185	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	185	16	union	union	NOUN
easat-4377	185	17	steps	step	NOUN
easat-4377	185	18	to	to	PART
easat-4377	185	19	extract	extract	VERB
easat-4377	185	20	domain	domain	NOUN
easat-4377	185	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	185	22	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-4377	185	23	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	185	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	185	25	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-4377	185	26	improving	improve	VERB
easat-4377	185	27	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	185	28	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	185	29	removing	remove	VERB
easat-4377	185	30	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ
easat-4377	185	31	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	185	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	185	33	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-4377	185	34	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	185	35	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-4377	185	36	ones	one	NOUN
easat-4377	185	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	185	38	providing	provide	VERB
easat-4377	185	39	an	an	DET
easat-4377	185	40	exactness	exactness	NOUN
easat-4377	185	41	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	185	42	65.06	65.06	NUM
easat-4377	185	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	185	44	81.55	81.55	NUM
easat-4377	185	45	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	185	46	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	185	47	the	the	DET
easat-4377	185	48	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	185	49	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	185	50	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	185	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	185	52	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	185	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	186	1	a	a	DET
easat-4377	186	2	lesion	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	186	3	regularizer	regularizer	NOUN
easat-4377	186	4	improves	improve	VERB
easat-4377	186	5	interpretability	interpretability	NOUN
easat-4377	186	6	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	186	7	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-4377	186	8	lesions	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	186	9	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	186	10	disease	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	186	11	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	186	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	187	1	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-4377	187	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	187	3	may	may	AUX
easat-4377	187	4	include	include	VERB
easat-4377	187	5	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	187	6	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-4377	187	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	187	8	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-4377	187	9	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-4377	187	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	187	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	187	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	187	13	need	need	NOUN
easat-4377	187	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	187	15	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-4377	187	16	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	187	17	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	187	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	188	1	sunet	sunet	PROPN
easat-4377	188	2	's	's	PART
easat-4377	188	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	188	4	could	could	AUX
easat-4377	188	5	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	188	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	188	7	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	188	8	other	other	ADJ
easat-4377	188	9	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-4377	188	10	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	188	11	task	task	ADJ
easat-4377	188	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	188	13	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-4377	188	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	188	15	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	188	16	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	188	17	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	188	18	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-4377	188	19	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	188	20	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-4377	188	21	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	188	22	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-4377	188	23	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	188	24	scalability	scalability	NOUN
easat-4377	188	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	188	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-4377	188	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	188	28	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-4377	188	29	realtime	realtime	ADJ
easat-4377	188	30	clinical	clinical	ADJ
easat-4377	188	31	applications	application	NOUN
easat-4377	188	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	188	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	188	34	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-4377	188	35	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-4377	188	36	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
easat-4377	188	37	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-4377	188	38	to	to	PART
easat-4377	188	39	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	188	40	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	188	41	utility	utility	NOUN
easat-4377	188	42	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	188	43	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	188	44	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	188	45	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	188	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	189	1	suchetha	suchetha	NOUN
easat-4377	189	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	189	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	189	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	189	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	190	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	190	2	17	17	NUM
easat-4377	190	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	190	4	employ	employ	VERB
easat-4377	190	5	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-4377	190	6	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	190	7	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	190	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	190	9	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	190	10	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-4377	190	11	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	190	12	to	to	PART
easat-4377	190	13	detect	detect	VERB
easat-4377	190	14	macula	macula	NOUN
easat-4377	190	15	swelling	swell	VERB
easat-4377	190	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	190	17	involving	involve	VERB
easat-4377	190	18	steps	step	NOUN
easat-4377	190	19	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	190	20	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	190	21	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-4377	190	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	190	23	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-4377	190	24	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	190	25	processing	processing	ADJ
easat-4377	190	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	190	27	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	190	28	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-4377	190	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	190	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	190	31	categorization	categorization	NOUN
easat-4377	190	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	191	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	191	2	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	191	3	focus	focus	VERB
easat-4377	191	4	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	191	5	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	191	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	191	7	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	191	8	to	to	PART
easat-4377	191	9	handle	handle	VERB
easat-4377	191	10	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-4377	191	11	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	191	12	qualities	quality	NOUN
easat-4377	191	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	191	14	artifacts	artifact	NOUN
easat-4377	191	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	191	16	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-4377	191	17	dl	dl	NOUN
easat-4377	191	18	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	191	19	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	191	20	more	more	ADV
easat-4377	191	21	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-4377	191	22	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	191	23	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-4377	191	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	191	25	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	191	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	191	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	191	28	extending	extend	VERB
easat-4377	191	29	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-4377	191	30	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	191	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	191	32	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
easat-4377	191	33	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	191	34	macula	macula	NOUN
easat-4377	191	35	swelling	swell	VERB
easat-4377	191	36	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	191	37	proactive	proactive	ADJ
easat-4377	191	38	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
easat-4377	191	39	management	management	NOUN
easat-4377	191	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	192	1	gadde	gadde	PROPN
easat-4377	192	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	192	3	kiran	kiran	PROPN
easat-4377	193	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	193	2	18	18	NUM
easat-4377	193	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	193	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	193	5	cnns	cnn	NOUN
easat-4377	193	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	193	7	to	to	PART
easat-4377	193	8	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-4377	193	9	label	label	VERB
easat-4377	193	10	the	the	DET
easat-4377	193	11	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	193	12	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	193	13	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	193	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	193	15	assess	assess	VERB
easat-4377	193	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	193	17	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	193	18	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	193	19	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	193	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	193	21	cnns	cnns	PROPN
easat-4377	193	22	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	193	23	proficient	proficient	ADJ
easat-4377	193	24	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	193	25	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	193	26	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	193	27	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-4377	193	28	as	as	SCONJ
easat-4377	193	29	they	they	PRON
easat-4377	193	30	autonomously	autonomously	ADV
easat-4377	193	31	learn	learn	VERB
easat-4377	193	32	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	193	33	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	193	34	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	193	35	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	193	36	layers	layer	NOUN
easat-4377	193	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	194	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	194	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	194	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-4377	194	4	the	the	DET
easat-4377	194	5	'	'	PUNCT
easat-4377	194	6	adam	adam	PROPN
easat-4377	194	7	'	'	PUNCT
easat-4377	194	8	optimizer	optimizer	NOUN
easat-4377	194	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	194	10	renowned	renowne	VERB
easat-4377	194	11	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	194	12	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	194	13	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-4377	194	14	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	194	15	minimizing	minimize	VERB
easat-4377	194	16	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-4377	194	17	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	194	18	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-4377	194	19	gradient	gradient	NOUN
easat-4377	194	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	194	21	root	root	NOUN
easat-4377	194	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	194	23	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-4377	194	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	194	25	square	square	NOUN
easat-4377	194	26	propagation	propagation	NOUN
easat-4377	194	27	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	194	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	195	1	adam	adam	PROPN
easat-4377	195	2	optimizes	optimize	VERB
easat-4377	195	3	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	195	4	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-4377	195	5	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	195	6	each	each	DET
easat-4377	195	7	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-4377	195	8	individually	individually	ADV
easat-4377	195	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	195	10	resulting	result	VERB
easat-4377	195	11	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	195	12	faster	fast	ADJ
easat-4377	195	13	convergence	convergence	NOUN
easat-4377	195	14	during	during	ADP
easat-4377	195	15	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	195	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	196	1	rectified	rectify	VERB
easat-4377	196	2	linear	linear	PROPN
easat-4377	196	3	unit	unit	NOUN
easat-4377	196	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	196	5	relu	relu	NOUN
easat-4377	196	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	196	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	196	8	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-4377	196	9	activation	activation	NOUN
easat-4377	196	10	functions	function	NOUN
easat-4377	196	11	were	be	AUX
easat-4377	196	12	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	196	13	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	196	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	196	15	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	196	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	197	1	relu	relu	NOUN
easat-4377	197	2	introduces	introduce	VERB
easat-4377	197	3	non	non	ADJ
easat-4377	197	4	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	197	5	linearity	linearity	NOUN
easat-4377	197	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	197	7	aids	aid	NOUN
easat-4377	197	8	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	197	9	faster	fast	ADJ
easat-4377	197	10	convergence	convergence	NOUN
easat-4377	197	11	during	during	ADP
easat-4377	197	12	gradient	gradient	ADJ
easat-4377	197	13	descent	descent	NOUN
easat-4377	197	14	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	197	15	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-4377	197	16	backpropagation	backpropagation	NOUN
easat-4377	197	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	198	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	198	2	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	198	3	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-4377	198	4	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	198	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	198	6	dmercnet	dmercnet	NOUN
easat-4377	198	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	198	8	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	198	9	87.38	87.38	NUM
easat-4377	198	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	198	11	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	198	12	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	198	13	classifying	classify	VERB
easat-4377	198	14	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	198	15	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	198	16	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	198	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	198	18	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	198	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	198	20	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	198	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	199	1	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	199	2	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	199	3	indeed	indeed	ADV
easat-4377	199	4	demand	demand	VERB
easat-4377	199	5	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-4377	199	6	labeled	label	VERB
easat-4377	199	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	199	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	199	9	presenting	present	VERB
easat-4377	199	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	199	11	stemming	stem	VERB
easat-4377	199	12	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	199	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	199	14	privacy	privacy	NOUN
easat-4377	199	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	199	16	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-4377	199	17	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-4377	199	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	200	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-4377	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	200	3	they	they	PRON
easat-4377	200	4	necessitate	necessitate	VERB
easat-4377	200	5	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-4377	200	6	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-4377	200	7	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-4377	200	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	200	9	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	200	10	may	may	AUX
easat-4377	200	11	not	not	PART
easat-4377	200	12	always	always	ADV
easat-4377	200	13	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	200	14	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-4377	200	15	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	200	16	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	200	17	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
easat-4377	200	18	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-4377	200	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	201	1	albelaihi	albelaihi	NOUN
easat-4377	201	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	201	3	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
easat-4377	202	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	202	2	19	19	NUM
easat-4377	202	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	202	4	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	202	5	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-4377	202	6	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	202	7	efficientnetb0	efficientnetb0	PROPN
easat-4377	202	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	202	9	vgg16	vgg16	PROPN
easat-4377	202	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	202	11	resnet152v2	resnet152v2	NOUN
easat-4377	202	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	202	13	gruresnet152v2	gruresnet152v2	ADJ
easat-4377	202	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	202	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	202	16	bi	bi	NOUN
easat-4377	202	17	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	202	18	gruresnet152v2	gruresnet152v2	ADJ
easat-4377	202	19	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	202	20	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	202	21	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	202	22	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	202	23	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	202	24	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	202	25	diseases	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	202	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	202	27	1214	1214	NUM
easat-4377	202	28	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	202	29	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	202	30	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	202	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	202	32	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	202	33	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	202	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	202	35	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	202	36	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	202	37	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	202	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	202	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	203	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	203	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	203	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	203	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	203	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	203	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	203	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	203	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	203	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	203	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	203	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	203	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	203	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	203	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	203	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	203	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	203	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	203	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	203	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	203	21	licensee	licensee	NOUN
easat-4377	203	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	203	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	203	24	leveraging	leverage	VERB
easat-4377	203	25	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	203	26	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	203	27	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	203	28	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	203	29	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	203	30	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	203	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	204	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	204	2	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	204	3	excels	excel	VERB
easat-4377	204	4	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	204	5	diagnosing	diagnose	VERB
easat-4377	204	6	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	204	7	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	204	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	204	9	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	204	10	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-4377	204	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	204	12	classifying	classify	VERB
easat-4377	204	13	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	204	14	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	204	15	infections	infection	NOUN
easat-4377	204	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	204	17	glaucoma	glaucoma	NOUN
easat-4377	204	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	204	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	204	20	cataracts	cataract	NOUN
easat-4377	204	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	204	22	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	204	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	204	24	efficientnetb0	efficientnetb0	PROPN
easat-4377	204	25	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	204	26	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	204	27	an	an	DET
easat-4377	204	28	impressive	impressive	ADJ
easat-4377	204	29	98.76	98.76	NUM
easat-4377	204	30	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	204	31	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	204	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	205	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	205	2	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	205	3	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-4377	205	4	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	205	5	trained	train	VERB
easat-4377	205	6	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	205	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	205	8	geometric	geometric	ADJ
easat-4377	205	9	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	205	10	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	205	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	205	12	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	205	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	205	14	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-4377	205	15	include	include	VERB
easat-4377	205	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	205	17	need	need	NOUN
easat-4377	205	18	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	205	19	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	205	20	format	format	NOUN
easat-4377	205	21	conversion	conversion	NOUN
easat-4377	205	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	205	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	205	24	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN
easat-4377	205	25	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	205	26	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	205	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	205	28	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	205	29	necessitate	necessitate	ADJ
easat-4377	205	30	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-4377	205	31	preprocessing	preprocessing	NOUN
easat-4377	205	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	205	33	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	205	34	steps	step	NOUN
easat-4377	205	35	to	to	PART
easat-4377	205	36	improve	improve	VERB
easat-4377	205	37	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	205	38	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-4377	205	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	206	1	chaudhary	chaudhary	PROPN
easat-4377	206	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	206	3	pachori	pachori	NOUN
easat-4377	206	4	[	[	X
easat-4377	206	5	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	206	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	206	7	explores	explore	VERB
easat-4377	206	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	206	9	use	use	NOUN
easat-4377	206	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	206	11	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	206	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	206	13	d	d	NOUN
easat-4377	206	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	206	15	fbse	fbse	NOUN
easat-4377	206	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	206	17	fawt	fawt	NOUN
easat-4377	206	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	206	19	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	206	20	leverages	leverage	VERB
easat-4377	206	21	fbse	fbse	NOUN
easat-4377	206	22	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	206	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	206	24	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-4377	206	25	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-4377	206	26	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	206	27	fawt	fawt	NOUN
easat-4377	206	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	207	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	207	2	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	207	3	employs	employ	VERB
easat-4377	207	4	filter	filter	NOUN
easat-4377	207	5	banks	bank	NOUN
easat-4377	207	6	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	207	7	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	207	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	207	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	207	10	aiding	aid	VERB
easat-4377	207	11	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	207	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	207	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-4377	207	14	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	207	15	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	207	16	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	207	17	grades	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	207	18	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	207	19	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	207	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	207	21	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	207	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	207	23	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	207	24	key	key	ADJ
easat-4377	207	25	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
easat-4377	207	26	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-4377	207	27	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	207	28	qf	qf	PROPN
easat-4377	207	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	207	30	rdy	rdy	NOUN
easat-4377	207	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	207	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	207	33	df	df	PROPN
easat-4377	207	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	208	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	208	2	provides	provide	VERB
easat-4377	208	3	a	a	DET
easat-4377	208	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-4377	208	5	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	208	6	set	set	VERB
easat-4377	208	7	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	208	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	208	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	208	10	supported	support	VERB
easat-4377	208	11	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	208	12	normalization	normalization	NOUN
easat-4377	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	208	14	resampling	resample	VERB
easat-4377	208	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	208	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	208	17	pca	pca	NOUN
easat-4377	208	18	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	208	19	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
easat-4377	208	20	preprocessing	preprocessing	NOUN
easat-4377	208	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	208	22	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-4377	208	23	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-4377	208	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	209	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	209	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-4377	209	3	achieves	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	209	4	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	209	5	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	209	6	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	209	7	acyavg	acyavg	NOUN
easat-4377	209	8	values	value	NOUN
easat-4377	209	9	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	209	10	0.955	0.955	NUM
easat-4377	209	11	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	209	12	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	209	13	0.965	0.965	NUM
easat-4377	209	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	209	15	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	209	16	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	209	17	the	the	DET
easat-4377	209	18	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	209	19	database	database	NOUN
easat-4377	209	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	209	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	209	22	0.975	0.975	NUM
easat-4377	209	23	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	209	24	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	209	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	209	26	0.985	0.985	NUM
easat-4377	209	27	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	209	28	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	209	29	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	209	30	the	the	DET
easat-4377	209	31	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	209	32	database	database	PROPN
easat-4377	209	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	210	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	210	2	relies	rely	VERB
easat-4377	210	3	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	210	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	210	5	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-4377	210	6	qf	qf	NOUN
easat-4377	210	7	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN
easat-4377	210	8	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	210	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	210	10	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	210	11	may	may	AUX
easat-4377	210	12	not	not	PART
easat-4377	210	13	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	210	14	suitable	suitable	ADJ
easat-4377	210	15	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	210	16	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-4377	210	17	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-4377	210	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	210	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	210	20	limiting	limit	VERB
easat-4377	210	21	its	its	PRON
easat-4377	210	22	applicability	applicability	NOUN
easat-4377	210	23	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	210	24	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-4377	210	25	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-4377	210	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	211	1	a	a	DET
easat-4377	211	2	brief	brief	ADJ
easat-4377	211	3	review	review	NOUN
easat-4377	211	4	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	211	5	the	the	DET
easat-4377	211	6	above	above	ADV
easat-4377	211	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	211	8	mentioned	mention	VERB
easat-4377	211	9	papers	paper	NOUN
easat-4377	211	10	includes	include	VERB
easat-4377	211	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	211	12	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	211	13	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	211	14	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	211	15	the	the	DET
easat-4377	211	16	method	method	NOUN
easat-4377	211	17	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	211	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	211	19	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	211	20	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	211	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	211	22	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	211	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	212	1	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	212	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-4377	212	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	212	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-4377	212	5	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	212	6	each	each	DET
easat-4377	212	7	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	212	8	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	212	9	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	212	10	gives	give	VERB
easat-4377	212	11	a	a	DET
easat-4377	212	12	neat	neat	ADJ
easat-4377	212	13	view	view	NOUN
easat-4377	212	14	to	to	PART
easat-4377	212	15	understand	understand	VERB
easat-4377	212	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	212	17	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-4377	212	18	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	212	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	212	20	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	212	21	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	212	22	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	212	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	213	1	3	3	X
easat-4377	213	2	.	.	X
easat-4377	213	3	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	213	4	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	213	5	datasets	dataset	VERB
easat-4377	213	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	213	7	most	most	ADV
easat-4377	213	8	prominent	prominent	ADJ
easat-4377	213	9	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	213	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	213	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	213	12	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	213	13	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	213	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	213	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	213	16	the	the	DET
easat-4377	213	17	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-4377	213	18	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-4377	213	19	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	213	20	the	the	DET
easat-4377	213	21	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-4377	213	22	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	213	23	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	213	24	the	the	DET
easat-4377	213	25	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	213	26	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	213	27	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	213	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	213	29	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	213	30	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	213	31	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	213	32	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	213	33	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	213	34	typically	typically	ADV
easat-4377	213	35	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	213	36	databases	database	NOUN
easat-4377	213	37	comprising	comprise	VERB
easat-4377	213	38	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	213	39	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-4377	213	40	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	213	41	pupil	pupil	NOUN
easat-4377	213	42	dilation	dilation	NOUN
easat-4377	213	43	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	213	44	a	a	DET
easat-4377	213	45	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	213	46	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-4377	213	47	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	213	48	produces	produce	VERB
easat-4377	213	49	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-4377	213	50	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	213	51	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	213	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	214	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	214	2	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-4377	214	3	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	214	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	214	5	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	214	6	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	214	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	214	8	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	214	9	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	214	10	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	214	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	214	12	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	214	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	214	14	typically	typically	ADV
easat-4377	214	15	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	214	16	databases	database	NOUN
easat-4377	214	17	comprising	comprise	VERB
easat-4377	214	18	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	214	19	captured	capture	VERB
easat-4377	214	20	after	after	ADP
easat-4377	214	21	pupil	pupil	ADJ
easat-4377	214	22	dilation	dilation	NOUN
easat-4377	214	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	215	1	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	215	2	this	this	DET
easat-4377	215	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	215	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	215	5	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	215	6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV
easat-4377	215	7	examined	examine	VERB
easat-4377	215	8	publicly	publicly	ADV
easat-4377	215	9	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-4377	215	10	databases	database	NOUN
easat-4377	215	11	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	215	12	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-4377	215	13	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	215	14	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	215	15	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	215	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	215	17	dr	dr	NOUN
easat-4377	215	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	215	19	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	215	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	216	1	these	these	DET
easat-4377	216	2	databases	database	NOUN
easat-4377	216	3	were	be	AUX
easat-4377	216	4	selected	select	VERB
easat-4377	216	5	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	216	6	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	216	7	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	216	8	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
easat-4377	216	9	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	216	10	ma	ma	PROPN
easat-4377	216	11	masks	mask	NOUN
easat-4377	216	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	216	13	support	support	NOUN
easat-4377	216	14	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	216	15	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	216	16	grading	grading	PROPN
easat-4377	216	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	216	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-4377	216	19	a	a	DET
easat-4377	216	20	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-4377	216	21	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-4377	216	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	216	23	diagnostic	diagnostic	ADJ
easat-4377	216	24	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-4377	216	25	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	216	26	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	216	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	216	28	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-4377	216	29	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	216	30	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	216	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	217	1	more	more	ADJ
easat-4377	217	2	than	than	ADP
easat-4377	217	3	1000	1000	NUM
easat-4377	217	4	ma	ma	PROPN
easat-4377	217	5	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	217	6	masks	mask	NOUN
easat-4377	217	7	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	217	8	available	available	ADJ
easat-4377	217	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	217	10	providing	provide	VERB
easat-4377	217	11	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-4377	217	12	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-4377	217	13	for	for	SCONJ
easat-4377	217	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	217	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-4377	217	16	to	to	PART
easat-4377	217	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	217	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	217	19	development	development	NOUN
easat-4377	217	20	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	217	21	a	a	DET
easat-4377	217	22	highly	highly	ADV
easat-4377	217	23	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-4377	217	24	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-4377	217	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	217	26	aided	aid	VERB
easat-4377	217	27	system	system	NOUN
easat-4377	217	28	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	217	29	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	217	30	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	217	31	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	217	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	218	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	218	2	kaggle	kaggle	ADJ
easat-4377	218	3	eyepacs	eyepac	NOUN
easat-4377	218	4	[	[	X
easat-4377	218	5	25	25	NUM
easat-4377	218	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	218	7	30	30	NUM
easat-4377	218	8	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	218	9	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	218	10	stands	stand	VERB
easat-4377	218	11	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	218	12	the	the	DET
easat-4377	218	13	largest	large	ADJ
easat-4377	218	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	218	15	most	most	ADV
easat-4377	218	16	widely	widely	ADV
easat-4377	218	17	accessed	access	VERB
easat-4377	218	18	public	public	ADJ
easat-4377	218	19	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	218	20	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	218	21	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	218	22	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	218	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	218	24	consisting	consist	VERB
easat-4377	218	25	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	218	26	over	over	ADP
easat-4377	218	27	80,000	80,000	NUM
easat-4377	218	28	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	218	29	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	218	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	219	1	these	these	DET
easat-4377	219	2	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	219	3	were	be	AUX
easat-4377	219	4	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-4377	219	5	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	219	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	219	7	eyepacs	eyepac	NOUN
easat-4377	219	8	platform	platform	NOUN
easat-4377	219	9	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	219	10	the	the	DET
easat-4377	219	11	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	219	12	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	219	13	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-4377	219	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	219	15	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	219	16	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	219	17	sponsored	sponsor	VERB
easat-4377	219	18	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	219	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	219	20	california	california	PROPN
easat-4377	219	21	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
easat-4377	219	22	foundation	foundation	PROPN
easat-4377	220	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	220	2	31	31	NUM
easat-4377	220	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	220	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	221	1	they	they	PRON
easat-4377	221	2	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-4377	221	3	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	221	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	221	5	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	221	6	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	221	7	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	221	8	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	221	9	both	both	DET
easat-4377	221	10	eyes	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	221	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	221	12	captured	capture	VERB
easat-4377	221	13	across	across	ADP
easat-4377	221	14	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-4377	221	15	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	221	16	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	221	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	221	18	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-4377	221	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	222	1	trained	train	VERB
easat-4377	222	2	professionals	professional	NOUN
easat-4377	222	3	graded	grade	VERB
easat-4377	222	4	the	the	DET
easat-4377	222	5	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	222	6	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	222	7	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	222	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	222	9	icdrdss	icdrdss	NOUN
easat-4377	222	10	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-4377	222	11	[	[	X
easat-4377	222	12	32	32	NUM
easat-4377	222	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	222	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	223	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	223	2	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	223	3	[	[	X
easat-4377	223	4	21	21	NUM
easat-4377	223	5	]	]	X
easat-4377	223	6	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	223	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	223	8	consisting	consist	VERB
easat-4377	223	9	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	223	10	1,200	1,200	NUM
easat-4377	223	11	retina	retina	ADJ
easat-4377	223	12	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	223	13	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	223	15	was	be	AUX
easat-4377	223	16	gathered	gather	VERB
easat-4377	223	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	223	18	three	three	NUM
easat-4377	223	19	ophthalmic	ophthalmic	ADJ
easat-4377	223	20	departments	department	NOUN
easat-4377	223	21	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	223	22	france	france	PROPN
easat-4377	223	23	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	223	24	2005	2005	NUM
easat-4377	223	25	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	223	26	2006	2006	NUM
easat-4377	223	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	224	1	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	224	2	these	these	DET
easat-4377	224	3	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	224	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	224	5	800	800	NUM
easat-4377	224	6	were	be	AUX
easat-4377	224	7	acquired	acquire	VERB
easat-4377	224	8	after	after	ADP
easat-4377	224	9	pupil	pupil	ADJ
easat-4377	224	10	dilation	dilation	NOUN
easat-4377	224	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	224	12	while	while	SCONJ
easat-4377	224	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	224	14	remaining	remain	VERB
easat-4377	224	15	400	400	NUM
easat-4377	224	16	were	be	AUX
easat-4377	224	17	captured	capture	VERB
easat-4377	224	18	without	without	ADP
easat-4377	224	19	dilation	dilation	NOUN
easat-4377	224	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	225	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	225	2	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	225	3	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	226	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	226	2	21	21	NUM
easat-4377	226	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	226	4	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	226	5	expands	expand	VERB
easat-4377	226	6	upon	upon	SCONJ
easat-4377	226	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	226	8	original	original	ADJ
easat-4377	226	9	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	226	10	dataset	dataset	PROPN
easat-4377	226	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	226	12	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-4377	226	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	226	14	types	type	NOUN
easat-4377	226	15	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	226	16	it	it	PRON
easat-4377	226	17	along	along	ADP
easat-4377	226	18	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	226	19	an	an	DET
easat-4377	226	20	extra	extra	ADJ
easat-4377	226	21	690	690	NUM
easat-4377	226	22	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	226	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	227	1	drive	drive	VERB
easat-4377	227	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	227	3	33	33	NUM
easat-4377	227	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	227	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	227	6	set	set	NOUN
easat-4377	227	7	includes	include	VERB
easat-4377	227	8	a	a	DET
easat-4377	227	9	total	total	NOUN
easat-4377	227	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	227	11	40	40	NUM
easat-4377	227	12	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	227	13	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	227	14	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	227	15	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	227	16	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	227	17	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	227	18	where	where	SCONJ
easat-4377	227	19	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	227	20	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	227	21	taken	take	VERB
easat-4377	227	22	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	227	23	the	the	DET
easat-4377	227	24	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-4377	227	25	sets	set	NOUN
easat-4377	227	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	227	27	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	227	28	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	227	29	the	the	DET
easat-4377	227	30	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	227	31	sets	set	NOUN
easat-4377	227	32	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	227	33	the	the	DET
easat-4377	227	34	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	227	35	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	227	36	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	227	37	768	768	NUM
easat-4377	227	38	x	x	SYM
easat-4377	227	39	584	584	NUM
easat-4377	227	40	the	the	DET
easat-4377	227	41	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	227	42	[	[	X
easat-4377	227	43	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	227	44	]	]	X
easat-4377	227	45	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	227	46	comprises	comprise	VERB
easat-4377	227	47	516	516	NUM
easat-4377	227	48	high	high	ADJ
easat-4377	227	49	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	227	50	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-4377	227	51	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	227	52	collected	collect	VERB
easat-4377	227	53	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	227	54	an	an	DET
easat-4377	227	55	ophthalmology	ophthalmology	NOUN
easat-4377	227	56	clinic	clinic	NOUN
easat-4377	227	57	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	227	58	nanded	nanded	PROPN
easat-4377	227	59	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	227	60	india	india	PROPN
easat-4377	227	61	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	227	62	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	227	63	a	a	DET
easat-4377	227	64	kowa	kowa	PROPN
easat-4377	227	65	vx	vx	PROPN
easat-4377	227	66	10α	10α	NUM
easat-4377	227	67	fundus	fundus	X
easat-4377	227	68	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-4377	227	69	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	228	1	before	before	ADP
easat-4377	228	2	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	228	3	capture	capture	NOUN
easat-4377	228	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	228	5	both	both	DET
easat-4377	228	6	eyes	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	228	7	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	228	8	all	all	DET
easat-4377	228	9	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-4377	228	10	were	be	AUX
easat-4377	228	11	dilated	dilate	VERB
easat-4377	228	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	229	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	229	2	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	229	3	includes	include	VERB
easat-4377	229	4	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	229	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	229	6	level	level	NOUN
easat-4377	229	7	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	229	8	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	229	9	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	229	10	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	229	11	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	229	12	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	229	13	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	229	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	229	15	icdrs	icdrs	ADJ
easat-4377	229	16	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-4377	229	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	229	18	assesses	assess	VERB
easat-4377	229	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	229	20	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	229	21	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	229	22	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	229	23	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	229	24	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	229	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	229	26	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	229	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	229	28	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	229	29	all	all	DET
easat-4377	229	30	516	516	NUM
easat-4377	229	31	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	229	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	230	1	hrf	hrf	PROPN
easat-4377	231	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	231	2	34	34	NUM
easat-4377	231	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	231	4	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	231	5	consists	consist	NOUN
easat-4377	231	6	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	231	7	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	231	8	related	relate	VERB
easat-4377	231	9	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	231	10	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	231	11	vessel	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	231	12	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	231	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	231	14	exudates	exudate	NOUN
easat-4377	231	15	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	231	16	consists	consist	VERB
easat-4377	231	17	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	231	18	45	45	NUM
easat-4377	231	19	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	231	20	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	231	21	total	total	ADJ
easat-4377	231	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	231	23	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	231	24	identified	identify	VERB
easat-4377	231	25	as	as	ADP
easat-4377	231	26	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	231	27	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	231	28	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	231	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	231	30	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	231	31	an	an	DET
easat-4377	231	32	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	231	33	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	231	34	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	231	35	2334	2334	NUM
easat-4377	231	36	x	x	SYM
easat-4377	231	37	3506	3506	NUM
easat-4377	231	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	232	1	1215	1215	NUM
easat-4377	232	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	232	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	232	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	232	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	232	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	232	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	232	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	232	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	232	10	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	232	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	232	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	232	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	233	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	233	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	233	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	233	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	233	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	233	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	233	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	233	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	233	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	233	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	233	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	233	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	233	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	233	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	233	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	233	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	233	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	233	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	233	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	233	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	233	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	233	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	233	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	233	24	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	233	25	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	233	26	outlines	outline	VERB
easat-4377	233	27	the	the	DET
easat-4377	233	28	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-4377	233	29	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	233	30	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	233	31	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	233	32	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-4377	233	33	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	233	34	endeavours	endeavour	NOUN
easat-4377	233	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	233	36	accompanied	accompany	VERB
easat-4377	233	37	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	233	38	detailed	detailed	ADJ
easat-4377	233	39	descriptions	description	NOUN
easat-4377	233	40	[	[	X
easat-4377	233	41	32	32	NUM
easat-4377	233	42	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	233	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	234	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	234	2	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	234	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	235	1	specifications	specification	NOUN
easat-4377	235	2	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	235	3	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-4377	235	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	235	5	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	235	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	236	1	s.no	s.no	AUX
easat-4377	236	2	dataset	dataset	VERB
easat-4377	236	3	total	total	ADJ
easat-4377	236	4	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	236	5	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	236	6	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	236	7	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	236	8	data	data	PROPN
easat-4377	236	9	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	236	10	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	236	11	sets	set	NOUN
easat-4377	236	12	training	training	NOUN
easat-4377	236	13	sets	set	NOUN
easat-4377	236	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	236	15	size	size	NOUN
easat-4377	236	16	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	236	17	kaggle	kaggle	VERB
easat-4377	236	18	88702	88702	NUM
easat-4377	236	19	23359	23359	NUM
easat-4377	236	20	all	all	PRON
easat-4377	236	21	features	feature	VERB
easat-4377	236	22	35126	35126	NUM
easat-4377	236	23	53576	53576	NUM
easat-4377	236	24	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	236	25	resolutions	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	236	26	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	236	27	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	236	28	1200	1200	NUM
easat-4377	236	29	660	660	NUM
easat-4377	236	30	exs	exs	PROPN
easat-4377	236	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	236	32	hems	hem	VERB
easat-4377	236	33	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	236	34	resolutions	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	236	35	2304	2304	NUM
easat-4377	236	36	×	×	NOUN
easat-4377	237	1	1536,2240	1536,2240	NUM
easat-4377	237	2	×	×	NOUN
easat-4377	237	3	1488	1488	NUM
easat-4377	237	4	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	237	5	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	237	6	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	237	7	1748	1748	NUM
easat-4377	237	8	exs	exs	PROPN
easat-4377	237	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	237	10	hems	hem	VERB
easat-4377	237	11	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	237	12	resolutions	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	237	13	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	237	14	drive	drive	VERB
easat-4377	237	15	40	40	NUM
easat-4377	237	16	7	7	NUM
easat-4377	237	17	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	237	18	vessels	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	237	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	237	20	exs	exs	PROPN
easat-4377	237	21	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	237	22	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	237	23	768	768	NUM
easat-4377	237	24	×	×	NOUN
easat-4377	237	25	584	584	NUM
easat-4377	237	26	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	237	27	stare	stare	NOUN
easat-4377	237	28	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	237	29	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	237	30	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	237	31	vessels	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	237	32	700×605	700×605	NUM
easat-4377	237	33	6	6	NUM
easat-4377	237	34	hrf	hrf	PROPN
easat-4377	237	35	45	45	NUM
easat-4377	237	36	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	237	37	blood	blood	NOUN
easat-4377	237	38	vessels	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	237	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	237	40	exs	exs	PROPN
easat-4377	238	1	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	238	2	7	7	NUM
easat-4377	238	3	2334×3506	2334×3506	NOUN
easat-4377	238	4	7	7	NUM
easat-4377	238	5	ddr	ddr	NOUN
easat-4377	238	6	13673	13673	NUM
easat-4377	238	7	6256	6256	NUM
easat-4377	238	8	all	all	PRON
easat-4377	238	9	features	feature	VERB
easat-4377	238	10	6835	6835	NUM
easat-4377	238	11	4105	4105	NUM
easat-4377	238	12	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	238	13	resolutions	resolution	NOUN
easat-4377	238	14	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	238	15	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	238	16	435	435	NUM
easat-4377	238	17	all	all	PRON
easat-4377	238	18	features	feature	VERB
easat-4377	238	19	857×569	857×569	NUM
easat-4377	238	20	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	238	21	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	238	22	516	516	NUM
easat-4377	238	23	348	348	NUM
easat-4377	238	24	mas	mas	PROPN
easat-4377	238	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	238	26	exs	exs	NOUN
easat-4377	238	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	238	28	hems	hem	VERB
easat-4377	238	29	413	413	NUM
easat-4377	238	30	103	103	NUM
easat-4377	238	31	4288848	4288848	NUM
easat-4377	238	32	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	238	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	239	1	discussions	discussion	NOUN
easat-4377	239	2	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	3	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
easat-4377	239	4	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	239	5	all	all	DET
easat-4377	239	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	7	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	239	8	types	type	NOUN
easat-4377	239	9	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	239	10	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	239	11	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	239	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	239	13	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	14	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	239	15	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	239	16	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	239	17	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-4377	239	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	239	19	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-4377	239	20	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	239	21	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	22	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	239	23	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-4377	239	24	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	239	25	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	239	26	considered	consider	VERB
easat-4377	239	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	239	28	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	29	best	good	ADJ
easat-4377	239	30	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	239	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	239	32	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	33	best	good	ADJ
easat-4377	239	34	methodologists	methodologist	NOUN
easat-4377	239	35	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	239	36	considered	consider	VERB
easat-4377	239	37	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	239	38	further	further	ADJ
easat-4377	239	39	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	239	40	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	239	41	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-4377	239	42	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	43	upgrading	upgrading	NOUN
easat-4377	239	44	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	239	45	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	239	46	the	the	DET
easat-4377	239	47	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	239	48	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	239	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	239	50	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	239	51	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	239	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	240	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	240	2	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	240	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	240	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	240	5	6	6	NUM
easat-4377	240	6	give	give	VERB
easat-4377	240	7	a	a	DET
easat-4377	240	8	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-4377	240	9	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-4377	240	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	240	11	the	the	DET
easat-4377	240	12	performances	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	240	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	240	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	240	15	above	above	ADV
easat-4377	240	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	240	17	discussed	discuss	VERB
easat-4377	240	18	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	240	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	241	1	kaggle	kaggle	PROPN
easat-4377	241	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	241	3	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	241	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	241	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	241	6	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	241	7	are	be	AUX
easat-4377	241	8	the	the	DET
easat-4377	241	9	large	large	ADJ
easat-4377	241	10	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	241	11	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	241	12	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	241	13	provided	provide	VERB
easat-4377	241	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	241	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-4377	241	16	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	241	17	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-4377	241	18	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	241	19	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	241	20	the	the	DET
easat-4377	241	21	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	241	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	242	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	242	2	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	242	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	242	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-4377	242	5	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	242	6	the	the	DET
easat-4377	242	7	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	242	8	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	242	9	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	242	10	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	242	11	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	242	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	243	1	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-4377	243	2	dataset	dataset	PROPN
easat-4377	243	3	method	method	PROPN
easat-4377	243	4	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	243	5	nazih	nazih	NOUN
easat-4377	243	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	243	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	243	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	243	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	244	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	244	2	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	244	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	244	4	fgadr	fgadr	NOUN
easat-4377	244	5	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	244	6	transformer	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	244	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	244	8	vit	vit	NOUN
easat-4377	244	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	244	10	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-4377	244	11	score=82.5	score=82.5	ADJ
easat-4377	244	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	244	13	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	244	14	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	244	15	82.5	82.5	NUM
easat-4377	244	16	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	244	17	precision=96.4	precision=96.4	ADJ
easat-4377	244	18	%	%	PROPN
easat-4377	244	19	recall=82.5	recall=82.5	NOUN
easat-4377	244	20	%	%	PROPN
easat-4377	244	21	sensitivity=95.6	sensitivity=95.6	PROPN
easat-4377	244	22	%	%	PROPN
easat-4377	244	23	ali	ali	PROPN
easat-4377	244	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	244	25	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	244	26	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	244	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	245	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	245	2	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	245	3	]	]	SYM
easat-4377	245	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	245	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	245	6	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	245	7	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	245	8	inceptionv3	inceptionv3	NOUN
easat-4377	245	9	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-4377	245	10	score=98.65	score=98.65	NOUN
easat-4377	245	11	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	245	12	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	246	1	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	246	2	96.85	96.85	NUM
easat-4377	246	3	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	246	4	sensitivity=99.28	sensitivity=99.28	NUM
easat-4377	246	5	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	246	6	specificity=98.92	specificity=98.92	NOUN
easat-4377	246	7	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	246	8	precision=96.46	precision=96.46	NUM
easat-4377	246	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	246	10	shaik	shaik	NOUN
easat-4377	246	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	246	12	cherukuri	cherukuri	PROPN
easat-4377	246	13	[	[	X
easat-4377	246	14	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	246	15	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	246	16	kaggle	kaggle	PROPN
easat-4377	246	17	aptos	aptos	PROPN
easat-4377	246	18	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	246	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	246	20	isbi	isbi	NOUN
easat-4377	246	21	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	246	22	hinge	hinge	NOUN
easat-4377	246	23	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	246	24	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	246	25	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	246	26	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	246	27	85.54	85.54	NUM
easat-4377	246	28	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	246	29	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-4377	246	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	246	31	gurrala	gurrala	PROPN
easat-4377	247	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	247	2	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	247	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	247	4	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	247	5	hgcn	hgcn	NOUN
easat-4377	247	6	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	247	7	rasca	rasca	NOUN
easat-4377	247	8	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	247	9	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	247	10	99.03	99.03	NUM
easat-4377	247	11	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	247	12	precision=99.56	precision=99.56	NOUN
easat-4377	247	13	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	247	14	f1	f1	PROPN
easat-4377	247	15	score=99.49	score=99.49	PROPN
easat-4377	247	16	%	%	PROPN
easat-4377	247	17	recall=99.43	recall=99.43	PROPN
easat-4377	247	18	ardiyanto	ardiyanto	NOUN
easat-4377	247	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	247	20	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	247	21	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	247	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	248	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	248	2	11	11	NUM
easat-4377	248	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	248	4	aptos	aptos	NOUN
easat-4377	248	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	248	6	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	248	7	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	248	8	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	248	9	93.2	93.2	NUM
easat-4377	248	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	248	11	cao	cao	NOUN
easat-4377	248	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	248	13	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	248	14	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	248	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	249	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	249	2	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	249	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	249	4	diaretdb1	diaretdb1	X
easat-4377	250	1	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	250	2	auc=98.5	auc=98.5	PROPN
easat-4377	250	3	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	250	4	f1	f1	PROPN
easat-4377	250	5	score=92.6	score=92.6	ADJ
easat-4377	250	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	250	7	aswathi	aswathi	NOUN
easat-4377	250	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	250	9	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	250	10	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	250	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	251	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	251	2	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	251	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	251	4	aptos	aptos	NOUN
easat-4377	251	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	251	6	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-4377	251	7	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	251	8	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	251	9	90	90	NUM
easat-4377	251	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	251	11	kappa	kappa	ADJ
easat-4377	251	12	score=	score=	NUM
easat-4377	251	13	94	94	NUM
easat-4377	251	14	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	251	15	jabbar	jabbar	NOUN
easat-4377	251	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	251	17	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	251	18	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	251	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	252	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	252	2	14	14	NUM
easat-4377	252	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	252	4	diaretdb1	diaretdb1	PROPN
easat-4377	252	5	googlenet	googlenet	PROPN
easat-4377	252	6	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	252	7	accuracy=	accuracy=	NUM
easat-4377	252	8	94	94	NUM
easat-4377	252	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	252	10	precision=97	precision=97	NOUN
easat-4377	252	11	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	252	12	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-4377	252	13	score=96	score=96	NOUN
easat-4377	252	14	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	252	15	recall=89	recall=89	ADJ
easat-4377	252	16	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	252	17	1216	1216	NUM
easat-4377	252	18	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	252	19	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	252	20	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	252	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	252	22	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	252	23	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	252	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	252	25	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	252	26	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	252	27	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	252	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	252	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	253	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	253	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	253	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	253	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	253	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	253	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	253	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	253	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	253	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	253	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	253	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	253	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	253	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	253	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	253	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	253	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	253	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	253	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	253	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	253	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	253	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	253	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	253	24	table	table	NOUN
easat-4377	253	25	6	6	NUM
easat-4377	253	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	253	27	comarison	comarison	NOUN
easat-4377	253	28	among	among	ADP
easat-4377	253	29	the	the	DET
easat-4377	253	30	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	253	31	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	253	32	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	253	33	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	253	34	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	253	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	254	1	5	5	X
easat-4377	254	2	.	.	X
easat-4377	254	3	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	254	4	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-4377	254	5	our	our	PRON
easat-4377	254	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	254	7	has	have	AUX
easat-4377	254	8	identified	identify	VERB
easat-4377	254	9	several	several	ADJ
easat-4377	254	10	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-4377	254	11	avenues	avenue	NOUN
easat-4377	254	12	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	254	13	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	254	14	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	254	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	255	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	255	2	major	major	ADJ
easat-4377	255	3	implementations	implementation	NOUN
easat-4377	255	4	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	255	5	diagnosing	diagnosing	NOUN
easat-4377	255	6	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	255	7	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	255	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	255	9	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	255	10	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	255	11	done	do	VERB
easat-4377	255	12	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	255	13	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	255	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	256	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	256	3	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	256	4	the	the	DET
easat-4377	256	5	papers	paper	NOUN
easat-4377	256	6	[	[	X
easat-4377	256	7	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	256	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	9	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	256	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	11	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	256	12	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	13	has	have	AUX
easat-4377	256	14	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	256	15	hinge	hinge	NOUN
easat-4377	256	16	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	256	17	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	256	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	19	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	256	20	transformers	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	256	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	256	23	resnet-50	resnet-50	NUM
easat-4377	256	24	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	256	25	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	256	26	better	well	ADJ
easat-4377	256	27	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	256	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	256	29	also	also	ADV
easat-4377	256	30	have	have	VERB
easat-4377	256	31	some	some	DET
easat-4377	256	32	limitation	limitation	NOUN
easat-4377	256	33	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-4377	256	34	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	256	35	restriction	restriction	NOUN
easat-4377	256	36	towards	towards	ADP
easat-4377	256	37	the	the	DET
easat-4377	256	38	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-4377	256	39	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	256	40	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-4377	256	41	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	256	42	imparted	impart	VERB
easat-4377	256	43	the	the	DET
easat-4377	256	44	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-4377	256	45	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	256	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	47	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	256	48	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-4377	256	49	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-4377	256	50	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	256	51	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	256	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	53	even	even	ADV
easat-4377	256	54	more	more	ADV
easat-4377	256	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	56	provide	provide	VERB
easat-4377	256	57	better	well	ADJ
easat-4377	256	58	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	256	59	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	256	60	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	256	61	rnn	rnn	PROPN
easat-4377	256	62	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	63	capsule	capsule	NOUN
easat-4377	256	64	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	256	65	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	66	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	256	67	transformers	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	256	68	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	256	69	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	256	70	handle	handle	VERB
easat-4377	256	71	large	large	ADJ
easat-4377	256	72	dependencies	dependency	NOUN
easat-4377	256	73	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	256	74	parallel	parallel	ADJ
easat-4377	256	75	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-4377	256	76	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	256	77	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	256	78	improve	improve	VERB
easat-4377	256	79	interpretability	interpretability	NOUN
easat-4377	256	80	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	256	81	spatial	spatial	ADJ
easat-4377	256	82	hierarchies	hierarchy	NOUN
easat-4377	256	83	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	257	1	the	the	DET
easat-4377	257	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	257	3	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	257	4	papers	paper	NOUN
easat-4377	257	5	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	257	6	[	[	X
easat-4377	257	7	16	16	NUM
easat-4377	257	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	257	9	18	18	NUM
easat-4377	257	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	257	11	provides	provide	VERB
easat-4377	257	12	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-4377	257	13	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	257	14	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	257	15	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	257	16	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	257	17	but	but	CCONJ
easat-4377	257	18	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	257	19	that	that	PRON
easat-4377	257	20	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	257	21	kaggle	kaggle	ADJ
easat-4377	257	22	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	257	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	258	1	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	258	2	models	model	NOUN
easat-4377	258	3	along	along	ADP
easat-4377	258	4	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	258	5	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	258	6	be	be	AUX
easat-4377	258	7	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-4377	258	8	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	258	9	rnn	rnn	NOUN
easat-4377	258	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	258	11	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	258	12	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-4377	258	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	258	14	tested	test	VERB
easat-4377	258	15	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	258	16	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-4377	258	17	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	258	18	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	258	19	other	other	ADJ
easat-4377	258	20	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	258	21	like	like	ADP
easat-4377	258	22	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	258	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	258	24	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	258	25	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	258	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	259	1	where	where	SCONJ
easat-4377	259	2	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	259	3	can	can	AUX
easat-4377	259	4	now	now	ADV
easat-4377	259	5	work	work	VERB
easat-4377	259	6	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	259	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	259	8	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-4377	259	9	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	259	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	259	11	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	259	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	259	13	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	259	14	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	259	15	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	259	16	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-4377	259	17	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	259	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	259	19	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-4377	259	20	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-4377	259	21	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	259	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	259	23	which	which	PRON
easat-4377	259	24	helps	help	VERB
easat-4377	259	25	the	the	DET
easat-4377	259	26	patients	patient	NOUN
easat-4377	259	27	to	to	PART
easat-4377	259	28	know	know	VERB
easat-4377	259	29	about	about	ADP
easat-4377	259	30	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	259	31	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	259	32	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-4377	259	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	259	34	opt	opt	VERB
easat-4377	259	35	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	259	36	the	the	DET
easat-4377	259	37	required	require	VERB
easat-4377	259	38	treatment	treatment	NOUN
easat-4377	259	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	260	1	6	6	X
easat-4377	260	2	.	.	X
easat-4377	260	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-4377	260	4	this	this	DET
easat-4377	260	5	work	work	NOUN
easat-4377	260	6	reviewed	review	VERB
easat-4377	260	7	recent	recent	ADJ
easat-4377	260	8	cnn	cnn	NOUN
easat-4377	260	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	260	10	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-4377	260	11	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	260	12	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	260	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	260	14	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	260	15	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	260	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	260	17	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	260	18	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	260	19	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	260	20	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	260	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	261	1	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	261	2	categorized	categorize	VERB
easat-4377	261	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	261	4	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	261	5	into	into	ADP
easat-4377	261	6	two	two	NUM
easat-4377	261	7	groups	group	NOUN
easat-4377	261	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	261	9	those	those	PRON
easat-4377	261	10	focused	focus	VERB
easat-4377	261	11	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	261	12	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	261	13	detection	detection	PROPN
easat-4377	261	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	261	15	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	261	16	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-4377	261	17	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	261	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	262	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-4377	262	2	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	262	3	classified	classify	VERB
easat-4377	262	4	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	262	5	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	262	6	according	accord	VERB
easat-4377	262	7	to	to	ADP
easat-4377	262	8	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	262	9	complication	complication	NOUN
easat-4377	262	10	levels	level	NOUN
easat-4377	262	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	263	1	various	various	ADJ
easat-4377	263	2	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	263	3	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	263	4	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-4377	263	5	used	use	VERB
easat-4377	263	6	nearly	nearly	ADV
easat-4377	263	7	all	all	PRON
easat-4377	263	8	recent	recent	ADJ
easat-4377	263	9	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	263	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	263	11	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	263	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	263	13	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	263	14	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-4377	263	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	263	16	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	263	17	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	263	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	263	19	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	263	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	264	1	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	264	2	also	also	ADV
easat-4377	264	3	assembled	assemble	VERB
easat-4377	264	4	a	a	DET
easat-4377	264	5	list	list	NOUN
easat-4377	264	6	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	264	7	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-4377	264	8	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-4377	264	9	ophthalmic	ophthalmic	ADJ
easat-4377	264	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	264	11	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	264	12	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	264	13	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	264	14	diagnosing	diagnosing	NOUN
easat-4377	264	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	264	16	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	264	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	265	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-4377	265	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	265	3	we	we	PRON
easat-4377	265	4	compared	compare	VERB
easat-4377	265	5	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-4377	265	6	studies	study	NOUN
easat-4377	265	7	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	265	8	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	265	9	their	their	PRON
easat-4377	265	10	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	265	11	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-4377	265	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	266	1	our	our	PRON
easat-4377	266	2	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-4377	266	3	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	266	4	to	to	PART
easat-4377	266	5	inspire	inspire	VERB
easat-4377	266	6	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-4377	266	7	to	to	PART
easat-4377	266	8	develop	develop	VERB
easat-4377	266	9	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-4377	266	10	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-4377	266	11	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	266	12	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-4377	266	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	266	14	hybridizing	hybridize	VERB
easat-4377	266	15	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	266	16	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-4377	266	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	266	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	266	19	to	to	PART
easat-4377	266	20	advance	advance	VERB
easat-4377	266	21	future	future	ADJ
easat-4377	266	22	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	266	23	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	266	24	the	the	DET
easat-4377	266	25	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-4377	266	26	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-4377	266	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	266	28	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	266	29	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	266	30	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-4377	266	31	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	266	32	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	266	33	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	266	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	266	35	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	266	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	267	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-4377	267	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	267	3	the	the	DET
easat-4377	267	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	267	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-4377	267	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-4377	267	7	the	the	DET
easat-4377	267	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-4377	267	9	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	267	10	an	an	DET
easat-4377	267	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-4377	267	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	267	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-4377	267	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	267	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	267	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-4377	267	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-4377	267	18	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	267	19	the	the	DET
easat-4377	267	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	267	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	267	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-4377	267	23	no	no	DET
easat-4377	267	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-4377	267	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	267	26	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	267	27	the	the	DET
easat-4377	267	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	267	29	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	267	30	been	be	AUX
easat-4377	267	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-4377	267	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	267	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	267	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-4377	267	35	any	any	DET
easat-4377	267	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-4377	267	37	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	267	38	the	the	DET
easat-4377	267	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	267	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-4377	267	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-4377	267	42	have	have	AUX
easat-4377	267	43	been	be	AUX
easat-4377	267	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-4377	267	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	268	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	268	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-4377	268	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-4377	268	4	all	all	DET
easat-4377	268	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-4377	268	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-4377	268	7	during	during	ADP
easat-4377	268	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-4377	268	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	269	1	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-4377	269	2	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	269	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-4377	269	4	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-4377	269	5	yinghua	yinghua	NOUN
easat-4377	269	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	269	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	269	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	269	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	270	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	270	2	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	270	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	270	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	270	5	resnet50	resnet50	PROPN
easat-4377	270	6	accuracy=	accuracy=	NUM
easat-4377	270	7	97.06	97.06	NUM
easat-4377	270	8	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	9	specificity=98.97	specificity=98.97	NOUN
easat-4377	270	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	11	f1	f1	ADJ
easat-4377	270	12	score=91.77	score=91.77	NUM
easat-4377	270	13	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	14	sensitivity=88.64	sensitivity=88.64	NOUN
easat-4377	270	15	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	16	gayathri	gayathri	PROPN
easat-4377	270	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	270	18	subramanian	subramanian	PROPN
easat-4377	270	19	[	[	X
easat-4377	270	20	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	270	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	270	22	kaggle	kaggle	NOUN
easat-4377	270	23	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	270	24	accuracy=	accuracy=	NUM
easat-4377	270	25	98.37	98.37	NUM
easat-4377	270	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	27	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-4377	270	28	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	270	29	97	97	NUM
easat-4377	270	30	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	31	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-4377	270	32	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	270	33	96	96	NUM
easat-4377	270	34	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	270	35	tu	tu	PROPN
easat-4377	270	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	270	37	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	270	38	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	270	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	271	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	271	2	16	16	NUM
easat-4377	271	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	271	4	idrid	idrid	ADJ
easat-4377	271	5	vggnet	vggnet	NOUN
easat-4377	271	6	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	271	7	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	271	8	65.06	65.06	NUM
easat-4377	271	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	271	10	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	271	11	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	271	12	81.55	81.55	NUM
easat-4377	271	13	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	271	14	suchetha	suchetha	NOUN
easat-4377	271	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	271	16	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	271	17	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	271	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	272	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	272	2	17	17	NUM
easat-4377	272	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	272	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	272	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	272	6	dmed	dme	VERB
easat-4377	272	7	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	272	8	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	272	9	96.07	96.07	NUM
easat-4377	272	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	272	11	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
easat-4377	272	12	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	272	13	93.74	93.74	NUM
easat-4377	272	14	specificity	specificity	NOUN
easat-4377	272	15	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	272	16	97.32	97.32	NUM
easat-4377	272	17	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	272	18	gadde	gadde	NOUN
easat-4377	272	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	272	20	kiran	kiran	PROPN
easat-4377	273	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	273	2	18	18	NUM
easat-4377	273	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	273	4	idrid	idrid	ADJ
easat-4377	273	5	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	273	6	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	273	7	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	273	8	87.38	87.38	NUM
easat-4377	273	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	273	10	albelaihi	albelaihi	NOUN
easat-4377	273	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	273	12	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
easat-4377	274	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	274	2	19	19	NUM
easat-4377	274	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	274	4	messidor	messidor	PROPN
easat-4377	274	5	diaretdb0	diaretdb0	VERB
easat-4377	274	6	diaretdb1	diaretdb1	PROPN
easat-4377	274	7	hei	hei	PROPN
easat-4377	274	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	274	9	med	med	ADJ
easat-4377	274	10	vggnet	vggnet	NOUN
easat-4377	274	11	resnet	resnet	NOUN
easat-4377	274	12	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	274	13	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	274	14	98.7	98.7	NUM
easat-4377	274	15	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	274	16	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-4377	274	17	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	274	18	98.7	98.7	NUM
easat-4377	274	19	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	274	20	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-4377	274	21	=	=	NOUN
easat-4377	274	22	99.7	99.7	NUM
easat-4377	274	23	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	274	24	chaudhary	chaudhary	PROPN
easat-4377	274	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	274	26	pachori	pachori	NOUN
easat-4377	274	27	[	[	X
easat-4377	274	28	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	274	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	274	30	idrid	idrid	ADJ
easat-4377	274	31	messidor	messidor	NOUN
easat-4377	274	32	2dfbsefawt	2dfbsefawt	NUM
easat-4377	274	33	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-4377	274	34	=	=	SYM
easat-4377	274	35	96.5	96.5	NUM
easat-4377	274	36	%	%	NOUN
easat-4377	274	37	1217	1217	NUM
easat-4377	274	38	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	274	39	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	274	40	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	274	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	274	42	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	274	43	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	274	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	274	45	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	274	46	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	274	47	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	274	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	274	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	275	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	275	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	275	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	275	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	275	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	275	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	275	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	275	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	275	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	275	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	275	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	275	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	275	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	275	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	275	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	275	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	275	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	275	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	275	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	275	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	276	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	276	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	276	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	276	4	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-4377	276	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	276	6	©	©	PROPN
easat-4377	276	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	276	8	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	276	9	the	the	DET
easat-4377	276	10	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	276	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	277	1	this	this	DET
easat-4377	277	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-4377	277	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	277	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-4377	277	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-4377	277	6	is	be	AUX
easat-4377	277	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-4377	277	8	under	under	ADP
easat-4377	277	9	the	the	DET
easat-4377	277	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-4377	277	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	277	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-4377	277	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	277	14	the	the	DET
easat-4377	277	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-4377	277	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-4377	277	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-4377	277	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	277	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-4377	277	20	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	277	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	277	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-4377	277	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	277	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-4377	277	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	277	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-4377	278	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	278	3	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	278	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	278	5	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	278	6	baskar	baskar	PROPN
easat-4377	278	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	8	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-4377	278	9	sabu	sabu	PROPN
easat-4377	278	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	278	12	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-4377	278	13	mazo	mazo	PROPN
easat-4377	278	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	16	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	278	17	cnns	cnn	NOUN
easat-4377	278	18	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	278	19	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	278	20	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	278	21	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	278	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	23	a	a	DET
easat-4377	278	24	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-4377	278	25	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	278	26	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-4377	278	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	29	presented	present	VERB
easat-4377	278	30	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	278	31	the	the	DET
easat-4377	278	32	2024	2024	NUM
easat-4377	278	33	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	278	34	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	278	35	symposium	symposium	NOUN
easat-4377	278	36	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	278	37	biomedical	biomedical	ADJ
easat-4377	278	38	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	278	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	40	isbi	isbi	NOUN
easat-4377	278	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	43	athens	athens	PROPN
easat-4377	278	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	45	greece	greece	PROPN
easat-4377	278	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	47	https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635242	https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635242	PROPN
easat-4377	278	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	278	49	2024	2024	NUM
easat-4377	278	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	279	2	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	279	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	279	4	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-4377	279	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	279	6	shaik	shaik	PROPN
easat-4377	279	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	279	8	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-4377	279	9	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-4377	279	10	cherukuri	cherukuri	PROPN
easat-4377	279	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	13	hinge	hinge	ADJ
easat-4377	279	14	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	279	15	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	279	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	17	a	a	DET
easat-4377	279	18	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-4377	279	19	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	279	20	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	279	21	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	279	22	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	279	23	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	279	24	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	279	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	27	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	279	28	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-4377	279	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	279	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	279	32	52	52	NUM
easat-4377	279	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	279	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	279	36	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	279	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	279	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	40	15105	15105	NUM
easat-4377	279	41	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	279	42	15121	15121	NUM
easat-4377	279	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	279	44	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	279	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	280	2	3	3	X
easat-4377	280	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	280	4	v.	v.	ADP
easat-4377	280	5	gayathri	gayathri	PROPN
easat-4377	280	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	280	7	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-4377	280	8	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-4377	280	9	subramanian	subramanian	PROPN
easat-4377	280	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	12	soft	soft	ADJ
easat-4377	280	13	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	280	14	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	280	15	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	280	16	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	280	17	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	280	18	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	280	19	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	280	20	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	280	21	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	280	22	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	280	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	25	presented	present	VERB
easat-4377	280	26	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	280	27	the	the	DET
easat-4377	280	28	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	280	29	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	280	30	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-4377	280	31	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	280	32	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-4377	280	33	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-4377	280	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	280	35	informatics	informatic	NOUN
easat-4377	280	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	37	iccci	iccci	NOUN
easat-4377	280	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	40	coimbatore	coimbatore	PROPN
easat-4377	280	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	42	india	india	PROPN
easat-4377	280	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	280	44	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	280	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	281	2	4	4	X
easat-4377	281	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	281	5	zubair	zubair	PROPN
easat-4377	281	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	8	automated	automate	VERB
easat-4377	281	9	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	281	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	281	11	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	281	12	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	281	13	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	281	14	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	281	15	color	color	NOUN
easat-4377	281	16	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	281	17	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-4377	281	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	20	presented	present	VERB
easat-4377	281	21	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	281	22	the	the	DET
easat-4377	281	23	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	281	24	2nd	2nd	ADJ
easat-4377	281	25	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	281	26	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-4377	281	27	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	281	28	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-4377	281	29	systems	system	NOUN
easat-4377	281	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	281	31	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-4377	281	32	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	281	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	34	smarttech	smarttech	NOUN
easat-4377	281	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	37	riyadh	riyadh	PROPN
easat-4377	281	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	39	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-4377	281	40	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-4377	281	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	281	42	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	281	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	282	2	5	5	X
easat-4377	282	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	282	5	porwal	porwal	NOUN
easat-4377	282	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	282	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	282	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	282	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	11	indian	indian	ADJ
easat-4377	282	12	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	282	13	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	282	14	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	282	15	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-4377	282	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	17	idrid	idrid	NOUN
easat-4377	282	18	):	):	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	19	a	a	DET
easat-4377	282	20	database	database	NOUN
easat-4377	282	21	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	282	22	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	282	23	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	282	24	screening	screen	VERB
easat-4377	282	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	282	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	28	data	datum	NOUN
easat-4377	282	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	282	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	282	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	283	1	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	283	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	283	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	283	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	283	5	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	283	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	283	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	283	8	25	25	NUM
easat-4377	283	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	283	10	2018	2018	NUM
easat-4377	283	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	1	https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025	https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025	PROPN
easat-4377	284	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	284	3	6	6	NUM
easat-4377	284	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-4377	284	6	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	284	7	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-4377	284	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	284	9	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-4377	284	10	narayanan	narayanan	PROPN
easat-4377	284	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	13	an	an	DET
easat-4377	284	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-4377	284	15	way	way	NOUN
easat-4377	284	16	to	to	PART
easat-4377	284	17	analyse	analyse	VERB
easat-4377	284	18	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	284	19	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	284	20	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	284	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	284	22	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	284	23	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	284	24	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	284	25	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	284	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	29	presented	present	VERB
easat-4377	284	30	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	284	31	the	the	DET
easat-4377	284	32	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	284	33	3rd	3rd	ADJ
easat-4377	284	34	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	284	35	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-4377	284	36	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	284	37	advance	advance	NOUN
easat-4377	284	38	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-4377	284	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	284	40	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-4377	284	41	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	284	42	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	284	43	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-4377	284	44	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	45	icacite	icacite	ADJ
easat-4377	284	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	48	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	284	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	284	50	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	284	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	285	2	7	7	X
easat-4377	285	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	285	4	v.	v.	CCONJ
easat-4377	285	5	mayya	mayya	PROPN
easat-4377	285	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	285	8	kamath	kamath	PROPN
easat-4377	285	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	285	11	u.	u.	PROPN
easat-4377	285	12	kulkarni	kulkarni	PROPN
easat-4377	285	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	15	automated	automate	VERB
easat-4377	285	16	microaneurysms	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	285	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	285	18	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	285	19	early	early	ADJ
easat-4377	285	20	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	285	21	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	285	22	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	285	23	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	285	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	25	a	a	DET
easat-4377	285	26	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-4377	285	27	review	review	NOUN
easat-4377	285	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	30	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-4377	285	31	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	285	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	285	33	programs	program	NOUN
easat-4377	285	34	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	285	35	biomedicine	biomedicine	NOUN
easat-4377	285	36	update	update	NOUN
easat-4377	285	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	285	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	285	40	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	285	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	42	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	285	43	100013	100013	NUM
easat-4377	285	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	285	45	2021	2021	NUM
easat-4377	285	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2021.100013	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2021.100013	PROPN
easat-4377	286	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	286	3	8	8	NUM
easat-4377	286	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	286	5	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-4377	286	6	nazih	nazih	PROPN
easat-4377	286	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	8	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	286	9	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-4377	286	10	aseeri	aseeri	PROPN
easat-4377	286	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	12	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-4377	286	13	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-4377	286	14	atallah	atallah	PROPN
easat-4377	286	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	286	17	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	286	18	el	el	PROPN
easat-4377	286	19	-	-	PROPN
easat-4377	286	20	sappagh	sappagh	PROPN
easat-4377	286	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	23	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-4377	286	24	transformer	transformer	NOUN
easat-4377	286	25	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	286	26	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	286	27	predicting	predict	VERB
easat-4377	286	28	the	the	DET
easat-4377	286	29	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	286	30	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	286	31	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	286	32	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	286	33	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	286	34	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	286	35	photography	photography	NOUN
easat-4377	286	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	37	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	286	38	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	286	39	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	286	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	41	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	42	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	286	43	access	access	NOUN
easat-4377	286	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	286	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	286	47	11	11	NUM
easat-4377	286	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	286	49	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	286	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	287	1	117546	117546	NUM
easat-4377	287	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	287	3	117561	117561	NUM
easat-4377	287	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	287	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	287	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3326528	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3326528	PROPN
easat-4377	288	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	288	3	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	288	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	288	5	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-4377	288	6	ali	ali	PROPN
easat-4377	288	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-4377	288	9	dastgir	dastgir	PROPN
easat-4377	288	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	11	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-4377	288	12	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-4377	288	13	iqbal	iqbal	PROPN
easat-4377	288	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	15	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-4377	288	16	anwar	anwar	PROPN
easat-4377	288	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	288	19	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	288	20	faheem	faheem	PROPN
easat-4377	288	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	23	a	a	DET
easat-4377	288	24	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	288	25	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	288	26	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	288	27	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	288	28	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	288	29	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	288	30	automatic	automatic	ADJ
easat-4377	288	31	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	288	32	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	288	33	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	288	34	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	288	35	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	288	36	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	288	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	39	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	288	40	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-4377	288	41	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	288	42	translational	translational	ADJ
easat-4377	288	43	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-4377	288	44	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	288	45	health	health	NOUN
easat-4377	288	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	288	47	medicine	medicine	NOUN
easat-4377	288	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	49	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	288	50	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	288	51	11	11	NUM
easat-4377	288	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	288	53	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	288	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	289	1	341	341	NUM
easat-4377	289	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	289	3	350	350	NUM
easat-4377	289	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	289	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	289	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	290	2	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	290	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	4	v.	v.	ADP
easat-4377	290	5	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-4377	290	6	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-4377	290	7	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-4377	290	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	290	9	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-4377	290	10	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-4377	290	11	gurrala	gurrala	PROPN
easat-4377	290	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	14	ohgcnet	ohgcnet	ADJ
easat-4377	290	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	16	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-4377	290	17	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	290	18	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-4377	290	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	20	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	290	21	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	290	22	graph	graph	NOUN
easat-4377	290	23	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	290	24	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	290	25	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	290	26	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	290	27	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-4377	290	28	dr	dr	PROPN
easat-4377	290	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	30	dme	dme	PROPN
easat-4377	290	31	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	290	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	34	biomedical	biomedical	ADJ
easat-4377	290	35	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-4377	290	36	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-4377	290	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	290	38	control	control	NOUN
easat-4377	290	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	290	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	290	41	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	291	1	78	78	NUM
easat-4377	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	291	3	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	291	4	103952	103952	NUM
easat-4377	291	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	291	6	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	291	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103952	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103952	NOUN
easat-4377	292	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	292	3	11	11	NUM
easat-4377	292	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	292	5	i.	i.	NOUN
easat-4377	292	6	ardiyanto	ardiyanto	PROPN
easat-4377	292	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	8	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-4377	292	9	nugroho	nugroho	PROPN
easat-4377	292	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	292	12	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	292	13	buana	buana	PROPN
easat-4377	292	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	16	dl	dl	NOUN
easat-4377	292	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	18	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	292	19	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	292	20	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	292	21	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-4377	292	22	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	292	23	embedded	embed	VERB
easat-4377	292	24	system	system	NOUN
easat-4377	292	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	292	27	presented	present	VERB
easat-4377	292	28	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	292	29	the	the	DET
easat-4377	292	30	annual	annual	ADJ
easat-4377	292	31	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	292	32	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-4377	292	33	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	292	34	the	the	DET
easat-4377	292	35	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	292	36	engineerin	engineerin	NOUN
easat-4377	292	37	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	292	38	biol	biol	PROPN
easat-4377	292	39	soc	soc	NOUN
easat-4377	292	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037184.pmid:29060228	https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037184.pmid:29060228	PROPN
easat-4377	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	3	2017	2017	NUM
easat-4377	293	4	[	[	X
easat-4377	293	5	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	293	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	7	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-4377	293	8	cao	cao	PROPN
easat-4377	293	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	10	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-4377	293	11	czarnek	czarnek	PROPN
easat-4377	293	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	13	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-4377	293	14	shan	shan	PROPN
easat-4377	293	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	293	17	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-4377	293	18	li	li	PROPN
easat-4377	293	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	21	microaneurysm	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	293	22	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	293	23	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	293	24	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-4377	293	25	component	component	NOUN
easat-4377	293	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	293	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	293	28	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-4377	293	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	293	30	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	293	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	33	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	293	34	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-4377	293	35	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	293	36	nanobioscience	nanobioscience	NOUN
easat-4377	293	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	293	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	293	40	17	17	NUM
easat-4377	293	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	42	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	293	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	293	44	3	3	NUM
easat-4377	293	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	293	46	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	293	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	294	1	191	191	NUM
easat-4377	294	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	294	3	198	198	NUM
easat-4377	294	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	294	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-4377	294	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	295	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2018.2840084	https://doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2018.2840084	NOUN
easat-4377	296	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	296	2	13	13	NUM
easat-4377	296	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	296	4	t.	t.	NOUN
easat-4377	296	5	aswathi	aswathi	NOUN
easat-4377	296	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	7	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-4377	296	8	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	296	9	swapna	swapna	PROPN
easat-4377	296	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	296	12	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	296	13	sivasamy	sivasamy	NOUN
easat-4377	296	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	16	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-4377	296	17	learning	learn	VERB
easat-4377	296	18	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-4377	296	19	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	296	20	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	296	21	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	296	22	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	296	23	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	296	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	26	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-4377	296	27	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	296	28	physics	physics	PROPN
easat-4377	296	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	30	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-4377	296	31	series	series	NOUN
easat-4377	296	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	296	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	35	1767	1767	NUM
easat-4377	296	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	37	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	296	38	012033	012033	NUM
easat-4377	296	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	296	40	2021	2021	NUM
easat-4377	296	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	297	1	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1767/1/012033	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1767/1/012033	VERB
easat-4377	298	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	298	2	14	14	NUM
easat-4377	298	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	298	5	jabbar	jabbar	PROPN
easat-4377	298	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	298	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	298	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	298	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	11	a	a	DET
easat-4377	298	12	lesion	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	298	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	14	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	298	15	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	298	16	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	298	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	298	18	through	through	ADP
easat-4377	298	19	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
easat-4377	298	20	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	298	21	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	298	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	24	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	298	25	access	access	NOUN
easat-4377	298	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	27	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	298	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	298	29	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	298	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	31	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	298	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	33	40019	40019	NUM
easat-4377	298	34	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	298	35	40036	40036	NUM
easat-4377	298	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	298	37	2024	2024	NUM
easat-4377	298	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373467	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373467	PROPN
easat-4377	299	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	299	3	15	15	NUM
easat-4377	299	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	299	5	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-4377	299	6	yinghua	yinghua	PROPN
easat-4377	299	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	8	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-4377	299	9	xin	xin	PROPN
easat-4377	299	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	11	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-4377	299	12	ge	ge	PROPN
easat-4377	299	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	14	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-4377	299	15	qing	qing	PROPN
easat-4377	299	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	17	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-4377	299	18	chaoli	chaoli	PROPN
easat-4377	299	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	299	21	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-4377	299	22	dawei	dawei	PROPN
easat-4377	299	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	24	automatic	automatic	ADJ
easat-4377	299	25	grading	grading	NOUN
easat-4377	299	26	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	299	27	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	299	28	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	299	29	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	299	30	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	299	31	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	299	32	endto	endto	NOUN
easat-4377	299	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	34	end	end	NOUN
easat-4377	299	35	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	299	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	299	37	expert	expert	NOUN
easat-4377	299	38	systems	system	NOUN
easat-4377	299	39	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	299	40	applications	application	NOUN
easat-4377	299	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	300	1	elsevier	elsevier	NOUN
easat-4377	300	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	300	3	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	300	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	301	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	301	2	16	16	NUM
easat-4377	301	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	301	4	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-4377	301	5	tu	tu	PROPN
easat-4377	301	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	301	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	301	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	301	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	301	10	sunet	sunet	PROPN
easat-4377	301	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	301	12	a	a	DET
easat-4377	301	13	lesion	lesion	NOUN
easat-4377	301	14	regularized	regularize	VERB
easat-4377	301	15	model	model	NOUN
easat-4377	301	16	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	301	17	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
easat-4377	301	18	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	301	19	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	301	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	301	21	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	301	22	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	301	23	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	301	24	grading	grade	VERB
easat-4377	301	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	302	1	2020	2020	NUM
easat-4377	302	2	ieee	ieee	PROPN
easat-4377	302	3	17th	17th	ADJ
easat-4377	302	4	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	302	5	symposium	symposium	NOUN
easat-4377	302	6	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	302	7	biomedical	biomedical	ADJ
easat-4377	302	8	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	302	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	302	10	isbi	isbi	NOUN
easat-4377	302	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	302	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	302	13	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	302	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	302	15	2020	2020	NUM
easat-4377	302	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	303	2	17	17	NUM
easat-4377	303	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	303	5	suchetha	suchetha	PROPN
easat-4377	303	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	7	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	303	8	rajiv	rajiv	PROPN
easat-4377	303	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	10	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	303	11	ramachandran	ramachandran	PROPN
easat-4377	303	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	303	14	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	303	15	tamilselvi	tamilselvi	PROPN
easat-4377	303	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	18	dl	dl	NOUN
easat-4377	303	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	20	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	303	21	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	303	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	303	23	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	303	24	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	303	25	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	303	26	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	303	27	optical	optical	ADJ
easat-4377	303	28	coherence	coherence	NOUN
easat-4377	303	29	tomography	tomography	NOUN
easat-4377	303	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	303	31	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	303	32	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	303	33	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	34	a	a	DET
easat-4377	303	35	meta	meta	ADJ
easat-4377	303	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	37	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	303	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	39	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	40	indian	indian	ADJ
easat-4377	303	41	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-4377	303	42	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	303	43	ophthalmology	ophthalmology	NOUN
easat-4377	303	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	303	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	303	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	304	1	71	71	NUM
easat-4377	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	304	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	304	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	304	5	5	5	NUM
easat-4377	304	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	304	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	304	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	305	1	1783–1796	1783–1796	NUM
easat-4377	305	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	305	3	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	305	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	306	2	18	18	NUM
easat-4377	306	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	306	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	306	6	gadde	gadde	PROPN
easat-4377	306	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	306	8	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-4377	306	9	v.	v.	PROPN
easat-4377	306	10	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-4377	306	11	kiran	kiran	PROPN
easat-4377	306	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	14	dmercnet	dmercnet	NOUN
easat-4377	306	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	16	a	a	DET
easat-4377	306	17	quirky	quirky	ADJ
easat-4377	306	18	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	306	19	classifier	classifier	NOUN
easat-4377	306	20	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	306	21	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	306	22	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	306	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	306	24	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	306	25	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	306	26	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-4377	306	27	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	306	28	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-4377	306	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	31	presented	present	VERB
easat-4377	306	32	at	at	ADP
easat-4377	306	33	the	the	DET
easat-4377	306	34	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	306	35	ieee	ieee	PROPN
easat-4377	306	36	delhi	delhi	PROPN
easat-4377	306	37	section	section	PROPN
easat-4377	306	38	conference	conference	PROPN
easat-4377	306	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	40	delcon	delcon	NOUN
easat-4377	306	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	43	new	new	PROPN
easat-4377	306	44	delhi	delhi	PROPN
easat-4377	306	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	46	india	india	PROPN
easat-4377	306	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	48	https://doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753571	https://doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753571	PROPN
easat-4377	306	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	306	50	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	306	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	307	2	19	19	NUM
easat-4377	307	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	307	5	albelaihi	albelaihi	PROPN
easat-4377	307	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	307	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-4377	307	8	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-4377	307	9	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
easat-4377	307	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	12	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	307	13	diabetic	diabetic	NOUN
easat-4377	307	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	15	an	an	DET
easat-4377	307	16	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-4377	307	17	system	system	NOUN
easat-4377	307	18	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	307	19	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	307	20	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	307	21	diseases	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	307	22	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	307	23	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	307	24	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-4377	307	25	networks	network	NOUN
easat-4377	307	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	28	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	307	29	access	access	NOUN
easat-4377	307	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	307	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	307	33	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	307	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	35	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	307	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	37	10769	10769	NUM
easat-4377	307	38	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	307	39	10789	10789	NUM
easat-4377	307	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	41	2024	2024	NUM
easat-4377	307	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	307	43	https://doi.org/1076910789.10.1109/access.2024.3354854	https://doi.org/1076910789.10.1109/access.2024.3354854	PUNCT
easat-4377	308	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	308	2	20	20	NUM
easat-4377	308	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	308	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	308	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-4377	309	1	chaudhary	chaudhary	PROPN
easat-4377	309	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	309	3	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	309	4	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-4377	309	5	pachori	pachori	PROPN
easat-4377	309	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	8	automatic	automatic	ADJ
easat-4377	309	9	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	309	10	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	309	11	different	different	ADJ
easat-4377	309	12	grades	grade	NOUN
easat-4377	309	13	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	309	14	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	309	15	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	309	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	309	17	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	309	18	macular	macular	ADJ
easat-4377	309	19	edema	edema	NOUN
easat-4377	309	20	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	309	21	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	309	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	23	d	d	NOUN
easat-4377	309	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	25	fbse	fbse	NOUN
easat-4377	309	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	27	fawt	fawt	NOUN
easat-4377	309	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	30	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	309	31	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-4377	309	32	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	309	33	instrumentation	instrumentation	NOUN
easat-4377	309	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	309	35	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-4377	309	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	309	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	309	39	71	71	NUM
easat-4377	309	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	309	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	309	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	310	1	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	310	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	310	3	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	310	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	310	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	310	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	311	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3140437	https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3140437	PROPN
easat-4377	311	2	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-4377	311	3	https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635242	https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635242	PROPN
easat-4377	311	4	https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025	https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025	PROPN
easat-4377	311	5	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2021.100013	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2021.100013	PROPN
easat-4377	311	6	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3326528	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3326528	PROPN
easat-4377	311	7	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103952	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103952	NOUN
easat-4377	311	8	https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037184.pmid:29060228	https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037184.pmid:29060228	PROPN
easat-4377	311	9	https://doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2018.2840084	https://doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2018.2840084	NOUN
easat-4377	311	10	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1767/1/012033	https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1767/1/012033	VERB
easat-4377	311	11	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373467	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373467	PROPN
easat-4377	311	12	https://doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753571	https://doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753571	PROPN
easat-4377	312	1	https://doi.org/10769-10789.10.1109/access.2024.3354854	https://doi.org/10769-10789.10.1109/access.2024.3354854	PRON
easat-4377	312	2	https://doi.org/10769-10789.10.1109/access.2024.3354854	https://doi.org/10769-10789.10.1109/access.2024.3354854	PRON
easat-4377	312	3	https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3140437	https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3140437	VERB
easat-4377	312	4	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	312	5	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-4377	312	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-4377	312	7	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	312	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	312	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-4377	312	10	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-4377	312	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	312	12	2576	2576	NUM
easat-4377	312	13	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	312	14	8484	8484	NUM
easat-4377	312	15	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	312	16	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	313	1	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	313	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	313	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	313	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	313	5	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	313	6	:	:	SYM
easat-4377	313	7	1207	1207	NUM
easat-4377	313	8	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	313	9	1218	1218	NUM
easat-4377	313	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	313	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	313	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-4377	313	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	313	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4377	NOUN
easat-4377	313	15	©	©	ADP
easat-4377	313	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-4377	313	17	by	by	ADP
easat-4377	313	18	the	the	DET
easat-4377	313	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-4377	313	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-4377	313	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-4377	313	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	313	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-4377	314	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	314	2	21	21	NUM
easat-4377	314	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	314	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-4377	314	5	amin	amin	PROPN
easat-4377	314	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	7	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-4377	314	8	sharif	sharif	PROPN
easat-4377	314	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	314	11	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-4377	314	12	yasmin	yasmin	PROPN
easat-4377	314	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	15	a	a	DET
easat-4377	314	16	review	review	NOUN
easat-4377	314	17	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	314	18	recent	recent	ADJ
easat-4377	314	19	developments	development	NOUN
easat-4377	314	20	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	314	21	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	314	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	314	23	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	314	24	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	314	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	27	scientifica	scientifica	PROPN
easat-4377	314	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	314	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	314	31	2016	2016	NUM
easat-4377	314	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	314	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	314	35	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	314	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	37	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	314	38	6838976	6838976	NUM
easat-4377	314	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	314	40	2016	2016	NUM
easat-4377	314	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	1	https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6838976	https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6838976	VERB
easat-4377	315	2	[	[	NOUN
easat-4377	315	3	22	22	NUM
easat-4377	315	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	315	5	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-4377	315	6	atteia	atteia	PROPN
easat-4377	315	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	8	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-4377	315	9	abdel	abdel	PROPN
easat-4377	315	10	samee	samee	PROPN
easat-4377	315	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	315	13	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-4377	315	14	zohair	zohair	PROPN
easat-4377	315	15	hassan	hassan	PROPN
easat-4377	315	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	18	dftsa	dftsa	NOUN
easat-4377	315	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	20	net	net	NOUN
easat-4377	315	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	22	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	315	23	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	315	24	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-4377	315	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	26	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	315	27	stacked	stack	VERB
easat-4377	315	28	autoencoder	autoencoder	NOUN
easat-4377	315	29	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	315	30	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	315	31	dme	dme	NOUN
easat-4377	315	32	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	315	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	35	entropy	entropy	NOUN
easat-4377	315	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	315	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	315	39	23	23	NUM
easat-4377	315	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	41	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	315	42	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	315	43	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	315	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	45	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	315	46	1251	1251	NUM
easat-4377	315	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	315	48	2021	2021	NUM
easat-4377	315	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	316	2	23	23	NUM
easat-4377	316	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	4	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-4377	316	5	chen	chen	PROPN
easat-4377	316	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	316	8	xia	xia	PROPN
easat-4377	316	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	10	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-4377	316	11	chen	chen	PROPN
easat-4377	316	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	13	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-4377	316	14	wang	wang	PROPN
easat-4377	316	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	316	17	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-4377	316	18	wang	wang	PROPN
easat-4377	316	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	21	rsmote	rsmote	VERB
easat-4377	316	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	23	a	a	DET
easat-4377	316	24	self	self	NOUN
easat-4377	316	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	26	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-4377	316	27	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-4377	316	28	smote	smote	NOUN
easat-4377	316	29	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	316	30	imbalanced	imbalanced	ADJ
easat-4377	316	31	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-4377	316	32	with	with	ADP
easat-4377	316	33	label	label	NOUN
easat-4377	316	34	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-4377	316	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	37	information	information	NOUN
easat-4377	316	38	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-4377	316	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	316	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	316	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	317	1	553	553	NUM
easat-4377	317	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	317	3	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	317	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	318	1	397	397	NUM
easat-4377	318	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	318	3	428	428	NUM
easat-4377	318	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	318	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-4377	318	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	319	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2020.10.013	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2020.10.013	VERB
easat-4377	320	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	320	2	24	24	NUM
easat-4377	320	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	320	4	v.	v.	CCONJ
easat-4377	320	5	cheplygina	cheplygina	NOUN
easat-4377	320	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	7	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	320	8	de	de	X
easat-4377	320	9	bruijne	bruijne	PROPN
easat-4377	320	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	320	12	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-4377	320	13	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-4377	320	14	pluim	pluim	PROPN
easat-4377	320	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	17	not	not	PART
easat-4377	320	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	19	so	so	ADV
easat-4377	320	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	21	supervised	supervised	ADJ
easat-4377	320	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	23	a	a	DET
easat-4377	320	24	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-4377	320	25	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	320	26	semi	semi	ADJ
easat-4377	320	27	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	320	28	supervised	supervised	ADJ
easat-4377	320	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	30	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-4377	320	31	-	-	NOUN
easat-4377	320	32	instance	instance	NOUN
easat-4377	320	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	320	35	transfer	transfer	VERB
easat-4377	320	36	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	320	37	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	320	38	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	320	39	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	320	40	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	320	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	42	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	43	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	320	44	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	320	45	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-4377	320	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	320	47	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	320	48	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	321	1	54	54	NUM
easat-4377	321	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	321	3	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	321	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	322	1	280	280	NUM
easat-4377	322	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	322	3	296	296	NUM
easat-4377	322	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	322	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	322	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	323	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.03.009	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.03.009	X
easat-4377	323	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	323	3	25	25	NUM
easat-4377	323	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	323	5	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-4377	323	6	decenciere	decenciere	PROPN
easat-4377	323	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	324	1	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	324	2	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	324	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	324	4	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	324	5	teleophta	teleophta	ADJ
easat-4377	324	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	324	7	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-4377	324	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	324	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	324	10	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	324	11	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-4377	324	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-4377	324	13	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	324	14	teleophthalmology	teleophthalmology	NOUN
easat-4377	324	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	324	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	324	17	irbm	irbm	NOUN
easat-4377	324	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	324	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	324	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	325	1	34	34	NUM
easat-4377	325	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	325	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	325	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	325	5	2	2	NUM
easat-4377	325	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	325	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	325	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	326	1	196	196	NUM
easat-4377	326	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	326	3	203	203	NUM
easat-4377	326	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	326	5	2013	2013	NUM
easat-4377	326	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2013.01.010	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2013.01.010	NOUN
easat-4377	327	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	327	3	26	26	NUM
easat-4377	327	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	5	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	327	6	saeedi	saeedi	PROPN
easat-4377	327	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	327	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	327	9	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	327	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	12	global	global	ADJ
easat-4377	327	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	327	14	regional	regional	ADJ
easat-4377	327	15	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	327	16	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
easat-4377	327	17	estimates	estimate	NOUN
easat-4377	327	18	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	327	19	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	327	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	327	21	projections	projection	NOUN
easat-4377	327	22	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	327	23	2030	2030	NUM
easat-4377	327	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	327	25	2045	2045	NUM
easat-4377	327	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	27	results	result	NOUN
easat-4377	327	28	from	from	ADP
easat-4377	327	29	the	the	DET
easat-4377	327	30	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	327	31	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	327	32	federation	federation	NOUN
easat-4377	327	33	diabetes	diabetes	PROPN
easat-4377	327	34	atlas	atlas	PROPN
easat-4377	327	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	37	diabetes	diabetes	NOUN
easat-4377	327	38	research	research	NOUN
easat-4377	327	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	327	40	clinical	clinical	ADJ
easat-4377	327	41	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-4377	327	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	327	44	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	327	45	157	157	NUM
easat-4377	327	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	47	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	327	48	107843	107843	NUM
easat-4377	327	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	327	50	2019	2019	NUM
easat-4377	327	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843	PROPN
easat-4377	328	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	328	3	27	27	NUM
easat-4377	328	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	328	5	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-4377	328	6	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-4377	328	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	328	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	328	9	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	328	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	12	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-4377	328	13	graph	graph	NOUN
easat-4377	328	14	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	328	15	network	network	NOUN
easat-4377	328	16	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	328	17	semi	semi	ADJ
easat-4377	328	18	-	-	ADJ
easat-4377	328	19	supervised	supervised	ADJ
easat-4377	328	20	retinal	retinal	ADJ
easat-4377	328	21	image	image	NOUN
easat-4377	328	22	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	328	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	25	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	328	26	access	access	NOUN
easat-4377	328	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	328	29	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	328	30	9	9	NUM
easat-4377	328	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	328	32	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	328	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	329	1	35778	35778	NUM
easat-4377	329	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	329	3	35789	35789	NUM
easat-4377	329	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	329	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-4377	329	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	330	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690	NOUN
easat-4377	331	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	331	2	28	28	NUM
easat-4377	331	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	331	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	6	patil	patil	PROPN
easat-4377	331	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	9	chickerur	chickerur	PROPN
easat-4377	331	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	11	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	12	abhimalya	abhimalya	NOUN
easat-4377	331	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	14	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	15	naik	naik	PROPN
easat-4377	331	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	17	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	18	kumari	kumari	PROPN
easat-4377	331	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	331	21	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	22	maurya	maurya	PROPN
easat-4377	331	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	25	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-4377	331	26	dl	dl	PROPN
easat-4377	331	27	data	data	NOUN
easat-4377	331	28	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	331	29	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	331	30	for	for	ADP
easat-4377	331	31	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	331	32	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	331	33	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	331	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	35	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	36	procedia	procedia	NOUN
easat-4377	331	37	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-4377	331	38	science	science	NOUN
easat-4377	331	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	331	41	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	331	42	218	218	NUM
easat-4377	331	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	331	44	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	331	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	332	1	1156	1156	NUM
easat-4377	332	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	332	3	1165	1165	NUM
easat-4377	332	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	332	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-4377	332	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	333	2	29	29	NUM
easat-4377	333	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	333	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	333	6	farag	farag	PROPN
easat-4377	333	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	8	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	333	9	fouad	fouad	PROPN
easat-4377	333	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	333	12	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	333	13	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-4377	333	14	abdel	abdel	PROPN
easat-4377	333	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	16	hamid	hamid	PROPN
easat-4377	333	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	19	automatic	automatic	ADJ
easat-4377	333	20	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	333	21	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	333	22	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	333	23	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	333	24	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	333	25	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	333	26	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	333	27	densenet	densenet	NOUN
easat-4377	333	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	333	29	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-4377	333	30	block	block	NOUN
easat-4377	333	31	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-4377	333	32	module	module	NOUN
easat-4377	333	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	35	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	333	36	access	access	NOUN
easat-4377	333	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	333	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	333	40	10	10	NUM
easat-4377	333	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	333	42	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	333	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	334	1	38299	38299	NUM
easat-4377	334	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	334	3	38308	38308	NUM
easat-4377	334	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	334	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-4377	334	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	335	2	30	30	NUM
easat-4377	335	3	]	]	X
easat-4377	335	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	335	5	niemeijer	niemeijer	NOUN
easat-4377	335	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-4377	335	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	335	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	335	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	11	retinopathy	retinopathy	ADJ
easat-4377	335	12	online	online	ADJ
easat-4377	335	13	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-4377	335	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	15	automatic	automatic	ADJ
easat-4377	335	16	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	335	17	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	335	18	microaneurysms	microaneurysm	NOUN
easat-4377	335	19	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	335	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-4377	335	21	color	color	NOUN
easat-4377	335	22	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	335	23	photographs	photograph	NOUN
easat-4377	335	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	26	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	335	27	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-4377	335	28	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	335	29	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	335	30	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	335	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	32	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	335	33	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	335	34	29	29	NUM
easat-4377	335	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	36	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	335	37	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	335	38	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	335	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	335	40	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	335	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	336	1	185	185	NUM
easat-4377	336	2	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	336	3	195	195	NUM
easat-4377	336	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	336	5	2009	2009	NUM
easat-4377	336	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	337	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2033909	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2033909	PROPN
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easat-4377	338	2	31	31	NUM
easat-4377	338	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	338	5	aizaldeen	aizaldeen	PROPN
easat-4377	338	6	abdullah	abdullah	PROPN
easat-4377	338	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	8	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	338	9	aldhahab	aldhahab	PROPN
easat-4377	338	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	338	12	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-4377	338	13	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	338	14	al	al	PROPN
easat-4377	338	15	abboodi	abboodi	PROPN
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easat-4377	338	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	18	review	review	NOUN
easat-4377	338	19	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	338	20	eye	eye	NOUN
easat-4377	338	21	diseases	disease	NOUN
easat-4377	338	22	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-4377	338	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	338	24	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-4377	338	25	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	338	26	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	338	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	338	28	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-4377	338	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	31	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	338	32	bio	bio	PROPN
easat-4377	338	33	web	web	NOUN
easat-4377	338	34	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	338	35	conferences	conference	NOUN
easat-4377	338	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	37	2024	2024	NUM
easat-4377	338	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	338	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	338	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	339	1	97	97	NUM
easat-4377	339	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-4377	339	3	edp	edp	NOUN
easat-4377	339	4	sciences	sciences	PROPN
easat-4377	339	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	339	6	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	339	7	00012	00012	NUM
easat-4377	339	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	340	2	32	32	NUM
easat-4377	340	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-4377	340	5	wang	wang	PROPN
easat-4377	340	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	7	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-4377	340	8	bai	bai	PROPN
easat-4377	340	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	340	11	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-4377	340	12	xia	xia	PROPN
easat-4377	340	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	15	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
easat-4377	340	16	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
easat-4377	340	17	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	340	18	severity	severity	NOUN
easat-4377	340	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	340	20	features	feature	NOUN
easat-4377	340	21	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	340	22	diabetic	diabetic	ADJ
easat-4377	340	23	retinopathy	retinopathy	NOUN
easat-4377	340	24	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	340	25	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	340	26	photography	photography	NOUN
easat-4377	340	27	using	use	VERB
easat-4377	340	28	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-4377	340	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-4377	340	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	32	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	340	33	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-4377	340	34	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	340	35	biomedical	biomedical	ADJ
easat-4377	340	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	340	37	health	health	NOUN
easat-4377	340	38	informatics	informatic	NOUN
easat-4377	340	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	340	41	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	340	42	24	24	NUM
easat-4377	340	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	44	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	340	45	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	340	46	12	12	NUM
easat-4377	340	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	48	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	340	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	50	3397	3397	NUM
easat-4377	340	51	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	340	52	3407	3407	NUM
easat-4377	340	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	340	54	2020	2020	NUM
easat-4377	340	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	341	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2020.3012547	https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2020.3012547	PROPN
easat-4377	342	1	[	[	X
easat-4377	342	2	33	33	NUM
easat-4377	342	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-4377	342	5	staal	staal	PROPN
easat-4377	342	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	7	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	342	8	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-4377	342	9	abràmoff	abràmoff	PROPN
easat-4377	342	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	11	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	342	12	niemeijer	niemeijer	PROPN
easat-4377	342	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	14	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-4377	342	15	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-4377	342	16	viergever	viergever	ADV
easat-4377	342	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	342	19	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-4377	342	20	van	van	PROPN
easat-4377	342	21	ginneken	ginneken	PROPN
easat-4377	342	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	24	ridge	ridge	NOUN
easat-4377	342	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	26	based	base	VERB
easat-4377	342	27	vessel	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	342	28	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	342	29	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	342	30	color	color	NOUN
easat-4377	342	31	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	342	32	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	342	33	the	the	DET
easat-4377	342	34	retina	retina	NOUN
easat-4377	342	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	37	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-4377	342	38	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-4377	342	39	on	on	ADP
easat-4377	342	40	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-4377	342	41	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	342	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	342	44	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	342	45	23	23	NUM
easat-4377	342	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	47	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	342	48	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	342	49	4	4	NUM
easat-4377	342	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	51	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-4377	342	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	53	501	501	NUM
easat-4377	342	54	-	-	SYM
easat-4377	342	55	509	509	NUM
easat-4377	342	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	342	57	2004	2004	NUM
easat-4377	342	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825627	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825627	NOUN
easat-4377	343	2	[	[	X
easat-4377	343	3	34	34	NUM
easat-4377	343	4	]	]	X
easat-4377	343	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	343	6	budai	budai	PROPN
easat-4377	343	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	8	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-4377	343	9	bock	bock	PROPN
easat-4377	343	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	11	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-4377	343	12	maier	maier	PROPN
easat-4377	343	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	14	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-4377	343	15	hornegger	hornegger	PROPN
easat-4377	343	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-4377	343	18	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-4377	343	19	michelson	michelson	PROPN
easat-4377	343	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	22	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-4377	343	23	vessel	vessel	NOUN
easat-4377	343	24	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-4377	343	25	in	in	ADP
easat-4377	343	26	fundus	fundus	NOUN
easat-4377	343	27	images	image	NOUN
easat-4377	343	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	30	international	international	ADJ
easat-4377	343	31	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-4377	343	32	of	of	ADP
easat-4377	343	33	biomedical	biomedical	ADJ
easat-4377	343	34	imaging	imaging	NOUN
easat-4377	343	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	36	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-4377	343	37	.	.	PROPN
easat-4377	343	38	2013	2013	NUM
easat-4377	343	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	40	no	no	INTJ
easat-4377	343	41	.	.	NOUN
easat-4377	343	42	1	1	NUM
easat-4377	343	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	44	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-4377	343	45	154860	154860	NUM
easat-4377	343	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-4377	343	47	2013	2013	NUM
easat-4377	343	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-4377	344	1	https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/154860	https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/154860	PROPN
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easat-4377	344	3	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2020.10.013	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2020.10.013	PROPN
easat-4377	344	4	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.03.009	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2019.03.009	PROPN
easat-4377	344	5	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2013.01.010	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2013.01.010	NOUN
easat-4377	344	6	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843	PROPN
easat-4377	344	7	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690	PROPN
easat-4377	344	8	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2033909	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2033909	NOUN
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easat-4377	344	10	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825627	https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825627	PROPN
easat-4377	344	11	https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/154860	https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/154860	PROPN