id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-5348	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	2	5	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	7	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	2	9	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-5348	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-5348	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	17	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	2	18	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	2	19	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	2	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	2	22	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	2	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	24	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	2	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	2	26	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	2	27	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	2	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	29	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	2	30	the	the	DET
easat-5348	2	31	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	2	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	33	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	2	34	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	2	35	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	2	36	history	history	NOUN
easat-5348	2	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	38	received	receive	VERB
easat-5348	2	39	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	40	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	2	41	january	january	NOUN
easat-5348	2	42	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	43	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	44	revised	revise	VERB
easat-5348	2	45	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	46	19	19	NUM
easat-5348	2	47	february	february	NOUN
easat-5348	2	48	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	49	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	50	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	2	51	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	52	21	21	NUM
easat-5348	2	53	february	february	NOUN
easat-5348	2	54	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	55	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	56	published	publish	VERB
easat-5348	2	57	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	58	11	11	NUM
easat-5348	2	59	march	march	NOUN
easat-5348	2	60	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	2	61	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	62	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-5348	2	63	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	64	bkooi@msu.edu.my	bkooi@msu.edu.my	VERB
easat-5348	2	65	the	the	DET
easat-5348	2	66	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	2	67	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	2	68	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	69	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	2	70	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	2	71	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	2	72	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	2	73	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	74	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	2	75	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	2	76	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	2	77	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	2	78	chinese	chinese	PROPN
easat-5348	2	79	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	2	80	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	2	81	jia	jia	PROPN
easat-5348	2	82	xiuzhen1,2	xiuzhen1,2	PROPN
easat-5348	2	83	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	84	ooi	ooi	PROPN
easat-5348	2	85	boon	boon	PROPN
easat-5348	2	86	keat3	keat3	PROPN
easat-5348	2	87	*	*	PROPN
easat-5348	2	88	1post	1post	NUM
easat-5348	2	89	graduate	graduate	NOUN
easat-5348	2	90	centre	centre	NOUN
easat-5348	2	91	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	92	management	management	NOUN
easat-5348	2	93	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	2	94	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	2	95	university	university	PROPN
easat-5348	2	96	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	97	shah	shah	PROPN
easat-5348	2	98	alam	alam	PROPN
easat-5348	2	99	40100	40100	NUM
easat-5348	2	100	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	101	selangor	selangor	PROPN
easat-5348	2	102	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	2	103	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-5348	2	104	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	1	2school	2school	NUM
easat-5348	3	2	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	3	3	early	early	ADJ
easat-5348	3	4	childhood	childhood	NOUN
easat-5348	3	5	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	3	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	3	7	management	management	NOUN
easat-5348	3	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	9	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	3	10	south	south	PROPN
easat-5348	3	11	ocean	ocean	PROPN
easat-5348	3	12	college	college	PROPN
easat-5348	3	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	14	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	3	15	214000	214000	NUM
easat-5348	3	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	17	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
easat-5348	3	18	province	province	PROPN
easat-5348	3	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	20	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	3	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	22	648140770@qq.com	648140770@qq.com	NUM
easat-5348	3	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	24	j.x	j.x	PROPN
easat-5348	3	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	3	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	1	3school	3school	NUM
easat-5348	4	2	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	4	3	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	4	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	4	5	social	social	ADJ
easat-5348	4	6	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-5348	4	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-5348	4	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	4	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	4	11	university	university	PROPN
easat-5348	4	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	13	shah	shah	PROPN
easat-5348	4	14	alam	alam	PROPN
easat-5348	4	15	40100	40100	NUM
easat-5348	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	17	selangor	selangor	PROPN
easat-5348	4	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	19	malaysia	malaysia	NOUN
easat-5348	4	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	21	bkooi@msu.edu.my	bkooi@msu.edu.my	NOUN
easat-5348	4	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	23	o.b.k	o.b.k	PROPN
easat-5348	4	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	4	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	1	abstract	abstract	ADV
easat-5348	5	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	3	this	this	DET
easat-5348	5	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-5348	5	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	5	6	delves	delve	VERB
easat-5348	5	7	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	5	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	5	9	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
easat-5348	5	10	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	5	11	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	5	12	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	5	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	5	14	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	5	17	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-5348	5	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	5	19	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	5	20	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	5	21	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	5	22	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	5	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	24	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	5	25	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	5	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	5	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	28	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	5	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	5	32	the	the	DET
easat-5348	5	33	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
easat-5348	5	34	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	5	35	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	5	36	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	5	37	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	5	38	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	5	39	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	5	40	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	5	41	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	5	42	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	5	43	a	a	DET
easat-5348	5	44	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	5	45	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	5	46	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	47	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	5	48	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	5	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	6	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	6	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	6	3	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	6	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	6	5	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	6	6	ten	ten	NUM
easat-5348	6	7	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	6	8	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	6	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	6	10	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	6	11	city	city	PROPN
easat-5348	6	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	6	13	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	6	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	6	15	involving	involve	VERB
easat-5348	6	16	499	499	NUM
easat-5348	6	17	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-5348	6	18	who	who	PRON
easat-5348	6	19	were	be	AUX
easat-5348	6	20	surveyed	survey	VERB
easat-5348	6	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	7	1	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	7	2	these	these	PRON
easat-5348	7	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	7	4	406	406	NUM
easat-5348	7	5	completed	complete	VERB
easat-5348	7	6	valid	valid	ADJ
easat-5348	7	7	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	7	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	7	9	providing	provide	VERB
easat-5348	7	10	rich	rich	ADJ
easat-5348	7	11	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	7	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	7	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	7	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	8	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	8	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	8	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
easat-5348	8	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	8	5	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-5348	8	6	roles	role	NOUN
easat-5348	8	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	8	8	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	8	9	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	8	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	8	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	8	12	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	8	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	8	14	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	8	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	8	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	8	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	8	18	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-5348	8	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	8	20	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5348	8	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	8	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	8	23	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	8	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	8	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	8	26	the	the	DET
easat-5348	8	27	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
easat-5348	8	28	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	8	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	8	30	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	8	31	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	8	32	shaping	shape	VERB
easat-5348	8	33	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	8	34	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	8	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	9	1	notably	notably	ADV
easat-5348	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	9	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	9	4	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-5348	9	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	9	6	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	9	7	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	9	8	via	via	ADP
easat-5348	9	9	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	9	10	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-5348	9	11	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	9	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	9	13	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	9	14	mediator	mediator	NOUN
easat-5348	9	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	9	16	amplifying	amplify	VERB
easat-5348	9	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	9	18	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5348	9	19	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	9	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	9	21	these	these	DET
easat-5348	9	22	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	9	23	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	9	24	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	9	25	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	9	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	10	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	10	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	10	3	not	not	PART
easat-5348	10	4	only	only	ADV
easat-5348	10	5	reaffirms	reaffirm	VERB
easat-5348	10	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	10	7	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-5348	10	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	10	9	a	a	DET
easat-5348	10	10	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-5348	10	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	10	12	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	10	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	10	14	rich	rich	ADJ
easat-5348	10	15	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	10	16	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	10	17	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5348	10	18	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	10	19	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-5348	10	20	the	the	DET
easat-5348	10	21	transformative	transformative	ADJ
easat-5348	10	22	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-5348	10	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	10	24	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	10	25	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	10	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	10	27	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	10	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	11	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	11	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	11	3	prompt	prompt	VERB
easat-5348	11	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	11	5	reevaluation	reevaluation	NOUN
easat-5348	11	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	11	7	current	current	ADJ
easat-5348	11	8	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-5348	11	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	11	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	11	11	advocate	advocate	VERB
easat-5348	11	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	11	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	11	14	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	11	15	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-5348	11	16	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-5348	11	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	11	18	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	11	19	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-5348	11	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	11	21	leveraging	leverage	VERB
easat-5348	11	22	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5348	11	23	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	11	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	11	25	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-5348	11	26	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	11	27	to	to	PART
easat-5348	11	28	foster	foster	VERB
easat-5348	11	29	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	11	30	success	success	NOUN
easat-5348	11	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	12	1	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	12	2	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5348	12	3	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	12	4	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	12	5	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-5348	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	12	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	12	8	training	training	NOUN
easat-5348	12	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	12	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	12	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-5348	12	12	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	12	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	12	14	this	this	DET
easat-5348	12	15	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	12	16	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-5348	12	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	12	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	12	19	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-5348	12	20	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
easat-5348	12	21	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	12	22	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-5348	12	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	12	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	12	25	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	12	26	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	12	27	a	a	DET
easat-5348	12	28	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5348	12	29	age	age	NOUN
easat-5348	12	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-5348	13	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	3	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	13	4	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	13	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	13	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	13	7	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	13	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	9	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	13	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	13	13	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	13	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	15	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	13	16	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	18	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	13	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	20	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	13	21	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	13	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	13	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	24	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	13	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	13	27	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	13	28	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	13	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	14	1	1	1	X
easat-5348	14	2	.	.	X
easat-5348	14	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-5348	14	4	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	14	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	14	6	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-5348	14	7	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-5348	14	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	14	9	global	global	ADJ
easat-5348	14	10	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-5348	14	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	14	12	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	14	13	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	14	14	a	a	DET
easat-5348	14	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	14	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	14	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	14	18	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	14	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	14	20	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	14	21	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	14	22	become	become	VERB
easat-5348	14	23	a	a	DET
easat-5348	14	24	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-5348	14	25	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	14	26	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	14	27	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5348	14	28	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	14	29	non	non	ADJ
easat-5348	14	30	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	14	31	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	14	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	14	33	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-5348	14	34	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5348	14	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	14	36	including	include	VERB
easat-5348	14	37	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	14	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	15	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	15	2	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	15	3	to	to	PART
easat-5348	15	4	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5348	15	5	understand	understand	VERB
easat-5348	15	6	spoken	spoken	ADJ
easat-5348	15	7	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	15	8	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	15	9	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5348	15	10	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	15	11	mastering	master	VERB
easat-5348	15	12	the	the	DET
easat-5348	15	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	15	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	15	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5348	15	16	impacting	impact	VERB
easat-5348	15	17	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-5348	15	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-5348	15	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	15	20	job	job	NOUN
easat-5348	15	21	prospects	prospect	NOUN
easat-5348	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	15	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	15	24	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
easat-5348	15	25	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-5348	15	26	[	[	X
easat-5348	15	27	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	15	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	15	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	16	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	16	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	16	3	aims	aim	VERB
easat-5348	16	4	to	to	PART
easat-5348	16	5	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	16	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	16	7	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-5348	16	8	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-5348	16	9	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	16	10	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	16	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	16	12	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	16	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	16	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	16	15	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-5348	16	16	use	use	NOUN
easat-5348	16	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	16	18	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	16	19	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	16	20	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	16	21	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	16	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	16	23	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	16	24	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	16	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	16	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	16	27	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	16	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	16	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	16	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	16	31	the	the	DET
easat-5348	16	32	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-5348	16	33	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	16	34	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	16	35	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	16	36	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	16	37	chinese	chinese	PROPN
easat-5348	16	38	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	16	39	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	16	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	17	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	17	2	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	17	3	background	background	NOUN
easat-5348	17	4	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	17	5	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	17	6	presents	present	VERB
easat-5348	17	7	a	a	DET
easat-5348	17	8	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-5348	17	9	context	context	NOUN
easat-5348	17	10	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	17	11	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	17	12	learning	learning	PROPN
easat-5348	17	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	17	14	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-5348	17	15	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	17	16	large	large	ADJ
easat-5348	17	17	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-5348	17	18	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-5348	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	17	20	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5348	17	21	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	17	22	backgrounds	background	NOUN
easat-5348	17	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	17	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	17	25	a	a	DET
easat-5348	17	26	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	17	27	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
easat-5348	17	28	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	17	29	rote	rote	ADJ
easat-5348	17	30	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	17	31	[	[	X
easat-5348	17	32	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	17	33	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	17	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	18	1	within	within	ADP
easat-5348	18	2	this	this	DET
easat-5348	18	3	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5348	18	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	18	5	several	several	ADJ
easat-5348	18	6	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-5348	18	7	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	18	8	have	have	AUX
easat-5348	18	9	been	be	AUX
easat-5348	18	10	recognized	recognize	VERB
easat-5348	18	11	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	18	12	having	have	VERB
easat-5348	18	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	18	14	profound	profound	ADJ
easat-5348	18	15	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	18	16	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	18	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	18	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	18	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	18	20	process	process	NOUN
easat-5348	18	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	19	1	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	19	2	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	19	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	19	4	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
easat-5348	19	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	19	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	19	7	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-5348	19	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	19	9	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	19	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	19	12	establishment	establishment	NOUN
easat-5348	19	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	19	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-5348	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	19	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	19	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	19	18	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-5348	19	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	19	20	a	a	DET
easat-5348	19	21	conducive	conducive	ADJ
easat-5348	19	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	19	23	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	19	24	grissom	grissom	PROPN
easat-5348	19	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	19	26	et	et	PROPN
easat-5348	19	27	al	al	PROPN
easat-5348	19	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	20	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	20	2	3	3	X
easat-5348	20	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	20	4	serves	serve	VERB
easat-5348	20	5	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	20	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	20	7	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
easat-5348	20	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	20	9	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5348	20	10	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	20	11	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	20	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	21	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	21	2	function	function	NOUN
easat-5348	21	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	21	4	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	21	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	21	6	transcends	transcend	VERB
easat-5348	21	7	mere	mere	ADJ
easat-5348	21	8	818	818	NUM
easat-5348	21	9	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	21	10	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	21	11	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	21	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	21	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	21	14	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	21	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	21	16	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	21	17	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	21	18	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	21	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	21	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	22	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	22	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	22	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	23	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	23	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	23	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	23	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	23	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	23	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	23	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	23	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	23	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	23	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	23	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	23	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	23	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	23	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	23	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5348	23	20	content	content	PROPN
easat-5348	23	21	delivery	delivery	NOUN
easat-5348	23	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	23	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	23	24	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-5348	23	25	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-5348	23	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	27	interactive	interactive	ADJ
easat-5348	23	28	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	23	29	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	23	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	23	32	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	23	33	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	23	34	to	to	PART
easat-5348	23	35	inspire	inspire	VERB
easat-5348	23	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	23	37	motivate	motivate	VERB
easat-5348	23	38	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	23	39	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	23	40	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5348	23	41	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	23	42	shaping	shape	VERB
easat-5348	23	43	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	23	44	’	’	PART
easat-5348	23	45	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
easat-5348	23	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	23	47	achievements	achievement	NOUN
easat-5348	23	48	[	[	X
easat-5348	23	49	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	23	50	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	23	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	24	2	human	human	ADJ
easat-5348	24	3	elements	element	NOUN
easat-5348	24	4	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	24	5	complemented	complement	VERB
easat-5348	24	6	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	24	7	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	24	8	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	24	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	24	11	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	24	12	well	well	ADV
easat-5348	24	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	14	equipped	equip	VERB
easat-5348	24	15	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	24	16	laboratories	laboratory	NOUN
easat-5348	24	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	18	access	access	NOUN
easat-5348	24	19	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	24	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5348	24	21	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	24	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	24	24	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-5348	24	25	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5348	24	26	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-5348	24	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	28	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	24	29	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	24	30	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-5348	24	31	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	24	32	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-5348	24	33	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	24	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	24	35	exposure	exposure	NOUN
easat-5348	24	36	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	24	37	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-5348	24	38	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	24	39	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-5348	24	40	[	[	X
easat-5348	24	41	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	24	42	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	24	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-5348	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	25	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	25	5	’	’	PART
easat-5348	25	6	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
easat-5348	25	7	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	9	encompassing	encompass	VERB
easat-5348	25	10	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	25	11	interests	interest	NOUN
easat-5348	25	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	13	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-5348	25	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	25	16	perseverance	perseverance	NOUN
easat-5348	25	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	18	constitutes	constitute	VERB
easat-5348	25	19	a	a	DET
easat-5348	25	20	potent	potent	ADJ
easat-5348	25	21	determinant	determinant	NOUN
easat-5348	25	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	25	23	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	25	24	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-5348	25	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	25	26	success	success	NOUN
easat-5348	25	27	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	25	28	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	25	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	25	30	endeavors	endeavor	NOUN
easat-5348	25	31	[	[	X
easat-5348	25	32	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	25	33	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	25	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	26	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	26	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-5348	26	3	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	26	4	these	these	DET
easat-5348	26	5	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	26	6	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	26	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	26	8	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	26	9	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	26	10	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-5348	26	11	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-5348	26	12	paradigms	paradigm	NOUN
easat-5348	26	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	26	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	26	15	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-5348	26	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	1	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	27	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	3	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	27	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	27	5	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	27	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	7	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	27	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	9	leverages	leverage	VERB
easat-5348	27	10	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	27	11	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	27	12	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	13	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-5348	27	14	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-5348	27	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	27	16	versatility	versatility	NOUN
easat-5348	27	17	to	to	PART
easat-5348	27	18	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	27	19	personalized	personalize	VERB
easat-5348	27	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	21	adaptable	adaptable	ADJ
easat-5348	27	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	27	24	interactive	interactive	ADJ
easat-5348	27	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	27	26	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	27	27	[	[	X
easat-5348	27	28	7	7	NUM
easat-5348	27	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	27	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	28	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	28	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	28	3	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	28	4	exercise	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	28	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	28	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	28	7	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	28	8	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	28	9	imitate	imitate	VERB
easat-5348	28	10	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	28	11	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	28	12	’	’	PART
easat-5348	28	13	speech	speech	NOUN
easat-5348	28	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	28	15	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	28	16	hamada	hamada	PROPN
easat-5348	28	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	28	18	suzuki	suzuki	PROPN
easat-5348	28	19	[	[	X
easat-5348	28	20	8	8	NUM
easat-5348	28	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	28	22	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	28	23	been	be	AUX
easat-5348	28	24	revived	revive	VERB
easat-5348	28	25	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	28	26	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	28	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	28	28	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-5348	28	29	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	28	30	to	to	PART
easat-5348	28	31	engage	engage	VERB
easat-5348	28	32	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	28	33	the	the	DET
easat-5348	28	34	immersive	immersive	NOUN
easat-5348	28	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	28	36	self	self	NOUN
easat-5348	28	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	28	38	paced	pace	VERB
easat-5348	28	39	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	28	40	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	28	41	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	28	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	28	43	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	28	44	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	28	45	[	[	X
easat-5348	28	46	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	28	47	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	28	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	29	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	29	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	29	3	posits	posit	NOUN
easat-5348	29	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	29	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	29	6	incorporation	incorporation	NOUN
easat-5348	29	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	29	8	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	29	9	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	29	10	within	within	ADP
easat-5348	29	11	a	a	DET
easat-5348	29	12	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	29	13	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5348	29	14	not	not	PART
easat-5348	29	15	only	only	ADV
easat-5348	29	16	directly	directly	ADV
easat-5348	29	17	augments	augment	VERB
easat-5348	29	18	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	29	19	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	29	20	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5348	29	21	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	29	22	moderates	moderate	VERB
easat-5348	29	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	29	24	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	29	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	29	26	other	other	ADJ
easat-5348	29	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	29	28	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	29	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	29	30	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5348	29	31	magnifying	magnify	VERB
easat-5348	29	32	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	29	33	combined	combine	VERB
easat-5348	29	34	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	29	35	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	29	36	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	29	37	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	29	38	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	29	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	30	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-5348	30	3	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-5348	30	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	30	5	this	this	DET
easat-5348	30	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	30	7	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	30	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	30	9	empirically	empirically	ADV
easat-5348	30	10	investigate	investigate	VERB
easat-5348	30	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	30	12	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	30	13	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	30	14	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	30	15	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	30	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	17	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	30	18	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	30	19	’	’	PART
easat-5348	30	20	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	30	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	30	23	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	30	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	25	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	30	26	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	27	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	30	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	29	the	the	DET
easat-5348	30	30	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-5348	30	31	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	30	32	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	30	33	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	30	34	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	30	35	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	30	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	30	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	30	38	the	the	DET
easat-5348	30	39	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	30	40	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	30	41	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	30	42	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	30	43	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	30	44	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	30	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	31	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	31	2	employing	employ	VERB
easat-5348	31	3	a	a	DET
easat-5348	31	4	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-5348	31	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-5348	31	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	31	7	analyzing	analyze	VERB
easat-5348	31	8	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	31	9	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	31	10	a	a	DET
easat-5348	31	11	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	31	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	31	13	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	31	14	college	college	NOUN
easat-5348	31	15	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	31	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	31	17	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	31	18	city	city	PROPN
easat-5348	31	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	31	20	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	31	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	31	22	this	this	DET
easat-5348	31	23	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	31	24	aims	aim	VERB
easat-5348	31	25	to	to	PART
easat-5348	31	26	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-5348	31	27	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-5348	31	28	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5348	31	29	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	31	30	the	the	DET
easat-5348	31	31	field	field	NOUN
easat-5348	31	32	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	31	33	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	31	34	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	31	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	31	36	inform	inform	VERB
easat-5348	31	37	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-5348	31	38	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	31	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	31	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	31	41	guide	guide	VERB
easat-5348	31	42	the	the	DET
easat-5348	31	43	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	31	44	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	31	45	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	31	46	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	31	47	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5348	31	48	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	31	49	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	31	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	32	1	2	2	X
easat-5348	32	2	.	.	X
easat-5348	32	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-5348	32	4	review	review	VERB
easat-5348	32	5	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-5348	32	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	33	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	33	2	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-5348	33	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	33	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	33	5	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	33	6	2.1.1	2.1.1	NUM
easat-5348	33	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	34	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	34	2	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	34	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	34	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	34	5	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	34	6	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	34	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	34	8	formulated	formulate	VERB
easat-5348	34	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	34	10	krashen	krashen	ADJ
easat-5348	34	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	34	12	krashen	krashen	ADJ
easat-5348	34	13	[	[	X
easat-5348	34	14	10	10	NUM
easat-5348	34	15	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	34	16	posits	posit	NOUN
easat-5348	34	17	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	34	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	34	19	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	34	20	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	34	21	largely	largely	ADV
easat-5348	34	22	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-5348	34	23	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	34	24	the	the	DET
easat-5348	34	25	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	34	26	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	34	27	exposure	exposure	NOUN
easat-5348	34	28	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	34	29	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ
easat-5348	34	30	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	34	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	34	32	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	34	33	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	34	34	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	34	35	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	34	36	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5348	34	37	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-5348	34	38	the	the	DET
easat-5348	34	39	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	34	40	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	34	41	current	current	ADJ
easat-5348	34	42	level	level	NOUN
easat-5348	34	43	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	34	44	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	34	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	35	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	35	2	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5348	35	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-5348	35	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	35	5	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-5348	35	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	35	7	“	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	35	8	i	i	PROPN
easat-5348	35	9	+	+	NOUN
easat-5348	35	10	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	35	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	35	12	”	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	35	13	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	35	14	refers	refer	VERB
easat-5348	35	15	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	35	16	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	35	17	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	35	18	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	35	19	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5348	35	20	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-5348	35	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	35	22	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	35	23	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	35	24	current	current	ADJ
easat-5348	35	25	level	level	NOUN
easat-5348	35	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	35	27	proficiencymason	proficiencymason	NOUN
easat-5348	35	28	[	[	X
easat-5348	35	29	11	11	NUM
easat-5348	35	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	35	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	36	1	krashen	krashen	ADJ
easat-5348	37	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	37	2	12	12	NUM
easat-5348	37	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	37	4	posits	posit	NOUN
easat-5348	37	5	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	37	6	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	37	7	make	make	VERB
easat-5348	37	8	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-5348	37	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5348	37	10	they	they	PRON
easat-5348	37	11	encounter	encounter	VERB
easat-5348	37	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	37	13	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	37	14	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	37	15	challenges	challenge	VERB
easat-5348	37	16	them	they	PRON
easat-5348	37	17	just	just	ADV
easat-5348	37	18	enough	enough	ADV
easat-5348	37	19	to	to	PART
easat-5348	37	20	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-5348	37	21	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	37	22	without	without	ADP
easat-5348	37	23	overwhelming	overwhelm	VERB
easat-5348	37	24	them	they	PRON
easat-5348	37	25	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	37	26	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-5348	37	27	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-5348	37	28	[	[	X
easat-5348	37	29	13	13	NUM
easat-5348	37	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	37	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	38	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	38	2	the	the	DET
easat-5348	38	3	context	context	NOUN
easat-5348	38	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	38	5	this	this	DET
easat-5348	38	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	38	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	38	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	38	9	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	38	10	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	38	11	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	38	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	38	13	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	38	14	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5348	38	15	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	38	16	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-5348	38	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	38	18	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	38	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	38	20	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	38	21	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	38	22	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	38	23	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	38	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	38	25	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	38	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	38	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	38	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	38	29	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	38	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	38	31	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	38	32	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	38	33	the	the	DET
easat-5348	38	34	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	38	35	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	38	36	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	38	37	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	38	38	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	38	39	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	38	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	39	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-5348	39	2	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	39	3	krashen	krashen	NOUN
easat-5348	39	4	[	[	X
easat-5348	39	5	12	12	NUM
easat-5348	39	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	39	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	39	8	building	build	VERB
easat-5348	39	9	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	39	10	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	39	11	requires	require	VERB
easat-5348	39	12	exposure	exposure	NOUN
easat-5348	39	13	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	39	14	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-5348	39	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	39	16	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ
easat-5348	39	17	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	39	18	[	[	X
easat-5348	39	19	14	14	NUM
easat-5348	39	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	39	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	40	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	40	2	the	the	DET
easat-5348	40	3	case	case	NOUN
easat-5348	40	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	40	5	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	40	6	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	40	7	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	40	8	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	40	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	40	10	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	40	11	listen	listen	VERB
easat-5348	40	12	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	40	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	40	14	imitate	imitate	VERB
easat-5348	40	15	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	40	16	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	40	17	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	40	18	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	40	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	40	20	intonation	intonation	NOUN
easat-5348	40	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	40	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	40	23	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN
easat-5348	40	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	40	25	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5348	40	26	receiving	receive	VERB
easat-5348	40	27	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ
easat-5348	40	28	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	40	29	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	40	30	aligns	align	VERB
easat-5348	40	31	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	40	32	krashen	krashen	ADJ
easat-5348	40	33	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	40	34	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	40	35	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	40	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	41	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	41	2	exposure	exposure	NOUN
easat-5348	41	3	to	to	PART
easat-5348	41	4	target	target	VERB
easat-5348	41	5	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	41	6	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-5348	41	7	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-5348	41	8	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	41	9	current	current	ADJ
easat-5348	41	10	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	41	11	level	level	NOUN
easat-5348	41	12	allows	allow	VERB
easat-5348	41	13	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	41	14	to	to	PART
easat-5348	41	15	gradually	gradually	ADV
easat-5348	41	16	internalize	internalize	VERB
easat-5348	41	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	41	18	develop	develop	VERB
easat-5348	41	19	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	41	20	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	41	21	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	41	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	42	1	2.1.2	2.1.2	X
easat-5348	42	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	42	3	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	42	4	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	42	5	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5348	42	6	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	42	7	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	42	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	42	9	being	be	AUX
easat-5348	42	10	portable	portable	ADJ
easat-5348	42	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	42	12	widely	widely	ADV
easat-5348	42	13	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-5348	42	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	42	15	have	have	AUX
easat-5348	42	16	gained	gain	VERB
easat-5348	42	17	immense	immense	ADJ
easat-5348	42	18	popularity	popularity	NOUN
easat-5348	42	19	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
easat-5348	42	20	[	[	X
easat-5348	42	21	15	15	NUM
easat-5348	42	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	42	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	43	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	43	2	some	some	DET
easat-5348	43	3	regions	region	NOUN
easat-5348	43	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	43	5	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	43	6	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	43	7	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	43	8	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	43	9	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-5348	43	10	than	than	ADP
easat-5348	43	11	computers	computer	NOUN
easat-5348	43	12	[	[	X
easat-5348	43	13	7	7	NUM
easat-5348	43	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	43	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	44	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	44	2	ubiquity	ubiquity	NOUN
easat-5348	44	3	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	44	4	sparked	spark	VERB
easat-5348	44	5	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5348	44	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	44	7	leveraging	leverage	VERB
easat-5348	44	8	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	44	9	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	44	10	to	to	PART
easat-5348	44	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	44	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	44	13	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	44	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	45	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	45	2	origins	origin	NOUN
easat-5348	45	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	45	4	mlearning	mlearne	VERB
easat-5348	45	5	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	45	6	be	be	AUX
easat-5348	45	7	traced	trace	VERB
easat-5348	45	8	back	back	ADV
easat-5348	45	9	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	45	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	45	11	early	early	ADJ
easat-5348	45	12	2000s	2000s	NUM
easat-5348	45	13	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5348	45	14	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	45	15	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	45	16	started	start	VERB
easat-5348	45	17	gaining	gain	VERB
easat-5348	45	18	popularity	popularity	NOUN
easat-5348	45	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	45	20	became	become	VERB
easat-5348	45	21	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	45	22	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-5348	45	23	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	45	24	a	a	DET
easat-5348	45	25	wider	wide	ADJ
easat-5348	45	26	audience	audience	NOUN
easat-5348	45	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	46	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5348	46	2	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	46	3	advanced	advance	VERB
easat-5348	46	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	46	5	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	46	6	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	46	7	evolved	evolve	VERB
easat-5348	46	8	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	46	9	basic	basic	ADJ
easat-5348	46	10	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-5348	46	11	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-5348	46	12	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	46	13	powerful	powerful	ADJ
easat-5348	46	14	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-5348	46	15	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	46	16	capable	capable	ADJ
easat-5348	46	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	46	18	supporting	support	VERB
easat-5348	46	19	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	46	20	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	46	21	applications	application	NOUN
easat-5348	46	22	[	[	X
easat-5348	46	23	16	16	NUM
easat-5348	46	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	46	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	47	1	819	819	NUM
easat-5348	47	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	47	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	47	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	47	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	47	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	47	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	47	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	47	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	47	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	47	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	47	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	47	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	48	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	48	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	48	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	49	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	49	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	49	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	49	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	49	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	49	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	49	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	49	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	49	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	49	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	49	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	49	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	49	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	49	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	49	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	49	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	49	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	49	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	49	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5348	49	20	m	m	PROPN
easat-5348	49	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	49	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	49	23	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	49	24	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5348	49	25	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	49	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	49	27	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	49	28	to	to	PART
easat-5348	49	29	occur	occur	VERB
easat-5348	49	30	outside	outside	ADP
easat-5348	49	31	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-5348	49	32	locations	location	NOUN
easat-5348	49	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	49	34	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
easat-5348	49	35	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-5348	49	36	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	49	37	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	49	38	[	[	X
easat-5348	49	39	16	16	NUM
easat-5348	49	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	49	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	50	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	50	2	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-5348	50	3	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	50	4	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	50	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	50	6	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	50	7	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	50	8	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	50	9	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	50	10	engage	engage	VERB
easat-5348	50	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	50	12	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	50	13	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	50	14	anytime	anytime	ADV
easat-5348	50	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	50	16	anywhere	anywhere	ADV
easat-5348	50	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	50	18	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-5348	50	19	them	they	PRON
easat-5348	50	20	to	to	PART
easat-5348	50	21	practice	practice	VERB
easat-5348	50	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	50	23	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	50	24	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	50	25	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	50	26	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	50	27	flexibly	flexibly	ADV
easat-5348	51	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	51	2	17	17	NUM
easat-5348	51	3	]	]	SYM
easat-5348	51	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	1	2.1.3	2.1.3	NUM
easat-5348	52	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	3	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-5348	52	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	5	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	52	6	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5348	52	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	8	sct	sct	PROPN
easat-5348	52	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	10	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-5348	52	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	12	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	52	13	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5348	52	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	15	sct	sct	PROPN
easat-5348	52	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	17	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	52	18	developed	develop	VERB
easat-5348	52	19	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	52	20	the	the	DET
easat-5348	52	21	renowned	renowned	ADJ
easat-5348	52	22	psychologist	psychologist	NOUN
easat-5348	52	23	vygotsky	vygotsky	NOUN
easat-5348	52	24	[	[	X
easat-5348	52	25	18	18	NUM
easat-5348	52	26	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	52	27	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	52	28	the	the	DET
easat-5348	52	29	early	early	ADJ
easat-5348	52	30	20th	20th	ADJ
easat-5348	52	31	century	century	NOUN
easat-5348	52	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	53	1	sct	sct	PROPN
easat-5348	53	2	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-5348	53	3	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	53	4	children	child	NOUN
easat-5348	53	5	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	53	6	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-5348	53	7	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	53	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	53	9	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-5348	53	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	53	11	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-5348	53	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	53	13	social	social	ADJ
easat-5348	53	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	53	15	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	53	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	53	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	53	18	biological	biological	ADJ
easat-5348	53	19	elements	element	NOUN
easat-5348	53	20	[	[	X
easat-5348	53	21	19	19	NUM
easat-5348	53	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	53	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	54	1	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	54	2	believes	believe	VERB
easat-5348	54	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	54	4	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-5348	54	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	54	6	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	54	7	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-5348	54	8	play	play	VERB
easat-5348	54	9	a	a	DET
easat-5348	54	10	central	central	ADJ
easat-5348	54	11	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	54	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	54	13	human	human	ADJ
easat-5348	54	14	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-5348	54	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	54	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	54	17	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	54	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	54	19	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	54	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	54	21	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5348	54	22	mental	mental	ADJ
easat-5348	54	23	functioning	functioning	NOUN
easat-5348	54	24	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	54	25	a	a	DET
easat-5348	54	26	process	process	NOUN
easat-5348	54	27	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	54	28	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	54	29	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5348	54	30	internalize	internalize	VERB
easat-5348	54	31	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	54	32	regulate	regulate	VERB
easat-5348	54	33	what	what	PRON
easat-5348	54	34	they	they	PRON
easat-5348	54	35	learn	learn	VERB
easat-5348	54	36	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	54	37	social	social	ADJ
easat-5348	54	38	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5348	54	39	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	54	40	the	the	DET
easat-5348	54	41	mediation	mediation	NOUN
easat-5348	54	42	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	54	43	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
easat-5348	54	44	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-5348	54	45	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	54	46	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	54	47	going	go	VERB
easat-5348	54	48	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	54	49	the	the	DET
easat-5348	54	50	zone	zone	NOUN
easat-5348	54	51	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	54	52	proximal	proximal	ADJ
easat-5348	54	53	development[20	development[20	NOUN
easat-5348	54	54	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	54	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	55	1	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-5348	55	2	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	55	3	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5348	55	4	acquire	acquire	VERB
easat-5348	55	5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5348	55	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	55	7	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	55	8	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	55	9	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-5348	55	10	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	55	11	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	55	12	knowledgeable	knowledgeable	ADJ
easat-5348	55	13	others	other	NOUN
easat-5348	55	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	55	15	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	55	16	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	55	17	parents	parent	NOUN
easat-5348	55	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	55	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	55	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	55	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	55	22	peers	peer	NOUN
easat-5348	55	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	56	1	he	he	PRON
easat-5348	56	2	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-5348	56	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	56	4	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	56	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	56	6	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	56	7	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	56	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	56	9	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-5348	56	10	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	56	11	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-5348	56	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	56	13	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-5348	56	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	56	15	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5348	56	16	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	56	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	56	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	56	19	social	social	ADJ
easat-5348	56	20	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-5348	56	21	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	56	22	intricately	intricately	ADV
easat-5348	56	23	connected	connect	VERB
easat-5348	56	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	56	25	promote	promote	VERB
easat-5348	56	26	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-5348	56	27	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	56	28	[	[	X
easat-5348	56	29	20	20	NUM
easat-5348	56	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	56	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	57	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-5348	57	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	58	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	58	2	review	review	NOUN
easat-5348	58	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	58	4	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	58	5	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	58	6	2.2.1	2.2.1	NUM
easat-5348	58	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	59	1	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	59	2	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	59	3	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	59	4	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	59	5	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	59	6	a	a	DET
easat-5348	59	7	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5348	59	8	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	59	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	59	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	59	11	success	success	NOUN
easat-5348	59	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	59	13	any	any	DET
easat-5348	59	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	59	15	initiative	initiative	NOUN
easat-5348	59	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	59	17	including	include	VERB
easat-5348	59	18	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	59	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	59	20	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	59	21	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	59	22	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	59	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	60	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	60	2	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	60	3	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	60	4	manifest	manifest	VERB
easat-5348	60	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	60	6	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	60	7	forms	form	NOUN
easat-5348	60	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	60	9	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	60	10	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	60	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	60	12	provision	provision	NOUN
easat-5348	60	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	60	14	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-5348	60	15	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5348	60	16	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	60	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	60	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	60	19	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-5348	60	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	60	21	a	a	DET
easat-5348	60	22	conducive	conducive	ADJ
easat-5348	60	23	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	60	24	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	60	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	60	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	60	27	the	the	DET
easat-5348	60	28	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN
easat-5348	60	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	60	30	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-5348	60	31	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	60	32	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	60	33	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	60	34	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	60	35	administrators	administrator	NOUN
easat-5348	60	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	61	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	61	2	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	61	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	61	4	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	61	5	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	61	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	61	7	to	to	PART
easat-5348	61	8	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-5348	61	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	61	10	both	both	DET
easat-5348	61	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	61	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	61	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	61	14	have	have	VERB
easat-5348	61	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	61	16	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-5348	61	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	61	18	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	61	19	needed	need	VERB
easat-5348	61	20	to	to	PART
easat-5348	61	21	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5348	61	22	engage	engage	VERB
easat-5348	61	23	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	61	24	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	61	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	61	26	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5348	61	27	[	[	X
easat-5348	61	28	21	21	NUM
easat-5348	61	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	61	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	62	1	2.2.2	2.2.2	X
easat-5348	62	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	62	3	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	62	4	teachers	teachers	PROPN
easat-5348	62	5	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	62	6	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	62	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	62	8	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	62	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	62	10	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	62	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	62	12	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	62	13	another	another	DET
easat-5348	62	14	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-5348	62	15	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	62	16	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	62	17	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5348	62	18	affects	affect	VERB
easat-5348	62	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	62	20	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	62	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	62	22	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	62	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	62	24	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	62	25	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	62	26	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	62	27	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	62	28	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	62	29	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	62	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	63	1	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	63	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	63	3	play	play	VERB
easat-5348	63	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	63	5	central	central	ADJ
easat-5348	63	6	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	63	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	63	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	63	9	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	63	10	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-5348	63	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	64	1	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	64	2	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	64	3	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-5348	64	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	64	5	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-5348	64	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-5348	64	7	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	64	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	64	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	64	10	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	64	11	to	to	PART
easat-5348	64	12	motivate	motivate	VERB
easat-5348	64	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	64	14	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	64	15	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5348	64	16	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	64	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	64	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	64	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	64	20	process	process	NOUN
easat-5348	64	21	[	[	X
easat-5348	64	22	22	22	NUM
easat-5348	64	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	64	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	65	1	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5348	65	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	65	3	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	65	4	create	create	VERB
easat-5348	65	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	65	6	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5348	65	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	65	8	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN
easat-5348	65	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	65	10	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-5348	65	11	student	student	NOUN
easat-5348	65	12	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-5348	65	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	65	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	65	15	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	65	16	timely	timely	ADJ
easat-5348	65	17	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-5348	65	18	[	[	X
easat-5348	65	19	23	23	NUM
easat-5348	65	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	65	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	1	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	66	2	have	have	AUX
easat-5348	66	3	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5348	66	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	66	5	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	66	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	7	student	student	NOUN
easat-5348	66	8	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-5348	66	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5348	66	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	66	12	the	the	DET
easat-5348	66	13	form	form	NOUN
easat-5348	66	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	66	15	one	one	NUM
easat-5348	66	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	17	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	66	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	19	one	one	NUM
easat-5348	66	20	tutoring	tutoring	NOUN
easat-5348	66	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	66	22	small	small	ADJ
easat-5348	66	23	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	66	24	discussions	discussion	NOUN
easat-5348	66	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	26	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	66	27	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5348	66	28	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	66	29	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	66	30	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	31	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	66	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	66	33	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	66	34	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	66	35	[	[	X
easat-5348	66	36	24	24	NUM
easat-5348	66	37	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	66	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	67	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-5348	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	67	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	67	4	who	who	PRON
easat-5348	67	5	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	67	6	trained	train	VERB
easat-5348	67	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	67	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	67	9	latest	late	ADJ
easat-5348	67	10	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-5348	67	11	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	67	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	67	13	adept	adept	ADJ
easat-5348	67	14	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	67	15	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	67	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	67	17	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	67	18	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	67	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	67	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	67	21	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	67	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	67	23	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	67	24	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	67	25	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	67	26	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	67	27	[	[	X
easat-5348	67	28	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	67	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	67	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	68	1	2.2.3	2.2.3	X
easat-5348	68	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	69	1	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	69	2	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	69	3	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	69	4	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	69	5	refer	refer	VERB
easat-5348	69	6	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	69	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	69	8	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-5348	69	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	69	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5348	69	11	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	69	12	available	available	ADJ
easat-5348	69	13	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	69	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	69	15	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	69	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	69	17	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	69	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	70	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5348	70	2	includes	include	VERB
easat-5348	70	3	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	70	4	laboratories	laboratory	NOUN
easat-5348	70	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	70	6	access	access	NOUN
easat-5348	70	7	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	70	8	online	online	ADJ
easat-5348	70	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	70	10	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-5348	70	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	70	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	70	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	70	14	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-5348	70	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	70	16	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-5348	70	17	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	70	18	materials	material	NOUN
easat-5348	70	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	71	1	well	well	ADV
easat-5348	71	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	71	3	equipped	equip	VERB
easat-5348	71	4	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	71	5	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	71	6	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	71	7	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	71	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	71	9	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	71	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	71	11	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5348	71	12	to	to	PART
easat-5348	71	13	practice	practice	VERB
easat-5348	71	14	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	71	15	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	71	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	71	17	a	a	DET
easat-5348	71	18	controlled	control	VERB
easat-5348	71	19	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	71	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	71	21	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-5348	71	22	them	they	PRON
easat-5348	71	23	to	to	PART
easat-5348	71	24	focus	focus	VERB
easat-5348	71	25	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	71	26	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-5348	71	27	areas	area	NOUN
easat-5348	71	28	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	71	29	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-5348	71	30	[	[	X
easat-5348	71	31	25	25	NUM
easat-5348	71	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	71	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	72	1	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	72	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-5348	72	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	72	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	72	5	laboratories	laboratory	NOUN
easat-5348	72	6	equipped	equip	VERB
easat-5348	72	7	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	72	8	headphones	headphone	NOUN
easat-5348	72	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	72	10	recording	recording	NOUN
easat-5348	72	11	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	72	12	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	72	13	help	help	VERB
easat-5348	72	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	72	15	practice	practice	VERB
easat-5348	72	16	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	72	17	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	72	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	72	19	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	72	20	involve	involve	VERB
easat-5348	72	21	mimicking	mimic	VERB
easat-5348	72	22	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	72	23	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	72	24	’	’	PART
easat-5348	72	25	speech	speech	NOUN
easat-5348	72	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	72	27	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	72	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	3	access	access	NOUN
easat-5348	73	4	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	73	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	73	6	wide	wide	ADJ
easat-5348	73	7	range	range	NOUN
easat-5348	73	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	73	9	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5348	73	10	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	73	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	73	13	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	73	14	podcasts	podcast	NOUN
easat-5348	73	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	16	videos	video	NOUN
easat-5348	73	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	73	19	interactive	interactive	ADJ
easat-5348	73	20	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	73	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	73	22	apps	app	NOUN
easat-5348	73	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	24	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	73	25	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	73	26	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	73	27	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	28	exposure	exposure	NOUN
easat-5348	73	29	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	73	30	authentic	authentic	ADJ
easat-5348	73	31	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	73	32	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-5348	73	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	73	34	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	73	35	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	73	36	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	73	37	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	73	38	[	[	X
easat-5348	73	39	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	73	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	73	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	74	1	820	820	NUM
easat-5348	74	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	74	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	74	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	74	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	74	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	74	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	74	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	74	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	74	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	74	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	74	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	74	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	75	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	75	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	75	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	76	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	76	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	76	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	76	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	76	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	76	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	76	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	76	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	76	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	76	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	76	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	76	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	76	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	76	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	76	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	76	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	76	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	76	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	76	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	76	20	2.2.4	2.2.4	NUM
easat-5348	76	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	77	1	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	77	2	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	77	3	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	77	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	77	5	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	77	6	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	77	7	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	77	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	77	9	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-5348	77	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	77	11	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
easat-5348	77	12	construct	construct	NOUN
easat-5348	77	13	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	77	14	plays	play	VERB
easat-5348	77	15	a	a	DET
easat-5348	77	16	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-5348	77	17	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	77	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	77	19	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	77	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	77	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	78	1	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	78	2	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	78	3	be	be	AUX
easat-5348	78	4	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
easat-5348	78	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	78	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	78	7	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	78	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	78	9	desire	desire	NOUN
easat-5348	78	10	to	to	PART
easat-5348	78	11	learn	learn	VERB
easat-5348	78	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	78	13	personal	personal	ADJ
easat-5348	78	14	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
easat-5348	78	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	78	16	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	78	17	extrinsic	extrinsic	ADJ
easat-5348	78	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	78	19	driven	drive	VERB
easat-5348	78	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	78	21	external	external	ADJ
easat-5348	78	22	rewards	reward	NOUN
easat-5348	78	23	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	78	24	pressures	pressure	NOUN
easat-5348	78	25	[	[	X
easat-5348	78	26	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	78	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	78	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	79	1	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-5348	79	2	the	the	DET
easat-5348	79	3	motivational	motivational	ADJ
easat-5348	79	4	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	79	5	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	79	6	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	79	7	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	79	8	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	79	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-5348	79	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	79	11	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	79	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	79	13	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	79	14	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	79	15	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	79	16	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	79	17	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5348	79	18	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	79	19	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5348	79	20	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	79	21	to	to	PART
easat-5348	79	22	increase	increase	VERB
easat-5348	79	23	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	79	24	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-5348	79	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	79	26	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	79	27	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	79	28	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	79	29	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	79	30	[	[	X
easat-5348	79	31	26	26	NUM
easat-5348	79	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	79	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	80	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-5348	80	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	81	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	81	2	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-5348	81	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	81	4	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	81	5	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	81	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	81	7	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	81	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	81	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	81	10	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	81	11	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	81	12	2.3.1	2.3.1	NUM
easat-5348	81	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	82	1	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	82	2	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	82	3	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	82	4	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	82	5	involve	involve	VERB
easat-5348	82	6	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	82	7	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	82	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	82	9	a	a	DET
easat-5348	82	10	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	82	11	speaker	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	82	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	82	13	then	then	ADV
easat-5348	82	14	immediately	immediately	ADV
easat-5348	82	15	repeating	repeat	VERB
easat-5348	82	16	what	what	PRON
easat-5348	82	17	they	they	PRON
easat-5348	82	18	hear	hear	VERB
easat-5348	82	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	82	20	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-5348	82	21	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	82	22	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	82	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	82	24	intonation	intonation	NOUN
easat-5348	82	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	82	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	82	27	rhythm	rhythm	PROPN
easat-5348	82	28	[	[	X
easat-5348	82	29	27	27	NUM
easat-5348	82	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	82	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	83	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	83	2	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	83	3	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	83	4	been	be	AUX
easat-5348	83	5	shown	show	VERB
easat-5348	83	6	to	to	PART
easat-5348	83	7	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	83	8	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	83	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	83	10	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	83	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	83	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	83	13	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	83	14	auditory	auditory	ADJ
easat-5348	83	15	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-5348	83	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	83	17	muscle	muscle	NOUN
easat-5348	83	18	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-5348	83	19	[	[	X
easat-5348	83	20	28	28	NUM
easat-5348	83	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	83	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	84	1	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	84	2	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	84	3	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	84	4	be	be	AUX
easat-5348	84	5	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5348	84	6	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5348	84	7	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	84	8	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	84	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	84	10	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5348	84	11	they	they	PRON
easat-5348	84	12	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	84	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	84	14	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-5348	84	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	84	16	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
easat-5348	84	17	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	84	18	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	84	19	helps	help	VERB
easat-5348	84	20	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	84	21	internalize	internalize	VERB
easat-5348	84	22	the	the	DET
easat-5348	84	23	sounds	sound	NOUN
easat-5348	84	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	84	25	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-5348	84	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	84	27	the	the	DET
easat-5348	84	28	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	84	29	[	[	X
easat-5348	84	30	29	29	NUM
easat-5348	84	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	84	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	85	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	85	2	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-5348	85	3	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-5348	85	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	85	5	receive	receive	VERB
easat-5348	85	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	85	7	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	85	8	own	own	ADJ
easat-5348	85	9	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	85	10	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	85	11	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	85	12	help	help	VERB
easat-5348	85	13	them	they	PRON
easat-5348	85	14	identify	identify	VERB
easat-5348	85	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	85	16	correct	correct	ADJ
easat-5348	85	17	errors	error	NOUN
easat-5348	85	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	85	19	leading	lead	VERB
easat-5348	85	20	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	85	21	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-5348	85	22	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-5348	85	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	85	24	fluency	fluency	NOUN
easat-5348	86	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	86	2	30	30	NUM
easat-5348	86	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	86	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	87	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-5348	87	2	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	87	3	a	a	DET
easat-5348	87	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	87	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	87	6	hamada	hamada	PROPN
easat-5348	87	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	87	8	suzuki	suzuki	PROPN
easat-5348	87	9	[	[	X
easat-5348	87	10	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	87	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	87	12	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	87	13	are	be	VERB
easat-5348	87	14	sixteen	sixteen	NUM
easat-5348	87	15	different	different	ADJ
easat-5348	87	16	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	87	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	87	18	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	87	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	88	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	88	2	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	88	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	88	4	divided	divide	VERB
easat-5348	88	5	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	88	6	two	two	NUM
easat-5348	88	7	categories	category	NOUN
easat-5348	88	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	88	9	phonological	phonological	ADJ
easat-5348	88	10	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-5348	88	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	88	12	intake	intake	NOUN
easat-5348	88	13	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-5348	88	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	89	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	89	2	first	first	ADJ
easat-5348	89	3	ten	ten	NUM
easat-5348	89	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	89	5	fall	fall	VERB
easat-5348	89	6	under	under	ADP
easat-5348	89	7	phonological	phonological	ADJ
easat-5348	89	8	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-5348	89	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	89	10	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	89	11	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	89	12	not	not	PART
easat-5348	89	13	meaning	mean	VERB
easat-5348	89	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	89	15	focused	focused	ADJ
easat-5348	89	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	90	1	they	they	PRON
easat-5348	90	2	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	90	3	further	far	ADV
easat-5348	90	4	divided	divide	VERB
easat-5348	90	5	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	90	6	phoneme	phoneme	NOUN
easat-5348	90	7	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	90	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	90	9	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	90	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	91	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	91	2	last	last	ADJ
easat-5348	91	3	six	six	NUM
easat-5348	91	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	91	5	fall	fall	VERB
easat-5348	91	6	under	under	ADP
easat-5348	91	7	intake	intake	NOUN
easat-5348	91	8	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-5348	91	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	91	10	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	91	11	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-5348	91	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	91	13	meaning	meaning	NOUN
easat-5348	91	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	91	15	helps	help	VERB
easat-5348	91	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	91	17	noticing	notice	VERB
easat-5348	91	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	91	19	processing	process	VERB
easat-5348	91	20	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-5348	91	21	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-5348	91	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	91	23	auditory	auditory	ADJ
easat-5348	91	24	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	91	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	92	2	sixteen	sixteen	NUM
easat-5348	92	3	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	92	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	92	5	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	6	include	include	VERB
easat-5348	92	7	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5348	92	8	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	10	mumbling	mumbling	ADJ
easat-5348	92	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	12	textpresented	textpresented	ADJ
easat-5348	92	13	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	15	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-5348	92	16	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	92	17	shadowing	shadowing	ADJ
easat-5348	92	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	19	post	post	ADJ
easat-5348	92	20	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	92	21	shadowing	shadowing	ADJ
easat-5348	92	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	23	self	self	NOUN
easat-5348	92	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	25	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
easat-5348	92	26	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	28	pair	pair	NOUN
easat-5348	92	29	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	31	prosody	prosody	NOUN
easat-5348	92	32	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	34	gesture	gesture	NOUN
easat-5348	92	35	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	37	international	international	ADJ
easat-5348	92	38	phonetic	phonetic	ADJ
easat-5348	92	39	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN
easat-5348	92	40	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	42	content	content	NOUN
easat-5348	92	43	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	45	conversational	conversational	ADJ
easat-5348	92	46	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	48	selective	selective	ADJ
easat-5348	92	49	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	51	interactive	interactive	ADJ
easat-5348	92	52	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	54	phrase	phrase	NOUN
easat-5348	92	55	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	92	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	92	57	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	92	58	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5348	92	59	reading	reading	NOUN
easat-5348	92	60	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	93	1	overall	overall	ADV
easat-5348	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	93	3	these	these	DET
easat-5348	93	4	different	different	ADJ
easat-5348	93	5	types	type	NOUN
easat-5348	93	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	93	7	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	93	8	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	93	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	93	10	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	93	11	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5348	93	12	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5348	93	13	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	93	14	practicing	practice	VERB
easat-5348	93	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	93	16	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	93	17	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	93	18	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	93	19	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	93	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	94	2	variations	variation	NOUN
easat-5348	94	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	94	4	timing	timing	NOUN
easat-5348	94	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	6	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-5348	94	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	8	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-5348	94	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	94	10	repetition	repetition	NOUN
easat-5348	94	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	94	13	interactivity	interactivity	NOUN
easat-5348	94	14	allow	allow	VERB
easat-5348	94	15	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	94	16	to	to	PART
easat-5348	94	17	target	target	VERB
easat-5348	94	18	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-5348	94	19	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-5348	94	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	94	21	speech	speech	NOUN
easat-5348	94	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	23	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	94	24	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	94	25	phonetics	phonetic	NOUN
easat-5348	94	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	27	prosody	prosody	NOUN
easat-5348	94	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	29	content	content	NOUN
easat-5348	94	30	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	94	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	94	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	94	33	semantic	semantic	ADJ
easat-5348	94	34	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-5348	94	35	[	[	X
easat-5348	94	36	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	94	37	]	]	SYM
easat-5348	94	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	1	2.3.2	2.3.2	NUM
easat-5348	95	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	3	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	95	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	5	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	95	6	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	95	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	95	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	9	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	95	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	11	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	95	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	13	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	95	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	95	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	95	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	17	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	95	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	95	19	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	95	20	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-5348	95	21	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	95	22	a	a	DET
easat-5348	95	23	result	result	NOUN
easat-5348	95	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	95	25	the	the	DET
easat-5348	95	26	rapid	rapid	ADJ
easat-5348	95	27	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	95	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	95	29	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-5348	95	30	use	use	NOUN
easat-5348	95	31	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	95	32	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	95	33	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	95	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	96	1	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	96	2	allows	allow	VERB
easat-5348	96	3	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	96	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	96	5	to	to	PART
easat-5348	96	6	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-5348	96	7	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	96	8	smartphones	smartphone	NOUN
easat-5348	96	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	96	10	tablets	tablet	NOUN
easat-5348	96	11	to	to	PART
easat-5348	96	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	96	13	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	96	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	96	15	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	96	16	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	96	17	[	[	X
easat-5348	96	18	32	32	NUM
easat-5348	96	19	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	96	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	1	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	97	2	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	97	3	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	97	4	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	97	5	convenient	convenient	ADJ
easat-5348	97	6	access	access	NOUN
easat-5348	97	7	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	97	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	97	9	wide	wide	ADJ
easat-5348	97	10	range	range	NOUN
easat-5348	97	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	97	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	97	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	97	14	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	97	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	16	including	include	VERB
easat-5348	97	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	97	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	19	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	97	20	applications	application	NOUN
easat-5348	97	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	22	online	online	ADJ
easat-5348	97	23	courses	course	NOUN
easat-5348	97	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	25	multimedia	multimedia	NOUN
easat-5348	97	26	content	content	NOUN
easat-5348	97	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	97	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	97	30	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5348	97	31	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-5348	97	32	[	[	X
easat-5348	97	33	33	33	NUM
easat-5348	97	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	97	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	98	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	98	2	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	98	3	enable	enable	VERB
easat-5348	98	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	98	5	to	to	PART
easat-5348	98	6	engage	engage	VERB
easat-5348	98	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	98	8	self	self	NOUN
easat-5348	98	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	98	10	directed	direct	VERB
easat-5348	98	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	98	12	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-5348	98	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	98	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	98	15	practice	practice	VERB
easat-5348	98	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	98	17	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	98	18	anytime	anytime	ADV
easat-5348	98	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	98	20	anywhere	anywhere	ADV
easat-5348	98	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	98	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	98	23	interact	interact	VERB
easat-5348	98	24	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	98	25	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	98	26	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	98	27	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	98	28	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	98	29	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5348	98	30	[	[	X
easat-5348	98	31	34	34	NUM
easat-5348	98	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	98	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	99	1	mall	mall	PROPN
easat-5348	99	2	has	have	AUX
easat-5348	99	3	revolutionized	revolutionize	VERB
easat-5348	99	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	99	5	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	99	6	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	99	7	making	make	VERB
easat-5348	99	8	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	99	9	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	99	10	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-5348	99	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	99	12	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-5348	99	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	99	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	99	15	engaging	engage	VERB
easat-5348	99	16	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	99	17	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	99	18	around	around	ADP
easat-5348	99	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	99	20	world	world	NOUN
easat-5348	99	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	100	1	2.3.3	2.3.3	X
easat-5348	100	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	1	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	101	2	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	101	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	101	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5348	101	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	101	6	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	101	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	101	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	101	9	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	101	10	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	101	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	101	12	have	have	AUX
easat-5348	101	13	been	be	AUX
easat-5348	101	14	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
easat-5348	101	15	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	101	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	101	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	101	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	101	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	101	22	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-5348	101	23	working	work	VERB
easat-5348	101	24	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	101	25	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-5348	101	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	101	27	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	101	28	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	101	29	a	a	DET
easat-5348	101	30	second	second	ADJ
easat-5348	101	31	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	101	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	33	esl	esl	NOUN
easat-5348	101	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	35	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	101	36	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	101	37	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	101	38	a	a	DET
easat-5348	101	39	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	101	40	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	101	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	42	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	101	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	101	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	102	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	102	2	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-5348	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	102	4	until	until	ADP
easat-5348	102	5	recently	recently	ADV
easat-5348	102	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	102	7	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	102	8	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	102	9	the	the	DET
easat-5348	102	10	least	least	ADJ
easat-5348	102	11	researched	research	VERB
easat-5348	102	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	102	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	102	14	four	four	NUM
easat-5348	102	15	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	102	16	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	102	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	102	18	second	second	ADJ
easat-5348	102	19	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	102	20	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	102	21	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	102	22	[	[	X
easat-5348	102	23	35	35	NUM
easat-5348	102	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	102	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	103	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5348	103	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	103	3	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	103	4	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	103	5	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	103	6	a	a	DET
easat-5348	103	7	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-5348	103	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	103	9	active	active	ADJ
easat-5348	103	10	process	process	NOUN
easat-5348	103	11	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	103	12	requires	require	VERB
easat-5348	103	13	conscious	conscious	ADJ
easat-5348	103	14	effort	effort	NOUN
easat-5348	103	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	103	16	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-5348	103	17	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	103	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	103	19	listener	listener	NOUN
easat-5348	103	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	104	1	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	104	2	involves	involve	VERB
easat-5348	104	3	constructing	construct	VERB
easat-5348	104	4	meaning	meaning	NOUN
easat-5348	104	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	104	6	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	104	7	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-5348	104	8	information	information	NOUN
easat-5348	104	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	104	10	existing	exist	VERB
easat-5348	104	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5348	104	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	104	13	decoding	decode	VERB
easat-5348	104	14	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-5348	104	15	forms	form	NOUN
easat-5348	104	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	104	17	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-5348	104	18	speaker	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	104	19	intention	intention	NOUN
easat-5348	104	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	104	21	coping	cope	VERB
easat-5348	104	22	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	104	23	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	104	24	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	104	25	an	an	DET
easat-5348	104	26	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-5348	104	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	104	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	104	29	recognizing	recognize	VERB
easat-5348	104	30	different	different	ADJ
easat-5348	104	31	genres	genre	NOUN
easat-5348	104	32	[	[	X
easat-5348	104	33	36	36	NUM
easat-5348	104	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	104	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	105	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-5348	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	105	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	105	4	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	105	5	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5348	105	6	to	to	PART
easat-5348	105	7	understand	understand	VERB
easat-5348	105	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	105	9	821	821	NUM
easat-5348	105	10	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	105	11	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	105	12	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	105	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	105	14	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	105	15	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	105	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	105	17	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	105	18	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	105	19	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	105	20	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	105	21	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	106	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	106	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	106	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	107	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	107	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	107	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	107	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	107	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	107	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	107	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	107	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	107	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	107	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	107	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	107	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	107	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	107	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	107	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	107	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	107	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	107	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	107	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	107	20	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	107	21	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	107	22	influence	influence	VERB
easat-5348	107	23	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	107	24	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	107	25	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	107	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	107	27	current	current	ADJ
easat-5348	107	28	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	107	29	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	107	30	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	107	31	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	107	32	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-5348	107	33	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	107	34	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	107	35	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	107	36	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	107	37	to	to	PART
easat-5348	107	38	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5348	107	39	teach	teach	VERB
easat-5348	107	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	107	41	develop	develop	VERB
easat-5348	107	42	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	107	43	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	107	44	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	107	45	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	107	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	108	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	108	2	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-5348	108	3	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	108	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	108	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	108	6	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	108	7	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	108	8	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	108	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	108	10	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	108	11	college	college	PROPN
easat-5348	108	12	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	108	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	108	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	108	15	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	108	16	city	city	PROPN
easat-5348	108	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	108	18	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
easat-5348	108	19	province	province	PROPN
easat-5348	108	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	108	21	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	108	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	108	23	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	108	24	the	the	DET
easat-5348	108	25	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-5348	108	26	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	108	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	108	28	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5348	108	29	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	108	30	this	this	DET
easat-5348	108	31	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5348	108	32	review	review	NOUN
easat-5348	108	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	109	1	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	109	2	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	109	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	109	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	109	5	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5348	109	6	component	component	NOUN
easat-5348	109	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	109	8	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5348	109	9	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	109	10	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	109	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	109	12	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	109	13	often	often	ADV
easat-5348	109	14	a	a	DET
easat-5348	109	15	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-5348	109	16	area	area	NOUN
easat-5348	109	17	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	109	18	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	109	19	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	109	20	to	to	PART
easat-5348	109	21	master	master	VERB
easat-5348	109	22	[	[	X
easat-5348	109	23	37	37	NUM
easat-5348	109	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	109	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	110	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	110	2	examining	examine	VERB
easat-5348	110	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	110	4	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	110	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	110	6	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	110	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	110	8	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	110	9	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	110	10	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	110	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	110	12	these	these	DET
easat-5348	110	13	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	110	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	110	15	this	this	DET
easat-5348	110	16	review	review	NOUN
easat-5348	110	17	aims	aim	VERB
easat-5348	110	18	to	to	PART
easat-5348	110	19	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-5348	110	20	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	110	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	110	22	body	body	NOUN
easat-5348	110	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	110	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5348	110	25	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	110	26	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5348	110	27	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	110	28	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	110	29	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	110	30	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	110	31	non	non	ADJ
easat-5348	110	32	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	110	33	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	110	34	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-5348	110	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	111	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
easat-5348	111	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	112	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5348	112	2	review	review	NOUN
easat-5348	112	3	2.4.1	2.4.1	NUM
easat-5348	112	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	113	1	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	113	2	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	113	3	hamada	hamada	PROPN
easat-5348	113	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	113	5	suzuki	suzuki	PROPN
easat-5348	114	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	114	2	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	114	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	114	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	114	5	an	an	DET
easat-5348	114	6	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	114	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	114	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	114	9	examine	examine	VERB
easat-5348	114	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	114	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	114	12	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	114	13	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	114	14	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	114	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	114	16	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	114	17	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	114	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	114	19	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	114	20	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	114	21	a	a	DET
easat-5348	114	22	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	114	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	114	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	115	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	115	2	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-5348	115	3	compared	compare	VERB
easat-5348	115	4	two	two	NUM
easat-5348	115	5	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5348	115	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	115	7	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	115	8	alone	alone	ADV
easat-5348	115	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	115	10	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	115	11	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	115	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	115	13	script	script	NOUN
easat-5348	115	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	116	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	116	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	116	3	included	include	VERB
easat-5348	116	4	two	two	NUM
easat-5348	116	5	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	116	6	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5348	116	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	116	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	116	9	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	116	10	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	116	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	116	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	116	13	preand	preand	NOUN
easat-5348	116	14	post	post	ADJ
easat-5348	116	15	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	116	16	tests	test	NOUN
easat-5348	116	17	measuring	measure	VERB
easat-5348	116	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	116	19	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	116	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	116	21	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	116	22	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	116	23	perceptual	perceptual	ADJ
easat-5348	116	24	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
easat-5348	116	25	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	116	26	different	different	ADJ
easat-5348	116	27	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	116	28	accents	accent	NOUN
easat-5348	116	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	117	1	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	117	2	engaged	engage	VERB
easat-5348	117	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	117	4	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	117	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	117	6	mimicking	mimicking	ADJ
easat-5348	117	7	spoken	spoken	ADJ
easat-5348	117	8	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	117	9	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	117	11	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	117	12	aligns	align	VERB
easat-5348	117	13	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	117	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	117	15	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	117	16	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	117	17	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	117	18	providing	provide	VERB
easat-5348	117	19	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ
easat-5348	117	20	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	117	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	117	22	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	117	23	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	117	24	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	117	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	118	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	118	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	118	3	supported	support	VERB
easat-5348	118	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	118	5	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	118	6	that	that	PRON
easat-5348	118	7	script	script	NOUN
easat-5348	118	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	118	9	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	118	10	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	118	11	improves	improve	VERB
easat-5348	118	12	non	non	ADJ
easat-5348	118	13	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	118	14	native	native	ADJ
easat-5348	118	15	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	118	16	’	’	PART
easat-5348	118	17	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	118	18	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	118	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	119	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5348	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	119	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	119	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	119	5	had	have	VERB
easat-5348	119	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	119	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	119	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	119	9	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	119	10	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	119	11	had	have	VERB
easat-5348	119	12	lower	low	ADJ
easat-5348	119	13	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	119	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	119	15	especially	especially	ADV
easat-5348	119	16	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	119	17	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	119	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	119	19	italian	italian	ADJ
easat-5348	119	20	accents	accent	NOUN
easat-5348	119	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	119	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	119	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	119	24	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	119	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	119	26	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	119	27	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-5348	119	28	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	119	29	varieties	variety	NOUN
easat-5348	119	30	versus	versus	ADP
easat-5348	119	31	a	a	DET
easat-5348	119	32	single	single	ADJ
easat-5348	119	33	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-5348	119	34	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	119	35	unclear	unclear	ADJ
easat-5348	119	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	120	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	120	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	120	3	could	could	AUX
easat-5348	120	4	address	address	VERB
easat-5348	120	5	these	these	DET
easat-5348	120	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	120	7	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	120	8	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	120	9	a	a	DET
easat-5348	120	10	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	120	11	proficient	proficient	ADJ
easat-5348	120	12	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	120	13	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	120	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	120	15	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-5348	120	16	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	120	17	one	one	NUM
easat-5348	120	18	accent	accent	NOUN
easat-5348	120	19	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	120	20	a	a	DET
easat-5348	120	21	laboratory	laboratory	NOUN
easat-5348	120	22	setting	setting	NOUN
easat-5348	120	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	121	1	junipisa	junipisa	NOUN
easat-5348	121	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	121	3	aristana	aristana	PROPN
easat-5348	122	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	122	2	38	38	NUM
easat-5348	122	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	122	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	122	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	122	6	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-5348	122	7	action	action	NOUN
easat-5348	122	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	122	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	122	10	car	car	NOUN
easat-5348	122	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	122	12	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	122	13	to	to	PART
easat-5348	122	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	122	15	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	122	16	'	'	PART
easat-5348	122	17	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	122	18	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	122	19	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	122	20	the	the	DET
easat-5348	122	21	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	122	22	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	122	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	123	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	123	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	123	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-5348	123	4	four	four	NUM
easat-5348	123	5	stages	stage	NOUN
easat-5348	123	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	123	7	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-5348	123	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	123	9	action	action	NOUN
easat-5348	123	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	123	11	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-5348	123	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	123	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	123	14	reflection	reflection	NOUN
easat-5348	123	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	124	1	during	during	ADP
easat-5348	124	2	the	the	DET
easat-5348	124	3	action	action	NOUN
easat-5348	124	4	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-5348	124	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	124	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	124	7	listened	listen	VERB
easat-5348	124	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	124	9	audiovisual	audiovisual	ADJ
easat-5348	124	10	lectures	lecture	NOUN
easat-5348	124	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	124	12	completed	complete	VERB
easat-5348	124	13	related	related	ADJ
easat-5348	124	14	worksheets	worksheet	NOUN
easat-5348	124	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	124	16	designed	design	VERB
easat-5348	124	17	to	to	PART
easat-5348	124	18	challenge	challenge	VERB
easat-5348	124	19	them	they	PRON
easat-5348	124	20	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5348	124	21	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-5348	124	22	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	124	23	current	current	ADJ
easat-5348	124	24	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	124	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	125	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	125	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-5348	125	3	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-5348	125	4	to	to	PART
easat-5348	125	5	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	125	6	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	125	7	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	125	8	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	125	9	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-5348	125	10	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	125	11	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	125	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	125	13	meaning	meaning	NOUN
easat-5348	125	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	126	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	126	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	126	3	confirmed	confirm	VERB
easat-5348	126	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	126	5	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	126	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	126	7	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	126	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	126	9	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	126	10	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	126	11	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	126	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	126	13	offering	offer	VERB
easat-5348	126	14	a	a	DET
easat-5348	126	15	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-5348	126	16	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	126	17	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	126	18	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	126	19	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-5348	126	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	127	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5348	127	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	127	3	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	127	4	included	include	VERB
easat-5348	127	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	127	6	small	small	ADJ
easat-5348	127	7	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	127	8	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	127	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	127	10	17	17	NUM
easat-5348	127	11	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	127	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	127	13	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	127	14	may	may	AUX
easat-5348	127	15	affect	affect	VERB
easat-5348	127	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	127	17	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-5348	127	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	127	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	127	20	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	127	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	128	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	128	2	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-5348	128	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	128	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	128	5	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	128	6	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	128	7	makes	make	VERB
easat-5348	128	8	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	128	9	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-5348	128	10	to	to	PART
easat-5348	128	11	attribute	attribute	VERB
easat-5348	128	12	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-5348	128	13	solely	solely	ADV
easat-5348	128	14	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	128	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	128	16	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	128	17	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	128	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	129	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	129	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	129	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	129	5	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	129	6	reliance	reliance	NOUN
easat-5348	129	7	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	129	8	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5348	129	9	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	129	10	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5348	129	11	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	129	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	129	13	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-5348	129	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	129	15	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-5348	129	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	129	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	129	18	its	its	PRON
easat-5348	129	19	short	short	ADJ
easat-5348	129	20	duration	duration	NOUN
easat-5348	129	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	129	22	two	two	NUM
easat-5348	129	23	cycles	cycle	NOUN
easat-5348	129	24	may	may	AUX
easat-5348	129	25	not	not	PART
easat-5348	129	26	fully	fully	ADV
easat-5348	129	27	capture	capture	VERB
easat-5348	129	28	long	long	ADJ
easat-5348	129	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	129	30	term	term	NOUN
easat-5348	129	31	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	129	32	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	129	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	130	1	you	you	PRON
easat-5348	131	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	131	2	39	39	NUM
easat-5348	131	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	131	4	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-5348	131	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	131	6	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	131	7	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	131	8	shadow	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	131	9	audio	audio	ADJ
easat-5348	131	10	content	content	NOUN
easat-5348	131	11	without	without	ADP
easat-5348	131	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	131	13	written	write	VERB
easat-5348	131	14	script	script	NOUN
easat-5348	131	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	131	16	aligning	align	VERB
easat-5348	131	17	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	131	18	krashen	krashen	PROPN
easat-5348	131	19	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	131	20	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	131	21	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	131	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	131	23	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	131	24	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-5348	131	25	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	131	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	131	27	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5348	131	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	131	29	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-5348	131	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	131	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	131	32	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
easat-5348	131	33	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	131	34	quantity	quantity	NOUN
easat-5348	131	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	132	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	132	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	132	3	found	find	VERB
easat-5348	132	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	132	5	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	132	6	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5348	132	7	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	132	8	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	132	9	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	132	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	132	11	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	132	12	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	132	13	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	132	14	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	132	15	college	college	NOUN
easat-5348	132	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	132	17	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	132	18	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	132	19	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	132	20	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	132	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	132	22	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	132	23	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	132	24	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	132	25	repetition	repetition	NOUN
easat-5348	132	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	133	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5348	133	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	133	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	133	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	133	5	lacked	lack	VERB
easat-5348	133	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-5348	133	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	133	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	133	9	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	133	10	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-5348	133	11	to	to	PART
easat-5348	133	12	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5348	133	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	133	14	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	133	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	133	16	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	133	17	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	133	18	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	133	19	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	133	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	134	1	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	134	2	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	134	3	did	do	AUX
easat-5348	134	4	not	not	PART
easat-5348	134	5	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	134	6	other	other	ADJ
easat-5348	134	7	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5348	134	8	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	134	9	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	134	10	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	134	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	134	12	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-5348	134	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	134	14	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	134	15	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	134	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	134	17	nor	nor	CCONJ
easat-5348	134	18	did	do	AUX
easat-5348	134	19	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	134	20	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-5348	134	21	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	134	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	134	23	different	different	ADJ
easat-5348	134	24	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	134	25	levels	level	NOUN
easat-5348	134	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	134	27	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-5348	134	28	overlooking	overlook	VERB
easat-5348	134	29	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-5348	134	30	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-5348	134	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	135	1	2.4.2	2.4.2	NUM
easat-5348	135	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	135	3	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	135	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	135	5	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	135	6	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	135	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	135	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	135	9	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	135	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	135	11	azli	azli	NOUN
easat-5348	135	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	135	13	et	et	PROPN
easat-5348	135	14	al	al	PROPN
easat-5348	135	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	136	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	136	2	40	40	NUM
easat-5348	136	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	136	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	136	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	136	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-5348	136	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	136	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	136	9	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	136	10	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	136	11	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	136	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	136	13	'	'	PART
easat-5348	136	14	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	136	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	136	16	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	136	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	136	18	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	136	19	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	136	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	136	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	136	22	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	136	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	136	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	137	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	137	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	137	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-5348	137	4	100	100	NUM
easat-5348	137	5	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	137	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	137	7	kru	kru	PROPN
easat-5348	137	8	academy	academy	PROPN
easat-5348	137	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	137	10	selected	select	VERB
easat-5348	137	11	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	137	12	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-5348	137	13	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	137	14	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	137	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	137	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	137	17	used	use	VERB
easat-5348	137	18	a	a	DET
easat-5348	137	19	26	26	NUM
easat-5348	137	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	137	21	item	item	NOUN
easat-5348	137	22	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	137	23	to	to	PART
easat-5348	137	24	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5348	137	25	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	137	26	views	view	NOUN
easat-5348	137	27	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	137	28	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	137	29	's	's	PART
easat-5348	137	30	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN
easat-5348	137	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	137	32	ease	ease	NOUN
easat-5348	137	33	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	137	34	use	use	NOUN
easat-5348	137	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	138	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	138	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	4	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-5348	138	5	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	138	6	spss	spss	PROPN
easat-5348	138	7	20	20	NUM
easat-5348	138	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	9	showed	show	VERB
easat-5348	138	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	138	11	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	138	12	believed	believe	VERB
easat-5348	138	13	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	138	14	improved	improve	VERB
easat-5348	138	15	task	task	NOUN
easat-5348	138	16	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5348	138	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	18	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	138	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	138	21	completion	completion	NOUN
easat-5348	138	22	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-5348	138	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	138	25	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	138	26	note	note	NOUN
easat-5348	138	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	138	28	taking	taking	NOUN
easat-5348	138	29	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	138	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	139	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5348	139	2	the	the	DET
easat-5348	139	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	139	4	innovatively	innovatively	ADV
easat-5348	139	5	used	use	VERB
easat-5348	139	6	a	a	DET
easat-5348	139	7	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-5348	139	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	139	9	gauge	gauge	VERB
easat-5348	139	10	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	139	11	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	139	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	139	13	its	its	PRON
easat-5348	139	14	small	small	ADJ
easat-5348	139	15	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	139	16	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	139	17	limits	limit	VERB
easat-5348	139	18	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-5348	139	19	822	822	NUM
easat-5348	139	20	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	139	21	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	139	22	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	139	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	139	24	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	139	25	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	139	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	139	27	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	139	28	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	139	29	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	139	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	139	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	140	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	140	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	140	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	140	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	141	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	141	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	141	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	141	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	141	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	141	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	141	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	141	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	141	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	141	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	141	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	141	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	141	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	141	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	141	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	141	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	141	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	141	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	141	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5348	141	20	applicability	applicability	PROPN
easat-5348	141	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	142	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	142	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	142	3	could	could	AUX
easat-5348	142	4	expand	expand	VERB
easat-5348	142	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	142	6	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	142	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	142	8	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	142	9	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	142	10	across	across	ADP
easat-5348	142	11	different	different	ADJ
easat-5348	142	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	142	13	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	142	14	to	to	PART
easat-5348	142	15	fully	fully	ADV
easat-5348	142	16	realize	realize	VERB
easat-5348	142	17	its	its	PRON
easat-5348	142	18	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-5348	142	19	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	142	20	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	142	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	142	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	143	1	sepyanda	sepyanda	PROPN
easat-5348	143	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	143	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-5348	143	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-5348	143	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	144	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	144	2	41	41	NUM
easat-5348	144	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	144	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	144	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	144	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-5348	144	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	144	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	144	9	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5348	144	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	144	11	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	144	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	144	13	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	144	14	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	144	15	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	144	16	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	144	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	144	18	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	144	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	144	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	144	21	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	144	22	'	'	PART
easat-5348	144	23	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	144	24	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5348	144	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	145	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	145	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	145	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-5348	145	4	33	33	NUM
easat-5348	145	5	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-5348	145	6	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	145	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	145	8	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	145	9	education	education	PROPN
easat-5348	145	10	department	department	PROPN
easat-5348	145	11	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	145	12	universitas	universitas	PROPN
easat-5348	145	13	mahaputra	mahaputra	PROPN
easat-5348	145	14	yamin	yamin	PROPN
easat-5348	145	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	145	16	et	et	PROPN
easat-5348	145	17	al	al	PROPN
easat-5348	145	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	146	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	146	2	42	42	NUM
easat-5348	146	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	146	4	during	during	ADP
easat-5348	146	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	146	6	2021/2022	2021/2022	NUM
easat-5348	146	7	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-5348	146	8	year	year	NOUN
easat-5348	146	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	147	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	147	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	147	3	showed	show	VERB
easat-5348	147	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	147	5	73	73	NUM
easat-5348	147	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-5348	147	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	147	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	147	9	strongly	strongly	ADV
easat-5348	147	10	agreed	agree	VERB
easat-5348	147	11	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	147	12	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	147	13	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	147	14	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	147	15	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	147	16	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5348	147	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	147	18	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	147	19	15	15	NUM
easat-5348	147	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-5348	147	21	agreeing	agreeing	NOUN
easat-5348	147	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	147	23	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	147	24	%	%	NOUN
easat-5348	147	25	neutral	neutral	ADJ
easat-5348	147	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	147	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	147	28	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	147	29	%	%	NOUN
easat-5348	147	30	each	each	PRON
easat-5348	147	31	disagreeing	disagree	VERB
easat-5348	147	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	147	33	strongly	strongly	ADV
easat-5348	147	34	disagreeing	disagree	VERB
easat-5348	147	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	148	1	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	148	2	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	148	3	found	find	VERB
easat-5348	148	4	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	148	5	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	148	6	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-5348	148	7	than	than	ADP
easat-5348	148	8	non	non	ADJ
easat-5348	148	9	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	148	10	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	148	11	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	148	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	148	13	motivating	motivating	NOUN
easat-5348	148	14	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	148	15	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	148	16	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	148	17	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-5348	148	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	148	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	148	20	believed	believe	VERB
easat-5348	148	21	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	148	22	improved	improve	VERB
easat-5348	148	23	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	148	24	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	148	25	habits	habit	NOUN
easat-5348	148	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	149	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5348	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	149	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	149	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	149	5	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	149	6	small	small	ADJ
easat-5348	149	7	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	149	8	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	149	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	149	10	focus	focus	VERB
easat-5348	149	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	149	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	149	13	single	single	ADJ
easat-5348	149	14	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-5348	149	15	limit	limit	VERB
easat-5348	149	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	149	17	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-5348	149	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	149	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	149	20	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	149	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	150	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	150	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	150	4	reliance	reliance	NOUN
easat-5348	150	5	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	150	6	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	150	7	may	may	AUX
easat-5348	150	8	introduce	introduce	VERB
easat-5348	150	9	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-5348	150	10	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-5348	150	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	150	12	subjectivity	subjectivity	NOUN
easat-5348	150	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	150	14	participant	participant	ADJ
easat-5348	150	15	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
easat-5348	150	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	151	1	athoillah	athoillah	NOUN
easat-5348	152	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	152	2	7	7	X
easat-5348	152	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	152	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	152	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	152	6	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-5348	152	7	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	152	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	152	9	to	to	PART
easat-5348	152	10	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5348	152	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	152	12	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	152	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	152	14	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	152	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	152	16	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	152	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	152	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	152	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	152	20	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	152	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	152	22	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	152	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	152	24	talk	talk	NOUN
easat-5348	152	25	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	152	26	application	application	NOUN
easat-5348	152	27	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	152	28	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	152	29	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	152	30	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	152	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	152	32	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	152	33	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	152	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	153	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	153	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	153	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-5348	153	4	an	an	DET
easat-5348	153	5	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	153	6	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	153	7	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	153	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	153	9	app	app	NOUN
easat-5348	153	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	153	11	a	a	DET
easat-5348	153	12	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	153	13	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	153	14	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	153	15	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	153	16	e	e	NOUN
easat-5348	153	17	-	-	NOUN
easat-5348	153	18	modules	module	NOUN
easat-5348	153	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	154	1	over	over	ADP
easat-5348	154	2	four	four	NUM
easat-5348	154	3	sessions	session	NOUN
easat-5348	154	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	154	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	154	6	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	154	7	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	154	8	engaged	engage	VERB
easat-5348	154	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	154	10	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	154	11	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	154	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	154	13	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
easat-5348	154	14	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	154	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	154	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	154	17	performances	performance	NOUN
easat-5348	154	18	via	via	ADP
easat-5348	154	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	154	20	app	app	NOUN
easat-5348	154	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	154	22	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5348	154	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	154	24	control	control	PROPN
easat-5348	154	25	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	154	26	received	receive	VERB
easat-5348	154	27	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5348	154	28	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-5348	154	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	155	1	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	155	2	showed	show	VERB
easat-5348	155	3	a	a	DET
easat-5348	155	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	155	5	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-5348	155	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	155	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	155	8	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	155	9	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	155	10	's	's	PART
easat-5348	155	11	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	155	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	155	13	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	155	14	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	155	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	155	16	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	155	17	average	average	ADJ
easat-5348	155	18	scores	score	NOUN
easat-5348	155	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	155	20	73.167	73.167	NUM
easat-5348	155	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	155	22	72.93	72.93	NUM
easat-5348	155	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	155	24	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-5348	155	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	155	26	compared	compare	VERB
easat-5348	155	27	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	155	28	the	the	DET
easat-5348	155	29	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	155	30	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	155	31	's	's	PART
easat-5348	155	32	61.750	61.750	NUM
easat-5348	155	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	155	34	62.13	62.13	NUM
easat-5348	155	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	156	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	156	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-5348	156	3	group	group	NOUN
easat-5348	156	4	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	156	5	showed	show	VERB
easat-5348	156	6	stronger	strong	ADJ
easat-5348	156	7	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-5348	156	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	156	9	grammar	grammar	NOUN
easat-5348	156	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	156	11	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-5348	156	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	156	13	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	156	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	156	15	fluency	fluency	NOUN
easat-5348	156	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	156	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	156	18	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	156	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	157	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5348	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	157	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	157	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	157	5	's	's	PART
easat-5348	157	6	reliance	reliance	NOUN
easat-5348	157	7	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	157	8	preand	preand	NOUN
easat-5348	157	9	post	post	ADJ
easat-5348	157	10	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	157	11	tests	test	NOUN
easat-5348	157	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	157	13	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-5348	157	14	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	157	15	only	only	ADV
easat-5348	157	16	one	one	NUM
easat-5348	157	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	157	18	method	method	NOUN
easat-5348	157	19	limit	limit	VERB
easat-5348	157	20	the	the	DET
easat-5348	157	21	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	157	22	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	157	23	comprehensiveness	comprehensiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	157	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	158	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	158	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	158	3	could	could	AUX
easat-5348	158	4	address	address	VERB
easat-5348	158	5	these	these	DET
easat-5348	158	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	158	7	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	158	8	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-5348	158	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5348	158	10	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-5348	158	11	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	158	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	158	13	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-5348	158	14	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	158	15	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	158	16	other	other	ADJ
easat-5348	158	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	158	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5348	158	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	159	1	li	li	PROPN
easat-5348	160	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	160	2	32	32	NUM
easat-5348	160	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	160	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	160	6	meta	meta	ADJ
easat-5348	160	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	160	9	to	to	PART
easat-5348	160	10	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5348	160	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	160	12	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	160	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	160	14	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	160	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	16	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	160	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	160	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	160	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	20	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	160	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	22	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	160	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	160	24	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	160	25	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	160	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	160	27	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	160	28	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	160	29	a	a	DET
easat-5348	160	30	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	160	31	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	160	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	33	efl	efl	NOUN
easat-5348	160	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	160	35	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	160	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	161	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	161	3	included	include	VERB
easat-5348	161	4	two	two	NUM
easat-5348	161	5	main	main	ADJ
easat-5348	161	6	components	component	NOUN
easat-5348	161	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	161	9	meta	meta	ADJ
easat-5348	161	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	161	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	161	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	161	14	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	161	15	20	20	NUM
easat-5348	161	16	original	original	ADJ
easat-5348	161	17	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	161	18	to	to	PART
easat-5348	161	19	determine	determine	VERB
easat-5348	161	20	the	the	DET
easat-5348	161	21	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5348	161	22	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	161	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	161	24	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	161	25	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	161	26	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	161	27	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	161	28	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	161	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	161	31	an	an	DET
easat-5348	161	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	161	33	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	161	34	moderator	moderator	NOUN
easat-5348	161	35	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	161	36	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	161	37	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	161	38	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	161	39	level	level	NOUN
easat-5348	161	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	41	software	software	NOUN
easat-5348	161	42	type	type	NOUN
easat-5348	161	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	44	control	control	NOUN
easat-5348	161	45	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5348	161	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	47	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-5348	161	48	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-5348	161	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	50	duration	duration	NOUN
easat-5348	161	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	161	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	161	53	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-5348	161	54	types	type	NOUN
easat-5348	161	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	162	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	162	2	metaanalysis	metaanalysis	NOUN
easat-5348	162	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-5348	162	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	162	5	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-5348	162	6	to	to	PART
easat-5348	162	7	large	large	ADJ
easat-5348	162	8	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5348	162	9	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	162	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	162	11	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	162	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	162	13	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	162	14	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	162	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	162	16	g	g	NOUN
easat-5348	162	17	=	=	SYM
easat-5348	162	18	0.792	0.792	NUM
easat-5348	162	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	162	20	ci	ci	NOUN
easat-5348	163	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	163	2	0.536	0.536	NUM
easat-5348	163	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	163	4	1.047	1.047	NUM
easat-5348	163	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	163	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	163	7	p	p	X
easat-5348	163	8	<	<	X
easat-5348	163	9	.001	.001	NUM
easat-5348	163	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	163	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	163	12	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5348	163	13	its	its	PRON
easat-5348	163	14	superiority	superiority	NOUN
easat-5348	163	15	over	over	ADP
easat-5348	163	16	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	163	17	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	163	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	1	university	university	NOUN
easat-5348	164	2	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	164	3	showed	show	VERB
easat-5348	164	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	164	5	highest	high	ADJ
easat-5348	164	6	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-5348	164	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	8	g	g	NOUN
easat-5348	164	9	=	=	NOUN
easat-5348	164	10	0.974	0.974	NUM
easat-5348	164	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	13	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	164	14	no	no	DET
easat-5348	164	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	164	16	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-5348	164	17	found	find	VERB
easat-5348	164	18	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	164	19	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-5348	164	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	21	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	164	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	164	23	pen	pen	NOUN
easat-5348	164	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	164	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	27	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-5348	164	28	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	164	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	164	30	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	164	31	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	164	32	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-5348	164	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	164	34	outdoor	outdoor	ADJ
easat-5348	164	35	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-5348	164	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	1	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	165	2	software	software	NOUN
easat-5348	165	3	had	have	VERB
easat-5348	165	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	165	5	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5348	165	6	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5348	165	7	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	165	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	9	g	g	NOUN
easat-5348	165	10	=	=	NOUN
easat-5348	165	11	0.843	0.843	NUM
easat-5348	165	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	13	compared	compare	VERB
easat-5348	165	14	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	165	15	general	general	ADJ
easat-5348	165	16	software	software	NOUN
easat-5348	165	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	18	g	g	NOUN
easat-5348	165	19	=	=	NOUN
easat-5348	165	20	0.666	0.666	NUM
easat-5348	165	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	165	24	short	short	ADJ
easat-5348	165	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	26	term	term	NOUN
easat-5348	165	27	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-5348	165	28	were	be	AUX
easat-5348	165	29	most	most	ADV
easat-5348	165	30	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5348	165	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	32	g	g	NOUN
easat-5348	165	33	=	=	NOUN
easat-5348	165	34	1.017	1.017	NUM
easat-5348	165	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	165	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	166	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	166	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	166	3	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-5348	166	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	166	5	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	166	6	positively	positively	ADV
easat-5348	166	7	affects	affect	VERB
easat-5348	166	8	efl	efl	NOUN
easat-5348	166	9	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	166	10	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	166	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	166	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	166	13	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	166	14	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	166	15	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5348	166	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	166	17	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
easat-5348	166	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	166	19	this	this	DET
easat-5348	166	20	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	166	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5348	167	2	li	li	PROPN
easat-5348	167	3	[	[	X
easat-5348	167	4	32	32	NUM
easat-5348	167	5	]	]	X
easat-5348	167	6	meta	meta	ADJ
easat-5348	167	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	167	9	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	167	10	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-5348	167	11	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5348	167	12	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	167	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	167	14	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	167	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	167	16	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	167	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	18	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	167	19	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	167	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	167	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	22	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	167	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	24	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	167	25	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	167	26	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	167	27	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	167	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	29	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	167	30	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	167	31	limited	limit	VERB
easat-5348	167	32	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	167	33	the	the	DET
easat-5348	167	34	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5348	167	35	small	small	ADJ
easat-5348	167	36	number	number	NOUN
easat-5348	167	37	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	167	38	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	167	39	included	include	VERB
easat-5348	167	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	167	41	the	the	DET
easat-5348	167	42	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-5348	167	43	databases	database	NOUN
easat-5348	167	44	used	use	VERB
easat-5348	167	45	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	167	46	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	167	47	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-5348	167	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	167	49	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	167	50	may	may	AUX
easat-5348	167	51	affect	affect	VERB
easat-5348	167	52	the	the	DET
easat-5348	167	53	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-5348	167	54	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	167	55	the	the	DET
easat-5348	167	56	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	167	57	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	168	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	168	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	168	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	168	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	168	5	did	do	AUX
easat-5348	168	6	not	not	PART
easat-5348	168	7	account	account	VERB
easat-5348	168	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	168	9	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-5348	168	10	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-5348	168	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	168	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	168	13	styles	style	NOUN
easat-5348	168	14	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	168	15	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-5348	168	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	168	17	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	168	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	168	19	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	168	20	could	could	AUX
easat-5348	168	21	influence	influence	VERB
easat-5348	168	22	the	the	DET
easat-5348	168	23	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	168	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	168	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	168	26	the	the	DET
easat-5348	168	27	reliance	reliance	NOUN
easat-5348	168	28	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	168	29	pre	pre	ADJ
easat-5348	168	30	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	168	31	existing	existing	ADJ
easat-5348	168	32	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	168	33	means	mean	VERB
easat-5348	168	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	168	35	the	the	DET
easat-5348	168	36	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5348	168	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	168	38	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-5348	168	39	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	168	40	the	the	DET
easat-5348	168	41	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-5348	168	42	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	168	43	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	168	44	impact	impact	VERB
easat-5348	168	45	the	the	DET
easat-5348	168	46	meta	meta	ADJ
easat-5348	168	47	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	168	48	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	168	49	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	168	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	169	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	169	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-5348	169	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	169	4	these	these	DET
easat-5348	169	5	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5348	169	6	reviews	review	NOUN
easat-5348	169	7	offer	offer	VERB
easat-5348	169	8	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5348	169	9	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	169	10	how	how	SCONJ
easat-5348	169	11	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	169	12	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	169	13	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	169	14	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	169	15	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	169	16	be	be	AUX
easat-5348	169	17	optimized	optimize	VERB
easat-5348	169	18	to	to	PART
easat-5348	169	19	support	support	VERB
easat-5348	169	20	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	169	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	169	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	170	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	170	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	170	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	170	4	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-5348	170	5	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	170	6	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-5348	170	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	170	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-5348	170	9	developers	developer	NOUN
easat-5348	170	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	170	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	170	12	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	170	13	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5348	170	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	170	15	offering	offer	VERB
easat-5348	170	16	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-5348	170	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	170	18	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	170	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	170	20	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	170	21	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	170	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	170	23	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	170	24	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	170	25	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	170	26	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	170	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	170	28	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	170	29	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5348	170	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	171	1	823	823	NUM
easat-5348	171	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	171	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	171	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	171	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	171	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	171	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	171	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	171	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	171	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	171	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	171	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	171	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	172	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	172	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	172	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	172	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	173	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	173	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	173	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	173	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	173	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	173	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	173	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	173	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	173	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	173	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	173	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	173	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	173	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	173	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	173	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	173	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	173	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	173	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	173	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	173	20	3	3	PROPN
easat-5348	173	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	173	22	methodology	methodology	PROPN
easat-5348	173	23	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-5348	173	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	174	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	174	2	design	design	NOUN
easat-5348	174	3	this	this	DET
easat-5348	174	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	174	5	employed	employ	VERB
easat-5348	174	6	a	a	DET
easat-5348	174	7	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-5348	174	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	174	9	design	design	NOUN
easat-5348	174	10	to	to	PART
easat-5348	174	11	investigate	investigate	VERB
easat-5348	174	12	the	the	DET
easat-5348	174	13	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	174	14	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	174	15	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	174	16	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	174	17	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	174	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	174	19	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	174	20	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	174	21	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	174	22	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	174	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	174	24	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	174	25	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	174	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	174	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	174	28	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	174	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	174	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	174	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	174	32	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	174	33	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	174	34	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	174	35	chinese	chinese	PROPN
easat-5348	174	36	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	174	37	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	174	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	175	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-5348	175	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	175	3	population	population	NOUN
easat-5348	175	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	175	5	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-5348	175	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	175	7	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-5348	175	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	175	9	this	this	DET
easat-5348	175	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	175	11	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	175	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	175	13	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	175	14	college	college	NOUN
easat-5348	175	15	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	175	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	175	17	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	175	18	city	city	PROPN
easat-5348	175	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	175	20	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	175	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	175	22	who	who	PRON
easat-5348	175	23	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	175	24	studying	study	VERB
easat-5348	175	25	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	175	26	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	175	27	a	a	DET
easat-5348	175	28	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5348	175	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	175	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	175	31	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	175	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	175	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	176	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	176	2	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-5348	176	3	frame	frame	NOUN
easat-5348	176	4	encompassed	encompass	VERB
easat-5348	176	5	all	all	DET
easat-5348	176	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	176	7	enrolled	enrol	VERB
easat-5348	176	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	176	9	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	176	10	courses	course	NOUN
easat-5348	176	11	across	across	ADP
easat-5348	176	12	ten	ten	NUM
easat-5348	176	13	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	176	14	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	176	15	within	within	ADP
easat-5348	176	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	176	17	city	city	NOUN
easat-5348	176	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	176	19	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-5348	176	20	to	to	PART
easat-5348	176	21	total	total	VERB
easat-5348	176	22	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-5348	176	23	100,000	100,000	NUM
easat-5348	176	24	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5348	176	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	177	1	to	to	PART
easat-5348	177	2	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-5348	177	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	177	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	177	5	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	177	6	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-5348	177	7	reflected	reflect	VERB
easat-5348	177	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	177	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5348	177	10	student	student	NOUN
easat-5348	177	11	population	population	NOUN
easat-5348	177	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	177	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	177	14	proportionate	proportionate	ADJ
easat-5348	177	15	random	random	ADJ
easat-5348	177	16	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-5348	177	17	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	177	18	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	177	19	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-5348	177	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	178	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	178	2	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	178	3	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	178	4	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	178	5	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-5348	178	6	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	178	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	178	8	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-5348	178	9	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-5348	178	10	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	178	11	morgan	morgan	PROPN
easat-5348	179	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	179	2	43	43	NUM
easat-5348	179	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	179	4	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	179	5	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-5348	179	6	a	a	DET
easat-5348	179	7	minimum	minimum	NOUN
easat-5348	179	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	179	9	384	384	NUM
easat-5348	179	10	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-5348	179	11	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	179	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	179	13	population	population	NOUN
easat-5348	179	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	179	15	this	this	DET
easat-5348	179	16	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	179	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	180	1	to	to	PART
easat-5348	180	2	prepare	prepare	VERB
easat-5348	180	3	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	180	4	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-5348	180	5	non	non	ADJ
easat-5348	180	6	-	-	NOUN
easat-5348	180	7	response	response	NOUN
easat-5348	180	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	180	9	attrition	attrition	NOUN
easat-5348	180	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	180	11	an	an	DET
easat-5348	180	12	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-5348	180	13	30	30	NUM
easat-5348	180	14	%	%	NOUN
easat-5348	180	15	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	180	16	added	add	VERB
easat-5348	180	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	180	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	180	19	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	180	20	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	180	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	180	22	resulting	result	VERB
easat-5348	180	23	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	180	24	a	a	DET
easat-5348	180	25	total	total	NOUN
easat-5348	180	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	180	27	499	499	NUM
easat-5348	180	28	distributions	distribution	NOUN
easat-5348	180	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	181	1	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	181	2	the	the	DET
easat-5348	181	3	499	499	NUM
easat-5348	181	4	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	181	5	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-5348	181	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	181	7	428	428	NUM
easat-5348	181	8	were	be	AUX
easat-5348	181	9	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-5348	181	10	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
easat-5348	181	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	181	12	yielding	yield	VERB
easat-5348	181	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	181	14	response	response	NOUN
easat-5348	181	15	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5348	181	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	181	17	85	85	NUM
easat-5348	181	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-5348	181	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	182	1	after	after	ADP
easat-5348	182	2	eliminating	eliminate	VERB
easat-5348	182	3	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	182	4	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	182	5	missing	miss	VERB
easat-5348	182	6	values	value	NOUN
easat-5348	182	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	182	8	identical	identical	ADJ
easat-5348	182	9	answers	answer	NOUN
easat-5348	182	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	182	11	a	a	DET
easat-5348	182	12	final	final	ADJ
easat-5348	182	13	count	count	NOUN
easat-5348	182	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	182	15	406	406	NUM
easat-5348	182	16	valid	valid	ADJ
easat-5348	182	17	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	182	18	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	182	19	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-5348	182	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	183	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-5348	183	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	184	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	184	2	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5348	184	3	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-5348	184	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	184	5	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	184	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	184	7	comprising	comprise	VERB
easat-5348	184	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	184	9	total	total	NOUN
easat-5348	184	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	184	11	35	35	NUM
easat-5348	184	12	questions	question	NOUN
easat-5348	184	13	across	across	ADP
easat-5348	184	14	six	six	NUM
easat-5348	184	15	constructs	construct	NOUN
easat-5348	184	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	184	17	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	184	18	designed	design	VERB
easat-5348	184	19	to	to	PART
easat-5348	184	20	measure	measure	VERB
easat-5348	184	21	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	184	22	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-5348	184	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	184	24	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	184	25	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	184	26	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	184	27	learning	learning	PROPN
easat-5348	184	28	environment	environment	PROPN
easat-5348	184	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	185	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-5348	185	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	185	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	185	4	assesses	assess	VERB
easat-5348	185	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	185	6	availability	availability	NOUN
easat-5348	185	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	185	8	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5348	185	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	185	10	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	185	11	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	185	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	185	13	terms	term	NOUN
easat-5348	185	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	185	15	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	185	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	185	17	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-5348	185	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	185	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	185	20	services	service	NOUN
easat-5348	185	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	185	22	ss	ss	NOUN
easat-5348	185	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	185	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	186	4	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
easat-5348	186	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	186	6	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	186	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	186	8	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	186	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	186	10	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	186	11	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	186	12	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	186	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	15	including	include	VERB
easat-5348	186	16	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	186	17	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	186	18	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	186	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	20	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	186	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	186	23	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-5348	186	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	25	eti	eti	PROPN
easat-5348	186	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	186	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	187	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	187	2	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	187	3	also	also	ADV
easat-5348	187	4	explores	explore	VERB
easat-5348	187	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	187	6	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
easat-5348	187	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	187	8	usability	usability	NOUN
easat-5348	187	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	187	10	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5348	187	11	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-5348	187	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	187	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5348	187	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	187	15	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	187	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	187	17	lf	lf	NOUN
easat-5348	187	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	187	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	188	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-5348	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	188	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	188	4	measures	measure	VERB
easat-5348	188	5	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	188	6	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	188	7	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
easat-5348	188	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	188	9	extrinsic	extrinsic	ADJ
easat-5348	188	10	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	188	11	to	to	PART
easat-5348	188	12	learn	learn	VERB
easat-5348	188	13	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	188	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	188	15	lm	lm	PROPN
easat-5348	188	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	188	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	189	1	another	another	DET
easat-5348	189	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	189	3	aspect	aspect	NOUN
easat-5348	189	4	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	189	5	addresses	address	VERB
easat-5348	189	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	189	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	189	8	frequency	frequency	NOUN
easat-5348	189	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	189	10	perceived	perceive	VERB
easat-5348	189	11	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	189	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	189	13	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	189	14	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	189	15	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	189	16	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	189	17	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	189	18	devices	device	NOUN
easat-5348	189	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	189	20	s	s	NOUN
easat-5348	189	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	189	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	190	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
easat-5348	190	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	190	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	190	4	assesses	assess	VERB
easat-5348	190	5	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	190	6	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	190	7	self	self	NOUN
easat-5348	190	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	190	9	reported	report	VERB
easat-5348	190	10	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	190	11	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	190	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	190	13	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-5348	190	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	190	15	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	190	16	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-5348	190	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	190	18	la	la	NOUN
easat-5348	190	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	190	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	191	2	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	191	3	used	use	VERB
easat-5348	191	4	a	a	DET
easat-5348	191	5	five	five	NUM
easat-5348	191	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	7	point	point	NOUN
easat-5348	191	8	likert	likert	ADJ
easat-5348	191	9	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5348	191	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	11	ranging	range	VERB
easat-5348	191	12	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	191	13	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	191	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	15	strongly	strongly	ADV
easat-5348	191	16	disagree	disagree	VERB
easat-5348	191	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	18	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	191	19	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	191	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	21	strongly	strongly	ADV
easat-5348	191	22	agree	agree	VERB
easat-5348	191	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	25	to	to	PART
easat-5348	191	26	capture	capture	VERB
easat-5348	191	27	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-5348	191	28	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	191	29	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	191	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	191	31	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	191	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	192	1	3.4	3.4	NUM
easat-5348	192	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	192	3	pilot	pilot	NOUN
easat-5348	192	4	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-5348	192	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	192	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	192	7	pilot	pilot	NOUN
easat-5348	192	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	192	9	test	test	NOUN
easat-5348	192	10	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-5348	192	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	192	12	a	a	DET
easat-5348	192	13	total	total	NOUN
easat-5348	192	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	192	15	50	50	NUM
easat-5348	192	16	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	192	17	were	be	AUX
easat-5348	192	18	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-5348	192	19	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	192	20	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-5348	192	21	within	within	ADP
easat-5348	192	22	a	a	DET
easat-5348	192	23	specified	specified	ADJ
easat-5348	192	24	timeframe	timeframe	NOUN
easat-5348	192	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	193	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	193	2	completed	complete	VERB
easat-5348	193	3	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	193	4	were	be	AUX
easat-5348	193	5	then	then	ADV
easat-5348	193	6	collected	collect	VERB
easat-5348	193	7	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	193	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	193	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	194	1	to	to	PART
easat-5348	194	2	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5348	194	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	194	4	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	194	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	194	6	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-5348	194	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	194	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	194	9	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	194	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	194	11	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-5348	194	12	software	software	NOUN
easat-5348	194	13	spss	spss	PROPN
easat-5348	194	14	23.0	23.0	NUM
easat-5348	194	15	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	194	16	employed	employ	VERB
easat-5348	194	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	195	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	195	2	inter	inter	ADJ
easat-5348	195	3	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	195	4	item	item	ADJ
easat-5348	195	5	consistency	consistency	NOUN
easat-5348	195	6	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	195	7	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	195	8	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-5348	195	9	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	195	10	cronbach	cronbach	NOUN
easat-5348	195	11	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	195	12	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5348	195	13	α	α	PROPN
easat-5348	195	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	195	15	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	195	16	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	195	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	196	1	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	196	2	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5348	196	3	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	196	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	196	5	pilot	pilot	NOUN
easat-5348	196	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	196	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	197	1	variable	variable	PROPN
easat-5348	197	2	cronbach	cronbach	PROPN
easat-5348	197	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	197	4	alpha	alpha	NOUN
easat-5348	197	5	n	n	PROPN
easat-5348	197	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	197	7	items	item	NOUN
easat-5348	197	8	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	197	9	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	197	10	0.952	0.952	NUM
easat-5348	197	11	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	197	12	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	197	13	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	197	14	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	197	15	0.958	0.958	NUM
easat-5348	197	16	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	197	17	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	197	18	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	197	19	0.932	0.932	NUM
easat-5348	197	20	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	197	21	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	197	22	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	197	23	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	197	24	0.958	0.958	NUM
easat-5348	197	25	8	8	NUM
easat-5348	197	26	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	197	27	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	197	28	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	197	29	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	197	30	0.984	0.984	NUM
easat-5348	197	31	11	11	NUM
easat-5348	197	32	3.5	3.5	NUM
easat-5348	197	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	198	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	198	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	198	3	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	198	4	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	198	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	198	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	198	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	198	8	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-5348	198	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	198	10	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5348	198	11	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5348	198	12	were	be	AUX
easat-5348	198	13	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-5348	198	14	to	to	PART
easat-5348	198	15	summarize	summarize	VERB
easat-5348	198	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	198	17	demographic	demographic	ADJ
easat-5348	198	18	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-5348	198	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	198	20	response	response	NOUN
easat-5348	198	21	distributions	distribution	NOUN
easat-5348	198	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	198	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	198	24	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	198	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	199	1	confirmatory	confirmatory	ADJ
easat-5348	199	2	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	199	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	199	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	199	5	cfa	cfa	NOUN
easat-5348	199	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	199	7	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	199	8	824	824	NUM
easat-5348	199	9	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	199	10	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	199	11	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	199	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	199	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	199	14	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	199	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	199	16	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	199	17	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	199	18	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	199	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	199	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	200	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	200	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	200	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	201	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	201	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	201	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	201	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	201	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	201	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	201	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	201	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	201	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	201	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	201	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	201	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	201	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	201	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	201	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	201	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	201	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	201	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	201	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	201	20	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	201	21	to	to	PART
easat-5348	201	22	validate	validate	VERB
easat-5348	201	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	201	24	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-5348	201	25	models	model	NOUN
easat-5348	201	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	1	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-5348	202	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-5348	202	3	fit	fit	ADJ
easat-5348	202	4	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	202	5	indices	index	NOUN
easat-5348	202	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	202	7	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	202	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	202	9	chisquare	chisquare	PROPN
easat-5348	202	10	/	/	SYM
easat-5348	202	11	df	df	PROPN
easat-5348	202	12	ratio	ratio	NOUN
easat-5348	202	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	14	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-5348	202	15	fit	fit	ADJ
easat-5348	202	16	index	index	NOUN
easat-5348	202	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	18	cfi	cfi	PROPN
easat-5348	202	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	202	22	root	root	NOUN
easat-5348	202	23	mean	mean	VERB
easat-5348	202	24	square	square	ADJ
easat-5348	202	25	error	error	NOUN
easat-5348	202	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	202	27	approximation	approximation	NOUN
easat-5348	202	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	29	rmsea	rmsea	NOUN
easat-5348	202	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	202	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	203	1	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-5348	203	2	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-5348	203	3	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-5348	203	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	203	5	sem	sem	NOUN
easat-5348	203	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	203	7	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	203	8	employed	employ	VERB
easat-5348	203	9	to	to	PART
easat-5348	203	10	examine	examine	VERB
easat-5348	203	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	203	12	hypothesized	hypothesized	ADJ
easat-5348	203	13	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	203	14	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	203	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	203	16	constructs	construct	NOUN
easat-5348	203	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	203	18	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	203	19	path	path	NOUN
easat-5348	203	20	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5348	203	21	estimating	estimate	VERB
easat-5348	203	22	the	the	DET
easat-5348	203	23	strength	strength	NOUN
easat-5348	203	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	203	25	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-5348	203	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	203	27	these	these	DET
easat-5348	203	28	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	203	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	204	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	204	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	204	3	mediation	mediation	NOUN
easat-5348	204	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	204	5	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	204	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	204	7	bootstrapping	bootstrappe	VERB
easat-5348	204	8	method	method	NOUN
easat-5348	204	9	tested	test	VERB
easat-5348	204	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	204	11	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	204	12	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	204	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	204	14	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	204	15	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	204	16	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	204	17	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	204	18	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	204	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	204	20	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	204	21	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	204	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	204	23	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	204	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	204	25	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	204	26	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	204	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	204	28	determining	determine	VERB
easat-5348	204	29	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-5348	204	30	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	204	31	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	204	32	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-5348	204	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	204	34	corrected	correct	VERB
easat-5348	204	35	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-5348	204	36	intervals	interval	NOUN
easat-5348	204	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	205	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	205	2	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	205	3	will	will	AUX
easat-5348	205	4	be	be	AUX
easat-5348	205	5	elaborated	elaborate	VERB
easat-5348	205	6	upon	upon	SCONJ
easat-5348	205	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	205	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	205	9	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
easat-5348	205	10	chapter	chapter	NOUN
easat-5348	205	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	205	12	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	205	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	206	1	4	4	X
easat-5348	206	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	206	3	results	result	VERB
easat-5348	206	4	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-5348	206	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	206	6	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
easat-5348	206	7	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	206	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	206	9	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
easat-5348	206	10	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	206	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	206	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	206	13	efa	efa	PROPN
easat-5348	206	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	206	15	helps	helps	AUX
easat-5348	206	16	identify	identify	VERB
easat-5348	206	17	underlying	underlying	ADJ
easat-5348	206	18	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	206	19	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	206	20	a	a	DET
easat-5348	206	21	set	set	NOUN
easat-5348	206	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	206	23	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	206	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	207	1	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	207	2	empirically	empirically	ADV
easat-5348	207	3	examines	examine	VERB
easat-5348	207	4	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-5348	207	5	correlations	correlation	NOUN
easat-5348	207	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	208	2	this	this	DET
easat-5348	208	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	208	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	5	efa	efa	PROPN
easat-5348	208	6	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	208	7	used	use	VERB
easat-5348	208	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	208	9	uncover	uncover	VERB
easat-5348	208	10	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-5348	208	11	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-5348	208	12	related	relate	VERB
easat-5348	208	13	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	208	14	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	208	15	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	208	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	17	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	208	18	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	208	19	’	’	PART
easat-5348	208	20	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	208	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	208	23	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	208	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	25	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	208	26	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	27	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	208	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	29	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	208	30	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	208	31	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	208	32	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	208	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	208	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	208	35	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	208	36	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	208	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	209	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	209	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	209	3	.	.	X
easat-5348	209	4	kmo	kmo	PROPN
easat-5348	209	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	209	6	bartlett	bartlett	PROPN
easat-5348	209	7	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	209	8	test	test	NOUN
easat-5348	209	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	210	1	kaiser	kaiser	PROPN
easat-5348	210	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	210	3	meyer	meyer	PROPN
easat-5348	210	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	210	5	olkin	olkin	NOUN
easat-5348	210	6	measure	measure	NOUN
easat-5348	210	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	210	8	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-5348	210	9	adequacy	adequacy	NOUN
easat-5348	210	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	211	1	0.956	0.956	NUM
easat-5348	211	2	bartlett	bartlett	PROPN
easat-5348	211	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	211	4	test	test	NOUN
easat-5348	211	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	211	6	sphericity	sphericity	PROPN
easat-5348	211	7	approx	approx	PROPN
easat-5348	211	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	212	1	chi	chi	ADJ
easat-5348	212	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	212	3	square	square	ADJ
easat-5348	212	4	9272.654	9272.654	NUM
easat-5348	212	5	df	df	PROPN
easat-5348	212	6	595	595	NUM
easat-5348	212	7	sig	sig	NOUN
easat-5348	212	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	213	1	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	213	2	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	213	3	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	213	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	213	5	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	213	6	provided	provide	VERB
easat-5348	213	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	213	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	213	9	kmo	kmo	PROPN
easat-5348	213	10	value	value	NOUN
easat-5348	213	11	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	213	12	0.956	0.956	NUM
easat-5348	213	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	213	14	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	213	15	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	213	16	greater	great	ADJ
easat-5348	213	17	than	than	ADP
easat-5348	213	18	0.7	0.7	NUM
easat-5348	213	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	213	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	213	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	213	22	bartlett	bartlett	PROPN
easat-5348	213	23	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	213	24	test	test	NOUN
easat-5348	213	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	213	26	sphericity	sphericity	NOUN
easat-5348	213	27	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	213	28	significant(χ²	significant(χ²	NOUN
easat-5348	213	29	=	=	SYM
easat-5348	213	30	9272.654	9272.654	NUM
easat-5348	213	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	213	32	p	p	NOUN
easat-5348	213	33	=	=	NOUN
easat-5348	213	34	.000	.000	NUM
easat-5348	213	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	213	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	214	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	214	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	214	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5348	214	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	214	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	214	6	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-5348	214	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5348	214	8	meet	meet	VERB
easat-5348	214	9	the	the	DET
easat-5348	214	10	prerequisites	prerequisite	NOUN
easat-5348	214	11	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	214	12	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	214	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	214	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	215	1	825	825	NUM
easat-5348	215	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	215	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	215	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	215	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	215	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	215	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	215	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	215	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	215	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	215	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	215	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	215	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	216	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	216	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	216	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	216	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	217	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	217	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	217	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	217	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	217	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	217	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	217	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	217	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	217	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	217	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	217	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	217	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	217	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	217	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	217	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	217	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	217	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	217	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	217	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-5348	217	20	4.2	4.2	NUM
easat-5348	217	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	218	1	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	218	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	218	3	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	218	4	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	218	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	218	6	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	218	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5348	218	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	219	1	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-5348	219	2	item	item	PROPN
easat-5348	219	3	citc	citc	PROPN
easat-5348	219	4	cronbach	cronbach	PROPN
easat-5348	219	5	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	219	6	cronbach	cronbach	PROPN
easat-5348	219	7	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	219	8	alpha	alpha	NOUN
easat-5348	219	9	after	after	ADP
easat-5348	219	10	deleting	delete	VERB
easat-5348	219	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	219	12	item	item	NOUN
easat-5348	219	13	alpha	alpha	NOUN
easat-5348	219	14	ss	ss	PROPN
easat-5348	219	15	ss1	ss1	PROPN
easat-5348	219	16	0.818	0.818	NUM
easat-5348	219	17	0.875	0.875	NUM
easat-5348	219	18	0.904	0.904	NUM
easat-5348	219	19	ss2	ss2	PROPN
easat-5348	219	20	0.775	0.775	NUM
easat-5348	219	21	0.882	0.882	NUM
easat-5348	219	22	ss3	ss3	VERB
easat-5348	219	23	0.669	0.669	NUM
easat-5348	219	24	0.897	0.897	NUM
easat-5348	219	25	ss4	ss4	NOUN
easat-5348	219	26	0.723	0.723	NUM
easat-5348	219	27	0.889	0.889	NUM
easat-5348	219	28	ss5	ss5	NOUN
easat-5348	219	29	0.702	0.702	NUM
easat-5348	219	30	0.893	0.893	NUM
easat-5348	219	31	ss6	ss6	VERB
easat-5348	219	32	0.747	0.747	NUM
easat-5348	219	33	0.887	0.887	NUM
easat-5348	219	34	eti	eti	PROPN
easat-5348	219	35	eti1	eti1	NOUN
easat-5348	219	36	0.772	0.772	NUM
easat-5348	219	37	0.854	0.854	NUM
easat-5348	219	38	0.886	0.886	NUM
easat-5348	219	39	eti2	eti2	NOUN
easat-5348	219	40	0.741	0.741	NUM
easat-5348	219	41	0.857	0.857	NUM
easat-5348	219	42	eti3	eti3	PROPN
easat-5348	219	43	0.687	0.687	NUM
easat-5348	219	44	0.87	0.87	NUM
easat-5348	219	45	eti4	eti4	NOUN
easat-5348	219	46	0.719	0.719	NUM
easat-5348	219	47	0.863	0.863	NUM
easat-5348	219	48	eti5	eti5	PROPN
easat-5348	219	49	0.717	0.717	NUM
easat-5348	219	50	0.863	0.863	NUM
easat-5348	219	51	lf	lf	ADP
easat-5348	219	52	lf1	lf1	ADV
easat-5348	219	53	0.726	0.726	NUM
easat-5348	219	54	0.807	0.807	NUM
easat-5348	219	55	0.853	0.853	NUM
easat-5348	219	56	lf2	lf2	PROPN
easat-5348	219	57	0.666	0.666	NUM
easat-5348	219	58	0.822	0.822	NUM
easat-5348	219	59	lf3	lf3	NOUN
easat-5348	219	60	0.593	0.593	NUM
easat-5348	219	61	0.841	0.841	NUM
easat-5348	219	62	lf4	lf4	NOUN
easat-5348	219	63	0.661	0.661	NUM
easat-5348	219	64	0.823	0.823	NUM
easat-5348	219	65	lf5	lf5	NOUN
easat-5348	219	66	0.683	0.683	NUM
easat-5348	219	67	0.818	0.818	NUM
easat-5348	219	68	lm	lm	ADJ
easat-5348	219	69	lm1	lm1	VERB
easat-5348	219	70	0.788	0.788	NUM
easat-5348	219	71	0.911	0.911	NUM
easat-5348	219	72	0.924	0.924	NUM
easat-5348	219	73	lm2	lm2	VERB
easat-5348	219	74	0.767	0.767	NUM
easat-5348	219	75	0.912	0.912	NUM
easat-5348	219	76	lm3	lm3	NOUN
easat-5348	219	77	0.732	0.732	NUM
easat-5348	219	78	0.915	0.915	NUM
easat-5348	219	79	lm4	lm4	NOUN
easat-5348	219	80	0.72	0.72	NUM
easat-5348	219	81	0.916	0.916	NUM
easat-5348	219	82	lm5	lm5	ADV
easat-5348	219	83	0.711	0.711	NUM
easat-5348	219	84	0.917	0.917	NUM
easat-5348	219	85	lm6	lm6	NOUN
easat-5348	219	86	0.777	0.777	NUM
easat-5348	219	87	0.911	0.911	NUM
easat-5348	219	88	lm7	lm7	ADJ
easat-5348	219	89	0.739	0.739	NUM
easat-5348	219	90	0.914	0.914	NUM
easat-5348	219	91	lm8	lm8	NOUN
easat-5348	219	92	0.714	0.714	NUM
easat-5348	219	93	0.916	0.916	NUM
easat-5348	219	94	s	s	PART
easat-5348	219	95	s1	s1	NOUN
easat-5348	219	96	0.761	0.761	NUM
easat-5348	219	97	0.939	0.939	NUM
easat-5348	219	98	0.945	0.945	NUM
easat-5348	219	99	s2	s2	NOUN
easat-5348	219	100	0.796	0.796	NUM
easat-5348	219	101	0.938	0.938	NUM
easat-5348	219	102	s3	s3	PROPN
easat-5348	219	103	0.721	0.721	NUM
easat-5348	219	104	0.941	0.941	NUM
easat-5348	219	105	s4	s4	PROPN
easat-5348	219	106	0.695	0.695	NUM
easat-5348	219	107	0.942	0.942	NUM
easat-5348	219	108	s8	s8	NOUN
easat-5348	219	109	0.726	0.726	NUM
easat-5348	219	110	0.941	0.941	NUM
easat-5348	219	111	s5	s5	PROPN
easat-5348	219	112	0.746	0.746	NUM
easat-5348	219	113	0.94	0.94	NUM
easat-5348	219	114	s6	s6	PROPN
easat-5348	219	115	0.693	0.693	NUM
easat-5348	219	116	0.942	0.942	NUM
easat-5348	219	117	s7	s7	VERB
easat-5348	219	118	0.769	0.769	NUM
easat-5348	219	119	0.939	0.939	NUM
easat-5348	219	120	s9	s9	NOUN
easat-5348	219	121	0.799	0.799	NUM
easat-5348	219	122	0.938	0.938	NUM
easat-5348	219	123	s10	s10	NOUN
easat-5348	219	124	0.887	0.887	NUM
easat-5348	219	125	0.934	0.934	NUM
easat-5348	219	126	s11	s11	PROPN
easat-5348	219	127	0.727	0.727	NUM
easat-5348	219	128	0.941	0.941	NUM
easat-5348	219	129	the	the	DET
easat-5348	219	130	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	219	131	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	219	132	the	the	DET
easat-5348	219	133	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	219	134	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5348	219	135	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	219	136	all	all	DET
easat-5348	219	137	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	219	138	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5348	219	139	cronbach	cronbach	PROPN
easat-5348	219	140	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	219	141	alpha	alpha	NOUN
easat-5348	219	142	values	value	NOUN
easat-5348	219	143	above	above	ADP
easat-5348	219	144	the	the	DET
easat-5348	219	145	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ
easat-5348	219	146	threshold	threshold	NOUN
easat-5348	219	147	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	219	148	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	219	149	ss	ss	NOUN
easat-5348	219	150	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	219	151	0.904	0.904	NUM
easat-5348	219	152	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	219	153	eti	eti	VERB
easat-5348	219	154	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	219	155	0.886	0.886	NUM
easat-5348	219	156	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	219	157	lf	lf	ADP
easat-5348	219	158	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	219	159	0.853	0.853	NUM
easat-5348	219	160	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	219	161	lm	lm	X
easat-5348	219	162	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	219	163	0.924	0.924	NUM
easat-5348	219	164	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	219	165	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	219	166	s	s	VERB
easat-5348	219	167	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	219	168	0.945	0.945	NUM
easat-5348	219	169	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	220	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	220	2	values	value	NOUN
easat-5348	220	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
easat-5348	220	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	220	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	220	6	items	item	NOUN
easat-5348	220	7	within	within	ADP
easat-5348	220	8	each	each	DET
easat-5348	220	9	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	220	10	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	220	11	interrelated	interrelated	ADJ
easat-5348	220	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	220	13	collectively	collectively	ADV
easat-5348	220	14	measure	measure	VERB
easat-5348	220	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	220	16	intended	intend	VERB
easat-5348	220	17	construct	construct	NOUN
easat-5348	220	18	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	220	19	a	a	DET
easat-5348	220	20	high	high	ADJ
easat-5348	220	21	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-5348	220	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	220	23	consistency	consistency	NOUN
easat-5348	220	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	221	1	826	826	NUM
easat-5348	221	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	221	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	221	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	221	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	221	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	221	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	221	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	221	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	221	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	221	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	221	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	221	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	222	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	222	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	222	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	222	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	223	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	223	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	223	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	223	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	223	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	223	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	223	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	223	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	223	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	223	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	223	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	223	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	223	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	223	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	223	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	223	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	223	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	223	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	223	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	223	20	4.3	4.3	NUM
easat-5348	223	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	224	1	confirmatory	confirmatory	ADJ
easat-5348	224	2	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	224	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	224	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	224	5	cfa	cfa	NOUN
easat-5348	224	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	224	7	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	224	8	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	224	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	224	10	discriminant	discriminant	ADJ
easat-5348	224	11	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-5348	224	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	225	1	ss	ss	PROPN
easat-5348	225	2	eti	eti	PROPN
easat-5348	226	1	lf	lf	INTJ
easat-5348	226	2	lm	lm	INTJ
easat-5348	226	3	s	s	PROPN
easat-5348	226	4	la	la	ADP
easat-5348	226	5	ss	ss	NOUN
easat-5348	226	6	0.786	0.786	NUM
easat-5348	226	7	eti	eti	PROPN
easat-5348	226	8	0.394	0.394	NOUN
easat-5348	226	9	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	226	10	*	*	X
easat-5348	226	11	0.784	0.784	NUM
easat-5348	226	12	lf	lf	ADP
easat-5348	226	13	0.374	0.374	NUM
easat-5348	226	14	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	226	15	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	226	16	0.320	0.320	NUM
easat-5348	226	17	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	226	18	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	226	19	0.736	0.736	NUM
easat-5348	226	20	lm	lm	NUM
easat-5348	226	21	0.432	0.432	NUM
easat-5348	226	22	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	226	23	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	226	24	0.363	0.363	NUM
easat-5348	226	25	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	226	26	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	1	0.371	0.371	NUM
easat-5348	227	2	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	3	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	4	0.778	0.778	NUM
easat-5348	227	5	s	s	PART
easat-5348	227	6	0.581	0.581	NUM
easat-5348	227	7	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	227	8	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	9	0.417	0.417	NUM
easat-5348	227	10	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	11	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	12	0.470	0.470	NUM
easat-5348	227	13	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	14	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	15	0.468	0.468	NUM
easat-5348	227	16	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	17	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	227	18	0.782	0.782	NUM
easat-5348	227	19	la	la	NOUN
easat-5348	227	20	0.531	0.531	NUM
easat-5348	227	21	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	227	22	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	23	0.499	0.499	NUM
easat-5348	227	24	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	25	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	26	0.530	0.530	NUM
easat-5348	227	27	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	28	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	29	0.549	0.549	NUM
easat-5348	227	30	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	31	*	*	NOUN
easat-5348	227	32	0.624	0.624	NUM
easat-5348	227	33	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	34	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	227	36	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	227	37	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	227	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	228	1	cfa	cfa	PROPN
easat-5348	228	2	results	result	VERB
easat-5348	228	3	reporting	report	VERB
easat-5348	228	4	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	228	5	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5348	228	6	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-5348	228	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-5348	228	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	1	construct	construct	VERB
easat-5348	229	2	item	item	NOUN
easat-5348	229	3	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	229	4	loading	loading	NOUN
easat-5348	229	5	cronbach	cronbach	NOUN
easat-5348	229	6	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	229	7	alpha	alpha	NOUN
easat-5348	229	8	cr	cr	AUX
easat-5348	229	9	ave	ave	PROPN
easat-5348	229	10	>	>	PROPN
easat-5348	229	11	0.5	0.5	NUM
easat-5348	229	12	>	>	SYM
easat-5348	229	13	0.7	0.7	NUM
easat-5348	229	14	>	>	SYM
easat-5348	229	15	0.6	0.6	NUM
easat-5348	229	16	>	>	SYM
easat-5348	229	17	0.5	0.5	NUM
easat-5348	229	18	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	229	19	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	229	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	21	ss	ss	PROPN
easat-5348	229	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	23	ss1	ss1	NOUN
easat-5348	229	24	0.867	0.867	NUM
easat-5348	229	25	0.917	0.917	NUM
easat-5348	229	26	0.906	0.906	NUM
easat-5348	229	27	0.618	0.618	NUM
easat-5348	229	28	ss2	ss2	PROPN
easat-5348	229	29	0.817	0.817	NUM
easat-5348	229	30	ss3	ss3	NOUN
easat-5348	229	31	0.708	0.708	NUM
easat-5348	229	32	ss4	ss4	PROPN
easat-5348	229	33	0.783	0.783	NUM
easat-5348	229	34	ss5	ss5	NOUN
easat-5348	229	35	0.74	0.74	NUM
easat-5348	229	36	ss6	ss6	PROPN
easat-5348	229	37	0.793	0.793	NUM
easat-5348	229	38	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	229	39	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	229	40	’	’	PART
easat-5348	229	41	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	229	42	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	43	eti	eti	PROPN
easat-5348	229	44	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	45	eti1	eti1	NOUN
easat-5348	229	46	0.831	0.831	NUM
easat-5348	229	47	0.886	0.886	NUM
easat-5348	229	48	0.889	0.889	NUM
easat-5348	229	49	0.615	0.615	NUM
easat-5348	229	50	eti2	eti2	NOUN
easat-5348	229	51	0.798	0.798	NUM
easat-5348	229	52	eti3	eti3	PROPN
easat-5348	229	53	0.738	0.738	NUM
easat-5348	229	54	eti4	eti4	NOUN
easat-5348	229	55	0.776	0.776	NUM
easat-5348	229	56	eti5	eti5	PROPN
easat-5348	229	57	0.775	0.775	NUM
easat-5348	229	58	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	229	59	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	229	60	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	61	lf	lf	NOUN
easat-5348	229	62	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	63	lf1	lf1	NOUN
easat-5348	229	64	0.804	0.804	NUM
easat-5348	229	65	0.853	0.853	NUM
easat-5348	229	66	0.855	0.855	NUM
easat-5348	229	67	0.541	0.541	NUM
easat-5348	229	68	lf2	lf2	NOUN
easat-5348	229	69	0.747	0.747	NUM
easat-5348	229	70	lf3	lf3	NOUN
easat-5348	229	71	0.647	0.647	NUM
easat-5348	229	72	lf4	lf4	NOUN
easat-5348	229	73	0.723	0.723	NUM
easat-5348	229	74	lf5	lf5	NOUN
easat-5348	229	75	0.749	0.749	NUM
easat-5348	229	76	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	229	77	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	78	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	229	79	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	80	lm	lm	INTJ
easat-5348	229	81	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	82	lm1	lm1	NOUN
easat-5348	229	83	0.823	0.823	NUM
easat-5348	229	84	0.924	0.924	NUM
easat-5348	229	85	0.925	0.925	NUM
easat-5348	229	86	0.606	0.606	NUM
easat-5348	229	87	lm2	lm2	NOUN
easat-5348	229	88	0.798	0.798	NUM
easat-5348	229	89	lm3	lm3	NOUN
easat-5348	229	90	0.766	0.766	NUM
easat-5348	229	91	lm4	lm4	ADJ
easat-5348	229	92	0.755	0.755	NUM
easat-5348	229	93	lm5	lm5	NOUN
easat-5348	229	94	0.747	0.747	NUM
easat-5348	229	95	lm6	lm6	NOUN
easat-5348	229	96	0.81	0.81	NUM
easat-5348	229	97	lm7	lm7	NOUN
easat-5348	229	98	0.769	0.769	NUM
easat-5348	229	99	lm8	lm8	NOUN
easat-5348	229	100	0.754	0.754	NUM
easat-5348	229	101	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	229	102	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	229	103	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	229	104	mobileassisted	mobileassisted	ADJ
easat-5348	229	105	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	229	106	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	229	107	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	108	s	s	NOUN
easat-5348	229	109	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	110	s1	s1	NOUN
easat-5348	229	111	0.784	0.784	NUM
easat-5348	229	112	0.945	0.945	NUM
easat-5348	229	113	0.945	0.945	NUM
easat-5348	229	114	0.612	0.612	NUM
easat-5348	229	115	s2	s2	NOUN
easat-5348	229	116	0.822	0.822	NUM
easat-5348	229	117	s3	s3	PROPN
easat-5348	229	118	0.748	0.748	NUM
easat-5348	229	119	s4	s4	PROPN
easat-5348	229	120	0.715	0.715	NUM
easat-5348	229	121	s5	s5	PROPN
easat-5348	229	122	0.767	0.767	NUM
easat-5348	229	123	s6	s6	PROPN
easat-5348	229	124	0.721	0.721	NUM
easat-5348	229	125	s7	s7	PROPN
easat-5348	229	126	0.79	0.79	NUM
easat-5348	229	127	s8	s8	PROPN
easat-5348	229	128	0.744	0.744	NUM
easat-5348	229	129	s9	s9	NOUN
easat-5348	229	130	0.824	0.824	NUM
easat-5348	229	131	s10	s10	NOUN
easat-5348	229	132	0.917	0.917	NUM
easat-5348	229	133	s11	s11	NOUN
easat-5348	229	134	0.751	0.751	NUM
easat-5348	229	135	upon	upon	SCONJ
easat-5348	229	136	examining	examine	VERB
easat-5348	229	137	tables	table	NOUN
easat-5348	229	138	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	229	139	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	229	140	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	229	141	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	142	the	the	DET
easat-5348	229	143	model	model	NOUN
easat-5348	229	144	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5348	229	145	discriminant	discriminant	NOUN
easat-5348	229	146	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	229	147	construct	construct	VERB
easat-5348	229	148	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-5348	229	149	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	229	150	as	as	ADV
easat-5348	229	151	well	well	ADV
easat-5348	229	152	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	229	153	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	229	154	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	230	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	230	2	correlations	correlation	NOUN
easat-5348	230	3	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	230	4	constructs	construct	NOUN
easat-5348	230	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	230	6	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	230	7	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	230	8	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	230	9	below	below	ADP
easat-5348	230	10	0.85	0.85	NUM
easat-5348	230	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	230	12	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-5348	230	13	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-5348	230	14	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-5348	230	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	230	16	avoiding	avoid	VERB
easat-5348	230	17	collinearity	collinearity	NOUN
easat-5348	230	18	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-5348	230	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	231	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	231	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-5348	231	4	high	high	ADJ
easat-5348	231	5	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	231	6	loadings	loading	NOUN
easat-5348	231	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	8	>	>	X
easat-5348	231	9	0.5	0.5	NUM
easat-5348	231	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	12	composite	composite	ADJ
easat-5348	231	13	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-5348	231	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	15	cr	cr	NOUN
easat-5348	231	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	17	values	value	NOUN
easat-5348	231	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	19	>	>	NOUN
easat-5348	231	20	0.60	0.60	NUM
easat-5348	231	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	231	24	average	average	ADJ
easat-5348	231	25	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-5348	231	26	extracted	extract	VERB
easat-5348	231	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	28	ave	ave	NOUN
easat-5348	231	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	30	values	value	NOUN
easat-5348	231	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	32	>	>	X
easat-5348	231	33	0.50	0.50	NUM
easat-5348	231	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	35	across	across	ADP
easat-5348	231	36	all	all	PRON
easat-5348	231	37	827	827	NUM
easat-5348	231	38	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	231	39	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	231	40	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	231	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	231	42	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	231	43	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	231	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	231	45	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	231	46	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	231	47	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	231	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	231	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	232	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	232	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	232	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	232	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	233	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	233	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	233	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	233	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	233	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	233	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	233	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	233	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	233	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	233	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	233	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	233	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	233	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	233	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	233	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	233	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	233	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	233	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	233	20	constructs	construct	NOUN
easat-5348	233	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	233	22	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5348	233	23	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5348	233	24	internal	internal	ADJ
easat-5348	233	25	consistency	consistency	NOUN
easat-5348	233	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	233	27	convergent	convergent	NOUN
easat-5348	233	28	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-5348	233	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	234	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	234	2	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-5348	234	3	ensures	ensure	VERB
easat-5348	234	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	234	5	model	model	NOUN
easat-5348	234	6	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	234	7	suitability	suitability	NOUN
easat-5348	234	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	234	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	234	10	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-5348	234	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	234	12	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	234	13	credibility	credibility	NOUN
easat-5348	234	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	234	15	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-5348	234	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	234	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	234	18	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	234	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	234	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	234	21	supporting	support	VERB
easat-5348	234	22	further	further	ADJ
easat-5348	234	23	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-5348	234	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	234	25	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-5348	234	26	applications	application	NOUN
easat-5348	234	27	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	234	28	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	234	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	234	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	234	31	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	234	32	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	234	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	235	1	4.4	4.4	NUM
easat-5348	235	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	236	1	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	236	2	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-5348	236	3	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	236	4	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	236	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	237	1	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-5348	237	2	report	report	NOUN
easat-5348	237	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	237	4	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	237	5	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	237	6	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	237	7	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	237	8	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	237	9	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	237	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	237	11	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	237	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	237	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	237	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	237	15	s	s	NOUN
easat-5348	237	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	237	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	1	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	238	2	total	total	NOUN
easat-5348	238	3	beta	beta	NOUN
easat-5348	238	4	/	/	SYM
easat-5348	238	5	no	no	DET
easat-5348	238	6	mediator	mediator	NOUN
easat-5348	238	7	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	8	p	p	X
easat-5348	238	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	10	value	value	NOUN
easat-5348	238	11	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5348	238	12	beta	beta	NOUN
easat-5348	238	13	/after	/after	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	14	mediator	mediator	NOUN
easat-5348	238	15	entered	enter	VERB
easat-5348	238	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	17	p	p	X
easat-5348	238	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	19	value	value	NOUN
easat-5348	238	20	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-5348	238	21	beta	beta	NOUN
easat-5348	238	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	23	p	p	X
easat-5348	238	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	238	25	value	value	NOUN
easat-5348	238	26	mediation	mediation	NOUN
easat-5348	238	27	type	type	NOUN
easat-5348	239	1	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5348	239	2	s	s	NOUN
easat-5348	239	3	mediates	mediate	NOUN
easat-5348	239	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	5	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	239	6	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	239	7	ss	ss	NOUN
easat-5348	239	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	239	9	la	la	PROPN
easat-5348	239	10	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	239	11	.209	.209	NUM
easat-5348	239	12	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	13	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	14	.108	.108	NUM
easat-5348	239	15	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	16	0.019	0.019	NUM
easat-5348	239	17	.102	.102	NUM
easat-5348	239	18	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	19	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	20	partial	partial	NOUN
easat-5348	239	21	s	s	PART
easat-5348	239	22	mediates	mediate	NOUN
easat-5348	239	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	24	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	239	25	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	239	26	eti	eti	PROPN
easat-5348	239	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	239	28	la	la	PROPN
easat-5348	239	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	239	30	.227	.227	NUM
easat-5348	239	31	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	32	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	33	.198	.198	NUM
easat-5348	239	34	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	35	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	36	.030	.030	NUM
easat-5348	239	37	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	38	0.013	0.013	NUM
easat-5348	239	39	partial	partial	NOUN
easat-5348	239	40	s	s	PART
easat-5348	239	41	mediates	mediate	NOUN
easat-5348	239	42	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	43	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	239	44	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	239	45	lf	lf	NOUN
easat-5348	239	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	239	47	la	la	PROPN
easat-5348	239	48	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	239	49	.293	.293	NUM
easat-5348	239	50	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	51	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	52	.231	.231	NUM
easat-5348	239	53	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	54	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	55	.063	.063	NUM
easat-5348	239	56	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	57	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	58	partial	partial	NOUN
easat-5348	239	59	s	s	PART
easat-5348	239	60	mediates	mediate	NOUN
easat-5348	239	61	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	62	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	239	63	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	239	64	lm	lm	INTJ
easat-5348	239	65	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	239	66	la	la	PROPN
easat-5348	239	67	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	239	68	.261	.261	NUM
easat-5348	239	69	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	70	0.001	0.001	NUM
easat-5348	239	71	.215;0.001	.215;0.001	NOUN
easat-5348	239	72	.046	.046	NUM
easat-5348	239	73	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	74	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5348	239	75	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-5348	239	76	note	note	NOUN
easat-5348	239	77	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	239	78	n	n	NOUN
easat-5348	239	79	=	=	SYM
easat-5348	239	80	5,000	5,000	NUM
easat-5348	239	81	repetitions	repetition	NOUN
easat-5348	239	82	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	239	83	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	239	84	sheds	shed	NOUN
easat-5348	239	85	light	light	NOUN
easat-5348	239	86	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	239	87	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	88	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	239	89	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	239	90	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	239	91	s	s	PRON
easat-5348	239	92	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	239	93	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	94	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	239	95	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	239	96	the	the	DET
easat-5348	239	97	predictor	predictor	NOUN
easat-5348	239	98	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	239	99	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	239	100	la	la	NOUN
easat-5348	239	101	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	240	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	240	2	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5348	240	3	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-5348	240	4	mediation	mediation	NOUN
easat-5348	240	5	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	240	6	underscore	underscore	VERB
easat-5348	240	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	240	8	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-5348	240	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	240	10	these	these	DET
easat-5348	240	11	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	240	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	240	13	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5348	240	14	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	240	15	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5348	240	16	s	s	NOUN
easat-5348	240	17	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	240	18	a	a	DET
easat-5348	240	19	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	240	20	contributor	contributor	NOUN
easat-5348	240	21	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	240	22	la	la	PROPN
easat-5348	240	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	240	24	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	240	25	does	do	AUX
easat-5348	240	26	not	not	PART
easat-5348	240	27	fully	fully	ADV
easat-5348	240	28	account	account	VERB
easat-5348	240	29	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	240	30	the	the	DET
easat-5348	240	31	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	240	32	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	240	33	the	the	DET
easat-5348	240	34	predictor	predictor	NOUN
easat-5348	240	35	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	240	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	241	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	241	2	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	241	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-5348	241	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	241	5	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-5348	241	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	241	7	considering	consider	VERB
easat-5348	241	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-5348	241	9	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	241	10	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
easat-5348	241	11	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5348	241	12	designing	designing	NOUN
easat-5348	241	13	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-5348	241	14	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-5348	241	15	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	241	16	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	241	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	241	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	241	19	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	241	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	242	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	242	2	7	7	NUM
easat-5348	242	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	242	4	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	242	5	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-5348	242	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	243	1	h(x	h(x	PROPN
easat-5348	243	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	243	3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	243	4	finding	find	VERB
easat-5348	243	5	h1	h1	NOUN
easat-5348	243	6	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	243	7	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	243	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	243	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	243	10	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	243	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	243	12	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	243	13	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	243	14	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	243	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	243	16	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	243	17	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	243	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	243	19	efl	efl	NOUN
easat-5348	243	20	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	243	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	243	22	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5348	243	23	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	243	24	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	243	25	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	243	26	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	243	27	city	city	PROPN
easat-5348	243	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	243	29	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
easat-5348	243	30	province	province	PROPN
easat-5348	243	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	243	32	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	243	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	244	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	244	2	h2	h2	NOUN
easat-5348	244	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	244	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	244	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	244	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	244	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	244	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	244	9	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	244	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	244	11	’	’	PART
easat-5348	244	12	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	244	13	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	244	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	244	15	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	244	16	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	244	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	245	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	245	2	h3	h3	NOUN
easat-5348	245	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	245	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	245	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	245	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	245	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	245	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	245	9	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	245	10	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	245	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	245	12	the	the	DET
easat-5348	245	13	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	245	14	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	245	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	246	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	246	2	h4	h4	PROPN
easat-5348	246	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	246	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	246	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	246	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	246	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	246	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	246	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	246	10	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	246	11	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	246	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	246	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	246	14	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	246	15	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	246	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	247	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	247	2	h5	h5	NOUN
easat-5348	247	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	247	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	247	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	247	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	247	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	247	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	247	9	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	247	10	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	247	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	247	12	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	247	13	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	247	14	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	247	15	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	247	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	248	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	248	2	h6	h6	PROPN
easat-5348	248	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	248	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	248	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	248	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	248	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	248	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	248	9	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	248	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	248	11	’	’	PART
easat-5348	248	12	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	248	13	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	248	14	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	248	15	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	248	16	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	248	17	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	248	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	249	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	249	2	h7	h7	PROPN
easat-5348	249	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	249	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	249	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	249	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	249	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	249	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	249	9	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	249	10	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	249	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	249	12	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	249	13	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	249	14	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	249	15	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	249	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	250	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	250	2	h8	h8	PROPN
easat-5348	250	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	250	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	250	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	250	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	250	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	250	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	250	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	250	10	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	250	11	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	250	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	250	13	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	250	14	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	250	15	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	250	16	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	250	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	251	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	251	2	h9	h9	NOUN
easat-5348	251	3	there	there	PRON
easat-5348	251	4	is	be	VERB
easat-5348	251	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	251	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	251	7	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	251	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	251	9	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	251	10	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	251	11	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	251	12	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	251	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	251	14	s	s	NOUN
easat-5348	251	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	251	16	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	251	17	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	251	18	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	251	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	252	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	252	2	h10	h10	NOUN
easat-5348	252	3	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	252	4	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	252	5	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	252	6	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	252	7	has	have	VERB
easat-5348	252	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	252	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	252	10	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	252	11	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	252	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	252	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	252	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	252	15	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	252	16	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	252	17	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	252	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	252	19	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	252	20	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	252	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	253	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	253	2	h11	h11	NOUN
easat-5348	253	3	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	253	4	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	253	5	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	253	6	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	253	7	has	have	VERB
easat-5348	253	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	253	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	253	10	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	253	11	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	253	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	253	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	253	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	253	15	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	253	16	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	253	17	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	253	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	253	19	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	253	20	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	253	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	254	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	254	2	h12	h12	NOUN
easat-5348	254	3	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	254	4	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	254	5	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	254	6	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	254	7	has	have	VERB
easat-5348	254	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	254	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	254	10	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	254	11	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	254	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	254	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	254	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	254	15	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	254	16	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	254	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	254	18	’	’	PART
easat-5348	254	19	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	254	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	254	21	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	254	22	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	254	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	255	1	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	255	2	h13	h13	NOUN
easat-5348	255	3	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	255	4	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	255	5	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	255	6	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	255	7	has	have	VERB
easat-5348	255	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	255	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	255	10	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	255	11	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	255	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	255	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	255	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	255	15	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	255	16	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	255	17	’	’	PART
easat-5348	255	18	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	255	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	255	20	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	255	21	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	255	22	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5348	255	23	828	828	NUM
easat-5348	255	24	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	255	25	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	255	26	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	255	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	255	28	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	255	29	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	255	30	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	255	31	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	255	32	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	255	33	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	255	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	255	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	256	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	256	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	256	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	256	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	257	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	257	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	257	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	257	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	257	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	257	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	257	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	257	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	257	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	257	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	257	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	257	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	257	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	257	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	257	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	257	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	257	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	257	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	257	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	257	20	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	257	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	257	22	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-5348	257	23	5.1	5.1	NUM
easat-5348	257	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	258	1	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5348	258	2	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	258	3	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	258	4	education	education	PROPN
easat-5348	258	5	5.1.1	5.1.1	NOUN
easat-5348	258	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	259	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	259	2	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5348	259	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	259	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	259	5	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5348	259	6	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	259	7	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	259	8	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-5348	259	9	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	259	10	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	259	11	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	259	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	259	13	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	259	14	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	259	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	259	16	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	259	17	city	city	PROPN
easat-5348	259	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	259	19	jiangsu	jiangsu	PROPN
easat-5348	259	20	province	province	PROPN
easat-5348	259	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	259	22	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	259	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	259	24	offers	offer	VERB
easat-5348	259	25	several	several	ADJ
easat-5348	259	26	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	259	27	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-5348	259	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	260	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
easat-5348	260	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	260	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	260	4	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	260	5	our	our	PRON
easat-5348	260	6	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	260	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-5348	260	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	260	9	the	the	DET
easat-5348	260	10	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	260	11	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5348	260	12	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	260	13	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	260	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	260	15	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	260	16	a	a	DET
easat-5348	260	17	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-5348	260	18	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
easat-5348	260	19	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	260	20	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	260	21	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	260	22	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5348	260	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	260	24	conducive	conducive	ADJ
easat-5348	260	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	260	26	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	260	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	261	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
easat-5348	261	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	261	3	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	261	4	examining	examine	VERB
easat-5348	261	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	261	6	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	261	7	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	261	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	261	9	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	261	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	261	11	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	261	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	261	13	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	261	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	261	15	learning)-based	learning)-base	VERB
easat-5348	261	16	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	261	17	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	261	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	261	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	261	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	261	21	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	261	22	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5348	261	23	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	261	24	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	261	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	261	26	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	261	27	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	261	28	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	261	29	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	261	30	a	a	DET
easat-5348	261	31	bridge	bridge	NOUN
easat-5348	261	32	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	261	33	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	261	34	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-5348	261	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	261	36	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	261	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	262	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-5348	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	262	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5348	262	4	differentiates	differentiate	VERB
easat-5348	262	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	262	6	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	262	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	262	8	various	various	ADJ
easat-5348	262	9	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	262	10	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	262	11	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	262	12	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	262	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	262	14	explores	explore	VERB
easat-5348	262	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	262	16	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
easat-5348	262	17	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-5348	262	18	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	262	19	which	which	PRON
easat-5348	262	20	these	these	DET
easat-5348	262	21	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	262	22	operate	operate	VERB
easat-5348	262	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	262	24	offering	offer	VERB
easat-5348	262	25	a	a	DET
easat-5348	262	26	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-5348	262	27	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-5348	262	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
easat-5348	263	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	263	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	263	5	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	263	6	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5348	263	7	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	263	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	263	9	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-5348	263	10	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	263	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	12	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5348	263	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	263	14	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5348	263	15	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	263	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	263	17	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	263	18	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	263	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	20	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	263	21	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	263	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	263	24	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	263	25	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	26	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	263	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	28	as	as	ADV
easat-5348	263	29	well	well	ADV
easat-5348	263	30	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	263	31	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-5348	263	32	the	the	DET
easat-5348	263	33	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	263	34	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	263	35	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	263	36	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	263	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	263	38	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	263	39	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	263	40	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	263	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	264	1	5.1.2	5.1.2	X
easat-5348	264	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	264	3	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-5348	264	4	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5348	264	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	264	6	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	264	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	264	8	this	this	DET
easat-5348	264	9	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	264	10	offer	offer	VERB
easat-5348	264	11	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-5348	264	12	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-5348	264	13	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	264	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	264	15	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
easat-5348	264	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	264	17	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5348	264	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	265	1	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	265	2	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	265	3	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	265	4	invest	invest	VERB
easat-5348	265	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	265	6	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-5348	265	7	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	265	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	265	9	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	265	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	265	11	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	265	12	to	to	PART
easat-5348	265	13	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	265	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	265	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	265	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	265	17	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	265	18	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	265	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	265	20	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5348	265	21	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	265	22	the	the	DET
easat-5348	265	23	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	265	24	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	265	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	266	1	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-5348	266	2	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	266	3	be	be	AUX
easat-5348	266	4	equipped	equip	VERB
easat-5348	266	5	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	266	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	266	7	latest	late	ADJ
easat-5348	266	8	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-5348	266	9	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	266	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	266	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	266	12	to	to	PART
easat-5348	266	13	boost	boost	VERB
easat-5348	266	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	266	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	266	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	267	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	267	3	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	267	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-5348	267	5	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	267	6	implement	implement	VERB
easat-5348	267	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	267	8	to	to	PART
easat-5348	267	9	foster	foster	VERB
easat-5348	267	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	267	11	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-5348	267	12	student	student	NOUN
easat-5348	267	13	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	267	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	267	15	including	include	VERB
easat-5348	267	16	setting	set	VERB
easat-5348	267	17	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-5348	267	18	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-5348	267	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	267	20	providing	provide	VERB
easat-5348	267	21	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-5348	267	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	267	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	267	24	creating	create	VERB
easat-5348	267	25	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5348	267	26	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	267	27	real	real	ADJ
easat-5348	267	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	267	29	world	world	NOUN
easat-5348	267	30	application	application	NOUN
easat-5348	267	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	268	1	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-5348	268	2	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	268	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	268	4	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	268	5	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	268	6	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	268	7	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	268	8	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	268	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	268	10	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	268	11	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	268	12	controlled	control	VERB
easat-5348	268	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	268	14	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-5348	268	15	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	268	16	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-5348	268	17	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	268	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	268	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	269	1	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5348	269	2	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	269	3	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-5348	269	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	269	5	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	269	6	to	to	PART
easat-5348	269	7	inform	inform	VERB
easat-5348	269	8	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-5348	269	9	related	relate	VERB
easat-5348	269	10	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	269	11	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	269	12	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-5348	269	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	269	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-5348	269	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	269	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	269	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	269	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	269	19	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-5348	269	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	269	21	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	269	22	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	269	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	270	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-5348	270	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	270	3	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	270	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-5348	270	5	can	can	AUX
easat-5348	270	6	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-5348	270	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	270	8	allocate	allocate	VERB
easat-5348	270	9	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5348	270	10	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	270	11	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5348	270	12	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	270	13	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	270	14	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5348	270	15	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-5348	270	16	showcasing	showcase	VERB
easat-5348	270	17	the	the	DET
easat-5348	270	18	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5348	270	19	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-5348	270	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	270	21	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	270	22	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	270	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	270	24	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	270	25	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	270	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	270	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	270	28	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	270	29	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	270	30	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	270	31	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	270	32	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	270	33	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	270	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	271	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
easat-5348	271	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	271	3	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	271	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	271	5	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
easat-5348	271	6	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	271	7	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	271	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	271	9	the	the	DET
easat-5348	271	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	271	11	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	271	12	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	271	13	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	271	14	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	271	15	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	271	16	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	271	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	271	18	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	271	19	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	271	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	271	21	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	271	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	271	23	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	271	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	271	25	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5348	271	26	insightful	insightful	ADJ
easat-5348	271	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	271	28	has	have	VERB
easat-5348	271	29	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	271	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	272	1	here	here	ADV
easat-5348	272	2	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	272	3	key	key	ADJ
easat-5348	272	4	areas	area	NOUN
easat-5348	272	5	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	272	6	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	272	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	272	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	273	1	5.2.1	5.2.1	X
easat-5348	273	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	274	1	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-5348	274	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	274	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	274	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	274	5	focused	focus	VERB
easat-5348	274	6	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	274	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	274	8	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	274	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	274	10	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	274	11	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	274	12	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	274	13	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	274	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	275	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	275	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	275	3	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	275	4	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	275	5	other	other	ADJ
easat-5348	275	6	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-5348	275	7	mediators	mediator	NOUN
easat-5348	275	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	275	9	such	such	ADJ
easat-5348	275	10	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	275	11	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-5348	275	12	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	275	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	275	14	affective	affective	ADJ
easat-5348	275	15	states	state	NOUN
easat-5348	275	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	275	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	275	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	275	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	275	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	276	1	5.2.2	5.2.2	X
easat-5348	276	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	276	3	moderating	moderating	NOUN
easat-5348	276	4	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	276	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	276	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	276	7	did	do	AUX
easat-5348	276	8	not	not	PART
easat-5348	276	9	account	account	VERB
easat-5348	276	10	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	276	11	moderating	moderate	VERB
easat-5348	276	12	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	276	13	like	like	ADP
easat-5348	276	14	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	276	15	personality	personality	NOUN
easat-5348	276	16	traits	trait	NOUN
easat-5348	276	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	276	18	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	276	19	backgrounds	background	NOUN
easat-5348	276	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	276	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5348	276	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	276	23	duration	duration	NOUN
easat-5348	276	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	277	1	these	these	DET
easat-5348	277	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	277	3	could	could	AUX
easat-5348	277	4	influence	influence	VERB
easat-5348	277	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	277	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	277	7	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	277	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	277	9	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-5348	277	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	277	11	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	277	12	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	277	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	278	1	5.2.3	5.2.3	NUM
easat-5348	278	2	.	.	X
easat-5348	278	3	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-5348	278	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	278	5	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5348	278	6	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	278	7	limited	limit	VERB
easat-5348	278	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	278	9	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	278	10	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-5348	278	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	278	12	wuxi	wuxi	PROPN
easat-5348	278	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	279	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	279	2	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	279	3	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	279	4	replicate	replicate	VERB
easat-5348	279	5	the	the	DET
easat-5348	279	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	279	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	279	8	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5348	279	9	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	279	10	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-5348	279	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	279	12	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	279	13	backgrounds	background	NOUN
easat-5348	279	14	to	to	PART
easat-5348	279	15	test	test	VERB
easat-5348	279	16	the	the	DET
easat-5348	279	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-5348	279	18	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	279	19	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-5348	279	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	280	1	5.2.4	5.2.4	NUM
easat-5348	280	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	281	1	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
easat-5348	281	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	281	3	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-5348	281	4	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	281	5	sectional	sectional	ADJ
easat-5348	281	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	281	7	was	be	AUX
easat-5348	281	8	used	use	VERB
easat-5348	281	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	281	10	this	this	DET
easat-5348	281	11	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	281	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	282	1	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
easat-5348	282	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	282	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	282	4	needed	need	VERB
easat-5348	282	5	to	to	PART
easat-5348	282	6	understand	understand	VERB
easat-5348	282	7	how	how	SCONJ
easat-5348	282	8	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	282	9	between	between	ADP
easat-5348	282	10	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	282	11	evolve	evolve	VERB
easat-5348	282	12	over	over	ADP
easat-5348	282	13	time	time	NOUN
easat-5348	282	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	282	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	282	16	long	long	ADJ
easat-5348	282	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	282	18	term	term	NOUN
easat-5348	282	19	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	282	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	282	21	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	282	22	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	282	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	283	1	829	829	NUM
easat-5348	283	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	283	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	283	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	283	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	283	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	283	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	283	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	283	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	283	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	283	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	283	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	283	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	284	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	284	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	284	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	285	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	285	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	285	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	285	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	285	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	285	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	285	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	285	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	285	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	285	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	285	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	285	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	285	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	285	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	285	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	285	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	285	17	licensee	licensee	NOUN
easat-5348	285	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	285	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	285	20	5.2.5	5.2.5	NUM
easat-5348	285	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	286	1	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-5348	286	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	286	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	286	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	286	5	focused	focus	VERB
easat-5348	286	6	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	286	7	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-5348	286	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	286	9	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	286	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	287	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	287	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	287	3	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	287	4	consider	consider	VERB
easat-5348	287	5	a	a	DET
easat-5348	287	6	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-5348	287	7	range	range	NOUN
easat-5348	287	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	287	9	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5348	287	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	287	11	including	include	VERB
easat-5348	287	12	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	287	13	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	287	14	first	first	ADJ
easat-5348	287	15	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	287	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	287	17	other	other	ADJ
easat-5348	287	18	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-5348	287	19	abilities	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	287	20	etc	etc	X
easat-5348	287	21	..	..	X
easat-5348	287	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	287	23	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-5348	287	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	287	25	these	these	DET
easat-5348	287	26	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-5348	287	27	provide	provide	VERB
easat-5348	287	28	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5348	287	29	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	287	30	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	287	31	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	287	32	to	to	PART
easat-5348	287	33	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	287	34	a	a	DET
easat-5348	287	35	more	more	ADV
easat-5348	287	36	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-5348	287	37	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-5348	287	38	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	287	39	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	287	40	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5348	287	41	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	287	42	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	287	43	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	287	44	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	287	45	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	287	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	288	1	6	6	X
easat-5348	288	2	.	.	X
easat-5348	288	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-5348	288	4	the	the	DET
easat-5348	288	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	288	6	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5348	288	7	a	a	DET
easat-5348	288	8	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-5348	288	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	288	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	288	11	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	288	12	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	288	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	288	14	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	288	15	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5348	288	16	with	with	ADP
easat-5348	288	17	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	288	18	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	288	19	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	288	20	chinese	chinese	PROPN
easat-5348	288	21	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	288	22	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	288	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	288	24	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-5348	288	25	the	the	DET
easat-5348	288	26	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	288	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	288	28	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	288	29	support	support	NOUN
easat-5348	288	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	288	31	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	288	32	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5348	288	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	288	34	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	288	35	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	288	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	288	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	288	38	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	288	39	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	288	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	289	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5348	289	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	289	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	289	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	289	5	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-5348	289	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	289	7	transformative	transformative	ADJ
easat-5348	289	8	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-5348	289	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	289	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	289	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	289	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5348	289	13	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	289	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	289	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	289	16	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	289	17	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	289	18	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-5348	289	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	289	20	amplifying	amplify	VERB
easat-5348	289	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	289	22	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	289	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	289	24	other	other	ADJ
easat-5348	289	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	289	26	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5348	289	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	290	1	the	the	DET
easat-5348	290	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	290	3	advocate	advocate	VERB
easat-5348	290	4	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	290	5	an	an	DET
easat-5348	290	6	integrated	integrated	ADJ
easat-5348	290	7	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-5348	290	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	290	9	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	290	10	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-5348	290	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	290	12	combining	combine	VERB
easat-5348	290	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-5348	290	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	290	15	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-5348	290	16	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	290	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	291	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	291	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-5348	291	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	291	4	this	this	DET
easat-5348	291	5	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	291	6	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-5348	291	7	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	291	8	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-5348	291	9	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	291	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	291	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5348	291	12	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	291	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	291	14	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5348	291	15	age	age	NOUN
easat-5348	291	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	291	17	has	have	VERB
easat-5348	291	18	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5348	291	19	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	291	20	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	291	21	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-5348	291	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	291	23	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	291	24	training	training	NOUN
easat-5348	291	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	291	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	291	27	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-5348	291	28	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	291	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	292	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-5348	292	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	292	3	should	should	AUX
easat-5348	292	4	explore	explore	VERB
easat-5348	292	5	long	long	ADJ
easat-5348	292	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	292	7	term	term	NOUN
easat-5348	292	8	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	292	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	292	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	292	11	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-5348	292	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	292	13	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-5348	292	14	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	292	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	292	16	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	292	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	292	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	292	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	293	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-5348	293	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	293	3	the	the	DET
easat-5348	293	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	293	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-5348	293	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	293	7	the	the	DET
easat-5348	293	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-5348	293	9	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	293	10	an	an	DET
easat-5348	293	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-5348	293	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	293	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-5348	293	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	293	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	293	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-5348	293	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-5348	293	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	293	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	293	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	293	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	293	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	293	23	no	no	DET
easat-5348	293	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-5348	293	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-5348	293	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	293	27	the	the	DET
easat-5348	293	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	293	29	have	have	AUX
easat-5348	293	30	been	be	AUX
easat-5348	293	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-5348	293	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	293	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	293	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5348	293	35	any	any	DET
easat-5348	293	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-5348	293	37	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	293	38	the	the	DET
easat-5348	293	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	293	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5348	293	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-5348	293	42	have	have	AUX
easat-5348	293	43	been	be	AUX
easat-5348	293	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-5348	293	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	294	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	294	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	294	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-5348	294	4	all	all	DET
easat-5348	294	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-5348	294	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	294	7	during	during	ADP
easat-5348	294	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-5348	294	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	295	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-5348	295	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	295	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	295	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	295	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	295	6	the	the	DET
easat-5348	295	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	295	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	296	1	this	this	DET
easat-5348	296	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-5348	296	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	296	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-5348	296	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-5348	296	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5348	296	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-5348	296	8	under	under	ADP
easat-5348	296	9	the	the	DET
easat-5348	296	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-5348	296	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	296	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5348	296	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	296	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	296	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-5348	296	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-5348	296	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-5348	296	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	296	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-5348	296	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	296	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	296	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-5348	296	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	296	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-5348	296	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	296	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	297	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-5348	297	2	[	[	X
easat-5348	297	3	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	297	4	]	]	X
easat-5348	297	5	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	297	6	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5348	297	7	ilyosovna	ilyosovna	PROPN
easat-5348	297	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	297	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	297	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	297	11	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-5348	297	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	297	13	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	297	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	297	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	297	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	297	17	international	international	ADJ
easat-5348	297	18	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	297	19	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	297	20	orange	orange	PROPN
easat-5348	297	21	technologies	technologies	PROPN
easat-5348	297	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	297	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	297	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	298	1	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	298	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	298	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	298	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	298	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	298	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	298	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	298	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	299	1	22–24	22–24	NUM
easat-5348	299	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	299	3	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	299	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	300	2	2	2	X
easat-5348	300	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	300	5	jia	jia	PROPN
easat-5348	300	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	7	lin	lin	PROPN
easat-5348	300	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	10	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	300	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	300	12	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	300	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	300	14	china	china	PROPN
easat-5348	300	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	16	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-5348	300	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	18	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-5348	300	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	300	20	reflections	reflection	NOUN
easat-5348	300	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	23	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	300	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	300	25	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-5348	300	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	300	27	art	art	NOUN
easat-5348	300	28	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	300	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	300	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	300	32	7	7	NUM
easat-5348	300	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	300	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	300	36	7	7	NUM
easat-5348	300	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	300	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	300	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	301	1	935	935	NUM
easat-5348	301	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	301	3	938	938	NUM
easat-5348	301	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	301	5	2017	2017	NUM
easat-5348	301	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	302	2	3	3	X
easat-5348	302	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	5	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	6	grissom	grissom	PROPN
easat-5348	302	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	8	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	9	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	10	egalite	egalite	PROPN
easat-5348	302	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	302	13	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	14	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	15	lindsay	lindsay	PROPN
easat-5348	302	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	18	what	what	PRON
easat-5348	302	19	great	great	ADJ
easat-5348	302	20	principals	principal	NOUN
easat-5348	302	21	really	really	ADV
easat-5348	302	22	do	do	VERB
easat-5348	302	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	25	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	302	26	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-5348	302	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	302	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	302	30	78	78	NUM
easat-5348	302	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	32	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	302	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	302	34	7	7	NUM
easat-5348	302	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	302	36	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	302	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	303	1	21	21	NUM
easat-5348	303	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	303	3	25	25	NUM
easat-5348	303	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	303	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	303	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	304	2	4	4	X
easat-5348	304	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	304	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	304	5	muliyah	muliyah	PROPN
easat-5348	304	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	304	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5348	304	8	aminatun	aminatun	PROPN
easat-5348	304	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	11	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-5348	304	12	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	304	13	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	304	14	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-5348	304	15	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-5348	304	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	304	17	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	304	18	high	high	ADJ
easat-5348	304	19	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	304	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	21	teachers	teachers	PROPN
easat-5348	304	22	'	'	PART
easat-5348	304	23	beliefs	belief	NOUN
easat-5348	304	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	304	25	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	304	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	28	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	304	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	304	30	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	304	31	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	304	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	304	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	304	35	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	304	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	37	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	304	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	304	39	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	304	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	304	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	43	122	122	NUM
easat-5348	304	44	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	304	45	133	133	NUM
easat-5348	304	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	304	47	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	304	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	305	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	305	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	305	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5348	305	5	susanteri	susanteri	PROPN
easat-5348	305	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	7	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	305	8	hidayah	hidayah	PROPN
easat-5348	305	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	305	11	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	305	12	edy	edy	PROPN
easat-5348	305	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	15	the	the	DET
easat-5348	305	16	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-5348	305	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	305	18	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	305	19	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	305	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	305	21	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	305	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	305	23	proces	proce	NOUN
easat-5348	305	24	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5348	305	25	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	305	26	at	at	ADP
easat-5348	305	27	sman	sman	PROPN
easat-5348	305	28	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	305	29	kepahiang	kepahiang	PROPN
easat-5348	305	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	32	doctoral	doctoral	ADJ
easat-5348	305	33	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
easat-5348	305	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	35	iain	iain	PROPN
easat-5348	305	36	curup	curup	NOUN
easat-5348	305	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	305	38	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	305	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	306	2	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	306	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	306	4	n.	n.	NOUN
easat-5348	306	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5348	306	6	purnama	purnama	PROPN
easat-5348	306	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	8	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	306	9	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	306	10	rahayu	rahayu	PROPN
easat-5348	306	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	306	13	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5348	306	14	yugafiati	yugafiati	PROPN
easat-5348	306	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	17	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	306	18	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	19	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	306	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	306	21	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	306	22	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	306	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	25	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-5348	306	26	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	306	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	306	28	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	306	29	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	306	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	306	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	306	33	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	306	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	35	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	306	36	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	306	37	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	306	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	39	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	306	40	539	539	NUM
easat-5348	306	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	306	42	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5348	306	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	307	2	7	7	X
easat-5348	307	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	307	4	u.	u.	NOUN
easat-5348	307	5	athoillah	athoillah	PROPN
easat-5348	307	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	307	9	use	use	NOUN
easat-5348	307	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	307	11	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	307	12	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	307	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	307	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	307	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	16	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	307	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	307	19	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-5348	307	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	307	21	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	22	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	307	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	307	24	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	307	25	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	307	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	28	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
easat-5348	307	29	guru	guru	NOUN
easat-5348	307	30	dikmen	dikmen	PROPN
easat-5348	307	31	dan	dan	PROPN
easat-5348	307	32	diksus	diksus	PROPN
easat-5348	307	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	307	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	307	36	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	307	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	38	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	307	39	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	307	40	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	307	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	307	42	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	307	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	308	1	131–144	131–144	NUM
easat-5348	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	308	3	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	308	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	308	5	https://doi.org/10.47239/jgdd.v5i1.351	https://doi.org/10.47239/jgdd.v5i1.351	NOUN
easat-5348	309	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	309	2	8	8	NUM
easat-5348	309	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	309	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5348	309	5	hamada	hamada	PROPN
easat-5348	309	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	309	7	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5348	309	8	suzuki	suzuki	PROPN
easat-5348	309	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	11	situating	situate	VERB
easat-5348	309	12	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	309	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	309	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	309	15	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5348	309	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	309	17	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
easat-5348	309	18	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	309	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	20	a	a	DET
easat-5348	309	21	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-5348	309	22	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	309	23	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	309	24	16	16	NUM
easat-5348	309	25	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	309	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	28	relc	relc	PROPN
easat-5348	309	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	309	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	309	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	309	33	55	55	NUM
easat-5348	309	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	35	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	309	36	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	309	37	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	309	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	309	39	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	309	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	310	1	219	219	NUM
easat-5348	310	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	310	3	227	227	NUM
easat-5348	310	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	310	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5348	310	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	311	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221087508	https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221087508	PRON
easat-5348	312	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	312	2	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	312	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5348	312	5	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5348	312	6	yang	yang	PROPN
easat-5348	312	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	9	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	312	10	taiwanese	taiwanese	ADJ
easat-5348	312	11	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	312	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	312	13	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	14	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	312	15	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	312	16	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	312	17	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	312	18	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	312	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	20	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	312	21	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	312	22	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	312	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	25	master	master	NOUN
easat-5348	312	26	's	's	PART
easat-5348	312	27	thesis	thesis	NOUN
easat-5348	312	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	29	national	national	PROPN
easat-5348	312	30	taiwan	taiwan	PROPN
easat-5348	312	31	normal	normal	ADJ
easat-5348	312	32	university	university	PROPN
easat-5348	312	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	34	taiwan	taiwan	PROPN
easat-5348	312	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	312	37	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5348	312	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	313	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	313	2	10	10	NUM
easat-5348	313	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	313	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	313	5	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5348	313	6	krashen	krashen	PROPN
easat-5348	313	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	313	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	313	9	krashen	krashen	PROPN
easat-5348	313	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	313	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	313	12	explorations	exploration	NOUN
easat-5348	313	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	313	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	313	15	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	313	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	313	17	use	use	NOUN
easat-5348	313	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	313	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	314	1	portsmouth	portsmouth	PROPN
easat-5348	314	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	314	3	nh	nh	PROPN
easat-5348	314	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	314	5	heinemann	heinemann	PROPN
easat-5348	314	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	314	7	2003	2003	NUM
easat-5348	314	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	314	9	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	314	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	315	1	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	315	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	315	3	27	27	NUM
easat-5348	315	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	316	2	11	11	NUM
easat-5348	316	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5348	316	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	316	6	mason	mason	PROPN
easat-5348	316	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	9	pathogenesis	pathogenesis	NOUN
easat-5348	316	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	316	11	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
easat-5348	316	12	from	from	ADP
easat-5348	316	13	a	a	DET
easat-5348	316	14	cell	cell	NOUN
easat-5348	316	15	biology	biology	NOUN
easat-5348	316	16	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-5348	316	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	316	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	21	55	55	NUM
easat-5348	316	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	23	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-5348	316	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	25	european	european	ADJ
easat-5348	316	26	respiratory	respiratory	ADJ
easat-5348	316	27	society	society	NOUN
easat-5348	316	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	316	29	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	316	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	317	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	317	2	12	12	NUM
easat-5348	317	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	317	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	317	5	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5348	317	6	krashen	krashen	PROPN
easat-5348	317	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	317	8	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-5348	317	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	317	10	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	317	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	317	12	second	second	ADJ
easat-5348	317	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	317	14	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-5348	317	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	317	16	1st	1st	ADJ
easat-5348	317	17	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-5348	317	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	318	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
easat-5348	318	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	318	3	pergamon	pergamon	NOUN
easat-5348	318	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	318	5	1982	1982	NUM
easat-5348	318	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	319	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	319	2	13	13	NUM
easat-5348	319	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	319	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	319	5	krashen	krashen	PROPN
easat-5348	319	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	319	7	we	we	PRON
easat-5348	319	8	acquire	acquire	VERB
easat-5348	319	9	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-5348	319	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	319	11	spelling	spelling	NOUN
easat-5348	319	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	319	13	reading	read	VERB
easat-5348	319	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	320	1	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-5348	320	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	320	3	1989	1989	NUM
easat-5348	320	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	321	2	14	14	NUM
easat-5348	321	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	321	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	321	5	krashen	krashen	PROPN
easat-5348	321	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	8	we	we	PRON
easat-5348	321	9	acquire	acquire	VERB
easat-5348	321	10	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
easat-5348	321	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	321	12	spelling	spelling	NOUN
easat-5348	321	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	321	14	reading	read	VERB
easat-5348	321	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	16	additional	additional	ADJ
easat-5348	321	17	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-5348	321	18	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	321	19	the	the	DET
easat-5348	321	20	input	input	NOUN
easat-5348	321	21	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5348	321	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	24	the	the	DET
easat-5348	321	25	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-5348	321	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	321	27	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	321	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	321	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	321	31	73	73	NUM
easat-5348	321	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	321	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	321	35	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	321	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	321	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	321	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	322	1	440	440	NUM
easat-5348	322	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	322	3	464	464	NUM
easat-5348	322	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	322	5	1989	1989	NUM
easat-5348	322	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	323	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05325.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05325.x	PROPN
easat-5348	323	2	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-5348	323	3	https://doi.org/10.47239/jgdd.v5i1.351	https://doi.org/10.47239/jgdd.v5i1.351	NOUN
easat-5348	323	4	https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221087508	https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221087508	ADV
easat-5348	324	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05325.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb05325.x	PROPN
easat-5348	324	2	830	830	NUM
easat-5348	324	3	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	324	4	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	324	5	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	324	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	324	7	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	324	8	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	324	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	324	10	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	324	11	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	324	12	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	324	13	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	324	14	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	325	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	325	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	325	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	325	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	326	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	326	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	326	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	326	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	326	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	326	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	326	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	326	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	326	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	326	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	326	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	326	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	326	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	326	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	326	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	326	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	326	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	326	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	326	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	327	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	327	2	15	15	NUM
easat-5348	327	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	327	4	t.	t.	NOUN
easat-5348	327	5	talan	talan	NOUN
easat-5348	327	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	327	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	327	8	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-5348	327	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	327	10	the	the	DET
easat-5348	327	11	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	327	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	327	13	the	the	DET
easat-5348	327	14	use	use	NOUN
easat-5348	327	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	327	16	scratch	scratch	NOUN
easat-5348	327	17	software	software	NOUN
easat-5348	327	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	327	19	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	327	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	327	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	327	22	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	327	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	327	24	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	327	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	327	26	future	future	NOUN
easat-5348	327	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	327	28	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	327	29	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	327	30	18	18	NUM
easat-5348	327	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	327	32	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	327	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	328	1	95	95	NUM
easat-5348	328	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	328	3	111	111	NUM
easat-5348	328	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	328	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	328	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	329	2	16	16	NUM
easat-5348	329	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	4	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	329	5	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-5348	329	6	bernacki	bernacki	PROPN
easat-5348	329	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	8	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	329	9	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	329	10	greene	greene	PROPN
easat-5348	329	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	329	13	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5348	329	14	crompton	crompton	PROPN
easat-5348	329	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	17	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	329	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	329	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	329	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	329	23	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-5348	329	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	25	advances	advance	NOUN
easat-5348	329	26	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	329	27	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-5348	329	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	329	29	measuring	measure	VERB
easat-5348	329	30	the	the	DET
easat-5348	329	31	role	role	NOUN
easat-5348	329	32	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	329	33	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	329	34	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	329	35	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	329	36	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	329	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	39	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-5348	329	40	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	329	41	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-5348	329	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	329	44	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	329	45	60	60	NUM
easat-5348	329	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	47	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	329	48	101827	101827	NUM
easat-5348	329	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	329	50	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	329	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	330	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827	PROPN
easat-5348	331	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	331	2	17	17	NUM
easat-5348	331	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	331	4	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-5348	331	5	fan	fan	PROPN
easat-5348	331	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-5348	331	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-5348	331	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	331	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	331	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	331	11	stable	stable	ADJ
easat-5348	331	12	segment	segment	NOUN
easat-5348	331	13	anything	anything	PRON
easat-5348	331	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-5348	331	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	331	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	331	17	arxiv	arxiv	PROPN
easat-5348	331	18	preprint	preprint	NOUN
easat-5348	331	19	arxiv:2311.15776	arxiv:2311.15776	NOUN
easat-5348	331	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	331	21	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	331	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	332	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	332	2	18	18	NUM
easat-5348	332	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	332	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-5348	332	5	vygotsky	vygotsky	PROPN
easat-5348	332	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	332	7	lev	lev	NOUN
easat-5348	332	8	vygotsky	vygotsky	NOUN
easat-5348	332	9	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-5348	332	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	332	11	the	the	DET
easat-5348	332	12	russian	russian	ADJ
easat-5348	332	13	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-5348	332	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	333	1	colombia	colombia	PROPN
easat-5348	333	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	333	3	ediciones	edicione	VERB
easat-5348	333	4	desde	desde	PROPN
easat-5348	333	5	abajo	abajo	PROPN
easat-5348	333	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	333	7	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5348	333	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	334	2	19	19	NUM
easat-5348	334	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5348	334	5	rahmatirad	rahmatirad	NOUN
easat-5348	334	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	8	a	a	DET
easat-5348	334	9	review	review	NOUN
easat-5348	334	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	334	11	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-5348	334	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	13	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-5348	334	14	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-5348	334	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	16	siasat	siasat	NOUN
easat-5348	334	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	334	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	334	20	5	5	NUM
easat-5348	334	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	22	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	334	23	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	334	24	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	334	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	334	26	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	334	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	335	1	23	23	NUM
easat-5348	335	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	335	3	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	335	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	335	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	335	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	336	2	20	20	NUM
easat-5348	336	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-5348	336	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	336	6	vygotsky	vygotsky	PROPN
easat-5348	336	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	9	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN
easat-5348	336	10	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	336	11	a	a	DET
easat-5348	336	12	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-5348	336	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	336	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	336	15	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-5348	336	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	336	17	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-5348	336	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	20	soviet	soviet	ADJ
easat-5348	336	21	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-5348	336	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	336	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	336	25	17	17	NUM
easat-5348	336	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	27	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	336	28	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	336	29	4	4	NUM
easat-5348	336	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	336	31	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	336	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	337	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	337	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	337	3	35	35	NUM
easat-5348	337	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	337	5	1979	1979	NUM
easat-5348	337	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	1	https://doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-040517043	https://doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-040517043	ADJ
easat-5348	338	2	[	[	X
easat-5348	338	3	21	21	NUM
easat-5348	338	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	5	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-5348	338	6	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5348	338	7	callahan	callahan	PROPN
easat-5348	338	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	10	why	why	SCONJ
easat-5348	338	11	are	be	AUX
easat-5348	338	12	epistemic	epistemic	ADJ
easat-5348	338	13	reasons	reason	NOUN
easat-5348	338	14	normative	normative	ADJ
easat-5348	338	15	?	?	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	18	episteme	episteme	PROPN
easat-5348	338	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	20	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	338	21	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	338	22	21	21	NUM
easat-5348	338	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	24	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	338	25	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	338	26	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	338	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	338	28	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	338	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	339	1	1048	1048	NUM
easat-5348	339	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	339	3	1063	1063	NUM
easat-5348	339	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	339	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5348	339	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	340	2	22	22	NUM
easat-5348	340	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	4	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-5348	340	5	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	340	6	nguyen	nguyen	PROPN
easat-5348	340	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	340	10	'	'	PART
easat-5348	340	11	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-5348	340	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5348	340	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	340	14	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-5348	340	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	16	based	base	VERB
easat-5348	340	17	elt	elt	NOUN
easat-5348	340	18	classes	class	NOUN
easat-5348	340	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	21	tesl	tesl	PROPN
easat-5348	340	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	23	ej	ej	PROPN
easat-5348	340	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	340	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	340	27	26	26	NUM
easat-5348	340	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	340	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	340	31	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	340	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	33	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	340	34	n1	n1	NOUN
easat-5348	340	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	340	36	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	340	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	341	1	https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.26101a1	https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.26101a1	NOUN
easat-5348	342	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	342	2	23	23	NUM
easat-5348	342	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5348	342	5	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	342	6	awadelkarim	awadelkarim	PROPN
easat-5348	342	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	9	an	an	DET
easat-5348	342	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	342	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	342	12	insight	insight	NOUN
easat-5348	342	13	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	342	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	342	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	342	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	342	17	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-5348	342	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	19	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	342	20	instructors'/teachers	instructors'/teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	342	21	'	'	PART
easat-5348	342	22	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	342	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	342	24	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
easat-5348	342	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	27	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	342	28	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	342	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	342	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	342	31	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-5348	342	32	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5348	342	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	342	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	342	36	17	17	NUM
easat-5348	342	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	38	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	342	39	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	342	40	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	342	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	42	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	342	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	44	828	828	NUM
easat-5348	342	45	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	342	46	841	841	NUM
easat-5348	342	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	48	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	342	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	342	50	https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.58	https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.58	PUNCT
easat-5348	343	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	343	2	24	24	NUM
easat-5348	343	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	343	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5348	343	5	xu	xu	PROPN
easat-5348	343	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	343	7	c.-c	c.-c	PROPN
easat-5348	343	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	1	chen	chen	PROPN
easat-5348	344	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	3	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5348	344	4	spence	spence	PROPN
easat-5348	344	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	6	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	344	7	washington	washington	PROPN
easat-5348	344	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	9	nortey	nortey	PROPN
easat-5348	344	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	11	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5348	344	12	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-5348	344	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	344	15	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5348	344	16	brown	brown	PROPN
easat-5348	344	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	19	supporting	support	VERB
easat-5348	344	20	young	young	ADJ
easat-5348	344	21	spanish	spanish	ADJ
easat-5348	344	22	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-5348	344	23	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	344	24	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	344	25	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	344	26	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	344	27	scaffolding	scaffolding	NOUN
easat-5348	344	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	344	29	reciprocal	reciprocal	ADJ
easat-5348	344	30	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-5348	344	31	tutoring	tutoring	NOUN
easat-5348	344	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	34	early	early	ADJ
easat-5348	344	35	child	child	NOUN
easat-5348	344	36	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	344	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	344	38	care	care	NOUN
easat-5348	344	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	344	41	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	344	42	192	192	NUM
easat-5348	344	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	44	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	344	45	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	344	46	8	8	NUM
easat-5348	344	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	344	48	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	344	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	345	1	1324	1324	NUM
easat-5348	345	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	345	3	1336	1336	NUM
easat-5348	345	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	345	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	345	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	346	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2021.1874944	https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2021.1874944	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	347	2	25	25	NUM
easat-5348	347	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	347	4	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	5	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	6	hardiana	hardiana	PROPN
easat-5348	347	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	8	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	9	aisyah	aisyah	PROPN
easat-5348	347	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	11	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	12	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	13	harahap	harahap	PROPN
easat-5348	347	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	347	16	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	17	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	18	dara	dara	PROPN
easat-5348	347	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	347	22	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	347	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	347	24	school	school	NOUN
easat-5348	347	25	facilities	facility	NOUN
easat-5348	347	26	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	347	27	students’learning	students’learne	VERB
easat-5348	347	28	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-5348	347	29	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	347	30	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	347	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	33	sinar	sinar	PROPN
easat-5348	347	34	dunia	dunia	PROPN
easat-5348	347	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	36	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
easat-5348	347	37	riset	riset	PROPN
easat-5348	347	38	sosial	sosial	PROPN
easat-5348	347	39	humaniora	humaniora	PROPN
easat-5348	347	40	dan	dan	PROPN
easat-5348	347	41	ilmu	ilmu	PROPN
easat-5348	347	42	pendidikan	pendidikan	PROPN
easat-5348	347	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	44	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	347	45	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	347	46	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	347	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	48	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	347	49	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	347	50	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	347	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	52	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	347	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	54	01	01	NUM
easat-5348	347	55	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	347	56	09	09	NUM
easat-5348	347	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	347	58	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	347	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	348	2	26	26	NUM
easat-5348	348	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5348	348	5	arshad	arshad	PROPN
easat-5348	348	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	7	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5348	348	8	afzal	afzal	PROPN
easat-5348	348	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	348	11	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	348	12	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	348	13	hussain	hussain	PROPN
easat-5348	348	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	16	sudden	sudden	ADJ
easat-5348	348	17	switch	switch	NOUN
easat-5348	348	18	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	348	19	post	post	VERB
easat-5348	348	20	-	-	ADJ
easat-5348	348	21	covid-19	covid-19	ADJ
easat-5348	348	22	online	online	ADJ
easat-5348	348	23	classes	class	NOUN
easat-5348	348	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	348	25	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
easat-5348	348	26	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-5348	348	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	348	28	esl	esl	PROPN
easat-5348	348	29	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	348	30	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	31	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5348	348	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5348	348	33	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	348	34	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-5348	348	35	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	348	36	fear	fear	NOUN
easat-5348	348	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	39	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	348	40	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	348	41	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	348	42	social	social	ADJ
easat-5348	348	43	sciences	sciences	PROPN
easat-5348	348	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	348	45	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5348	348	46	review	review	PROPN
easat-5348	348	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	348	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	348	50	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	348	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	52	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	348	53	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	348	54	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	348	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	348	56	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	348	57	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	349	1	188	188	NUM
easat-5348	349	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	349	3	199	199	NUM
easat-5348	349	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	349	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	349	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	350	2	27	27	NUM
easat-5348	350	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	350	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5348	350	5	li	li	PROPN
easat-5348	350	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-5348	350	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-5348	350	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	350	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	11	ntire	ntire	NOUN
easat-5348	350	12	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	350	13	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-5348	350	14	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	350	15	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-5348	350	16	super	super	NOUN
easat-5348	350	17	-	-	NOUN
easat-5348	350	18	resolution	resolution	NOUN
easat-5348	350	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	20	methods	method	NOUN
easat-5348	350	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	350	22	results	result	NOUN
easat-5348	350	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	25	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	350	26	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	350	27	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
easat-5348	350	28	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	350	29	the	the	DET
easat-5348	350	30	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-5348	350	31	/	/	SYM
easat-5348	350	32	cvf	cvf	NOUN
easat-5348	350	33	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-5348	350	34	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	350	35	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-5348	350	36	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-5348	350	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	350	38	pattern	pattern	NOUN
easat-5348	350	39	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-5348	350	40	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	41	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	350	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	43	1922	1922	NUM
easat-5348	350	44	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	350	45	1960	1960	NUM
easat-5348	350	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	350	48	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	350	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	351	2	28	28	NUM
easat-5348	351	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	351	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	351	5	niimoto	niimoto	PROPN
easat-5348	351	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	8	the	the	DET
easat-5348	351	9	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5348	351	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	351	11	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-5348	351	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	13	auditory	auditory	NOUN
easat-5348	351	14	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	351	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	351	16	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	351	17	comprehensibility	comprehensibility	NOUN
easat-5348	351	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	20	kobe	kobe	PROPN
easat-5348	351	21	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	351	22	language	language	PROPN
easat-5348	351	23	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-5348	351	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	351	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	351	27	38	38	NUM
easat-5348	351	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	351	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	351	31	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	351	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	351	33	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	351	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	352	1	38	38	NUM
easat-5348	352	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	352	3	51	51	NUM
easat-5348	352	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	352	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	352	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	353	2	29	29	NUM
easat-5348	353	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	4	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5348	353	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	353	6	utami	utami	PROPN
easat-5348	353	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	353	8	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5348	353	9	morganna	morganna	PROPN
easat-5348	353	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	12	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5348	353	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	353	14	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	15	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	353	16	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
easat-5348	353	17	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-5348	353	18	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	353	19	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	353	20	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	353	21	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	353	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	24	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	353	25	franca	franca	NOUN
easat-5348	353	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	27	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-5348	353	28	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	353	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	353	30	english	english	ADJ
easat-5348	353	31	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	353	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	353	33	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	353	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	353	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	353	37	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	353	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	39	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	353	40	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	353	41	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	353	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	353	43	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	353	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	354	1	127	127	NUM
easat-5348	354	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	354	3	150	150	NUM
easat-5348	354	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	354	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	354	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	354	7	https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i1.3915	https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i1.3915	NOUN
easat-5348	355	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	355	2	30	30	NUM
easat-5348	355	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	4	k.	k.	NOUN
easat-5348	355	5	sakaue	sakaue	PROPN
easat-5348	355	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	8	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	355	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	355	10	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-5348	355	11	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	355	12	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-5348	355	13	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	355	14	oral	oral	ADJ
easat-5348	355	15	fluency	fluency	NOUN
easat-5348	355	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	355	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	19	master	master	NOUN
easat-5348	355	20	's	's	PART
easat-5348	355	21	thesis	thesis	NOUN
easat-5348	355	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	23	purdue	purdue	ADJ
easat-5348	355	24	university	university	NOUN
easat-5348	355	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	355	26	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	355	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	356	2	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	356	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	356	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5348	356	5	hamada	hamada	PROPN
easat-5348	356	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	356	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	356	8	suzuki	suzuki	PROPN
easat-5348	356	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	11	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	356	12	to	to	ADP
easat-5348	356	13	global	global	ADJ
easat-5348	356	14	englishes	english	NOUN
easat-5348	356	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	16	script‐assisted	script‐assisted	ADJ
easat-5348	356	17	shadowing	shadowing	NOUN
easat-5348	356	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	20	international	international	ADJ
easat-5348	356	21	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	356	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	356	23	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	356	24	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
easat-5348	356	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	356	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	356	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	357	1	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	357	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	357	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	357	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	357	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	357	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	357	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	357	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	358	1	31	31	NUM
easat-5348	358	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	358	3	47	47	NUM
easat-5348	358	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	358	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	358	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	359	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12318	https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12318	NOUN
easat-5348	360	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	360	2	32	32	NUM
easat-5348	360	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5348	360	5	li	li	PROPN
easat-5348	360	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	8	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	360	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	360	10	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	360	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	12	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	360	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	360	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	360	15	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	360	16	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	360	17	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	360	18	'	'	PART
easat-5348	360	19	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	360	20	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	360	21	development	development	NOUN
easat-5348	360	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	24	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	360	25	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	360	26	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5348	360	27	society	society	NOUN
easat-5348	360	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	360	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	360	31	26	26	NUM
easat-5348	360	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	360	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	360	35	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	360	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	360	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	39	36	36	NUM
easat-5348	360	40	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	360	41	49	49	NUM
easat-5348	360	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	360	43	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	360	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	361	2	33	33	NUM
easat-5348	361	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	361	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	361	6	caro	caro	PROPN
easat-5348	361	7	lora	lora	PROPN
easat-5348	361	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	361	9	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-5348	361	10	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	361	11	peinado	peinado	PROPN
easat-5348	361	12	agresott	agresott	PROPN
easat-5348	361	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	15	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	361	16	mobile	mobile	NOUN
easat-5348	361	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	18	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	361	19	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	361	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	361	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	22	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	361	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	24	to	to	PART
easat-5348	361	25	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5348	361	26	10th	10th	ADJ
easat-5348	361	27	graders	grader	NOUN
easat-5348	361	28	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	29	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	361	30	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	361	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	32	an	an	DET
easat-5348	361	33	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
easat-5348	361	34	case	case	NOUN
easat-5348	361	35	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	361	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	37	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	361	38	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5348	361	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	362	2	34	34	NUM
easat-5348	362	3	]	]	X
easat-5348	362	4	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5348	362	5	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-5348	362	6	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	362	7	cholis	cholis	PROPN
easat-5348	362	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	9	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-5348	362	10	fauzıatı	fauzıatı	PROPN
easat-5348	362	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	362	13	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5348	362	14	suprıyadı	suprıyadı	PROPN
easat-5348	362	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	17	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	362	18	'	'	PART
easat-5348	362	19	roles	role	NOUN
easat-5348	362	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	362	21	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	362	22	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	362	23	through	through	ADP
easat-5348	362	24	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	362	25	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	362	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	362	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	362	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	29	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	362	30	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	31	a	a	DET
easat-5348	362	32	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	362	33	'	'	PART
easat-5348	362	34	beliefs	belief	NOUN
easat-5348	362	35	view	view	VERB
easat-5348	362	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	37	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	38	international	international	ADJ
easat-5348	362	39	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5348	362	40	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	362	41	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5348	362	42	research	research	NOUN
easat-5348	362	43	review	review	NOUN
easat-5348	362	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	362	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	362	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	363	1	6	6	NUM
easat-5348	363	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	363	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	363	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	363	5	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	363	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	363	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	363	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	364	1	169175	169175	NUM
easat-5348	364	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	364	3	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	364	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	1	https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.869600	https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.869600	X
easat-5348	365	2	[	[	X
easat-5348	365	3	35	35	NUM
easat-5348	365	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5348	365	6	nushi	nushi	PROPN
easat-5348	365	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	365	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5348	365	9	orouji	orouji	PROPN
easat-5348	365	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	12	investigating	investigate	VERB
easat-5348	365	13	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-5348	365	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-5348	365	15	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	16	views	view	NOUN
easat-5348	365	17	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	365	18	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	365	19	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-5348	365	20	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	365	21	their	their	PRON
easat-5348	365	22	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-5348	365	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	24	the	the	DET
easat-5348	365	25	case	case	NOUN
easat-5348	365	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	365	27	iranian	iranian	ADJ
easat-5348	365	28	context	context	NOUN
easat-5348	365	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	31	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-5348	365	32	open	open	ADJ
easat-5348	365	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	365	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	365	36	10	10	NUM
easat-5348	365	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	38	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	365	39	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	365	40	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	365	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	42	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	365	43	2158244020917393	2158244020917393	NUM
easat-5348	365	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	365	45	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	365	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	366	2	36	36	NUM
easat-5348	366	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-5348	366	5	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-5348	366	6	tran	tran	PROPN
easat-5348	366	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	366	8	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-5348	366	9	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	366	10	duong	duong	PROPN
easat-5348	366	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	13	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5348	366	14	into	into	ADP
easat-5348	366	15	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	366	16	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-5348	366	17	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-5348	366	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	19	a	a	DET
easat-5348	366	20	case	case	NOUN
easat-5348	366	21	study	study	NOUN
easat-5348	366	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	366	23	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
easat-5348	366	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	26	pasaa	pasaa	NOUN
easat-5348	366	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	366	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	366	30	59	59	NUM
easat-5348	366	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	32	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	366	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	366	34	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	366	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	366	36	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	366	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	367	1	77	77	NUM
easat-5348	367	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	367	3	100	100	NUM
easat-5348	367	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	367	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5348	367	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	368	2	37	37	NUM
easat-5348	368	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5348	368	5	alzamil	alzamil	PROPN
easat-5348	368	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	8	listening	listening	NOUN
easat-5348	368	9	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	368	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	11	important	important	ADJ
easat-5348	368	12	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5348	368	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-5348	368	14	to	to	PART
easat-5348	368	15	learn	learn	VERB
easat-5348	368	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	18	arab	arab	ADJ
easat-5348	368	19	world	world	PROPN
easat-5348	368	20	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	368	21	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-5348	368	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	368	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	368	25	12	12	NUM
easat-5348	368	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	27	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	368	28	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	368	29	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	368	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	368	31	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	368	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	369	1	366–374	366–374	NUM
easat-5348	369	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	369	3	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	369	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	1	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no3.25	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no3.25	X
easat-5348	370	2	[	[	X
easat-5348	370	3	38	38	NUM
easat-5348	370	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	5	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5348	370	6	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	370	7	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-5348	370	8	junipisa	junipisa	PROPN
easat-5348	370	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	370	10	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-5348	370	11	aristana	aristana	PROPN
easat-5348	370	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	14	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	370	15	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-5348	370	16	to	to	PART
easat-5348	370	17	improve	improve	VERB
easat-5348	370	18	student	student	NOUN
easat-5348	370	19	’s	’s	PART
easat-5348	370	20	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	370	21	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	370	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	24	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
easat-5348	370	25	pendidikan	pendidikan	PROPN
easat-5348	370	26	bahasa	bahasa	PROPN
easat-5348	370	27	inggris	inggris	PROPN
easat-5348	370	28	undiksha	undiksha	PROPN
easat-5348	370	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	370	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	370	32	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	370	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	370	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	370	36	2	2	NUM
easat-5348	370	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	370	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	370	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	371	1	134	134	NUM
easat-5348	371	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	371	3	139	139	NUM
easat-5348	371	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	371	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	371	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	372	1	https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i2.32516	https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i2.32516	PROPN
easat-5348	373	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	373	2	39	39	NUM
easat-5348	373	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	373	4	y.	y.	NOUN
easat-5348	373	5	you	you	PRON
easat-5348	373	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	373	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	373	8	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-5348	373	9	the	the	DET
easat-5348	373	10	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5348	373	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	373	12	shadowing	shadow	VERB
easat-5348	373	13	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	373	14	chinese	chinese	ADJ
easat-5348	373	15	college	college	NOUN
easat-5348	373	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	373	17	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	373	18	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	373	19	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	373	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	373	21	speaking	speaking	NOUN
easat-5348	373	22	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5348	373	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	374	2	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-5348	374	3	zhan	zhan	PROPN
easat-5348	374	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	5	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5348	374	6	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-5348	374	7	chew	chew	PROPN
easat-5348	374	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	9	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5348	374	10	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	374	11	t.	t.	PROPN
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easat-5348	374	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	374	16	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
easat-5348	374	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	374	18	the	the	DET
easat-5348	374	19	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	374	20	international	international	ADJ
easat-5348	374	21	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-5348	374	22	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	374	23	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	374	24	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	374	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	374	26	art	art	NOUN
easat-5348	374	27	appreciation	appreciation	NOUN
easat-5348	374	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	29	seaa	seaa	NOUN
easat-5348	374	30	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5348	374	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	33	pp	pp	ADV
easat-5348	374	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	35	1174–1181	1174–1181	NUM
easat-5348	374	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	374	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	375	1	atlantis	atlantis	PROPN
easat-5348	375	2	press	press	PROPN
easat-5348	375	3	sarl	sarl	PROPN
easat-5348	375	4	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	376	1	https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-05-3_141	https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-05-3_141	NUM
easat-5348	376	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	376	3	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	376	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	377	2	40	40	NUM
easat-5348	377	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-5348	377	5	u.	u.	PROPN
easat-5348	377	6	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5348	377	7	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-5348	377	8	azli	azli	PROPN
easat-5348	377	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	10	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	377	11	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5348	377	12	shah	shah	PROPN
easat-5348	377	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	377	15	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	377	16	mohamad	mohamad	PROPN
easat-5348	377	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	19	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-5348	377	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	377	21	the	the	DET
easat-5348	377	22	usage	usage	NOUN
easat-5348	377	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5348	377	24	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	377	25	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	377	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	377	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	377	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	29	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	377	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	31	in	in	ADP
easat-5348	377	32	english	english	PROPN
easat-5348	377	33	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	377	34	a	a	DET
easat-5348	377	35	second	second	ADJ
easat-5348	377	36	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	377	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	38	esl	esl	NOUN
easat-5348	377	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	40	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5348	377	41	among	among	ADP
easat-5348	377	42	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-5348	377	43	college	college	NOUN
easat-5348	377	44	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	377	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	46	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	47	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-5348	377	48	education	education	NOUN
easat-5348	377	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	50	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	377	51	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	377	52	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	377	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	54	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	377	55	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	377	56	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	377	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	377	58	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	377	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	378	1	84	84	NUM
easat-5348	378	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	378	3	98	98	NUM
easat-5348	378	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	378	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5348	378	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	379	2	41	41	NUM
easat-5348	379	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5348	379	5	sepyanda	sepyanda	PROPN
easat-5348	379	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5348	379	8	deswarni	deswarni	PROPN
easat-5348	379	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	379	11	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5348	379	12	ardi	ardi	PROPN
easat-5348	379	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	15	mobile	mobile	ADJ
easat-5348	379	16	assisted	assist	VERB
easat-5348	379	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-5348	379	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	379	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	20	mall	mall	NOUN
easat-5348	379	21	):	):	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	22	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-5348	379	23	the	the	DET
easat-5348	379	24	students	student	NOUN
easat-5348	379	25	’	'	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	26	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-5348	379	27	on	on	ADP
easat-5348	379	28	listening	listen	VERB
easat-5348	379	29	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5348	379	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	32	lectura	lectura	ADJ
easat-5348	379	33	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	34	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
easat-5348	379	35	pendidikan	pendidikan	PROPN
easat-5348	379	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	379	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	379	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	380	1	14	14	NUM
easat-5348	380	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	380	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	380	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	380	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5348	380	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	380	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	380	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	381	1	60	60	NUM
easat-5348	381	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	381	3	71	71	NUM
easat-5348	381	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	381	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5348	381	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	381	7	https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v14i1.11943	https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v14i1.11943	X
easat-5348	382	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827	PROPN
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easat-5348	382	3	https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.26101a1	https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.26101a1	NOUN
easat-5348	382	4	https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.58	https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.58	PROPN
easat-5348	382	5	https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2021.1874944	https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2021.1874944	X
easat-5348	382	6	https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i1.3915	https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i1.3915	VERB
easat-5348	382	7	https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12318	https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12318	NOUN
easat-5348	382	8	https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.869600	https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.869600	X
easat-5348	382	9	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no3.25	https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no3.25	PRON
easat-5348	382	10	https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i2.32516	https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i2.32516	PRON
easat-5348	382	11	https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-05-3_141	https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-05-3_141	ADJ
easat-5348	382	12	https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v14i1.11943	https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v14i1.11943	NOUN
easat-5348	382	13	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	382	14	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5348	382	15	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5348	382	16	science	science	NOUN
easat-5348	382	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	382	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5348	382	19	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5348	382	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	382	21	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5348	382	22	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	382	23	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5348	382	24	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	382	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	383	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5348	383	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	383	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5348	383	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5348	384	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5348	384	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	384	3	817	817	NUM
easat-5348	384	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	384	5	831	831	NUM
easat-5348	384	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	384	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	384	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5348	384	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5348	384	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5348	NUM
easat-5348	384	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5348	384	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5348	384	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5348	384	14	the	the	DET
easat-5348	384	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5348	384	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5348	384	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5348	384	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5348	384	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5348	385	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	385	2	42	42	NUM
easat-5348	385	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5348	385	5	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5348	385	6	yamin	yamin	PROPN
easat-5348	385	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	8	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-5348	385	9	katt	katt	PROPN
easat-5348	385	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	385	12	m.	m.	NOUN
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easat-5348	385	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	15	"	"	PUNCT
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easat-5348	385	17	games	game	NOUN
easat-5348	385	18	as	as	ADP
easat-5348	385	19	a	a	DET
easat-5348	385	20	tool	tool	NOUN
easat-5348	385	21	to	to	PART
easat-5348	385	22	model	model	VERB
easat-5348	385	23	attack	attack	NOUN
easat-5348	385	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	385	25	defense	defense	NOUN
easat-5348	385	26	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-5348	385	27	for	for	ADP
easat-5348	385	28	cyber	cyber	NOUN
easat-5348	385	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	30	security	security	NOUN
easat-5348	385	31	exercises	exercise	NOUN
easat-5348	385	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	34	computers	computer	NOUN
easat-5348	385	35	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5348	385	36	security	security	NOUN
easat-5348	385	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	385	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	385	40	110	110	NUM
easat-5348	385	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	42	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5348	385	43	102450	102450	NUM
easat-5348	385	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	385	45	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5348	385	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	1	[	[	X
easat-5348	386	2	43	43	NUM
easat-5348	386	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	4	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-5348	386	5	morgan	morgan	PROPN
easat-5348	386	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	8	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5348	386	9	size	size	NOUN
easat-5348	386	10	determination	determination	NOUN
easat-5348	386	11	using	use	VERB
easat-5348	386	12	krejcie	krejcie	NOUN
easat-5348	386	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5348	386	14	morgan	morgan	PROPN
easat-5348	386	15	table	table	NOUN
easat-5348	386	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	18	kenya	kenya	PROPN
easat-5348	386	19	projects	project	NOUN
easat-5348	386	20	organization	organization	NOUN
easat-5348	386	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	22	kenpro	kenpro	PROPN
easat-5348	386	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5348	386	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5348	386	27	38	38	NUM
easat-5348	386	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	386	29	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5348	386	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5348	387	1	607	607	NUM
easat-5348	387	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5348	387	3	610	610	NUM
easat-5348	387	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5348	387	5	1970	1970	NUM
easat-5348	387	6	.	.	PUNCT