id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-7291	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7291	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7291	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-7291	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7291	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7291	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7291	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	2	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	2	7	1832	1832	NUM
easat-7291	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	2	9	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-7291	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7291	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7291	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-7291	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	2	17	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	PROPN
easat-7291	2	18	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	2	19	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	2	20	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	2	21	the	the	DET
easat-7291	2	22	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	2	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	2	24	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	2	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	2	26	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7291	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-7291	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7291	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-7291	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-7291	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	14	17	17	NUM
easat-7291	3	15	february	february	NOUN
easat-7291	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-7291	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	20	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	3	21	may	may	PROPN
easat-7291	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-7291	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	26	8	8	NUM
easat-7291	3	27	may	may	PROPN
easat-7291	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-7291	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	32	17	17	NUM
easat-7291	3	33	may	may	PROPN
easat-7291	3	34	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	3	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-7291	3	36	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-7291	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	1	61603011@kmitl.ac.th	61603011@kmitl.ac.th	NUM
easat-7291	4	2	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	4	3	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	4	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	4	5	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	4	6	thai	thai	ADJ
easat-7291	4	7	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	4	8	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	4	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	10	a	a	DET
easat-7291	4	11	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7291	4	12	imperative	imperative	ADJ
easat-7291	4	13	thaksina	thaksina	NOUN
easat-7291	4	14	noppakhunwong1	noppakhunwong1	PROPN
easat-7291	4	15	*	*	PROPN
easat-7291	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	17	thiyaporn	thiyaporn	ADJ
easat-7291	4	18	kantathanawat2	kantathanawat2	NOUN
easat-7291	4	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	20	paitoon	paitoon	NOUN
easat-7291	4	21	pimdee3	pimdee3	NOUN
easat-7291	4	22	1,2,3school	1,2,3school	NUM
easat-7291	4	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	4	24	industrial	industrial	ADJ
easat-7291	4	25	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	4	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	4	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	4	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	29	siet	siet	NOUN
easat-7291	4	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	32	king	king	PROPN
easat-7291	4	33	mongkut	mongkut	PROPN
easat-7291	4	34	’s	’s	PROPN
easat-7291	4	35	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-7291	4	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	4	37	technology	technology	PROPN
easat-7291	4	38	ladkrabang	ladkrabang	PROPN
easat-7291	4	39	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	40	kmitl	kmitl	PROPN
easat-7291	4	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	43	bangkok	bangkok	PROPN
easat-7291	4	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	45	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	4	46	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	47	61603011@kmitl.ac.th	61603011@kmitl.ac.th	NUM
easat-7291	4	48	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	49	t.n	t.n	PROPN
easat-7291	4	50	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	4	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	52	thiyaporn.ka@kmitl.ac.th	thiyaporn.ka@kmitl.ac.th	NUM
easat-7291	4	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	4	54	t.k	t.k	PROPN
easat-7291	4	55	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	4	56	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	5	1	paitoon.pi@kmitl.ac.th	paitoon.pi@kmitl.ac.th	PROPN
easat-7291	6	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	6	2	p.p	p.p	PROPN
easat-7291	6	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	6	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	1	abstract	abstract	NOUN
easat-7291	7	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	3	this	this	DET
easat-7291	7	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	7	5	aims	aim	VERB
easat-7291	7	6	to	to	PART
easat-7291	7	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	7	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	7	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	7	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	7	11	thai	thai	PROPN
easat-7291	7	12	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	7	13	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	7	14	through	through	ADP
easat-7291	7	15	the	the	DET
easat-7291	7	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-7291	7	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	7	18	an	an	DET
easat-7291	7	19	integrated	integrated	ADJ
easat-7291	7	20	framework—3clpc	framework—3clpc	NOUN
easat-7291	7	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	22	cloud	cloud	NOUN
easat-7291	7	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	24	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	7	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	26	collaborative	collaborative	NOUN
easat-7291	7	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	7	29	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-7291	7	30	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-7291	7	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	7	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	8	1	a	a	DET
easat-7291	8	2	mixed	mix	VERB
easat-7291	8	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	8	4	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7291	8	5	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7291	8	6	was	be	AUX
easat-7291	8	7	employed	employ	VERB
easat-7291	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	8	9	combining	combine	VERB
easat-7291	8	10	surveys	survey	NOUN
easat-7291	8	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	8	12	interviews	interview	NOUN
easat-7291	8	13	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	8	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	8	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	8	16	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-7291	8	17	from	from	ADP
easat-7291	8	18	three	three	NUM
easat-7291	8	19	public	public	ADJ
easat-7291	8	20	universities	university	NOUN
easat-7291	8	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	9	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-7291	9	2	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7291	9	3	were	be	AUX
easat-7291	9	4	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-7291	9	5	using	use	VERB
easat-7291	9	6	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-7291	9	7	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-7291	9	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	9	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7291	9	10	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-7291	9	11	input	input	NOUN
easat-7291	9	12	informed	inform	VERB
easat-7291	9	13	iterative	iterative	NOUN
easat-7291	9	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	9	15	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7291	9	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	10	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	10	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-7291	10	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-7291	10	4	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-7291	10	5	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	10	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	10	7	’	'	PUNCT
easat-7291	10	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	10	9	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-7291	10	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	10	11	especially	especially	ADV
easat-7291	10	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	10	13	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7291	10	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	10	15	content	content	NOUN
easat-7291	10	16	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-7291	10	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	10	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	10	19	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7291	10	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	10	21	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-7291	10	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	11	1	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-7291	11	2	also	also	ADV
easat-7291	11	3	reported	report	VERB
easat-7291	11	4	increased	increase	VERB
easat-7291	11	5	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7291	11	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	11	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-7291	11	8	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7291	11	9	using	use	VERB
easat-7291	11	10	cloud	cloud	NOUN
easat-7291	11	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	11	12	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	11	13	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7291	11	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	11	15	receiving	receive	VERB
easat-7291	11	16	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-7291	11	17	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-7291	11	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	12	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	12	2	3clpc	3clpc	PROPN
easat-7291	12	3	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	12	4	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7291	12	5	addresses	address	VERB
easat-7291	12	6	the	the	DET
easat-7291	12	7	divide	divide	NOUN
easat-7291	12	8	between	between	ADP
easat-7291	12	9	access	access	NOUN
easat-7291	12	10	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	12	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	12	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	12	13	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-7291	12	14	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-7291	12	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	12	16	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-7291	12	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	12	18	under	under	ADV
easat-7291	12	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	12	20	resourced	resource	VERB
easat-7291	12	21	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-7291	12	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	13	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	13	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	13	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	13	4	scalable	scalable	ADJ
easat-7291	13	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	13	6	adaptable	adaptable	ADJ
easat-7291	13	7	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	13	8	other	other	ADJ
easat-7291	13	9	southeast	southeast	ADJ
easat-7291	13	10	asian	asian	ADJ
easat-7291	13	11	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-7291	13	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	14	1	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-7291	14	2	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-7291	14	3	include	include	VERB
easat-7291	14	4	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7291	14	5	into	into	ADP
easat-7291	14	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-7291	14	7	training	training	NOUN
easat-7291	14	8	programs	program	NOUN
easat-7291	14	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	14	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	14	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-7291	14	12	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	14	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	15	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	15	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	15	3	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-7291	15	4	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	15	5	bridging	bridge	VERB
easat-7291	15	6	the	the	DET
easat-7291	15	7	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-7291	15	8	between	between	ADP
easat-7291	15	9	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	15	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	15	11	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-7291	15	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	15	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	15	14	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	15	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	15	16	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-7291	15	17	equity	equity	NOUN
easat-7291	15	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	15	19	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-7291	15	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	15	21	centered	center	VERB
easat-7291	15	22	design	design	NOUN
easat-7291	15	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-7291	16	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	3	digcompedu	digcompedu	PROPN
easat-7291	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	5	unesco	unesco	PROPN
easat-7291	16	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	7	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	16	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	16	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	10	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	16	11	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	16	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	16	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	16	15	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	16	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	17	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	16	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	16	19	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	16	20	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-7291	16	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	17	1	1	1	X
easat-7291	17	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	17	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-7291	17	4	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	17	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	17	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	17	7	broadly	broadly	ADV
easat-7291	17	8	defined	define	VERB
easat-7291	17	9	as	as	ADP
easat-7291	17	10	the	the	DET
easat-7291	17	11	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-7291	17	12	to	to	PART
easat-7291	17	13	locate	locate	VERB
easat-7291	17	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	17	15	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-7291	17	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	17	17	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-7291	17	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	17	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	17	20	communicate	communicate	VERB
easat-7291	17	21	information	information	NOUN
easat-7291	17	22	using	use	VERB
easat-7291	17	23	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	17	24	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	17	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	17	26	has	have	AUX
easat-7291	17	27	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-7291	17	28	as	as	ADP
easat-7291	17	29	a	a	DET
easat-7291	17	30	foundational	foundational	ADJ
easat-7291	17	31	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-7291	17	32	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	17	33	the	the	DET
easat-7291	17	34	21st	21st	ADJ
easat-7291	17	35	century	century	NOUN
easat-7291	17	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	18	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	18	2	the	the	DET
easat-7291	18	3	context	context	NOUN
easat-7291	18	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	18	5	thai	thai	PROPN
easat-7291	18	6	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	18	7	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	18	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	18	9	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-7291	18	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	18	11	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	18	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	18	13	imperative	imperative	ADJ
easat-7291	18	14	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	18	15	empowering	empower	VERB
easat-7291	18	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	18	17	to	to	PART
easat-7291	18	18	thrive	thrive	VERB
easat-7291	18	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	18	20	an	an	DET
easat-7291	18	21	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-7291	18	22	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	18	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	18	24	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7291	18	25	world	world	NOUN
easat-7291	18	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	19	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-7291	19	2	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-7291	19	3	access	access	NOUN
easat-7291	19	4	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	19	5	devices	device	NOUN
easat-7291	19	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	19	7	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-7291	19	8	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
easat-7291	19	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	19	10	disparities	disparity	NOUN
easat-7291	19	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	19	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	19	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	19	14	remain	remain	VERB
easat-7291	19	15	stark	stark	ADJ
easat-7291	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	19	17	especially	especially	ADV
easat-7291	19	18	among	among	ADP
easat-7291	19	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	19	20	from	from	ADP
easat-7291	19	21	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-7291	19	22	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7291	19	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	20	1	this	this	DET
easat-7291	20	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-7291	20	3	addresses	address	VERB
easat-7291	20	4	the	the	DET
easat-7291	20	5	need	need	NOUN
easat-7291	20	6	to	to	PART
easat-7291	20	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	20	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	20	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	20	10	among	among	ADP
easat-7291	20	11	university	university	NOUN
easat-7291	20	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	20	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	20	14	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	20	15	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	20	16	examining	examine	VERB
easat-7291	20	17	current	current	ADJ
easat-7291	20	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7291	20	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	20	20	analyzing	analyze	VERB
easat-7291	20	21	global	global	ADJ
easat-7291	20	22	best	good	ADJ
easat-7291	20	23	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7291	20	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	20	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	20	26	proposing	propose	VERB
easat-7291	20	27	context	context	NOUN
easat-7291	20	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	20	29	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-7291	20	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7291	20	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	21	1	hattie	hattie	PROPN
easat-7291	21	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	21	3	zierer	zierer	X
easat-7291	22	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	22	2	1	1	X
easat-7291	22	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	22	4	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
easat-7291	22	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7291	22	6	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7291	22	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	22	8	occurs	occur	VERB
easat-7291	22	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7291	22	10	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	22	11	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-7291	22	12	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-7291	22	13	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-7291	22	14	mindframes	mindframe	NOUN
easat-7291	22	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	22	16	focus	focus	VERB
easat-7291	22	17	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	22	18	visible	visible	ADJ
easat-7291	22	19	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-7291	22	20	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	22	21	student	student	NOUN
easat-7291	22	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-7291	22	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	23	1	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	23	2	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	23	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	23	4	now	now	ADV
easat-7291	23	5	recognized	recognize	VERB
easat-7291	23	6	as	as	ADP
easat-7291	23	7	a	a	DET
easat-7291	23	8	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-7291	23	9	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	23	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	23	11	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	23	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	23	13	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7291	23	14	argued	argue	VERB
easat-7291	23	15	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	23	16	leahy	leahy	NOUN
easat-7291	23	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	23	18	dolan	dolan	PROPN
easat-7291	24	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	24	2	2	2	X
easat-7291	24	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	24	4	requiring	require	VERB
easat-7291	24	5	schools	school	NOUN
easat-7291	24	6	to	to	PART
easat-7291	24	7	embed	embed	VERB
easat-7291	24	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-7291	24	9	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-7291	24	10	across	across	ADP
easat-7291	24	11	all	all	DET
easat-7291	24	12	levels	level	NOUN
easat-7291	24	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	24	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-7291	24	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	25	1	2	2	X
easat-7291	25	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	25	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-7291	25	4	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	25	5	this	this	DET
easat-7291	25	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	25	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	25	8	grounded	ground	VERB
easat-7291	25	9	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	25	10	the	the	DET
easat-7291	25	11	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	25	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	25	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	25	14	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	25	15	established	establish	VERB
easat-7291	25	16	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	25	17	unesco	unesco	PROPN
easat-7291	26	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	26	2	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	26	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	26	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	26	5	the	the	DET
easat-7291	26	6	european	european	PROPN
easat-7291	26	7	commission	commission	PROPN
easat-7291	26	8	[	[	X
easat-7291	26	9	4	4	NUM
easat-7291	26	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	26	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	1	these	these	DET
easat-7291	27	2	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	27	3	outline	outline	VERB
easat-7291	27	4	key	key	ADJ
easat-7291	27	5	components	component	NOUN
easat-7291	27	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	27	7	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	27	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	27	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	10	including	include	VERB
easat-7291	27	11	information	information	NOUN
easat-7291	27	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	27	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7291	27	14	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	27	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	16	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-7291	27	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	27	18	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7291	27	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	27	21	content	content	NOUN
easat-7291	27	22	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-7291	27	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	24	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-7291	27	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	27	27	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7291	27	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	27	29	solving	solving	NOUN
easat-7291	27	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	28	1	they	they	PRON
easat-7291	28	2	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7291	28	3	a	a	DET
easat-7291	28	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7291	28	5	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-7291	28	6	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	28	7	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-7291	28	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	28	9	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	28	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	28	11	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	28	12	among	among	ADP
easat-7291	28	13	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	28	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	28	15	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-7291	28	16	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	28	17	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-7291	28	18	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-7291	28	19	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-7291	28	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	29	1	3	3	X
easat-7291	29	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	29	3	current	current	ADJ
easat-7291	29	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7291	29	5	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	29	6	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	29	7	several	several	ADJ
easat-7291	29	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7291	29	9	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-7291	29	10	the	the	DET
easat-7291	29	11	development	development	NOUN
easat-7291	29	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	29	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	29	14	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	29	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	29	16	thai	thai	ADJ
easat-7291	29	17	universities	university	NOUN
easat-7291	29	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	30	1	these	these	PRON
easat-7291	30	2	include	include	VERB
easat-7291	30	3	outdated	outdated	ADJ
easat-7291	30	4	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-7291	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	30	6	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-7291	30	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-7291	30	8	training	training	NOUN
easat-7291	30	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	30	10	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-7291	30	11	access	access	NOUN
easat-7291	30	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	30	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	30	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-7291	30	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	30	16	remote	remote	ADJ
easat-7291	30	17	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7291	30	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	30	19	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3714-0498	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3714-0498	NOUN
easat-7291	30	20	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-8806	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-8806	PROPN
easat-7291	30	21	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-2885	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-2885	PROPN
easat-7291	30	22	1833	1833	NUM
easat-7291	30	23	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7291	30	24	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7291	30	25	science	science	NOUN
easat-7291	30	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	30	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	30	28	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7291	30	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	30	30	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7291	30	31	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	30	32	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7291	30	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	30	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	31	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	31	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	31	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	31	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	31	6	:	:	SYM
easat-7291	31	7	1832	1832	NUM
easat-7291	31	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	31	9	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	31	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	31	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	31	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7291	31	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	31	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	PROPN
easat-7291	31	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	31	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	31	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	31	18	the	the	DET
easat-7291	31	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	31	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	31	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	31	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	31	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7291	31	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	31	25	a	a	DET
easat-7291	31	26	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-7291	31	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	31	28	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7291	31	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	31	30	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	31	31	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-7291	31	32	into	into	ADP
easat-7291	31	33	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-7291	31	34	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7291	31	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	32	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-7291	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	32	3	the	the	DET
easat-7291	32	4	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
easat-7291	32	5	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
easat-7291	32	6	has	have	AUX
easat-7291	32	7	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-7291	32	8	the	the	DET
easat-7291	32	9	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	32	10	divide	divide	NOUN
easat-7291	32	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	32	12	underscored	underscore	VERB
easat-7291	32	13	the	the	DET
easat-7291	32	14	urgency	urgency	NOUN
easat-7291	32	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	32	16	equipping	equip	VERB
easat-7291	32	17	all	all	DET
easat-7291	32	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	32	19	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	32	20	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7291	32	21	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	32	22	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-7291	32	23	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	32	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	32	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	32	26	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-7291	32	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	32	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	32	29	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-7291	32	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	33	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	33	2	evolution	evolution	NOUN
easat-7291	33	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	33	4	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-7291	33	5	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	33	6	has	have	AUX
easat-7291	33	7	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7291	33	8	influenced	influence	VERB
easat-7291	33	9	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7291	33	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	33	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	33	12	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-7291	33	13	into	into	ADP
easat-7291	33	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-7291	33	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	33	16	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	33	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	34	1	anderson	anderson	PROPN
easat-7291	34	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	34	3	dron	dron	PROPN
easat-7291	34	4	[	[	X
easat-7291	34	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	34	6	]	]	X
easat-7291	34	7	propose	propose	VERB
easat-7291	34	8	three	three	NUM
easat-7291	34	9	generations	generation	NOUN
easat-7291	34	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	34	11	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-7291	34	12	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	34	13	—	—	PUNCT
easat-7291	34	14	cognitive	cognitive	NOUN
easat-7291	34	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	34	16	behaviorist	behaviorist	NOUN
easat-7291	34	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	34	18	constructivist	constructivist	NOUN
easat-7291	34	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	34	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	34	21	connectivism	connectivism	NOUN
easat-7291	34	22	—	—	PUNCT
easat-7291	34	23	each	each	PRON
easat-7291	34	24	representing	represent	VERB
easat-7291	34	25	a	a	DET
easat-7291	34	26	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-7291	34	27	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	34	28	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-7291	34	29	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-7291	34	30	aligned	align	VERB
easat-7291	34	31	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	34	32	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-7291	34	33	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	34	34	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	34	35	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	34	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	35	1	these	these	DET
easat-7291	35	2	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	35	3	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7291	35	4	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-7291	35	5	insight	insight	NOUN
easat-7291	35	6	into	into	ADP
easat-7291	35	7	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7291	35	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	35	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	35	10	can	can	AUX
easat-7291	35	11	be	be	AUX
easat-7291	35	12	conceptualized	conceptualize	VERB
easat-7291	35	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	35	14	operationalized	operationalize	VERB
easat-7291	35	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	35	16	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	35	17	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	35	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	35	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-7291	35	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	35	21	online	online	ADJ
easat-7291	35	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	35	23	blended	blended	ADJ
easat-7291	35	24	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-7291	35	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	36	1	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-7291	36	2	these	these	DET
easat-7291	36	3	paradigms	paradigm	NOUN
easat-7291	36	4	allows	allow	VERB
easat-7291	36	5	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	36	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	36	7	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-7291	36	8	to	to	PART
easat-7291	36	9	align	align	VERB
easat-7291	36	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	36	11	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7291	36	12	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	36	13	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-7291	36	14	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7291	36	15	that	that	PRON
easat-7291	36	16	support	support	VERB
easat-7291	36	17	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-7291	36	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7291	36	19	4	4	NUM
easat-7291	36	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	37	1	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7291	37	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-7291	37	3	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	37	4	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	37	5	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	37	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	37	7	to	to	PART
easat-7291	37	8	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-7291	37	9	the	the	DET
easat-7291	37	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	37	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-7291	37	12	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-7291	38	1	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	38	2	this	this	DET
easat-7291	38	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	38	4	proposes	propose	VERB
easat-7291	38	5	the	the	DET
easat-7291	38	6	following	follow	VERB
easat-7291	38	7	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7291	38	8	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-7291	38	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	38	10	•	•	ADP
easat-7291	38	11	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-7291	38	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	38	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	38	14	modules	module	NOUN
easat-7291	38	15	into	into	ADP
easat-7291	38	16	general	general	ADJ
easat-7291	38	17	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	38	18	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-7291	38	19	•	•	NUM
easat-7291	38	20	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-7291	38	21	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-7291	38	22	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-7291	38	23	development	development	NOUN
easat-7291	38	24	programs	program	NOUN
easat-7291	38	25	focused	focus	VERB
easat-7291	38	26	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	38	27	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	38	28	•	•	NUM
easat-7291	38	29	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-7291	38	30	•	•	NOUN
easat-7291	38	31	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-7291	38	32	student	student	NOUN
easat-7291	38	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	38	34	centered	center	VERB
easat-7291	38	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	38	36	project	project	NOUN
easat-7291	38	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	38	38	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	38	39	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	38	40	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	38	41	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-7291	38	42	•	•	ADV
easat-7291	38	43	leveraging	leverage	VERB
easat-7291	38	44	cloud	cloud	NOUN
easat-7291	38	45	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	38	46	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	38	47	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-7291	38	48	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	38	49	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7291	38	50	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	38	51	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	38	52	feedback	feedback	VERB
easat-7291	38	53	•	•	NOUN
easat-7291	38	54	developing	develop	VERB
easat-7291	38	55	localized	localize	VERB
easat-7291	38	56	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-7291	38	57	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7291	38	58	aligned	align	VERB
easat-7291	38	59	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	38	60	international	international	ADJ
easat-7291	38	61	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-7291	38	62	these	these	DET
easat-7291	38	63	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-7291	38	64	aim	aim	VERB
easat-7291	38	65	to	to	PART
easat-7291	38	66	create	create	VERB
easat-7291	38	67	a	a	DET
easat-7291	38	68	digitally	digitally	ADV
easat-7291	38	69	competent	competent	ADJ
easat-7291	38	70	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-7291	38	71	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
easat-7291	38	72	capable	capable	ADJ
easat-7291	38	73	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	38	74	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-7291	38	75	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	38	76	future	future	ADJ
easat-7291	38	77	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-7291	38	78	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-7291	38	79	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	39	1	5	5	X
easat-7291	39	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	39	3	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	39	4	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7291	39	5	national	national	ADJ
easat-7291	39	6	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	39	7	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	39	8	must	must	AUX
easat-7291	39	9	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-7291	39	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	39	11	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	39	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7291	39	13	a	a	DET
easat-7291	39	14	core	core	NOUN
easat-7291	39	15	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7291	39	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	39	17	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	39	18	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	39	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	40	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7291	40	2	includes	include	VERB
easat-7291	40	3	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-7291	40	4	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	40	5	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	40	6	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-7291	40	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	40	8	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
easat-7291	40	9	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	40	10	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	40	11	training	training	NOUN
easat-7291	40	12	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	40	13	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-7291	40	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	40	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	40	16	standardized	standardized	ADJ
easat-7291	40	17	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-7291	40	18	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	40	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	41	1	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7291	41	2	between	between	ADP
easat-7291	41	3	government	government	NOUN
easat-7291	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	41	5	universities	university	NOUN
easat-7291	41	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	41	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	41	8	private	private	ADJ
easat-7291	41	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	41	10	providers	provider	NOUN
easat-7291	41	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	41	12	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7291	41	13	to	to	PART
easat-7291	41	14	create	create	VERB
easat-7291	41	15	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-7291	41	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	41	17	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-7291	41	18	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	41	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	41	20	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-7291	41	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	42	1	6	6	X
easat-7291	42	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	42	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7291	42	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	42	5	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	42	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7291	42	7	although	although	SCONJ
easat-7291	42	8	national	national	ADJ
easat-7291	42	9	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	42	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	42	11	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	42	12	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
easat-7291	42	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	42	14	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-7291	42	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	42	16	the	the	DET
easat-7291	42	17	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7291	42	18	often	often	ADV
easat-7291	42	19	lacks	lack	VERB
easat-7291	42	20	continuity	continuity	NOUN
easat-7291	42	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	42	22	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-7291	42	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	42	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	42	25	adequate	adequate	ADJ
easat-7291	42	26	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
easat-7291	42	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	43	1	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7291	43	2	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	43	3	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-7291	43	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	43	5	rural	rural	ADJ
easat-7291	43	6	access	access	NOUN
easat-7291	43	7	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	43	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-7291	43	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	43	10	disparities	disparity	NOUN
easat-7291	43	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	43	12	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-7291	43	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	43	14	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-7291	43	15	remain	remain	VERB
easat-7291	43	16	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-7291	43	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	44	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-7291	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	44	3	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-7291	44	4	to	to	PART
easat-7291	44	5	change	change	VERB
easat-7291	44	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	44	7	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-7291	44	8	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-7291	44	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-7291	44	10	further	far	ADV
easat-7291	44	11	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-7291	44	12	the	the	DET
easat-7291	44	13	full	full	ADJ
easat-7291	44	14	realization	realization	NOUN
easat-7291	44	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	44	16	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	44	17	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-7291	44	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	45	1	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7291	45	2	input	input	NOUN
easat-7291	45	3	from	from	ADP
easat-7291	45	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-7291	45	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	45	6	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	45	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	45	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	45	9	government	government	NOUN
easat-7291	45	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7291	45	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	45	12	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7291	45	13	to	to	PART
easat-7291	45	14	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-7291	45	15	these	these	DET
easat-7291	45	16	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-7291	45	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	45	18	make	make	VERB
easat-7291	45	19	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	45	20	more	more	ADV
easat-7291	45	21	actionable	actionable	ADJ
easat-7291	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	46	1	7	7	X
easat-7291	46	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	46	3	the	the	DET
easat-7291	46	4	role	role	NOUN
easat-7291	46	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	46	6	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-7291	46	7	development	development	NOUN
easat-7291	46	8	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-7291	46	9	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-7291	46	10	development	development	NOUN
easat-7291	46	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	46	12	a	a	DET
easat-7291	46	13	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-7291	46	14	component	component	NOUN
easat-7291	46	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	46	16	building	building	NOUN
easat-7291	46	17	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	46	18	'	'	PART
easat-7291	46	19	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7291	46	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	46	21	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	46	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	46	23	using	use	VERB
easat-7291	46	24	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	46	25	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	46	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	47	1	workshops	workshop	NOUN
easat-7291	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	47	3	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-7291	47	4	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-7291	47	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	47	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	47	7	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7291	47	8	communities	community	NOUN
easat-7291	47	9	are	be	AUX
easat-7291	47	10	proven	prove	VERB
easat-7291	47	11	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7291	47	12	that	that	PRON
easat-7291	47	13	help	help	VERB
easat-7291	47	14	build	build	VERB
easat-7291	47	15	a	a	DET
easat-7291	47	16	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-7291	47	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	47	18	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	47	19	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-7291	47	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	48	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	48	2	3clpc	3clpc	PROPN
easat-7291	48	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	48	4	supports	support	VERB
easat-7291	48	5	this	this	PRON
easat-7291	48	6	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	48	7	embedding	embed	VERB
easat-7291	48	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	48	9	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-7291	48	10	into	into	ADP
easat-7291	48	11	regular	regular	ADJ
easat-7291	48	12	training	training	NOUN
easat-7291	48	13	routines	routine	NOUN
easat-7291	48	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	48	15	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-7291	48	16	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	48	17	to	to	PART
easat-7291	48	18	model	model	VERB
easat-7291	48	19	the	the	DET
easat-7291	48	20	same	same	ADJ
easat-7291	48	21	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7291	48	22	they	they	PRON
easat-7291	48	23	wish	wish	VERB
easat-7291	48	24	to	to	PART
easat-7291	48	25	impart	impart	VERB
easat-7291	48	26	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	48	27	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	48	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	49	1	8	8	X
easat-7291	49	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	49	3	student	student	NOUN
easat-7291	49	4	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-7291	49	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	49	6	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	49	7	mindset	mindset	NOUN
easat-7291	49	8	a	a	DET
easat-7291	49	9	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	49	10	mindset	mindset	NOUN
easat-7291	49	11	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-7291	49	12	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-7291	49	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	49	14	curiosity	curiosity	NOUN
easat-7291	49	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	49	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	49	17	self	self	NOUN
easat-7291	49	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	49	19	directed	direct	VERB
easat-7291	49	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	49	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	50	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7291	50	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	50	3	important	important	ADJ
easat-7291	50	4	to	to	PART
easat-7291	50	5	understand	understand	VERB
easat-7291	50	6	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7291	50	7	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	50	8	perceive	perceive	VERB
easat-7291	50	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	50	10	engage	engage	VERB
easat-7291	50	11	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	50	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	50	13	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7291	50	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	51	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-7291	51	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7291	51	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7291	51	4	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-7291	51	5	who	who	PRON
easat-7291	51	6	feel	feel	VERB
easat-7291	51	7	empowered	empower	VERB
easat-7291	51	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	51	9	supported	support	VERB
easat-7291	51	10	are	be	AUX
easat-7291	51	11	more	more	ADV
easat-7291	51	12	likely	likely	ADJ
easat-7291	51	13	to	to	PART
easat-7291	51	14	develop	develop	VERB
easat-7291	51	15	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7291	51	16	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	51	17	navigating	navigate	VERB
easat-7291	51	18	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	51	19	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-7291	51	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	52	1	1834	1834	NUM
easat-7291	52	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7291	52	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7291	52	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7291	52	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	52	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	52	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7291	52	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	52	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7291	52	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	52	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7291	52	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	52	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	53	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	53	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	53	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	53	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	53	6	:	:	SYM
easat-7291	53	7	1832	1832	NUM
easat-7291	53	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	53	9	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	53	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	53	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7291	53	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	53	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	PROPN
easat-7291	53	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	53	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	53	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	53	18	the	the	DET
easat-7291	53	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	53	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	53	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	53	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	53	23	gate	gate	VERB
easat-7291	53	24	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-7291	53	25	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-7291	53	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	53	27	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7291	53	28	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7291	53	29	foster	foster	VERB
easat-7291	53	30	a	a	DET
easat-7291	53	31	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-7291	53	32	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	53	33	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-7291	53	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	53	35	which	which	PRON
easat-7291	53	36	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	53	37	key	key	ADJ
easat-7291	53	38	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	53	39	cultivating	cultivate	VERB
easat-7291	53	40	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-7291	53	41	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	53	42	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-7291	53	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	54	1	9	9	X
easat-7291	54	2	.	.	X
easat-7291	54	3	global	global	ADJ
easat-7291	54	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-7291	54	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	54	6	case	case	NOUN
easat-7291	54	7	studies	study	NOUN
easat-7291	54	8	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-7291	54	9	from	from	ADP
easat-7291	54	10	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7291	54	11	like	like	ADP
easat-7291	54	12	estonia	estonia	PROPN
easat-7291	54	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	54	14	south	south	PROPN
easat-7291	54	15	korea	korea	PROPN
easat-7291	54	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	54	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	54	18	singapore	singapore	PROPN
easat-7291	54	19	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-7291	54	20	the	the	DET
easat-7291	54	21	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-7291	54	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	54	23	centralized	centralized	ADJ
easat-7291	54	24	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	54	25	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7291	54	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	54	27	early	early	ADJ
easat-7291	54	28	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7291	54	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	54	30	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	54	31	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	54	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	54	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	54	34	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-7291	54	35	public	public	ADJ
easat-7291	54	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	54	37	private	private	ADJ
easat-7291	54	38	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
easat-7291	55	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	55	2	6	6	NUM
easat-7291	55	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	55	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	56	1	these	these	DET
easat-7291	56	2	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-7291	56	3	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7291	56	4	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-7291	56	5	blueprints	blueprint	NOUN
easat-7291	56	6	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	56	7	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	56	8	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7291	56	9	it	it	PRON
easat-7291	56	10	refines	refine	VERB
easat-7291	56	11	its	its	PRON
easat-7291	56	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	56	13	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	56	14	roadmap	roadmap	NOUN
easat-7291	57	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	57	2	7	7	NUM
easat-7291	57	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	57	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	58	1	10	10	NUM
easat-7291	58	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	59	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-7291	59	2	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-7291	59	3	future	future	ADJ
easat-7291	59	4	studies	study	NOUN
easat-7291	59	5	may	may	AUX
easat-7291	59	6	explore	explore	VERB
easat-7291	59	7	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7291	59	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	59	9	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	59	10	personalization	personalization	NOUN
easat-7291	59	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	59	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	59	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	59	14	programs	program	NOUN
easat-7291	59	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	59	16	gamified	gamifie	VERB
easat-7291	59	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	59	18	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-7291	59	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	59	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	59	21	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7291	59	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	59	23	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	59	24	ethics	ethic	NOUN
easat-7291	59	25	[	[	X
easat-7291	59	26	8	8	NUM
easat-7291	59	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	59	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	60	1	there	there	PRON
easat-7291	60	2	is	be	VERB
easat-7291	60	3	also	also	ADV
easat-7291	60	4	a	a	DET
easat-7291	60	5	need	need	NOUN
easat-7291	60	6	to	to	PART
easat-7291	60	7	assess	assess	VERB
easat-7291	60	8	long	long	ADJ
easat-7291	60	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	60	10	term	term	NOUN
easat-7291	60	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-7291	60	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	60	13	models	model	NOUN
easat-7291	60	14	like	like	ADP
easat-7291	60	15	3clpc	3clpc	NUM
easat-7291	60	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	60	17	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-7291	60	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	60	19	shaping	shape	VERB
easat-7291	60	20	graduate	graduate	NOUN
easat-7291	60	21	readiness	readiness	NOUN
easat-7291	60	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	60	23	employability	employability	NOUN
easat-7291	60	24	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	60	25	the	the	DET
easat-7291	60	26	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	60	27	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-7291	60	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	61	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-7291	61	2	that	that	PRON
easat-7291	61	3	involves	involve	VERB
easat-7291	61	4	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7291	61	5	-	-	ADJ
easat-7291	61	6	university	university	ADJ
easat-7291	61	7	collaborations	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7291	61	8	will	will	AUX
easat-7291	61	9	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7291	61	10	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-7291	61	11	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-7291	61	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	61	13	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7291	61	14	-	-	ADJ
easat-7291	61	15	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-7291	61	16	applicability	applicability	NOUN
easat-7291	61	17	[	[	X
easat-7291	61	18	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	61	19	]	]	SYM
easat-7291	61	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	62	1	11	11	NUM
easat-7291	62	2	.	.	NUM
easat-7291	62	3	extended	extend	VERB
easat-7291	62	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-7291	62	5	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7291	62	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	62	7	the	the	DET
easat-7291	62	8	3clpc	3clpc	PROPN
easat-7291	62	9	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	62	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	62	11	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-7291	62	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	62	13	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-7291	62	14	has	have	AUX
easat-7291	62	15	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-7291	62	16	its	its	PRON
easat-7291	62	17	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-7291	62	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	62	19	both	both	CCONJ
easat-7291	62	20	synchronous	synchronous	ADJ
easat-7291	62	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	62	22	asynchronous	asynchronous	ADJ
easat-7291	62	23	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-7291	62	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	63	1	cloud	cloud	NOUN
easat-7291	63	2	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	63	3	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7291	63	4	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-7291	63	5	access	access	NOUN
easat-7291	63	6	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	63	7	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7291	63	8	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-7291	63	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	63	10	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7291	63	11	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7291	63	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	63	13	fosters	foster	VERB
easat-7291	63	14	social	social	ADJ
easat-7291	63	15	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-7291	63	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	63	17	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-7291	63	18	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-7291	64	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	64	2	10	10	NUM
easat-7291	64	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	64	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	65	1	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-7291	65	2	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-7291	65	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	65	4	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	65	5	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	65	6	motivational	motivational	ADJ
easat-7291	65	7	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-7291	65	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-7291	65	9	as	as	ADP
easat-7291	65	10	bandura	bandura	NOUN
easat-7291	65	11	's	's	PART
easat-7291	65	12	self	self	NOUN
easat-7291	65	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	65	14	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-7291	65	15	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7291	65	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	65	17	helps	help	VERB
easat-7291	65	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	65	19	build	build	VERB
easat-7291	65	20	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7291	65	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	65	22	persistence	persistence	NOUN
easat-7291	65	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	66	1	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7291	66	2	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7291	66	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	66	4	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	66	5	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7291	66	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	66	7	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	66	8	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	66	9	requires	require	VERB
easat-7291	66	10	not	not	PART
easat-7291	66	11	only	only	ADV
easat-7291	66	12	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-7291	66	13	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-7291	66	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7291	66	15	also	also	ADV
easat-7291	66	16	changes	change	VERB
easat-7291	66	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	66	18	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	66	19	’	'	PUNCT
easat-7291	66	20	beliefs	belief	NOUN
easat-7291	66	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	66	22	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7291	66	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	66	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	66	25	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-7291	66	26	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-7291	66	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	67	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7291	67	2	ertmer	ertmer	NOUN
easat-7291	67	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	67	4	ottenbreitleftwich	ottenbreitleftwich	NOUN
easat-7291	67	5	[	[	X
easat-7291	67	6	11	11	NUM
easat-7291	67	7	]	]	SYM
easat-7291	67	8	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-7291	67	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	67	10	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-7291	67	11	depends	depend	VERB
easat-7291	67	12	largely	largely	ADV
easat-7291	67	13	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	67	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-7291	67	15	’	'	PUNCT
easat-7291	67	16	internal	internal	ADJ
easat-7291	67	17	readiness	readiness	NOUN
easat-7291	67	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	67	19	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-7291	67	20	support	support	NOUN
easat-7291	67	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	68	1	this	this	DET
easat-7291	68	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	68	3	supports	support	VERB
easat-7291	68	4	global	global	ADJ
easat-7291	68	5	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-7291	68	6	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-7291	68	7	post	post	ADJ
easat-7291	68	8	-	-	ADJ
easat-7291	68	9	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
easat-7291	68	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	68	11	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7291	68	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	68	13	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-7291	68	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	68	15	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-7291	68	16	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-7291	68	17	are	be	AUX
easat-7291	68	18	intertwined	intertwine	VERB
easat-7291	68	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	69	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-7291	69	2	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	69	3	connectivism	connectivism	NOUN
easat-7291	69	4	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7291	69	5	[	[	X
easat-7291	69	6	12	12	NUM
easat-7291	69	7	]	]	X
easat-7291	69	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	69	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	69	10	a	a	DET
easat-7291	69	11	process	process	NOUN
easat-7291	69	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	69	13	building	building	NOUN
easat-7291	69	14	networks	network	NOUN
easat-7291	69	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	70	1	the	the	DET
easat-7291	70	2	3clpc	3clpc	PROPN
easat-7291	70	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	70	4	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7291	70	5	this	this	DET
easat-7291	70	6	principle	principle	NOUN
easat-7291	70	7	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	70	8	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-7291	70	9	cloud	cloud	NOUN
easat-7291	70	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	70	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	70	12	community	community	NOUN
easat-7291	70	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	70	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	70	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	70	16	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN
easat-7291	70	17	to	to	PART
easat-7291	70	18	develop	develop	VERB
easat-7291	70	19	future	future	ADJ
easat-7291	70	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	70	21	ready	ready	ADJ
easat-7291	70	22	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-7291	70	23	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	70	24	high	high	ADJ
easat-7291	70	25	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	70	26	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	70	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	71	1	12	12	NUM
easat-7291	71	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	72	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-7291	72	2	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	72	3	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	72	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	72	5	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	72	6	thai	thai	PROPN
easat-7291	72	7	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	72	8	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	72	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	72	10	both	both	CCONJ
easat-7291	72	11	a	a	DET
easat-7291	72	12	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-7291	72	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	72	14	an	an	DET
easat-7291	72	15	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
easat-7291	72	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	73	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7291	73	2	requires	require	VERB
easat-7291	73	3	a	a	DET
easat-7291	73	4	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7291	73	5	-	-	ADJ
easat-7291	73	6	stakeholder	stakeholder	ADJ
easat-7291	73	7	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7291	73	8	involving	involve	VERB
easat-7291	73	9	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	73	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	73	11	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-7291	73	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	73	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-7291	73	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	73	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	73	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	73	17	partners	partner	NOUN
easat-7291	73	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	74	1	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	74	2	adopting	adopt	VERB
easat-7291	74	3	global	global	ADJ
easat-7291	74	4	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	74	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	74	6	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-7291	74	7	them	they	PRON
easat-7291	74	8	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	74	9	local	local	ADJ
easat-7291	74	10	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-7291	74	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	74	12	thailand	thailand	PROPN
easat-7291	74	13	can	can	AUX
easat-7291	74	14	equip	equip	VERB
easat-7291	74	15	its	its	PRON
easat-7291	74	16	university	university	NOUN
easat-7291	74	17	graduates	graduate	NOUN
easat-7291	74	18	with	with	ADP
easat-7291	74	19	the	the	DET
easat-7291	74	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	74	21	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-7291	74	22	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7291	74	23	to	to	PART
easat-7291	74	24	succeed	succeed	VERB
easat-7291	74	25	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	74	26	a	a	DET
easat-7291	74	27	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7291	74	28	global	global	ADJ
easat-7291	74	29	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-7291	74	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	75	1	1835	1835	NUM
easat-7291	75	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7291	75	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7291	75	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7291	75	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	75	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	75	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7291	75	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	75	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7291	75	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	75	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7291	75	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	75	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	76	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	76	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	76	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	76	6	:	:	SYM
easat-7291	76	7	1832	1832	NUM
easat-7291	76	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	76	9	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	76	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	76	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7291	76	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	PROPN
easat-7291	76	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	76	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	76	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	76	18	the	the	DET
easat-7291	76	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	76	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	76	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7291	76	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7291	76	24	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7291	76	25	1	1	NUM
easat-7291	76	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	27	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	76	28	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	76	29	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-7291	76	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	31	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
easat-7291	76	32	the	the	DET
easat-7291	76	33	average	average	ADJ
easat-7291	76	34	post	post	ADJ
easat-7291	76	35	-	-	ADJ
easat-7291	76	36	intervention	intervention	ADJ
easat-7291	76	37	scores	score	NOUN
easat-7291	76	38	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	76	39	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	76	40	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	76	41	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-7291	76	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	76	43	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	76	44	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	76	45	the	the	DET
easat-7291	76	46	digcompedu	digcompedu	PROPN
easat-7291	76	47	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	76	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	77	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7291	77	2	2	2	NUM
easat-7291	77	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	78	1	before	before	ADP
easat-7291	78	2	–	–	PUNCT
easat-7291	78	3	after	after	ADP
easat-7291	78	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-7291	78	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	78	6	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	78	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	78	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	79	1	compares	compare	VERB
easat-7291	79	2	the	the	DET
easat-7291	79	3	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	79	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	79	5	scores	score	NOUN
easat-7291	79	6	before	before	ADV
easat-7291	79	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	79	8	after	after	ADP
easat-7291	79	9	the	the	DET
easat-7291	79	10	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7291	79	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	79	12	the	the	DET
easat-7291	79	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	79	14	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7291	79	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	80	1	1836	1836	NUM
easat-7291	80	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7291	80	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7291	80	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7291	80	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	80	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	80	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7291	80	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	80	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7291	80	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	80	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7291	80	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	80	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	81	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	81	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	81	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	81	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	81	6	:	:	SYM
easat-7291	81	7	1832	1832	NUM
easat-7291	81	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	81	9	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	81	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	81	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	81	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7291	81	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	81	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	PROPN
easat-7291	81	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	81	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	81	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	81	18	the	the	DET
easat-7291	81	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	81	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	81	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	81	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7291	81	23	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-7291	81	24	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7291	81	25	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	81	26	.	.	X
easat-7291	82	1	3clpc	3clpc	NUM
easat-7291	82	2	infographic	infographic	ADJ
easat-7291	82	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	82	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	83	1	infographic	infographic	ADJ
easat-7291	83	2	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
easat-7291	83	3	the	the	DET
easat-7291	83	4	3clpc	3clpc	PROPN
easat-7291	83	5	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	83	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	83	7	cloud	cloud	NOUN
easat-7291	83	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	83	9	based	base	VERB
easat-7291	83	10	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7291	83	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	83	12	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-7291	83	13	coaching	coaching	NOUN
easat-7291	83	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	84	1	this	this	DET
easat-7291	84	2	model	model	NOUN
easat-7291	84	3	synergizes	synergize	VERB
easat-7291	84	4	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	84	5	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7291	84	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	84	7	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN
easat-7291	84	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	84	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	84	10	motivational	motivational	ADJ
easat-7291	84	11	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-7291	84	12	to	to	PART
easat-7291	84	13	promote	promote	VERB
easat-7291	84	14	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	84	15	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	84	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-7291	84	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	84	18	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	84	19	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	84	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	85	1	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7291	85	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	85	3	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7291	85	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	85	5	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7291	85	6	discussed	discuss	VERB
easat-7291	85	7	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	85	8	johnson	johnson	PROPN
easat-7291	85	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	85	10	et	et	PROPN
easat-7291	85	11	al	al	PROPN
easat-7291	85	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	86	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	86	2	13	13	NUM
easat-7291	86	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	86	4	are	be	AUX
easat-7291	86	5	proven	prove	VERB
easat-7291	86	6	to	to	PART
easat-7291	86	7	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7291	86	8	student	student	NOUN
easat-7291	86	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-7291	86	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	86	11	retention	retention	NOUN
easat-7291	86	12	through	through	ADP
easat-7291	86	13	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-7291	86	14	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-7291	86	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	86	16	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-7291	86	17	support	support	NOUN
easat-7291	86	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	87	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-7291	87	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	87	3	the	the	DET
easat-7291	87	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	87	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-7291	87	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7291	87	7	the	the	DET
easat-7291	87	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-7291	87	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	87	10	an	an	DET
easat-7291	87	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-7291	87	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	87	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-7291	87	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	87	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	87	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-7291	87	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-7291	87	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	87	19	the	the	DET
easat-7291	87	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	87	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	87	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7291	87	23	no	no	DET
easat-7291	87	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-7291	87	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7291	87	26	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	87	27	the	the	DET
easat-7291	87	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	87	29	have	have	AUX
easat-7291	87	30	been	be	AUX
easat-7291	87	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-7291	87	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	87	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	87	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7291	87	35	any	any	DET
easat-7291	87	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-7291	87	37	from	from	ADP
easat-7291	87	38	the	the	DET
easat-7291	87	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	87	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7291	87	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-7291	87	42	have	have	AUX
easat-7291	87	43	been	be	AUX
easat-7291	87	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-7291	87	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	88	1	this	this	DET
easat-7291	88	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7291	88	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-7291	88	4	all	all	DET
easat-7291	88	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-7291	88	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7291	88	7	during	during	ADP
easat-7291	88	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-7291	88	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	89	1	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN
easat-7291	89	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	89	3	the	the	DET
easat-7291	89	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	89	5	would	would	AUX
easat-7291	89	6	like	like	VERB
easat-7291	89	7	to	to	PART
easat-7291	89	8	express	express	VERB
easat-7291	89	9	their	their	PRON
easat-7291	89	10	sincere	sincere	ADJ
easat-7291	89	11	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN
easat-7291	89	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7291	89	13	king	king	PROPN
easat-7291	89	14	mongkut	mongkut	PROPN
easat-7291	89	15	’s	’s	PROPN
easat-7291	89	16	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-7291	89	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	89	18	technology	technology	PROPN
easat-7291	89	19	ladkrabang	ladkrabang	PROPN
easat-7291	89	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	89	21	kmitl	kmitl	PROPN
easat-7291	89	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	89	23	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	89	24	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-7291	89	25	support	support	NOUN
easat-7291	89	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	89	27	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-7291	89	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	90	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-7291	90	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	90	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	90	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	90	5	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	90	6	the	the	DET
easat-7291	90	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	90	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	91	1	this	this	DET
easat-7291	91	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-7291	91	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	91	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-7291	91	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-7291	91	6	is	be	AUX
easat-7291	91	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-7291	91	8	under	under	ADP
easat-7291	91	9	the	the	DET
easat-7291	91	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-7291	91	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	91	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-7291	91	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	91	14	the	the	DET
easat-7291	91	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-7291	91	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-7291	91	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-7291	91	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	91	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-7291	91	20	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	91	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	91	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-7291	91	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7291	91	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-7291	91	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7291	91	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	92	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-7291	92	2	[	[	X
easat-7291	92	3	1	1	X
easat-7291	92	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	92	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7291	92	6	hattie	hattie	PROPN
easat-7291	92	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	92	8	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7291	92	9	zierer	zierer	PROPN
easat-7291	92	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	92	11	10	10	NUM
easat-7291	92	12	mindframes	mindframe	NOUN
easat-7291	92	13	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	92	14	visible	visible	ADJ
easat-7291	92	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	92	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	92	17	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-7291	92	18	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	92	19	success	success	NOUN
easat-7291	92	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	93	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-7291	93	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	93	3	routledge	routledge	PROPN
easat-7291	93	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	93	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-7291	93	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	94	2	2	2	X
easat-7291	94	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7291	94	5	leahy	leahy	PROPN
easat-7291	94	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	94	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7291	94	8	dolan	dolan	PROPN
easat-7291	94	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	94	12	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	94	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	14	a	a	DET
easat-7291	94	15	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-7291	94	16	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	94	17	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	94	18	21st	21st	ADJ
easat-7291	94	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	20	century	century	NOUN
easat-7291	94	21	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	94	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	24	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-7291	94	25	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	94	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	94	27	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	94	28	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	95	1	50	50	NUM
easat-7291	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	95	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	95	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	95	5	4	4	NUM
easat-7291	95	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	95	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	95	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	96	1	23–29	23–29	NUM
easat-7291	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	96	3	2010	2010	NUM
easat-7291	96	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	97	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-7291	97	2	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	97	3	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7291	97	4	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7291	97	5	science	science	NOUN
easat-7291	97	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	97	7	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	97	8	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7291	97	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	97	10	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7291	97	11	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	97	12	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7291	97	13	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	97	14	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	98	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	98	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	98	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	98	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7291	98	6	:	:	SYM
easat-7291	98	7	1832	1832	NUM
easat-7291	98	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	98	9	1837	1837	NUM
easat-7291	98	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	98	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	98	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7291	98	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	98	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7291	PROPN
easat-7291	98	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7291	98	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7291	98	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	98	18	the	the	DET
easat-7291	98	19	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7291	98	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7291	98	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7291	98	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	98	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7291	99	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	99	2	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	99	3	]	]	X
easat-7291	99	4	unesco	unesco	PROPN
easat-7291	99	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	99	6	a	a	DET
easat-7291	99	7	global	global	ADJ
easat-7291	99	8	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	99	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	99	10	reference	reference	NOUN
easat-7291	99	11	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	99	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	99	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	99	14	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-7291	99	15	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	99	16	indicator	indicator	NOUN
easat-7291	99	17	4.4.2	4.4.2	NUM
easat-7291	99	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	99	19	montreal	montreal	PROPN
easat-7291	99	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	99	21	canada	canada	PROPN
easat-7291	99	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	99	23	unesco	unesco	PROPN
easat-7291	99	24	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-7291	99	25	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	99	26	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-7291	99	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	99	28	2018	2018	NUM
easat-7291	99	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	100	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	100	2	4	4	NUM
easat-7291	100	3	]	]	X
easat-7291	100	4	european	european	PROPN
easat-7291	100	5	commission	commission	PROPN
easat-7291	100	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	100	7	european	european	ADJ
easat-7291	100	8	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	100	9	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	100	10	the	the	DET
easat-7291	100	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	100	12	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	100	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	100	14	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	100	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	100	16	digcompedu	digcompedu	PROPN
easat-7291	100	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	101	1	luxembourg	luxembourg	PROPN
easat-7291	101	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	101	3	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-7291	101	4	office	office	NOUN
easat-7291	101	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	101	6	the	the	DET
easat-7291	101	7	european	european	PROPN
easat-7291	101	8	union	union	PROPN
easat-7291	101	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	101	10	2017	2017	NUM
easat-7291	101	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	102	2	5	5	X
easat-7291	102	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7291	102	5	anderson	anderson	PROPN
easat-7291	102	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	102	7	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7291	102	8	dron	dron	PROPN
easat-7291	102	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	11	three	three	NUM
easat-7291	102	12	generations	generation	NOUN
easat-7291	102	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	102	14	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-7291	102	15	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	102	16	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-7291	102	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	19	international	international	ADJ
easat-7291	102	20	review	review	NOUN
easat-7291	102	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	102	22	research	research	NOUN
easat-7291	102	23	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	102	24	open	open	ADJ
easat-7291	102	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	102	26	distributed	distributed	ADJ
easat-7291	102	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	102	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	102	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	102	31	12	12	NUM
easat-7291	102	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	102	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	102	35	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	102	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	102	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	39	80	80	NUM
easat-7291	102	40	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	102	41	97	97	NUM
easat-7291	102	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	102	43	2011	2011	NUM
easat-7291	102	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	103	1	https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.890	https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.890	VERB
easat-7291	103	2	[	[	PUNCT
easat-7291	103	3	6	6	NUM
easat-7291	103	4	]	]	X
easat-7291	103	5	c.	c.	NOUN
easat-7291	103	6	redecker	redecker	NOUN
easat-7291	103	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	103	8	european	european	ADJ
easat-7291	103	9	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	103	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	103	11	the	the	DET
easat-7291	103	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	103	13	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	103	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	103	15	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-7291	103	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	103	17	digcompedu	digcompedu	PROPN
easat-7291	103	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	104	1	luxembourg	luxembourg	PROPN
easat-7291	104	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	104	3	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-7291	104	4	office	office	NOUN
easat-7291	104	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	104	6	the	the	DET
easat-7291	104	7	european	european	PROPN
easat-7291	104	8	union	union	PROPN
easat-7291	104	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	104	10	2017	2017	NUM
easat-7291	104	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	105	2	7	7	X
easat-7291	105	3	]	]	X
easat-7291	105	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7291	105	5	voogt	voogt	PROPN
easat-7291	105	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	105	7	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-7291	105	8	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-7291	105	9	roblin	roblin	PROPN
easat-7291	105	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	12	a	a	DET
easat-7291	105	13	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-7291	105	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7291	105	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	105	16	international	international	ADJ
easat-7291	105	17	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-7291	105	18	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	105	19	21st	21st	ADJ
easat-7291	105	20	century	century	NOUN
easat-7291	105	21	competences	competence	NOUN
easat-7291	105	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	23	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-7291	105	24	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	105	25	national	national	ADJ
easat-7291	105	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-7291	105	27	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7291	105	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	30	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7291	105	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	105	32	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-7291	105	33	studies	study	NOUN
easat-7291	105	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	105	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	105	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	106	1	44	44	NUM
easat-7291	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	106	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	106	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	106	5	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	106	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	106	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	106	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	107	1	299	299	NUM
easat-7291	107	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	107	3	321	321	NUM
easat-7291	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	107	5	2012	2012	NUM
easat-7291	107	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	108	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938	PROPN
easat-7291	109	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	109	2	8	8	NUM
easat-7291	109	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7291	109	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7291	109	6	lippincott	lippincott	PROPN
easat-7291	109	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	9	nformation	nformation	NOUN
easat-7291	109	10	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	109	11	meets	meet	VERB
easat-7291	109	12	e	e	NOUN
easat-7291	109	13	-	-	ADJ
easat-7291	109	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	109	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	16	let	let	VERB
easat-7291	109	17	’s	’s	ADJ
easat-7291	109	18	talk	talk	VERB
easat-7291	109	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	21	change	change	NOUN
easat-7291	109	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	23	the	the	DET
easat-7291	109	24	magazine	magazine	NOUN
easat-7291	109	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	109	26	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7291	109	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	109	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	109	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	109	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	110	1	42	42	NUM
easat-7291	110	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	110	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	110	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	110	5	2	2	NUM
easat-7291	110	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	110	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	110	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	111	1	50–55	50–55	NUM
easat-7291	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	111	3	2010	2010	NUM
easat-7291	111	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	112	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/00091381003590871	https://doi.org/10.1080/00091381003590871	X
easat-7291	113	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	113	2	9	9	NUM
easat-7291	113	3	]	]	X
easat-7291	113	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-7291	113	5	ng	ng	PROPN
easat-7291	113	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	8	can	can	AUX
easat-7291	113	9	we	we	PRON
easat-7291	113	10	teach	teach	VERB
easat-7291	113	11	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	113	12	natives	native	NOUN
easat-7291	113	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	113	14	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-7291	113	15	?	?	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	18	computers	computer	NOUN
easat-7291	113	19	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7291	113	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	113	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	113	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	113	24	59	59	NUM
easat-7291	113	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	26	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	113	27	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	113	28	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	113	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	113	30	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	113	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	114	1	1065	1065	NUM
easat-7291	114	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	114	3	1078	1078	NUM
easat-7291	114	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	114	5	2012	2012	NUM
easat-7291	114	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	115	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016	PRON
easat-7291	115	2	[	[	X
easat-7291	115	3	10	10	NUM
easat-7291	115	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	115	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7291	115	6	bandura	bandura	NOUN
easat-7291	115	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	115	8	self	self	NOUN
easat-7291	115	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	115	10	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-7291	115	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	115	12	the	the	DET
easat-7291	115	13	exercise	exercise	NOUN
easat-7291	115	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	115	15	control	control	NOUN
easat-7291	115	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	116	1	new	new	PROPN
easat-7291	116	2	york	york	PROPN
easat-7291	116	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	116	4	w.h	w.h	PROPN
easat-7291	116	5	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	116	6	freeman	freeman	PROPN
easat-7291	116	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	116	8	1997	1997	NUM
easat-7291	116	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	117	2	11	11	NUM
easat-7291	117	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7291	117	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7291	117	6	ertmer	ertmer	PROPN
easat-7291	117	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	117	8	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7291	117	9	t.	t.	NOUN
easat-7291	117	10	ottenbreit	ottenbreit	PROPN
easat-7291	117	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	12	leftwich	leftwich	PROPN
easat-7291	117	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-7291	117	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	117	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-7291	117	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	19	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7291	117	20	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-7291	117	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	22	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7291	117	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	24	beliefs	belief	NOUN
easat-7291	117	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	117	27	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-7291	117	28	intersect	intersect	ADJ
easat-7291	117	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	31	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7291	117	32	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	117	33	research	research	NOUN
easat-7291	117	34	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	117	35	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	117	36	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	117	37	education	education	NOUN
easat-7291	117	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	117	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	117	41	42	42	NUM
easat-7291	117	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	43	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	117	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	117	45	3	3	NUM
easat-7291	117	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	117	47	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	117	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	118	1	255	255	NUM
easat-7291	118	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7291	118	3	284	284	NUM
easat-7291	118	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	118	5	2010	2010	NUM
easat-7291	118	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	119	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551	https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551	X
easat-7291	120	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	120	2	12	12	NUM
easat-7291	120	3	]	]	X
easat-7291	120	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-7291	120	5	siemens	siemens	PROPN
easat-7291	120	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	8	connectivism	connectivism	NOUN
easat-7291	120	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	10	a	a	DET
easat-7291	120	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	120	12	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7291	120	13	for	for	ADP
easat-7291	120	14	the	the	DET
easat-7291	120	15	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7291	120	16	age	age	NOUN
easat-7291	120	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	19	international	international	ADJ
easat-7291	120	20	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7291	120	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7291	120	22	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-7291	120	23	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7291	120	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	120	25	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-7291	120	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	120	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	120	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	120	30	2	2	NUM
easat-7291	120	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	32	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	120	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-7291	120	34	1	1	NUM
easat-7291	120	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	36	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7291	120	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	38	3–10	3–10	NOUN
easat-7291	120	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	120	40	2005	2005	NUM
easat-7291	120	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	1	[	[	X
easat-7291	121	2	13	13	NUM
easat-7291	121	3	]	]	X
easat-7291	121	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	5	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	6	johnson	johnson	PROPN
easat-7291	121	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	8	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	9	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	10	johnson	johnson	PROPN
easat-7291	121	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7291	121	13	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	14	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	15	smith	smith	PROPN
easat-7291	121	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	18	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
easat-7291	121	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7291	121	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	21	improving	improve	VERB
easat-7291	121	22	university	university	NOUN
easat-7291	121	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-7291	121	24	by	by	ADP
easat-7291	121	25	basing	base	VERB
easat-7291	121	26	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-7291	121	27	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	121	28	validated	validate	VERB
easat-7291	121	29	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7291	121	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	32	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7291	121	33	on	on	ADP
easat-7291	121	34	excellence	excellence	PROPN
easat-7291	121	35	in	in	ADP
easat-7291	121	36	college	college	NOUN
easat-7291	121	37	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-7291	121	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7291	121	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-7291	121	41	25	25	NUM
easat-7291	121	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	121	43	no	no	INTJ
easat-7291	121	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	122	1	3&4	3&4	NUM
easat-7291	122	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	122	3	pp	pp	PROPN
easat-7291	122	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	123	1	85–118	85–118	NUM
easat-7291	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7291	123	3	2014	2014	NUM
easat-7291	123	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7291	124	1	https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.890	https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.890	VERB
easat-7291	124	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938	https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938	PROPN
easat-7291	124	3	https://doi.org/10.1080/00091381003590871	https://doi.org/10.1080/00091381003590871	VERB
easat-7291	124	4	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016	PROPN
easat-7291	124	5	https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551	https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782551	PROPN