id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-5557	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	2	5	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	2	7	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	2	9	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-5557	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5557	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-5557	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	2	17	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	3	5	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5557	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	3	10	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	3	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	3	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	3	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	3	14	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	3	15	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	16	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	3	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5557	3	18	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	3	19	history	history	NOUN
easat-5557	3	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	21	received	receive	VERB
easat-5557	3	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	23	13	13	NUM
easat-5557	3	24	january	january	NOUN
easat-5557	3	25	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	3	26	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	27	revised	revise	VERB
easat-5557	3	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	29	14	14	NUM
easat-5557	3	30	march	march	NOUN
easat-5557	3	31	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	3	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	33	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-5557	3	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	35	17	17	NUM
easat-5557	3	36	march	march	NOUN
easat-5557	3	37	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	3	38	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	39	published	publish	VERB
easat-5557	3	40	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	41	18	18	NUM
easat-5557	3	42	march	march	NOUN
easat-5557	3	43	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	3	44	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	45	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-5557	3	46	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	3	47	skosal@cam-ed.com	skosal@cam-ed.com	NOUN
easat-5557	3	48	does	do	AUX
easat-5557	3	49	the	the	DET
easat-5557	3	50	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	3	51	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	3	52	have	have	VERB
easat-5557	3	53	a	a	DET
easat-5557	3	54	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	3	55	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	3	56	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	3	57	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	3	58	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	3	59	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	3	60	asean	asean	PROPN
easat-5557	3	61	?	?	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	1	kosal	kosal	PROPN
easat-5557	4	2	song1	song1	PROPN
easat-5557	4	3	*	*	PROPN
easat-5557	4	4	1camed	1camed	NUM
easat-5557	4	5	business	business	NOUN
easat-5557	4	6	school	school	NOUN
easat-5557	4	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	8	phnom	phnom	PROPN
easat-5557	4	9	penh	penh	PROPN
easat-5557	4	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	11	cambodia	cambodia	PROPN
easat-5557	4	12	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	13	skosal@cam-ed.com	skosal@cam-ed.com	X
easat-5557	4	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	15	k.s	k.s	PROPN
easat-5557	4	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	4	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	1	abstract	abstract	ADV
easat-5557	5	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	5	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	5	5	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
easat-5557	5	6	four	four	NUM
easat-5557	5	7	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	5	10	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	5	11	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	13	gross	gross	ADJ
easat-5557	5	14	domestic	domestic	ADJ
easat-5557	5	15	product	product	NOUN
easat-5557	5	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	17	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	5	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	20	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	5	21	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5557	5	22	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	5	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	24	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	5	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	5	28	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	5	29	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	5	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	31	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	5	32	were	be	AUX
easat-5557	5	33	examined	examine	VERB
easat-5557	5	34	through	through	ADP
easat-5557	5	35	three	three	NUM
easat-5557	5	36	static	static	ADJ
easat-5557	5	37	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	5	38	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	5	39	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	5	40	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	41	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	5	42	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
easat-5557	5	43	least	least	ADJ
easat-5557	5	44	squares	square	NOUN
easat-5557	5	45	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	46	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	5	47	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	49	random	random	ADJ
easat-5557	5	50	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	5	51	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	52	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	5	53	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	55	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	5	56	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-5557	5	57	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	5	58	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	59	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	5	60	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	5	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	6	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	6	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5557	6	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-5557	6	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	6	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	6	6	an	an	DET
easat-5557	6	7	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-5557	6	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	6	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	6	10	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	6	11	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	6	12	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	6	13	positively	positively	ADV
easat-5557	6	14	associated	associate	VERB
easat-5557	6	15	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	6	16	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5557	6	17	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	6	18	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	6	19	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	6	20	asean	asean	ADJ
easat-5557	6	21	member	member	NOUN
easat-5557	6	22	states	state	NOUN
easat-5557	6	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	6	24	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	6	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	6	26	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-5557	6	27	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	6	28	being	be	AUX
easat-5557	6	29	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5557	6	30	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	6	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	6	32	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	6	33	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	6	34	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	6	35	the	the	DET
easat-5557	6	36	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	6	37	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	6	38	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	6	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	7	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-5557	7	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	7	3	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	7	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	7	5	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	7	6	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	7	7	showed	show	VERB
easat-5557	7	8	a	a	DET
easat-5557	7	9	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	7	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	7	11	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	7	12	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	7	13	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	7	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	7	15	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	7	16	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	7	17	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	7	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	7	19	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	7	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	7	21	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	7	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	8	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5557	8	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	8	3	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	8	4	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
easat-5557	8	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	8	6	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	8	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	8	8	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	8	9	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	8	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	8	11	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	8	12	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	8	13	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	8	14	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	8	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	8	16	5	5	NUM
easat-5557	8	17	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	8	18	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	8	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	8	20	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	8	21	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	8	22	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5557	8	23	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	8	24	flows	flow	NOUN
easat-5557	8	25	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	8	26	linked	link	VERB
easat-5557	8	27	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	8	28	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5557	8	29	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	8	30	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	8	31	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	8	32	the	the	DET
easat-5557	8	33	asean	asean	ADJ
easat-5557	8	34	region	region	NOUN
easat-5557	8	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	9	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	9	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5557	9	3	remained	remain	VERB
easat-5557	9	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-5557	9	5	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	9	6	all	all	DET
easat-5557	9	7	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	9	8	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	9	9	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	9	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	9	11	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	9	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	9	13	re	re	PROPN
easat-5557	9	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	9	15	identified	identify	VERB
easat-5557	9	16	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	9	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	9	18	most	most	ADV
easat-5557	9	19	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-5557	9	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	9	21	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	9	22	confirmed	confirm	VERB
easat-5557	9	23	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	9	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	9	25	hausman	hausman	PROPN
easat-5557	9	26	test	test	NOUN
easat-5557	9	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	10	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-5557	10	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	10	3	asean	asean	ADJ
easat-5557	10	4	member	member	NOUN
easat-5557	10	5	states	state	NOUN
easat-5557	10	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	10	7	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	10	8	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	10	9	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	10	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	10	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	10	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	10	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	10	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	10	15	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	10	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	11	1	1	1	X
easat-5557	11	2	.	.	X
easat-5557	11	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-5557	11	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	11	5	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	11	6	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	11	8	commonly	commonly	ADV
easat-5557	11	9	known	know	VERB
easat-5557	11	10	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	11	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	11	12	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	11	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	11	14	underground	underground	ADJ
easat-5557	11	15	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	11	17	holds	hold	VERB
easat-5557	11	18	a	a	DET
easat-5557	11	19	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-5557	11	20	yet	yet	ADV
easat-5557	11	21	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-5557	11	22	neglected	neglect	VERB
easat-5557	11	23	position	position	NOUN
easat-5557	11	24	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	11	25	global	global	ADJ
easat-5557	11	26	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	11	27	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-5557	11	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	12	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	12	2	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	12	3	includes	include	VERB
easat-5557	12	4	a	a	DET
easat-5557	12	5	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5557	12	6	array	array	NOUN
easat-5557	12	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	12	8	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	12	9	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	12	10	operate	operate	VERB
easat-5557	12	11	outside	outside	ADP
easat-5557	12	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	12	13	purview	purview	NOUN
easat-5557	12	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	12	15	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	12	16	governmental	governmental	ADJ
easat-5557	12	17	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-5557	12	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	12	19	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	12	20	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	12	21	street	street	NOUN
easat-5557	12	22	vending	vending	NOUN
easat-5557	12	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	12	24	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	12	25	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5557	12	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	12	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	12	28	small	small	ADJ
easat-5557	12	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	12	30	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	12	31	self	self	NOUN
easat-5557	12	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	12	33	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5557	12	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	13	1	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5557	13	2	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	13	3	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	13	4	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	13	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	13	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	13	7	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	13	8	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	13	9	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	13	10	make	make	VERB
easat-5557	13	11	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	13	12	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-5557	13	13	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	13	14	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5557	13	15	national	national	ADJ
easat-5557	13	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	13	17	global	global	PROPN
easat-5557	13	18	gdp	gdp	PROPN
easat-5557	13	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	13	20	acting	act	VERB
easat-5557	13	21	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	13	22	a	a	DET
easat-5557	13	23	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5557	13	24	means	mean	NOUN
easat-5557	13	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	13	26	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN
easat-5557	13	27	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	13	28	countless	countless	ADJ
easat-5557	13	29	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5557	13	30	[	[	X
easat-5557	13	31	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	13	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	13	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	14	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5557	14	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	14	3	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	14	4	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	14	5	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	14	6	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-5557	14	7	overlooked	overlook	VERB
easat-5557	14	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	14	9	official	official	ADJ
easat-5557	14	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	14	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	14	12	they	they	PRON
easat-5557	14	13	play	play	VERB
easat-5557	14	14	a	a	DET
easat-5557	14	15	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5557	14	16	role	role	NOUN
easat-5557	14	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	14	18	providing	provide	VERB
easat-5557	14	19	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5557	14	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	14	21	generating	generate	VERB
easat-5557	14	22	income	income	NOUN
easat-5557	14	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	15	1	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	15	2	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	15	3	important	important	ADJ
easat-5557	15	4	to	to	PART
easat-5557	15	5	recognize	recognize	VERB
easat-5557	15	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	15	7	comprehending	comprehending	ADJ
easat-5557	15	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	15	9	quantifying	quantify	VERB
easat-5557	15	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	15	11	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	15	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	15	13	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	15	14	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-5557	15	15	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	15	16	formulating	formulate	VERB
easat-5557	15	17	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5557	15	18	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	15	19	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-5557	15	20	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	15	21	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	15	22	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5557	15	23	market	market	NOUN
easat-5557	15	24	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5557	15	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	15	26	delivering	deliver	VERB
easat-5557	15	27	social	social	ADJ
easat-5557	15	28	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-5557	15	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	15	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	15	31	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-5557	15	32	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-5557	15	33	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	15	34	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	15	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	16	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-5557	16	2	the	the	DET
easat-5557	16	3	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-5557	16	4	associated	associate	VERB
easat-5557	16	5	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	16	6	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	16	7	unregulated	unregulated	ADJ
easat-5557	16	8	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-5557	16	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	16	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	16	11	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	16	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	16	13	often	often	ADV
easat-5557	16	14	serves	serve	VERB
easat-5557	16	15	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	16	16	a	a	DET
easat-5557	16	17	stabilizing	stabilizing	NOUN
easat-5557	16	18	force	force	NOUN
easat-5557	16	19	during	during	ADP
easat-5557	16	20	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	16	21	recessions	recession	NOUN
easat-5557	16	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	16	23	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5557	16	24	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
easat-5557	16	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	16	26	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-5557	16	27	[	[	X
easat-5557	16	28	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	16	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	16	30	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	16	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	16	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	17	1	a	a	DET
easat-5557	17	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	17	3	has	have	AUX
easat-5557	17	4	underscored	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	17	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	17	6	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-5557	17	7	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-5557	17	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	17	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	17	10	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	17	11	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	17	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	17	13	especially	especially	ADV
easat-5557	17	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	17	15	light	light	NOUN
easat-5557	17	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	17	17	swift	swift	ADJ
easat-5557	17	18	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
easat-5557	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	17	20	globalization	globalization	NOUN
easat-5557	17	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	17	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	17	23	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-5557	17	24	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	17	25	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	17	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	18	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	18	2	improving	improve	VERB
easat-5557	18	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	18	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5557	18	5	used	use	VERB
easat-5557	18	6	to	to	PART
easat-5557	18	7	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5557	18	8	this	this	DET
easat-5557	18	9	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	18	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	18	11	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	18	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	18	13	international	international	ADJ
easat-5557	18	14	bodies	body	NOUN
easat-5557	18	15	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	18	16	promote	promote	VERB
easat-5557	18	17	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-5557	18	18	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	18	19	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	18	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	18	21	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
easat-5557	18	22	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-5557	18	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	18	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	18	25	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-5557	18	26	social	social	ADJ
easat-5557	18	27	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-5557	18	28	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	18	29	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5557	18	30	engaged	engage	VERB
easat-5557	18	31	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	18	32	work	work	NOUN
easat-5557	18	33	outside	outside	ADV
easat-5557	18	34	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	18	35	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	18	36	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5557	18	37	markets	market	NOUN
easat-5557	18	38	[	[	X
easat-5557	18	39	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	18	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	18	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	19	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	19	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	19	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	19	4	holds	hold	VERB
easat-5557	19	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	19	6	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5557	19	7	yet	yet	ADV
easat-5557	19	8	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-5557	19	9	overlooked	overlook	VERB
easat-5557	19	10	position	position	NOUN
easat-5557	19	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	19	12	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-5557	19	13	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	19	14	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	19	15	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	19	16	asean	asean	PROPN
easat-5557	19	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	19	18	association	association	NOUN
easat-5557	19	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	19	20	southeast	southeast	ADJ
easat-5557	19	21	asian	asian	ADJ
easat-5557	19	22	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	19	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	19	24	member	member	NOUN
easat-5557	19	25	states	state	NOUN
easat-5557	19	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	20	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	20	2	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	20	3	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-5557	20	4	various	various	ADJ
easat-5557	20	5	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	20	6	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	20	7	function	function	VERB
easat-5557	20	8	outside	outside	ADP
easat-5557	20	9	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	20	10	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-5557	20	11	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-5557	20	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	20	13	including	include	VERB
easat-5557	20	14	street	street	NOUN
easat-5557	20	15	vending	vending	NOUN
easat-5557	20	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	20	17	small	small	ADJ
easat-5557	20	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	20	19	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	20	20	farming	farming	NOUN
easat-5557	20	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	20	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	20	23	casual	casual	ADJ
easat-5557	20	24	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5557	20	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	20	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	20	27	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	20	28	believed	believe	VERB
easat-5557	20	29	to	to	PART
easat-5557	20	30	represent	represent	VERB
easat-5557	20	31	a	a	DET
easat-5557	20	32	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	20	33	portion	portion	NOUN
easat-5557	20	34	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	20	35	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	20	36	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	20	37	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	20	38	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-5557	20	39	asean	asean	ADJ
easat-5557	20	40	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	20	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	21	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	21	2	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	21	3	provides	provide	VERB
easat-5557	21	4	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5557	21	5	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
easat-5557	21	6	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	21	7	1440	1440	NUM
easat-5557	21	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	21	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	21	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	21	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	21	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	21	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	21	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	21	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	21	16	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	21	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	21	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	21	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	22	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	22	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	22	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	23	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	23	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	23	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	23	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	23	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	23	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	23	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	23	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	23	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	23	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	23	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	23	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	23	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	23	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	23	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	23	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	23	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	23	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5557	23	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	23	20	millions	million	NOUN
easat-5557	23	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	23	22	the	the	DET
easat-5557	23	23	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	23	24	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	23	25	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	23	26	presents	present	VERB
easat-5557	23	27	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	23	28	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	23	29	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	23	30	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	23	31	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-5557	23	32	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	23	33	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5557	23	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	23	35	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	23	36	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	23	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	23	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	23	39	social	social	ADJ
easat-5557	23	40	welfare	welfare	NOUN
easat-5557	23	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	24	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	24	2	these	these	DET
easat-5557	24	3	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	24	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	24	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	24	6	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	24	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	24	8	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	24	9	make	make	VERB
easat-5557	24	10	a	a	DET
easat-5557	24	11	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-5557	24	12	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-5557	24	13	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	24	14	national	national	ADJ
easat-5557	24	15	income	income	NOUN
easat-5557	24	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	24	17	however	however	ADV
easat-5557	24	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	24	19	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	24	20	unregulated	unregulated	ADJ
easat-5557	24	21	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-5557	24	22	often	often	ADV
easat-5557	24	23	lead	lead	VERB
easat-5557	24	24	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	24	25	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	24	26	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	24	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	25	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-5557	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	25	3	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	25	4	creates	create	VERB
easat-5557	25	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	25	6	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	25	7	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-5557	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	25	9	resulting	result	VERB
easat-5557	25	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	25	11	lost	lose	VERB
easat-5557	25	12	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-5557	25	13	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	25	14	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	25	15	could	could	AUX
easat-5557	25	16	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
easat-5557	25	17	support	support	VERB
easat-5557	25	18	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	25	19	services	service	NOUN
easat-5557	25	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	25	21	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-5557	25	22	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	25	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	25	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	25	25	social	social	ADJ
easat-5557	25	26	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-5557	25	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	26	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	26	2	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-5557	26	3	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	26	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	26	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	26	6	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	26	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	26	8	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	26	9	constitute	constitute	VERB
easat-5557	26	10	over	over	ADP
easat-5557	26	11	30	30	NUM
easat-5557	26	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	26	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	26	14	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	26	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	26	16	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	26	17	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	26	18	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	26	19	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5557	26	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	26	21	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	26	22	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	27	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	27	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5557	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	27	4	6	6	NUM
easat-5557	27	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	27	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	28	1	regional	regional	ADJ
easat-5557	28	2	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	28	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	28	4	becoming	become	VERB
easat-5557	28	5	progressively	progressively	ADV
easat-5557	28	6	cognizant	cognizant	ADJ
easat-5557	28	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	28	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	28	9	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-5557	28	10	to	to	PART
easat-5557	28	11	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-5557	28	12	this	this	DET
easat-5557	28	13	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-5557	28	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	29	1	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-5557	29	2	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-5557	29	3	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	29	4	formalizing	formalize	VERB
easat-5557	29	5	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-5557	29	6	segments	segment	NOUN
easat-5557	29	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	29	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	29	9	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	29	10	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	29	11	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	29	12	currently	currently	ADV
easat-5557	29	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	29	14	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-5557	29	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	29	16	encompassing	encompass	VERB
easat-5557	29	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	29	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	29	19	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	29	20	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-5557	29	21	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	29	22	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
easat-5557	29	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	29	24	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-5557	29	25	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5557	29	26	payment	payment	NOUN
easat-5557	29	27	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	29	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	29	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	29	30	offering	offer	VERB
easat-5557	29	31	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	29	32	incentives	incentive	NOUN
easat-5557	29	33	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	29	34	small	small	ADJ
easat-5557	29	35	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	29	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	30	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-5557	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	30	3	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-5557	30	4	a	a	DET
easat-5557	30	5	balance	balance	NOUN
easat-5557	30	6	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	30	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	30	8	imperative	imperative	NOUN
easat-5557	30	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	30	10	formalization	formalization	NOUN
easat-5557	30	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	30	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	30	13	inherent	inherent	ADJ
easat-5557	30	14	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-5557	30	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	30	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	30	17	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	30	18	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	30	19	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5557	30	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5557	30	21	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	30	22	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-5557	30	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	30	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	30	25	precarious	precarious	ADJ
easat-5557	30	26	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-5557	30	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	30	28	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	30	29	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-5557	30	30	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5557	30	31	presents	present	VERB
easat-5557	30	32	a	a	DET
easat-5557	30	33	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-5557	30	34	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	30	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	31	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-5557	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	31	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	31	4	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	31	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	31	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	31	7	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	31	8	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	31	9	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	31	10	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	31	11	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	31	12	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	31	13	asean	asean	PROPN
easat-5557	31	14	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	31	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	31	16	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-5557	31	17	need	need	NOUN
easat-5557	31	18	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	31	19	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-5557	31	20	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	31	21	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	31	22	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	31	23	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-5557	31	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	31	25	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-5557	31	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	31	27	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	31	28	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5557	31	29	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	31	30	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	31	31	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-5557	31	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	31	33	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5557	31	34	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-5557	31	35	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	31	36	equitable	equitable	ADJ
easat-5557	31	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	31	38	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-5557	31	39	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	31	40	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	31	41	throughout	throughout	ADP
easat-5557	31	42	the	the	DET
easat-5557	31	43	region	region	NOUN
easat-5557	31	44	[	[	X
easat-5557	31	45	7	7	NUM
easat-5557	31	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	31	47	8	8	NUM
easat-5557	31	48	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	31	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	32	1	2	2	X
easat-5557	32	2	.	.	X
easat-5557	32	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-5557	32	4	review	review	VERB
easat-5557	32	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	32	6	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	32	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	32	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	32	9	commonly	commonly	ADV
easat-5557	32	10	referred	refer	VERB
easat-5557	32	11	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	32	12	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	32	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	32	14	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	32	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	32	16	underground	underground	ADJ
easat-5557	32	17	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	32	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	32	19	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-5557	32	20	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	32	21	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	32	22	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	32	23	operate	operate	VERB
easat-5557	32	24	outside	outside	ADP
easat-5557	32	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	32	26	purview	purview	NOUN
easat-5557	32	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	32	28	government	government	NOUN
easat-5557	32	29	regulation	regulation	NOUN
easat-5557	32	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	32	31	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	32	32	not	not	PART
easat-5557	32	33	included	include	VERB
easat-5557	32	34	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	32	35	the	the	DET
easat-5557	32	36	official	official	ADJ
easat-5557	32	37	gross	gross	ADJ
easat-5557	32	38	domestic	domestic	ADJ
easat-5557	32	39	product	product	NOUN
easat-5557	32	40	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	32	41	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	32	42	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	32	43	calculations	calculation	NOUN
easat-5557	33	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	33	2	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	33	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	33	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	34	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	34	2	presents	present	VERB
easat-5557	34	3	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	34	4	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-5557	34	5	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	34	6	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	34	7	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	34	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	34	9	globe	globe	NOUN
easat-5557	34	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	34	11	especially	especially	ADV
easat-5557	34	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	34	13	compromising	compromise	VERB
easat-5557	34	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	34	15	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5557	34	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	34	17	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	34	18	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	34	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	35	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-5557	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	35	3	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	35	4	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	35	5	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5557	35	6	to	to	PART
easat-5557	35	7	comprehend	comprehend	VERB
easat-5557	35	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	35	9	intricacies	intricacy	NOUN
easat-5557	35	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	35	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	35	12	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	35	13	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	35	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	35	15	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	35	16	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	35	17	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	35	18	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	35	19	income	income	NOUN
easat-5557	35	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	35	21	order	order	NOUN
easat-5557	35	22	to	to	PART
easat-5557	35	23	formulate	formulate	VERB
easat-5557	35	24	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5557	35	25	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	35	26	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	35	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	35	28	promote	promote	VERB
easat-5557	35	29	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	35	30	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
easat-5557	35	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	36	1	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	36	2	many	many	ADJ
easat-5557	36	3	years	year	NOUN
easat-5557	36	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	36	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	36	6	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	36	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	36	8	has	have	AUX
easat-5557	36	9	captured	capture	VERB
easat-5557	36	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	36	11	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-5557	36	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	36	13	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-5557	36	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	36	15	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5557	36	16	alike	alike	ADV
easat-5557	36	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	36	18	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-5557	36	19	because	because	SCONJ
easat-5557	36	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	36	21	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	36	22	intricate	intricate	ADJ
easat-5557	36	23	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	36	24	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	36	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	36	26	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	36	27	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	36	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	37	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	37	2	sustained	sustained	ADJ
easat-5557	37	3	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5557	37	4	has	have	AUX
easat-5557	37	5	led	lead	VERB
easat-5557	37	6	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	37	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	37	8	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-5557	37	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	37	10	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-5557	37	11	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-5557	37	12	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5557	37	13	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-5557	37	14	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	37	15	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-5557	37	16	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	37	17	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
easat-5557	37	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	37	19	underlying	underlying	ADJ
easat-5557	37	20	causes	cause	NOUN
easat-5557	37	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	37	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	37	23	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5557	37	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	38	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	38	2	has	have	AUX
easat-5557	38	3	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-5557	38	4	shown	show	VERB
easat-5557	38	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	38	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	38	7	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-5557	38	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	38	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	38	10	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	38	11	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	38	12	differs	differ	VERB
easat-5557	38	13	markedly	markedly	ADV
easat-5557	38	14	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	38	15	one	one	NUM
easat-5557	38	16	region	region	NOUN
easat-5557	38	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	38	18	another	another	PRON
easat-5557	38	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	38	20	shaped	shape	VERB
easat-5557	38	21	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	38	22	elements	element	NOUN
easat-5557	38	23	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	38	24	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	38	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	38	26	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5557	38	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	38	28	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-5557	38	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	38	30	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	38	31	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	38	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	38	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	38	34	labor	labor	NOUN
easat-5557	38	35	market	market	NOUN
easat-5557	38	36	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-5557	38	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	39	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-5557	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	39	3	this	this	DET
easat-5557	39	4	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-5557	39	5	has	have	AUX
easat-5557	39	6	posed	pose	VERB
easat-5557	39	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	39	8	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	39	9	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-5557	39	10	striving	strive	VERB
easat-5557	39	11	to	to	PART
easat-5557	39	12	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-5557	39	13	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	39	14	true	true	ADJ
easat-5557	39	15	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	39	16	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5557	39	17	[	[	X
easat-5557	39	18	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	39	19	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	39	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	40	1	to	to	PART
easat-5557	40	2	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-5557	40	3	this	this	DET
easat-5557	40	4	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-5557	40	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	40	6	scholars	scholar	NOUN
easat-5557	40	7	have	have	AUX
easat-5557	40	8	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-5557	40	9	various	various	ADJ
easat-5557	40	10	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5557	40	11	to	to	PART
easat-5557	40	12	gauge	gauge	VERB
easat-5557	40	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	40	14	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
easat-5557	40	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	40	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	40	17	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	40	18	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	40	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	41	1	notably	notably	ADV
easat-5557	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	41	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	41	4	mimic	mimic	ADJ
easat-5557	41	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	41	6	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-5557	41	7	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-5557	41	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	41	9	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-5557	41	10	causes	cause	NOUN
easat-5557	41	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	41	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	41	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	41	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	41	15	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-5557	41	16	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-5557	41	17	method	method	NOUN
easat-5557	41	18	have	have	AUX
easat-5557	41	19	been	be	AUX
easat-5557	41	20	extensively	extensively	ADV
easat-5557	41	21	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	41	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	41	23	this	this	DET
easat-5557	41	24	context	context	NOUN
easat-5557	41	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	42	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	42	2	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-5557	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	42	4	dell'anno	dell'anno	PROPN
easat-5557	42	5	[	[	X
easat-5557	42	6	11	11	NUM
easat-5557	42	7	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	42	8	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-5557	42	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	42	10	mimic	mimic	ADJ
easat-5557	42	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	42	12	to	to	PART
easat-5557	42	13	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5557	42	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	42	15	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	42	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	42	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	42	18	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	42	19	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	42	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	42	21	portugal	portugal	PROPN
easat-5557	42	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	43	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	43	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5557	43	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-5557	43	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	43	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	43	6	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	43	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	43	8	was	be	AUX
easat-5557	43	9	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	43	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	43	11	yet	yet	CCONJ
easat-5557	43	12	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	43	13	size	size	NOUN
easat-5557	43	14	varied	varied	ADJ
easat-5557	43	15	over	over	ADP
easat-5557	43	16	time	time	NOUN
easat-5557	43	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	43	18	response	response	NOUN
easat-5557	43	19	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	43	20	changing	change	VERB
easat-5557	43	21	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	43	22	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-5557	43	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	44	1	dell’anno	dell’anno	NOUN
easat-5557	44	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	44	3	davidescu	davidescu	NOUN
easat-5557	45	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	45	2	12	12	NUM
easat-5557	45	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	45	4	furthered	further	VERB
easat-5557	45	5	this	this	DET
easat-5557	45	6	line	line	NOUN
easat-5557	45	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	45	8	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
easat-5557	45	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	45	10	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-5557	45	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	45	12	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-5557	45	13	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-5557	45	14	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-5557	45	15	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	45	16	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	45	17	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	45	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	46	1	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	46	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5557	46	3	underscored	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	46	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	46	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	46	6	associated	associate	VERB
easat-5557	46	7	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	46	8	quantifying	quantify	VERB
easat-5557	46	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	46	10	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	46	11	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	46	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	46	13	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-5557	46	14	due	due	ADP
easat-5557	46	15	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	46	16	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	46	17	elusive	elusive	ADJ
easat-5557	46	18	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-5557	46	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	46	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	46	21	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-5557	46	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	46	23	the	the	DET
easat-5557	46	24	application	application	NOUN
easat-5557	46	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	46	26	different	different	ADJ
easat-5557	46	27	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-5557	46	28	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5557	46	29	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	46	30	lead	lead	VERB
easat-5557	46	31	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	46	32	disparate	disparate	ADJ
easat-5557	46	33	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-5557	46	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	46	35	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5557	46	36	complicating	complicate	VERB
easat-5557	46	37	the	the	DET
easat-5557	46	38	formulation	formulation	NOUN
easat-5557	46	39	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	46	40	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5557	46	41	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	46	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	47	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5557	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	47	3	schneider	schneider	NOUN
easat-5557	47	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	47	5	williams	williams	PROPN
easat-5557	48	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	48	2	13	13	NUM
easat-5557	48	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	48	4	enriched	enrich	VERB
easat-5557	48	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	48	6	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-5557	48	7	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	48	8	presenting	present	VERB
easat-5557	48	9	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-5557	48	10	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-5557	48	11	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5557	48	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	48	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	48	14	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	48	15	analyzing	analyze	VERB
easat-5557	48	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	48	17	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-5557	48	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	48	19	electricity	electricity	NOUN
easat-5557	48	20	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-5557	48	21	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-5557	48	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	49	1	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	49	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	49	3	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	49	4	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	49	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	49	6	complexities	complexity	NOUN
easat-5557	49	7	involved	involve	VERB
easat-5557	49	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	49	9	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-5557	49	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	49	11	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
easat-5557	49	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	49	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	49	14	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	49	15	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	49	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	49	17	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	49	18	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-5557	49	19	both	both	DET
easat-5557	49	20	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-5557	49	21	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	49	22	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	49	23	remain	remain	VERB
easat-5557	49	24	unreported	unreported	ADJ
easat-5557	49	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	49	26	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-5557	49	27	undertakings	undertaking	NOUN
easat-5557	49	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	49	29	as	as	ADV
easat-5557	49	30	well	well	ADV
easat-5557	49	31	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	49	32	those	those	PRON
easat-5557	49	33	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	49	34	exist	exist	VERB
easat-5557	49	35	outside	outside	ADP
easat-5557	49	36	the	the	DET
easat-5557	49	37	purview	purview	NOUN
easat-5557	49	38	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	49	39	governmental	governmental	ADJ
easat-5557	49	40	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-5557	49	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	50	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-5557	50	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	50	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	50	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	50	5	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	50	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	50	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	50	8	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	50	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	50	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	50	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	50	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	50	13	tends	tend	VERB
easat-5557	50	14	to	to	PART
easat-5557	50	15	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	50	16	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	50	17	pronounced	pronounced	ADJ
easat-5557	50	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	50	19	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	50	20	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	50	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	50	22	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-5557	50	23	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	50	24	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-5557	50	25	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	50	26	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-5557	50	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	50	28	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5557	50	29	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
easat-5557	50	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	51	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	51	2	complexities	complexity	NOUN
easat-5557	51	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	51	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	51	5	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	51	6	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	51	7	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	51	8	further	far	ADV
easat-5557	51	9	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
easat-5557	51	10	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	51	11	regional	regional	ADJ
easat-5557	51	12	analyses	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	51	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	52	1	albu	albu	PROPN
easat-5557	53	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	53	2	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	53	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	53	4	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-5557	53	5	examined	examine	VERB
easat-5557	53	6	romania	romania	PROPN
easat-5557	53	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	53	8	noted	note	VERB
easat-5557	53	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	53	10	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-5557	53	11	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	53	12	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	53	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5557	53	14	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
easat-5557	53	15	due	due	ADP
easat-5557	53	16	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	53	17	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-5557	53	18	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
easat-5557	53	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	53	20	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-5557	53	21	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-5557	53	22	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-5557	53	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	54	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-5557	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	54	3	murat	murat	PROPN
easat-5557	55	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	55	2	14	14	NUM
easat-5557	55	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	55	4	expanded	expand	VERB
easat-5557	55	5	this	this	DET
easat-5557	55	6	1441	1441	NUM
easat-5557	55	7	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	55	8	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	55	9	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	55	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	55	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	55	12	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	55	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	55	14	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	55	15	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	55	16	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	55	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	55	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	56	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	56	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	56	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	57	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	57	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	57	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	57	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	57	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	57	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	57	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	57	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	57	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	57	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	57	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	57	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	57	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	57	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	57	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	57	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	57	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	57	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5557	57	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5557	57	20	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-5557	57	21	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	57	22	kazakhstan	kazakhstan	PROPN
easat-5557	57	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	57	24	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-5557	57	25	a	a	DET
easat-5557	57	26	connection	connection	NOUN
easat-5557	57	27	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	57	28	the	the	DET
easat-5557	57	29	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	57	30	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	57	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	57	32	the	the	DET
easat-5557	57	33	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-5557	57	34	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	57	35	underdeveloped	underdeveloped	ADJ
easat-5557	57	36	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	57	37	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	57	38	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-5557	57	39	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-5557	57	40	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-5557	57	41	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-5557	57	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	58	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	58	2	a	a	DET
easat-5557	58	3	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-5557	58	4	context	context	NOUN
easat-5557	58	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	58	6	baklouti	baklouti	NOUN
easat-5557	58	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	58	8	boujelbene	boujelbene	NOUN
easat-5557	58	9	[	[	X
easat-5557	58	10	15	15	NUM
easat-5557	58	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	58	12	explored	explore	VERB
easat-5557	58	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	58	14	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5557	58	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	58	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	58	17	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	58	18	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	58	19	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	58	20	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	58	21	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	58	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	58	23	contrasting	contrast	VERB
easat-5557	58	24	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	58	25	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	58	26	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	58	27	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5557	58	28	developed	developed	ADJ
easat-5557	58	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	58	30	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	58	31	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	58	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	59	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5557	59	2	the	the	DET
easat-5557	59	3	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	59	4	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	59	5	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	59	6	offer	offer	VERB
easat-5557	59	7	temporary	temporary	ADJ
easat-5557	59	8	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5557	59	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	59	10	spur	spur	VERB
easat-5557	59	11	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	59	12	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	59	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	59	14	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	59	15	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-5557	59	16	jeopardizes	jeopardize	VERB
easat-5557	59	17	longterm	longterm	ADJ
easat-5557	59	18	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-5557	59	19	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	59	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	59	21	eroding	erode	VERB
easat-5557	59	22	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	59	23	finances	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	59	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	60	1	various	various	ADJ
easat-5557	60	2	case	case	NOUN
easat-5557	60	3	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5557	60	4	further	far	ADV
easat-5557	60	5	illuminate	illuminate	VERB
easat-5557	60	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	60	7	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-5557	60	8	drivers	driver	NOUN
easat-5557	60	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	60	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	60	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	60	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	60	13	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	60	14	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	60	15	example	example	NOUN
easat-5557	60	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	60	17	dell’anno	dell’anno	NOUN
easat-5557	60	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	60	19	davidescu	davidescu	NOUN
easat-5557	61	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	61	2	12	12	NUM
easat-5557	61	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	61	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-5557	61	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	61	6	mimic	mimic	ADJ
easat-5557	61	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	61	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	61	9	tanzania	tanzania	PROPN
easat-5557	61	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	61	11	found	find	VERB
easat-5557	61	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	61	13	inflation	inflation	NOUN
easat-5557	61	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	61	15	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
easat-5557	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	61	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	61	18	government	government	NOUN
easat-5557	61	19	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
easat-5557	61	20	were	be	AUX
easat-5557	61	21	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	61	22	contributors	contributor	NOUN
easat-5557	61	23	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	61	24	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	61	25	expansion	expansion	NOUN
easat-5557	61	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	62	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	62	2	zaman	zaman	NOUN
easat-5557	62	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	62	4	goschin	goschin	PROPN
easat-5557	62	5	[	[	X
easat-5557	62	6	16	16	NUM
easat-5557	62	7	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	62	8	identified	identify	VERB
easat-5557	62	9	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-5557	62	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	62	11	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	62	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	62	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5557	62	14	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5557	62	15	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	62	16	rendered	render	VERB
easat-5557	62	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	62	18	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	62	19	economy	economy	VERB
easat-5557	62	20	a	a	DET
easat-5557	62	21	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	62	22	component	component	NOUN
easat-5557	62	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	62	24	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	62	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	62	26	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	62	27	the	the	DET
easat-5557	62	28	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	62	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	62	30	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-5557	62	31	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-5557	62	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	63	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-5557	63	2	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-5557	63	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	63	4	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-5557	63	5	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-5557	63	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	63	7	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-5557	63	8	assessing	assess	VERB
easat-5557	63	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	63	10	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	63	11	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	63	12	continues	continue	VERB
easat-5557	63	13	to	to	PART
easat-5557	63	14	pose	pose	VERB
easat-5557	63	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	63	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	63	17	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-5557	63	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	63	19	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-5557	63	20	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	63	21	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
easat-5557	63	22	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	63	23	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5557	63	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	63	25	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-5557	63	26	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-5557	63	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	63	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	63	29	customized	customize	VERB
easat-5557	63	30	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	63	31	to	to	PART
easat-5557	63	32	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
easat-5557	63	33	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	63	34	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	63	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	63	36	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	63	37	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
easat-5557	63	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	64	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	64	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5557	64	3	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-5557	64	4	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	64	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	64	6	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	64	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	64	8	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	64	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5557	64	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	64	11	interrelated	interrelated	ADJ
easat-5557	64	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	65	1	fuest	fu	ADJ
easat-5557	65	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	65	3	schneider	schneider	NOUN
easat-5557	66	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	66	2	17	17	NUM
easat-5557	66	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	66	4	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	66	5	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	66	6	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	66	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	66	8	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
easat-5557	66	9	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	66	10	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	66	11	contributors	contributor	NOUN
easat-5557	66	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	66	13	driven	drive	VERB
easat-5557	66	14	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	66	15	elevated	elevated	ADJ
easat-5557	66	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	66	17	burdens	burden	NOUN
easat-5557	66	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	66	19	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-5557	66	20	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	66	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	66	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	66	23	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
easat-5557	66	24	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	66	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	67	1	nchor	nchor	PRON
easat-5557	68	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	68	2	18	18	NUM
easat-5557	68	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	68	4	corroborated	corroborate	VERB
easat-5557	68	5	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	68	6	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	68	7	noting	note	VERB
easat-5557	68	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	68	9	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	68	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	68	11	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-5557	68	12	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	68	13	intensified	intensify	VERB
easat-5557	68	14	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	68	15	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	68	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	68	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	68	18	czech	czech	PROPN
easat-5557	68	19	republic	republic	NOUN
easat-5557	68	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	68	21	poland	poland	PROPN
easat-5557	68	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	68	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	68	24	hungary	hungary	PROPN
easat-5557	68	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	69	1	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-5557	69	2	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-5557	69	3	were	be	AUX
easat-5557	69	4	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5557	69	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	69	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	69	7	middle	middle	PROPN
easat-5557	69	8	east	east	PROPN
easat-5557	69	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	69	10	where	where	SCONJ
easat-5557	69	11	imam	imam	NOUN
easat-5557	69	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	69	13	jacobs	jacobs	PROPN
easat-5557	69	14	[	[	X
easat-5557	69	15	19	19	NUM
easat-5557	69	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	69	17	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	69	18	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	69	19	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	69	20	diminished	diminish	VERB
easat-5557	69	21	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	69	22	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	69	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	69	24	fostered	foster	VERB
easat-5557	69	25	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	69	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	70	1	dreher	dreher	PROPN
easat-5557	70	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	70	3	schneider	schneider	NOUN
easat-5557	71	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	71	2	20	20	NUM
easat-5557	71	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	71	4	further	far	ADV
easat-5557	71	5	established	establish	VERB
easat-5557	71	6	a	a	DET
easat-5557	71	7	global	global	ADJ
easat-5557	71	8	link	link	NOUN
easat-5557	71	9	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	71	10	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	71	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	71	12	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	71	13	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	71	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	71	15	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	71	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	71	17	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-5557	71	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	71	19	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	71	20	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5557	71	21	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5557	71	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	72	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	72	2	asia	asia	PROPN
easat-5557	72	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	72	4	ulyssea	ulyssea	ADJ
easat-5557	72	5	[	[	X
easat-5557	72	6	21	21	NUM
easat-5557	72	7	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	72	8	pointed	point	VERB
easat-5557	72	9	out	out	ADP
easat-5557	72	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	72	11	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-5557	72	12	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	72	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	72	14	convoluted	convoluted	ADJ
easat-5557	72	15	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	72	16	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	72	17	discouraged	discourage	VERB
easat-5557	72	18	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-5557	72	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	72	20	encouraged	encourage	VERB
easat-5557	72	21	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	72	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	73	1	mughal	mughal	PROPN
easat-5557	73	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	73	3	schneider	schneider	NOUN
easat-5557	74	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	74	2	22	22	NUM
easat-5557	74	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	74	4	echoed	echo	VERB
easat-5557	74	5	these	these	DET
easat-5557	74	6	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-5557	74	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	74	8	pakistan	pakistan	PROPN
easat-5557	74	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	74	10	where	where	SCONJ
easat-5557	74	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	74	12	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	74	13	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	74	14	not	not	PART
easat-5557	74	15	only	only	ADV
easat-5557	74	16	hampers	hamper	VERB
easat-5557	74	17	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5557	74	18	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	74	19	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5557	74	20	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	74	21	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	74	22	skews	skew	VERB
easat-5557	74	23	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	74	24	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-5557	74	25	due	due	ADP
easat-5557	74	26	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	74	27	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
easat-5557	74	28	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	74	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	75	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	75	2	sub	sub	ADJ
easat-5557	75	3	-	-	ADJ
easat-5557	75	4	saharan	saharan	ADJ
easat-5557	75	5	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-5557	75	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	75	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	75	8	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	75	9	idris	idris	PROPN
easat-5557	75	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	75	11	et	et	PROPN
easat-5557	75	12	al	al	PROPN
easat-5557	75	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	76	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	76	2	23	23	NUM
easat-5557	76	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	76	4	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-5557	76	5	kodila	kodila	NOUN
easat-5557	76	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	76	7	tedika	tedika	NOUN
easat-5557	76	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	76	9	mutascu	mutascu	NOUN
easat-5557	76	10	[	[	X
easat-5557	76	11	24	24	NUM
easat-5557	76	12	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	76	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-5557	76	14	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	76	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	76	16	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	76	17	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	76	18	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5557	76	19	constrains	constrain	VERB
easat-5557	76	20	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	76	21	bases	basis	NOUN
easat-5557	76	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	76	23	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5557	76	24	impeding	impede	VERB
easat-5557	76	25	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	76	26	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
easat-5557	76	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	77	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	77	2	latin	latin	PROPN
easat-5557	77	3	america	america	PROPN
easat-5557	77	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	77	5	oecd	oecd	PROPN
easat-5557	77	6	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	77	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	77	8	boitano	boitano	PROPN
easat-5557	77	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	77	10	abanto	abanto	NOUN
easat-5557	77	11	[	[	X
easat-5557	77	12	25	25	NUM
easat-5557	77	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	77	14	noted	note	VERB
easat-5557	77	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	77	16	high	high	ADJ
easat-5557	77	17	levels	level	NOUN
easat-5557	77	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	77	19	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	77	20	diminish	diminish	VERB
easat-5557	77	21	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	77	22	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	77	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	77	24	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-5557	77	25	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	77	26	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	77	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	78	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5557	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	78	3	ghazo	ghazo	PROPN
easat-5557	78	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	78	5	et	et	PROPN
easat-5557	78	6	al	al	PROPN
easat-5557	78	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	79	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	79	2	26	26	NUM
easat-5557	79	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	79	4	illustrated	illustrate	VERB
easat-5557	79	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	79	6	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	79	7	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	79	8	disrupt	disrupt	VERB
easat-5557	79	9	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-5557	79	10	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-5557	79	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	79	12	weaken	weaken	VERB
easat-5557	79	13	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	79	14	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-5557	79	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	79	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	79	17	middle	middle	PROPN
easat-5557	79	18	east	east	PROPN
easat-5557	79	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	80	1	gnangnon	gnangnon	PROPN
easat-5557	81	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	81	2	27	27	NUM
easat-5557	81	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	81	4	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-5557	81	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	81	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	81	7	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	81	8	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	81	9	poses	pose	VERB
easat-5557	81	10	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	81	11	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-5557	81	12	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	81	13	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-5557	81	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	81	15	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-5557	81	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	81	17	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	81	18	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	81	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	81	20	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	81	21	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-5557	81	22	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
easat-5557	81	23	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	81	24	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	81	25	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5557	81	26	administrative	administrative	ADJ
easat-5557	81	27	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-5557	81	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	81	29	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
easat-5557	81	30	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	81	31	perpetuating	perpetuate	VERB
easat-5557	81	32	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	81	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	81	34	undermining	undermine	VERB
easat-5557	81	35	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	81	36	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-5557	81	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	82	1	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	82	2	crises	crisis	NOUN
easat-5557	82	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	82	4	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
easat-5557	82	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	82	6	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-5557	82	7	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
easat-5557	82	8	these	these	DET
easat-5557	82	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	82	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	83	1	vlachaki	vlachaki	PROPN
easat-5557	83	2	[	[	X
easat-5557	83	3	28	28	NUM
easat-5557	83	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	83	5	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5557	83	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	83	7	during	during	ADP
easat-5557	83	8	periods	period	NOUN
easat-5557	83	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	83	10	crisis	crisis	NOUN
easat-5557	83	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	83	12	greece	greece	PROPN
easat-5557	83	13	's	's	PART
easat-5557	83	14	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	83	15	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	83	16	experienced	experience	VERB
easat-5557	83	17	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	83	18	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	83	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	83	20	leading	lead	VERB
easat-5557	83	21	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	83	22	a	a	DET
easat-5557	83	23	marked	mark	VERB
easat-5557	83	24	decline	decline	NOUN
easat-5557	83	25	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	83	26	vat	vat	NOUN
easat-5557	83	27	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	83	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	84	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-5557	84	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	84	3	abou	abou	PROPN
easat-5557	84	4	ltaif	ltaif	PROPN
easat-5557	84	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	84	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-5557	84	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-5557	84	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	85	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	85	2	29	29	NUM
easat-5557	85	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	85	4	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5557	85	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	85	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	85	7	lebanon	lebanon	PROPN
easat-5557	85	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	85	9	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	85	10	turmoil	turmoil	NOUN
easat-5557	85	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	85	12	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-5557	85	13	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-5557	85	14	heightened	heighten	VERB
easat-5557	85	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	85	16	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	85	17	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
easat-5557	85	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	85	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	85	20	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	85	21	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	85	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	85	23	further	far	ADV
easat-5557	85	24	destabilizing	destabilize	VERB
easat-5557	85	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	85	26	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	85	27	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-5557	85	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	86	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-5557	86	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	86	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	86	4	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	86	5	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	86	6	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-5557	86	7	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	86	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	86	9	persistence	persistence	NOUN
easat-5557	86	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	86	11	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
easat-5557	86	12	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
easat-5557	86	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	87	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	87	2	decline	decline	NOUN
easat-5557	87	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	87	4	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	87	5	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	87	6	hampers	hamper	VERB
easat-5557	87	7	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	87	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	87	9	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5557	87	10	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	87	11	services	service	NOUN
easat-5557	87	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	87	13	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	87	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-5557	87	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	87	16	education	education	NOUN
easat-5557	87	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	87	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	87	19	healthcare	healthcare	PROPN
easat-5557	87	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	87	21	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	87	22	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
easat-5557	87	23	impacts	impact	VERB
easat-5557	87	24	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
easat-5557	87	25	communities	community	NOUN
easat-5557	87	26	[	[	X
easat-5557	87	27	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	87	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	87	29	30	30	NUM
easat-5557	87	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	87	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	88	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	88	2	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-5557	88	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	88	4	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	88	5	creates	create	VERB
easat-5557	88	6	a	a	DET
easat-5557	88	7	cyclical	cyclical	ADJ
easat-5557	88	8	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	88	9	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	88	10	diminishes	diminish	VERB
easat-5557	88	11	state	state	NOUN
easat-5557	88	12	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-5557	88	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	88	14	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB
easat-5557	88	15	inequality	inequality	NOUN
easat-5557	88	16	[	[	X
easat-5557	88	17	31	31	NUM
easat-5557	88	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	88	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	89	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	89	2	light	light	NOUN
easat-5557	89	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	89	4	these	these	DET
easat-5557	89	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	89	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	89	7	a	a	DET
easat-5557	89	8	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-5557	89	9	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	89	10	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	89	11	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-5557	89	12	to	to	PART
easat-5557	89	13	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-5557	89	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	89	15	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	89	16	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	89	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	90	1	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	90	2	instance	instance	NOUN
easat-5557	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	90	4	joshi	joshi	PROPN
easat-5557	90	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	90	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-5557	90	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-5557	90	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	91	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	91	2	7	7	X
easat-5557	91	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	91	4	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-5557	91	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	91	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-5557	91	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	91	8	simplified	simplified	ADJ
easat-5557	91	9	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	91	10	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	91	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	91	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	91	13	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
easat-5557	91	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	91	15	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	91	16	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-5557	91	17	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-5557	91	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	92	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-5557	92	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	92	3	awasthi	awasthi	ADV
easat-5557	92	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	92	5	engelschalk	engelschalk	VERB
easat-5557	92	6	[	[	X
easat-5557	92	7	32	32	NUM
easat-5557	92	8	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	92	9	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	92	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	92	11	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-5557	92	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	92	13	combining	combine	VERB
easat-5557	92	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	92	15	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-5557	92	16	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	92	17	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-5557	92	18	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	92	19	promote	promote	VERB
easat-5557	92	20	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-5557	92	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	92	22	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	92	23	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	92	24	minimizing	minimize	VERB
easat-5557	92	25	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
easat-5557	92	26	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-5557	92	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	92	28	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-5557	92	29	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	92	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	93	1	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5557	93	2	payment	payment	NOUN
easat-5557	93	3	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	93	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	93	5	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	93	6	example	example	NOUN
easat-5557	93	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	93	8	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	93	9	help	help	VERB
easat-5557	93	10	decrease	decrease	VERB
easat-5557	93	11	cash	cash	NOUN
easat-5557	93	12	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-5557	93	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	93	14	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5557	93	15	making	make	VERB
easat-5557	93	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	93	17	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	93	18	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	93	19	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-5557	93	20	[	[	X
easat-5557	93	21	33	33	NUM
easat-5557	93	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	93	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	94	1	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	94	2	morale	morale	NOUN
easat-5557	94	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	94	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	94	5	paramount	paramount	ADJ
easat-5557	94	6	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-5557	94	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	94	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	94	9	context	context	NOUN
easat-5557	94	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	94	11	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	94	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	95	1	torgler	torgler	NOUN
easat-5557	95	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	95	3	schneider	schneider	NOUN
easat-5557	96	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	96	2	34	34	NUM
easat-5557	96	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	96	4	posited	posit	VERB
easat-5557	96	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	96	6	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	96	7	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	96	8	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-5557	96	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	96	10	governmental	governmental	ADJ
easat-5557	96	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-5557	96	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	96	13	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-5557	96	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	96	15	just	just	ADJ
easat-5557	96	16	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-5557	96	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	96	18	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	96	19	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	96	20	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	96	21	lead	lead	VERB
easat-5557	96	22	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	96	23	a	a	DET
easat-5557	96	24	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-5557	96	25	decrease	decrease	NOUN
easat-5557	96	26	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	96	27	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	96	28	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	96	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	97	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	97	2	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-5557	97	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	97	4	supported	support	VERB
easat-5557	97	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	97	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	97	7	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-5557	97	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	97	9	1442	1442	NUM
easat-5557	97	10	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	97	11	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	97	12	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	97	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	97	14	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	97	15	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	97	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	97	17	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	97	18	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	97	19	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	97	20	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	97	21	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	98	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	98	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	98	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	99	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	99	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	99	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	99	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	99	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	99	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	99	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	99	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	99	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	99	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	99	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	99	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	99	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	99	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	99	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	99	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	99	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	99	18	learning	learning	PROPN
easat-5557	99	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5557	99	20	hammond	hammond	PROPN
easat-5557	99	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	99	22	et	et	PROPN
easat-5557	99	23	al	al	PROPN
easat-5557	99	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	100	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	100	2	35	35	NUM
easat-5557	100	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	100	4	who	who	PRON
easat-5557	100	5	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-5557	100	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	100	7	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-5557	100	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	100	9	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-5557	100	10	fair	fair	ADJ
easat-5557	100	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	100	12	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-5557	100	13	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	100	14	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	100	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	101	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5557	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	101	3	customized	customized	ADJ
easat-5557	101	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5557	101	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	101	6	including	include	VERB
easat-5557	101	7	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	101	8	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
easat-5557	101	9	programs	program	NOUN
easat-5557	101	10	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	101	11	noted	note	VERB
easat-5557	101	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	101	13	awwad	awwad	PROPN
easat-5557	101	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	101	15	alkababji	alkababji	NOUN
easat-5557	102	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	102	2	36	36	NUM
easat-5557	102	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	102	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	102	5	various	various	ADJ
easat-5557	102	6	local	local	ADJ
easat-5557	102	7	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-5557	102	8	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	102	9	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	102	10	lukito	lukito	ADJ
easat-5557	102	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	102	12	adi	adi	PROPN
easat-5557	103	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	103	2	37	37	NUM
easat-5557	103	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	103	4	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	103	5	further	far	ADV
easat-5557	103	6	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-5557	103	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	103	8	formalization	formalization	NOUN
easat-5557	103	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	103	10	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	103	11	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-5557	103	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	104	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	104	2	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	104	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	104	4	represents	represent	VERB
easat-5557	104	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	104	6	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	104	7	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
easat-5557	104	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	104	9	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	104	10	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	104	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	104	12	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	104	13	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	104	14	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	104	15	a	a	DET
easat-5557	104	16	global	global	ADJ
easat-5557	104	17	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	104	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	105	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5557	105	2	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	105	3	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	105	4	vary	vary	VERB
easat-5557	105	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	105	6	region	region	NOUN
easat-5557	105	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	105	8	recurring	recur	VERB
easat-5557	105	9	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-5557	105	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	105	11	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	105	12	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-5557	105	13	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	105	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	105	15	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	105	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	105	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	105	18	convoluted	convoluted	ADJ
easat-5557	105	19	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	105	20	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-5557	105	21	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	105	22	the	the	DET
easat-5557	105	23	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-5557	105	24	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	105	25	holistic	holistic	ADJ
easat-5557	105	26	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5557	105	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	106	1	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	106	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-5557	106	3	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-5557	106	4	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-5557	106	5	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	106	6	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-5557	106	7	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	106	8	promote	promote	VERB
easat-5557	106	9	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	106	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	106	11	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-5557	106	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	106	13	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	106	14	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	106	15	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
easat-5557	106	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	106	17	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
easat-5557	106	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	106	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	106	20	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	106	21	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	106	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	106	23	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-5557	106	24	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
easat-5557	106	25	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-5557	106	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	106	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	106	28	foster	foster	ADJ
easat-5557	106	29	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-5557	106	30	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	106	31	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-5557	106	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	107	1	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-5557	107	2	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-5557	107	3	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	107	4	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-5557	107	5	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	107	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	107	7	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	107	8	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-5557	107	9	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-5557	107	10	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	107	11	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5557	107	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	107	13	tackling	tackle	VERB
easat-5557	107	14	this	this	DET
easat-5557	107	15	enduring	endure	VERB
easat-5557	107	16	global	global	ADJ
easat-5557	107	17	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-5557	107	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	1	3	3	X
easat-5557	108	2	.	.	X
easat-5557	108	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-5557	108	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	108	5	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-5557	108	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	108	7	this	this	DET
easat-5557	108	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	108	9	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	108	10	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	108	11	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-5557	108	12	through	through	ADP
easat-5557	108	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	108	14	application	application	NOUN
easat-5557	108	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	108	16	a	a	DET
easat-5557	108	17	static	static	ADJ
easat-5557	108	18	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	108	19	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	108	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	108	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	22	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	108	23	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-5557	108	24	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	108	25	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
easat-5557	108	26	least	least	ADJ
easat-5557	108	27	squares	square	NOUN
easat-5557	108	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	29	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	108	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	32	random	random	ADJ
easat-5557	108	33	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	108	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	35	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	108	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	108	39	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-5557	108	40	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	108	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	42	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	108	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	108	44	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	108	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	109	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	109	3	incorporates	incorporate	VERB
easat-5557	109	4	four	four	NUM
easat-5557	109	5	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-5557	109	6	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	109	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	109	9	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	109	10	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	109	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	12	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	109	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	109	16	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	109	17	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	109	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	109	19	real	real	ADJ
easat-5557	109	20	gross	gross	ADJ
easat-5557	109	21	domestic	domestic	ADJ
easat-5557	109	22	product	product	NOUN
easat-5557	109	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	24	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	109	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	27	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	109	28	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5557	109	29	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	109	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	31	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	109	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	109	35	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	109	36	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	109	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	38	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	109	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	109	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	110	1	these	these	DET
easat-5557	110	2	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	110	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	110	4	included	include	VERB
easat-5557	110	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	110	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	110	7	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	110	8	to	to	PART
easat-5557	110	9	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5557	110	10	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	110	11	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	110	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	110	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	110	14	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-5557	110	15	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	110	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	110	17	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	110	18	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	110	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	110	20	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	110	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	110	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	111	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	111	2	specification	specification	NOUN
easat-5557	111	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	111	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	111	5	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	111	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	111	7	detailed	detail	VERB
easat-5557	111	8	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	111	9	follows	follow	VERB
easat-5557	111	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	1	𝑇𝐴𝑋𝑖𝑡	𝑇𝐴𝑋𝑖𝑡	VERB
easat-5557	112	2	=	=	SYM
easat-5557	112	3	𝜃0	𝜃0	VERB
easat-5557	112	4	+	+	PRON
easat-5557	112	5	𝜃1𝑆𝐷𝐸𝑖𝑡	𝜃1𝑆𝐷𝐸𝑖𝑡	PRON
easat-5557	112	6	+	+	CCONJ
easat-5557	112	7	𝜃2𝐺𝐷𝑃𝑖𝑡	𝜃2𝐺𝐷𝑃𝑖𝑡	NOUN
easat-5557	112	8	+	+	X
easat-5557	112	9	𝜃3𝐹𝐷𝐼𝑖𝑡	𝜃3𝐹𝐷𝐼𝑖𝑡	NOUN
easat-5557	112	10	+	+	CCONJ
easat-5557	112	11	𝜃4𝐹𝑋𝑖𝑡	𝜃4𝐹𝑋𝑖𝑡	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	12	+	+	CCONJ
easat-5557	112	13	𝜀𝑖𝑡	𝜀𝑖𝑡	VERB
easat-5557	112	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	15	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	112	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	112	18	this	this	DET
easat-5557	112	19	context	context	NOUN
easat-5557	112	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	21	𝜃0	𝜃0	VERB
easat-5557	112	22	functions	function	NOUN
easat-5557	112	23	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	112	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	112	25	intercept	intercept	NOUN
easat-5557	112	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	27	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	112	28	𝜃1	𝜃1	NOUN
easat-5557	112	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	30	𝜃2	𝜃2	NOUN
easat-5557	112	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	32	𝜃3	𝜃3	ADJ
easat-5557	112	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	112	34	𝜃4	𝜃4	PROPN
easat-5557	112	35	denote	denote	VERB
easat-5557	112	36	the	the	DET
easat-5557	112	37	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	112	38	linked	link	VERB
easat-5557	112	39	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	112	40	the	the	DET
easat-5557	112	41	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	112	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	43	real	real	ADJ
easat-5557	112	44	gdp	gdp	PROPN
easat-5557	112	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	46	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	112	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	48	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	112	49	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	112	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	51	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-5557	112	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	112	53	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	112	54	must	must	AUX
easat-5557	112	55	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	112	56	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-5557	112	57	using	use	VERB
easat-5557	112	58	three	three	NUM
easat-5557	112	59	static	static	ADJ
easat-5557	112	60	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	112	61	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	112	62	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	112	63	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	113	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	113	2	notation	notation	NOUN
easat-5557	113	3	ε_it	ε_it	PROPN
easat-5557	113	4	represents	represent	VERB
easat-5557	113	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	113	6	residual	residual	ADJ
easat-5557	113	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	113	8	error	error	NOUN
easat-5557	113	9	term	term	NOUN
easat-5557	113	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	113	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	113	12	t	t	PROPN
easat-5557	113	13	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	113	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	113	15	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-5557	113	16	dimension	dimension	NOUN
easat-5557	113	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	113	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	113	19	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	113	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	114	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	114	3	employs	employ	VERB
easat-5557	114	4	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	114	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	114	6	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	114	7	integrates	integrate	VERB
easat-5557	114	8	information	information	NOUN
easat-5557	114	9	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	114	10	six	six	NUM
easat-5557	114	11	asean	asean	ADJ
easat-5557	114	12	member	member	NOUN
easat-5557	114	13	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	114	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	15	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-5557	114	16	cambodia	cambodia	PROPN
easat-5557	114	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	18	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-5557	114	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	20	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-5557	114	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	22	the	the	DET
easat-5557	114	23	philippines	philippine	NOUN
easat-5557	114	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	25	singapore	singapore	PROPN
easat-5557	114	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	114	28	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-5557	114	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	30	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-5557	114	31	annual	annual	ADJ
easat-5557	114	32	time	time	NOUN
easat-5557	114	33	series	series	PROPN
easat-5557	114	34	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	114	35	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	114	36	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5557	114	37	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	114	38	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5557	114	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	114	40	culminating	culminate	VERB
easat-5557	114	41	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	114	42	a	a	DET
easat-5557	114	43	total	total	NOUN
easat-5557	114	44	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	114	45	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	114	46	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	114	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	115	1	all	all	DET
easat-5557	115	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	115	3	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-5557	115	4	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	115	5	this	this	DET
easat-5557	115	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	115	7	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	115	8	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-5557	115	9	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	115	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	115	11	world	world	NOUN
easat-5557	115	12	bank	bank	PROPN
easat-5557	115	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	116	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	116	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	116	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	116	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	116	5	gathered	gather	VERB
easat-5557	116	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	116	7	begins	begin	VERB
easat-5557	116	8	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	116	9	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-5557	116	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	116	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	116	12	followed	follow	VERB
easat-5557	116	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	116	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	116	15	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	116	16	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-5557	116	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	116	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	116	19	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-5557	116	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	116	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	116	22	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-5557	116	23	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-5557	116	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	117	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-5557	117	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	118	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5557	118	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5557	118	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	118	4	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-5557	118	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	118	6	provided	provide	VERB
easat-5557	118	7	deliver	deliver	VERB
easat-5557	118	8	a	a	DET
easat-5557	118	9	detailed	detailed	ADJ
easat-5557	118	10	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-5557	118	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	118	12	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5557	118	13	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	118	14	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-5557	118	15	derived	derive	VERB
easat-5557	118	16	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	118	17	a	a	DET
easat-5557	118	18	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	118	19	comprising	comprise	VERB
easat-5557	118	20	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	118	21	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	118	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	119	2	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	119	3	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	119	4	question	question	NOUN
easat-5557	119	5	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	6	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	119	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	8	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	119	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	10	gdp	gdp	PROPN
easat-5557	119	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	12	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	119	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	119	15	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	119	16	—	—	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	17	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	119	18	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5557	119	19	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	119	20	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-5557	119	21	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	119	22	vitality	vitality	NOUN
easat-5557	119	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	24	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	119	25	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	119	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	119	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	119	28	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-5557	119	29	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-5557	119	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	120	1	analyzing	analyze	VERB
easat-5557	120	2	these	these	DET
easat-5557	120	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	120	4	reveals	reveal	VERB
easat-5557	120	5	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	120	6	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-5557	120	7	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	120	8	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	120	9	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-5557	120	10	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	120	11	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	120	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	120	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	121	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	121	2	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	121	3	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	121	4	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	121	5	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	121	6	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	121	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	121	8	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	121	9	an	an	DET
easat-5557	121	10	average	average	NOUN
easat-5557	121	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	121	12	48,770	48,770	NUM
easat-5557	121	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	122	1	a	a	DET
easat-5557	122	2	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	122	3	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	122	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	122	5	29,791	29,791	NUM
easat-5557	122	6	points	point	NOUN
easat-5557	122	7	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	122	8	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	122	9	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5557	122	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	122	11	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	122	12	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	122	13	throughout	throughout	ADP
easat-5557	122	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	122	15	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	122	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	123	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	123	2	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-5557	123	3	recorded	record	VERB
easat-5557	123	4	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	123	5	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	123	6	1,125	1,125	NUM
easat-5557	123	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	123	8	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	123	9	signifies	signify	VERB
easat-5557	123	10	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-5557	123	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	123	12	notably	notably	ADV
easat-5557	123	13	low	low	ADJ
easat-5557	123	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	123	15	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	123	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	123	17	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	123	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	123	19	highest	high	ADJ
easat-5557	123	20	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	123	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	123	22	109,134	109,134	NUM
easat-5557	123	23	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-5557	123	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	123	25	existence	existence	NOUN
easat-5557	123	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	123	27	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	123	28	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	123	29	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	123	30	outliers	outlier	NOUN
easat-5557	123	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	124	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	124	2	broad	broad	ADJ
easat-5557	124	3	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
easat-5557	124	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	124	5	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	124	6	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	124	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	124	8	disparities	disparity	NOUN
easat-5557	124	9	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	124	10	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	124	11	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	124	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	124	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	124	14	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-5557	124	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	124	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	124	17	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-5557	124	18	among	among	ADP
easat-5557	124	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	124	20	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	124	21	observed	observe	VERB
easat-5557	124	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	124	23	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	124	24	some	some	PRON
easat-5557	124	25	experiencing	experience	VERB
easat-5557	124	26	markedly	markedly	ADV
easat-5557	124	27	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5557	124	28	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	124	29	lower	low	ADJ
easat-5557	124	30	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	124	31	than	than	ADP
easat-5557	124	32	the	the	DET
easat-5557	124	33	average	average	NOUN
easat-5557	124	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	125	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	125	2	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	125	3	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	125	4	presents	present	VERB
easat-5557	125	5	an	an	DET
easat-5557	125	6	average	average	NOUN
easat-5557	125	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	125	8	29.42	29.42	NUM
easat-5557	125	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	125	10	accompanied	accompany	VERB
easat-5557	125	11	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	125	12	a	a	DET
easat-5557	125	13	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	125	14	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	125	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	125	16	12.64	12.64	NUM
easat-5557	125	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	125	18	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	125	19	a	a	DET
easat-5557	125	20	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-5557	125	21	dispersion	dispersion	NOUN
easat-5557	125	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	125	23	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	125	24	points	point	NOUN
easat-5557	125	25	around	around	ADP
easat-5557	125	26	the	the	DET
easat-5557	125	27	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-5557	125	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	126	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	126	2	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-5557	126	3	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	126	4	stands	stand	VERB
easat-5557	126	5	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	126	6	10.77	10.77	NUM
easat-5557	126	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	126	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	126	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	126	10	maximum	maximum	NOUN
easat-5557	126	11	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	126	12	47.95	47.95	NUM
easat-5557	126	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	126	14	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	126	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	126	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	126	17	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	126	18	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	126	19	this	this	DET
easat-5557	126	20	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	126	21	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5557	126	22	less	less	ADJ
easat-5557	126	23	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-5557	126	24	compared	compare	VERB
easat-5557	126	25	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	126	26	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	126	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	126	28	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	126	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	127	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	127	2	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5557	127	3	confined	confine	VERB
easat-5557	127	4	range	range	NOUN
easat-5557	127	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	127	6	lower	low	ADJ
easat-5557	127	7	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	127	8	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	127	9	imply	imply	VERB
easat-5557	127	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	127	11	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-5557	127	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	127	13	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
easat-5557	127	14	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	127	15	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	127	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	127	17	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	127	18	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	127	19	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	127	20	uniform	uniform	ADJ
easat-5557	127	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	127	22	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	127	23	fewer	few	ADJ
easat-5557	127	24	extreme	extreme	ADJ
easat-5557	127	25	deviations	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	127	26	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	127	27	the	the	DET
easat-5557	127	28	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-5557	127	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	128	1	1443	1443	NUM
easat-5557	128	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	128	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	128	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	128	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	128	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	128	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	128	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	128	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	128	10	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	128	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	128	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	128	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	129	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	129	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	129	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	130	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	130	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	130	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	130	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	130	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	130	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	130	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	130	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	130	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	130	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	130	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	130	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	130	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	130	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	130	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	130	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	131	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	131	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5557	131	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	131	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-5557	131	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	131	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	132	1	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-5557	132	2	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	132	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	133	1	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-5557	133	2	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	133	3	mean	mean	VERB
easat-5557	133	4	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	133	5	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	133	6	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-5557	133	7	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-5557	133	8	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	133	9	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	133	10	48770	48770	NUM
easat-5557	133	11	29791	29791	NUM
easat-5557	133	12	1125	1125	NUM
easat-5557	133	13	109134	109134	NUM
easat-5557	133	14	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	133	15	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	133	16	29.42	29.42	NUM
easat-5557	133	17	12.64	12.64	NUM
easat-5557	133	18	10.77	10.77	NUM
easat-5557	133	19	47.95	47.95	NUM
easat-5557	133	20	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	133	21	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	133	22	220648	220648	NUM
easat-5557	133	23	130446	130446	NUM
easat-5557	133	24	7265	7265	NUM
easat-5557	133	25	374215	374215	NUM
easat-5557	133	26	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	133	27	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	133	28	19657	19657	NUM
easat-5557	133	29	25601	25601	NUM
easat-5557	133	30	-4947	-4947	NOUN
easat-5557	133	31	105293	105293	NUM
easat-5557	133	32	fx	fx	ADP
easat-5557	133	33	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	133	34	2701	2701	NUM
easat-5557	133	35	4556	4556	NUM
easat-5557	133	36	1.25	1.25	NUM
easat-5557	133	37	14582	14582	NUM
easat-5557	133	38	the	the	DET
easat-5557	133	39	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	133	40	representing	represent	VERB
easat-5557	133	41	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	133	42	has	have	VERB
easat-5557	133	43	an	an	DET
easat-5557	133	44	average	average	ADJ
easat-5557	133	45	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	133	46	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	133	47	220,648	220,648	NUM
easat-5557	133	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	133	49	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	133	50	a	a	DET
easat-5557	133	51	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	133	52	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	133	53	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	133	54	among	among	ADP
easat-5557	133	55	the	the	DET
easat-5557	133	56	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	133	57	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-5557	133	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	134	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-5557	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	134	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	134	4	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	134	5	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	134	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	134	7	130,446	130,446	NUM
easat-5557	134	8	reveals	reveal	VERB
easat-5557	134	9	a	a	DET
easat-5557	134	10	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	134	11	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	134	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	134	13	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-5557	134	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	134	15	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	134	16	figures	figure	NOUN
easat-5557	134	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	134	18	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	134	19	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-5557	134	20	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	134	21	deviating	deviate	VERB
easat-5557	134	22	markedly	markedly	ADV
easat-5557	134	23	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	134	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	134	25	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-5557	134	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	135	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	135	2	minimum	minimum	PROPN
easat-5557	135	3	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	135	4	recorded	record	VERB
easat-5557	135	5	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	135	6	7,265	7,265	NUM
easat-5557	135	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	135	8	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	135	9	starkly	starkly	ADV
easat-5557	135	10	contrasts	contrast	VERB
easat-5557	135	11	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	135	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	135	13	maximum	maximum	PROPN
easat-5557	135	14	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	135	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	135	16	374,215	374,215	NUM
easat-5557	135	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	135	18	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
easat-5557	135	19	a	a	DET
easat-5557	135	20	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	135	21	disparity	disparity	NOUN
easat-5557	135	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	135	23	the	the	DET
easat-5557	135	24	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	135	25	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-5557	135	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	135	27	the	the	DET
easat-5557	135	28	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	135	29	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	135	30	the	the	DET
easat-5557	135	31	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	135	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	136	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	136	2	broad	broad	ADJ
easat-5557	136	3	range	range	NOUN
easat-5557	136	4	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	136	5	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	136	6	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	136	7	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-5557	136	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	136	9	coexistence	coexistence	NOUN
easat-5557	136	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	136	11	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5557	136	12	smaller	small	ADJ
easat-5557	136	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	136	14	larger	large	ADJ
easat-5557	136	15	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	136	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	136	17	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	136	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	136	19	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-5557	136	20	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	136	21	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5557	136	22	present	present	ADJ
easat-5557	136	23	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	136	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	136	25	regions	region	NOUN
easat-5557	136	26	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	136	27	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	136	28	examined	examine	VERB
easat-5557	136	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	137	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	137	2	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	137	3	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	137	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	137	5	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	137	6	has	have	VERB
easat-5557	137	7	an	an	DET
easat-5557	137	8	average	average	ADJ
easat-5557	137	9	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	137	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	137	11	19,657	19,657	NUM
easat-5557	137	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	137	13	exhibits	exhibit	VERB
easat-5557	137	14	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-5557	137	15	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-5557	137	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	137	17	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	137	18	evidenced	evidence	VERB
easat-5557	137	19	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	137	20	a	a	DET
easat-5557	137	21	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	137	22	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	137	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	137	24	25,601	25,601	NUM
easat-5557	137	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	138	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	138	2	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-5557	138	3	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	138	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	138	5	-4,947	-4,947	PROPN
easat-5557	138	6	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	138	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	138	8	some	some	DET
easat-5557	138	9	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	138	10	experienced	experience	VERB
easat-5557	138	11	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	138	12	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	138	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	138	14	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	138	15	a	a	DET
easat-5557	138	16	net	net	ADJ
easat-5557	138	17	outflow	outflow	NOUN
easat-5557	138	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	138	19	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	138	20	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5557	138	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	139	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-5557	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	139	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	139	4	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-5557	139	5	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	139	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	139	7	105,293	105,293	NUM
easat-5557	139	8	reflects	reflect	VERB
easat-5557	139	9	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-5557	139	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	139	11	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	139	12	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	139	13	investments	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	139	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	140	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	140	2	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-5557	140	3	range	range	NOUN
easat-5557	140	4	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	140	5	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	140	6	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	140	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	140	8	along	along	ADP
easat-5557	140	9	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	140	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	140	11	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-5557	140	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	140	13	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	140	14	figures	figure	NOUN
easat-5557	140	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	140	16	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	140	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	140	18	varying	vary	VERB
easat-5557	140	19	levels	level	NOUN
easat-5557	140	20	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	140	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	140	22	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	140	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	140	24	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5557	140	25	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-5557	140	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	140	27	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	140	28	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-5557	140	29	regions	region	NOUN
easat-5557	140	30	benefiting	benefit	VERB
easat-5557	140	31	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	140	32	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	140	33	inflows	inflow	NOUN
easat-5557	140	34	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	140	35	others	other	NOUN
easat-5557	140	36	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	140	37	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	140	38	experiencing	experience	VERB
easat-5557	140	39	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5557	140	40	flight	flight	NOUN
easat-5557	140	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	141	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	141	2	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	141	3	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	141	4	has	have	VERB
easat-5557	141	5	an	an	DET
easat-5557	141	6	average	average	ADJ
easat-5557	141	7	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	141	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	141	9	2,701	2,701	NUM
easat-5557	141	10	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	141	11	however	however	ADV
easat-5557	141	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	141	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	141	14	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-5557	141	15	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-5557	141	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	141	17	4,556	4,556	NUM
easat-5557	141	18	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	141	19	a	a	DET
easat-5557	141	20	high	high	ADJ
easat-5557	141	21	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-5557	141	22	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	141	23	volatility	volatility	NOUN
easat-5557	141	24	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	141	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	141	26	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	141	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	141	28	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	141	29	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	141	30	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	141	31	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	141	32	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	141	33	widely	widely	ADV
easat-5557	141	34	dispersed	disperse	VERB
easat-5557	141	35	around	around	ADP
easat-5557	141	36	the	the	DET
easat-5557	141	37	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-5557	141	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	142	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	142	2	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-5557	142	3	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	142	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	142	5	1.25	1.25	NUM
easat-5557	142	6	points	point	NOUN
easat-5557	142	7	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	142	8	instances	instance	NOUN
easat-5557	142	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	142	10	very	very	ADV
easat-5557	142	11	low	low	ADJ
easat-5557	142	12	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	142	13	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	142	14	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	142	15	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	142	16	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	142	17	reserves	reserve	NOUN
easat-5557	142	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	142	19	some	some	DET
easat-5557	142	20	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	142	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	142	22	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	142	23	the	the	DET
easat-5557	142	24	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-5557	142	25	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	142	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	142	27	14,582	14,582	NUM
easat-5557	142	28	reveals	reveal	VERB
easat-5557	142	29	extreme	extreme	ADJ
easat-5557	142	30	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	142	31	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	142	32	the	the	DET
easat-5557	142	33	upper	upper	ADJ
easat-5557	142	34	end	end	NOUN
easat-5557	142	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	143	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	143	2	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	143	3	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-5557	143	4	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	143	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	143	6	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-5557	143	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	143	8	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-5557	143	9	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	143	10	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-5557	143	11	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	143	12	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5557	143	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	143	14	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-5557	143	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	143	16	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	143	17	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	143	18	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5557	143	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	143	20	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-5557	143	21	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-5557	143	22	varying	vary	VERB
easat-5557	143	23	degrees	degree	NOUN
easat-5557	143	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	143	25	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	143	26	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-5557	143	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	143	28	differing	differ	VERB
easat-5557	143	29	monetary	monetary	ADJ
easat-5557	143	30	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	143	31	among	among	ADP
easat-5557	143	32	the	the	DET
easat-5557	143	33	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	143	34	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-5557	143	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	144	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	144	2	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-5557	144	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	144	4	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	144	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	144	6	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	144	7	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-5557	144	8	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	144	9	considerable	considerable	ADJ
easat-5557	144	10	diversity	diversity	NOUN
easat-5557	144	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	144	12	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-5557	144	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	144	14	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	144	15	each	each	PRON
easat-5557	144	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	144	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	144	18	five	five	NUM
easat-5557	144	19	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	144	20	exhibiting	exhibit	VERB
easat-5557	144	21	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-5557	144	22	traits	trait	NOUN
easat-5557	144	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	145	1	both	both	PRON
easat-5557	145	2	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	145	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	145	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	145	5	display	display	NOUN
easat-5557	145	6	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-5557	145	7	dispersion	dispersion	NOUN
easat-5557	145	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	145	9	especially	especially	ADV
easat-5557	145	10	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	145	11	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	145	12	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-5557	145	13	extremes	extreme	NOUN
easat-5557	145	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	145	15	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	145	16	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	145	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	145	18	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	145	19	represented	represent	VERB
easat-5557	145	20	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-5557	145	21	a	a	DET
easat-5557	145	22	range	range	NOUN
easat-5557	145	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	145	24	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	145	25	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	145	26	differing	differing	ADJ
easat-5557	145	27	degrees	degree	NOUN
easat-5557	145	28	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	145	29	wealth	wealth	NOUN
easat-5557	145	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	145	31	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	145	32	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-5557	145	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	146	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	146	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-5557	146	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	146	4	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	146	5	appears	appear	VERB
easat-5557	146	6	to	to	PART
easat-5557	146	7	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	146	8	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5557	146	9	stable	stable	ADJ
easat-5557	146	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	146	11	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	146	12	a	a	DET
easat-5557	146	13	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	146	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	146	15	consistency	consistency	NOUN
easat-5557	146	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	146	17	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-5557	146	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	146	19	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	146	20	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	146	21	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-5557	146	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	147	1	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	147	2	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	147	3	marked	mark	VERB
easat-5557	147	4	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	147	5	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	147	6	volatility	volatility	NOUN
easat-5557	147	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	147	8	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-5557	147	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	147	10	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-5557	147	11	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-5557	147	12	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	147	13	capital	capital	NOUN
easat-5557	147	14	inflows	inflow	NOUN
easat-5557	147	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	147	16	outflows	outflow	NOUN
easat-5557	147	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	147	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	147	19	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	147	20	shows	show	VERB
easat-5557	147	21	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
easat-5557	147	22	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5557	147	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	147	24	likely	likely	ADV
easat-5557	147	25	influenced	influence	VERB
easat-5557	147	26	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	147	27	varying	vary	VERB
easat-5557	147	28	degrees	degree	NOUN
easat-5557	147	29	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	147	30	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	147	31	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	147	32	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-5557	147	33	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	147	34	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-5557	147	35	reserves	reserve	NOUN
easat-5557	147	36	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	147	37	the	the	DET
easat-5557	147	38	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-5557	147	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	148	1	collectively	collectively	ADV
easat-5557	148	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	148	3	these	these	DET
easat-5557	148	4	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-5557	148	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	148	6	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
easat-5557	148	7	a	a	DET
easat-5557	148	8	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	148	9	rich	rich	ADJ
easat-5557	148	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	148	11	diversity	diversity	NOUN
easat-5557	148	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	148	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5557	148	14	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-5557	148	15	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	148	16	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	148	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	148	18	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	148	19	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	148	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	148	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	148	22	currency	currency	NOUN
easat-5557	148	23	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-5557	148	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	149	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	149	2	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-5557	149	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	149	4	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-5557	149	5	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	149	6	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
easat-5557	149	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	149	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	149	9	policymaking	policymaking	NOUN
easat-5557	149	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	149	11	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	149	12	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	149	13	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-5557	149	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	149	15	heterogeneous	heterogeneous	ADJ
easat-5557	149	16	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-5557	149	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	149	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	149	19	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	149	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	149	21	the	the	DET
easat-5557	149	22	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-5557	149	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	149	24	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	149	25	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5557	149	26	each	each	PRON
easat-5557	149	27	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	149	28	encounter	encounter	VERB
easat-5557	149	29	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	149	30	the	the	DET
easat-5557	149	31	realms	realm	NOUN
easat-5557	149	32	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	149	33	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	149	34	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	149	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	149	36	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	149	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	149	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	149	39	international	international	ADJ
easat-5557	149	40	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	149	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	150	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-5557	150	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	150	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	150	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	150	5	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-5557	150	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	151	1	variable	variable	PROPN
easat-5557	151	2	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	151	3	gdp	gdp	PROPN
easat-5557	151	4	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	151	5	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	151	6	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	151	7	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	151	8	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	151	9	-0.016	-0.016	ADP
easat-5557	151	10	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	151	11	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	151	12	-0.729	-0.729	PUNCT
easat-5557	151	13	0.305	0.305	NUM
easat-5557	151	14	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	151	15	fx	fx	NOUN
easat-5557	151	16	-0.361	-0.361	NOUN
easat-5557	151	17	-0.742	-0.742	PUNCT
easat-5557	151	18	-0.109	-0.109	NUM
easat-5557	151	19	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	151	20	1444	1444	NUM
easat-5557	151	21	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	151	22	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	151	23	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	151	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	151	25	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	151	26	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	151	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	151	28	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	151	29	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	151	30	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	151	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	151	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	152	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	152	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	152	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	153	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	153	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	153	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	153	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	153	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	153	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	153	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	153	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	153	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	153	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	153	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	153	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	153	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	153	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	153	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5557	153	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-5557	153	20	the	the	DET
easat-5557	153	21	provided	provide	VERB
easat-5557	153	22	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	153	23	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-5557	153	24	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-5557	153	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	153	26	interrelationships	interrelationship	NOUN
easat-5557	153	27	among	among	ADP
easat-5557	153	28	four	four	NUM
easat-5557	153	29	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	153	30	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	153	31	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	153	32	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	33	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	153	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	35	gdp	gdp	PROPN
easat-5557	153	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	37	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	153	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	153	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	153	40	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	153	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	154	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	154	2	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	154	3	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	154	4	derived	derive	VERB
easat-5557	154	5	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	154	6	this	this	DET
easat-5557	154	7	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-5557	154	8	shed	shed	VERB
easat-5557	154	9	light	light	NOUN
easat-5557	154	10	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	154	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	154	12	linear	linear	PROPN
easat-5557	154	13	associations	association	NOUN
easat-5557	154	14	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	154	15	these	these	DET
easat-5557	154	16	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	154	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	154	18	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-5557	154	19	an	an	DET
easat-5557	154	20	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-5557	154	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	154	22	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-5557	154	23	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-5557	154	24	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	154	25	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	154	26	multicollinearity	multicollinearity	NOUN
easat-5557	154	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	154	28	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	154	29	occurs	occur	VERB
easat-5557	154	30	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5557	154	31	two	two	NUM
easat-5557	154	32	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	154	33	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	154	34	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-5557	154	35	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	154	36	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	154	37	a	a	DET
easat-5557	154	38	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-5557	154	39	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	154	40	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5557	154	41	high	high	ADJ
easat-5557	154	42	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	154	43	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	154	44	one	one	NUM
easat-5557	154	45	another	another	DET
easat-5557	154	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	155	1	a	a	DET
easat-5557	155	2	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-5557	155	3	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
easat-5557	155	4	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	155	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	155	6	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	155	7	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-5557	155	8	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	155	9	presented	present	VERB
easat-5557	155	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	155	11	along	along	ADP
easat-5557	155	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	155	13	an	an	DET
easat-5557	155	14	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-5557	155	15	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	155	16	multicollinearity	multicollinearity	NOUN
easat-5557	155	17	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-5557	155	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	156	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	156	2	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	156	3	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	156	4	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	156	5	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	156	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	156	7	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	156	8	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	156	9	-0.016	-0.016	PROPN
easat-5557	156	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	156	11	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	156	12	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	156	13	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5557	156	14	negligible	negligible	ADJ
easat-5557	156	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	156	16	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	156	17	an	an	DET
easat-5557	156	18	absence	absence	NOUN
easat-5557	156	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	156	20	a	a	DET
easat-5557	156	21	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	156	22	linear	linear	NOUN
easat-5557	156	23	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	156	24	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	156	25	these	these	DET
easat-5557	156	26	two	two	NUM
easat-5557	156	27	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	156	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	157	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	157	2	implies	imply	VERB
easat-5557	157	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	157	4	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-5557	157	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	157	6	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	157	7	do	do	AUX
easat-5557	157	8	not	not	PART
easat-5557	157	9	substantially	substantially	ADV
easat-5557	157	10	influence	influence	VERB
easat-5557	157	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	157	12	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	157	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	157	14	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	157	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	157	16	nor	nor	CCONJ
easat-5557	157	17	does	do	VERB
easat-5557	157	18	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	157	19	impact	impact	VERB
easat-5557	157	20	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	157	21	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	157	22	this	this	DET
easat-5557	157	23	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	157	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	158	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	158	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-5557	158	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	158	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	158	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	158	6	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	158	7	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	158	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	158	9	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	158	10	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	158	11	-0.729	-0.729	VERB
easat-5557	158	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	158	13	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-5557	158	14	a	a	DET
easat-5557	158	15	moderately	moderately	ADV
easat-5557	158	16	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	158	17	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	158	18	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	158	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	159	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-5557	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	159	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	159	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	159	5	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	159	6	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	159	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	159	8	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	159	9	stands	stand	VERB
easat-5557	159	10	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	159	11	-0.361	-0.361	NOUN
easat-5557	159	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	159	13	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	159	14	a	a	DET
easat-5557	159	15	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-5557	159	16	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	159	17	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	159	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	160	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	160	2	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	160	3	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	160	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	160	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	160	6	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	160	7	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	160	8	0.305	0.305	NUM
easat-5557	160	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	160	10	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	160	11	a	a	DET
easat-5557	160	12	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-5557	160	13	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	160	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	160	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	160	16	while	while	SCONJ
easat-5557	160	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	160	18	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	160	19	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	160	20	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	160	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	160	22	fx	fx	NOUN
easat-5557	160	23	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	160	24	-0.742	-0.742	NUM
easat-5557	160	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	160	26	denoting	denote	VERB
easat-5557	160	27	a	a	DET
easat-5557	160	28	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	160	29	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	160	30	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	160	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	161	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
easat-5557	161	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	161	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	161	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	161	5	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	161	6	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	161	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	161	8	fx	fx	NOUN
easat-5557	161	9	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	161	10	-0.109	-0.109	VERB
easat-5557	161	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	161	12	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	161	13	points	point	VERB
easat-5557	161	14	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	161	15	a	a	DET
easat-5557	161	16	very	very	ADV
easat-5557	161	17	weak	weak	ADJ
easat-5557	161	18	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	161	19	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	161	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	161	21	suggesting	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	161	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	161	23	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	161	24	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5557	161	25	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	161	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	161	27	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	161	28	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	161	29	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	161	30	do	do	AUX
easat-5557	161	31	not	not	PART
easat-5557	161	32	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-5557	161	33	a	a	DET
easat-5557	161	34	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	161	35	linear	linear	NOUN
easat-5557	161	36	association	association	NOUN
easat-5557	161	37	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	161	38	this	this	DET
easat-5557	161	39	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-5557	161	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-5557	162	2	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	162	3	.	.	X
easat-5557	162	4	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	162	5	data	data	PROPN
easat-5557	162	6	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	162	7	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	162	8	ols	ols	PROPN
easat-5557	162	9	re	re	PROPN
easat-5557	162	10	fe	fe	X
easat-5557	162	11	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	162	12	956.33	956.33	NUM
easat-5557	162	13	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	14	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	15	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	16	956.33	956.33	NUM
easat-5557	162	17	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	18	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	19	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	20	1026.97	1026.97	NUM
easat-5557	162	21	*	*	NOUN
easat-5557	162	22	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	23	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	25	3.92	3.92	NUM
easat-5557	162	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	28	3.92	3.92	NUM
easat-5557	162	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	31	4.07	4.07	X
easat-5557	162	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	33	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	162	34	0.285	0.285	NUM
easat-5557	162	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	36	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	37	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	38	0.285	0.285	NUM
easat-5557	162	39	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	40	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	41	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	42	0.299	0.299	NUM
easat-5557	162	43	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	44	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	45	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	46	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	47	14.57	14.57	NUM
easat-5557	162	48	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	49	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	50	14.57	14.57	NUM
easat-5557	162	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	52	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	53	14.48	14.48	NUM
easat-5557	162	54	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	55	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	162	56	0.238	0.238	NUM
easat-5557	162	57	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	58	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	59	0.238	0.238	NUM
easat-5557	162	60	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	61	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	62	0.264	0.264	NOUN
easat-5557	162	63	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	64	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	65	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	66	2.23	2.23	NUM
easat-5557	162	67	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	68	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	69	2.23	2.23	NUM
easat-5557	162	70	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	71	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	72	2.39	2.39	NUM
easat-5557	162	73	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	74	fx	fx	ADP
easat-5557	162	75	10.47	10.47	NUM
easat-5557	162	76	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	77	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	78	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	79	10.48	10.48	NUM
easat-5557	162	80	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	81	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	82	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	83	10.96	10.96	NUM
easat-5557	162	84	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	85	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	86	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	87	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	88	15.73	15.73	NUM
easat-5557	162	89	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	90	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	91	15.73	15.73	NUM
easat-5557	162	92	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	93	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	94	15.56	15.56	NUM
easat-5557	162	95	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	96	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-5557	162	97	-75131	-75131	NOUN
easat-5557	162	98	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	99	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	100	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	101	-75131	-75131	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	102	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	103	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	104	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	105	-82374	-82374	PROPN
easat-5557	162	106	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	107	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	108	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	109	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	110	-5.98	-5.98	NUM
easat-5557	162	111	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	112	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	113	-5.98	-5.98	X
easat-5557	162	114	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	115	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	116	-6.24	-6.24	INTJ
easat-5557	162	117	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	118	f(4	f(4	PROPN
easat-5557	162	119	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	120	61	61	NUM
easat-5557	162	121	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	122	=	=	SYM
easat-5557	162	123	81.10	81.10	NUM
easat-5557	162	124	wald	wald	X
easat-5557	162	125	chi2(4	chi2(4	PROPN
easat-5557	162	126	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	127	=	=	PROPN
easat-5557	162	128	324.40	324.40	NUM
easat-5557	162	129	f(4	f(4	PROPN
easat-5557	162	130	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	131	51	51	NUM
easat-5557	162	132	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	162	133	=	=	SYM
easat-5557	162	134	78.79	78.79	NUM
easat-5557	162	135	prob	prob	NOUN
easat-5557	162	136	>	>	X
easat-5557	162	137	f	f	PROPN
easat-5557	163	1	=	=	SYM
easat-5557	163	2	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5557	163	3	prob	prob	NOUN
easat-5557	163	4	>	>	X
easat-5557	163	5	chi2	chi2	PROPN
easat-5557	163	6	=	=	X
easat-5557	163	7	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5557	163	8	prob	prob	NOUN
easat-5557	163	9	>	>	X
easat-5557	163	10	f	f	PROPN
easat-5557	164	1	=	=	SYM
easat-5557	164	2	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5557	164	3	observations	observation	NOUN
easat-5557	164	4	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	164	5	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	164	6	66	66	NUM
easat-5557	164	7	groups	group	NOUN
easat-5557	164	8	6	6	NUM
easat-5557	164	9	6	6	NUM
easat-5557	164	10	6	6	NUM
easat-5557	164	11	r	r	NOUN
easat-5557	164	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	164	13	squared	square	VERB
easat-5557	164	14	0.8417	0.8417	NUM
easat-5557	164	15	0.8605	0.8605	NUM
easat-5557	164	16	0.8415	0.8415	NUM
easat-5557	164	17	hausman	hausman	ADJ
easat-5557	164	18	test	test	NOUN
easat-5557	164	19	chi2(3	chi2(3	PROPN
easat-5557	164	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	164	21	=	=	SYM
easat-5557	164	22	5.24	5.24	NUM
easat-5557	164	23	prob	prob	NOUN
easat-5557	164	24	>	>	X
easat-5557	164	25	chi2	chi2	PROPN
easat-5557	164	26	=	=	PROPN
easat-5557	165	1	0.155	0.155	NUM
easat-5557	165	2	note	note	NOUN
easat-5557	165	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	165	5	asterisk	asterisk	NOUN
easat-5557	165	6	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	7	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	8	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	10	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	11	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	13	*	*	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	14	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	165	15	statically	statically	ADV
easat-5557	165	16	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	165	17	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	165	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	165	19	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	165	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	165	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	22	5	5	NUM
easat-5557	165	23	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	165	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	25	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	165	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	165	27	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	165	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	165	29	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-5557	165	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	166	1	t	t	PROPN
easat-5557	166	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	166	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	166	4	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	166	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	166	6	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
easat-5557	166	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	167	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	167	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-5557	167	3	you	you	PRON
easat-5557	167	4	provided	provide	VERB
easat-5557	167	5	show	show	VERB
easat-5557	167	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	167	7	output	output	NOUN
easat-5557	167	8	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	167	9	three	three	NUM
easat-5557	167	10	different	different	ADJ
easat-5557	167	11	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	167	12	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	167	13	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	167	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	167	15	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	167	16	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	167	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	167	18	re	re	ADP
easat-5557	167	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	167	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	167	21	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	167	22	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	167	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	168	2	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
easat-5557	168	3	will	will	AUX
easat-5557	168	4	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	168	5	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5557	168	6	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	168	7	referring	refer	VERB
easat-5557	168	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	168	9	each	each	PRON
easat-5557	168	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	168	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	168	12	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	168	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	168	15	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	168	16	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	168	17	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	168	18	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	168	19	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	168	20	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	168	21	the	the	DET
easat-5557	168	22	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	168	23	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	168	24	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	168	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	168	27	the	the	DET
easat-5557	168	28	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-5557	168	29	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	168	30	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	168	31	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-5557	168	32	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	168	33	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	168	34	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	168	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	168	36	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	168	37	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	168	38	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	39	956.33	956.33	NUM
easat-5557	168	40	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	42	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	168	43	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5557	168	44	higher	high	ADJ
easat-5557	168	45	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	168	46	the	the	DET
easat-5557	168	47	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	168	48	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	168	49	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	50	1026.97	1026.97	NUM
easat-5557	168	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	168	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	169	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	169	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	169	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	169	4	a	a	DET
easat-5557	169	5	unit	unit	NOUN
easat-5557	169	6	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-5557	169	7	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	169	8	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	169	9	leads	lead	VERB
easat-5557	169	10	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	169	11	a	a	DET
easat-5557	169	12	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	169	13	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-5557	169	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	169	15	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	169	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	169	17	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	169	18	a	a	DET
easat-5557	169	19	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5557	169	20	stronger	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	169	21	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	169	22	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5557	169	23	using	use	VERB
easat-5557	169	24	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	169	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	170	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	170	2	result	result	NOUN
easat-5557	170	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	170	4	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-5557	170	5	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	170	6	different	different	ADJ
easat-5557	170	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	170	8	specifications	specification	NOUN
easat-5557	170	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	171	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	171	2	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	171	3	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	171	4	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	171	5	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	171	6	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	171	7	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	171	8	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	171	9	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	171	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	171	11	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	171	12	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	171	13	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	171	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	171	15	all	all	DET
easat-5557	171	16	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	171	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	171	18	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	171	19	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	171	20	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	171	21	has	have	VERB
easat-5557	171	22	a	a	DET
easat-5557	171	23	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	171	24	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	171	25	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	171	26	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	171	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	172	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	172	2	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	172	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	172	4	very	very	ADV
easat-5557	172	5	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-5557	172	6	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	172	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	172	8	pooled	pooled	ADJ
easat-5557	172	9	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	172	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	172	11	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	172	12	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	172	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	172	14	0.285	0.285	NUM
easat-5557	172	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	172	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	172	17	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	172	18	a	a	DET
easat-5557	172	19	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5557	172	20	stronger	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	172	21	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	172	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	172	23	the	the	DET
easat-5557	172	24	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	172	25	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	172	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	172	27	0.299	0.299	NUM
easat-5557	172	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	172	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	173	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	173	2	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	173	3	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	173	4	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	173	5	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	173	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	173	7	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	173	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	173	9	5	5	NUM
easat-5557	173	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	173	11	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	173	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	173	13	showing	show	VERB
easat-5557	173	14	a	a	DET
easat-5557	173	15	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	173	16	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	173	17	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	173	18	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	173	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	174	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	174	2	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	174	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	174	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-5557	174	5	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	174	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	174	7	pooled	pooled	ADJ
easat-5557	174	8	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	174	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	174	10	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	174	11	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	174	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	174	13	0.238	0.238	NUM
easat-5557	174	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	174	15	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	174	16	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5557	174	17	stronger	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	174	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	174	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	174	20	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	174	21	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	174	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	174	23	0.264	0.264	NOUN
easat-5557	174	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	174	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	175	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	175	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	175	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	175	4	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	175	5	has	have	VERB
easat-5557	175	6	a	a	DET
easat-5557	175	7	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	175	8	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	175	9	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-5557	175	10	modest	modest	ADJ
easat-5557	175	11	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5557	175	12	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	175	13	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	175	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	176	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	176	2	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	176	3	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	176	4	shows	show	VERB
easat-5557	176	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	176	6	strongest	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	176	7	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	176	8	among	among	ADP
easat-5557	176	9	all	all	DET
easat-5557	176	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	176	11	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	176	12	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	176	13	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
easat-5557	176	14	ranging	range	VERB
easat-5557	176	15	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	176	16	10.47	10.47	NUM
easat-5557	176	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	176	18	10.96	10.96	NUM
easat-5557	176	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	176	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	176	21	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	176	22	highly	highly	ADV
easat-5557	176	23	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	176	24	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	176	25	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	176	26	the	the	DET
easat-5557	176	27	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	176	28	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	176	29	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	176	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	177	1	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	177	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	177	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	177	4	changes	change	NOUN
easat-5557	177	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	177	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	177	7	1445	1445	NUM
easat-5557	177	8	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	177	9	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	177	10	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	177	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	177	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	177	13	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	177	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	177	15	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	177	16	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	177	17	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	177	18	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	177	19	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	178	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	178	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	178	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	179	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	179	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	179	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	179	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	179	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	179	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	179	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	179	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	179	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	179	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	179	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	179	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	179	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	179	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	179	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	179	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	179	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	179	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5557	179	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-5557	179	20	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	179	21	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-5557	179	22	have	have	VERB
easat-5557	179	23	a	a	DET
easat-5557	179	24	large	large	ADJ
easat-5557	179	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	179	26	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	179	27	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	179	28	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	179	29	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	179	30	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	179	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	180	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	180	2	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	180	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	180	4	almost	almost	ADV
easat-5557	180	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	180	6	same	same	ADJ
easat-5557	180	7	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	180	8	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	180	9	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	180	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	180	11	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	180	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	180	13	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	180	14	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5557	180	15	stronger	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	180	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	180	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	180	18	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	180	19	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	180	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	181	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	181	2	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-5557	181	3	term	term	NOUN
easat-5557	181	4	represents	represent	VERB
easat-5557	181	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	181	6	intercept	intercept	NOUN
easat-5557	181	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	181	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	181	9	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	181	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	181	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	181	12	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	181	13	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	181	14	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	181	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	181	16	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	181	17	%	%	NOUN
easat-5557	181	18	level	level	NOUN
easat-5557	181	19	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	181	20	all	all	DET
easat-5557	181	21	three	three	NUM
easat-5557	181	22	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	181	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	182	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	182	2	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-5557	182	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	182	4	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	182	5	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	182	6	all	all	DET
easat-5557	182	7	cases	case	NOUN
easat-5557	182	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	183	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	183	2	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-5557	183	3	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	183	4	very	very	ADV
easat-5557	183	5	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-5557	183	6	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	183	7	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	183	8	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	183	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	183	10	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	183	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	183	12	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	183	13	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	183	14	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-5557	183	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	183	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	183	17	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	183	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	183	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	184	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	184	2	f	f	NOUN
easat-5557	184	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	184	4	statistic	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	184	5	measures	measure	VERB
easat-5557	184	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	184	7	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5557	184	8	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-5557	184	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	184	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	184	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	184	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	1	a	a	DET
easat-5557	185	2	high	high	ADJ
easat-5557	185	3	f	f	NOUN
easat-5557	185	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	5	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	185	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	7	81.10	81.10	NUM
easat-5557	185	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	185	10	a	a	DET
easat-5557	185	11	very	very	ADV
easat-5557	185	12	low	low	ADJ
easat-5557	185	13	p	p	NOUN
easat-5557	185	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	15	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	185	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	17	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5557	185	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	19	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	185	20	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	185	21	the	the	DET
easat-5557	185	22	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-5557	185	23	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	185	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	25	taken	take	VERB
easat-5557	185	26	together	together	ADV
easat-5557	185	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	185	28	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5557	185	29	explain	explain	VERB
easat-5557	185	30	the	the	DET
easat-5557	185	31	variation	variation	NOUN
easat-5557	185	32	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	185	33	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	185	34	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	185	35	the	the	DET
easat-5557	185	36	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	185	37	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	185	38	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	185	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	186	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	186	2	wald	wald	PROPN
easat-5557	186	3	chi	chi	PROPN
easat-5557	186	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	186	5	squared	square	VERB
easat-5557	186	6	statistic	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	186	7	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	186	8	used	use	VERB
easat-5557	186	9	to	to	PART
easat-5557	186	10	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5557	186	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	186	12	goodness	goodness	NOUN
easat-5557	186	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	186	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	186	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	186	16	fit	fit	NOUN
easat-5557	186	17	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	186	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	186	19	re	re	PROPN
easat-5557	186	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	186	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	187	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	187	2	result	result	NOUN
easat-5557	187	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	187	4	324.40	324.40	NUM
easat-5557	187	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	187	6	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	187	7	a	a	DET
easat-5557	187	8	p	p	NOUN
easat-5557	187	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	187	10	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	187	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	187	12	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5557	187	13	shows	show	VERB
easat-5557	187	14	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	187	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	187	16	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-5557	187	17	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	187	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	187	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	187	20	re	re	PROPN
easat-5557	187	21	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	187	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-5557	187	23	explain	explain	VERB
easat-5557	187	24	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	187	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	188	1	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	188	2	the	the	DET
easat-5557	188	3	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	188	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	188	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	188	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	188	7	f	f	NOUN
easat-5557	188	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	188	9	statistic	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	188	10	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	188	11	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	188	12	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	188	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	188	14	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	188	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	188	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	188	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	188	18	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	188	19	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	188	20	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	188	21	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	188	22	a	a	DET
easat-5557	188	23	p	p	NOUN
easat-5557	188	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	188	25	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	188	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	188	27	0.000	0.000	NUM
easat-5557	188	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	189	1	r	r	X
easat-5557	189	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	189	3	squared	square	VERB
easat-5557	189	4	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	189	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	189	6	how	how	SCONJ
easat-5557	189	7	well	well	ADV
easat-5557	189	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	189	9	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	189	10	explains	explain	VERB
easat-5557	189	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	189	12	variation	variation	NOUN
easat-5557	189	13	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	189	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	189	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	190	2	this	this	DET
easat-5557	190	3	case	case	NOUN
easat-5557	190	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	5	all	all	DET
easat-5557	190	6	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	190	7	have	have	VERB
easat-5557	190	8	high	high	ADJ
easat-5557	190	9	r	r	NOUN
easat-5557	190	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	11	squared	square	VERB
easat-5557	190	12	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	190	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	14	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	190	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	190	16	re	re	PROPN
easat-5557	190	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	190	18	explaining	explain	VERB
easat-5557	190	19	slightly	slightly	ADV
easat-5557	190	20	more	more	ADJ
easat-5557	190	21	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-5557	190	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	23	0.8605	0.8605	NUM
easat-5557	190	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	25	than	than	ADP
easat-5557	190	26	the	the	DET
easat-5557	190	27	pooled	pooled	ADJ
easat-5557	190	28	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	190	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	30	0.8417	0.8417	NUM
easat-5557	190	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	190	33	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	190	34	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	190	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	36	0.8415	0.8415	NUM
easat-5557	190	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	190	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	191	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	191	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-5557	191	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	191	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	191	5	hausman	hausman	ADJ
easat-5557	191	6	test	test	NOUN
easat-5557	191	7	helps	help	VERB
easat-5557	191	8	determine	determine	VERB
easat-5557	191	9	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-5557	191	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	191	11	fe	fe	PROPN
easat-5557	191	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	191	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	191	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	191	15	re	re	PROPN
easat-5557	191	16	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	191	17	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	191	18	more	more	ADV
easat-5557	191	19	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-5557	191	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	192	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	192	2	chi	chi	NOUN
easat-5557	192	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	192	4	squared	square	VERB
easat-5557	192	5	statistic	statistic	NOUN
easat-5557	192	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	192	7	5.24	5.24	NUM
easat-5557	192	8	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	192	9	a	a	DET
easat-5557	192	10	p	p	NOUN
easat-5557	192	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	192	12	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	192	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	192	14	0.155	0.155	NUM
easat-5557	192	15	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	192	16	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	192	17	there	there	PRON
easat-5557	192	18	is	be	VERB
easat-5557	192	19	no	no	DET
easat-5557	192	20	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	192	21	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-5557	192	22	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	192	23	the	the	DET
easat-5557	192	24	re	re	ADJ
easat-5557	192	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	192	26	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	192	27	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	192	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	193	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	193	2	nonsignificant	nonsignificant	ADJ
easat-5557	193	3	result	result	NOUN
easat-5557	193	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	193	5	p	p	NOUN
easat-5557	193	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	193	7	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	193	8	>	>	NOUN
easat-5557	193	9	0.05	0.05	NUM
easat-5557	193	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	193	11	means	mean	VERB
easat-5557	193	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	193	13	both	both	DET
easat-5557	193	14	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	193	15	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	193	16	equally	equally	ADV
easat-5557	193	17	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-5557	193	18	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	193	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	193	20	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	193	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	194	1	however	however	ADV
easat-5557	194	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	194	3	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5557	194	4	this	this	PRON
easat-5557	194	5	happens	happen	VERB
easat-5557	194	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	194	7	re	re	VERB
easat-5557	194	8	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	194	9	typically	typically	ADV
easat-5557	194	10	preferred	prefer	VERB
easat-5557	194	11	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	194	12	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	194	13	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-5557	194	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	194	15	since	since	SCONJ
easat-5557	194	16	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	194	17	uses	use	VERB
easat-5557	194	18	both	both	CCONJ
easat-5557	194	19	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	194	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	194	21	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	194	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	194	23	group	group	NOUN
easat-5557	194	24	variations	variation	NOUN
easat-5557	194	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	194	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	195	1	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	195	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	195	3	gdp	gdp	PROPN
easat-5557	195	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	195	5	fdi	fdi	PROPN
easat-5557	195	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	195	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	195	8	fx	fx	NOUN
easat-5557	195	9	all	all	PRON
easat-5557	195	10	show	show	VERB
easat-5557	195	11	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	195	12	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	195	13	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	195	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	195	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	196	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	196	2	fx	fx	PROPN
easat-5557	196	3	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	196	4	has	have	VERB
easat-5557	196	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	196	6	largest	large	ADJ
easat-5557	196	7	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	196	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	196	9	followed	follow	VERB
easat-5557	196	10	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	196	11	sde	sde	PROPN
easat-5557	196	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	196	13	gdp	gdp	NOUN
easat-5557	196	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	196	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	196	16	fdi	fdi	NOUN
easat-5557	196	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	197	1	all	all	DET
easat-5557	197	2	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	197	3	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	197	4	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-5557	197	5	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	197	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	197	7	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	197	8	high	high	ADJ
easat-5557	197	9	rsquared	rsquared	ADJ
easat-5557	197	10	values	value	NOUN
easat-5557	197	11	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	197	12	a	a	DET
easat-5557	197	13	good	good	ADJ
easat-5557	197	14	fit	fit	NOUN
easat-5557	197	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	198	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	198	2	hausman	hausman	PROPN
easat-5557	198	3	test	test	NOUN
easat-5557	198	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-5557	198	5	no	no	DET
easat-5557	198	6	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-5557	198	7	preference	preference	NOUN
easat-5557	198	8	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	198	9	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	198	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	198	11	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	198	12	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	198	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	198	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-5557	198	15	re	re	NOUN
easat-5557	198	16	might	might	AUX
easat-5557	198	17	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	198	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	198	19	preferred	preferred	ADJ
easat-5557	198	20	model	model	NOUN
easat-5557	198	21	due	due	ADP
easat-5557	198	22	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	198	23	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	198	24	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-5557	198	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	198	26	assuming	assume	VERB
easat-5557	198	27	no	no	DET
easat-5557	198	28	severe	severe	ADJ
easat-5557	198	29	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	198	30	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	198	31	the	the	DET
easat-5557	198	32	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-5557	198	33	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	198	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	198	35	the	the	DET
easat-5557	198	36	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
easat-5557	198	37	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	198	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	1	4	4	X
easat-5557	199	2	.	.	X
easat-5557	199	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-5557	199	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	199	5	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-5557	199	6	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	199	7	this	this	DET
easat-5557	199	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	199	9	was	be	AUX
easat-5557	199	10	to	to	PART
easat-5557	199	11	assess	assess	VERB
easat-5557	199	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	199	13	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	199	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	199	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	199	16	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	199	17	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	199	18	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	199	19	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	199	20	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	199	21	across	across	ADP
easat-5557	199	22	six	six	NUM
easat-5557	199	23	asean	asean	ADJ
easat-5557	199	24	member	member	NOUN
easat-5557	199	25	states	state	NOUN
easat-5557	199	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	27	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-5557	199	28	cambodia	cambodia	PROPN
easat-5557	199	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	30	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-5557	199	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	32	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-5557	199	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	34	the	the	DET
easat-5557	199	35	philippines	philippine	NOUN
easat-5557	199	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	37	singapore	singapore	PROPN
easat-5557	199	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	199	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	199	40	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-5557	199	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	200	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	200	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-5557	200	3	was	be	AUX
easat-5557	200	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-5557	200	5	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-5557	200	6	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-5557	200	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-5557	200	8	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	200	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	200	10	including	include	VERB
easat-5557	200	11	pooled	pool	VERB
easat-5557	200	12	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-5557	200	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	200	14	re	re	ADP
easat-5557	200	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	200	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	200	17	fe	fe	NOUN
easat-5557	200	18	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	200	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	201	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	201	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-5557	201	3	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	201	4	the	the	DET
easat-5557	201	5	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-5557	201	6	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	201	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	201	8	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-5557	201	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	201	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	201	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	201	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	201	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	201	14	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	201	15	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	201	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	201	17	three	three	NUM
easat-5557	201	18	control	control	NOUN
easat-5557	201	19	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	201	20	were	be	AUX
easat-5557	201	21	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
easat-5557	201	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	201	23	gross	gross	ADJ
easat-5557	201	24	domestic	domestic	ADJ
easat-5557	201	25	product	product	NOUN
easat-5557	201	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	201	27	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	201	28	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5557	201	29	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-5557	201	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	201	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	201	32	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-5557	201	33	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-5557	201	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	202	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	202	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5557	202	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-5557	202	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-5557	202	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	202	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	202	7	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	202	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-5557	202	9	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	202	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	202	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	202	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	202	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	202	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	202	15	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	202	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	202	17	as	as	ADV
easat-5557	202	18	well	well	ADV
easat-5557	202	19	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	202	20	among	among	ADP
easat-5557	202	21	the	the	DET
easat-5557	202	22	control	control	NOUN
easat-5557	202	23	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-5557	202	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	203	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	203	2	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-5557	203	3	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-5557	203	4	between	between	ADP
easat-5557	203	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	203	6	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	203	7	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	203	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	203	9	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	203	10	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	203	11	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	203	12	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	203	13	elucidated	elucidate	VERB
easat-5557	203	14	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	203	15	follows	follow	VERB
easat-5557	203	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	204	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	204	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	204	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	204	4	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	204	5	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-5557	204	6	perceived	perceive	VERB
easat-5557	204	7	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-5557	204	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	204	9	terms	term	NOUN
easat-5557	204	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	204	11	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	204	12	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	204	13	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	204	14	however	however	ADV
easat-5557	204	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	204	16	it	it	PRON
easat-5557	204	17	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	204	18	also	also	ADV
easat-5557	204	19	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-5557	204	20	positively	positively	ADV
easat-5557	204	21	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	204	22	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	204	23	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	204	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	204	25	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5557	204	26	when	when	SCONJ
easat-5557	204	27	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	204	28	implement	implement	VERB
easat-5557	204	29	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-5557	204	30	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	204	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	204	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	204	33	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-5557	204	34	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	204	35	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-5557	204	36	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	204	37	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	204	38	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	204	39	the	the	DET
easat-5557	204	40	larger	large	ADJ
easat-5557	204	41	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	204	42	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-5557	204	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	205	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	205	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	205	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	205	4	plays	play	VERB
easat-5557	205	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	205	6	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-5557	205	7	role	role	NOUN
easat-5557	205	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	205	9	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-5557	205	10	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	205	11	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	205	12	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	205	13	providing	provide	VERB
easat-5557	205	14	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5557	205	15	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5557	205	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	205	17	generating	generate	VERB
easat-5557	205	18	income	income	NOUN
easat-5557	205	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	206	1	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-5557	206	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5557	206	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	206	4	small	small	ADJ
easat-5557	206	5	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	206	6	operating	operate	VERB
easat-5557	206	7	within	within	ADP
easat-5557	206	8	this	this	DET
easat-5557	206	9	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	206	10	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	206	11	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5557	206	12	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	206	13	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	206	14	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	206	15	producing	produce	VERB
easat-5557	206	16	goods	good	NOUN
easat-5557	206	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	206	18	services	service	NOUN
easat-5557	206	19	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	206	20	cater	cater	VERB
easat-5557	206	21	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	206	22	local	local	ADJ
easat-5557	206	23	community	community	NOUN
easat-5557	206	24	needs	need	NOUN
easat-5557	206	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	207	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-5557	207	2	these	these	DET
easat-5557	207	3	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-5557	207	4	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	207	5	not	not	PART
easat-5557	207	6	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	207	7	subject	subject	ADJ
easat-5557	207	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	207	9	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	207	10	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	207	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	207	12	outset	outset	NOUN
easat-5557	207	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	207	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	207	15	rising	rise	VERB
easat-5557	207	16	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-5557	207	17	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	207	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	207	19	goods	good	NOUN
easat-5557	207	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	207	21	services	service	NOUN
easat-5557	207	22	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	207	23	eventually	eventually	ADV
easat-5557	207	24	result	result	VERB
easat-5557	207	25	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	207	26	increased	increase	VERB
easat-5557	207	27	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	207	28	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	207	29	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	207	30	these	these	DET
easat-5557	207	31	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5557	207	32	expand	expand	VERB
easat-5557	207	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	207	34	gain	gain	VERB
easat-5557	207	35	visibility	visibility	NOUN
easat-5557	207	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	208	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	208	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	208	3	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	208	4	develop	develop	VERB
easat-5557	208	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	208	6	they	they	PRON
easat-5557	208	7	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	208	8	transition	transition	VERB
easat-5557	208	9	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	208	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	208	11	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	208	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	208	14	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-5557	208	15	them	they	PRON
easat-5557	208	16	to	to	PART
easat-5557	208	17	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	208	18	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-5557	208	19	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	208	20	the	the	DET
easat-5557	208	21	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	208	22	system	system	NOUN
easat-5557	208	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	208	24	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5557	208	25	broadening	broaden	VERB
easat-5557	208	26	the	the	DET
easat-5557	208	27	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	208	28	base	base	NOUN
easat-5557	208	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	209	1	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	209	2	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5557	209	3	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-5557	209	4	allocate	allocate	VERB
easat-5557	209	5	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	209	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
easat-5557	209	7	towards	towards	ADP
easat-5557	209	8	various	various	ADJ
easat-5557	209	9	goods	good	NOUN
easat-5557	209	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	209	11	services	service	NOUN
easat-5557	209	12	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	209	13	incur	incur	VERB
easat-5557	209	14	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-5557	209	15	taxes	taxis	NOUN
easat-5557	209	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	209	17	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-5557	209	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	209	19	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-5557	209	20	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	209	21	they	they	PRON
easat-5557	209	22	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	209	23	not	not	PART
easat-5557	209	24	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-5557	209	25	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	209	26	income	income	NOUN
easat-5557	209	27	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	209	28	directly	directly	ADV
easat-5557	209	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	1	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	210	2	instance	instance	NOUN
easat-5557	210	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	4	these	these	DET
easat-5557	210	5	workers	worker	NOUN
easat-5557	210	6	typically	typically	ADV
easat-5557	210	7	buy	buy	VERB
easat-5557	210	8	necessities	necessity	NOUN
easat-5557	210	9	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	210	10	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	210	11	food	food	NOUN
easat-5557	210	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	210	13	clothing	clothing	NOUN
easat-5557	210	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	15	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	210	16	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	210	17	subject	subject	ADJ
easat-5557	210	18	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	210	19	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-5557	210	20	taxes	taxis	NOUN
easat-5557	210	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	22	including	include	VERB
easat-5557	210	23	value	value	NOUN
easat-5557	210	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	25	added	add	VERB
easat-5557	210	26	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	210	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	28	vat	vat	NOUN
easat-5557	210	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	210	30	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	210	31	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-5557	210	32	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	210	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	211	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-5557	211	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	211	3	this	this	DET
easat-5557	211	4	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-5557	211	5	generates	generate	VERB
easat-5557	211	6	a	a	DET
easat-5557	211	7	form	form	NOUN
easat-5557	211	8	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	211	9	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-5557	211	10	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	211	11	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	211	12	governments	government	NOUN
easat-5557	211	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	211	14	even	even	ADV
easat-5557	211	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	211	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	211	17	absence	absence	NOUN
easat-5557	211	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	211	19	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-5557	211	20	income	income	NOUN
easat-5557	211	21	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	211	22	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-5557	211	23	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	211	24	these	these	DET
easat-5557	211	25	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5557	211	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	212	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	212	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	212	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	212	4	plays	play	VERB
easat-5557	212	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	212	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	212	7	role	role	NOUN
easat-5557	212	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	212	9	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-5557	212	10	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-5557	212	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	212	12	entrepreneurship	entrepreneurship	NOUN
easat-5557	212	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	213	1	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-5557	213	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	213	3	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	213	4	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	213	5	established	establish	VERB
easat-5557	213	6	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	213	7	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5557	213	8	who	who	PRON
easat-5557	213	9	identify	identify	VERB
easat-5557	213	10	market	market	NOUN
easat-5557	213	11	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-5557	213	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	213	13	unexploited	unexploited	ADJ
easat-5557	213	14	1446	1446	NUM
easat-5557	213	15	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	213	16	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	213	17	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	213	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	213	19	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	213	20	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	213	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	213	22	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	213	23	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	213	24	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	213	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	213	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	214	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	214	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	214	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	214	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	215	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	215	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	215	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	215	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	215	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	215	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	215	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	215	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	215	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	215	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	215	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	215	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	215	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	215	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	215	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	215	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	216	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	216	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-5557	216	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	216	4	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5557	216	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	217	1	these	these	DET
easat-5557	217	2	small	small	ADJ
easat-5557	217	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	217	4	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-5557	217	5	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5557	217	6	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-5557	217	7	result	result	VERB
easat-5557	217	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	217	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	217	10	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-5557	217	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	217	12	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-5557	217	13	products	product	NOUN
easat-5557	217	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	217	15	services	service	NOUN
easat-5557	217	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	217	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	217	18	business	business	NOUN
easat-5557	217	19	models	model	NOUN
easat-5557	217	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	217	21	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	217	22	may	may	AUX
easat-5557	217	23	later	later	ADV
easat-5557	217	24	transition	transition	VERB
easat-5557	217	25	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	217	26	the	the	DET
easat-5557	217	27	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	217	28	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	217	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	217	30	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-5557	217	31	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	217	32	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5557	217	33	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	217	34	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	217	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	218	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	218	2	these	these	DET
easat-5557	218	3	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	218	4	formalize	formalize	VERB
easat-5557	218	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	218	6	they	they	PRON
easat-5557	218	7	become	become	VERB
easat-5557	218	8	liable	liable	ADJ
easat-5557	218	9	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	218	10	corporate	corporate	ADJ
easat-5557	218	11	taxes	taxis	NOUN
easat-5557	218	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	218	13	which	which	PRON
easat-5557	218	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	218	15	turn	turn	NOUN
easat-5557	218	16	increases	increase	VERB
easat-5557	218	17	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	218	18	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	218	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	219	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	219	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	219	3	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	219	4	plays	play	VERB
easat-5557	219	5	a	a	DET
easat-5557	219	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-5557	219	7	role	role	NOUN
easat-5557	219	8	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	219	9	diversifying	diversify	VERB
easat-5557	219	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	219	11	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-5557	219	12	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	219	13	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-5557	219	14	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	219	15	offering	offer	VERB
easat-5557	219	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-5557	219	17	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	219	18	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-5557	219	19	who	who	PRON
easat-5557	219	20	might	might	AUX
easat-5557	219	21	be	be	AUX
easat-5557	219	22	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
easat-5557	219	23	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	219	24	the	the	DET
easat-5557	219	25	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	219	26	employment	employment	NOUN
easat-5557	219	27	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	219	28	due	due	ADP
easat-5557	219	29	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	219	30	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-5557	219	31	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	219	32	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	219	33	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-5557	219	34	education	education	NOUN
easat-5557	219	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	219	36	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-5557	219	37	access	access	NOUN
easat-5557	219	38	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	219	39	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	219	40	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-5557	219	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	219	42	or	or	CCONJ
easat-5557	219	43	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-5557	219	44	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	219	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	220	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	220	2	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	220	3	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	220	4	expand	expand	VERB
easat-5557	220	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	220	6	make	make	VERB
easat-5557	220	7	contributions	contribution	NOUN
easat-5557	220	8	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	220	9	local	local	ADJ
easat-5557	220	10	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	220	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	220	12	they	they	PRON
easat-5557	220	13	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-5557	220	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	220	15	prospects	prospect	NOUN
easat-5557	220	16	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	220	17	future	future	ADJ
easat-5557	220	18	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	220	19	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	220	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	220	21	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-5557	220	22	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	220	23	these	these	DET
easat-5557	220	24	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5557	220	25	evolve	evolve	VERB
easat-5557	220	26	into	into	ADP
easat-5557	220	27	more	more	ADJ
easat-5557	220	28	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-5557	220	29	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-5557	220	30	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	220	31	are	be	AUX
easat-5557	220	32	better	well	ADV
easat-5557	220	33	equipped	equip	VERB
easat-5557	220	34	to	to	PART
easat-5557	220	35	meet	meet	VERB
easat-5557	220	36	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	220	37	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-5557	220	38	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-5557	220	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	221	1	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	221	2	various	various	ADJ
easat-5557	221	3	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-5557	221	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	221	5	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-5557	221	6	have	have	AUX
easat-5557	221	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-5557	221	8	enacted	enact	VERB
easat-5557	221	9	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-5557	221	10	that	that	PRON
easat-5557	221	11	motivate	motivate	VERB
easat-5557	221	12	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	221	13	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-5557	221	14	to	to	PART
easat-5557	221	15	willingly	willingly	ADV
easat-5557	221	16	register	register	VERB
easat-5557	221	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	221	18	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
easat-5557	221	19	their	their	PRON
easat-5557	221	20	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	221	21	obligations	obligation	NOUN
easat-5557	221	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	222	1	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-5557	222	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-5557	222	3	as	as	ADP
easat-5557	222	4	streamlined	streamlined	ADJ
easat-5557	222	5	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	222	6	systems	system	NOUN
easat-5557	222	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	222	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-5557	222	9	programs	program	NOUN
easat-5557	222	10	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	222	11	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	222	12	management	management	NOUN
easat-5557	222	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	222	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	222	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	222	16	provision	provision	NOUN
easat-5557	222	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	222	18	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-5557	222	19	payment	payment	NOUN
easat-5557	222	20	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-5557	222	21	have	have	AUX
easat-5557	222	22	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
easat-5557	222	23	the	the	DET
easat-5557	222	24	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-5557	222	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	222	26	small	small	ADJ
easat-5557	222	27	businesses	business	NOUN
easat-5557	222	28	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	222	29	the	the	DET
easat-5557	222	30	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	222	31	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	222	32	to	to	ADP
easat-5557	222	33	the	the	DET
easat-5557	222	34	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	222	35	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	222	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	222	37	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-5557	222	38	broadening	broaden	VERB
easat-5557	222	39	the	the	DET
easat-5557	222	40	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	222	41	base	base	NOUN
easat-5557	222	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	223	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-5557	223	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	223	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	223	4	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	223	5	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-5557	223	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	223	7	the	the	DET
easat-5557	223	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-5557	223	9	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	223	10	an	an	DET
easat-5557	223	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-5557	223	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	223	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-5557	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	223	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	223	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-5557	223	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-5557	223	18	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	223	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	223	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	223	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	223	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	223	23	no	no	DET
easat-5557	223	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-5557	223	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-5557	223	26	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	223	27	the	the	DET
easat-5557	223	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	223	29	have	have	AUX
easat-5557	223	30	been	be	AUX
easat-5557	223	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-5557	223	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	223	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	223	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-5557	223	35	any	any	DET
easat-5557	223	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-5557	223	37	from	from	ADP
easat-5557	223	38	the	the	DET
easat-5557	223	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	223	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-5557	223	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-5557	223	42	have	have	AUX
easat-5557	223	43	been	be	AUX
easat-5557	223	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-5557	223	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	224	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	224	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-5557	224	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-5557	224	4	all	all	DET
easat-5557	224	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-5557	224	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-5557	224	7	during	during	ADP
easat-5557	224	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-5557	224	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	225	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-5557	225	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	225	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	225	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	225	5	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	225	6	the	the	DET
easat-5557	225	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-5557	225	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	226	1	this	this	DET
easat-5557	226	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-5557	226	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	226	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-5557	226	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-5557	226	6	is	be	AUX
easat-5557	226	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-5557	226	8	under	under	ADP
easat-5557	226	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	226	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-5557	226	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	226	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-5557	226	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	226	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	226	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-5557	226	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-5557	226	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-5557	226	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	226	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-5557	226	20	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	226	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	226	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-5557	226	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	226	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-5557	226	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	226	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-5557	227	2	[	[	X
easat-5557	227	3	1	1	X
easat-5557	227	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	227	6	smit	smit	PROPN
easat-5557	227	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	227	8	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-5557	227	9	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-5557	227	10	musango	musango	PROPN
easat-5557	227	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	13	towards	towards	ADP
easat-5557	227	14	connecting	connect	VERB
easat-5557	227	15	green	green	ADJ
easat-5557	227	16	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	227	17	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	227	18	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	227	19	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	227	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	227	21	south	south	PROPN
easat-5557	227	22	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-5557	227	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	24	a	a	DET
easat-5557	227	25	review	review	NOUN
easat-5557	227	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	227	27	way	way	ADV
easat-5557	227	28	forward	forward	ADV
easat-5557	227	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	31	ecological	ecological	ADJ
easat-5557	227	32	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5557	227	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	227	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	227	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	228	1	116	116	NUM
easat-5557	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	228	3	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	228	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	229	1	154	154	NUM
easat-5557	229	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	229	3	159	159	NUM
easat-5557	229	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	229	5	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5557	229	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	230	2	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	230	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	230	4	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5557	230	5	benjamin	benjamin	PROPN
easat-5557	230	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	7	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-5557	230	8	beegle	beegle	PROPN
easat-5557	230	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	10	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	230	11	recanatini	recanatini	PROPN
easat-5557	230	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	230	14	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5557	230	15	santini	santini	NOUN
easat-5557	230	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	18	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	230	19	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	230	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	230	21	the	the	DET
easat-5557	230	22	world	world	PROPN
easat-5557	230	23	bank	bank	PROPN
easat-5557	230	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	26	world	world	NOUN
easat-5557	230	27	bank	bank	NOUN
easat-5557	230	28	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	230	29	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	230	30	working	working	NOUN
easat-5557	230	31	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-5557	230	32	no	no	NOUN
easat-5557	230	33	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	230	34	6888	6888	NUM
easat-5557	230	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	230	36	2014	2014	NUM
easat-5557	230	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	231	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	231	2	3	3	X
easat-5557	231	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	231	4	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	231	5	ohnsorge	ohnsorge	PROPN
easat-5557	231	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	231	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	231	8	yu	yu	PROPN
easat-5557	231	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	231	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	231	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	231	12	long	long	ADJ
easat-5557	231	13	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	231	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	231	15	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	231	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	231	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	231	18	world	world	PROPN
easat-5557	231	19	bank	bank	PROPN
easat-5557	231	20	group	group	NOUN
easat-5557	231	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	231	22	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5557	231	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	232	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	232	2	4	4	X
easat-5557	232	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	232	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-5557	232	5	bank	bank	PROPN
easat-5557	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	232	7	rising	rise	VERB
easat-5557	232	8	through	through	ADP
easat-5557	232	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	232	10	cities	city	NOUN
easat-5557	232	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	232	12	ghana	ghana	PROPN
easat-5557	232	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	232	14	ghana	ghana	PROPN
easat-5557	232	15	urbanization	urbanization	PROPN
easat-5557	232	16	review	review	PROPN
easat-5557	232	17	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-5557	232	18	report	report	NOUN
easat-5557	232	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	233	1	washington	washington	PROPN
easat-5557	233	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	233	3	dc	dc	PROPN
easat-5557	233	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	233	5	world	world	PROPN
easat-5557	233	6	bank	bank	PROPN
easat-5557	233	7	group	group	NOUN
easat-5557	233	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	233	9	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5557	233	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	234	2	5	5	NUM
easat-5557	234	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	234	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5557	234	6	dzienis	dzieni	NOUN
easat-5557	234	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	9	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	234	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	234	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-5557	234	12	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	234	13	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-5557	234	14	change	change	NOUN
easat-5557	234	15	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	234	16	asean-5	asean-5	NUM
easat-5557	234	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	234	18	decent	decent	ADJ
easat-5557	234	19	work	work	NOUN
easat-5557	234	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	234	21	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	234	22	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	234	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	25	cham	cham	PROPN
easat-5557	234	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	27	springer	springer	NOUN
easat-5557	234	28	international	international	ADJ
easat-5557	234	29	publishing	publishing	NOUN
easat-5557	234	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	31	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5557	234	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	234	33	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	234	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	235	1	275	275	NUM
easat-5557	235	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	235	3	287	287	NUM
easat-5557	235	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	236	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	236	2	6	6	NUM
easat-5557	236	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	236	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	236	5	chongvilaivan	chongvilaivan	NOUN
easat-5557	236	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	236	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	236	8	chooi	chooi	PROPN
easat-5557	236	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	236	10	a	a	DET
easat-5557	236	11	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-5557	236	12	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-5557	236	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	236	14	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	236	15	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-5557	236	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	236	17	southeast	southeast	PROPN
easat-5557	236	18	asia	asia	PROPN
easat-5557	236	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	237	1	asian	asian	PROPN
easat-5557	237	2	development	development	PROPN
easat-5557	237	3	bank	bank	PROPN
easat-5557	237	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	237	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5557	237	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	238	2	7	7	NUM
easat-5557	238	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	238	5	joshi	joshi	PROPN
easat-5557	238	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	7	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-5557	238	8	prichard	prichard	PROPN
easat-5557	238	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	238	11	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5557	238	12	heady	heady	PROPN
easat-5557	238	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	15	taxing	tax	VERB
easat-5557	238	16	the	the	DET
easat-5557	238	17	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	238	18	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	238	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	20	the	the	DET
easat-5557	238	21	current	current	ADJ
easat-5557	238	22	state	state	NOUN
easat-5557	238	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	238	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-5557	238	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	238	26	agendas	agenda	NOUN
easat-5557	238	27	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	238	28	future	future	ADJ
easat-5557	238	29	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	238	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	32	the	the	DET
easat-5557	238	33	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	238	34	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	238	35	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	238	36	studies	study	NOUN
easat-5557	238	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	238	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	238	40	50	50	NUM
easat-5557	238	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	42	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	238	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	238	44	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	238	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	46	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	238	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	48	1325	1325	NUM
easat-5557	238	49	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	238	50	1347	1347	NUM
easat-5557	238	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	52	2014	2014	NUM
easat-5557	238	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	238	54	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	X
easat-5557	239	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	239	2	8	8	NUM
easat-5557	239	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	239	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	239	5	van	van	PROPN
easat-5557	239	6	nguyen	nguyen	PROPN
easat-5557	239	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	239	8	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5557	239	9	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5557	239	10	vo	vo	PROPN
easat-5557	239	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	239	12	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-5557	239	13	p.-k	p.-k	PROPN
easat-5557	239	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	1	tran	tran	PROPN
easat-5557	240	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	240	4	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5557	240	5	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-5557	240	6	tran	tran	PROPN
easat-5557	240	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	9	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	240	10	spending	spending	NOUN
easat-5557	240	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	240	12	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	240	13	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	240	14	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	240	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	240	16	asian	asian	ADJ
easat-5557	240	17	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	240	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	20	cogent	cogent	NOUN
easat-5557	240	21	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5557	240	22	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5557	240	23	finance	finance	PROPN
easat-5557	240	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	240	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	240	27	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	240	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	240	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	240	31	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	240	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	33	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	240	34	2101220	2101220	NUM
easat-5557	240	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	240	36	2022	2022	NUM
easat-5557	240	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	241	2	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	241	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	4	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	241	5	schneider	schneider	PROPN
easat-5557	241	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	241	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5557	241	8	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5557	241	9	enste	enste	PROPN
easat-5557	241	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	12	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	241	13	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	241	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	15	size	size	NOUN
easat-5557	241	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	17	causes	cause	NOUN
easat-5557	241	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	241	20	consequences	consequence	NOUN
easat-5557	241	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	23	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	241	24	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	241	25	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	241	26	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-5557	241	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	241	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	241	30	38	38	NUM
easat-5557	241	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	32	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	241	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	241	34	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	241	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	241	36	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	241	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	242	1	77	77	NUM
easat-5557	242	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	242	3	114	114	NUM
easat-5557	242	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	242	5	2000	2000	NUM
easat-5557	242	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	243	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	243	2	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	243	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	243	4	l.-l	l.-l	NOUN
easat-5557	243	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	244	1	albu	albu	PROPN
easat-5557	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	244	3	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	244	4	estimating	estimate	VERB
easat-5557	244	5	the	the	DET
easat-5557	244	6	size	size	NOUN
easat-5557	244	7	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	244	8	underground	underground	ADJ
easat-5557	244	9	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	244	10	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	244	11	romania	romania	PROPN
easat-5557	244	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	244	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	244	14	available	available	ADJ
easat-5557	244	15	at	at	ADP
easat-5557	244	16	ssrn	ssrn	NOUN
easat-5557	244	17	1569577	1569577	NUM
easat-5557	244	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	244	19	2004	2004	NUM
easat-5557	244	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	245	2	11	11	NUM
easat-5557	245	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5557	245	5	dell'anno	dell'anno	PROPN
easat-5557	245	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	8	the	the	DET
easat-5557	245	9	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	245	10	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	245	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	245	12	portugal	portugal	PROPN
easat-5557	245	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	14	an	an	DET
easat-5557	245	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	245	16	with	with	ADP
easat-5557	245	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	245	18	mimic	mimic	ADJ
easat-5557	245	19	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-5557	245	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	22	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	245	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	245	24	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	245	25	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5557	245	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	245	27	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	245	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	246	1	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	246	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	246	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	246	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	246	5	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	246	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	246	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	246	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	247	1	253	253	NUM
easat-5557	247	2	-	-	NUM
easat-5557	247	3	277	277	NUM
easat-5557	247	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	247	5	2007	2007	NUM
easat-5557	247	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	247	7	https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2007.12040490	https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2007.12040490	PUNCT
easat-5557	248	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	248	2	12	12	NUM
easat-5557	248	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	248	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5557	248	5	dell’anno	dell’anno	PROPN
easat-5557	248	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	248	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	248	8	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	248	9	davidescu	davidescu	PROPN
easat-5557	248	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	248	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	248	12	estimating	estimate	VERB
easat-5557	248	13	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	248	14	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	248	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	248	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	248	17	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	248	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	248	19	romania	romania	PROPN
easat-5557	248	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	1	a	a	DET
easat-5557	249	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-5557	249	3	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	249	4	different	different	ADJ
easat-5557	249	5	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-5557	249	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-5557	249	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	9	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	249	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	249	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	249	12	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	249	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	14	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	249	15	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	249	16	63	63	NUM
easat-5557	249	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	18	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	249	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	20	130	130	NUM
easat-5557	249	21	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	249	22	149	149	NUM
easat-5557	249	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	249	24	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5557	249	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	250	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.05.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.05.002	NOUN
easat-5557	251	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	251	2	13	13	NUM
easat-5557	251	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	251	4	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	251	5	schneider	schneider	PROPN
easat-5557	251	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	251	7	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5557	251	8	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5557	251	9	williams	williams	PROPN
easat-5557	251	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	251	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	251	12	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	251	13	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	251	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	252	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-5557	252	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	252	3	the	the	DET
easat-5557	252	4	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-5557	252	5	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	252	6	economic	economic	PROPN
easat-5557	252	7	affairs	affair	NOUN
easat-5557	252	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	252	9	2013	2013	NUM
easat-5557	252	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	253	2	14	14	NUM
easat-5557	253	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	253	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-5557	253	5	murat	murat	PROPN
easat-5557	253	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	8	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-5557	253	9	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	253	10	the	the	DET
easat-5557	253	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	253	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	253	13	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	253	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	253	15	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	253	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	253	17	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	253	18	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	253	19	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	253	20	kazakhstan	kazakhstan	PROPN
easat-5557	253	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	23	central	central	PROPN
easat-5557	253	24	asia	asia	PROPN
easat-5557	253	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	253	26	the	the	DET
easat-5557	253	27	caucasus	caucasus	NOUN
easat-5557	253	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	253	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	253	31	14	14	NUM
easat-5557	253	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	253	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	253	35	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	253	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	253	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	253	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	254	1	157	157	NUM
easat-5557	254	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	254	3	167	167	NUM
easat-5557	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	254	5	2013	2013	NUM
easat-5557	254	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	255	2	15	15	NUM
easat-5557	255	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	255	4	n.	n.	NOUN
easat-5557	255	5	baklouti	baklouti	PROPN
easat-5557	255	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	255	7	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5557	255	8	boujelbene	boujelbene	PROPN
easat-5557	255	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	255	12	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	255	13	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	255	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	15	inflation	inflation	NOUN
easat-5557	255	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	17	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	255	18	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	255	19	trilogy	trilogy	NOUN
easat-5557	255	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	21	developed	develop	VERB
easat-5557	255	22	versus	versus	ADP
easat-5557	255	23	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	255	24	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	255	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	27	international	international	ADJ
easat-5557	255	28	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	255	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	255	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	255	31	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5557	255	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	256	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	PROPN
easat-5557	257	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-5557	257	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	PROPN
easat-5557	257	3	https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2007.12040490	https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2007.12040490	VERB
easat-5557	257	4	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.05.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.05.002	NOUN
easat-5557	257	5	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940910	PROPN
easat-5557	257	6	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	257	7	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-5557	257	8	applied	apply	VERB
easat-5557	257	9	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	257	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	257	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-5557	257	12	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-5557	257	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	257	14	2576	2576	NUM
easat-5557	257	15	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	257	16	8484	8484	NUM
easat-5557	257	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	257	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	258	1	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	258	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	258	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	258	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	259	1	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	259	2	:	:	SYM
easat-5557	259	3	1439	1439	NUM
easat-5557	259	4	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	259	5	1447	1447	NUM
easat-5557	259	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	259	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	259	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-5557	259	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	259	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5557	NUM
easat-5557	259	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-5557	259	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-5557	259	13	by	by	ADP
easat-5557	259	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	259	15	author	author	NOUN
easat-5557	259	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-5557	259	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-5557	259	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-5557	259	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-5557	260	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	260	2	16	16	NUM
easat-5557	260	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	260	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-5557	260	5	zaman	zaman	PROPN
easat-5557	260	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	260	7	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-5557	260	8	goschin	goschin	PROPN
easat-5557	260	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	260	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	260	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	260	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	260	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	260	14	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	260	15	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	260	16	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	260	17	romania	romania	PROPN
easat-5557	260	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	261	1	cons	con	NOUN
easat-5557	261	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	261	3	pros	pro	NOUN
easat-5557	261	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	261	5	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	261	6	procedia	procedia	NOUN
easat-5557	261	7	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5557	261	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	261	9	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	261	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	261	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	261	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	261	13	22	22	NUM
easat-5557	261	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	261	15	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	261	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	262	1	80	80	NUM
easat-5557	262	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	262	3	87	87	NUM
easat-5557	262	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	262	5	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5557	262	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00229-4	https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00229-4	NOUN
easat-5557	263	2	[	[	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	3	17	17	NUM
easat-5557	263	4	]	]	X
easat-5557	263	5	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-5557	263	6	fuest	fuest	PROPN
easat-5557	263	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	263	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	263	9	schneider	schneider	PROPN
easat-5557	263	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	12	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	263	13	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	263	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	15	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	263	16	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
easat-5557	263	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	263	18	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	263	19	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	263	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	21	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-5557	263	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	24	international	international	ADJ
easat-5557	263	25	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	263	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	263	27	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	263	28	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	263	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	263	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	263	32	19	19	NUM
easat-5557	263	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	263	34	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	263	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	264	1	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	264	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	264	3	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	264	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	264	5	2012	2012	NUM
easat-5557	264	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	265	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9206-8	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9206-8	PRON
easat-5557	266	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	266	2	18	18	NUM
easat-5557	266	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	266	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5557	266	5	nchor	nchor	PROPN
easat-5557	266	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	8	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	266	9	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	266	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	266	11	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	266	12	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	266	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	14	the	the	DET
easat-5557	266	15	case	case	NOUN
easat-5557	266	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	266	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	266	18	czech	czech	PROPN
easat-5557	266	19	republic	republic	NOUN
easat-5557	266	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	21	poland	poland	PROPN
easat-5557	266	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	266	23	hungary	hungary	PROPN
easat-5557	266	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	26	society	society	NOUN
easat-5557	266	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	266	28	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	266	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	266	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	266	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	267	1	43	43	NUM
easat-5557	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	267	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	267	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	267	5	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	267	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	267	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	267	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	268	1	21	21	NUM
easat-5557	268	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	268	3	37	37	NUM
easat-5557	268	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	268	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5557	268	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	268	7	https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00029	https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00029	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	269	2	19	19	NUM
easat-5557	269	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	269	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	269	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	269	6	imam	imam	PROPN
easat-5557	269	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	269	8	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5557	269	9	jacobs	jacobs	PROPN
easat-5557	269	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	12	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	269	13	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	269	14	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	269	15	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	269	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	269	17	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	269	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	269	19	the	the	DET
easat-5557	269	20	middle	middle	PROPN
easat-5557	269	21	east	east	PROPN
easat-5557	269	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	24	review	review	NOUN
easat-5557	269	25	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	269	26	middle	middle	PROPN
easat-5557	269	27	east	east	PROPN
easat-5557	269	28	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5557	269	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	269	30	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	269	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	32	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	269	33	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	269	34	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	269	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	36	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	269	37	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	269	38	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	269	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	269	40	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	269	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	270	1	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	270	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	270	3	24	24	NUM
easat-5557	270	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	270	5	2014	2014	NUM
easat-5557	270	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	271	2	20	20	NUM
easat-5557	271	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	271	5	dreher	dreher	PROPN
easat-5557	271	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	271	7	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	271	8	schneider	schneider	PROPN
easat-5557	271	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	11	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-5557	271	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	271	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	271	14	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	271	15	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	271	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	17	an	an	DET
easat-5557	271	18	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-5557	271	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	271	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	22	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	271	23	choice	choice	NOUN
easat-5557	271	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	271	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	271	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	272	1	144	144	NUM
easat-5557	272	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	272	3	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	272	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	273	1	215	215	NUM
easat-5557	273	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	273	3	238	238	NUM
easat-5557	273	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	273	5	2010	2010	NUM
easat-5557	273	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	274	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9513-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9513-0	NUM
easat-5557	275	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	275	2	21	21	NUM
easat-5557	275	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	275	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-5557	275	5	ulyssea	ulyssea	PROPN
easat-5557	275	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	275	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	275	8	informality	informality	NOUN
easat-5557	275	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	275	10	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	275	11	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	275	12	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	275	13	asia	asia	NOUN
easat-5557	275	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	275	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	275	16	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5557	275	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	276	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	276	2	22	22	NUM
easat-5557	276	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	276	4	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-5557	276	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	276	6	mughal	mughal	PROPN
easat-5557	276	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	276	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	276	9	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-5557	276	10	schneider	schneider	PROPN
easat-5557	276	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	276	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	276	13	how	how	SCONJ
easat-5557	276	14	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	276	15	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	276	16	affects	affect	VERB
easat-5557	276	17	the	the	DET
easat-5557	276	18	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-5557	276	19	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	276	20	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	276	21	pakistan	pakistan	PROPN
easat-5557	276	22	?	?	PUNCT
easat-5557	277	1	a	a	DET
easat-5557	277	2	lesson	lesson	NOUN
easat-5557	277	3	for	for	ADP
easat-5557	277	4	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	277	5	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	277	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	277	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	277	8	south	south	ADJ
easat-5557	277	9	asian	asian	ADJ
easat-5557	277	10	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	277	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	277	12	macroeconomics	macroeconomic	NOUN
easat-5557	277	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	277	14	public	public	ADJ
easat-5557	277	15	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	277	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	277	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	277	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	277	19	9	9	NUM
easat-5557	277	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	277	21	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	277	22	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	277	23	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	277	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	277	25	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	277	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	278	1	7	7	NUM
easat-5557	278	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	278	3	21	21	NUM
easat-5557	278	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	278	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-5557	278	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	279	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/2277978719898975	https://doi.org/10.1177/2277978719898975	X
easat-5557	280	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	280	2	23	23	NUM
easat-5557	280	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	280	5	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5557	280	6	idris	idris	PROPN
easat-5557	280	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	8	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-5557	280	9	yusuf	yusuf	PROPN
easat-5557	280	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	11	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-5557	280	12	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-5557	280	13	ekundayo	ekundayo	PROPN
easat-5557	280	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	280	16	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-5557	280	17	abdulateef	abdulateef	PROPN
easat-5557	280	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	20	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	280	21	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	280	22	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	280	23	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	280	24	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	280	25	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	280	26	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	280	27	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	280	28	sub	sub	ADJ
easat-5557	280	29	-	-	ADJ
easat-5557	280	30	saharan	saharan	ADJ
easat-5557	280	31	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-5557	280	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	34	fudma	fudma	NOUN
easat-5557	280	35	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	280	36	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	280	37	accounting	accounting	NOUN
easat-5557	280	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	280	39	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	280	40	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	280	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	42	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	280	43	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	280	44	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	280	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	46	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	280	47	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	280	48	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	280	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	280	50	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	280	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	281	1	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	281	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	281	3	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	281	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	281	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5557	281	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	282	1	https://doi.org/10.33003/fujafr-2024.v2i4.130.1-10	https://doi.org/10.33003/fujafr-2024.v2i4.130.1-10	PRON
easat-5557	283	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	283	2	24	24	NUM
easat-5557	283	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	283	4	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-5557	283	5	kodila	kodila	PROPN
easat-5557	283	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	283	7	tedika	tedika	NOUN
easat-5557	283	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	283	9	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5557	283	10	mutascu	mutascu	NOUN
easat-5557	283	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	283	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	283	13	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	283	14	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	283	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	283	16	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	283	17	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	283	18	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	283	19	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-5557	283	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	284	1	munich	munich	PROPN
easat-5557	284	2	personal	personal	PROPN
easat-5557	284	3	repec	repec	PROPN
easat-5557	284	4	archive	archive	NOUN
easat-5557	284	5	50812	50812	NUM
easat-5557	284	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	284	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	284	8	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
easat-5557	284	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	284	10	https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50812/	https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50812/	NOUN
easat-5557	284	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	284	12	2013	2013	NUM
easat-5557	284	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	285	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	285	2	25	25	NUM
easat-5557	285	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	285	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-5557	285	5	boitano	boitano	PROPN
easat-5557	285	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	285	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5557	285	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	285	9	abanto	abanto	PROPN
easat-5557	285	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	285	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	285	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	285	13	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	285	14	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	285	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	285	16	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	285	17	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	285	18	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	285	19	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	285	20	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	285	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	285	22	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	285	23	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	285	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	1	the	the	DET
easat-5557	286	2	case	case	NOUN
easat-5557	286	3	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	286	4	peru	peru	PROPN
easat-5557	286	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	6	latin	latin	PROPN
easat-5557	286	7	america	america	PROPN
easat-5557	286	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	286	9	oecd	oecd	PROPN
easat-5557	286	10	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	286	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	12	1995–2016	1995–2016	NUM
easat-5557	286	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	16	360	360	NUM
easat-5557	286	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	18	revista	revista	PROPN
easat-5557	286	19	de	de	PROPN
easat-5557	286	20	ciencias	ciencias	PROPN
easat-5557	286	21	de	de	PROPN
easat-5557	286	22	la	la	PROPN
easat-5557	286	23	gestión	gestión	PROPN
easat-5557	286	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	286	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	286	27	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	286	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	29	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	286	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	31	128	128	NUM
easat-5557	286	32	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	286	33	157	157	NUM
easat-5557	286	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	286	35	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5557	286	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	287	1	http://doi.org/10.18800/360gestion.201904.005	http://doi.org/10.18800/360gestion.201904.005	VERB
easat-5557	288	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	288	2	26	26	NUM
easat-5557	288	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	288	5	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5557	288	6	ghazo	ghazo	PROPN
easat-5557	288	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	8	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-5557	288	9	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5557	288	10	qasrawi	qasrawi	PROPN
easat-5557	288	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	288	13	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-5557	288	14	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5557	288	15	abu	abu	PROPN
easat-5557	288	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	17	lila	lila	PROPN
easat-5557	288	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	20	an	an	DET
easat-5557	288	21	econometric	econometric	ADJ
easat-5557	288	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-5557	288	23	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	288	24	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	288	25	evasion	evasion	NOUN
easat-5557	288	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	288	27	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	288	28	consequences	consequence	NOUN
easat-5557	288	29	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	288	30	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	288	31	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-5557	288	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	34	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-5557	288	35	science	science	NOUN
easat-5557	288	36	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	288	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	288	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	288	40	5	5	NUM
easat-5557	288	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	42	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	288	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	288	44	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	288	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	288	46	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	288	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	289	1	211	211	NUM
easat-5557	289	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	289	3	220	220	NUM
easat-5557	289	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	289	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-5557	289	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	290	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj2021-01271	http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj2021-01271	NOUN
easat-5557	291	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	291	2	27	27	NUM
easat-5557	291	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	291	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-5557	291	6	gnangnon	gnangnon	PROPN
easat-5557	291	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	9	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-5557	291	10	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	291	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	291	12	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	291	13	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	291	14	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	291	15	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	291	16	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-5557	291	17	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	291	18	developing	develop	VERB
easat-5557	291	19	countries	country	NOUN
easat-5557	291	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	22	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	291	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	24	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	291	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	291	26	11	11	NUM
easat-5557	291	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	28	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	291	29	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	291	30	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	291	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	32	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	291	33	96	96	NUM
easat-5557	291	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	291	35	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5557	291	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	1	https://doi.org/10.3390/	https://doi.org/10.3390/	PROPN
easat-5557	292	2	[	[	X
easat-5557	292	3	28	28	NUM
easat-5557	292	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5557	292	6	vlachaki	vlachaki	NOUN
easat-5557	292	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	9	the	the	DET
easat-5557	292	10	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	292	11	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	292	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	292	13	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	292	14	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	292	15	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	292	16	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-5557	292	17	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	292	18	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	292	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	21	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-5557	292	22	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5557	292	23	politics	politic	NOUN
easat-5557	292	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	292	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	292	27	27	27	NUM
easat-5557	292	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	292	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	292	31	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	292	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	292	33	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	292	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	293	1	234	234	NUM
easat-5557	293	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	293	3	265	265	NUM
easat-5557	293	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	293	5	2015	2015	NUM
easat-5557	293	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	294	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12054	https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12054	ADJ
easat-5557	295	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	295	2	29	29	NUM
easat-5557	295	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	295	5	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	295	6	abou	abou	PROPN
easat-5557	295	7	ltaif	ltaif	PROPN
easat-5557	295	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	9	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	295	10	mihai	mihai	PROPN
easat-5557	295	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	12	yiannaki	yiannaki	PROPN
easat-5557	295	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	295	15	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	295	16	thrassou	thrassou	PROPN
easat-5557	295	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	19	lebanon	lebanon	PROPN
easat-5557	295	20	's	's	PART
easat-5557	295	21	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	295	22	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	295	23	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-5557	295	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	25	global	global	ADJ
easat-5557	295	26	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-5557	295	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	295	28	local	local	ADJ
easat-5557	295	29	realities	reality	NOUN
easat-5557	295	30	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	295	31	the	the	DET
easat-5557	295	32	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	295	33	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	295	34	amid	amid	ADP
easat-5557	295	35	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-5557	295	36	crisis	crisis	NOUN
easat-5557	295	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	39	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-5557	295	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	295	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	295	43	12	12	NUM
easat-5557	295	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	45	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	295	46	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	295	47	8	8	NUM
easat-5557	295	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	295	49	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5557	295	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	296	2	30	30	NUM
easat-5557	296	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	296	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5557	296	5	rogan	rogan	PROPN
easat-5557	296	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	8	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	296	9	justice	justice	NOUN
easat-5557	296	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	296	11	the	the	DET
easat-5557	296	12	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	296	13	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	296	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	15	a	a	DET
easat-5557	296	16	review	review	NOUN
easat-5557	296	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	296	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	296	19	debates	debate	NOUN
easat-5557	296	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	22	wiego	wiego	ADJ
easat-5557	296	23	working	working	NOUN
easat-5557	296	24	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-5557	296	25	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	296	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	296	27	41	41	NUM
easat-5557	296	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	296	29	2019	2019	NUM
easat-5557	296	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	297	2	31	31	NUM
easat-5557	297	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	297	5	hallunovi	hallunovi	PROPN
easat-5557	297	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	297	7	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5557	297	8	vangjel	vangjel	PROPN
easat-5557	297	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	11	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	297	12	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	297	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	297	14	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	297	15	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	297	16	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	297	17	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	297	18	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-5557	297	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	21	corporate	corporate	ADJ
easat-5557	297	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	297	23	business	business	NOUN
easat-5557	297	24	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	297	25	review	review	PROPN
easat-5557	297	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	27	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	297	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	297	29	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	297	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	31	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	297	32	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	297	33	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	297	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	35	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	297	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	37	186	186	NUM
easat-5557	297	38	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	297	39	194	194	NUM
easat-5557	297	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	297	41	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5557	297	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	298	1	https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i4art17	https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i4art17	NOUN
easat-5557	299	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	299	2	32	32	NUM
easat-5557	299	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-5557	299	5	awasthi	awasthi	PROPN
easat-5557	299	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	299	7	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-5557	299	8	engelschalk	engelschalk	NOUN
easat-5557	299	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	11	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	299	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	299	13	the	the	DET
easat-5557	299	14	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	299	15	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	299	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	17	how	how	SCONJ
easat-5557	299	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	299	19	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	299	20	system	system	NOUN
easat-5557	299	21	can	can	AUX
easat-5557	299	22	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
easat-5557	299	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	299	24	enforce	enforce	VERB
easat-5557	299	25	the	the	DET
easat-5557	299	26	formalization	formalization	NOUN
easat-5557	299	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	299	28	business	business	NOUN
easat-5557	299	29	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-5557	299	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	32	world	world	NOUN
easat-5557	299	33	bank	bank	NOUN
easat-5557	299	34	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-5557	299	35	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	299	36	working	working	NOUN
easat-5557	299	37	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-5557	299	38	no	no	NOUN
easat-5557	299	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	299	40	8391	8391	NUM
easat-5557	299	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	299	42	2018	2018	NUM
easat-5557	299	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	300	2	33	33	NUM
easat-5557	300	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	300	4	u.	u.	NOUN
easat-5557	300	5	mazhar	mazhar	PROPN
easat-5557	300	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	300	7	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-5557	300	8	méon	méon	PROPN
easat-5557	300	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	11	taxing	tax	VERB
easat-5557	300	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	300	13	unobserable	unobserable	ADJ
easat-5557	300	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	15	the	the	DET
easat-5557	300	16	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	300	17	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	300	18	the	the	DET
easat-5557	300	19	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	300	20	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	300	21	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	300	22	inflation	inflation	NOUN
easat-5557	300	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	300	24	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	300	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	27	world	world	NOUN
easat-5557	300	28	development	development	NOUN
easat-5557	300	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	300	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	300	32	90	90	NUM
easat-5557	300	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	34	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	300	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	36	89	89	NUM
easat-5557	300	37	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	300	38	103	103	NUM
easat-5557	300	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	300	40	2017	2017	NUM
easat-5557	300	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.019	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.019	PROPN
easat-5557	301	2	[	[	X
easat-5557	301	3	34	34	NUM
easat-5557	301	4	]	]	X
easat-5557	301	5	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-5557	301	6	torgler	torgler	PROPN
easat-5557	301	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	301	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	301	9	schneider	schneider	PROPN
easat-5557	301	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	12	the	the	DET
easat-5557	301	13	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	301	14	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	301	15	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	301	16	morale	morale	NOUN
easat-5557	301	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	301	18	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-5557	301	19	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-5557	301	20	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	301	21	the	the	DET
easat-5557	301	22	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	301	23	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	301	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	26	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	301	27	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	301	28	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-5557	301	29	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-5557	301	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	301	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	301	33	30	30	NUM
easat-5557	301	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	35	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	301	36	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	301	37	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	301	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	301	39	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	301	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	302	1	228	228	NUM
easat-5557	302	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	302	3	245	245	NUM
easat-5557	302	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	302	5	2009	2009	NUM
easat-5557	302	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2008.08.004	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2008.08.004	PROPN
easat-5557	303	2	[	[	X
easat-5557	303	3	35	35	NUM
easat-5557	303	4	]	]	X
easat-5557	303	5	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	303	6	hammond	hammond	PROPN
easat-5557	303	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	8	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	303	9	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-5557	303	10	kwakwa	kwakwa	PROPN
easat-5557	303	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	12	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-5557	303	13	berko	berko	PROPN
easat-5557	303	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	303	16	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-5557	303	17	amissah	amissah	PROPN
easat-5557	303	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	20	taxing	tax	VERB
easat-5557	303	21	informal	informal	ADJ
easat-5557	303	22	sector	sector	NOUN
easat-5557	303	23	through	through	ADP
easat-5557	303	24	modified	modify	VERB
easat-5557	303	25	taxation	taxation	NOUN
easat-5557	303	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	27	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-5557	303	28	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-5557	303	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	303	30	overcoming	overcome	VERB
easat-5557	303	31	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-5557	303	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	34	cogent	cogent	NOUN
easat-5557	303	35	business	business	NOUN
easat-5557	303	36	&	&	CCONJ
easat-5557	303	37	management	management	PROPN
easat-5557	303	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	303	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	303	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	304	1	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	304	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	304	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	304	5	3	3	NUM
easat-5557	304	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	304	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-5557	304	8	2274172	2274172	NUM
easat-5557	304	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	304	10	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5557	304	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	305	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2274172	https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2274172	NOUN
easat-5557	306	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	306	2	36	36	NUM
easat-5557	306	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	306	4	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-5557	306	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-5557	306	6	awwad	awwad	PROPN
easat-5557	306	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	306	8	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-5557	306	9	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-5557	306	10	al	al	PROPN
easat-5557	306	11	-	-	PROPN
easat-5557	306	12	kababji	kababji	PROPN
easat-5557	306	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	15	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	306	16	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	306	17	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	306	18	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	306	19	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	306	20	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	306	21	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	306	22	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	306	23	sub	sub	ADJ
easat-5557	306	24	-	-	ADJ
easat-5557	306	25	saharan	saharan	ADJ
easat-5557	306	26	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-5557	306	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	29	fudma	fudma	NOUN
easat-5557	306	30	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-5557	306	31	of	of	ADP
easat-5557	306	32	accounting	accounting	NOUN
easat-5557	306	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	306	34	finance	finance	NOUN
easat-5557	306	35	research	research	NOUN
easat-5557	306	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	306	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	306	39	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	306	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	41	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	306	42	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	306	43	4	4	NUM
easat-5557	306	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	306	45	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	306	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	307	1	1	1	NUM
easat-5557	307	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	307	3	10	10	NUM
easat-5557	307	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	307	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-5557	307	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	1	[	[	X
easat-5557	308	2	37	37	NUM
easat-5557	308	3	]	]	X
easat-5557	308	4	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-5557	308	5	lukito	lukito	PROPN
easat-5557	308	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	308	7	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-5557	308	8	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-5557	308	9	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-5557	308	10	adi	adi	PROPN
easat-5557	308	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	13	shadow	shadow	NOUN
easat-5557	308	14	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-5557	308	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-5557	308	16	its	its	PRON
easat-5557	308	17	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-5557	308	18	on	on	ADP
easat-5557	308	19	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-5557	308	20	revenues	revenue	NOUN
easat-5557	308	21	in	in	ADP
easat-5557	308	22	mojokerto	mojokerto	PROPN
easat-5557	308	23	city	city	NOUN
easat-5557	308	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	26	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
easat-5557	308	27	administrasi	administrasi	NOUN
easat-5557	308	28	bisnis	bisnis	PROPN
easat-5557	308	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-5557	308	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-5557	308	32	17	17	NUM
easat-5557	308	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-5557	308	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-5557	308	36	2	2	NUM
easat-5557	308	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	308	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-5557	308	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	309	1	214	214	NUM
easat-5557	309	2	-	-	SYM
easat-5557	309	3	230	230	NUM
easat-5557	309	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-5557	309	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-5557	309	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-5557	310	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00229-4	https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00229-4	NOUN
easat-5557	310	2	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9206-8	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9206-8	PRON
easat-5557	310	3	https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00029	https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00029	NOUN
easat-5557	310	4	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9513-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9513-0	NUM
easat-5557	310	5	https://doi.org/10.1177/2277978719898975	https://doi.org/10.1177/2277978719898975	NOUN
easat-5557	310	6	https://doi.org/10.33003/fujafr-2024.v2i4.130.1-10	https://doi.org/10.33003/fujafr-2024.v2i4.130.1-10	PRON
easat-5557	310	7	https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50812/	https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50812/	NOUN
easat-5557	310	8	http://doi.org/10.18800/360gestion.201904.005	http://doi.org/10.18800/360gestion.201904.005	VERB
easat-5557	310	9	http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01271	http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01271	NOUN
easat-5557	310	10	http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01271	http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01271	NOUN
easat-5557	310	11	https://doi.org/10.3390/	https://doi.org/10.3390/	PROPN
easat-5557	310	12	https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12054	https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12054	ADJ
easat-5557	310	13	https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i4art17	https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i4art17	PROPN
easat-5557	310	14	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.019	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.019	PROPN
easat-5557	310	15	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2008.08.004	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2008.08.004	PROPN
easat-5557	310	16	https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2274172	https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2274172	NOUN