id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-5241	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	2	5	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	2	7	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	2	9	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-5241	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5241	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-5241	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	1	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	3	2	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	3	3	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	3	4	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	3	5	the	the	DET
easat-5241	3	6	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	3	7	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	8	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	3	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	3	10	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	3	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	3	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	3	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	3	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	3	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	3	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	3	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	3	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	3	20	history	history	NOUN
easat-5241	3	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	22	received	receive	VERB
easat-5241	3	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	24	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	3	25	january	january	NOUN
easat-5241	3	26	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	3	27	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	28	revised	revise	VERB
easat-5241	3	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	30	19	19	NUM
easat-5241	3	31	february	february	NOUN
easat-5241	3	32	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	3	33	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	34	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5241	3	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	36	20	20	NUM
easat-5241	3	37	february	february	NOUN
easat-5241	3	38	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	3	39	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	40	published	publish	VERB
easat-5241	3	41	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	42	7	7	NUM
easat-5241	3	43	march	march	NOUN
easat-5241	3	44	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	3	45	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5241	3	46	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-5241	3	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	1	quynhnam@tueba.edu.vn	quynhnam@tueba.edu.vn	ADJ
easat-5241	4	2	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-5241	4	3	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	4	4	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	4	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	4	6	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	4	7	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	4	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	4	9	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	4	10	pham	pham	PROPN
easat-5241	4	11	viet	viet	PROPN
easat-5241	4	12	thang1	thang1	PROPN
easat-5241	4	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	14	trinh	trinh	PROPN
easat-5241	4	15	thanh	thanh	PROPN
easat-5241	4	16	tung2	tung2	PROPN
easat-5241	4	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	18	nguyen	nguyen	PROPN
easat-5241	4	19	thi	thi	PROPN
easat-5241	4	20	anh	anh	PROPN
easat-5241	4	21	thu3	thu3	PROPN
easat-5241	4	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	23	vu	vu	PROPN
easat-5241	4	24	quynh	quynh	PROPN
easat-5241	4	25	nam4	nam4	PROPN
easat-5241	4	26	*	*	PROPN
easat-5241	4	27	1,2,3hanoi	1,2,3hanoi	NUM
easat-5241	4	28	school	school	NOUN
easat-5241	4	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	4	30	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	4	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	4	32	management	management	NOUN
easat-5241	4	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	34	hsb	hsb	PROPN
easat-5241	4	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	36	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	4	37	national	national	PROPN
easat-5241	4	38	university	university	PROPN
easat-5241	4	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	40	hanoi	hanoi	PROPN
easat-5241	4	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	42	vnu	vnu	PROPN
easat-5241	4	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	45	b1	b1	NOUN
easat-5241	4	46	building	building	NOUN
easat-5241	4	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	48	144	144	NUM
easat-5241	4	49	xuan	xuan	PROPN
easat-5241	4	50	thuy	thuy	PROPN
easat-5241	4	51	street	street	PROPN
easat-5241	4	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	53	cau	cau	PROPN
easat-5241	4	54	giay	giay	PROPN
easat-5241	4	55	dist	dist	PROPN
easat-5241	4	56	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	58	hanoi	hanoi	PROPN
easat-5241	4	59	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	60	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	4	61	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	62	pvthang@vnu.edu.vn	pvthang@vnu.edu.vn	NOUN
easat-5241	4	63	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	64	p.v.t	p.v.t	PROPN
easat-5241	4	65	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	4	66	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	5	1	tungtt@hsb.edu.vn	tungtt@hsb.edu.vn	PROPN
easat-5241	5	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	5	3	t.t.t	t.t.t	NOUN
easat-5241	5	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	5	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	6	1	thunta@hsb.edu.vn	thunta@hsb.edu.vn	NOUN
easat-5241	6	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	6	3	n.t.t	n.t.t	PROPN
easat-5241	6	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	6	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	1	4thai	4thai	NUM
easat-5241	7	2	nguyen	nguyen	PROPN
easat-5241	7	3	university	university	PROPN
easat-5241	7	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	7	5	economics	economics	PROPN
easat-5241	7	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	7	7	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	7	8	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-5241	7	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	10	tan	tan	PROPN
easat-5241	7	11	thinh	thinh	PROPN
easat-5241	7	12	ward	ward	PROPN
easat-5241	7	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	14	thai	thai	PROPN
easat-5241	7	15	nguyen	nguyen	PROPN
easat-5241	7	16	city	city	PROPN
easat-5241	7	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	18	thai	thai	PROPN
easat-5241	7	19	nguyen	nguyen	PROPN
easat-5241	7	20	province	province	PROPN
easat-5241	7	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	22	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	7	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	24	quynhnam@tueba.edu.vn	quynhnam@tueba.edu.vn	PROPN
easat-5241	7	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	26	v.q.n	v.q.n	NOUN
easat-5241	7	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	7	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	8	1	abstract	abstract	NOUN
easat-5241	8	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	8	3	this	this	DET
easat-5241	8	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	8	5	aims	aim	VERB
easat-5241	8	6	to	to	PART
easat-5241	8	7	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5241	8	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	8	9	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	8	10	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5241	8	11	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	8	12	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	8	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	8	14	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	8	15	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	8	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	8	17	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	8	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	9	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	9	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	9	3	employs	employ	VERB
easat-5241	9	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	9	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	9	6	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5241	9	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	10	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	10	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5241	10	3	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-5241	10	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	10	5	human	human	ADJ
easat-5241	10	6	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5241	10	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	10	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	10	9	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5241	10	10	to	to	PART
easat-5241	10	11	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-5241	10	12	installed	instal	VERB
easat-5241	10	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	10	14	positively	positively	ADV
easat-5241	10	15	impact	impact	VERB
easat-5241	10	16	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	10	17	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	10	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	11	1	these	these	DET
easat-5241	11	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5241	11	3	align	align	VERB
easat-5241	11	4	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	11	5	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-5241	11	6	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5241	11	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	12	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	12	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	12	3	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5241	12	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	12	5	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5241	12	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-5241	12	7	to	to	PART
easat-5241	12	8	assist	assist	VERB
easat-5241	12	9	managers	manager	NOUN
easat-5241	12	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	12	11	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5241	12	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	12	13	formulating	formulate	VERB
easat-5241	12	14	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-5241	12	15	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5241	12	16	to	to	PART
easat-5241	12	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	12	18	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	12	19	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	12	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	13	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-5241	13	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	13	3	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	13	4	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	13	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	13	6	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	13	7	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	13	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	13	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	13	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	14	1	1	1	X
easat-5241	14	2	.	.	X
easat-5241	14	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-5241	14	4	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	14	5	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	14	6	affects	affect	VERB
easat-5241	14	7	not	not	PART
easat-5241	14	8	only	only	ADV
easat-5241	14	9	the	the	DET
easat-5241	14	10	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
easat-5241	14	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	14	12	living	living	NOUN
easat-5241	14	13	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-5241	14	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	14	15	an	an	DET
easat-5241	14	16	entire	entire	ADJ
easat-5241	14	17	nation	nation	NOUN
easat-5241	14	18	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	14	19	also	also	ADV
easat-5241	14	20	the	the	DET
easat-5241	14	21	survival	survival	NOUN
easat-5241	14	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	14	23	expansion	expansion	NOUN
easat-5241	14	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	14	25	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	14	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	15	1	today	today	NOUN
easat-5241	15	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	15	3	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	15	4	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-5241	15	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	15	6	including	include	VERB
easat-5241	15	7	economists	economist	NOUN
easat-5241	15	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	15	9	managers	manager	NOUN
easat-5241	15	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	15	11	focus	focus	VERB
easat-5241	15	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	15	13	this	this	DET
easat-5241	15	14	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-5241	15	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	16	1	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5241	16	2	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
easat-5241	16	3	strive	strive	VERB
easat-5241	16	4	to	to	PART
easat-5241	16	5	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5241	16	6	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	16	7	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	16	8	to	to	PART
easat-5241	16	9	escape	escape	VERB
easat-5241	16	10	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-5241	16	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	16	12	transform	transform	VERB
easat-5241	16	13	into	into	ADP
easat-5241	16	14	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-5241	16	15	industrial	industrial	ADJ
easat-5241	16	16	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5241	16	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	17	1	given	give	VERB
easat-5241	17	2	input	input	NOUN
easat-5241	17	3	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	17	4	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	17	5	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	17	6	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5241	17	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	17	8	land	land	NOUN
easat-5241	17	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	17	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	17	11	need	need	NOUN
easat-5241	17	12	to	to	PART
easat-5241	17	13	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	17	14	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	17	15	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	17	16	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	17	17	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	17	18	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	17	19	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	17	20	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-5241	17	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	18	1	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-5241	18	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	18	3	influence	influence	VERB
easat-5241	18	4	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	18	5	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	18	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	19	1	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-5241	19	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	19	3	studying	study	VERB
easat-5241	19	4	these	these	DET
easat-5241	19	5	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	19	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	19	7	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5241	19	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	19	9	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5241	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	19	11	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-5241	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	19	13	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-5241	19	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	19	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	19	16	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	19	17	owners	owner	NOUN
easat-5241	19	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	20	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	20	2	the	the	DET
easat-5241	20	3	context	context	NOUN
easat-5241	20	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	20	5	international	international	ADJ
easat-5241	20	6	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	20	7	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-5241	20	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	20	9	intense	intense	ADJ
easat-5241	20	10	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-5241	20	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	20	12	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5241	20	13	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	20	14	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	20	15	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	20	16	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5241	20	17	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	20	18	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	20	19	survival	survival	NOUN
easat-5241	20	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	20	21	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	20	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	21	1	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	21	2	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	21	3	a	a	DET
easat-5241	21	4	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5241	21	5	measure	measure	NOUN
easat-5241	21	6	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-5241	21	7	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	21	8	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-5241	21	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	21	10	can	can	AUX
easat-5241	21	11	be	be	AUX
easat-5241	21	12	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-5241	21	13	at	at	ADP
easat-5241	21	14	different	different	ADJ
easat-5241	21	15	levels	level	NOUN
easat-5241	21	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	21	17	national	national	ADJ
easat-5241	21	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	21	19	industrial	industrial	ADJ
easat-5241	21	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	21	21	organizational	organizational	ADJ
easat-5241	21	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	21	23	corporate	corporate	ADJ
easat-5241	21	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	21	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	21	26	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-5241	21	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	22	1	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	22	2	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	22	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	22	4	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	22	5	play	play	VERB
easat-5241	22	6	a	a	DET
easat-5241	22	7	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-5241	22	8	role	role	NOUN
easat-5241	22	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	22	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	22	11	national	national	ADJ
easat-5241	22	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5241	22	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	22	14	most	most	ADJ
easat-5241	22	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	22	16	which	which	PRON
easat-5241	22	17	are	be	AUX
easat-5241	22	18	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5241	22	19	new	new	ADJ
easat-5241	22	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	23	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-5241	23	2	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	23	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	23	4	general	general	ADJ
easat-5241	23	5	statistics	statistics	PROPN
easat-5241	23	6	office	office	PROPN
easat-5241	23	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	23	8	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	23	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	23	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	23	11	the	the	DET
easat-5241	23	12	number	number	NOUN
easat-5241	23	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	23	14	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	23	15	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	23	16	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	23	17	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5241	23	18	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	23	19	45,742	45,742	NUM
easat-5241	23	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	23	21	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	23	22	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	23	23	111,077	111,077	NUM
easat-5241	23	24	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	23	25	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5241	23	26	[	[	X
easat-5241	23	27	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	23	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	23	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	24	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5241	24	2	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	24	3	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	24	4	accounted	account	VERB
easat-5241	24	5	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	24	6	only	only	ADV
easat-5241	24	7	15.4	15.4	NUM
easat-5241	24	8	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	24	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	24	10	all	all	DET
easat-5241	24	11	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	24	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	24	13	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	24	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	24	15	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5241	24	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	24	17	their	their	PRON
easat-5241	24	18	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	24	19	contributed	contribute	VERB
easat-5241	24	20	39.4	39.4	NUM
easat-5241	24	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	24	22	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	24	23	the	the	DET
easat-5241	24	24	total	total	ADJ
easat-5241	24	25	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	24	26	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	24	27	[	[	X
easat-5241	24	28	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	24	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	24	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	25	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-5241	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	25	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	25	4	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	25	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	25	6	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	25	7	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	25	8	represents	represent	VERB
easat-5241	25	9	a	a	DET
easat-5241	25	10	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	25	11	share	share	NOUN
easat-5241	25	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	25	13	the	the	DET
easat-5241	25	14	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	25	15	market	market	NOUN
easat-5241	25	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	26	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	26	2	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5241	26	3	annual	annual	ADJ
easat-5241	26	4	report	report	NOUN
easat-5241	26	5	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	26	6	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
easat-5241	26	7	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	26	8	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	26	9	the	the	DET
easat-5241	26	10	irwin	irwin	PROPN
easat-5241	27	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	27	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5241	27	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	27	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	27	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	27	6	the	the	DET
easat-5241	27	7	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	27	8	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	27	9	employed	employ	VERB
easat-5241	27	10	7.6	7.6	NUM
easat-5241	27	11	million	million	NUM
easat-5241	27	12	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	27	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	27	14	accounting	account	VERB
easat-5241	27	15	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	27	16	51.3	51.3	NUM
easat-5241	27	17	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	27	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	27	19	the	the	DET
easat-5241	27	20	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	27	21	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	27	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	27	23	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5241	27	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	28	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	28	2	management	management	NOUN
easat-5241	28	3	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-5241	28	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	28	5	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	28	6	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	28	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	28	8	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
easat-5241	28	9	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	28	10	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	28	11	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5241	28	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	29	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-5241	29	2	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	29	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	29	4	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5241	29	5	global	global	ADJ
easat-5241	29	6	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
easat-5241	29	7	index	index	NOUN
easat-5241	29	8	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	29	9	the	the	DET
easat-5241	29	10	world	world	PROPN
easat-5241	29	11	economic	economic	PROPN
easat-5241	29	12	forum	forum	PROPN
easat-5241	29	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	29	14	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	29	15	ranked	rank	VERB
easat-5241	29	16	67th	67th	NOUN
easat-5241	29	17	out	out	ADP
easat-5241	29	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	29	19	141	141	NUM
easat-5241	29	20	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5241	29	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	30	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	30	2	a	a	DET
easat-5241	30	3	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-5241	30	4	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	30	5	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5241	30	6	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	30	7	managerial	managerial	ADJ
easat-5241	30	8	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-5241	30	9	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-5241	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	30	11	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-5241	30	12	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-5241	30	13	drivers	driver	NOUN
easat-5241	30	14	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	30	15	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-5241	30	16	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	30	17	to	to	PART
easat-5241	30	18	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	30	19	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
easat-5241	30	20	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	30	21	a	a	DET
easat-5241	30	22	top	top	ADJ
easat-5241	30	23	concern	concern	NOUN
easat-5241	30	24	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	30	25	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	30	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	30	27	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	30	28	small	small	ADJ
easat-5241	30	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	30	30	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-5241	30	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	30	32	sized	sized	ADJ
easat-5241	30	33	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	30	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	30	35	smes	sme	NOUN
easat-5241	30	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	30	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	1	companies	company	NOUN
easat-5241	31	2	must	must	AUX
easat-5241	31	3	focus	focus	VERB
easat-5241	31	4	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	31	5	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-5241	31	6	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	31	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	8	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	31	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	31	10	marketing	marketing	NOUN
easat-5241	31	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	31	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	31	14	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	31	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	16	r&d	r&d	NOUN
easat-5241	31	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	19	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-5241	31	20	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	31	21	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-5241	31	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	31	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	31	24	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	31	25	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	31	26	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-5241	31	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	32	1	these	these	DET
easat-5241	32	2	areas	area	NOUN
easat-5241	32	3	receive	receive	VERB
easat-5241	32	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	32	5	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-5241	32	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	32	7	priority	priority	NOUN
easat-5241	32	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	33	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	33	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	33	3	explores	explore	VERB
easat-5241	33	4	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	33	5	affecting	affect	VERB
easat-5241	33	6	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	33	7	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	33	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	33	9	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	33	10	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	33	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	33	12	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	33	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	34	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	34	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	34	3	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-1471	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-1471	PROPN
easat-5241	34	4	https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3807-5414	https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3807-5414	NOUN
easat-5241	34	5	https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9950-639x	https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9950-639x	PROPN
easat-5241	34	6	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-620x	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-620x	PROPN
easat-5241	34	7	472	472	NUM
easat-5241	34	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	34	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	34	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	34	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	34	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	34	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	34	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	34	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	34	16	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	34	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	34	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	34	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	35	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	35	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	35	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	36	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	36	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	36	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	36	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	36	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	36	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	36	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	36	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	36	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	36	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	36	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	36	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	36	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	36	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	36	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	36	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	36	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	36	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5241	36	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5241	36	20	aims	aim	VERB
easat-5241	36	21	to	to	PART
easat-5241	36	22	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-5241	36	23	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	36	24	existing	exist	VERB
easat-5241	36	25	theories	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	36	26	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	36	27	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	36	28	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	36	29	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5241	36	30	providing	provide	VERB
easat-5241	36	31	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5241	36	32	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5241	36	33	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	36	34	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
easat-5241	36	35	managers	manager	NOUN
easat-5241	36	36	to	to	PART
easat-5241	36	37	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	36	38	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	36	39	within	within	ADP
easat-5241	36	40	their	their	PRON
easat-5241	36	41	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-5241	36	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	37	1	2	2	X
easat-5241	37	2	.	.	X
easat-5241	37	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5241	37	4	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5241	37	5	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	37	6	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	37	7	affecting	affect	VERB
easat-5241	37	8	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	37	9	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	37	10	based	base	VERB
easat-5241	37	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	37	12	coelli	coelli	PROPN
easat-5241	37	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	37	14	et	et	PROPN
easat-5241	37	15	al	al	PROPN
easat-5241	37	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	38	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	38	2	3	3	X
easat-5241	38	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	38	4	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-5241	38	5	four	four	NUM
easat-5241	38	6	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	38	7	affecting	affect	VERB
easat-5241	38	8	total	total	ADJ
easat-5241	38	9	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	38	10	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	38	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	38	12	tfp	tfp	PROPN
easat-5241	38	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	38	14	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	38	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	38	16	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-5241	38	17	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5241	38	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	38	19	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5241	38	20	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5241	38	21	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-5241	38	22	the	the	DET
easat-5241	38	23	determinants	determinant	NOUN
easat-5241	38	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	38	25	tfp	tfp	PROPN
easat-5241	38	26	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	38	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	39	1	romer	romer	VERB
easat-5241	40	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	40	2	4	4	NUM
easat-5241	40	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	40	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	40	5	lucas	lucas	PROPN
easat-5241	40	6	jr	jr	PROPN
easat-5241	41	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	41	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	41	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	41	4	developed	develop	VERB
easat-5241	41	5	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
easat-5241	41	6	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	41	7	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	41	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	41	9	explaining	explain	VERB
easat-5241	41	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	41	11	origins	origin	NOUN
easat-5241	41	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	41	13	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	41	14	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-5241	41	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	41	16	classical	classical	ADJ
easat-5241	41	17	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	41	18	theories	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	41	19	could	could	AUX
easat-5241	41	20	not	not	PART
easat-5241	41	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	42	1	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
easat-5241	42	2	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	42	3	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	42	4	does	do	AUX
easat-5241	42	5	not	not	PART
easat-5241	42	6	consider	consider	VERB
easat-5241	42	7	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	42	8	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-5241	42	9	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	42	10	an	an	DET
easat-5241	42	11	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
easat-5241	42	12	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	42	13	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	42	14	attributes	attribute	VERB
easat-5241	42	15	it	it	PRON
easat-5241	42	16	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	42	17	influences	influence	NOUN
easat-5241	42	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	42	19	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	42	20	human	human	ADJ
easat-5241	42	21	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5241	42	22	lucas	lucas	PROPN
easat-5241	42	23	jr	jr	PROPN
easat-5241	43	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	43	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	43	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	43	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	43	5	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	43	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	43	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	43	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	43	9	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	43	10	[	[	X
easat-5241	43	11	4	4	NUM
easat-5241	43	12	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	43	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	44	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-5241	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	44	3	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-5241	44	4	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	44	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5241	44	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	44	7	commerce	commerce	NOUN
easat-5241	44	8	increases	increase	VERB
easat-5241	44	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5241	44	10	related	relate	VERB
easat-5241	44	11	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	44	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	44	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	44	14	leading	lead	VERB
easat-5241	44	15	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	44	16	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	44	17	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-5241	44	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	44	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	44	20	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-5241	44	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	44	22	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5241	44	23	total	total	ADJ
easat-5241	44	24	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	44	25	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	44	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	45	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	45	2	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	45	3	argues	argue	VERB
easat-5241	45	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	45	5	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	45	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5241	45	7	spreads	spread	VERB
easat-5241	45	8	through	through	ADP
easat-5241	45	9	various	various	ADJ
easat-5241	45	10	channels	channel	NOUN
easat-5241	45	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	45	12	including	include	VERB
easat-5241	45	13	imports	import	NOUN
easat-5241	45	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	45	15	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-5241	45	16	goods	good	NOUN
easat-5241	45	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	45	18	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5241	45	19	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5241	45	20	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	45	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	45	22	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5241	45	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	46	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	46	2	6	6	NUM
easat-5241	46	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	46	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	47	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5241	47	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5241	47	3	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
easat-5241	47	4	creating	create	VERB
easat-5241	47	5	an	an	DET
easat-5241	47	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5241	47	7	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5241	47	8	that	that	PRON
easat-5241	47	9	supports	support	VERB
easat-5241	47	10	markets	market	NOUN
easat-5241	47	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	47	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	47	13	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	47	14	property	property	NOUN
easat-5241	47	15	rights	right	NOUN
easat-5241	47	16	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-5241	47	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	47	18	contract	contract	NOUN
easat-5241	47	19	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5241	47	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	48	1	works	work	VERB
easat-5241	48	2	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	48	3	coase	coase	PROPN
easat-5241	49	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	49	2	7	7	NUM
easat-5241	49	3	]	]	X
easat-5241	49	4	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	49	5	north	north	NOUN
easat-5241	49	6	[	[	X
easat-5241	49	7	8	8	NUM
easat-5241	49	8	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	49	9	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	49	10	acemoglu	acemoglu	PROPN
easat-5241	49	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	49	12	robinson	robinson	PROPN
easat-5241	50	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	50	2	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	50	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	50	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	50	5	djankov	djankov	PROPN
easat-5241	50	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	50	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-5241	50	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-5241	50	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	51	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	51	2	10	10	NUM
easat-5241	51	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	51	4	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-5241	51	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5241	51	6	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-5241	51	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	52	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-5241	52	2	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	52	3	this	this	DET
easat-5241	52	4	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5241	52	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	52	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5241	52	7	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-5241	52	8	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-5241	52	9	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	52	10	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	52	11	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	52	12	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-5241	52	13	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	52	14	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-5241	52	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	52	16	directing	direct	VERB
easat-5241	52	17	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-5241	52	18	toward	toward	ADP
easat-5241	52	19	productive	productive	ADJ
easat-5241	52	20	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5241	52	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	53	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-5241	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	53	3	theoretically	theoretically	ADV
easat-5241	53	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	53	5	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	53	6	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	53	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	53	8	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	53	9	play	play	VERB
easat-5241	53	10	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5241	53	11	roles	role	NOUN
easat-5241	53	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	53	13	corporate	corporate	ADJ
easat-5241	53	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	54	1	3	3	X
easat-5241	54	2	.	.	X
easat-5241	54	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	54	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-5241	54	5	various	various	ADJ
easat-5241	54	6	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5241	54	7	exist	exist	VERB
easat-5241	54	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	54	9	measuring	measure	VERB
easat-5241	54	10	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	54	11	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	54	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	55	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	55	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	55	3	employs	employ	VERB
easat-5241	55	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	55	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	55	6	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5241	55	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	55	8	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-5241	55	9	firm	firm	ADJ
easat-5241	55	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	55	11	level	level	NOUN
easat-5241	55	12	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	55	13	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	55	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	55	15	annual	annual	ADJ
easat-5241	55	16	surveys	survey	NOUN
easat-5241	55	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	55	18	the	the	DET
easat-5241	55	19	general	general	ADJ
easat-5241	55	20	statistics	statistics	PROPN
easat-5241	55	21	office	office	PROPN
easat-5241	55	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	55	23	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	55	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	55	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	56	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	56	2	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5241	56	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	56	4	processed	process	VERB
easat-5241	56	5	to	to	PART
easat-5241	56	6	retain	retain	VERB
easat-5241	56	7	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5241	56	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	56	9	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-5241	56	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	56	11	removing	remove	VERB
easat-5241	56	12	unreasonable	unreasonable	ADJ
easat-5241	56	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	56	14	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	56	15	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	56	16	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-5241	56	17	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	56	18	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	56	19	numbers	number	NOUN
easat-5241	56	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	56	21	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	56	22	less	less	ADJ
easat-5241	56	23	than	than	ADP
easat-5241	56	24	zero	zero	NUM
easat-5241	56	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	56	26	excluding	exclude	VERB
easat-5241	56	27	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-5241	56	28	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	56	29	intermittent	intermittent	ADJ
easat-5241	56	30	appearances	appearance	NOUN
easat-5241	56	31	during	during	ADP
easat-5241	56	32	the	the	DET
easat-5241	56	33	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	56	34	period	period	NOUN
easat-5241	56	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	57	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	57	2	collected	collect	VERB
easat-5241	57	3	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	57	4	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	57	5	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	57	6	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5241	57	7	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	57	8	used	use	VERB
easat-5241	57	9	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	57	10	calculations	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	57	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	57	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	57	13	projections	projection	NOUN
easat-5241	57	14	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	57	15	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5241	57	16	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	57	17	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	57	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	58	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	58	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	58	3	employs	employ	VERB
easat-5241	58	4	this	this	DET
easat-5241	58	5	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5241	58	6	to	to	PART
easat-5241	58	7	compute	compute	VERB
easat-5241	58	8	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	58	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	58	10	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	58	11	’s	’s	PART
easat-5241	58	12	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	58	13	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	58	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	59	1	4	4	X
easat-5241	59	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	59	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-5241	59	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	59	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-5241	59	6	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
easat-5241	59	7	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	59	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	59	9	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	59	10	smes	sme	NOUN
easat-5241	59	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	59	12	face	face	VERB
easat-5241	59	13	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5241	59	14	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-5241	59	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	59	16	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5241	59	17	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	59	18	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	59	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	59	20	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-5241	59	21	production	production	NOUN
easat-5241	59	22	management	management	NOUN
easat-5241	59	23	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-5241	59	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	59	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	59	26	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	59	27	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
easat-5241	59	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	60	1	smes	sme	NOUN
easat-5241	60	2	dominate	dominate	VERB
easat-5241	60	3	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	60	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	60	5	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	60	6	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-5241	60	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	60	8	constituting	constitute	VERB
easat-5241	60	9	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-5241	60	10	98	98	NUM
easat-5241	60	11	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	60	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	60	13	all	all	DET
easat-5241	60	14	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	60	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	61	1	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	61	2	advancement	advancement	NOUN
easat-5241	61	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	61	4	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	61	5	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	61	6	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-5241	61	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	61	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	61	9	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-5241	61	10	engage	engage	VERB
easat-5241	61	11	minimally	minimally	ADV
easat-5241	61	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	61	13	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	61	14	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5241	61	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	62	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	62	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	62	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	62	4	companies	company	NOUN
easat-5241	62	5	engaged	engage	VERB
easat-5241	62	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	62	7	r&d	r&d	NOUN
easat-5241	62	8	exhibit	exhibit	NOUN
easat-5241	62	9	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	62	10	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	62	11	19.3	19.3	NUM
easat-5241	62	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	62	13	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5241	62	14	than	than	ADP
easat-5241	62	15	those	those	PRON
easat-5241	62	16	that	that	PRON
easat-5241	62	17	do	do	VERB
easat-5241	62	18	not	not	PART
easat-5241	62	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	63	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5241	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	63	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	63	4	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-5241	63	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	63	6	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-5241	63	7	investing	invest	VERB
easat-5241	63	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	63	9	r&d	r&d	NOUN
easat-5241	63	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	63	11	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	63	12	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	63	13	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	63	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	64	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5241	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	64	3	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
easat-5241	64	4	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	64	5	are	be	AUX
easat-5241	64	6	not	not	PART
easat-5241	64	7	deeply	deeply	ADV
easat-5241	64	8	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-5241	64	9	into	into	ADP
easat-5241	64	10	global	global	ADJ
easat-5241	64	11	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-5241	64	12	chains	chain	NOUN
easat-5241	64	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	64	14	limiting	limit	VERB
easat-5241	64	15	their	their	PRON
easat-5241	64	16	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5241	64	17	to	to	PART
easat-5241	64	18	leverage	leverage	VERB
easat-5241	64	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5241	64	20	spillovers	spillover	NOUN
easat-5241	64	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	64	22	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	64	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	64	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	64	25	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	64	26	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	64	27	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	64	28	multinational	multinational	ADJ
easat-5241	64	29	corporations	corporation	NOUN
easat-5241	64	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	65	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	65	2	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	65	3	level	level	NOUN
easat-5241	65	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	65	5	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	65	6	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	65	7	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-5241	65	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	65	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	65	10	their	their	PRON
easat-5241	65	11	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-5241	65	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	65	13	innovationrelated	innovationrelate	VERB
easat-5241	65	14	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5241	65	15	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	65	16	still	still	ADV
easat-5241	65	17	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5241	65	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	66	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	66	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	66	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	66	4	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	66	5	engaging	engage	VERB
easat-5241	66	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	66	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	66	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	66	9	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	66	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	66	11	r&d	r&d	NOUN
easat-5241	66	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	66	13	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5241	66	14	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	66	15	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	66	16	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	66	17	levels	level	NOUN
easat-5241	66	18	that	that	PRON
easat-5241	66	19	are	be	AUX
easat-5241	66	20	19.3	19.3	NUM
easat-5241	66	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	66	22	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5241	66	23	than	than	ADP
easat-5241	66	24	those	those	PRON
easat-5241	66	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	66	26	other	other	ADJ
easat-5241	66	27	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	66	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	67	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5241	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	67	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	67	4	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-5241	67	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	67	6	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	67	7	investing	invest	VERB
easat-5241	67	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	67	9	r&d	r&d	NOUN
easat-5241	67	10	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5241	67	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	67	12	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	67	13	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	67	14	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	67	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	68	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5241	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	68	3	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
easat-5241	68	4	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	68	5	have	have	VERB
easat-5241	68	6	yet	yet	ADV
easat-5241	68	7	to	to	PART
easat-5241	68	8	deeply	deeply	ADV
easat-5241	68	9	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-5241	68	10	into	into	ADP
easat-5241	68	11	the	the	DET
easat-5241	68	12	global	global	ADJ
easat-5241	68	13	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-5241	68	14	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-5241	68	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	68	16	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5241	68	17	failing	fail	VERB
easat-5241	68	18	to	to	PART
easat-5241	68	19	leverage	leverage	VERB
easat-5241	68	20	the	the	DET
easat-5241	68	21	spillover	spillover	NOUN
easat-5241	68	22	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5241	68	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	68	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5241	68	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	68	26	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	68	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	68	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	68	29	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	68	30	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	68	31	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	68	32	multinational	multinational	ADJ
easat-5241	68	33	corporations	corporation	NOUN
easat-5241	68	34	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	68	35	domestic	domestic	ADJ
easat-5241	68	36	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-5241	68	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	69	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5241	69	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5241	69	4	illustrated	illustrate	VERB
easat-5241	69	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	69	6	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	69	7	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	69	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	9	which	which	PRON
easat-5241	69	10	presents	present	VERB
easat-5241	69	11	the	the	DET
easat-5241	69	12	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	69	13	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	69	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	69	15	three	three	NUM
easat-5241	69	16	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	69	17	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-5241	69	18	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	69	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	20	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	69	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	22	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-5241	69	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	69	25	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	69	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	27	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	69	28	time	time	NOUN
easat-5241	69	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	30	473	473	NUM
easat-5241	69	31	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	69	32	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	69	33	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	69	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	69	35	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	69	36	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	69	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	69	38	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	69	39	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	69	40	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	69	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	69	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	70	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	70	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	70	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	70	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	71	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	71	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	71	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	71	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	71	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	71	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	71	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	71	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	71	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	71	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	71	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	71	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	71	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	71	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	71	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-5241	71	20	•	•	NOUN
easat-5241	71	21	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	71	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	23	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	71	24	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	71	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	26	green	green	ADJ
easat-5241	71	27	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	28	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	71	29	has	have	AUX
easat-5241	71	30	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-5241	71	31	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	71	32	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	71	33	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	71	34	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	71	35	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5241	71	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	71	37	followed	follow	VERB
easat-5241	71	38	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	71	39	a	a	DET
easat-5241	71	40	sharp	sharp	ADJ
easat-5241	71	41	rise	rise	NOUN
easat-5241	71	42	up	up	ADV
easat-5241	71	43	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	71	44	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	71	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	72	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	72	2	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	72	3	maintains	maintain	VERB
easat-5241	72	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	72	5	highest	high	ADJ
easat-5241	72	6	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	72	7	among	among	ADP
easat-5241	72	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	72	9	three	three	NUM
easat-5241	72	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	73	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	73	2	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-5241	73	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	73	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	73	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	73	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	73	7	yellow	yellow	ADJ
easat-5241	73	8	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5241	73	9	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	73	10	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	73	11	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	73	12	slower	slow	ADJ
easat-5241	73	13	compared	compare	VERB
easat-5241	73	14	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	73	15	the	the	DET
easat-5241	73	16	other	other	ADJ
easat-5241	73	17	two	two	NUM
easat-5241	73	18	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	73	19	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	73	20	shows	show	VERB
easat-5241	73	21	a	a	DET
easat-5241	73	22	steady	steady	ADJ
easat-5241	73	23	upward	upward	ADJ
easat-5241	73	24	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	73	25	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	73	26	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	73	27	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	73	28	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	73	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	74	1	projections	projection	NOUN
easat-5241	74	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	74	3	continued	continued	ADJ
easat-5241	74	4	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	74	6	though	though	SCONJ
easat-5241	74	7	it	it	PRON
easat-5241	74	8	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	74	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5241	74	10	lower	low	ADJ
easat-5241	74	11	than	than	ADP
easat-5241	74	12	the	the	DET
easat-5241	74	13	other	other	ADJ
easat-5241	74	14	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	74	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	75	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	75	2	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	75	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	75	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	75	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	75	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	75	7	red	red	ADJ
easat-5241	75	8	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5241	75	9	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	75	10	has	have	AUX
easat-5241	75	11	gradually	gradually	ADV
easat-5241	75	12	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	75	13	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	75	14	time	time	NOUN
easat-5241	75	15	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	75	16	was	be	AUX
easat-5241	75	17	surpassed	surpass	VERB
easat-5241	75	18	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	75	19	the	the	DET
easat-5241	75	20	hightech	hightech	ADJ
easat-5241	75	21	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	75	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	75	23	2016	2016	NUM
easat-5241	75	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	76	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	76	2	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	76	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	76	4	it	it	PRON
easat-5241	76	5	continues	continue	VERB
easat-5241	76	6	to	to	PART
easat-5241	76	7	grow	grow	VERB
easat-5241	76	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	76	9	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
easat-5241	76	10	at	at	ADP
easat-5241	76	11	a	a	DET
easat-5241	76	12	slower	slow	ADJ
easat-5241	76	13	pace	pace	NOUN
easat-5241	76	14	than	than	ADP
easat-5241	76	15	the	the	DET
easat-5241	76	16	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	76	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	76	18	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	76	19	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	76	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	77	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-5241	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	77	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	77	4	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	77	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	77	6	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	77	7	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	77	8	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5241	77	9	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5241	77	10	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	77	11	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-5241	77	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	77	13	likely	likely	ADJ
easat-5241	77	14	due	due	ADP
easat-5241	77	15	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	77	16	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	77	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	77	18	r&d	r&d	NOUN
easat-5241	77	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	77	20	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	77	21	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	77	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	78	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	78	2	mediumand	mediumand	NOUN
easat-5241	78	3	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	78	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	78	5	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	78	6	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	78	7	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	78	8	slower	slow	ADJ
easat-5241	78	9	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	78	10	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	78	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	78	12	require	require	VERB
easat-5241	78	13	well	well	ADV
easat-5241	78	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	78	15	defined	define	VERB
easat-5241	78	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	78	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5241	78	18	to	to	PART
easat-5241	78	19	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-5241	78	20	the	the	DET
easat-5241	78	21	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-5241	78	22	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	78	23	the	the	DET
easat-5241	78	24	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	78	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	78	26	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	78	27	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	78	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	79	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	79	2	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	79	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	79	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	79	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	79	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	79	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	79	8	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5241	79	9	forecasting	forecasting	NOUN
easat-5241	79	10	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	79	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	79	12	level	level	NOUN
easat-5241	79	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	80	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-5241	80	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	80	3	author	author	NOUN
easat-5241	80	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	80	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	80	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	80	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	80	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	80	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	80	10	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	80	11	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	80	12	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	80	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-5241	80	14	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	80	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	81	1	here	here	ADV
easat-5241	81	2	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	81	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	81	4	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-5241	81	5	english	english	ADJ
easat-5241	81	6	translation	translation	NOUN
easat-5241	81	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	81	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	81	9	given	give	VERB
easat-5241	81	10	passage	passage	NOUN
easat-5241	81	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	81	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	81	13	a	a	DET
easat-5241	81	14	nation	nation	NOUN
easat-5241	81	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	81	16	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5241	81	17	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	81	18	that	that	PRON
easat-5241	81	19	relies	rely	VERB
easat-5241	81	20	solely	solely	ADV
easat-5241	81	21	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	81	22	the	the	DET
easat-5241	81	23	expansion	expansion	NOUN
easat-5241	81	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	81	25	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	81	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	81	27	skilled	skilled	ADJ
easat-5241	81	28	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5241	81	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	81	30	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	81	31	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	81	32	levels	level	NOUN
easat-5241	81	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	81	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	81	35	an	an	DET
easat-5241	81	36	unskilled	unskilled	ADJ
easat-5241	81	37	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	81	38	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	81	39	often	often	ADV
easat-5241	81	40	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5241	81	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	81	42	unsustainable	unsustainable	ADJ
easat-5241	81	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	82	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-5241	82	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5241	82	5	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	82	6	driven	drive	VERB
easat-5241	82	7	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	82	8	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	82	9	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	82	10	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	82	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	12	lp	lp	NOUN
easat-5241	82	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	15	though	though	SCONJ
easat-5241	82	16	posing	pose	VERB
easat-5241	82	17	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	82	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5241	82	19	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	82	21	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	82	22	a	a	DET
easat-5241	82	23	country	country	NOUN
easat-5241	82	24	like	like	ADP
easat-5241	82	25	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	82	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	27	where	where	SCONJ
easat-5241	82	28	the	the	DET
easat-5241	82	29	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	82	30	has	have	VERB
easat-5241	82	31	a	a	DET
easat-5241	82	32	long	long	ADV
easat-5241	82	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	34	standing	stand	VERB
easat-5241	82	35	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
easat-5241	82	36	mindset	mindset	NOUN
easat-5241	82	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	82	38	a	a	DET
easat-5241	82	39	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5241	82	40	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	82	41	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-5241	82	42	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	82	43	formally	formally	ADV
easat-5241	82	44	trained	train	VERB
easat-5241	82	45	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	82	46	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	47	offers	offer	VERB
easat-5241	82	48	a	a	DET
easat-5241	82	49	promising	promising	ADJ
easat-5241	82	50	pathway	pathway	NOUN
easat-5241	82	51	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	82	52	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-5241	82	53	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	82	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	82	55	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-5241	82	56	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	82	57	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	82	58	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	82	59	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	82	60	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
easat-5241	82	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	83	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	83	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5241	83	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-5241	83	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	83	5	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	83	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	83	7	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5241	83	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	83	9	the	the	DET
easat-5241	83	10	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	83	11	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	83	12	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	83	13	time	time	NOUN
easat-5241	83	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	84	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	84	2	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	84	3	has	have	AUX
easat-5241	84	4	experienced	experience	VERB
easat-5241	84	5	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5241	84	6	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	84	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	84	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	84	9	after	after	ADP
easat-5241	84	10	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5241	84	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	85	2	the	the	DET
easat-5241	85	3	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-5241	85	4	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-5241	85	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	6	2010–2014	2010–2014	NUM
easat-5241	85	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	9	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5241	85	10	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	85	11	was	be	AUX
easat-5241	85	12	slow	slow	ADJ
easat-5241	85	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	14	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
easat-5241	85	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	85	16	the	the	DET
easat-5241	85	17	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
easat-5241	85	18	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-5241	85	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	20	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	85	21	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5241	85	22	onward	onward	NOUN
easat-5241	85	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	85	25	the	the	DET
easat-5241	85	26	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	85	27	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	85	28	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-5241	85	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	86	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	86	2	breakthrough	breakthrough	NOUN
easat-5241	86	3	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5241	86	4	after	after	ADP
easat-5241	86	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5241	86	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5241	86	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	86	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	86	9	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	86	10	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	86	11	may	may	AUX
easat-5241	86	12	have	have	AUX
easat-5241	86	13	undergone	undergo	VERB
easat-5241	86	14	474	474	NUM
easat-5241	86	15	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	86	16	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	86	17	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	86	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	86	19	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	86	20	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	86	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	86	22	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	86	23	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	86	24	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	86	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	86	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	87	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	87	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	87	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	88	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	88	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	88	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	88	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	88	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	88	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	88	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	88	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	88	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	88	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	88	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	88	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	88	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	88	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	88	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	88	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	88	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	88	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	88	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-5241	88	20	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	88	21	transformations	transformation	NOUN
easat-5241	88	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	88	23	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	88	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	88	25	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	88	26	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5241	88	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	88	28	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	88	29	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-5241	88	30	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5241	88	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	89	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	89	2	continued	continue	VERB
easat-5241	89	3	upward	upward	ADJ
easat-5241	89	4	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	89	5	reflects	reflect	VERB
easat-5241	89	6	the	the	DET
easat-5241	89	7	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	89	8	's	's	PART
easat-5241	89	9	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5241	89	10	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	89	11	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-5241	89	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	90	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	90	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5241	90	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	90	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	90	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	90	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	90	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	90	8	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5241	90	9	forecast	forecast	NOUN
easat-5241	90	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	91	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-5241	91	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	91	3	author	author	NOUN
easat-5241	91	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	91	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	91	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	91	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	91	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	91	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	91	10	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	91	11	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	91	12	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	91	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-5241	91	14	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	91	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	92	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-5241	92	2	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5241	92	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	92	4	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	92	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	92	6	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	92	7	private	private	ADJ
easat-5241	92	8	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5241	92	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	92	10	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	92	11	a	a	DET
easat-5241	92	12	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	92	13	level	level	NOUN
easat-5241	92	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	92	15	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	92	16	advancement	advancement	NOUN
easat-5241	92	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	92	18	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	92	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	93	1	a	a	DET
easat-5241	93	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	93	3	number	number	NOUN
easat-5241	93	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	93	5	firms	firm	NOUN
easat-5241	93	6	continue	continue	VERB
easat-5241	93	7	to	to	PART
easat-5241	93	8	rely	rely	VERB
easat-5241	93	9	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	93	10	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-5241	93	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	93	12	obsolete	obsolete	ADJ
easat-5241	93	13	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	93	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	93	15	lagging	lag	VERB
easat-5241	93	16	behind	behind	ADP
easat-5241	93	17	global	global	ADJ
easat-5241	93	18	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	93	19	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-5241	93	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	93	21	two	two	NUM
easat-5241	93	22	to	to	PART
easat-5241	93	23	three	three	NUM
easat-5241	93	24	generations	generation	NOUN
easat-5241	93	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	94	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5241	94	2	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-5241	94	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	94	4	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-5241	94	5	for	for	SCONJ
easat-5241	94	6	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	94	7	to	to	PART
easat-5241	94	8	further	far	ADV
easat-5241	94	9	develop	develop	VERB
easat-5241	94	10	a	a	DET
easat-5241	94	11	conducive	conducive	ADJ
easat-5241	94	12	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5241	94	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	94	14	along	along	ADP
easat-5241	94	15	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	94	16	new	new	ADJ
easat-5241	94	17	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5241	94	18	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-5241	94	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	94	20	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5241	94	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	94	22	to	to	PART
easat-5241	94	23	foster	foster	VERB
easat-5241	94	24	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	94	25	advancement	advancement	NOUN
easat-5241	94	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	94	27	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	94	28	within	within	ADP
easat-5241	94	29	the	the	DET
easat-5241	94	30	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	94	31	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	94	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	95	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5241	95	2	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	95	3	considered	consider	VERB
easat-5241	95	4	a	a	DET
easat-5241	95	5	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5241	95	6	aspect	aspect	NOUN
easat-5241	95	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	95	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	95	9	country	country	NOUN
easat-5241	95	10	's	's	PART
easat-5241	95	11	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	95	12	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	95	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-5241	95	14	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-5241	95	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	96	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	96	2	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	96	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-5241	96	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	96	5	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-5241	96	6	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	96	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	96	8	three	three	NUM
easat-5241	96	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	96	10	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	96	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	96	12	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	96	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	96	14	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-5241	96	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	96	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	96	17	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	96	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	96	19	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	96	20	time	time	NOUN
easat-5241	96	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	97	2	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	97	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	97	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	97	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	7	purple	purple	ADJ
easat-5241	97	8	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	97	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	97	11	early	early	ADJ
easat-5241	97	12	period	period	NOUN
easat-5241	97	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	14	2010–2014	2010–2014	NUM
easat-5241	97	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	97	17	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-5241	97	18	gradually	gradually	ADV
easat-5241	97	19	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	97	20	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	97	21	remained	remain	VERB
easat-5241	97	22	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
easat-5241	97	23	unstable	unstable	ADJ
easat-5241	97	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	98	1	between	between	ADP
easat-5241	98	2	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5241	98	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	98	4	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5241	98	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	98	6	the	the	DET
easat-5241	98	7	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	98	8	experienced	experience	VERB
easat-5241	98	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	98	10	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	98	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	98	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	98	13	sharp	sharp	ADJ
easat-5241	98	14	surges	surge	NOUN
easat-5241	98	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	98	16	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-5241	98	17	years	year	NOUN
easat-5241	98	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	99	1	after	after	ADP
easat-5241	99	2	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5241	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	99	4	profits	profit	NOUN
easat-5241	99	5	showed	show	VERB
easat-5241	99	6	signs	sign	NOUN
easat-5241	99	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	99	8	stabilization	stabilization	NOUN
easat-5241	99	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	99	10	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5241	99	11	slight	slight	ADJ
easat-5241	99	12	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5241	99	13	persisted	persist	VERB
easat-5241	99	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	100	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	100	2	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-5241	100	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	100	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	100	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	100	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	100	7	green	green	ADJ
easat-5241	100	8	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5241	100	9	this	this	DET
easat-5241	100	10	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	100	11	had	have	VERB
easat-5241	100	12	the	the	DET
easat-5241	100	13	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-5241	100	14	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-5241	100	15	among	among	ADP
easat-5241	100	16	the	the	DET
easat-5241	100	17	three	three	NUM
easat-5241	100	18	during	during	ADP
easat-5241	100	19	the	the	DET
easat-5241	100	20	initial	initial	ADJ
easat-5241	100	21	period	period	NOUN
easat-5241	100	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	100	23	2010–2014	2010–2014	NUM
easat-5241	100	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	100	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	101	1	post-2015	post-2015	PROPN
easat-5241	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	101	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5241	101	4	were	be	VERB
easat-5241	101	5	signs	sign	NOUN
easat-5241	101	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	101	7	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	101	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	101	9	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
easat-5241	101	10	slow	slow	ADJ
easat-5241	101	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	101	12	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
easat-5241	101	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	102	1	notably	notably	ADV
easat-5241	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	102	3	a	a	DET
easat-5241	102	4	sharp	sharp	ADJ
easat-5241	102	5	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-5241	102	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	102	7	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-5241	102	8	was	be	AUX
easat-5241	102	9	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5241	102	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	102	11	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5241	102	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	103	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	103	2	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	103	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	103	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	103	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	103	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	103	7	red	red	ADJ
easat-5241	103	8	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5241	103	9	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-5241	103	10	remained	remain	VERB
easat-5241	103	11	at	at	ADP
easat-5241	103	12	a	a	DET
easat-5241	103	13	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-5241	103	14	level	level	NOUN
easat-5241	103	15	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	103	16	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	103	17	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5241	103	18	year	year	NOUN
easat-5241	103	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	103	20	toyear	toyear	NOUN
easat-5241	103	21	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5241	103	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	104	1	after	after	ADP
easat-5241	104	2	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5241	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	104	4	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-5241	104	5	years	year	NOUN
easat-5241	104	6	saw	see	VERB
easat-5241	104	7	sharp	sharp	ADJ
easat-5241	104	8	profit	profit	NOUN
easat-5241	104	9	spikes	spike	NOUN
easat-5241	104	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	104	11	though	though	SCONJ
easat-5241	104	12	these	these	PRON
easat-5241	104	13	were	be	AUX
easat-5241	104	14	not	not	PART
easat-5241	104	15	sustained	sustain	VERB
easat-5241	104	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	105	1	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	105	2	continued	continue	VERB
easat-5241	105	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	105	4	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	105	5	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	105	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	105	7	volatility	volatility	NOUN
easat-5241	105	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	106	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	106	2	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	106	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	106	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	106	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	106	6	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-5241	106	7	maintained	maintain	VERB
easat-5241	106	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	106	9	highest	high	ADJ
easat-5241	106	10	profitability	profitability	NOUN
easat-5241	106	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	106	12	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	106	13	expected	expect	VERB
easat-5241	106	14	to	to	PART
easat-5241	106	15	remain	remain	VERB
easat-5241	106	16	the	the	DET
easat-5241	106	17	leading	lead	VERB
easat-5241	106	18	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	106	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	107	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	107	2	medium	medium	ADJ
easat-5241	107	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	107	4	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	107	5	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	107	6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5241	107	7	slow	slow	ADJ
easat-5241	107	8	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	107	9	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	107	10	holds	hold	VERB
easat-5241	107	11	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-5241	107	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	107	13	rapid	rapid	ADJ
easat-5241	107	14	expansion	expansion	NOUN
easat-5241	107	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	107	16	the	the	DET
easat-5241	107	17	future	future	NOUN
easat-5241	107	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	108	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
easat-5241	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	108	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	108	4	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	108	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	108	6	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	108	7	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	108	8	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	108	9	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5241	108	10	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5241	108	11	yet	yet	CCONJ
easat-5241	108	12	continued	continue	VERB
easat-5241	108	13	475	475	NUM
easat-5241	108	14	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	108	15	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	108	16	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	108	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	108	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	108	19	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	108	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	108	21	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	108	22	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	108	23	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	108	24	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	108	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	109	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	109	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	109	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	109	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	110	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	110	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	110	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	110	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	110	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	110	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	110	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	110	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	110	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	110	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	110	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	110	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	110	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	110	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	110	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	110	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	110	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	110	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	110	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	110	20	to	to	PART
easat-5241	110	21	grow	grow	VERB
easat-5241	110	22	steadily	steadily	ADV
easat-5241	110	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	111	1	forecasts	forecast	NOUN
easat-5241	111	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	111	3	a	a	DET
easat-5241	111	4	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5241	111	5	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	111	6	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-5241	111	7	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	111	8	all	all	DET
easat-5241	111	9	three	three	NUM
easat-5241	111	10	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	111	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	111	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	111	13	the	the	DET
easat-5241	111	14	high	high	ADJ
easat-5241	111	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	111	16	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-5241	111	17	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	111	18	expected	expect	VERB
easat-5241	111	19	to	to	PART
easat-5241	111	20	lead	lead	VERB
easat-5241	111	21	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	111	22	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	111	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	111	24	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5241	111	25	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-5241	111	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	112	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	112	2	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	112	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	112	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	112	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	112	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	112	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	112	8	profit	profit	NOUN
easat-5241	112	9	forecasting	forecasting	NOUN
easat-5241	112	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	113	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-5241	113	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	113	3	author	author	NOUN
easat-5241	113	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	113	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	113	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	113	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	113	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	113	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	113	10	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	113	11	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	113	12	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	113	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-5241	113	14	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	113	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	114	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	114	2	4	4	NUM
easat-5241	114	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-5241	114	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	114	5	changes	change	NOUN
easat-5241	114	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	114	7	the	the	DET
easat-5241	114	8	manufacturing	manufacture	VERB
easat-5241	114	9	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	114	10	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	114	11	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	114	12	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	114	13	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	114	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	115	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	115	2	2010–2014	2010–2014	NUM
easat-5241	115	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	115	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	115	5	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	115	6	force	force	NOUN
easat-5241	115	7	grew	grow	VERB
easat-5241	115	8	slowly	slowly	ADV
easat-5241	115	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	115	10	fluctuating	fluctuate	VERB
easat-5241	115	11	between	between	ADP
easat-5241	115	12	6,500	6,500	NUM
easat-5241	115	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	115	14	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-5241	115	15	7,500	7,500	NUM
easat-5241	115	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	116	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	116	2	2014–2018	2014–2018	NUM
easat-5241	116	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	116	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	116	5	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	116	6	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	116	7	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-5241	116	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	116	9	reaching	reach	VERB
easat-5241	116	10	nearly	nearly	ADV
easat-5241	116	11	11,000	11,000	NUM
easat-5241	116	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	116	13	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5241	116	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	117	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	117	2	2018–2022	2018–2022	NUM
easat-5241	117	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	117	4	a	a	DET
easat-5241	117	5	stabilization	stabilization	NOUN
easat-5241	117	6	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-5241	117	7	occurred	occur	VERB
easat-5241	117	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	117	9	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	117	10	no	no	DET
easat-5241	117	11	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	117	12	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	117	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	117	14	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5241	117	15	the	the	DET
easat-5241	117	16	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	117	17	force	force	NOUN
easat-5241	117	18	hovered	hover	VERB
easat-5241	117	19	around	around	ADP
easat-5241	117	20	11,000–11,500	11,000–11,500	NUM
easat-5241	117	21	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	118	1	•	•	NUM
easat-5241	118	2	2022–2024	2022–2024	NUM
easat-5241	118	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	118	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	118	5	upward	upward	ADJ
easat-5241	118	6	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	118	7	resumed	resume	VERB
easat-5241	118	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	118	9	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	118	10	projections	projection	NOUN
easat-5241	118	11	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	118	12	a	a	DET
easat-5241	118	13	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	118	14	exceeding	exceed	VERB
easat-5241	118	15	13,000	13,000	NUM
easat-5241	118	16	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	118	17	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	118	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	119	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	119	2	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5241	119	3	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	119	4	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	119	5	2014	2014	NUM
easat-5241	119	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5241	119	7	the	the	DET
easat-5241	119	8	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-5241	119	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	119	10	driving	drive	VERB
easat-5241	119	11	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	119	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	119	13	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	119	14	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	119	15	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	119	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	119	17	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	119	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	119	19	rising	rise	VERB
easat-5241	119	20	market	market	NOUN
easat-5241	119	21	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-5241	119	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	120	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	120	2	stabilization	stabilization	NOUN
easat-5241	120	3	period	period	NOUN
easat-5241	120	4	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	120	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5241	120	6	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	120	7	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5241	120	8	may	may	AUX
easat-5241	120	9	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-5241	120	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	120	11	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5241	120	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	120	13	macroeconomic	macroeconomic	ADJ
easat-5241	120	14	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	120	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	120	16	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	120	17	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	120	18	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	120	19	downturns	downturn	NOUN
easat-5241	120	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	120	21	changes	change	NOUN
easat-5241	120	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	120	23	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	120	24	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5241	120	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	121	1	projections	projection	NOUN
easat-5241	121	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	121	3	a	a	DET
easat-5241	121	4	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5241	121	5	outlook	outlook	NOUN
easat-5241	121	6	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	121	7	the	the	DET
easat-5241	121	8	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	121	9	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	121	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	121	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	121	12	if	if	SCONJ
easat-5241	121	13	favorable	favorable	ADJ
easat-5241	121	14	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5241	121	15	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	121	16	persist	persist	VERB
easat-5241	121	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	122	1	476	476	NUM
easat-5241	122	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	122	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	122	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	122	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	122	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	122	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	122	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	122	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	122	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	122	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	122	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	122	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	123	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	123	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	123	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	124	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	124	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	124	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	124	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	124	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	124	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	124	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	124	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	124	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	124	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	124	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	124	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	124	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	124	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	124	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	124	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	125	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	125	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5241	125	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	125	4	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	125	5	4	4	NUM
easat-5241	125	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	125	7	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	125	8	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	125	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	125	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	125	11	workforce	workforce	PROPN
easat-5241	125	12	forecast	forecast	PROPN
easat-5241	125	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	126	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-5241	126	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	126	3	author	author	NOUN
easat-5241	126	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	126	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	126	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	126	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	126	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	126	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	126	10	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	126	11	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	126	12	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	126	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-5241	126	14	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	126	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	127	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	127	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	127	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-5241	127	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	127	5	changes	change	NOUN
easat-5241	127	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	127	7	manufacturing	manufacture	VERB
easat-5241	127	8	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	127	9	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	127	10	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	127	11	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	127	12	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	127	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	128	1	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	128	2	shows	show	VERB
easat-5241	128	3	a	a	DET
easat-5241	128	4	gradual	gradual	ADJ
easat-5241	128	5	upward	upward	ADJ
easat-5241	128	6	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	128	7	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	128	8	time	time	NOUN
easat-5241	128	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	128	10	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	128	11	a	a	DET
easat-5241	128	12	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	128	13	breakthrough	breakthrough	NOUN
easat-5241	128	14	after	after	ADP
easat-5241	128	15	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5241	128	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	129	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	129	2	post-2019	post-2019	ADJ
easat-5241	129	3	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	129	4	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	129	5	may	may	AUX
easat-5241	129	6	be	be	AUX
easat-5241	129	7	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-5241	129	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	129	9	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	129	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-5241	129	11	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	129	12	new	new	ADJ
easat-5241	129	13	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	129	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	129	15	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-5241	129	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	129	17	production	production	NOUN
easat-5241	129	18	processes	process	NOUN
easat-5241	129	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	129	20	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	129	21	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	129	22	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	129	23	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	129	24	automation	automation	NOUN
easat-5241	129	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	130	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	130	2	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
easat-5241	130	3	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-5241	130	4	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	130	5	2012	2012	NUM
easat-5241	130	6	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	130	7	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5241	130	8	could	could	AUX
easat-5241	130	9	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-5241	130	10	a	a	DET
easat-5241	130	11	slowdown	slowdown	NOUN
easat-5241	130	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	130	13	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	130	14	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	130	15	the	the	DET
easat-5241	130	16	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5241	130	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	130	18	external	external	ADJ
easat-5241	130	19	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	130	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	130	21	production	production	NOUN
easat-5241	130	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	131	1	projections	projection	NOUN
easat-5241	131	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5241	131	3	continued	continue	VERB
easat-5241	131	4	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	131	5	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	131	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	131	7	which	which	PRON
easat-5241	131	8	could	could	AUX
easat-5241	131	9	be	be	AUX
easat-5241	131	10	a	a	DET
easat-5241	131	11	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5241	131	12	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-5241	131	13	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	131	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	131	15	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	131	16	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	131	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	131	18	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	131	19	if	if	SCONJ
easat-5241	131	20	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-5241	131	21	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	131	22	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5241	131	23	remain	remain	VERB
easat-5241	131	24	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	131	25	place	place	NOUN
easat-5241	131	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	132	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	132	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	132	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	132	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	132	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	132	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	132	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	132	8	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	132	9	forecast	forecast	NOUN
easat-5241	132	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	133	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-5241	133	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	133	3	author	author	NOUN
easat-5241	133	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	133	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	133	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	133	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	133	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	133	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	133	10	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	133	11	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	133	12	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	133	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-5241	133	14	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	133	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	134	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	134	2	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-5241	134	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	134	4	trained	train	VERB
easat-5241	134	5	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	134	6	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	134	7	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	134	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	134	9	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	134	10	an	an	DET
easat-5241	134	11	imbalanced	imbalanced	ADJ
easat-5241	134	12	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	134	13	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-5241	134	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	134	15	a	a	DET
easat-5241	134	16	shortage	shortage	NOUN
easat-5241	134	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	134	18	highly	highly	ADV
easat-5241	134	19	skilled	skilled	ADJ
easat-5241	134	20	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	134	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	134	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	134	23	a	a	DET
easat-5241	134	24	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	134	25	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-5241	134	26	between	between	ADP
easat-5241	134	27	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5241	134	28	education	education	NOUN
easat-5241	134	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	134	30	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	134	31	market	market	NOUN
easat-5241	134	32	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-5241	134	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	135	1	477	477	NUM
easat-5241	135	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	135	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	135	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	135	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	135	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	135	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	135	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	135	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	135	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	135	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	135	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	135	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	136	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	136	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	136	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	136	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	137	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	137	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	137	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	137	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	137	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	137	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	137	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	137	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	137	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	137	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	137	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	137	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	137	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	137	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	137	20	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5241	137	21	the	the	DET
easat-5241	137	22	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-5241	137	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	137	24	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	137	25	aged	age	VERB
easat-5241	137	26	15	15	NUM
easat-5241	137	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	137	28	above	above	ADV
easat-5241	137	29	who	who	PRON
easat-5241	137	30	have	have	AUX
easat-5241	137	31	received	receive	VERB
easat-5241	137	32	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5241	137	33	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	137	34	has	have	AUX
easat-5241	137	35	gradually	gradually	ADV
easat-5241	137	36	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5241	137	37	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	137	38	the	the	DET
easat-5241	137	39	years	year	NOUN
easat-5241	137	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	41	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	137	42	2011	2011	NUM
easat-5241	137	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	44	only	only	ADV
easat-5241	137	45	15.4	15.4	NUM
easat-5241	137	46	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	137	47	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	137	48	the	the	DET
easat-5241	137	49	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	137	50	held	hold	VERB
easat-5241	137	51	a	a	DET
easat-5241	137	52	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-5241	137	53	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	137	54	certificate	certificate	NOUN
easat-5241	137	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	137	56	rising	rise	VERB
easat-5241	137	57	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	137	58	21.9	21.9	NUM
easat-5241	137	59	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	137	60	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	137	61	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5241	137	62	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	138	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5241	138	2	means	mean	VERB
easat-5241	138	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	138	4	as	as	ADP
easat-5241	138	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	138	6	now	now	ADV
easat-5241	138	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	138	8	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-5241	138	9	42.4	42.4	NUM
easat-5241	138	10	million	million	NUM
easat-5241	138	11	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	138	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	138	13	accounting	account	VERB
easat-5241	138	14	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	138	15	78.1	78.1	NUM
easat-5241	138	16	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	138	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	138	18	the	the	DET
easat-5241	138	19	total	total	ADJ
easat-5241	138	20	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	138	21	force	force	NOUN
easat-5241	138	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	138	23	have	have	AUX
easat-5241	138	24	not	not	PART
easat-5241	138	25	undergone	undergo	VERB
easat-5241	138	26	any	any	DET
easat-5241	138	27	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5241	138	28	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-5241	138	29	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	138	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	139	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-5241	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	139	3	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	139	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	139	5	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	139	6	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-5241	139	7	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	139	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5241	139	9	attainment	attainment	NOUN
easat-5241	139	10	remains	remain	VERB
easat-5241	139	11	unbalanced	unbalanced	ADJ
easat-5241	139	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	140	2	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5241	140	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	140	5	ratio	ratio	NOUN
easat-5241	140	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	140	7	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	140	8	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	140	9	university	university	NOUN
easat-5241	140	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	11	level	level	NOUN
easat-5241	140	12	education	education	NOUN
easat-5241	140	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5241	140	14	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5241	140	15	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	140	16	those	those	PRON
easat-5241	140	17	with	with	ADP
easat-5241	140	18	college	college	NOUN
easat-5241	140	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	20	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
easat-5241	140	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	140	23	elementary	elementary	ADJ
easat-5241	140	24	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5241	140	25	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	140	26	was	be	AUX
easat-5241	140	27	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	140	28	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	140	29	0.35	0.35	NUM
easat-5241	140	30	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	31	0.63	0.63	NUM
easat-5241	140	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	33	0.38	0.38	NUM
easat-5241	140	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	140	35	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-5241	140	36	a	a	DET
easat-5241	140	37	shortage	shortage	NOUN
easat-5241	140	38	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	140	39	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-5241	140	40	engineers	engineer	NOUN
easat-5241	140	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	140	42	highly	highly	ADV
easat-5241	140	43	skilled	skilled	ADJ
easat-5241	140	44	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-5241	140	45	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	140	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	141	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5241	141	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	141	3	youth	youth	NOUN
easat-5241	141	4	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
easat-5241	141	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	141	6	the	the	DET
easat-5241	141	7	mismatch	mismatch	NOUN
easat-5241	141	8	between	between	ADP
easat-5241	141	9	job	job	NOUN
easat-5241	141	10	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-5241	141	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	141	12	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	141	13	'	'	PART
easat-5241	141	14	qualifications	qualification	NOUN
easat-5241	141	15	remain	remain	VERB
easat-5241	141	16	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-5241	141	17	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-5241	141	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	142	1	a	a	DET
easat-5241	142	2	large	large	ADJ
easat-5241	142	3	segment	segment	NOUN
easat-5241	142	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	142	5	the	the	DET
easat-5241	142	6	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5241	142	7	lacks	lack	VERB
easat-5241	142	8	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	142	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	142	10	industrial	industrial	ADJ
easat-5241	142	11	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	142	12	discipline	discipline	NOUN
easat-5241	142	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	142	14	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN
easat-5241	142	15	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5241	142	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	142	17	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-5241	142	18	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-5241	142	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	142	20	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-5241	142	21	tolerance	tolerance	NOUN
easat-5241	142	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	142	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	142	24	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	142	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	143	1	these	these	DET
easat-5241	143	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5241	143	3	pose	pose	VERB
easat-5241	143	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	143	5	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-5241	143	6	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	143	7	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5241	143	8	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	143	9	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	143	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	143	11	lp	lp	NOUN
easat-5241	143	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	143	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	144	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-5241	144	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	144	3	population	population	NOUN
easat-5241	144	4	aging	aging	NOUN
easat-5241	144	5	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	144	6	expected	expect	VERB
easat-5241	144	7	to	to	PART
easat-5241	144	8	have	have	VERB
easat-5241	144	9	a	a	DET
easat-5241	144	10	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5241	144	11	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5241	144	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	144	13	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	144	14	’s	’s	PART
easat-5241	144	15	lp	lp	NOUN
easat-5241	144	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	144	17	the	the	DET
easat-5241	144	18	future	future	NOUN
easat-5241	144	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	145	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-5241	145	2	6	6	NUM
easat-5241	145	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-5241	145	4	the	the	DET
easat-5241	145	5	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-5241	145	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	145	7	trained	train	VERB
easat-5241	145	8	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5241	145	9	across	across	ADP
easat-5241	145	10	different	different	ADJ
easat-5241	145	11	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	145	12	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	145	13	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	145	14	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	145	15	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	145	16	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	145	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	145	18	the	the	DET
easat-5241	145	19	25	25	NUM
easat-5241	145	20	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	145	21	29	29	NUM
easat-5241	145	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	145	23	30	30	NUM
easat-5241	145	24	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	145	25	34	34	NUM
easat-5241	145	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	145	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	145	28	35	35	NUM
easat-5241	145	29	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	145	30	39	39	NUM
easat-5241	145	31	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	145	32	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	145	33	have	have	AUX
easat-5241	145	34	the	the	DET
easat-5241	145	35	highest	high	ADJ
easat-5241	145	36	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	145	37	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	145	38	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	145	39	35	35	NUM
easat-5241	145	40	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	145	41	40	40	NUM
easat-5241	145	42	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	145	43	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	145	44	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	145	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	145	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	146	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	146	2	15	15	NUM
easat-5241	146	3	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	146	4	19	19	NUM
easat-5241	146	5	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	146	6	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	146	7	exhibits	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	146	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	146	9	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-5241	146	10	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	146	11	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	146	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	146	13	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	146	14	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	146	15	10	10	NUM
easat-5241	146	16	%	%	NOUN
easat-5241	146	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	146	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	146	19	with	with	SCONJ
easat-5241	146	20	little	little	ADJ
easat-5241	146	21	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-5241	146	22	over	over	ADP
easat-5241	146	23	time.the	time.the	DET
easat-5241	146	24	50	50	NUM
easat-5241	146	25	+	+	NUM
easat-5241	146	26	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	146	27	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	146	28	has	have	VERB
easat-5241	146	29	a	a	DET
easat-5241	146	30	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5241	146	31	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	146	32	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	146	33	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	146	34	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5241	146	35	shows	show	VERB
easat-5241	146	36	a	a	DET
easat-5241	146	37	slight	slight	ADJ
easat-5241	146	38	upward	upward	ADJ
easat-5241	146	39	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-5241	146	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	147	1	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	147	2	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	147	3	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	147	4	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5241	147	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	147	6	there	there	PRON
easat-5241	147	7	was	be	VERB
easat-5241	147	8	a	a	DET
easat-5241	147	9	stable	stable	ADJ
easat-5241	147	10	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-5241	147	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	147	12	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	147	13	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	147	14	across	across	ADP
easat-5241	147	15	all	all	DET
easat-5241	147	16	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	147	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	148	1	between	between	ADP
easat-5241	148	2	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5241	148	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	148	4	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5241	148	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	148	6	some	some	DET
easat-5241	148	7	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	148	8	experienced	experience	VERB
easat-5241	148	9	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN
easat-5241	148	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	148	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	148	12	the	the	DET
easat-5241	148	13	20	20	NUM
easat-5241	148	14	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	148	15	24	24	NUM
easat-5241	148	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	148	17	30	30	NUM
easat-5241	148	18	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	148	19	34	34	NUM
easat-5241	148	20	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	148	21	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	148	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	149	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	149	2	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	149	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	149	4	most	most	ADJ
easat-5241	149	5	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	149	6	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	149	7	continue	continue	VERB
easat-5241	149	8	to	to	PART
easat-5241	149	9	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5241	149	10	slight	slight	ADJ
easat-5241	149	11	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	149	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	149	13	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	149	14	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	149	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	150	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-5241	150	2	6	6	NUM
easat-5241	150	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	150	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5241	150	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	150	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	150	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	150	8	forecast	forecast	NOUN
easat-5241	150	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	150	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	150	11	trained	train	VERB
easat-5241	150	12	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	150	13	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5241	150	14	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	150	15	age	age	NOUN
easat-5241	150	16	group	group	NOUN
easat-5241	150	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	151	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-5241	151	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	151	3	author	author	NOUN
easat-5241	151	4	's	's	PART
easat-5241	151	5	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-5241	151	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	151	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5241	151	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	151	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	151	10	gso	gso	PROPN
easat-5241	151	11	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	151	12	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5241	151	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-5241	151	14	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5241	151	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	152	1	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	152	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5241	152	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5241	152	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5241	152	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	152	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	152	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5241	152	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	152	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5241	152	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	152	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5241	152	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	152	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	153	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	153	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	153	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	153	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	154	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	154	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	154	3	471	471	NUM
easat-5241	154	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	154	5	478	478	NUM
easat-5241	154	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	154	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	154	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5241	154	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	154	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5241	NUM
easat-5241	154	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	154	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	154	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	154	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	154	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	154	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	154	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5241	154	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5241	154	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5241	154	20	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	154	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	155	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-5241	155	2	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	155	3	has	have	AUX
easat-5241	155	4	made	make	VERB
easat-5241	155	5	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5241	155	6	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-5241	155	7	to	to	PART
easat-5241	155	8	reform	reform	VERB
easat-5241	155	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	155	10	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5241	155	11	its	its	PRON
easat-5241	155	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5241	155	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	155	14	creating	create	VERB
easat-5241	155	15	momentum	momentum	NOUN
easat-5241	155	16	for	for	ADP
easat-5241	155	17	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	155	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	156	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5241	156	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	156	3	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	156	4	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
easat-5241	156	5	remain	remain	VERB
easat-5241	156	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	156	7	affecting	affect	VERB
easat-5241	156	8	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	156	9	restructuring	restructuring	NOUN
easat-5241	156	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	156	11	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	156	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-5241	156	13	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-5241	156	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	157	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	157	2	market	market	NOUN
easat-5241	157	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5241	157	4	lacks	lack	VERB
easat-5241	157	5	synchronization	synchronization	NOUN
easat-5241	157	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	157	7	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5241	157	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	157	9	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	157	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	157	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	157	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	157	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	157	14	real	real	ADJ
easat-5241	157	15	estate	estate	NOUN
easat-5241	157	16	markets	market	NOUN
easat-5241	157	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	158	1	given	give	VERB
easat-5241	158	2	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	158	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-5241	158	4	low	low	ADJ
easat-5241	158	5	starting	starting	NOUN
easat-5241	158	6	point	point	NOUN
easat-5241	158	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	158	8	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-5241	158	9	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-5241	158	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	158	11	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5241	158	12	productivityspecific	productivityspecific	NOUN
easat-5241	158	13	markets	market	NOUN
easat-5241	158	14	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	158	15	challenging	challenge	VERB
easat-5241	158	16	due	due	ADJ
easat-5241	158	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	158	18	an	an	DET
easat-5241	158	19	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
easat-5241	158	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	158	21	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
easat-5241	158	22	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-5241	158	23	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5241	158	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	159	1	the	the	DET
easat-5241	159	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	159	3	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5241	159	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5241	159	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-5241	159	6	for	for	SCONJ
easat-5241	159	7	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5241	159	8	to	to	PART
easat-5241	159	9	formulate	formulate	VERB
easat-5241	159	10	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5241	159	11	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	159	12	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	159	13	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	159	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	160	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-5241	160	2	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-5241	160	3	include	include	VERB
easat-5241	160	4	investing	invest	VERB
easat-5241	160	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	160	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	160	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	160	8	human	human	ADJ
easat-5241	160	9	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5241	160	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	160	11	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-5241	160	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5241	160	13	transfer	transfer	NOUN
easat-5241	160	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	160	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	160	16	encouraging	encourage	VERB
easat-5241	160	17	private	private	ADJ
easat-5241	160	18	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5241	160	19	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5241	160	20	to	to	PART
easat-5241	160	21	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5241	160	22	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
easat-5241	160	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	160	24	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
easat-5241	160	25	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	160	26	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	160	27	’s	’s	PART
easat-5241	160	28	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	160	29	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-5241	160	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	1	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-5241	161	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	3	this	this	DET
easat-5241	161	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	161	5	was	be	AUX
easat-5241	161	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5241	161	7	under	under	ADP
easat-5241	161	8	the	the	DET
easat-5241	161	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-5241	161	10	project	project	NOUN
easat-5241	161	11	qg	qg	PROPN
easat-5241	161	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	13	code	code	NOUN
easat-5241	161	14	qg.22.73	qg.22.73	NOUN
easat-5241	161	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	16	“	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	17	measuring	measure	VERB
easat-5241	161	18	the	the	DET
easat-5241	161	19	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5241	161	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	161	21	training	training	NOUN
easat-5241	161	22	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	161	23	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5241	161	24	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-5241	161	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	26	the	the	DET
easat-5241	161	27	case	case	NOUN
easat-5241	161	28	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	161	29	the	the	DET
easat-5241	161	30	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-5241	161	31	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-5241	161	32	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	161	33	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	161	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	35	”	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	36	at	at	ADP
easat-5241	161	37	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	161	38	national	national	PROPN
easat-5241	161	39	university	university	PROPN
easat-5241	161	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	161	41	hanoi	hanoi	PROPN
easat-5241	161	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	162	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-5241	162	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	162	3	the	the	DET
easat-5241	162	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	162	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-5241	162	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	162	7	the	the	DET
easat-5241	162	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-5241	162	9	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	162	10	an	an	DET
easat-5241	162	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-5241	162	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	162	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-5241	162	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	162	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	162	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-5241	162	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-5241	162	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	162	19	the	the	DET
easat-5241	162	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	162	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	162	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	162	23	no	no	DET
easat-5241	162	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-5241	162	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-5241	162	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	162	27	the	the	DET
easat-5241	162	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	162	29	have	have	AUX
easat-5241	162	30	been	be	AUX
easat-5241	162	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-5241	162	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5241	162	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	162	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5241	162	35	any	any	DET
easat-5241	162	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-5241	162	37	from	from	ADP
easat-5241	162	38	the	the	DET
easat-5241	162	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	162	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5241	162	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-5241	162	42	have	have	AUX
easat-5241	162	43	been	be	AUX
easat-5241	162	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-5241	162	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	163	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	163	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5241	163	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-5241	163	4	all	all	DET
easat-5241	163	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-5241	163	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-5241	163	7	during	during	ADP
easat-5241	163	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-5241	163	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	164	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-5241	164	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	164	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-5241	164	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5241	164	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	164	6	the	the	DET
easat-5241	164	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5241	164	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	165	1	this	this	DET
easat-5241	165	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-5241	165	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	165	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-5241	165	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-5241	165	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5241	165	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-5241	165	8	under	under	ADP
easat-5241	165	9	the	the	DET
easat-5241	165	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-5241	165	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	165	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5241	165	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	165	14	the	the	DET
easat-5241	165	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-5241	165	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-5241	165	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-5241	165	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	165	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-5241	165	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5241	165	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	165	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-5241	165	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5241	165	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-5241	165	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5241	165	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	166	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-5241	166	2	[	[	X
easat-5241	166	3	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	166	4	]	]	X
easat-5241	166	5	general	general	ADJ
easat-5241	166	6	statistics	statistics	PROPN
easat-5241	166	7	office	office	PROPN
easat-5241	166	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	166	9	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	166	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	166	11	statical	statical	ADJ
easat-5241	166	12	yearbook	yearbook	NOUN
easat-5241	166	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	166	14	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	166	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	167	1	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5241	167	2	publishing	publishing	PROPN
easat-5241	167	3	house	house	NOUN
easat-5241	167	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	167	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5241	167	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	168	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5241	168	3	]	]	X
easat-5241	168	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5241	168	5	irwin	irwin	PROPN
easat-5241	168	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	8	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	168	9	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5241	168	10	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	168	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	168	12	a	a	DET
easat-5241	168	13	one	one	NUM
easat-5241	168	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	15	party	party	NOUN
easat-5241	168	16	state	state	NOUN
easat-5241	168	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	18	the	the	DET
easat-5241	168	19	case	case	NOUN
easat-5241	168	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	168	21	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5241	168	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	24	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5241	168	25	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5241	168	26	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5241	168	27	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
easat-5241	168	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	168	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	168	31	12	12	NUM
easat-5241	168	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	168	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	168	35	2	2	NUM
easat-5241	168	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	168	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5241	168	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	169	1	172	172	NUM
easat-5241	169	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	169	3	191	191	NUM
easat-5241	169	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	169	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5241	169	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	170	2	3	3	X
easat-5241	170	3	]	]	X
easat-5241	170	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-5241	170	5	coelli	coelli	PROPN
easat-5241	170	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5241	170	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5241	170	9	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-5241	170	10	rao	rao	PROPN
easat-5241	170	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	170	13	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-5241	170	14	battese	battese	PROPN
easat-5241	170	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	16	an	an	DET
easat-5241	170	17	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-5241	170	18	to	to	ADP
easat-5241	170	19	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-5241	170	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	170	21	productivy	productivy	NOUN
easat-5241	170	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5241	170	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	24	2nd	2nd	ADJ
easat-5241	170	25	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-5241	170	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	27	germany	germany	PROPN
easat-5241	170	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	29	springer	springer	NOUN
easat-5241	170	30	science	science	PROPN
easat-5241	170	31	business	business	NOUN
easat-5241	170	32	media	medium	NOUN
easat-5241	170	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	34	llc	llc	PROPN
easat-5241	170	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	170	36	2005	2005	NUM
easat-5241	170	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	171	2	4	4	X
easat-5241	171	3	]	]	X
easat-5241	171	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5241	171	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5241	171	6	romer	romer	NOUN
easat-5241	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	9	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
easat-5241	171	10	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5241	171	11	change	change	NOUN
easat-5241	171	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	14	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5241	171	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	171	16	political	political	ADJ
easat-5241	171	17	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5241	171	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	171	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	171	21	98	98	NUM
easat-5241	171	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	23	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	171	24	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	171	25	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	171	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	27	part	part	NOUN
easat-5241	171	28	2	2	NUM
easat-5241	171	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	30	pp	pp	PROPN
easat-5241	171	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	32	s71	s71	NOUN
easat-5241	171	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	34	s102	s102	PROPN
easat-5241	171	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	171	36	1990	1990	NUM
easat-5241	171	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	172	1	https://doi.org/10.1086/261720	https://doi.org/10.1086/261720	NOUN
easat-5241	173	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	173	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	173	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	173	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5241	173	5	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-5241	173	6	lucas	lucas	PROPN
easat-5241	173	7	jr	jr	PROPN
easat-5241	173	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	173	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	173	10	on	on	ADP
easat-5241	173	11	the	the	DET
easat-5241	173	12	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
easat-5241	173	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	173	14	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	173	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-5241	173	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	173	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	173	18	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5241	173	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	173	20	monetary	monetary	ADJ
easat-5241	173	21	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5241	173	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	173	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	173	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	174	1	22	22	NUM
easat-5241	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	174	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	174	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	174	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	174	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	174	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5241	174	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	175	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5241	175	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	175	3	42	42	NUM
easat-5241	175	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	175	5	1988	1988	NUM
easat-5241	175	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	176	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7	PUNCT
easat-5241	177	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	177	2	6	6	NUM
easat-5241	177	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5241	177	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-5241	177	5	borensztein	borensztein	PROPN
easat-5241	177	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	177	7	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5241	177	8	de	de	PROPN
easat-5241	177	9	gregorio	gregorio	PROPN
easat-5241	177	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	177	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	177	12	j.-w	j.-w	PROPN
easat-5241	177	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	1	lee	lee	PROPN
easat-5241	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	3	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-5241	178	5	does	do	AUX
easat-5241	178	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5241	178	7	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5241	178	8	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5241	178	9	affect	affect	VERB
easat-5241	178	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	178	11	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5241	178	12	?	?	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	15	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5241	178	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	178	17	international	international	ADJ
easat-5241	178	18	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5241	178	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	178	20	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	178	21	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	179	1	45	45	NUM
easat-5241	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	179	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	179	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	179	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	179	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	179	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5241	179	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	180	1	115	115	NUM
easat-5241	180	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	180	3	135	135	NUM
easat-5241	180	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	180	5	1998	1998	NUM
easat-5241	180	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	181	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(97)00033-0	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(97)00033-0	PROPN
easat-5241	181	2	[	[	X
easat-5241	181	3	7	7	NUM
easat-5241	181	4	]	]	X
easat-5241	181	5	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5241	181	6	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5241	181	7	coase	coase	PROPN
easat-5241	181	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	181	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	181	10	the	the	DET
easat-5241	181	11	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-5241	181	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	181	13	social	social	ADJ
easat-5241	181	14	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-5241	181	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	181	16	classic	classic	ADJ
easat-5241	181	17	papers	paper	NOUN
easat-5241	181	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5241	181	19	natural	natural	ADJ
easat-5241	181	20	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-5241	181	21	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5241	181	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	181	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	182	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-5241	182	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	182	3	palgrave	palgrave	PROPN
easat-5241	182	4	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
easat-5241	182	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	182	6	1960	1960	NUM
easat-5241	182	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	182	8	pp	pp	ADP
easat-5241	182	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	183	1	87	87	NUM
easat-5241	183	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	183	3	137	137	NUM
easat-5241	183	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	184	2	8	8	NUM
easat-5241	184	3	]	]	X
easat-5241	184	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5241	184	5	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5241	184	6	north	north	PROPN
easat-5241	184	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-5241	184	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	12	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5241	184	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	184	14	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	184	15	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-5241	184	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	184	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	184	19	5	5	NUM
easat-5241	184	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	21	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	184	22	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	184	23	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	184	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	25	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5241	184	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	27	97	97	NUM
easat-5241	184	28	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	184	29	112	112	NUM
easat-5241	184	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	184	31	1991	1991	NUM
easat-5241	184	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	185	1	https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97	https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97	NOUN
easat-5241	186	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	186	2	9	9	NUM
easat-5241	186	3	]	]	SYM
easat-5241	186	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5241	186	5	acemoglu	acemoglu	PROPN
easat-5241	186	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	186	7	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5241	186	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5241	186	9	robinson	robinson	PROPN
easat-5241	186	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	186	11	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5241	186	12	origins	origin	NOUN
easat-5241	186	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	186	14	dictatorship	dictatorship	NOUN
easat-5241	186	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	186	16	democracy	democracy	NOUN
easat-5241	186	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	187	1	uk	uk	PROPN
easat-5241	187	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5241	187	3	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
easat-5241	187	4	university	university	PROPN
easat-5241	187	5	press	press	NOUN
easat-5241	187	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	187	7	2005	2005	NUM
easat-5241	187	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	1	[	[	X
easat-5241	188	2	10	10	NUM
easat-5241	188	3	]	]	X
easat-5241	188	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5241	188	5	djankov	djankov	PROPN
easat-5241	188	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	7	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5241	188	8	la	la	PROPN
easat-5241	188	9	porta	porta	PROPN
easat-5241	188	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	11	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5241	188	12	lopez	lopez	PROPN
easat-5241	188	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	14	de	de	NOUN
easat-5241	188	15	-	-	NOUN
easat-5241	188	16	silanes	silane	NOUN
easat-5241	188	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5241	188	19	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5241	188	20	shleifer	shleifer	NOUN
easat-5241	188	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	23	the	the	DET
easat-5241	188	24	regulation	regulation	NOUN
easat-5241	188	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	188	26	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-5241	188	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	29	the	the	DET
easat-5241	188	30	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-5241	188	31	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5241	188	32	of	of	ADP
easat-5241	188	33	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5241	188	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5241	188	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-5241	188	37	117	117	NUM
easat-5241	188	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	39	no	no	INTJ
easat-5241	188	40	.	.	NOUN
easat-5241	188	41	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	188	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	188	43	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5241	188	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	189	1	1	1	NUM
easat-5241	189	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5241	189	3	37	37	NUM
easat-5241	189	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5241	189	5	2002	2002	NUM
easat-5241	189	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5241	190	1	https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399436	https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399436	PROPN
easat-5241	191	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-5241	191	2	https://doi.org/10.1086/261720	https://doi.org/10.1086/261720	PROPN
easat-5241	191	3	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7	https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7	PROPN
easat-5241	191	4	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(97)00033-0	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(97)00033-0	NOUN
easat-5241	191	5	https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97	https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.97	NOUN
easat-5241	191	6	https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399436	https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399436	NOUN