id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-7442	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	2	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	2	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	2	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-7442	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-7442	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	2	17	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	2	18	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	2	19	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	2	20	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	2	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	2	22	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	2	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	2	24	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	2	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	2	26	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	3	5	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-7442	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-7442	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	14	24	24	NUM
easat-7442	3	15	february	february	NOUN
easat-7442	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-7442	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	20	29	29	NUM
easat-7442	3	21	april	april	PROPN
easat-7442	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-7442	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	26	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	3	27	may	may	PROPN
easat-7442	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-7442	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	32	22	22	NUM
easat-7442	3	33	may	may	PROPN
easat-7442	3	34	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	3	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	36	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-7442	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	3	38	xiaohua.zhou@gingkoc.edu.cn	xiaohua.zhou@gingkoc.edu.cn	X
easat-7442	4	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	4	2	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	3	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	4	4	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-7442	4	5	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	4	7	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	4	8	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	4	9	making	make	VERB
easat-7442	4	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	11	an	an	DET
easat-7442	4	12	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	4	13	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	4	14	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	4	15	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	4	16	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	4	17	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	4	18	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	4	19	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	4	20	xiaohua	xiaohua	PROPN
easat-7442	4	21	zhou1	zhou1	PROPN
easat-7442	4	22	*	*	PROPN
easat-7442	4	23	1department	1department	NUM
easat-7442	4	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	4	25	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	4	26	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	4	27	gingko	gingko	PROPN
easat-7442	4	28	college	college	PROPN
easat-7442	4	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	4	30	hospitality	hospitality	PROPN
easat-7442	4	31	management	management	PROPN
easat-7442	4	32	chengdu	chengdu	PROPN
easat-7442	4	33	610000	610000	NUM
easat-7442	4	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	35	sichuan	sichuan	PROPN
easat-7442	4	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	37	china	china	PROPN
easat-7442	4	38	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	39	xiaohua.zhou@gingkoc.edu.cn	xiaohua.zhou@gingkoc.edu.cn	PROPN
easat-7442	4	40	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	41	x.z	x.z	PROPN
easat-7442	4	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	4	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	4	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	5	1	abstract	abstract	ADV
easat-7442	5	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	5	3	this	this	DET
easat-7442	5	4	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7442	5	5	addresses	address	VERB
easat-7442	5	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	5	7	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	5	8	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-7442	5	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	5	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	5	11	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	5	12	confusion	confusion	NOUN
easat-7442	5	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	5	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	5	15	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	5	16	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	5	17	decisionmaking	decisionmaking	NOUN
easat-7442	5	18	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	5	19	proposing	propose	VERB
easat-7442	5	20	an	an	DET
easat-7442	5	21	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-7442	5	22	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	5	23	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	5	24	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	5	25	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	5	26	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	5	27	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	5	28	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	5	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	1	grounded	ground	VERB
easat-7442	6	2	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	6	3	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	6	4	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	6	5	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	6	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	7	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	6	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	6	11	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	6	12	employs	employ	VERB
easat-7442	6	13	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	6	14	like	like	ADP
easat-7442	6	15	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	6	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	17	indifferences	indifference	NOUN
easat-7442	6	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	19	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	6	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	22	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	6	23	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	6	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	25	iv	iv	NOUN
easat-7442	6	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	6	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	6	29	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	6	30	generative	generative	ADJ
easat-7442	6	31	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-7442	6	32	networks	network	NOUN
easat-7442	6	33	to	to	PART
easat-7442	6	34	block	block	VERB
easat-7442	6	35	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	6	36	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	6	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	6	38	solve	solve	VERB
easat-7442	6	39	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	6	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	7	2	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	7	3	features	feature	VERB
easat-7442	7	4	a	a	DET
easat-7442	7	5	three	three	NUM
easat-7442	7	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	7	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	7	8	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-7442	7	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	7	11	data	data	NOUN
easat-7442	7	12	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	7	13	identifies	identify	VERB
easat-7442	7	14	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	7	15	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	7	16	via	via	ADP
easat-7442	7	17	directed	direct	VERB
easat-7442	7	18	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
easat-7442	7	19	graphs	graph	NOUN
easat-7442	7	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	21	dags	dag	NOUN
easat-7442	7	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	7	24	screens	screen	NOUN
easat-7442	7	25	causal	causal	ADV
easat-7442	7	26	features	feature	VERB
easat-7442	7	27	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	7	28	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	7	29	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7442	7	30	component	component	NOUN
easat-7442	7	31	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	7	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	33	c	c	NOUN
easat-7442	7	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	35	pca	pca	NOUN
easat-7442	7	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	37	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	38	the	the	DET
easat-7442	7	39	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	7	40	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	7	41	fuses	fuse	VERB
easat-7442	7	42	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-7442	7	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	7	44	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	7	45	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-7442	7	46	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	7	47	a	a	DET
easat-7442	7	48	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	7	49	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	7	50	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	7	51	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	7	52	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	53	dscm	dscm	PROPN
easat-7442	7	54	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	56	generating	generate	VERB
easat-7442	7	57	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	7	58	budgets	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	7	59	via	via	ADP
easat-7442	7	60	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	7	61	carlo	carlo	PROPN
easat-7442	7	62	simulation	simulation	PROPN
easat-7442	7	63	to	to	PART
easat-7442	7	64	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	7	65	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	7	66	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	7	67	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	7	68	balance	balance	VERB
easat-7442	7	69	interdepartmental	interdepartmental	ADJ
easat-7442	7	70	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-7442	7	71	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	7	72	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	7	73	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	7	74	agent	agent	ADJ
easat-7442	7	75	games	game	NOUN
easat-7442	7	76	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	77	the	the	DET
easat-7442	7	78	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	7	79	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	7	80	designs	design	VERB
easat-7442	7	81	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-7442	7	82	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	7	83	rewards	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	7	84	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	7	85	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	7	86	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	7	87	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	7	88	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	7	89	embedding	embed	VERB
easat-7442	7	90	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	7	91	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-7442	7	92	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	7	93	addressing	address	VERB
easat-7442	7	94	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	7	95	drift	drift	NOUN
easat-7442	7	96	via	via	ADP
easat-7442	7	97	online	online	ADJ
easat-7442	7	98	a	a	DET
easat-7442	7	99	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	7	100	b	b	NOUN
easat-7442	7	101	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-7442	7	102	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	8	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	8	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-7442	8	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	8	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	8	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	8	6	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	8	7	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	8	8	show	show	VERB
easat-7442	8	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	8	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	8	11	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	8	12	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	8	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	8	14	improves	improve	VERB
easat-7442	8	15	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	8	16	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	8	17	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	8	18	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	8	19	18.7	18.7	NUM
easat-7442	8	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	8	21	compared	compare	VERB
easat-7442	8	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	8	23	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	8	24	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	8	25	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	8	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	8	27	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-7442	8	28	corrects	correct	VERB
easat-7442	8	29	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	8	30	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	8	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	8	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	8	33	captures	capture	VERB
easat-7442	8	34	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
easat-7442	8	35	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	8	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	9	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-7442	9	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-7442	9	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	9	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	9	6	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	9	7	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-7442	9	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	9	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	9	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	9	11	organic	organic	ADJ
easat-7442	9	12	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-7442	9	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	9	14	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	9	15	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	9	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	9	17	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7442	9	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	19	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	9	20	brought	bring	VERB
easat-7442	9	21	a	a	DET
easat-7442	9	22	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-7442	9	23	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-7442	9	24	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	9	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	26	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	9	27	fitting	fitting	ADJ
easat-7442	9	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	29	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	9	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	31	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	9	32	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	9	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	34	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	9	35	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	9	36	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	9	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	38	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	9	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	9	40	greatly	greatly	ADV
easat-7442	9	41	improving	improve	VERB
easat-7442	9	42	the	the	DET
easat-7442	9	43	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-7442	9	44	rigor	rigor	NOUN
easat-7442	9	45	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	9	46	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-7442	9	47	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	9	48	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	9	49	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	9	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-7442	10	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	3	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7442	10	4	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	10	5	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	10	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	7	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	10	8	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	10	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	10	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	10	11	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	10	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	13	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	10	14	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	10	15	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	10	16	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	10	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	18	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	10	19	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	10	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	10	21	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	10	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	1	1	1	X
easat-7442	11	2	.	.	X
easat-7442	11	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-7442	11	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	11	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	11	6	wave	wave	NOUN
easat-7442	11	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	11	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-7442	11	9	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-7442	11	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	11	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	11	12	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	11	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	14	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	11	15	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	11	16	undergoing	undergo	VERB
easat-7442	11	17	a	a	DET
easat-7442	11	18	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-7442	11	19	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-7442	11	20	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	11	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	22	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-7442	11	23	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7442	11	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	25	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	11	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	27	data	data	NOUN
easat-7442	11	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	29	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7442	11	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	11	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7442	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	12	4	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	12	5	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	12	6	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	12	7	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	12	8	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	12	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	12	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	11	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	12	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	12	13	linear	linear	PROPN
easat-7442	12	14	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-7442	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	12	16	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	12	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	12	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	19	generally	generally	ADV
easat-7442	12	20	face	face	VERB
easat-7442	12	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	12	22	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	12	23	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-7442	12	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	12	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	26	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	12	27	confusion	confusion	NOUN
easat-7442	12	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	29	mistaking	mistake	VERB
easat-7442	12	30	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	12	31	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	12	32	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	12	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	34	leading	lead	VERB
easat-7442	12	35	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	12	36	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	12	37	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	12	38	deviating	deviate	VERB
easat-7442	12	39	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	12	40	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	12	41	needs	need	NOUN
easat-7442	12	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	12	43	causing	cause	VERB
easat-7442	12	44	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-7442	12	45	misallocation	misallocation	NOUN
easat-7442	12	46	[	[	X
easat-7442	12	47	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	12	48	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	12	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	13	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	13	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	13	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	13	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	13	5	high	high	ADJ
easat-7442	13	6	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	13	7	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	13	8	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	13	9	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	13	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	13	11	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	13	12	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	13	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	13	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	13	15	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	13	16	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	13	17	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	13	18	mask	mask	VERB
easat-7442	13	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	13	20	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	13	21	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	13	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	13	23	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	13	24	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	13	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	13	26	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7442	13	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	13	28	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-7442	13	29	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	13	30	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	13	31	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	13	32	the	the	DET
easat-7442	13	33	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-7442	13	34	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	13	35	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	13	36	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	13	37	affected	affect	VERB
easat-7442	13	38	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	13	39	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	13	40	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7442	13	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	13	42	unable	unable	ADJ
easat-7442	13	43	to	to	PART
easat-7442	13	44	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	13	45	the	the	DET
easat-7442	13	46	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	13	47	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	13	48	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	13	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	14	1	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7442	14	2	to	to	PART
easat-7442	14	3	penetrate	penetrate	VERB
easat-7442	14	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	14	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	14	6	representation	representation	NOUN
easat-7442	14	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	14	8	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-7442	14	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	14	10	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	14	11	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	14	12	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-7442	14	13	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	14	14	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	14	15	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	14	16	become	become	VERB
easat-7442	14	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	14	18	key	key	NOUN
easat-7442	14	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	14	20	improving	improve	VERB
easat-7442	14	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	14	22	scientificity	scientificity	NOUN
easat-7442	14	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	14	24	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	14	25	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	14	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	14	27	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	14	28	[	[	X
easat-7442	14	29	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	14	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	14	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	15	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	15	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	15	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	15	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	15	5	first	first	ADJ
easat-7442	15	6	to	to	PART
easat-7442	15	7	deeply	deeply	ADV
easat-7442	15	8	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-7442	15	9	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	15	10	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	15	11	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	15	12	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	15	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	15	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	15	15	providing	provide	VERB
easat-7442	15	16	an	an	DET
easat-7442	15	17	interpretable	interpretable	ADJ
easat-7442	15	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	15	19	interventionist	interventionist	ADJ
easat-7442	15	20	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-7442	15	21	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	15	22	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	15	23	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	15	24	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	15	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	15	26	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	16	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	16	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	16	3	future	future	NOUN
easat-7442	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	16	5	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	16	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	16	7	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	16	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	16	9	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	16	10	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-7442	16	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	16	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	16	13	this	this	DET
easat-7442	16	14	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	16	15	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	16	16	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	16	17	further	far	ADV
easat-7442	16	18	expanded	expand	VERB
easat-7442	16	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	16	20	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	16	21	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	16	22	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	16	23	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-7442	16	24	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	16	25	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	16	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	16	27	cross	cross	VERB
easat-7442	16	28	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	16	29	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-7442	16	30	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	16	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	16	32	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-7442	16	33	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	16	34	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	16	35	2207	2207	NUM
easat-7442	16	36	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	16	37	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	16	38	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	16	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	16	40	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	16	41	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	16	42	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	16	43	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	16	44	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	16	45	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	16	46	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	16	47	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	17	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	17	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	17	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	17	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	17	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	17	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	17	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	17	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	17	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	17	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	17	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	17	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	17	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	17	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	17	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	17	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	17	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	17	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	17	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	17	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	18	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	18	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	18	4	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-7442	18	5	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	18	6	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	7	passive	passive	ADJ
easat-7442	18	8	response	response	NOUN
easat-7442	18	9	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	18	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	18	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	18	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	14	active	active	ADJ
easat-7442	18	15	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	18	16	design	design	NOUN
easat-7442	18	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	18	20	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-7442	18	21	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	18	22	a	a	DET
easat-7442	18	23	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-7442	18	24	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	18	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	18	27	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	18	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	29	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	18	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	31	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	18	32	empowerment	empowerment	NOUN
easat-7442	18	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	34	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	18	35	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	18	36	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	18	37	[	[	X
easat-7442	18	38	3	3	NUM
easat-7442	18	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	40	4	4	NUM
easat-7442	18	41	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	18	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	19	1	2	2	X
easat-7442	19	2	.	.	X
easat-7442	19	3	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-7442	19	4	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-7442	19	5	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-7442	19	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	20	1	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	20	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	20	3	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	20	4	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	20	5	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	20	6	a	a	DET
easat-7442	20	7	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	20	8	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	20	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	20	10	typically	typically	ADV
easat-7442	20	11	compared	compare	VERB
easat-7442	20	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	20	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	20	14	discussed	discuss	VERB
easat-7442	20	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	20	16	relation	relation	NOUN
easat-7442	20	17	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	20	18	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	20	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	21	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-7442	21	2	both	both	DET
easat-7442	21	3	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	21	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	21	5	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	21	6	explore	explore	VERB
easat-7442	21	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	21	8	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	21	9	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	21	10	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	21	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	21	12	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	21	13	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	21	14	well	well	ADV
easat-7442	21	15	known	know	VERB
easat-7442	21	16	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	21	17	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	21	18	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	21	19	does	do	AUX
easat-7442	21	20	not	not	PART
easat-7442	21	21	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
easat-7442	21	22	mean	mean	VERB
easat-7442	21	23	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	21	24	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	22	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	22	2	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	22	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	22	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	23	1	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	23	2	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	23	3	go	go	VERB
easat-7442	23	4	further	far	ADV
easat-7442	23	5	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	23	6	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	23	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	23	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	23	9	intuitively	intuitively	ADV
easat-7442	23	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	23	11	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	23	12	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-7442	23	13	applies	apply	VERB
easat-7442	23	14	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	23	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	23	16	situation	situation	NOUN
easat-7442	23	17	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	23	18	event	event	NOUN
easat-7442	23	19	a	a	DET
easat-7442	23	20	leads	lead	NOUN
easat-7442	23	21	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	23	22	event	event	NOUN
easat-7442	23	23	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-7442	23	24	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	23	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	23	26	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	23	27	hand	hand	NOUN
easat-7442	23	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	23	29	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	23	30	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	23	31	a	a	DET
easat-7442	23	32	much	much	ADV
easat-7442	23	33	simpler	simple	ADJ
easat-7442	23	34	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	23	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	23	36	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	23	37	event	event	NOUN
easat-7442	23	38	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	23	39	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	23	40	related	relate	VERB
easat-7442	23	41	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	23	42	event	event	NOUN
easat-7442	23	43	b	b	NUM
easat-7442	23	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	23	45	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	23	46	one	one	NUM
easat-7442	23	47	event	event	NOUN
easat-7442	23	48	does	do	AUX
easat-7442	23	49	not	not	PART
easat-7442	23	50	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
easat-7442	23	51	lead	lead	VERB
easat-7442	23	52	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	23	53	the	the	DET
easat-7442	23	54	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
easat-7442	23	55	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	23	56	another	another	DET
easat-7442	23	57	event	event	NOUN
easat-7442	23	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	24	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	24	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	24	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	24	4	a	a	DET
easat-7442	24	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	24	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-7442	24	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	24	8	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	24	9	ice	ice	NOUN
easat-7442	24	10	cream	cream	NOUN
easat-7442	24	11	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	24	12	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	24	13	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	24	14	highly	highly	ADV
easat-7442	24	15	correlated	correlate	VERB
easat-7442	24	16	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	24	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	24	18	number	number	NOUN
easat-7442	24	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	24	20	shark	shark	NOUN
easat-7442	24	21	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-7442	24	22	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	24	23	humans	human	NOUN
easat-7442	24	24	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
easat-7442	24	25	each	each	DET
easat-7442	24	26	month	month	NOUN
easat-7442	25	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	25	2	6	6	NUM
easat-7442	25	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	25	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	26	1	although	although	SCONJ
easat-7442	26	2	these	these	DET
easat-7442	26	3	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	26	4	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	26	5	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	26	6	highly	highly	ADV
easat-7442	26	7	correlated	correlate	VERB
easat-7442	26	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	26	9	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	26	10	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	26	11	impossible	impossible	ADJ
easat-7442	26	12	to	to	PART
easat-7442	26	13	conclude	conclude	VERB
easat-7442	26	14	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	26	15	consuming	consume	VERB
easat-7442	26	16	ice	ice	NOUN
easat-7442	26	17	cream	cream	NOUN
easat-7442	26	18	leads	lead	VERB
easat-7442	26	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	26	20	shark	shark	NOUN
easat-7442	26	21	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-7442	26	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	26	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	26	24	vice	vice	ADV
easat-7442	26	25	versa	versa	ADV
easat-7442	26	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	27	1	a	a	DET
easat-7442	27	2	more	more	ADV
easat-7442	27	3	likely	likely	ADJ
easat-7442	27	4	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-7442	27	5	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	27	6	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	27	7	due	due	ADP
easat-7442	27	8	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	27	9	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	27	10	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	27	11	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	27	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	27	13	weather	weather	NOUN
easat-7442	27	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	27	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	27	16	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	27	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	27	18	ice	ice	NOUN
easat-7442	27	19	cream	cream	NOUN
easat-7442	27	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	27	21	shark	shark	NOUN
easat-7442	27	22	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-7442	27	23	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	27	24	humans	human	NOUN
easat-7442	27	25	increase	increase	VERB
easat-7442	27	26	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	27	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	27	28	summer	summer	NOUN
easat-7442	27	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	27	30	leading	lead	VERB
easat-7442	27	31	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	27	32	a	a	DET
easat-7442	27	33	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	27	34	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	27	35	these	these	DET
easat-7442	27	36	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	27	37	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	27	38	[	[	X
easat-7442	27	39	7	7	NUM
easat-7442	27	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	27	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	28	1	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-7442	28	2	examples	example	NOUN
easat-7442	28	3	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	28	4	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	28	5	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	28	6	found	find	VERB
easat-7442	28	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	28	8	product	product	NOUN
easat-7442	28	9	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	28	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	28	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	28	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	28	13	story	story	NOUN
easat-7442	28	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	28	15	beer	beer	NOUN
easat-7442	28	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	28	17	diapers	diaper	NOUN
easat-7442	28	18	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	28	19	a	a	DET
easat-7442	28	20	good	good	ADJ
easat-7442	28	21	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	28	22	to	to	PART
easat-7442	28	23	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
easat-7442	28	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	28	25	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	28	26	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	28	27	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	28	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	28	29	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	28	30	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	28	31	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	28	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	29	1	there	there	PRON
easat-7442	29	2	is	be	VERB
easat-7442	29	3	an	an	DET
easat-7442	29	4	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	29	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	29	6	placing	place	VERB
easat-7442	29	7	beer	beer	NOUN
easat-7442	29	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	29	9	diaper	diaper	NOUN
easat-7442	29	10	shelves	shelf	NOUN
easat-7442	29	11	together	together	ADV
easat-7442	29	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	29	13	supermarkets	supermarket	NOUN
easat-7442	29	14	promotes	promote	VERB
easat-7442	29	15	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	29	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	29	17	both	both	PRON
easat-7442	29	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	30	1	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	30	2	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	30	3	pure	pure	ADJ
easat-7442	30	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	30	5	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	30	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	30	7	beer	beer	NOUN
easat-7442	30	8	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	30	9	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	30	10	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	30	11	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	30	12	customers	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	30	13	who	who	PRON
easat-7442	30	14	purchase	purchase	VERB
easat-7442	30	15	diapers	diaper	NOUN
easat-7442	30	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	30	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	30	18	vice	vice	ADV
easat-7442	30	19	versa	versa	ADV
easat-7442	30	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	30	21	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	30	22	there	there	PRON
easat-7442	30	23	is	be	VERB
easat-7442	30	24	a	a	DET
easat-7442	30	25	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-7442	30	26	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	30	27	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	30	28	beer	beer	NOUN
easat-7442	30	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	30	30	diapers	diaper	NOUN
easat-7442	30	31	[	[	X
easat-7442	30	32	8	8	NUM
easat-7442	30	33	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	30	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	31	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7442	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	31	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	31	4	underlying	underlying	ADJ
easat-7442	31	5	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	31	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	31	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	31	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	31	9	young	young	ADJ
easat-7442	31	10	fathers	father	NOUN
easat-7442	31	11	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	31	12	choose	choose	VERB
easat-7442	31	13	some	some	DET
easat-7442	31	14	diapers	diaper	NOUN
easat-7442	31	15	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	31	16	buying	buy	VERB
easat-7442	31	17	beer	beer	NOUN
easat-7442	31	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	31	19	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	31	20	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	31	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	31	22	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-7442	31	23	behind	behind	ADP
easat-7442	31	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	31	25	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	31	26	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	31	27	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	31	28	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	31	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	31	30	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	31	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	32	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7442	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	32	3	beer	beer	NOUN
easat-7442	32	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	32	5	diapers	diaper	NOUN
easat-7442	32	6	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	32	7	not	not	PART
easat-7442	32	8	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	32	9	simply	simply	ADV
easat-7442	32	10	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	32	11	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	32	12	everyone	everyone	PRON
easat-7442	32	13	who	who	PRON
easat-7442	32	14	purchases	purchase	VERB
easat-7442	32	15	either	either	DET
easat-7442	32	16	product	product	NOUN
easat-7442	32	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	33	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	33	2	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-7442	33	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	33	4	recommending	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	33	5	products	product	NOUN
easat-7442	33	6	directly	directly	ADV
easat-7442	33	7	without	without	ADP
easat-7442	33	8	considering	consider	VERB
easat-7442	33	9	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	33	10	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	33	11	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	33	12	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	33	13	lead	lead	VERB
easat-7442	33	14	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	33	15	confusion	confusion	NOUN
easat-7442	33	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	33	17	a	a	DET
easat-7442	33	18	decrease	decrease	NOUN
easat-7442	33	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	33	20	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	33	21	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-7442	33	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	34	1	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	34	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	34	3	refers	refer	VERB
easat-7442	34	4	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	34	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	34	6	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	34	7	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	34	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	34	9	predicting	predict	VERB
easat-7442	34	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	34	11	explaining	explain	VERB
easat-7442	34	12	events	event	NOUN
easat-7442	34	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	34	14	analyzing	analyze	VERB
easat-7442	34	15	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	34	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	34	17	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	34	18	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	34	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	35	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	35	2	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	35	3	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	35	4	widely	widely	ADV
easat-7442	35	5	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	35	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	35	7	many	many	ADJ
easat-7442	35	8	fields	field	NOUN
easat-7442	35	9	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	35	10	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	35	11	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-7442	35	12	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	35	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	35	14	public	public	ADJ
easat-7442	35	15	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7442	35	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	35	17	economics	economic	NOUN
easat-7442	35	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	35	19	etc	etc	X
easat-7442	35	20	.	.	X
easat-7442	35	21	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	35	22	decades	decade	NOUN
easat-7442	35	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	36	1	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	36	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	36	3	usually	usually	ADV
easat-7442	36	4	involves	involve	VERB
easat-7442	36	5	some	some	DET
easat-7442	36	6	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-7442	36	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	36	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	36	9	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7442	36	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	36	11	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	36	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	36	13	randomized	randomized	ADJ
easat-7442	36	14	controlled	control	VERB
easat-7442	36	15	trials	trial	NOUN
easat-7442	36	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	36	17	propensity	propensity	NOUN
easat-7442	36	18	score	score	NOUN
easat-7442	36	19	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-7442	36	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	36	21	etc	etc	X
easat-7442	37	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	37	2	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	37	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	37	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	38	1	these	these	DET
easat-7442	38	2	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	38	3	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	38	4	determine	determine	VERB
easat-7442	38	5	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-7442	38	6	a	a	DET
easat-7442	38	7	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	38	8	has	have	VERB
easat-7442	38	9	a	a	DET
easat-7442	38	10	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7442	38	11	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-7442	38	12	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	38	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	38	14	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	38	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	38	16	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7442	38	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	38	18	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	38	19	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	38	20	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	38	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	39	1	generally	generally	ADV
easat-7442	39	2	speaking	speak	VERB
easat-7442	39	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	39	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	39	5	most	most	ADV
easat-7442	39	6	widely	widely	ADV
easat-7442	39	7	used	use	VERB
easat-7442	39	8	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7442	39	9	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	39	10	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	39	11	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	39	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	39	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	39	14	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	39	15	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	39	16	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	39	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	39	18	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	39	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	39	20	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-7442	39	21	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	39	22	pearl	pearl	NOUN
easat-7442	39	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	39	24	et	et	PROPN
easat-7442	39	25	al	al	PROPN
easat-7442	39	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	40	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	40	2	10	10	NUM
easat-7442	40	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	40	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	41	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-7442	41	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	42	1	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	42	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	42	3	counterfact	counterfact	NOUN
easat-7442	42	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	42	5	an	an	DET
easat-7442	42	6	important	important	ADJ
easat-7442	42	7	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-7442	42	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	42	9	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	42	10	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	42	11	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	42	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	42	13	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	42	14	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	42	15	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	42	16	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	42	17	facts	fact	NOUN
easat-7442	42	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	43	1	more	more	ADV
easat-7442	43	2	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-7442	43	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	43	4	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	43	5	means	mean	VERB
easat-7442	43	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	43	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	43	8	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	43	9	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	43	10	differs	differ	VERB
easat-7442	43	11	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	43	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	43	13	observed	observed	ADJ
easat-7442	43	14	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	43	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	43	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	43	17	factual	factual	ADJ
easat-7442	43	18	world	world	NOUN
easat-7442	43	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	44	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	44	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	44	4	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	44	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	44	6	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	44	7	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	44	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	44	9	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-7442	44	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	44	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	44	12	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	44	13	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	44	14	recovery	recovery	NOUN
easat-7442	44	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	44	16	a	a	DET
easat-7442	44	17	patient	patient	NOUN
easat-7442	44	18	who	who	PRON
easat-7442	44	19	recovers	recover	VERB
easat-7442	44	20	after	after	ADP
easat-7442	44	21	taking	take	VERB
easat-7442	44	22	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-7442	44	23	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	44	24	wonder	wonder	VERB
easat-7442	44	25	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-7442	44	26	they	they	PRON
easat-7442	44	27	will	will	AUX
easat-7442	44	28	recover	recover	VERB
easat-7442	44	29	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	44	30	they	they	PRON
easat-7442	44	31	do	do	AUX
easat-7442	44	32	not	not	PART
easat-7442	44	33	take	take	VERB
easat-7442	44	34	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-7442	44	35	[	[	X
easat-7442	44	36	11	11	NUM
easat-7442	44	37	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	44	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	45	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	45	2	this	this	DET
easat-7442	45	3	case	case	NOUN
easat-7442	45	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	45	5	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	45	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	45	7	factual	factual	ADJ
easat-7442	45	8	world	world	NOUN
easat-7442	45	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	45	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	45	11	patient	patient	NOUN
easat-7442	45	12	took	take	VERB
easat-7442	45	13	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-7442	45	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	45	15	recovered	recover	VERB
easat-7442	45	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	45	17	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7442	45	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	45	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	45	20	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	45	21	world	world	NOUN
easat-7442	45	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	45	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	45	24	patient	patient	NOUN
easat-7442	45	25	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	45	26	not	not	PART
easat-7442	45	27	take	take	VERB
easat-7442	45	28	medication	medication	NOUN
easat-7442	45	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	45	30	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	45	31	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	45	32	impossible	impossible	ADJ
easat-7442	45	33	to	to	PART
easat-7442	45	34	know	know	VERB
easat-7442	45	35	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-7442	45	36	they	they	PRON
easat-7442	45	37	will	will	AUX
easat-7442	45	38	recover	recover	VERB
easat-7442	45	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	46	1	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-7442	46	2	examples	example	NOUN
easat-7442	46	3	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	46	4	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	46	5	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	46	6	observed	observe	VERB
easat-7442	46	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	46	8	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	46	9	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7442	46	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	46	11	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	46	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	46	13	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	46	14	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	46	15	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	46	16	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	46	17	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	46	18	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	46	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	46	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	46	21	result	result	NOUN
easat-7442	46	22	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	46	23	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	46	24	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	46	25	user	user	NOUN
easat-7442	46	26	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-7442	46	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	46	28	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	46	29	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	46	30	clicks	click	NOUN
easat-7442	46	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	46	32	purchases	purchase	NOUN
easat-7442	46	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	46	34	etc	etc	X
easat-7442	46	35	.	.	X
easat-7442	47	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	47	2	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-7442	47	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	47	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	47	5	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	47	6	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	47	7	to	to	PART
easat-7442	47	8	maximize	maximize	VERB
easat-7442	47	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	47	10	incremental	incremental	ADJ
easat-7442	47	11	user	user	NOUN
easat-7442	47	12	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-7442	47	13	caused	cause	VERB
easat-7442	47	14	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	47	15	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	47	16	[	[	X
easat-7442	47	17	12	12	NUM
easat-7442	47	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	47	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	48	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7442	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	48	3	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	48	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	48	5	factual	factual	ADJ
easat-7442	48	6	world	world	NOUN
easat-7442	48	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	48	8	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	48	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	48	10	impossible	impossible	ADJ
easat-7442	48	11	for	for	SCONJ
easat-7442	48	12	a	a	DET
easat-7442	48	13	project	project	NOUN
easat-7442	48	14	to	to	PART
easat-7442	48	15	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	48	16	both	both	PRON
easat-7442	48	17	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	48	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	48	19	not	not	PART
easat-7442	48	20	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	48	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	48	22	so	so	CCONJ
easat-7442	48	23	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	48	24	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	48	25	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7442	48	26	to	to	PART
easat-7442	48	27	apply	apply	VERB
easat-7442	48	28	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	48	29	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	48	30	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	48	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	49	1	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	49	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	49	3	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	49	4	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	49	5	widely	widely	ADV
easat-7442	49	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	49	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	49	8	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
easat-7442	49	9	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7442	49	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	49	11	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	49	12	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	49	13	great	great	ADJ
easat-7442	49	14	success	success	NOUN
easat-7442	50	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	50	2	13	13	NUM
easat-7442	50	3	]	]	SYM
easat-7442	50	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	51	1	2208	2208	NUM
easat-7442	51	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	51	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	51	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	51	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	51	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	51	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	51	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	51	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	51	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	51	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	51	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	51	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	52	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	52	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	52	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	52	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	52	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	52	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	52	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	52	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	52	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	52	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	52	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	52	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	52	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	52	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	52	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	52	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	52	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	52	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	52	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	53	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	53	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	53	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	53	4	2.2.1	2.2.1	NUM
easat-7442	53	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	53	6	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	53	7	explanation	explanation	NOUN
easat-7442	53	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	53	9	counterfacts	counterfact	NOUN
easat-7442	53	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	53	11	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	53	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	53	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	53	14	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-7442	53	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	53	16	setting	set	VERB
easat-7442	53	17	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	53	18	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	53	19	to	to	PART
easat-7442	53	20	value	value	VERB
easat-7442	53	21	x	x	VERB
easat-7442	53	22	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	53	23	simulated	simulate	VERB
easat-7442	53	24	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	53	25	replacing	replace	VERB
easat-7442	53	26	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	53	27	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	53	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	53	29	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	53	30	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	53	31	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	53	32	the	the	DET
easat-7442	53	33	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	53	34	x	x	X
easat-7442	53	35	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	53	36	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	53	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	53	38	thus	thus	ADV
easat-7442	53	39	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	53	40	a	a	DET
easat-7442	53	41	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	53	42	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	53	43	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	53	44	to	to	PART
easat-7442	53	45	predict	predict	VERB
easat-7442	53	46	the	the	DET
easat-7442	53	47	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	53	48	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	53	49	actions	action	NOUN
easat-7442	53	50	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	53	51	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	53	52	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	53	53	have	have	AUX
easat-7442	53	54	never	never	ADV
easat-7442	53	55	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	53	56	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-7442	53	57	before	before	ADV
easat-7442	53	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	54	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	54	2	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	54	3	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	54	4	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	54	5	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	54	6	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	54	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	54	8	a	a	DET
easat-7442	54	9	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-7442	54	10	way	way	NOUN
easat-7442	54	11	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	54	12	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	54	13	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	54	14	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	54	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	55	1	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	55	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	55	3	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	55	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	55	5	all	all	DET
easat-7442	55	6	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	55	7	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	55	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	55	9	function	function	VERB
easat-7442	55	10	f	f	PROPN
easat-7442	55	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	55	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	55	13	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	55	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	55	15	such	such	DET
easat-7442	55	16	a	a	DET
easat-7442	55	17	deterministic	deterministic	ADJ
easat-7442	55	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	55	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	55	20	each	each	DET
easat-7442	55	21	assignment	assignment	NOUN
easat-7442	55	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	55	23	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	55	24	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	55	25	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	55	26	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	55	27	an	an	DET
easat-7442	55	28	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	55	29	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	55	30	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	55	31	associated	associate	VERB
easat-7442	55	32	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	55	33	each	each	DET
easat-7442	55	34	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-7442	55	35	member	member	NOUN
easat-7442	55	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	55	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	55	38	population	population	NOUN
easat-7442	55	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	55	40	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	55	41	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	55	42	an	an	DET
easat-7442	55	43	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	55	44	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	55	45	the	the	DET
easat-7442	55	46	population	population	NOUN
easat-7442	55	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	55	48	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	55	49	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	55	50	a	a	DET
easat-7442	55	51	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7442	55	52	situation	situation	NOUN
easat-7442	55	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	56	1	since	since	SCONJ
easat-7442	56	2	each	each	DET
easat-7442	56	3	assignment	assignment	NOUN
easat-7442	56	4	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	56	5	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	56	6	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	56	7	uniquely	uniquely	ADV
easat-7442	56	8	determines	determine	VERB
easat-7442	56	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	56	10	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	56	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	56	12	all	all	DET
easat-7442	56	13	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	56	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	56	15	v	v	NOUN
easat-7442	56	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	56	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	56	18	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	56	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	56	20	each	each	DET
easat-7442	56	21	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	56	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	56	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	56	24	population	population	NOUN
easat-7442	56	25	take	take	VERB
easat-7442	56	26	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	56	27	a	a	DET
easat-7442	56	28	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-7442	56	29	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	56	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	56	31	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	56	32	depends	depend	VERB
easat-7442	56	33	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	56	34	their	their	PRON
easat-7442	56	35	identity	identity	NOUN
easat-7442	56	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	57	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	57	3	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	57	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	57	5	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	6	people	people	NOUN
easat-7442	57	7	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	9	then	then	ADV
easat-7442	57	10	these	these	DET
easat-7442	57	11	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	57	12	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	57	13	include	include	VERB
easat-7442	57	14	salary	salary	NOUN
easat-7442	57	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	16	home	home	NOUN
easat-7442	57	17	address	address	NOUN
easat-7442	57	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	19	education	education	NOUN
easat-7442	57	20	status	status	NOUN
easat-7442	57	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	57	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	57	23	all	all	DET
easat-7442	57	24	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	57	25	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	57	26	associated	associate	VERB
easat-7442	57	27	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	57	28	that	that	DET
easat-7442	57	29	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	57	30	at	at	ADP
easat-7442	57	31	any	any	DET
easat-7442	57	32	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	57	33	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	57	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	58	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	58	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	58	3	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	58	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	58	5	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	58	6	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
easat-7442	58	7	land	land	NOUN
easat-7442	58	8	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	58	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	58	10	then	then	ADV
easat-7442	58	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	58	12	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	58	13	include	include	VERB
easat-7442	58	14	soil	soil	NOUN
easat-7442	58	15	content	content	NOUN
easat-7442	58	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	58	17	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-7442	58	18	climate	climate	NOUN
easat-7442	58	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	58	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	58	21	local	local	ADJ
easat-7442	58	22	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN
easat-7442	58	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	59	1	these	these	DET
easat-7442	59	2	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	59	3	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	59	4	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	59	5	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-7442	59	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	59	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	59	8	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	59	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	59	10	impossible	impossible	ADJ
easat-7442	59	11	to	to	PART
easat-7442	59	12	include	include	VERB
easat-7442	59	13	all	all	DET
easat-7442	59	14	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	59	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	59	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	59	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	59	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	60	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7442	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	60	3	all	all	DET
easat-7442	60	4	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	60	5	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	60	6	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	60	7	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
easat-7442	60	8	each	each	DET
easat-7442	60	9	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	60	10	must	must	AUX
easat-7442	60	11	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	60	12	taken	take	VERB
easat-7442	60	13	into	into	ADP
easat-7442	60	14	account	account	NOUN
easat-7442	60	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	60	16	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	60	17	to	to	PART
easat-7442	60	18	determine	determine	VERB
easat-7442	60	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	60	20	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	60	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	60	22	all	all	DET
easat-7442	60	23	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	60	24	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	60	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	60	26	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	60	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	61	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	61	2	this	this	DET
easat-7442	61	3	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-7442	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	61	5	each	each	DET
easat-7442	61	6	assignment	assignment	NOUN
easat-7442	61	7	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	61	8	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	61	9	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	61	10	corresponds	correspond	VERB
easat-7442	61	11	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	61	12	a	a	DET
easat-7442	61	13	member	member	NOUN
easat-7442	61	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	61	15	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	61	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	61	18	situation	situation	NOUN
easat-7442	61	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	61	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	61	21	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	61	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	62	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	62	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	4	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	62	5	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	62	6	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	62	7	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	62	8	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	62	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	62	10	attribute	attribute	NOUN
easat-7442	62	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	62	12	a	a	DET
easat-7442	62	13	person	person	NOUN
easat-7442	62	14	named	name	VERB
easat-7442	62	15	xiao	xiao	PROPN
easat-7442	62	16	ming	ming	PROPN
easat-7442	62	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	62	19	x	x	AUX
easat-7442	62	20	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	62	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	62	22	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	62	23	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	24	salary	salary	NOUN
easat-7442	62	25	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	27	then	then	ADV
easat-7442	62	28	x	x	X
easat-7442	62	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	30	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	62	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	62	32	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	62	33	xiao	xiao	PROPN
easat-7442	62	34	ming	ming	PROPN
easat-7442	62	35	's	's	PART
easat-7442	62	36	salary	salary	NOUN
easat-7442	62	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	63	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	63	2	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	63	3	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	63	4	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	63	5	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	63	6	a	a	DET
easat-7442	63	7	piece	piece	NOUN
easat-7442	63	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	63	9	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
easat-7442	63	10	land	land	NOUN
easat-7442	63	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	63	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	63	13	yield	yield	NOUN
easat-7442	63	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	63	15	a	a	DET
easat-7442	63	16	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	63	17	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	63	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	63	19	then	then	ADV
easat-7442	63	20	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	63	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	63	22	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	63	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	63	24	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	63	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	63	26	yield	yield	NOUN
easat-7442	63	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	63	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	63	29	plot	plot	NOUN
easat-7442	63	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	63	31	land	land	NOUN
easat-7442	63	32	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	63	33	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	63	34	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	63	35	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	63	36	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	63	37	that	that	DET
easat-7442	63	38	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	63	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	1	consider	consider	VERB
easat-7442	64	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	64	3	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	64	4	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-7442	64	5	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	64	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	64	8	case	case	NOUN
easat-7442	64	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	64	10	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	64	11	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	64	12	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	64	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	14	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	64	15	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	64	16	originally	originally	ADV
easat-7442	64	17	takes	take	VERB
easat-7442	64	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	64	19	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	64	20	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	64	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	22	then	then	ADV
easat-7442	64	23	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	64	24	will	will	AUX
easat-7442	64	25	take	take	VERB
easat-7442	64	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	64	27	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	64	28	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	64	29	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	31	denoted	denote	VERB
easat-7442	64	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	64	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	64	35	yuyx	yuyx	NOUN
easat-7442	64	36	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	1	，	，	PROPN
easat-7442	65	2	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	65	3	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	65	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	65	5	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	65	6	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	65	7	any	any	DET
easat-7442	65	8	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	65	9	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	65	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	65	11	v.	v.	ADP
easat-7442	65	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	65	13	key	key	NOUN
easat-7442	65	14	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	65	15	to	to	PART
easat-7442	65	16	use	use	VERB
easat-7442	65	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	65	18	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-7442	65	19	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	20	x	x	DET
easat-7442	65	21	originally	originally	ADV
easat-7442	65	22	took	take	VERB
easat-7442	65	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	65	24	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	65	25	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	26	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	65	27	a	a	DET
easat-7442	65	28	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-7442	65	29	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	65	30	making	make	VERB
easat-7442	65	31	minor	minor	ADJ
easat-7442	65	32	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-7442	65	33	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	65	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	65	35	current	current	ADJ
easat-7442	65	36	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	65	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	38	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	65	39	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	65	40	to	to	PART
easat-7442	65	41	establish	establish	VERB
easat-7442	65	42	the	the	DET
easat-7442	65	43	antecedent	antecedent	NOUN
easat-7442	65	44	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-7442	65	45	x	x	X
easat-7442	65	46	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	65	47	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	65	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	49	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	65	50	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	65	51	conflict	conflict	VERB
easat-7442	65	52	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	65	53	the	the	DET
easat-7442	65	54	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-7442	65	55	observed	observed	ADJ
easat-7442	65	56	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	65	57	x	x	X
easat-7442	65	58	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	59	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	65	60	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	61	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	65	62	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-7442	65	63	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	65	64	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	66	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	66	2	minor	minor	ADJ
easat-7442	66	3	modification	modification	NOUN
easat-7442	66	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	66	5	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
easat-7442	66	6	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	66	7	replacing	replace	VERB
easat-7442	66	8	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	66	9	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	66	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	66	11	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	66	12	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	66	13	a	a	DET
easat-7442	66	14	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-7442	66	15	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	66	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	66	17	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	66	18	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	66	19	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	66	20	considered	consider	VERB
easat-7442	66	21	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	66	22	an	an	DET
easat-7442	66	23	external	external	ADJ
easat-7442	66	24	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	66	25	do	do	AUX
easat-7442	66	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	66	27	x	x	X
easat-7442	66	28	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	66	29	x	x	X
easat-7442	66	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	66	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	67	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	67	2	replacement	replacement	NOUN
easat-7442	67	3	allows	allow	VERB
easat-7442	67	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	67	5	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-7442	67	6	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	67	7	to	to	PART
easat-7442	67	8	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	67	9	different	different	ADJ
easat-7442	67	10	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	67	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	67	12	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-7442	67	13	observed	observe	VERB
easat-7442	67	14	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	67	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	67	16	i.e.	i.e.	X
easat-7442	67	17	x	x	SYM
easat-7442	67	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	67	19	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	67	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	67	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	67	22	without	without	ADP
easat-7442	67	23	causing	cause	VERB
easat-7442	67	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	67	25	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	67	26	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	67	27	to	to	PART
easat-7442	67	28	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	67	29	uncoordinated	uncoordinated	ADJ
easat-7442	67	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	68	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	68	2	this	this	DET
easat-7442	68	3	way	way	NOUN
easat-7442	68	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	68	5	all	all	DET
easat-7442	68	6	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	68	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	68	8	including	include	VERB
easat-7442	68	9	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	68	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	68	11	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	68	12	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	68	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	68	14	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	68	15	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	68	16	used	use	VERB
easat-7442	68	17	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	68	18	precursors	precursor	NOUN
easat-7442	68	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	68	20	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	68	21	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	68	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	69	1	2.2.2	2.2.2	X
easat-7442	69	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	69	3	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-7442	69	4	theorem	theorem	NOUN
easat-7442	69	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	69	6	counterfact	counterfact	NOUN
easat-7442	69	7	consider	consider	VERB
easat-7442	69	8	any	any	DET
easat-7442	69	9	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	69	10	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	69	11	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	69	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	69	13	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	69	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	69	15	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	69	16	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	69	17	not	not	PART
easat-7442	69	18	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
easat-7442	69	19	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	69	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	69	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	69	22	same	same	ADJ
easat-7442	69	23	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	69	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	69	25	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	69	26	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	69	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	69	28	same	same	ADJ
easat-7442	69	29	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	69	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	69	31	equations	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	69	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	70	1	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	70	2	xm	xm	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	71	2	modified	modify	VERB
easat-7442	71	3	version	version	NOUN
easat-7442	71	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	71	5	m	m	AUX
easat-7442	71	6	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	71	7	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	71	8	replacing	replace	VERB
easat-7442	71	9	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	10	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	71	11	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	71	12	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	71	13	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-7442	71	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	71	15	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-7442	71	16	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-7442	71	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	71	18	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	71	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	20	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	71	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	22	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	71	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	71	28	uyuy	uyuy	ADJ
easat-7442	71	29	xmx	xmx	PROPN
easat-7442	72	1	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	72	2	（	（	PUNCT
easat-7442	72	3	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	72	4	）	）	NOUN
easat-7442	72	5	described	describe	VERB
easat-7442	72	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	72	7	language	language	NOUN
easat-7442	72	8	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	72	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	72	10	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	72	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	72	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	73	1	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	73	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	73	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	73	4	uyx	uyx	NOUN
easat-7442	73	5	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	73	6	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	73	7	a	a	DET
easat-7442	73	8	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	73	9	modified	modified	ADJ
easat-7442	73	10	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	73	11	sub	sub	NOUN
easat-7442	73	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	73	13	xm	xm	PROPN
easat-7442	74	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	74	2	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-7442	74	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	74	4	y.	y.	NOUN
easat-7442	74	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	74	6	above	above	ADJ
easat-7442	74	7	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	74	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	74	9	one	one	NUM
easat-7442	74	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	74	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	74	12	most	most	ADV
easat-7442	74	13	important	important	ADJ
easat-7442	74	14	basic	basic	ADJ
easat-7442	74	15	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-7442	74	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	74	17	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	74	18	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	74	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	75	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	75	2	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	75	3	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7442	75	4	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-7442	75	5	concepts	concept	NOUN
easat-7442	75	6	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	75	7	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-7442	75	8	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-7442	75	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	75	10	use	use	VERB
easat-7442	75	11	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	75	12	to	to	PART
easat-7442	75	13	answer	answer	VERB
easat-7442	75	14	a	a	DET
easat-7442	75	15	large	large	ADJ
easat-7442	75	16	number	number	NOUN
easat-7442	75	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	75	18	questions	question	NOUN
easat-7442	75	19	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	75	20	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	75	21	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	75	22	what	what	DET
easat-7442	75	23	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	75	24	would	would	AUX
easat-7442	75	25	x	x	PART
easat-7442	75	26	take	take	VERB
easat-7442	75	27	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	75	28	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	75	29	were	be	AUX
easat-7442	75	30	originally	originally	ADV
easat-7442	75	31	taken	take	VERB
easat-7442	75	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	75	33	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	75	34	'	'	NOUN
easat-7442	75	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	76	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	76	2	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	76	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	76	4	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	76	5	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	76	6	sets	set	NOUN
easat-7442	76	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	76	8	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	76	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	76	10	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	76	11	xm	xm	PROPN
easat-7442	76	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	76	13	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-7442	76	14	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	76	15	applies	apply	VERB
easat-7442	76	16	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	76	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	76	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	76	19	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	76	20	all	all	DET
easat-7442	76	21	members	member	NOUN
easat-7442	76	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	76	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	76	24	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	76	25	set	set	NOUN
easat-7442	76	26	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	76	27	replaced	replace	VERB
easat-7442	76	28	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	76	29	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-7442	76	30	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	76	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	1	2.2.3	2.2.3	X
easat-7442	77	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	3	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	77	4	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	77	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	77	6	determination	determination	NOUN
easat-7442	77	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	77	8	any	any	DET
easat-7442	77	9	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	77	10	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	77	11	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	77	12	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	77	13	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	77	14	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	77	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	77	16	following	follow	VERB
easat-7442	77	17	three	three	NUM
easat-7442	77	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	19	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	77	20	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	77	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	23	1	1	X
easat-7442	77	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	25	tracing	tracing	NOUN
easat-7442	77	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	27	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	77	28	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-7442	77	29	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	77	30	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	77	31	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	77	32	to	to	PART
easat-7442	77	33	determine	determine	VERB
easat-7442	77	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	77	35	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	77	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	77	37	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	77	38	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	39	2209	2209	NUM
easat-7442	77	40	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	77	41	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	77	42	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	77	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	77	44	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	77	45	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	77	46	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	77	47	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	77	48	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	77	49	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	77	50	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	77	51	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	78	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	78	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	78	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	78	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	78	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	78	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	78	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	78	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	78	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	78	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	78	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	78	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	78	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	78	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	78	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	78	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	25	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	78	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	27	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	78	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	29	modify	modify	VERB
easat-7442	78	30	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	78	31	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	78	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	33	remove	remove	VERB
easat-7442	78	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	35	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	78	36	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	78	37	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	78	38	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	39	appearing	appear	VERB
easat-7442	78	40	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	78	41	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	42	left	left	NOUN
easat-7442	78	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	44	replace	replace	VERB
easat-7442	78	45	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	78	46	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	78	47	x	x	X
easat-7442	78	48	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	78	49	x	x	X
easat-7442	78	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	51	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	78	52	obtain	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	78	53	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	54	modified	modify	VERB
easat-7442	78	55	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	78	56	xm	xm	PROPN
easat-7442	78	57	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	58	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	59	3	3	X
easat-7442	78	60	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	61	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	78	62	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	78	63	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	64	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	78	65	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	78	66	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	78	67	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	68	modified	modified	ADJ
easat-7442	78	69	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	78	70	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	78	71	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	78	72	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	78	73	the	the	DET
easat-7442	78	74	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	78	75	result	result	NOUN
easat-7442	78	76	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-7442	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	3	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	79	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	5	1	1	X
easat-7442	79	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	7	explains	explain	VERB
easat-7442	79	8	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	9	past	past	ADJ
easat-7442	79	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	11	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	79	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	13	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	79	14	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	79	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	16	current	current	ADJ
easat-7442	79	17	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-7442	79	18	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	79	19	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	20	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	79	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	22	2	2	X
easat-7442	79	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	24	conforms	conform	VERB
easat-7442	79	25	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	79	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	27	assumed	assumed	ADJ
easat-7442	79	28	antecedent	antecedent	NOUN
easat-7442	79	29	x	x	X
easat-7442	79	30	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	79	31	x	x	VERB
easat-7442	79	32	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	79	33	minimal	minimal	ADJ
easat-7442	79	34	distortion	distortion	NOUN
easat-7442	79	35	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	79	36	history	history	NOUN
easat-7442	79	37	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	38	finally	finally	ADV
easat-7442	79	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	40	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	79	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	42	3	3	X
easat-7442	79	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	44	predicts	predict	VERB
easat-7442	79	45	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	46	future	future	NOUN
easat-7442	79	47	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	48	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	79	49	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	50	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	79	51	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	79	52	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	53	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-7442	79	54	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	79	55	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	56	past	past	NOUN
easat-7442	79	57	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	79	58	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	59	newly	newly	ADV
easat-7442	79	60	established	establish	VERB
easat-7442	79	61	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-7442	79	62	x	x	X
easat-7442	79	63	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	79	64	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-7442	79	65	this	this	DET
easat-7442	79	66	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	79	67	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	79	68	solve	solve	VERB
easat-7442	79	69	any	any	DET
easat-7442	79	70	deterministic	deterministic	ADJ
easat-7442	79	71	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	79	72	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	79	73	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	74	that	that	ADV
easat-7442	79	75	is	is	ADV
easat-7442	79	76	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	79	77	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	78	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	79	79	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	79	80	related	relate	VERB
easat-7442	79	81	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	79	82	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	79	83	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	79	84	the	the	DET
easat-7442	79	85	population	population	NOUN
easat-7442	79	86	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	79	87	known	know	VERB
easat-7442	79	88	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	79	89	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	79	90	each	each	DET
easat-7442	79	91	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-7442	79	92	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	79	93	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	80	1	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	80	2	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	80	3	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	80	4	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	80	5	answer	answer	VERB
easat-7442	80	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	80	7	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	80	8	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	80	9	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7442	80	10	each	each	DET
easat-7442	80	11	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	80	12	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	80	13	a	a	DET
easat-7442	80	14	way	way	NOUN
easat-7442	80	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	80	16	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	80	17	a	a	DET
easat-7442	80	18	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	80	19	obtains	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	80	20	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	80	21	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	80	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	81	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	81	2	these	these	DET
easat-7442	81	3	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	81	4	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	81	5	known	know	VERB
easat-7442	81	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	81	7	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	81	8	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	81	9	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	81	10	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-7442	81	11	to	to	PART
easat-7442	81	12	predict	predict	VERB
easat-7442	81	13	what	what	PRON
easat-7442	81	14	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	81	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	81	16	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	81	17	will	will	AUX
easat-7442	81	18	get	get	VERB
easat-7442	81	19	after	after	SCONJ
easat-7442	81	20	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7442	81	21	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	81	22	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	81	23	changed	change	VERB
easat-7442	81	24	under	under	ADP
easat-7442	81	25	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	81	26	modification	modification	NOUN
easat-7442	81	27	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-7442	81	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	82	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7442	82	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	82	3	counterfactual	counterfactual	NOUN
easat-7442	82	4	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	82	5	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	82	6	regarded	regard	VERB
easat-7442	82	7	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	82	8	a	a	DET
easat-7442	82	9	derivative	derivative	ADJ
easat-7442	82	10	property	property	NOUN
easat-7442	82	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	82	12	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	82	13	equations	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	82	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	83	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	83	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-7442	83	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	83	4	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7442	83	5	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	83	6	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	83	7	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-7442	83	8	into	into	ADP
easat-7442	83	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	83	10	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	83	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	83	12	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	83	13	assigning	assign	VERB
easat-7442	83	14	a	a	DET
easat-7442	83	15	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-7442	83	16	p	p	X
easat-7442	83	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	83	18	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	83	19	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	83	20	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	83	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	83	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	83	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	83	24	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	83	25	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	83	26	u.	u.	NOUN
easat-7442	84	1	they	they	PRON
easat-7442	84	2	represent	represent	VERB
easat-7442	84	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	84	4	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7442	84	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	84	6	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-7442	84	7	objects	object	NOUN
easat-7442	84	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	84	9	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	84	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	84	11	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7442	84	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	84	13	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	84	14	properties	property	NOUN
easat-7442	84	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	84	16	objects	object	NOUN
easat-7442	84	17	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	84	18	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	84	19	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	84	20	included	include	VERB
easat-7442	84	21	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	84	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	84	23	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	84	24	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	84	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	84	26	object	object	NOUN
easat-7442	84	27	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	84	28	known	know	VERB
easat-7442	84	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	85	2	exogenous	exogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	85	3	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-7442	85	4	p	p	X
easat-7442	85	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	6	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	85	7	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	85	8	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	85	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	10	introduces	introduce	VERB
easat-7442	85	11	a	a	DET
easat-7442	85	12	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-7442	85	13	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-7442	85	14	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	85	15	p	p	NOUN
easat-7442	85	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	17	v	v	NOUN
easat-7442	85	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	19	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	85	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	85	21	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	85	22	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	85	23	v	v	NOUN
easat-7442	85	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	25	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	85	26	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	85	27	not	not	PART
easat-7442	85	28	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	85	29	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	85	30	any	any	DET
easat-7442	85	31	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	85	32	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	85	33	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	85	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	85	35	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	85	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	85	37	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	85	38	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	85	39	yyx	yyx	NOUN
easat-7442	86	1	=	=	PRON
easat-7442	86	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	86	3	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-7442	86	4	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	86	5	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	86	6	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	86	7	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	86	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	86	9	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	86	10	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	86	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	86	12	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-7442	86	13	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	86	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	86	15	all	all	DET
easat-7442	86	16	combinations	combination	NOUN
easat-7442	86	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	86	18	observed	observed	ADJ
easat-7442	86	19	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	86	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	86	21	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	86	22	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	86	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	87	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	87	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	87	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	87	4	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	87	5	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	87	6	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	87	7	determined	determine	VERB
easat-7442	87	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	87	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	88	1	xxzzyyp	xxzzyyp	PROPN
easat-7442	88	2	wx	wx	PROPN
easat-7442	89	1	===	===	NOUN
easat-7442	89	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	89	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	89	4	，	，	ADJ
easat-7442	89	5	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	89	6	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	89	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	89	8	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	89	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	89	10	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	89	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	89	12	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	89	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	89	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	89	15	w	w	NOUN
easat-7442	89	16	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	89	17	any	any	DET
easat-7442	89	18	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	89	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	89	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	89	21	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	89	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	90	2	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-7442	90	3	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-7442	90	4	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	90	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	90	6	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-7442	90	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	90	8	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7442	90	9	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	90	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	11	that	that	ADV
easat-7442	90	12	is	is	ADV
easat-7442	90	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	14	all	all	DET
easat-7442	90	15	events	event	NOUN
easat-7442	90	16	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	90	17	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
easat-7442	90	18	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	90	19	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	90	20	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	90	21	these	these	DET
easat-7442	90	22	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	90	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	24	satisfying	satisfy	VERB
easat-7442	90	25	yuyx	yuyx	NOUN
easat-7442	90	26	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	90	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	90	28	zuzw	zuzw	NOUN
easat-7442	90	29	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	30	as	as	ADV
easat-7442	90	31	well	well	ADV
easat-7442	90	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	90	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	35	xux	xux	PROPN
easat-7442	90	36	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	90	37	，	，	PROPN
easat-7442	90	38	especially	especially	ADV
easat-7442	90	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	90	40	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-7442	90	41	w	w	ADP
easat-7442	90	42	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	90	43	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	90	44	give	give	VERB
easat-7442	90	45	xconflict	xconflict	PROPN
easat-7442	90	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	91	1	assuming	assume	VERB
easat-7442	91	2	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	91	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	91	4	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	91	5	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	91	6	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	91	7	e	e	X
easat-7442	91	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	91	9	a	a	DET
easat-7442	91	10	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	91	11	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	91	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	91	13	observed	observe	VERB
easat-7442	91	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	91	15	then	then	ADV
easat-7442	91	16	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	91	17	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	91	18	initially	initially	ADV
easat-7442	91	19	takes	take	VERB
easat-7442	91	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	91	21	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	91	22	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	91	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	91	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	91	25	expected	expect	VERB
easat-7442	91	26	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	91	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	91	28	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	91	29	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	91	30	this	this	DET
easat-7442	91	31	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	91	32	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	91	33	expressed	express	VERB
easat-7442	91	34	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	91	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	91	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	91	37	eeye	eeye	NOUN
easat-7442	91	38	xx	xx	NOUN
easat-7442	92	1	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	92	2	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	92	3	，	，	ADJ
easat-7442	92	4	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	92	5	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	92	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	92	7	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	92	8	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	92	9	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	92	10	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	92	11	allowed	allow	VERB
easat-7442	92	12	to	to	PART
easat-7442	92	13	conflict	conflict	VERB
easat-7442	92	14	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	92	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	92	16	predecessor	predecessor	NOUN
easat-7442	92	17	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	92	18	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	92	19	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-7442	92	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	92	21	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	92	22	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	92	23	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	92	24	after	after	SCONJ
easat-7442	92	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	92	26	vertical	vertical	ADJ
easat-7442	92	27	line	line	NOUN
easat-7442	92	28	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	92	29	all	all	DET
easat-7442	92	30	the	the	DET
easat-7442	92	31	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	92	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	92	33	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	92	34	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-7442	92	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	92	36	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	92	37	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	92	38	this	this	DET
easat-7442	92	39	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7442	92	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	92	41	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	92	42	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	92	43	include	include	VERB
easat-7442	92	44	the	the	DET
easat-7442	92	45	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	92	46	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	92	47	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	92	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	92	49	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	92	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	92	51	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	92	52	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	92	53	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	92	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	93	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	93	2	subscript	subscript	NOUN
easat-7442	93	3	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	93	4	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	93	5	x	x	PRON
easat-7442	93	6	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	93	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	93	8	antecedent	antecedent	NOUN
easat-7442	93	9	determined	determine	VERB
easat-7442	93	10	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	93	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	93	12	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	93	13	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-7442	93	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	94	1	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	94	2	any	any	DET
easat-7442	94	3	form	form	NOUN
easat-7442	94	4	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	94	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	94	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	94	7	eeye	eeye	NOUN
easat-7442	94	8	xx	xx	NOUN
easat-7442	95	1	=	=	X
easat-7442	95	2	=	=	X
easat-7442	95	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	95	4	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	95	5	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	95	6	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	95	7	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	95	8	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	95	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	11	1	1	X
easat-7442	95	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	13	tracing	trace	VERB
easat-7442	95	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	15	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	95	16	p	p	X
easat-7442	95	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	18	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	95	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	20	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	95	21	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	95	22	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-7442	95	23	to	to	PART
easat-7442	95	24	obtain	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	95	25	p	p	NOUN
easat-7442	95	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	27	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	95	28	|	|	NOUN
easat-7442	95	29	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	95	30	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	95	31	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	95	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	33	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	35	2	2	X
easat-7442	95	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	37	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	95	38	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	39	modify	modify	VERB
easat-7442	95	40	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	95	41	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	95	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	43	remove	remove	VERB
easat-7442	95	44	the	the	DET
easat-7442	95	45	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	95	46	equations	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	95	47	appearing	appear	VERB
easat-7442	95	48	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	95	49	the	the	DET
easat-7442	95	50	left	left	NOUN
easat-7442	95	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	52	replace	replace	VERB
easat-7442	95	53	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	95	54	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	95	55	x	x	X
easat-7442	95	56	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	95	57	x	x	X
easat-7442	95	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	59	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	95	60	obtain	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	95	61	the	the	DET
easat-7442	95	62	revised	revise	VERB
easat-7442	95	63	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	95	64	xm	xm	PROPN
easat-7442	95	65	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	66	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	67	3	3	X
easat-7442	95	68	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	69	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	95	70	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	95	71	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	95	72	a	a	DET
easat-7442	95	73	modified	modify	VERB
easat-7442	95	74	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	95	75	xm	xm	PROPN
easat-7442	96	1	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	96	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	96	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	96	4	eeup	eeup	PROPN
easat-7442	96	5	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	96	6	，	，	ADV
easat-7442	96	7	calculate	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	96	8	the	the	DET
easat-7442	96	9	expectation	expectation	NOUN
easat-7442	96	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	96	11	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	96	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	96	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	96	14	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	96	15	result	result	NOUN
easat-7442	96	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	97	1	3.methodology	3.methodology	NUM
easat-7442	97	2	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-7442	97	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	97	4	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	97	5	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	97	6	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	97	7	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	97	8	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-7442	97	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	97	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	97	11	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	97	12	3.1.1	3.1.1	NUM
easat-7442	97	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	1	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-7442	98	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	98	3	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	98	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	98	5	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	98	6	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	98	7	3.1.1.1	3.1.1.1	NUM
easat-7442	98	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	9	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	98	10	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	98	11	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	98	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	98	13	a	a	DET
easat-7442	98	14	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	98	15	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	98	16	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
easat-7442	98	17	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	98	18	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	98	19	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	98	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	21	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	98	22	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	98	23	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	98	24	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	98	25	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	98	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	98	28	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	98	29	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	98	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	31	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	98	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	98	33	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	98	34	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	98	35	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	98	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	98	38	resulting	result	VERB
easat-7442	98	39	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	98	40	the	the	DET
easat-7442	98	41	observed	observe	VERB
easat-7442	98	42	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	98	43	not	not	PART
easat-7442	98	44	being	be	AUX
easat-7442	98	45	a	a	DET
easat-7442	98	46	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	98	47	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	98	48	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	98	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	99	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	99	2	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	99	3	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	99	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	99	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	99	6	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	99	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	99	8	visualizes	visualize	VERB
easat-7442	99	9	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	99	10	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	99	11	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	99	12	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	99	13	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	99	14	a	a	DET
easat-7442	99	15	directed	direct	VERB
easat-7442	99	16	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
easat-7442	99	17	graph	graph	NOUN
easat-7442	99	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	99	19	dag	dag	PROPN
easat-7442	99	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	99	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	99	22	identifies	identifie	NOUN
easat-7442	99	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	99	24	blocks	block	VERB
easat-7442	99	25	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	99	26	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	99	27	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	99	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	99	29	backdoor	backdoor	NOUN
easat-7442	99	30	criterion	criterion	NOUN
easat-7442	99	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	100	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	100	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	100	3	steps	step	NOUN
easat-7442	100	4	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	100	5	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	100	6	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	100	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	100	8	2210	2210	NUM
easat-7442	100	9	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	100	10	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	100	11	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	100	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	100	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	100	14	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	100	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	100	16	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	100	17	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	100	18	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	100	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	100	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	101	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	101	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	101	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	101	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	101	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	101	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	101	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	101	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	101	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	101	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	101	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	101	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	101	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	101	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	101	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	101	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	101	23	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-7442	101	24	3.1.1.2	3.1.1.2	PROPN
easat-7442	101	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	26	draw	draw	VERB
easat-7442	101	27	a	a	DET
easat-7442	101	28	cause	cause	NOUN
easat-7442	101	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	101	30	effect	effect	VERB
easat-7442	101	31	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	101	32	taking	take	VERB
easat-7442	101	33	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	101	34	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	101	35	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	101	36	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	101	37	an	an	DET
easat-7442	101	38	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	101	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	40	construct	construct	VERB
easat-7442	101	41	a	a	DET
easat-7442	101	42	dag	dag	PROPN
easat-7442	101	43	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	44	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7442	101	45	3	3	NUM
easat-7442	101	46	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	101	47	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	101	48	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	49	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	101	50	includes	include	VERB
easat-7442	101	51	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	101	52	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	101	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	54	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	101	55	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	57	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	101	58	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	101	59	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	60	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	101	61	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	62	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	63	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	101	64	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	65	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	101	66	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	67	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	68	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	101	69	customer	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	101	70	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	101	71	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	72	m	m	NOUN
easat-7442	101	73	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	101	74	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	1	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	102	2	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	4	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	102	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	6	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	102	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	102	9	a	a	DET
easat-7442	102	10	typical	typical	ADJ
easat-7442	102	11	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	102	12	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	102	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	14	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	102	15	not	not	PART
easat-7442	102	16	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	102	17	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	102	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	102	19	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	102	20	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
easat-7442	102	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	102	22	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	102	23	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	102	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	25	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	102	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	28	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	102	29	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	102	30	directly	directly	ADV
easat-7442	102	31	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	102	32	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	102	33	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	102	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	35	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	102	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	38	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	102	39	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	102	40	the	the	DET
easat-7442	102	41	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-7442	102	42	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	102	43	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-7442	102	44	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	102	45	cold	cold	ADJ
easat-7442	102	46	drinks	drink	NOUN
easat-7442	102	47	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	102	48	summer	summer	NOUN
easat-7442	102	49	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	102	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	103	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7442	103	2	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	103	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	103	4	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	103	5	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	103	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	103	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	103	8	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	103	9	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	103	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	103	11	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	103	12	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	103	13	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	103	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	104	1	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	104	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	104	3	backdoor	backdoor	NOUN
easat-7442	104	4	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	104	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	104	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	104	7	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	104	8	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	104	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	104	10	x	x	X
easat-7442	104	11	←	←	PROPN
easat-7442	104	12	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	104	13	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	104	14	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	104	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	104	16	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	104	17	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	104	18	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	104	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	104	20	mixing	mix	VERB
easat-7442	104	21	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	104	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	105	2	backdoor	backdoor	NOUN
easat-7442	105	3	criterion	criterion	NOUN
easat-7442	105	4	requires	require	VERB
easat-7442	105	5	blocking	block	VERB
easat-7442	105	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	105	7	non	non	ADJ
easat-7442	105	8	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	105	9	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	105	10	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	105	11	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	105	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	105	13	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	105	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	15	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	105	16	←	←	PROPN
easat-7442	105	17	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	105	18	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	105	19	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	105	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	21	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	105	22	fixing	fix	VERB
easat-7442	105	23	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	105	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	25	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	105	26	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	105	27	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-7442	105	28	stratification	stratification	NOUN
easat-7442	105	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	31	so	so	SCONJ
easat-7442	105	32	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	105	33	the	the	DET
easat-7442	105	34	remaining	remain	VERB
easat-7442	105	35	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	105	36	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	37	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	105	38	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	105	39	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	105	40	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	105	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	105	42	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	105	43	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	105	44	y	y	PRON
easat-7442	105	45	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	105	46	contain	contain	VERB
easat-7442	105	47	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	105	48	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	105	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	1	3.1.1.3	3.1.1.3	NUM
easat-7442	106	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	3	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	106	4	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	106	5	matching	matching	NOUN
easat-7442	106	6	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	106	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	106	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	106	10	observed	observe	VERB
easat-7442	106	11	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	106	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	13	match	match	VERB
easat-7442	106	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	106	15	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-7442	106	16	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	106	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	18	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	106	19	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	106	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	21	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	106	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	106	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	106	24	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	106	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	26	non	non	X
easat-7442	106	27	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	106	28	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	106	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	30	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	106	31	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	106	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	33	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	106	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	35	to	to	PART
easat-7442	106	36	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	106	37	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	106	38	the	the	DET
easat-7442	106	39	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	106	40	groups	group	NOUN
easat-7442	106	41	have	have	VERB
easat-7442	106	42	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-7442	106	43	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	106	44	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	106	45	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-7442	106	46	regression	regression	PROPN
easat-7442	106	47	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	106	48	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	106	49	add	add	VERB
easat-7442	106	50	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	106	51	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	106	52	a	a	DET
easat-7442	106	53	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	106	54	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	106	55	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	106	56	the	the	DET
easat-7442	106	57	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	106	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	107	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	107	2	as𝑌	as𝑌	NOUN
easat-7442	107	3	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	107	4	𝛼	𝛼	X
easat-7442	108	1	+	+	NOUN
easat-7442	108	2	𝛽𝑋	𝛽𝑋	ADP
easat-7442	108	3	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	108	4	𝛾𝑍	𝛾𝑍	ADJ
easat-7442	108	5	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	108	6	𝜖，peel	𝜖，peel	NOUN
easat-7442	108	7	off	off	ADP
easat-7442	108	8	the	the	DET
easat-7442	108	9	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	108	10	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-7442	108	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	108	12	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	108	13	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	108	14	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-7442	108	15	3.1.2	3.1.2	NUM
easat-7442	108	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	1	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	109	2	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	109	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	109	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	5	iv	iv	X
easat-7442	109	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	7	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	109	8	refers	refer	VERB
easat-7442	109	9	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	109	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	109	11	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	109	12	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	109	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	109	14	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	109	15	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	109	16	x	x	X
easat-7442	109	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	109	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	109	19	error	error	NOUN
easat-7442	109	20	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	109	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	22	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	109	23	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	109	24	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	109	25	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	109	26	being	be	AUX
easat-7442	109	27	influenced	influence	VERB
easat-7442	109	28	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	109	29	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	109	30	priority	priority	NOUN
easat-7442	109	31	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	32	w	w	NOUN
easat-7442	109	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	35	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	109	36	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	109	37	turn	turn	NOUN
easat-7442	109	38	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	109	39	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	109	40	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	109	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	42	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	109	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	45	forming	form	VERB
easat-7442	109	46	a	a	DET
easat-7442	109	47	bidirectional	bidirectional	ADJ
easat-7442	109	48	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	109	49	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	109	50	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	51	x	x	X
easat-7442	109	52	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	53	↔	↔	PROPN
easat-7442	109	54	w	w	PROPN
easat-7442	109	55	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	109	56	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	109	57	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	109	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	110	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	110	2	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-7442	110	3	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	110	4	not	not	PART
easat-7442	110	5	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	110	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	110	7	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	110	8	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	110	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	110	10	requires	require	VERB
easat-7442	110	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	110	12	use	use	NOUN
easat-7442	110	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	110	14	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	110	15	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	110	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	110	17	iv	iv	X
easat-7442	110	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	110	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	111	1	condition	condition	NOUN
easat-7442	111	2	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	111	3	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	111	4	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	111	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	111	6	2211	2211	NUM
easat-7442	111	7	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	111	8	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	111	9	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	111	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	111	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	111	12	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	111	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	111	14	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	111	15	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	111	16	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	111	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	111	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	112	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	112	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	112	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	112	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	112	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	112	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	112	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	112	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	112	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	112	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	112	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	112	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	112	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	112	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	112	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	112	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	112	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	112	24	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	112	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	112	27	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	112	28	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	112	29	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	112	30	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	112	31	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7442	112	32	correlated	correlate	VERB
easat-7442	112	33	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	112	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	112	35	endogenous	endogenous	ADJ
easat-7442	112	36	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	112	37	x	x	X
easat-7442	112	38	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	39	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	112	40	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	112	41	x	x	X
easat-7442	112	42	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	112	43	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	113	1	exogeneity	exogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	113	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	113	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	113	4	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	113	5	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	113	6	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	113	7	has	have	VERB
easat-7442	113	8	no	no	DET
easat-7442	113	9	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	113	10	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	113	11	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	113	12	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	113	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	113	14	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	113	15	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	113	16	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	113	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	113	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	113	19	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	113	20	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	113	21	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	113	22	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	113	23	x	x	X
easat-7442	113	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	113	25	i.e.	i.e.	X
easat-7442	113	26	z	z	X
easat-7442	113	27	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	113	28	x	x	SYM
easat-7442	113	29	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	113	30	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	113	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	113	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	113	33	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	113	34	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	113	35	not	not	PART
easat-7442	113	36	correlated	correlate	VERB
easat-7442	113	37	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	113	38	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	113	39	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	113	40	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	113	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	1	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	114	2	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	114	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	4	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	114	5	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-7442	114	6	least	least	ADJ
easat-7442	114	7	squares	square	NOUN
easat-7442	114	8	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	114	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	10	2sls	2sls	NOUN
easat-7442	114	11	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	12	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-7442	114	13	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	114	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	15	establish	establish	VERB
easat-7442	114	16	a	a	DET
easat-7442	114	17	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-7442	114	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	114	19	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	114	20	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	114	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	114	22	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	114	23	to	to	PART
easat-7442	114	24	predict	predict	VERB
easat-7442	114	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	114	26	fitting	fitting	ADJ
easat-7442	114	27	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	114	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	114	29	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	114	30	�	�	PROPN
easat-7442	114	31	̂	̂	NOUN
easat-7442	114	32	�	�	NOUN
easat-7442	114	33	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	34	𝑋	𝑋	PROPN
easat-7442	114	35	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	114	36	𝜋0	𝜋0	NOUN
easat-7442	114	37	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	114	38	𝜋1𝑍	𝜋1𝑍	NUM
easat-7442	114	39	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	114	40	𝜈	𝜈	PRON
easat-7442	114	41	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-7442	114	42	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	114	43	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	44	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	114	45	fitted	fit	VERB
easat-7442	114	46	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	114	47	�	�	NOUN
easat-7442	114	48	̂	̂	VERB
easat-7442	114	49	�	�	NOUN
easat-7442	114	50	replace	replace	VERB
easat-7442	114	51	the	the	DET
easat-7442	114	52	original	original	ADJ
easat-7442	114	53	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	54	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	114	55	estimate	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	114	56	the	the	DET
easat-7442	114	57	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	114	58	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	114	59	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	114	60	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	114	61	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	62	𝑌	𝑌	PROPN
easat-7442	114	63	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	114	64	𝛼	𝛼	PROPN
easat-7442	114	65	+	+	X
easat-7442	114	66	𝛽	𝛽	NOUN
easat-7442	114	67	�	�	PROPN
easat-7442	114	68	̂	̂	NUM
easat-7442	114	69	�	�	PROPN
easat-7442	114	70	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	114	71	𝜖	𝜖	X
easat-7442	114	72	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	114	73	2sls	2sls	NUM
easat-7442	114	74	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	114	75	unbiased	unbiased	ADJ
easat-7442	114	76	estimates	estimate	NOUN
easat-7442	114	77	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	114	78	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	114	79	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-7442	114	80	�	�	PROPN
easat-7442	114	81	̂	̂	SYM
easat-7442	114	82	�	�	NOUN
easat-7442	114	83	，resolve	，resolve	PROPN
easat-7442	114	84	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	114	85	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7442	114	86	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	114	87	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	114	88	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	114	89	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	114	90	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	114	91	priorities	priority	NOUN
easat-7442	114	92	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	115	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	115	3	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	115	4	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	115	5	case	case	NOUN
easat-7442	115	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	7	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	115	8	there	there	PRON
easat-7442	115	9	is	be	VERB
easat-7442	115	10	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	115	11	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	115	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	115	13	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	115	14	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	115	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	16	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	115	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	115	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	115	20	geographical	geographical	ADJ
easat-7442	115	21	location	location	NOUN
easat-7442	115	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	115	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	115	24	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	115	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	26	w	w	NOUN
easat-7442	115	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	115	30	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	115	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	115	32	prime	prime	ADJ
easat-7442	115	33	location	location	NOUN
easat-7442	115	34	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	115	35	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	115	36	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	115	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	115	38	natural	natural	ADJ
easat-7442	115	39	foot	foot	NOUN
easat-7442	115	40	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7442	115	41	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	115	42	large	large	ADJ
easat-7442	115	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	45	choose	choose	VERB
easat-7442	115	46	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	47	regional	regional	ADJ
easat-7442	115	48	advertising	advertising	NOUN
easat-7442	115	49	coverage	coverage	NOUN
easat-7442	115	50	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	51	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	115	52	the	the	DET
easat-7442	115	53	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	115	54	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	115	55	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	115	56	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	57	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	115	58	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	115	59	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	115	60	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	61	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	115	62	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	115	63	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	115	64	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	115	65	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	115	66	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	115	67	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	115	68	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	115	69	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	116	1	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-7442	116	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	116	3	iv	iv	NUM
easat-7442	116	4	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	116	5	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	116	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	116	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	116	8	ols	ol	NOUN
easat-7442	116	9	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	116	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	116	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	116	12	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	116	13	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
easat-7442	116	14	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	116	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	116	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	116	17	iv	iv	NUM
easat-7442	116	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	116	19	increased	increase	VERB
easat-7442	116	20	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	116	21	0.12	0.12	NUM
easat-7442	116	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	116	23	0.18	0.18	NUM
easat-7442	116	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	116	25	revealing	reveal	VERB
easat-7442	116	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	116	27	underestimated	underestimated	ADJ
easat-7442	116	28	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	116	29	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	116	30	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	116	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	117	1	3.1.3	3.1.3	X
easat-7442	117	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	117	3	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	117	4	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN
easat-7442	117	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	117	6	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	117	7	series	series	PROPN
easat-7442	117	8	data	data	PROPN
easat-7442	117	9	3.1.3.1	3.1.3.1	PROPN
easat-7442	117	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	118	1	granger	granger	PROPN
easat-7442	118	2	causality	causality	PROPN
easat-7442	118	3	test	test	NOUN
easat-7442	118	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	118	5	granger	granger	PROPN
easat-7442	118	6	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	118	7	test	test	NOUN
easat-7442	118	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	118	9	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	118	10	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	118	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	118	12	predictive	predictive	ADJ
easat-7442	118	13	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	118	14	logic	logic	NOUN
easat-7442	118	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	118	16	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	118	17	series	series	NOUN
easat-7442	118	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	119	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	119	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	119	3	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	119	4	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	119	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	119	6	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	119	7	x	x	X
easat-7442	119	8	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	119	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7442	119	10	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	119	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	119	12	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	119	13	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-7442	119	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	119	15	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	119	16	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	119	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	119	18	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	119	19	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	119	20	called	call	VERB
easat-7442	119	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	119	22	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	119	23	granger	granger	NOUN
easat-7442	119	24	causality	causality	PROPN
easat-7442	119	25	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-7442	119	26	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	119	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	119	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	120	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	120	2	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	120	3	assumption	assumption	NOUN
easat-7442	120	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	120	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	120	6	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	120	7	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	120	8	have	have	VERB
easat-7442	120	9	a	a	DET
easat-7442	120	10	chronological	chronological	ADJ
easat-7442	120	11	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	120	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	120	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	120	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	120	15	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	120	16	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	120	17	contain	contain	VERB
easat-7442	120	18	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-7442	120	19	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	120	20	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	120	21	predicts	predict	VERB
easat-7442	120	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	120	23	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	120	24	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	120	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	121	1	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-7442	121	2	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	121	3	series{𝑋𝑡	series{𝑋𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	121	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	121	5	𝑌𝑡}，constructing	𝑌𝑡}，constructing	PROPN
easat-7442	121	6	a	a	DET
easat-7442	121	7	lagged	lag	VERB
easat-7442	121	8	k	k	ADJ
easat-7442	121	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	121	10	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	121	11	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-7442	121	12	autoregression	autoregression	NOUN
easat-7442	121	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	121	14	var	var	NOUN
easat-7442	121	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	121	16	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	121	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	122	1	𝑌𝑡	𝑌𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	122	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	122	3	𝛼	𝛼	PROPN
easat-7442	122	4	+	+	NOUN
easat-7442	122	5	∑	∑	PUNCT
easat-7442	122	6	𝛽𝑖	𝛽𝑖	VERB
easat-7442	122	7	𝑘	𝑘	X
easat-7442	122	8	𝑖=1	𝑖=1	PROPN
easat-7442	122	9	𝑌𝑡−𝑖	𝑌𝑡−𝑖	X
easat-7442	123	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	123	2	∑	∑	PUNCT
easat-7442	123	3	𝛾𝑖	𝛾𝑖	ADV
easat-7442	123	4	𝑘	𝑘	PRON
easat-7442	123	5	𝑖=1	𝑖=1	PROPN
easat-7442	123	6	𝑋𝑡−𝑖	𝑋𝑡−𝑖	NOUN
easat-7442	124	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	124	2	𝜖𝑡	𝜖𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	124	3	null	null	ADJ
easat-7442	124	4	hypothesis𝐻0	hypothesis𝐻0	PROPN
easat-7442	124	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	124	6	𝛾1	𝛾1	NOUN
easat-7442	124	7	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	124	8	𝛾2	𝛾2	PROPN
easat-7442	124	9	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	124	10	⋯	⋯	NOUN
easat-7442	124	11	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	124	12	𝛾𝑘	𝛾𝑘	PROPN
easat-7442	124	13	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	124	14	0(x	0(x	NOUN
easat-7442	124	15	does	do	AUX
easat-7442	124	16	not	not	PART
easat-7442	124	17	affect	affect	VERB
easat-7442	124	18	granger	granger	PROPN
easat-7442	124	19	causality	causality	PROPN
easat-7442	124	20	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	124	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	124	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	125	1	determination	determination	NOUN
easat-7442	125	2	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	125	3	lag	lag	ADJ
easat-7442	125	4	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	125	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	125	6	select	select	VERB
easat-7442	125	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	125	8	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-7442	125	9	lag	lag	NOUN
easat-7442	125	10	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	125	11	k	k	PROPN
easat-7442	125	12	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	125	13	aic	aic	PROPN
easat-7442	125	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	125	15	bic	bic	PROPN
easat-7442	125	16	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-7442	125	17	to	to	PART
easat-7442	125	18	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	125	19	overfitting	overfitte	VERB
easat-7442	125	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	126	1	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-7442	126	2	test	test	NOUN
easat-7442	126	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	126	4	use	use	VERB
easat-7442	126	5	f	f	NOUN
easat-7442	126	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	126	7	test	test	NOUN
easat-7442	126	8	to	to	PART
easat-7442	126	9	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-7442	126	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	126	11	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-7442	126	12	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-7442	126	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	126	14	lagged	lag	VERB
easat-7442	126	15	x	x	SYM
easat-7442	126	16	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	126	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	127	2	p<0.05	p<0.05	PROPN
easat-7442	127	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	127	5	null	null	ADJ
easat-7442	127	6	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-7442	127	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	127	8	rejected	reject	VERB
easat-7442	127	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	127	10	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	127	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	127	12	believed	believe	VERB
easat-7442	127	13	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	127	14	there	there	PRON
easat-7442	127	15	is	be	VERB
easat-7442	127	16	a	a	DET
easat-7442	127	17	granger	granger	NOUN
easat-7442	127	18	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	127	19	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	127	20	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	127	21	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	127	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	127	23	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-7442	127	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	25	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	127	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	27	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	127	28	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	127	29	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	127	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	31	dcm	dcm	PROPN
easat-7442	127	32	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	33	capture	capture	NOUN
easat-7442	127	34	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	127	35	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	127	36	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	127	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	127	38	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	127	39	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	127	40	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	127	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	42	dcm	dcm	PROPN
easat-7442	127	43	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	127	44	combines	combine	VERB
easat-7442	127	45	a	a	DET
easat-7442	127	46	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	127	47	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	127	48	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	127	49	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	127	50	a	a	DET
easat-7442	127	51	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	127	52	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	127	53	to	to	PART
easat-7442	127	54	depict	depict	VERB
easat-7442	127	55	the	the	DET
easat-7442	127	56	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	127	57	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	127	58	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	127	59	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	127	60	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	127	61	over	over	ADP
easat-7442	127	62	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	127	63	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	1	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	128	2	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	128	3	consists	consist	VERB
easat-7442	128	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	128	5	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	128	6	equations	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	128	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	128	8	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	128	9	equations	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	128	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	11	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	128	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	128	13	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	128	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	15	describing	describe	VERB
easat-7442	128	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	128	17	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	128	18	changes	change	NOUN
easat-7442	128	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	128	20	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	128	21	parameters𝜃𝑡	parameters𝜃𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	128	22	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	23	𝜃𝑡−1	𝜃𝑡−1	PROPN
easat-7442	128	24	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	128	25	𝜔𝑡	𝜔𝑡	VERB
easat-7442	128	26	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	128	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	28	𝜔𝑡	𝜔𝑡	ADP
easat-7442	128	29	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	128	30	𝑁(0	𝑁(0	NUM
easat-7442	128	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	32	𝑄	𝑄	PROPN
easat-7442	128	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	35	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	128	36	them,𝜃𝑡for	them,𝜃𝑡for	ADP
easat-7442	128	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	128	38	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	128	39	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	128	40	at	at	ADP
easat-7442	128	41	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	128	42	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	128	43	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	44	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	128	45	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	128	46	the	the	DET
easat-7442	128	47	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	128	48	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
easat-7442	128	49	coefficient),𝜔𝑡as	coefficient),𝜔𝑡a	VERB
easat-7442	128	50	a	a	DET
easat-7442	128	51	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	128	52	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-7442	128	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	128	54	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	128	55	allows	allow	VERB
easat-7442	128	56	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	128	57	to	to	PART
easat-7442	128	58	smoothly	smoothly	ADV
easat-7442	128	59	evolve	evolve	VERB
easat-7442	128	60	over	over	ADP
easat-7442	128	61	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	128	62	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	129	1	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	129	2	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	129	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	129	4	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-7442	129	5	a	a	DET
easat-7442	129	6	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	129	7	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	129	8	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	129	9	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	129	10	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	129	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	129	12	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	129	13	indicators𝑌𝑡	indicators𝑌𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	130	1	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	2	𝑋𝑡	𝑋𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	130	3	⋅	⋅	X
easat-7442	130	4	𝜃𝑡	𝜃𝑡	CCONJ
easat-7442	130	5	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	130	6	𝜖𝑡	𝜖𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	130	7	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	130	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	9	𝜖𝑡	𝜖𝑡	ADV
easat-7442	130	10	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	130	11	𝑁(0	𝑁(0	NUM
easat-7442	130	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	13	𝑅	𝑅	NOUN
easat-7442	130	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	16	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	130	17	them,𝑌𝑡for	them,𝑌𝑡for	ADP
easat-7442	130	18	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	130	19	revenue,𝑋𝑡for	revenue,𝑋𝑡for	ADP
easat-7442	130	20	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	130	21	budget,𝜖𝑡	budget,𝜖𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	130	22	：	：	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	23	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	130	24	steps:𝜃𝑡|𝑡−1	steps:𝜃𝑡|𝑡−1	NOUN
easat-7442	130	25	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	130	26	𝜃𝑡−1|𝑡−1	𝜃𝑡−1|𝑡−1	PROPN
easat-7442	130	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	130	28	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	130	29	𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1	𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1	NOUN
easat-7442	130	30	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	130	31	𝑃𝑡−1|𝑡−1	𝑃𝑡−1|𝑡−1	PROPN
easat-7442	130	32	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	130	33	𝑄	𝑄	PROPN
easat-7442	130	34	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	130	35	steps:𝐾𝑡	steps:𝐾𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	130	36	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	131	1	𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1(𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1	𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1(𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1	ADP
easat-7442	131	2	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	131	3	𝑅	𝑅	NOUN
easat-7442	131	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	131	5	−1	−1	NOUN
easat-7442	131	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	131	7	𝜃𝑡|𝑡	𝜃𝑡|𝑡	ADP
easat-7442	131	8	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	131	9	𝜃𝑡|𝑡−1	𝜃𝑡|𝑡−1	PROPN
easat-7442	131	10	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	131	11	𝐾𝑡(𝑌𝑡	𝐾𝑡(𝑌𝑡	X
easat-7442	131	12	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	131	13	𝑋𝑡	𝑋𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	131	14	�	�	PROPN
easat-7442	131	15	̂	̂	NOUN
easat-7442	131	16	�	�	NOUN
easat-7442	131	17	𝑡|𝑡−1)𝑃𝑡|𝑡	𝑡|𝑡−1)𝑃𝑡|𝑡	VERB
easat-7442	131	18	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	131	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	131	20	𝐼	𝐼	PROPN
easat-7442	131	21	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	131	22	𝐾𝑡𝑋𝑡)𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1	𝐾𝑡𝑋𝑡)𝑃𝑡|𝑡−1	PROPN
easat-7442	131	23	2212	2212	NUM
easat-7442	131	24	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	131	25	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	131	26	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	131	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	131	28	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	131	29	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	131	30	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	131	31	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	131	32	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	131	33	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	131	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	131	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	132	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	132	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	132	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	132	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	132	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	132	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	132	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	132	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	132	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	132	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	132	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	132	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	132	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	132	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	132	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	132	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	132	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	132	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	132	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	132	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	132	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	132	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	132	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	132	24	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	132	25	them,𝐾𝑡for	them,𝐾𝑡for	PROPN
easat-7442	132	26	kalman	kalman	NOUN
easat-7442	132	27	gain,𝑝𝑡to	gain,𝑝𝑡to	NOUN
easat-7442	132	28	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	132	29	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	132	30	tracking	tracking	NOUN
easat-7442	132	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	132	32	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	132	33	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7442	132	34	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	132	35	covariance	covariance	NOUN
easat-7442	132	36	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-7442	132	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	1	3.1.4	3.1.4	NUM
easat-7442	133	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	3	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-7442	133	4	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-7442	133	5	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	133	6	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	133	7	high	high	ADJ
easat-7442	133	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	9	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
easat-7442	133	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	133	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	12	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	133	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	14	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	133	15	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7442	133	16	component	component	NOUN
easat-7442	133	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	133	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	19	pca	pca	NOUN
easat-7442	133	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	21	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	133	22	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	133	23	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	133	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	133	25	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	133	26	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	133	27	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	133	28	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	133	29	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-7442	133	30	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-7442	133	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	133	32	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	133	33	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	133	34	preserve	preserve	VERB
easat-7442	133	35	redundant	redundant	ADJ
easat-7442	133	36	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	133	37	without	without	ADP
easat-7442	133	38	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	133	39	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-7442	133	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	1	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	134	2	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7442	134	3	component	component	NOUN
easat-7442	134	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	134	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	6	c	c	NOUN
easat-7442	134	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	8	pca	pca	NOUN
easat-7442	134	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	10	combined	combine	VERB
easat-7442	134	11	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	134	12	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	134	13	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	134	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	134	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	16	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	134	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	18	prioritizes	prioritize	VERB
easat-7442	134	19	preserving	preserve	VERB
easat-7442	134	20	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	134	21	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-7442	134	22	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	134	23	have	have	VERB
easat-7442	134	24	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	134	25	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	134	26	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	134	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	134	28	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	134	29	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	134	30	during	during	ADP
easat-7442	134	31	dimensionality	dimensionality	NOUN
easat-7442	134	32	reduction	reduction	NOUN
easat-7442	134	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	134	34	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7442	134	35	filtering	filter	VERB
easat-7442	134	36	out	out	ADP
easat-7442	134	37	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-7442	134	38	components	component	NOUN
easat-7442	134	39	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	134	40	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	134	41	have	have	VERB
easat-7442	134	42	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	134	43	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	134	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	1	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	135	2	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	135	3	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	135	4	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	135	5	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	135	6	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	135	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	135	9	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	135	10	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	135	11	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	135	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	135	14	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	135	15	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	135	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	17	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	135	18	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	135	19	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	135	20	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	135	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	22	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	135	23	dag	dag	PROPN
easat-7442	135	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	25	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	135	26	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	135	27	customer	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	135	28	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	135	29	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	135	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	31	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	135	32	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	135	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	34	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	35	exclude	exclude	VERB
easat-7442	135	36	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	135	37	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	135	38	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	135	39	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	135	40	related	relate	VERB
easat-7442	135	41	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	135	42	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	135	43	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	135	44	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	135	45	pathways	pathway	NOUN
easat-7442	135	46	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	47	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	135	48	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	135	49	non	non	ADJ
easat-7442	135	50	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	135	51	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	135	52	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	135	53	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	135	54	highly	highly	ADV
easat-7442	135	55	correlated	correlate	VERB
easat-7442	135	56	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	135	57	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	135	58	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	135	59	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	135	60	have	have	VERB
easat-7442	135	61	no	no	DET
easat-7442	135	62	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	135	63	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	135	64	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	135	65	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	136	1	introduce	introduce	VERB
easat-7442	136	2	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	136	3	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	136	4	weights	weight	VERB
easat-7442	136	5	into	into	ADP
easat-7442	136	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	136	7	objective	objective	ADJ
easat-7442	136	8	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	136	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	136	10	pca	pca	PROPN
easat-7442	136	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	136	12	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	136	13	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	136	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	136	15	max	max	PROPN
easat-7442	136	16	𝑊	𝑊	PROPN
easat-7442	136	17	tr(𝑊𝑇𝛴𝑊	tr(𝑊𝑇𝛴𝑊	NOUN
easat-7442	136	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	137	2	𝜆	𝜆	DET
easat-7442	137	3	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	137	4	causalscore(𝑊)among	causalscore(𝑊)among	NOUN
easat-7442	137	5	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	7	𝛴	𝛴	PROPN
easat-7442	137	8	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	137	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	137	10	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	137	11	covariance	covariance	NOUN
easat-7442	137	12	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-7442	137	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	14	causalscore(w	causalscore(w	PROPN
easat-7442	137	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	16	to	to	PART
easat-7442	137	17	estimate	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	137	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	137	19	strength	strength	NOUN
easat-7442	137	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	137	21	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	137	22	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	137	23	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	137	24	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	137	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	137	26	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	137	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	28	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	137	29	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	137	30	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	137	31	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	137	32	iv	iv	NUM
easat-7442	137	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	137	35	λ	λ	PROPN
easat-7442	137	36	balances	balance	VERB
easat-7442	137	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	137	38	weights	weight	NOUN
easat-7442	137	39	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	137	40	statistical	statistical	ADJ
easat-7442	137	41	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-7442	137	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	137	43	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	137	44	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	137	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	138	2	generated	generate	VERB
easat-7442	138	3	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7442	138	4	components	component	NOUN
easat-7442	138	5	must	must	AUX
easat-7442	138	6	meet	meet	VERB
easat-7442	138	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	138	8	following	follow	VERB
easat-7442	138	9	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-7442	138	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	11	each	each	DET
easat-7442	138	12	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7442	138	13	component	component	NOUN
easat-7442	138	14	must	must	AUX
easat-7442	138	15	contain	contain	VERB
easat-7442	138	16	at	at	ADV
easat-7442	138	17	least	least	ADV
easat-7442	138	18	one	one	NUM
easat-7442	138	19	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	138	20	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	138	21	a	a	DET
easat-7442	138	22	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	138	23	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	138	24	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	138	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	26	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	138	27	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	138	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	138	29	lagged	lag	VERB
easat-7442	138	30	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	138	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	138	32	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	138	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	35	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	138	36	a	a	DET
easat-7442	138	37	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-7442	138	38	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-7442	138	39	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	138	40	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	138	41	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	138	42	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	43	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	138	44	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	138	45	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	138	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	138	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	139	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	139	2	2	2	X
easat-7442	139	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	139	4	ranking	ranking	NOUN
easat-7442	139	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	139	6	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	139	7	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	139	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	139	9	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	139	10	shapley	shapley	NOUN
easat-7442	139	11	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	139	12	originates	originate	NOUN
easat-7442	139	13	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	139	14	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
easat-7442	139	15	game	game	NOUN
easat-7442	139	16	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7442	139	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	139	18	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	139	19	used	use	VERB
easat-7442	139	20	to	to	PART
easat-7442	139	21	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	139	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	139	23	marginal	marginal	ADJ
easat-7442	139	24	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-7442	139	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	139	26	each	each	DET
easat-7442	139	27	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	139	28	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	139	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	139	30	predicted	predict	VERB
easat-7442	139	31	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	139	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	140	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	140	2	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	140	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	140	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	140	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	140	6	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	140	7	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	140	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	140	9	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	140	10	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	140	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	140	12	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	140	13	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	140	14	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-7442	140	15	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	140	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	140	17	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	140	18	shapley	shapley	NOUN
easat-7442	140	19	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	140	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	140	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	140	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	140	23	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-7442	140	24	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	140	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	140	26	𝜙𝑖	𝜙𝑖	ADJ
easat-7442	140	27	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	140	28	∑	∑	PUNCT
easat-7442	140	29	|𝑆|	|𝑆|	VERB
easat-7442	140	30	!	!	PUNCT
easat-7442	141	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	141	2	𝑛	𝑛	DET
easat-7442	141	3	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	141	4	|𝑆|	|𝑆|	VERB
easat-7442	141	5	−	−	NOUN
easat-7442	141	6	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	141	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	141	8	!	!	PUNCT
easat-7442	142	1	𝑛	𝑛	X
easat-7442	142	2	!	!	PUNCT
easat-7442	142	3	𝑆⊆𝑉\{𝑖	𝑆⊆𝑉\{𝑖	ADJ
easat-7442	142	4	}	}	PUNCT
easat-7442	142	5	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	143	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	143	2	𝑌(𝑆	𝑌(𝑆	X
easat-7442	143	3	∪	∪	X
easat-7442	143	4	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	5	𝑖	𝑖	NOUN
easat-7442	143	6	}	}	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	8	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	143	9	𝑌(𝑆	𝑌(𝑆	PROPN
easat-7442	143	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	12	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	143	13	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	143	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	15	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	143	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	17	s	s	NOUN
easat-7442	143	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	19	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7442	143	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	21	predicted	predict	VERB
easat-7442	143	22	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	143	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	143	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	25	result	result	NOUN
easat-7442	143	26	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	143	27	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	143	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	29	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	143	30	set	set	VERB
easat-7442	143	31	s	s	VERB
easat-7442	143	32	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	143	33	included,𝜙𝑖	included,𝜙𝑖	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	35	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	143	36	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-7442	143	37	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	143	38	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	143	39	i.	i.	NOUN
easat-7442	143	40	use	use	NOUN
easat-7442	143	41	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	143	42	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	143	43	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	143	44	random	random	ADJ
easat-7442	143	45	forest	forest	NOUN
easat-7442	143	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	143	47	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	143	48	forest	forest	NOUN
easat-7442	143	49	to	to	PART
easat-7442	143	50	fit	fit	VERB
easat-7442	143	51	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	52	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	143	53	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	143	54	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	143	55	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	143	56	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	143	57	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	143	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	59	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	143	60	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	143	61	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	62	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	143	63	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	143	64	estimate	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	143	65	the	the	DET
easat-7442	143	66	intervention	intervention	ADJ
easat-7442	143	67	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	143	68	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	143	69	each	each	DET
easat-7442	143	70	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	143	71	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	72	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	143	73	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	143	74	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	143	75	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	143	76	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	144	2	each	each	DET
easat-7442	144	3	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	144	4	i	i	PRON
easat-7442	144	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	6	simulate	simulate	VERB
easat-7442	144	7	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	144	8	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	144	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	144	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	11	including	include	VERB
easat-7442	144	12	i	i	PRON
easat-7442	144	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	144	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	16	excluding	exclude	VERB
easat-7442	144	17	i	i	PRON
easat-7442	144	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	144	21	calculate	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	144	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	144	23	expected	expect	VERB
easat-7442	144	24	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	144	25	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	144	26	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	144	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	28	causal	causal	ADV
easat-7442	144	29	effecti	effecti	NOUN
easat-7442	144	30	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	144	31	𝐸[𝑌(𝑋𝑖	𝐸[𝑌(𝑋𝑖	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	32	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	144	33	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	144	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	144	35	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	145	1	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	145	2	𝐸[𝑌(𝑋𝑖	𝐸[𝑌(𝑋𝑖	NOUN
easat-7442	145	3	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	145	4	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	145	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	145	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	145	7	generate	generate	VERB
easat-7442	145	8	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	145	9	samples	sample	NOUN
easat-7442	145	10	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	145	11	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	145	12	carlo	carlo	PROPN
easat-7442	145	13	simulation	simulation	PROPN
easat-7442	145	14	to	to	PART
easat-7442	145	15	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	145	16	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	145	17	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-7442	145	18	caused	cause	VERB
easat-7442	145	19	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	145	20	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	145	21	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	145	22	deletion	deletion	NOUN
easat-7442	145	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	146	1	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	146	2	key	key	ADJ
easat-7442	146	3	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-7442	146	4	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	146	5	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	146	6	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	146	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	146	8	marginal	marginal	ADJ
easat-7442	146	9	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-7442	146	10	ranking	rank	VERB
easat-7442	146	11	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-7442	146	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	146	13	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	146	14	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	146	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	147	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	147	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	147	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	147	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	147	5	manufacturing	manufacture	VERB
easat-7442	147	6	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-7442	147	7	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	147	8	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	147	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	147	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	147	11	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	147	12	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	147	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	147	14	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	147	15	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	147	16	ranked	rank	VERB
easat-7442	147	17	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	147	18	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	147	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	147	20	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	147	21	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
easat-7442	147	22	index	index	NOUN
easat-7442	147	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	147	24	iv	iv	ADP
easat-7442	147	25	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	147	26	variable)>supply	variable)>supply	NOUN
easat-7442	147	27	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	147	28	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	147	29	>	>	X
easat-7442	147	30	raw	raw	ADJ
easat-7442	147	31	material	material	NOUN
easat-7442	147	32	prices	price	NOUN
easat-7442	147	33	>	>	NOUN
easat-7442	147	34	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	147	35	quantity	quantity	NOUN
easat-7442	147	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	148	1	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	148	2	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	148	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	148	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	148	5	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	148	6	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
easat-7442	148	7	index	index	NOUN
easat-7442	148	8	removes	remove	VERB
easat-7442	148	9	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	148	10	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	148	11	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	148	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	148	13	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	148	14	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	148	15	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	148	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	148	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	148	18	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	148	19	shapley	shapley	ADJ
easat-7442	148	20	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	148	21	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	148	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7442	148	23	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	148	24	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	148	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	148	26	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	148	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	148	28	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	148	29	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	148	30	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	148	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	149	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-7442	149	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	149	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	149	4	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	149	5	3.2.1	3.2.1	NUM
easat-7442	149	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	150	1	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	150	2	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	150	3	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	150	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	150	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	150	6	dscm	dscm	PROPN
easat-7442	150	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	150	8	3.2.1.1	3.2.1.1	NUM
easat-7442	150	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	151	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	151	2	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-7442	151	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	151	4	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	151	5	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	151	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	151	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	151	8	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	151	9	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	151	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	151	11	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	151	12	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	151	13	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	151	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	151	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	151	16	dscm	dscm	PROPN
easat-7442	151	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	151	18	combines	combine	VERB
easat-7442	151	19	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	151	20	diagrams	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	151	21	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	151	22	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-7442	151	23	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	151	24	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	151	25	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	151	26	to	to	PART
easat-7442	151	27	characterize	characterize	VERB
easat-7442	151	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	151	29	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	151	30	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	151	31	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	151	32	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	151	33	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	151	34	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	151	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	152	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	152	2	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	152	3	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-7442	152	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	152	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	152	6	2213	2213	NUM
easat-7442	152	7	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	152	8	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	152	9	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	152	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	152	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	152	12	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	152	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	152	14	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	152	15	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	152	16	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	152	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	152	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	153	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	153	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	153	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	153	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	153	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	153	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	153	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	153	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	153	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	153	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	153	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	153	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	153	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	153	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	153	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	153	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	153	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	153	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	153	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	153	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	153	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	153	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	153	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	153	24	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	153	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	153	26	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	153	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	1	𝑋𝑡	𝑋𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	154	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	3	𝑓(𝑋𝑡−1	𝑓(𝑋𝑡−1	NOUN
easat-7442	154	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	5	𝑈𝑡	𝑈𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	154	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	7	𝜃𝑋	𝜃𝑋	NOUN
easat-7442	154	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	9	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	154	10	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	154	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	12	𝑌𝑡	𝑌𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	154	13	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	14	𝑔(𝑋𝑡	𝑔(𝑋𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	154	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	16	𝑉𝑡	𝑉𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	154	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	18	𝜃𝑌	𝜃𝑌	NOUN
easat-7442	154	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	20	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	154	21	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	154	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	23	𝑋𝑡:budget	𝑋𝑡:budget	NOUN
easat-7442	154	24	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	154	25	status	status	NOUN
easat-7442	154	26	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	154	27	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	154	28	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	154	29	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	154	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	31	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	154	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	154	33	department	department	NOUN
easat-7442	154	34	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	154	35	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-7442	154	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	37	𝑌𝑡:observation	𝑌𝑡:observation	NOUN
easat-7442	154	38	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	154	39	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	154	40	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	154	41	at	at	ADP
easat-7442	154	42	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	154	43	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	154	44	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	45	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	154	46	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	154	47	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	154	48	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	154	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	154	50	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	154	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	155	1	𝑈𝑡	𝑈𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	155	3	𝑉𝑡:external	𝑉𝑡:external	ADJ
easat-7442	155	4	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-7442	155	5	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	155	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	155	7	following	follow	VERB
easat-7442	155	8	an	an	DET
easat-7442	155	9	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-7442	155	10	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	155	11	𝜃𝑋,𝜃𝑌:causal	𝜃𝑋,𝜃𝑌:causal	PUNCT
easat-7442	155	12	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	155	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	155	14	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	155	15	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	155	16	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	155	17	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
easat-7442	155	18	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	155	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	155	20	3.2.1.2	3.2.1.2	NUM
easat-7442	155	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	1	bayesian	bayesian	NOUN
easat-7442	156	2	network	network	NOUN
easat-7442	156	3	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	156	4	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7442	156	5	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-7442	156	6	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	156	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	8	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	156	9	data𝐷𝑡	data𝐷𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	156	10	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	156	11	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	12	𝑋1：𝑡	𝑋1：𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	156	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	14	𝑌1：𝑡}update	𝑌1：𝑡}update	X
easat-7442	156	15	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	156	16	parameters𝜃	parameters𝜃	NOUN
easat-7442	156	17	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	156	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	19	𝜃𝑋	𝜃𝑋	ADJ
easat-7442	156	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	21	𝜃𝑌	𝜃𝑌	NOUN
easat-7442	156	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	23	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	156	24	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	156	25	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	156	26	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	156	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	28	1	1	X
easat-7442	156	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	30	prior	prior	ADV
easat-7442	156	31	setting	set	VERB
easat-7442	156	32	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	33	initialize	initialize	VERB
easat-7442	156	34	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	156	35	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	156	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	37	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	156	38	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	156	39	gaussian	gaussian	ADJ
easat-7442	156	40	prior):𝜃𝑋	prior):𝜃𝑋	NOUN
easat-7442	156	41	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	156	42	𝒩(𝜇0	𝒩(𝜇0	PROPN
easat-7442	156	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	44	𝜎0	𝜎0	NOUN
easat-7442	156	45	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	156	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	48	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	156	49	𝜃𝑌	𝜃𝑌	PROPN
easat-7442	156	50	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	156	51	𝒩(𝜇1	𝒩(𝜇1	PROPN
easat-7442	156	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	53	𝜎1	𝜎1	NOUN
easat-7442	156	54	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	156	55	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	56	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	156	57	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	156	58	posteriori	posteriori	NOUN
easat-7442	156	59	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	156	60	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	156	61	update	update	VERB
easat-7442	156	62	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	156	63	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	156	64	kalman	kalman	PROPN
easat-7442	156	65	filtering	filtering	NOUN
easat-7442	156	66	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	156	67	variational	variational	ADJ
easat-7442	156	68	inference:𝜇𝑡	inference:𝜇𝑡	NOUN
easat-7442	156	69	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	157	1	𝜇𝑡−1	𝜇𝑡−1	VERB
easat-7442	157	2	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	157	3	𝐾𝑡(𝑌𝑡	𝐾𝑡(𝑌𝑡	X
easat-7442	157	4	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	157	5	𝑔(𝑋𝑡𝜇𝑡−1))，of	𝑔(𝑋𝑡𝜇𝑡−1))，of	PROPN
easat-7442	157	6	which𝐾𝑡for	which𝐾𝑡for	NOUN
easat-7442	157	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	157	8	kalman	kalman	NOUN
easat-7442	157	9	gain	gain	NOUN
easat-7442	157	10	matrix	matrix	NOUN
easat-7442	157	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	158	1	3.2.1.3	3.2.1.3	NUM
easat-7442	158	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	158	3	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	158	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	158	5	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	158	6	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	158	7	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	158	8	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	158	9	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	158	10	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	158	11	allocation𝑑𝑜(𝑋𝑡	allocation𝑑𝑜(𝑋𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	158	12	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	158	13	𝑥∗)，predicting	𝑥∗)，predicte	VERB
easat-7442	158	14	changes	change	NOUN
easat-7442	158	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	158	16	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	158	17	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	158	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	158	19	𝛥𝑌𝑡+𝑘	𝛥𝑌𝑡+𝑘	NUM
easat-7442	158	20	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	158	21	𝐸[𝑌𝑡+𝑘	𝐸[𝑌𝑡+𝑘	NOUN
easat-7442	158	22	∣	∣	ADJ
easat-7442	158	23	𝑑𝑜(𝑋𝑡	𝑑𝑜(𝑋𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	158	24	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	158	25	𝑥∗	𝑥∗	PROPN
easat-7442	158	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	158	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	159	1	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	159	2	𝐸[𝑌𝑡+𝑘	𝐸[𝑌𝑡+𝑘	NOUN
easat-7442	159	3	∣	∣	ADJ
easat-7442	159	4	𝑋𝑡	𝑋𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	159	5	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	159	6	𝑥𝑜𝑏𝑠	𝑥𝑜𝑏𝑠	NOUN
easat-7442	159	7	]	]	X
easat-7442	159	8	1	1	X
easat-7442	159	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	159	10	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	159	11	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-7442	159	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	159	13	freeze	freeze	VERB
easat-7442	159	14	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	159	15	states𝑋1:𝑡−1，force𝑋𝑡=𝑥∗，simulate	states𝑋1:𝑡−1，force𝑋𝑡=𝑥∗，simulate	NOUN
easat-7442	159	16	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
easat-7442	159	17	states𝑋𝑡+1	states𝑋𝑡+1	NOUN
easat-7442	159	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	159	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	159	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	160	1	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	161	1	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	161	2	𝑋𝑡+𝑘	𝑋𝑡+𝑘	PROPN
easat-7442	161	3	。	。	PROPN
easat-7442	161	4	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	161	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	161	6	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	161	7	carlo	carlo	PROPN
easat-7442	161	8	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-7442	161	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	161	10	from𝑃(𝜃|𝐷𝑡)extract	from𝑃(𝜃|𝐷𝑡)extract	ADJ
easat-7442	161	11	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	161	12	samples	sample	NOUN
easat-7442	161	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	161	14	calculate𝑌𝑡+𝑘the	calculate𝑌𝑡+𝑘the	DET
easat-7442	161	15	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	161	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	162	1	3.2.2	3.2.2	X
easat-7442	162	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	1	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	163	2	carlo	carlo	PROPN
easat-7442	163	3	simulation	simulation	PROPN
easat-7442	163	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	163	5	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	163	6	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	163	7	3.2.2.1	3.2.2.1	NUM
easat-7442	163	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	9	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	163	10	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	163	11	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-7442	163	12	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	163	13	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	163	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	15	generate	generate	VERB
easat-7442	163	16	unexecuted	unexecuted	ADJ
easat-7442	163	17	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	163	18	plans	plan	NOUN
easat-7442	163	19	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	163	20	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	163	21	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	163	22	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	163	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	163	25	predict	predict	VERB
easat-7442	163	26	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	163	27	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	163	28	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	163	29	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	163	30	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	163	31	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	163	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	33	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	163	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	35	parameter	parameter	PROPN
easat-7442	163	36	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	163	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	38	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	163	39	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	163	40	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	163	41	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	163	42	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	163	43	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	163	44	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	163	45	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	46	𝜃	𝜃	X
easat-7442	163	47	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	48	argmax	argmax	X
easat-7442	163	49	𝜃	𝜃	X
easat-7442	163	50	𝑃(𝐷ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡|𝜃	𝑃(𝐷ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡|𝜃	NOUN
easat-7442	163	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	52	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	163	53	which，𝐷ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡	which，𝐷ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡	PROPN
easat-7442	163	54	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	163	55	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	56	𝑋1:𝑇	𝑋1:𝑇	X
easat-7442	163	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	163	58	𝑌1:𝑇}allocate	𝑌1:𝑇}allocate	VERB
easat-7442	163	59	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	163	60	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	163	61	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	163	62	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	163	63	indicator	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	163	64	data	data	PROPN
easat-7442	163	65	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	1	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	164	2	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	164	3	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	164	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	5	defining	define	VERB
easat-7442	164	6	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	164	7	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	164	8	allocation𝑋𝑐𝑓the	allocation𝑋𝑐𝑓the	DET
easat-7442	164	9	feasible	feasible	ADJ
easat-7442	164	10	range	range	NOUN
easat-7442	164	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	12	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	164	13	example:𝑋𝑐𝑓	example:𝑋𝑐𝑓	VERB
easat-7442	164	14	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	164	15	𝒩(𝜇𝑋	𝒩(𝜇𝑋	NOUN
easat-7442	164	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	17	𝜎𝑋	𝜎𝑋	PROPN
easat-7442	164	18	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	164	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	20	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	164	21	carlo	carlo	NOUN
easat-7442	164	22	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-7442	164	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	24	generate	generate	VERB
easat-7442	164	25	n	n	DET
easat-7442	164	26	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	164	27	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	164	28	proposals	proposal	NOUN
easat-7442	164	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	30	x1	x1	NUM
easat-7442	164	31	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	164	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	33	x2	x2	PROPN
easat-7442	164	34	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	164	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	164	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	165	1	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	166	1	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	166	2	xn	xn	PUNCT
easat-7442	166	3	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	166	4	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	166	5	p(xcf	p(xcf	NOUN
easat-7442	166	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	166	7	result	result	NOUN
easat-7442	166	8	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	166	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	166	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	166	11	eachxi	eachxi	NOUN
easat-7442	166	12	cf，calculate	cf，calculate	PROPN
easat-7442	166	13	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	166	14	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	166	15	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	166	16	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	166	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	166	18	yi	yi	PROPN
easat-7442	167	1	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	167	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	3	f(xi	f(xi	X
easat-7442	167	4	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	167	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	6	ui|θ	ui|θ	NOUN
easat-7442	167	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	9	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	167	10	ui	ui	PROPN
easat-7442	167	11	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	167	12	p(u	p(u	NOUN
easat-7442	167	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	14	3.2.2.2	3.2.2.2	NUM
easat-7442	167	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	16	probability	probability	NOUN
easat-7442	167	17	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	167	18	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	167	19	bootstrap	bootstrap	NOUN
easat-7442	167	20	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7442	167	21	interval	interval	NOUN
easat-7442	167	22	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	167	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	167	24	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	167	25	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	167	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	1	resampling	resample	VERB
easat-7442	168	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	3	extract	extract	VERB
easat-7442	168	4	b	b	PROPN
easat-7442	168	5	bootstrap	bootstrap	NOUN
easat-7442	168	6	samples	sample	NOUN
easat-7442	168	7	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	168	8	replacement	replacement	NOUN
easat-7442	168	9	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	168	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	168	11	original	original	ADJ
easat-7442	168	12	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	168	13	d	d	NOUN
easat-7442	168	14	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	15	d(1	d(1	PROPN
easat-7442	168	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	18	d(2	d(2	PROPN
easat-7442	168	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	168	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	169	1	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	1	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	2	d(b	d(b	PROPN
easat-7442	170	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	4	}	}	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	5	。	。	PROPN
easat-7442	170	6	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	170	7	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	170	8	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	170	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	170	11	each	each	DET
easat-7442	170	12	sampled(b)，calculate	sampled(b)，calculate	ADJ
easat-7442	170	13	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	170	14	effectsτ(b	effectsτ(b	NOUN
easat-7442	170	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	16	。	。	NOUN
easat-7442	170	17	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	170	18	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-7442	170	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	20	collect	collect	VERB
easat-7442	170	21	allτ(1	allτ(1	NOUN
easat-7442	170	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	170	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	171	1	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	172	1	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	172	2	τ(b)，construct	τ(b)，construct	VERB
easat-7442	172	3	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-7442	172	4	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	172	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	173	1	2214	2214	NUM
easat-7442	173	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	173	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	173	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	173	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	173	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	173	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	173	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	173	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	173	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	173	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	173	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	173	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	174	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	174	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	174	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	174	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	174	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	174	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	174	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	174	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	174	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	174	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	174	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	174	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	174	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	174	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	21	licensee	licensee	NOUN
easat-7442	174	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	174	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	174	24	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7442	174	25	interval	interval	NOUN
easat-7442	174	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	27	take	take	VERB
easat-7442	174	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	174	29	distributionα/2and1	distributionα/2and1	PROPN
easat-7442	174	30	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	174	31	α/2quantile	α/2quantile	ADJ
easat-7442	174	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	174	33	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7442	174	34	interval	interval	NOUN
easat-7442	174	35	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	174	36	ci1−α	ci1−α	PROPN
easat-7442	175	1	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	176	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	176	2	τ(α/2	τ(α/2	NOUN
easat-7442	176	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	176	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	176	5	τ(1−α/2	τ(1−α/2	X
easat-7442	176	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	176	7	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	177	1	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
easat-7442	177	2	representation	representation	NOUN
easat-7442	177	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	177	4	τ	τ	PROPN
easat-7442	177	5	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	177	6	e[y|do(x	e[y|do(x	PROPN
easat-7442	177	7	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	177	8	xcf	xcf	PROPN
easat-7442	177	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	177	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	178	1	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	178	2	e[y|x	e[y|x	PROPN
easat-7442	178	3	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	178	4	xobs	xobs	PROPN
easat-7442	178	5	]	]	X
easat-7442	178	6	seboot	seboot	NOUN
easat-7442	178	7	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	179	1	√	√	PROPN
easat-7442	179	2	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	179	3	b	b	NOUN
easat-7442	179	4	−	−	NUM
easat-7442	179	5	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	179	6	∑(τ(b	∑(τ(b	NOUN
easat-7442	179	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	179	8	−	−	NOUN
easat-7442	179	9	τ‾)2	τ‾)2	SYM
easat-7442	179	10	b	b	X
easat-7442	179	11	b=1	b=1	SYM
easat-7442	179	12	3.2.3	3.2.3	X
easat-7442	179	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	180	1	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	180	2	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	180	3	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	180	4	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	180	5	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	180	6	agent	agent	ADJ
easat-7442	180	7	games	game	NOUN
easat-7442	180	8	3.2.3.1	3.2.3.1	NUM
easat-7442	180	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	180	10	inter	inter	ADJ
easat-7442	180	11	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	180	12	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-7442	180	13	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	180	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	180	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	180	16	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	180	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	180	18	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	180	19	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	180	20	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	180	21	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	180	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	180	23	each	each	DET
easat-7442	180	24	department	department	NOUN
easat-7442	180	25	acts	act	VERB
easat-7442	180	26	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	180	27	an	an	DET
easat-7442	180	28	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-7442	180	29	agent	agent	NOUN
easat-7442	180	30	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	180	31	the	the	DET
easat-7442	180	32	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-7442	180	33	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	180	34	maximizing	maximize	VERB
easat-7442	180	35	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	180	36	own	own	ADJ
easat-7442	180	37	utility	utility	NOUN
easat-7442	180	38	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	180	39	game	game	NOUN
easat-7442	180	40	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7442	180	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	181	1	construct	construct	VERB
easat-7442	181	2	a	a	DET
easat-7442	181	3	non	non	ADJ
easat-7442	181	4	cooperative	cooperative	ADJ
easat-7442	181	5	game	game	NOUN
easat-7442	181	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	181	7	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	181	8	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	181	9	participant	participant	ADJ
easat-7442	181	10	set	set	NOUN
easat-7442	181	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	181	12	n	n	DET
easat-7442	181	13	departments	department	NOUN
easat-7442	181	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	181	15	denoted	denote	VERB
easat-7442	181	16	asi	asi	X
easat-7442	181	17	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-7442	181	18	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	181	19	1,2	1,2	NUM
easat-7442	181	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	181	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	181	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	182	1	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	183	1	n	n	CCONJ
easat-7442	183	2	}	}	PUNCT
easat-7442	183	3	。	。	ADJ
easat-7442	183	4	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	183	5	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	183	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	183	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	183	8	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	183	9	requirement	requirement	NOUN
easat-7442	183	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	183	11	department	department	NOUN
easat-7442	183	12	i	i	PRON
easat-7442	183	13	isxi	isxi	VERB
easat-7442	183	14	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-7442	184	1	xi，the	xi，the	DET
easat-7442	184	2	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-7442	184	3	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	184	4	constraint	constraint	NOUN
easat-7442	184	5	is∑	is∑	NOUN
easat-7442	184	6	xi	xi	ADP
easat-7442	184	7	n	n	PROPN
easat-7442	184	8	i=1	i=1	PROPN
easat-7442	184	9	≤	≤	NOUN
easat-7442	184	10	b(b	b(b	PROPN
easat-7442	184	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	184	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	184	13	total	total	ADJ
easat-7442	184	14	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	184	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	184	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	185	1	utility	utility	NOUN
easat-7442	185	2	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	185	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	185	4	utility	utility	NOUN
easat-7442	185	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	185	6	department	department	PROPN
easat-7442	185	7	iui(xi	iui(xi	PROPN
easat-7442	185	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	185	9	x−i)determined	x−i)determine	VERB
easat-7442	185	10	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	185	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	185	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-7442	185	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	185	14	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	185	15	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	185	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	185	17	inter	inter	ADJ
easat-7442	185	18	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	185	19	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-7442	185	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	185	21	λ	λ	X
easat-7442	185	22	∑	∑	PROPN
easat-7442	185	23	xjj∋i	xjj∋i	PROPN
easat-7442	185	24	.of	.of	PUNCT
easat-7442	186	1	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	186	3	ri(xi)for	ri(xi)for	ADP
easat-7442	186	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	186	5	budgetxithe	budgetxithe	PROPN
easat-7442	186	6	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-7442	186	7	bui(xi	bui(xi	X
easat-7442	186	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	186	9	x−i	x−i	X
easat-7442	186	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	186	11	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	186	12	ri(xi	ri(xi	PROPN
easat-7442	186	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	187	1	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	187	2	ci(xi)rought	ci(xi)rought	PROPN
easat-7442	187	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	187	4	ci(xi)for	ci(xi)for	NOUN
easat-7442	187	5	budgeting	budget	VERB
easat-7442	187	6	costs,	costs,	NOUN
easat-7442	187	7	solving	solve	VERB
easat-7442	187	8	nash	nash	ADJ
easat-7442	187	9	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
easat-7442	187	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	187	11	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-7442	187	12	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	187	13	require	require	VERB
easat-7442	187	14	each	each	DET
easat-7442	187	15	department	department	NOUN
easat-7442	187	16	to	to	PART
easat-7442	187	17	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	187	18	unable	unable	ADJ
easat-7442	187	19	to	to	PART
easat-7442	187	20	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	187	21	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	187	22	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-7442	187	23	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	187	24	unilaterally	unilaterally	ADV
easat-7442	187	25	changing	change	VERB
easat-7442	187	26	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	187	27	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	187	28	given	give	VERB
easat-7442	187	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	187	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	187	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	187	32	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	187	33	departments	department	NOUN
easat-7442	187	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	187	35	∀i	∀i	NOUN
easat-7442	187	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	187	37	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	187	38	xi	xi	ADP
easat-7442	187	39	∗	∗	NOUN
easat-7442	187	40	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	187	41	argmax	argmax	PROPN
easat-7442	187	42	xi	xi	X
easat-7442	188	1	ui(xi	ui(xi	PROPN
easat-7442	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	3	x−i	x−i	PROPN
easat-7442	188	4	∗	∗	NOUN
easat-7442	188	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	6	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	188	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	188	8	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7442	188	9	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	188	10	∑	∑	PROPN
easat-7442	188	11	xi	xi	ADP
easat-7442	188	12	n	n	PROPN
easat-7442	188	13	i=1	i=1	PROPN
easat-7442	188	14	≤	≤	PROPN
easat-7442	188	15	b	b	NOUN
easat-7442	188	16	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-7442	188	17	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	188	18	steps	step	NOUN
easat-7442	188	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	20	initialize	initialize	VERB
easat-7442	188	21	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	188	22	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-7442	188	23	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	188	24	each	each	DET
easat-7442	188	25	departmentxi	departmentxi	VERB
easat-7442	188	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	27	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	188	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	29	。	。	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	30	loop	loop	NOUN
easat-7442	188	31	iteration	iteration	NOUN
easat-7442	188	32	until	until	ADP
easat-7442	188	33	convergence	convergence	NOUN
easat-7442	188	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	35	xi	xi	X
easat-7442	188	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	37	k+1	k+1	NOUN
easat-7442	188	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	188	39	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	188	40	argmax	argmax	X
easat-7442	188	41	xi	xi	X
easat-7442	189	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	189	2	ri(xi	ri(xi	PROPN
easat-7442	189	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	189	4	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	190	1	ci(xi	ci(xi	PROPN
easat-7442	190	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	191	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	191	2	λ	λ	PROPN
easat-7442	191	3	∑	∑	PROPN
easat-7442	191	4	xj	xj	PROPN
easat-7442	191	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	191	6	k	k	NOUN
easat-7442	191	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	191	8	j∋i	j∋i	PROPN
easat-7442	191	9	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	191	10	verify	verify	VERB
easat-7442	191	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	191	12	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-7442	191	13	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	191	14	constraint	constraint	NOUN
easat-7442	191	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	191	16	adjust	adjust	VERB
easat-7442	191	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	191	18	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	191	19	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	191	20	lagrange	lagrange	NOUN
easat-7442	191	21	multiplier	multipli	ADJ
easat-7442	191	22	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	191	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	192	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	192	2	2	2	X
easat-7442	192	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	192	4	central	central	ADJ
easat-7442	192	5	controller	controller	NOUN
easat-7442	192	6	design	design	VERB
easat-7442	192	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	192	8	central	central	ADJ
easat-7442	192	9	controller	controller	NOUN
easat-7442	192	10	coordinates	coordinate	VERB
easat-7442	192	11	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	192	12	competition	competition	NOUN
easat-7442	192	13	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	192	14	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-7442	192	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	192	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	192	17	qlearning	qlearning	NOUN
easat-7442	192	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	192	19	to	to	PART
easat-7442	192	20	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	192	21	global	global	ADJ
easat-7442	192	22	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	192	23	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-7442	192	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	193	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	193	2	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	193	3	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-7442	193	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	193	5	q	q	NOUN
easat-7442	193	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	193	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	193	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	193	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	193	10	q(s	q(s	PROPN
easat-7442	193	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	193	12	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	193	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	193	14	←	←	PROPN
easat-7442	193	15	q(s	q(s	PROPN
easat-7442	193	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	193	17	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	193	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	194	1	+	+	NOUN
easat-7442	194	2	α	α	PRON
easat-7442	195	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	195	2	r	r	X
easat-7442	195	3	+	+	NUM
easat-7442	195	4	γmax	γmax	PROPN
easat-7442	195	5	a′	a′	PROPN
easat-7442	195	6	q(s′	q(s′	PROPN
easat-7442	195	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	195	8	a′	a′	ADJ
easat-7442	195	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	196	1	−	−	ADP
easat-7442	197	1	q(s	q(s	PROPN
easat-7442	197	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	3	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	197	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	6	state	state	NOUN
easat-7442	197	7	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	197	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	9	s	s	X
easat-7442	197	10	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	12	x1	x1	PROPN
easat-7442	197	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	14	x2	x2	PROPN
easat-7442	197	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	16	…	…	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	18	xn	xn	PROPN
easat-7442	197	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	20	y)，including	y)，include	VERB
easat-7442	197	21	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	197	22	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	197	23	allocationxiand	allocationxiand	NOUN
easat-7442	197	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	197	25	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-7442	197	26	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-7442	197	27	indicator	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	197	28	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	197	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	197	30	the	the	DET
easat-7442	197	31	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	197	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	33	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	197	34	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	197	35	market	market	NOUN
easat-7442	197	36	share	share	NOUN
easat-7442	197	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	197	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	1	action	action	NOUN
easat-7442	198	2	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	198	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	4	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	198	5	=	=	X
easat-7442	198	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	7	δx1	δx1	PROPN
easat-7442	198	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	9	δx2	δx2	PROPN
easat-7442	198	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	11	…	…	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	198	13	δxn)，represents	δxn)，represent	VERB
easat-7442	198	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	198	15	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	198	16	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
easat-7442	198	17	vector	vector	NOUN
easat-7442	198	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	199	1	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	199	2	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	199	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	199	4	global	global	ADJ
easat-7442	199	5	rewardr	rewardr	PROPN
easat-7442	199	6	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	199	7	roicounterfactual	roicounterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	199	8	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	199	9	roiin	roiin	NOUN
easat-7442	199	10	reality，the	reality，the	DET
easat-7442	199	11	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	199	12	rol	rol	NOUN
easat-7442	199	13	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	199	14	generated	generate	VERB
easat-7442	199	15	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	199	16	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	199	17	carlo	carlo	PROPN
easat-7442	199	18	simulation	simulation	PROPN
easat-7442	199	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	200	1	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	200	2	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	200	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	200	4	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	200	5	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-7442	200	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	200	7	adopting	adopt	VERB
easat-7442	200	8	the	the	DET
easat-7442	200	9	ε	ε	PROPN
easat-7442	200	10	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-7442	200	11	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	200	12	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	200	13	probabilityrandomly	probabilityrandomly	ADV
easat-7442	200	14	adjust	adjust	VERB
easat-7442	200	15	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	200	16	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	200	17	to	to	PART
easat-7442	200	18	−1	−1	PART
easat-7442	200	19	select	select	VERB
easat-7442	200	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	200	21	action	action	NOUN
easat-7442	200	22	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	200	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	200	24	highest	high	ADJ
easat-7442	200	25	current	current	ADJ
easat-7442	200	26	q	q	NOUN
easat-7442	200	27	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	200	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	201	1	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-7442	201	2	replay	replay	NOUN
easat-7442	201	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	201	4	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	201	5	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	201	6	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-7442	201	7	data(st	data(st	NOUN
easat-7442	201	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	201	9	at	at	ADP
easat-7442	201	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	201	11	rt	rt	INTJ
easat-7442	201	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	201	13	st+1)，randomly	st+1)，randomly	ADJ
easat-7442	201	14	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-7442	201	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	201	16	train	train	NOUN
easat-7442	201	17	q	q	PROPN
easat-7442	201	18	network	network	NOUN
easat-7442	201	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	202	1	2215	2215	NUM
easat-7442	202	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	202	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	202	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	202	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	202	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	202	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	202	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	202	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	202	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	202	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	202	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	202	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	203	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	203	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	203	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	203	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	203	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	203	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	203	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	203	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	203	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	203	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	203	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	203	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	203	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	203	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	203	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	203	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	203	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	203	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	203	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	204	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	204	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	204	3	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-7442	204	4	network	network	NOUN
easat-7442	204	5	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	204	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	204	7	minimize	minimize	VERB
easat-7442	204	8	td	td	NOUN
easat-7442	204	9	error	error	NOUN
easat-7442	204	10	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	204	11	gradient	gradient	ADJ
easat-7442	204	12	descent:ℒ	descent:ℒ	NOUN
easat-7442	204	13	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	204	14	𝔼	𝔼	PROPN
easat-7442	205	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	205	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	205	3	r	r	NOUN
easat-7442	205	4	+	+	NUM
easat-7442	205	5	γmax	γmax	PROPN
easat-7442	205	6	a′	a′	PROPN
easat-7442	205	7	qtarget(s′	qtarget(s′	PROPN
easat-7442	205	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	205	9	a′	a′	PROPN
easat-7442	205	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	206	1	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	206	2	qonline(s	qonline(s	PROPN
easat-7442	206	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	206	4	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	206	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	206	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	206	7	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	206	8	]	]	SYM
easat-7442	206	9	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-7442	206	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	207	1	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	207	2	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	207	3	level	level	NOUN
easat-7442	207	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	207	5	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-7442	207	6	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	207	7	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7442	207	8	3.3.1	3.3.1	X
easat-7442	207	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	208	1	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	208	2	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	208	3	design	design	NOUN
easat-7442	208	4	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	208	5	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-7442	208	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	208	7	3.3.1.1	3.3.1.1	PROPN
easat-7442	208	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	209	1	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	209	2	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	209	3	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-7442	209	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	209	5	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	209	6	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	209	7	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-7442	209	8	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7442	209	9	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	209	10	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-7442	209	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	209	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	209	13	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	209	14	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	209	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	209	16	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-7442	209	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	209	18	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	209	19	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	209	20	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	209	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	209	22	increment	increment	NOUN
easat-7442	209	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	209	24	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	209	25	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	209	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	209	27	factual	factual	ADJ
easat-7442	209	28	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	209	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	1	rt	rt	PROPN
easat-7442	210	2	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	3	roit	roit	NOUN
easat-7442	210	4	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	210	5	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	210	6	roit	roit	NOUN
easat-7442	210	7	obs	obs	NOUN
easat-7442	210	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	210	9	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	210	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	11	roit	roit	NOUN
easat-7442	210	12	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	210	13	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	14	yt	yt	NOUN
easat-7442	210	15	cf−ct	cf−ct	X
easat-7442	210	16	ct	ct	NOUN
easat-7442	210	17	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	210	18	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	210	19	roiroit	roiroit	NOUN
easat-7442	210	20	obs	obs	PROPN
easat-7442	210	21	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	22	yt	yt	PROPN
easat-7442	210	23	obs−ct	obs−ct	NOUN
easat-7442	210	24	ct	ct	PROPN
easat-7442	210	25	to	to	PART
easat-7442	210	26	observe	observe	VERB
easat-7442	210	27	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	210	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	29	andγt	andγt	ADV
easat-7442	210	30	obsthe	obsthe	ADJ
easat-7442	210	31	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	210	32	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	210	33	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	210	34	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	210	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	210	36	factual	factual	ADJ
easat-7442	210	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	38	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-7442	210	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	40	ctbudget	ctbudget	NOUN
easat-7442	210	41	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-7442	210	42	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	210	43	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	210	44	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	210	45	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	210	46	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	210	47	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	210	48	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	210	49	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	50	1	1	X
easat-7442	210	51	.	.	X
easat-7442	210	52	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	210	53	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-7442	210	54	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	210	55	current	current	ADJ
easat-7442	210	56	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	210	57	allocationxtapply	allocationxtapply	VERB
easat-7442	210	58	minor	minor	ADJ
easat-7442	210	59	disturbancesδx，generate	disturbancesδx，generate	ADJ
easat-7442	210	60	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	210	61	actionsacf	actionsacf	NOUN
easat-7442	210	62	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	210	63	xt	xt	PROPN
easat-7442	211	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	211	2	δx	δx	PROPN
easat-7442	211	3	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	211	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	211	5	result	result	PROPN
easat-7442	211	6	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-7442	211	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	211	8	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	211	9	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	211	10	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	211	11	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	211	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	211	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	211	14	scm)yt	scm)yt	NOUN
easat-7442	211	15	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	211	16	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	211	17	f(acf	f(acf	PROPN
easat-7442	211	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	211	19	ut|θ	ut|θ	PROPN
easat-7442	211	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	211	21	。	。	PROPN
easat-7442	211	22	3	3	X
easat-7442	211	23	.	.	X
easat-7442	211	24	incremental	incremental	ADJ
easat-7442	211	25	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	211	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	211	27	δroit	δroit	ADJ
easat-7442	211	28	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	211	29	roit	roit	NOUN
easat-7442	211	30	cf	cf	NOUN
easat-7442	211	31	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	211	32	roit	roit	NOUN
easat-7442	211	33	obs	obs	PROPN
easat-7442	211	34	3.3.1.2	3.3.1.2	PROPN
easat-7442	211	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	1	constraint	constraint	NOUN
easat-7442	212	2	embedding	embed	VERB
easat-7442	212	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	4	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-7442	212	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	212	6	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	212	7	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-7442	212	8	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-7442	212	9	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	212	10	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	212	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	12	rt	rt	PROPN
easat-7442	212	13	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-7442	212	14	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	212	15	rt	rt	PROPN
easat-7442	212	16	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	212	17	η	η	PROPN
easat-7442	212	18	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	212	19	max(0	max(0	NOUN
easat-7442	212	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	21	gtarget	gtarget	VERB
easat-7442	212	22	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	212	23	gt	gt	PROPN
easat-7442	212	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	25	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	212	26	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	212	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	28	gtthe	gtthe	PRON
easat-7442	212	29	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-7442	212	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	212	31	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-7442	212	32	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	212	33	current	current	ADJ
easat-7442	212	34	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	212	35	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-7442	212	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	37	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	212	38	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	212	39	market	market	NOUN
easat-7442	212	40	share	share	NOUN
easat-7442	212	41	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	212	42	current	current	ADJ
easat-7442	212	43	share	share	NOUN
easat-7442	212	44	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	212	45	target	target	NOUN
easat-7442	212	46	share	share	NOUN
easat-7442	212	47	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	48	gtargetfor	gtargetfor	ADP
easat-7442	212	49	the	the	DET
easat-7442	212	50	target	target	NOUN
easat-7442	212	51	threshold	threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	212	52	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	53	usually	usually	ADV
easat-7442	212	54	setgtarget	setgtarget	NOUN
easat-7442	212	55	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	212	56	1|η=1	1|η=1	NUM
easat-7442	212	57	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	58	ηfor	ηfor	ADP
easat-7442	212	59	the	the	DET
easat-7442	212	60	penalty	penalty	NOUN
easat-7442	212	61	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	212	62	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	63	selected	select	VERB
easat-7442	212	64	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	212	65	cross	cross	NOUN
easat-7442	212	66	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-7442	212	67	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	68	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	212	69	exampleη	exampleη	NOUN
easat-7442	212	70	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	212	71	10	10	NUM
easat-7442	212	72	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	73	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	212	74	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	212	75	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	212	76	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-7442	212	77	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	212	78	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	212	79	market	market	NOUN
easat-7442	212	80	share	share	NOUN
easat-7442	212	81	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	213	1	gt	gt	PROPN
easat-7442	214	1	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	214	2	st	st	PROPN
easat-7442	214	3	starget	starget	PROPN
easat-7442	214	4	constraint	constraint	NOUN
easat-7442	214	5	activation	activation	NOUN
easat-7442	214	6	rules	rule	NOUN
easat-7442	214	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	214	8	penalty	penalty	NOUN
easat-7442	214	9	item=	item=	PROPN
easat-7442	214	10	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	214	11	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	214	12	ifgt	ifgt	PROPN
easat-7442	214	13	≥	≥	PROPN
easat-7442	214	14	gtarget	gtarget	PROPN
easat-7442	214	15	η	η	PROPN
easat-7442	214	16	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	214	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	214	18	gtarget	gtarget	VERB
easat-7442	214	19	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	214	20	gt	gt	PROPN
easat-7442	214	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	214	22	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
easat-7442	214	23	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	214	24	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	214	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	215	1	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	215	2	setting	set	VERB
easat-7442	215	3	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	215	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	216	1	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	216	2	symbol	symbol	NOUN
easat-7442	216	3	typical	typical	ADJ
easat-7442	216	4	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	216	5	describe	describe	VERB
easat-7442	216	6	penalty	penalty	NOUN
easat-7442	216	7	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	216	8	η	η	PROPN
easat-7442	216	9	10	10	NUM
easat-7442	216	10	determine	determine	NOUN
easat-7442	216	11	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	216	12	grid	grid	NOUN
easat-7442	216	13	search	search	NOUN
easat-7442	216	14	target	target	NOUN
easat-7442	216	15	threshold	threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	216	16	gtarget	gtarget	VERB
easat-7442	216	17	1.0	1.0	NUM
easat-7442	216	18	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	216	19	100	100	NUM
easat-7442	216	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	216	21	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-7442	216	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	216	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	216	24	target	target	NOUN
easat-7442	216	25	discount	discount	NOUN
easat-7442	216	26	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	216	27	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	216	28	0.95	0.95	NUM
easat-7442	216	29	long	long	ADJ
easat-7442	216	30	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	216	31	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	216	32	attenuation	attenuation	NOUN
easat-7442	216	33	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	216	34	3.3.1.3	3.3.1.3	PROPN
easat-7442	216	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	217	1	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-7442	217	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	217	3	objective	objective	ADJ
easat-7442	217	4	total	total	ADJ
easat-7442	217	5	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	217	6	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	217	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	217	8	v(s	v(s	X
easat-7442	217	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	218	1	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	218	2	𝔼	𝔼	PROPN
easat-7442	219	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	219	2	∑	∑	X
easat-7442	219	3	γk	γk	PROPN
easat-7442	219	4	∞	∞	NUM
easat-7442	219	5	k=0	k=0	PROPN
easat-7442	219	6	rt+k	rt+k	VERB
easat-7442	219	7	constrained|st	constrained|st	X
easat-7442	219	8	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	219	9	s	s	X
easat-7442	219	10	]	]	X
easat-7442	219	11	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	219	12	gradient	gradient	NOUN
easat-7442	219	13	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	219	14	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-7442	219	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	219	16	taking	take	VERB
easat-7442	219	17	actor	actor	NOUN
easat-7442	219	18	critic	critic	NOUN
easat-7442	219	19	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	219	20	an	an	DET
easat-7442	219	21	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	219	22	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	219	23	2216	2216	NUM
easat-7442	219	24	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	219	25	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	219	26	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	219	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	219	28	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	219	29	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	219	30	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	219	31	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	219	32	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	219	33	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	219	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	219	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	220	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	220	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	220	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	220	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	220	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	220	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	220	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	220	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	220	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	220	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	220	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	220	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	220	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	220	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	220	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	220	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	220	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	220	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	220	24	∇θj(θ	∇θj(θ	NOUN
easat-7442	220	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	26	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	220	27	e[∇θlogπθ(a|s	e[∇θlogπθ(a|s	NUM
easat-7442	220	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	29	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	220	30	qϕ(s	qϕ(s	X
easat-7442	220	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	32	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	220	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	35	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	220	36	whichqϕ(s	whichqϕ(s	PROPN
easat-7442	220	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	220	38	a)estimate	a)estimate	VERB
easat-7442	220	39	the	the	DET
easat-7442	220	40	action	action	NOUN
easat-7442	220	41	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	220	42	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	220	43	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	220	44	the	the	DET
easat-7442	220	45	critic	critic	NOUN
easat-7442	220	46	network	network	NOUN
easat-7442	220	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	221	1	3.3.2	3.3.2	X
easat-7442	221	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	221	3	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	221	4	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
easat-7442	221	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	221	6	online	online	ADJ
easat-7442	221	7	a	a	DET
easat-7442	221	8	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	221	9	b	b	NOUN
easat-7442	221	10	testing	test	VERB
easat-7442	221	11	3.3.2.1	3.3.2.1	NUM
easat-7442	221	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	222	1	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-7442	222	2	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	222	3	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	222	4	arm	arm	NOUN
easat-7442	222	5	slot	slot	NOUN
easat-7442	222	6	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-7442	222	7	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	222	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	222	9	mab	mab	NOUN
easat-7442	222	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	222	11	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-7442	222	12	balance	balance	NOUN
easat-7442	222	13	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	222	14	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7442	222	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	222	16	to	to	PART
easat-7442	222	17	balance	balance	VERB
easat-7442	222	18	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-7442	222	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	222	20	utilization	utilization	NOUN
easat-7442	222	21	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	222	22	mab	mab	NOUN
easat-7442	222	23	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	222	24	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	222	25	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	222	26	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	222	27	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	222	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	222	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	222	30	maximize	maximize	VERB
easat-7442	222	31	long	long	ADJ
easat-7442	222	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	222	33	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	222	34	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
easat-7442	222	35	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-7442	222	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	1	thompson	thompson	NOUN
easat-7442	223	2	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-7442	223	3	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-7442	223	4	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-7442	223	5	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	223	6	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	223	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	8	assuming	assume	VERB
easat-7442	223	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	223	10	return	return	NOUN
easat-7442	223	11	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-7442	223	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	223	13	each	each	DET
easat-7442	223	14	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	223	15	plan	plan	NOUN
easat-7442	223	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	17	arm	arm	NOUN
easat-7442	223	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	19	kθkobey	kθkobey	NOUN
easat-7442	223	20	beta	beta	ADJ
easat-7442	223	21	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	223	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	23	θk	θk	NOUN
easat-7442	223	24	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	223	25	beta(αk	beta(αk	NOUN
easat-7442	223	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	27	βk	βk	NOUN
easat-7442	223	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	29	initializationαk	initializationαk	NOUN
easat-7442	223	30	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	223	31	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	223	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	223	33	βk	βk	ADP
easat-7442	223	34	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	223	35	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	224	1	，	，	SCONJ
easat-7442	224	2	representing	represent	VERB
easat-7442	224	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	224	4	success	success	NOUN
easat-7442	224	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	224	6	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-7442	224	7	counts	count	NOUN
easat-7442	224	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	224	9	scheme	scheme	NOUN
easat-7442	224	10	k	k	PROPN
easat-7442	224	11	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-7442	224	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	225	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	225	3	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	225	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	5	th	th	X
easat-7442	225	6	round	round	NOUN
easat-7442	225	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	8	sample	sample	VERB
easat-7442	225	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	225	10	expected	expect	VERB
easat-7442	225	11	return	return	NOUN
easat-7442	225	12	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	225	13	each	each	DET
easat-7442	225	14	scheme	scheme	NOUN
easat-7442	225	15	k	k	NOUN
easat-7442	225	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	17	θ̂k	θ̂k	NOUN
easat-7442	225	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	19	t	t	NOUN
easat-7442	225	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	21	∼	∼	NOUN
easat-7442	225	22	beta(αk	beta(αk	NOUN
easat-7442	225	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	24	βk	βk	NOUN
easat-7442	225	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	26	。	。	NOUN
easat-7442	225	27	select	select	ADJ
easat-7442	225	28	actionat	actionat	NOUN
easat-7442	225	29	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	225	30	argmax	argmax	PROPN
easat-7442	225	31	k	k	PROPN
easat-7442	225	32	θ̂k	θ̂k	PROPN
easat-7442	225	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	34	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	225	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	225	36	，	，	PROPN
easat-7442	225	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	225	38	allocate	allocate	VERB
easat-7442	225	39	the	the	DET
easat-7442	225	40	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	225	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	1	posteriori	posteriori	NOUN
easat-7442	226	2	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	226	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	4	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	226	5	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	226	6	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	226	7	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	226	8	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	226	9	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	226	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	11	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	226	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	226	13	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-7442	226	14	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	226	15	meets	meet	VERB
easat-7442	226	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	226	17	standard	standard	NOUN
easat-7442	226	18	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	20	αk	αk	NOUN
easat-7442	226	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	22	βk	βk	NOUN
easat-7442	226	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	24	←	←	PROPN
easat-7442	226	25	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	27	αk	αk	NOUN
easat-7442	226	28	+	+	NOUN
easat-7442	226	29	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	226	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	31	βk	βk	NOUN
easat-7442	226	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	33	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	226	34	successful（asroi≥threshold	successful（asroi≥threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	226	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	37	αk	αk	INTJ
easat-7442	226	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	39	βk	βk	ADP
easat-7442	226	40	+	+	NOUN
easat-7442	226	41	1	1	X
easat-7442	226	42	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	43	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	226	44	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	226	45	fails	fail	VERB
easat-7442	226	46	3.3.2.2	3.3.2.2	NUM
easat-7442	226	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	48	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	226	49	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	226	50	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	226	51	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	226	52	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	226	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	54	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	226	55	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	226	56	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	226	57	online	online	ADJ
easat-7442	226	58	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	227	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	2	conditional	conditional	ADJ
easat-7442	227	3	average	average	ADJ
easat-7442	227	4	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-7442	227	5	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	227	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	7	calculation	calculation	NOUN
easat-7442	227	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	9	1	1	X
easat-7442	227	10	.	.	X
easat-7442	227	11	incremental	incremental	ADJ
easat-7442	227	12	dual	dual	ADJ
easat-7442	227	13	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-7442	227	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	227	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	16	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	227	17	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	227	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	19	train	train	VERB
easat-7442	227	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	227	21	base	base	NOUN
easat-7442	227	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	227	23	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	227	24	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	227	25	data𝒢(x)predict	data𝒢(x)predict	NOUN
easat-7442	227	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	227	27	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	227	28	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	227	29	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-7442	227	30	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	227	31	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	227	32	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	33	during	during	ADP
easat-7442	227	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	227	35	online	online	ADJ
easat-7442	227	36	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-7442	227	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	38	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	227	39	each	each	DET
easat-7442	227	40	new	new	PROPN
easat-7442	227	41	sample(xi	sample(xi	PROPN
easat-7442	227	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	43	wi	wi	PROPN
easat-7442	227	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	45	yi)calculate	yi)calculate	PROPN
easat-7442	227	46	residualỹi	residualỹi	PROPN
easat-7442	227	47	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	227	48	yi	yi	PROPN
easat-7442	227	49	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	227	50	𝒢(xi	𝒢(xi	NOUN
easat-7442	227	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	52	step	step	NOUN
easat-7442	227	53	3	3	NUM
easat-7442	227	54	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	55	update	update	VERB
easat-7442	227	56	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	227	57	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	227	58	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	227	59	weighted	weighted	ADJ
easat-7442	227	60	least	least	ADJ
easat-7442	227	61	squares	square	NOUN
easat-7442	227	62	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	63	τ(xi	τ(xi	NUM
easat-7442	227	64	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	65	=	=	VERB
easat-7442	227	66	argmin	argmin	NOUN
easat-7442	227	67	τ	τ	PROPN
easat-7442	227	68	∑	∑	PROPN
easat-7442	227	69	ωj	ωj	ADP
easat-7442	227	70	t	t	NOUN
easat-7442	227	71	j=1	j=1	NOUN
easat-7442	227	72	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	73	ỹj	ỹj	PROPN
easat-7442	227	74	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	227	75	τwj	τwj	NOUN
easat-7442	227	76	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	77	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	227	78	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	227	79	whichωj	whichωj	NOUN
easat-7442	227	80	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	81	yt−jweight	yt−jweight	NOUN
easat-7442	227	82	decay	decay	VERB
easat-7442	227	83	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	227	84	time(γ	time(γ	PROPN
easat-7442	227	85	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-7442	227	86	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	87	0,1])(γ	0,1])(γ	NUM
easat-7442	227	88	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-7442	227	89	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	90	0,1	0,1	NOUN
easat-7442	227	91	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	92	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	227	93	。	。	PROPN
easat-7442	227	94	2	2	X
easat-7442	227	95	.	.	X
easat-7442	228	1	bayesian	bayesian	ADJ
easat-7442	228	2	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	228	3	update	update	NOUN
easat-7442	228	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	228	5	τt	τt	ADP
easat-7442	228	6	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	229	1	τt−1	τt−1	PROPN
easat-7442	229	2	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	229	3	ηt(ỹt	ηt(ỹt	NOUN
easat-7442	229	4	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	229	5	wtτt−1)wt	wtτt−1)wt	NOUN
easat-7442	229	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	229	7	whichηt	whichηt	NOUN
easat-7442	229	8	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	229	9	1/(λ	1/(λ	PROPN
easat-7442	230	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	230	2	∑	∑	PROPN
easat-7442	230	3	wj	wj	PROPN
easat-7442	230	4	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	230	5	t	t	NOUN
easat-7442	230	6	j=1	j=1	NOUN
easat-7442	230	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	230	8	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	230	9	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-7442	230	10	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	230	11	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-7442	230	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	230	13	λ	λ	PROPN
easat-7442	230	14	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	230	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	230	16	regularization	regularization	NOUN
easat-7442	230	17	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	230	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	231	1	3.3.2.3	3.3.2.3	NUM
easat-7442	231	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	231	3	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7442	231	4	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	231	5	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	231	6	mab	mab	NOUN
easat-7442	231	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	231	8	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	231	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	231	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	231	11	half	half	ADJ
easat-7442	231	12	width	width	NOUN
easat-7442	231	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	231	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	231	15	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	231	16	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7442	231	17	interval	interval	NOUN
easat-7442	231	18	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	231	19	a	a	DET
easat-7442	231	20	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7442	231	21	scheme	scheme	NOUN
easat-7442	231	22	kδk	kδk	NOUN
easat-7442	231	23	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	231	24	zα/2	zα/2	NOUN
easat-7442	231	25	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	231	26	se(τk)exceeding	se(τk)exceede	VERB
easat-7442	231	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	231	28	threshold	threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	231	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	231	30	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	231	31	asδk	asδk	NOUN
easat-7442	231	32	>	>	X
easat-7442	231	33	2%)，forcefully	2%)，forcefully	ADV
easat-7442	231	34	triggering	trigger	VERB
easat-7442	231	35	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-7442	231	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	231	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	231	38	plan	plan	NOUN
easat-7442	231	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	232	1	ωk	ωk	X
easat-7442	232	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	232	3	t	t	NOUN
easat-7442	232	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	232	5	=	=	PRON
easat-7442	232	6	exp(βτ̂k	exp(βτ̂k	X
easat-7442	232	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	232	8	∑	∑	ADP
easat-7442	232	9	expk	expk	PROPN
easat-7442	232	10	j=1	j=1	PROPN
easat-7442	232	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	232	12	βτ̂j	βτ̂j	NOUN
easat-7442	232	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	232	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	232	15	whichβto	whichβto	NOUN
easat-7442	232	16	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-7442	232	17	intensity	intensity	NOUN
easat-7442	232	18	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	232	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	232	20	control	control	VERB
easat-7442	232	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	232	22	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-7442	232	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	232	24	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	232	25	towards	towards	ADP
easat-7442	232	26	high	high	ADJ
easat-7442	232	27	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	232	28	schemes	scheme	NOUN
easat-7442	232	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	233	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	233	2	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	233	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	234	1	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	234	2	setting	set	VERB
easat-7442	234	3	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	234	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	235	1	parameter	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	235	2	symbol	symbol	NOUN
easat-7442	235	3	typical	typical	ADJ
easat-7442	235	4	illustrate	illustrate	ADJ
easat-7442	235	5	attenuation	attenuation	NOUN
easat-7442	235	6	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	235	7	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	235	8	0.95	0.95	NUM
easat-7442	235	9	control	control	PROPN
easat-7442	235	10	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	235	11	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	235	12	weights	weight	VERB
easat-7442	235	13	regularization	regularization	NOUN
easat-7442	235	14	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	236	1	λ	λ	X
easat-7442	236	2	0.01	0.01	NUM
easat-7442	236	3	prevent	prevent	NOUN
easat-7442	236	4	overfitting	overfitte	VERB
easat-7442	236	5	explore	explore	NOUN
easat-7442	236	6	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	236	7	δth	δth	NOUN
easat-7442	236	8	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	236	9	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	236	10	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	236	11	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7442	236	12	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	236	13	triggers	trigger	VERB
easat-7442	236	14	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-7442	236	15	2217	2217	NUM
easat-7442	236	16	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	236	17	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	236	18	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	236	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	236	20	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	236	21	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	236	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	236	23	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	236	24	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	236	25	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	236	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	236	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	237	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	237	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	237	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	237	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	237	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	237	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	237	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	237	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	237	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	237	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	237	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	237	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	237	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	237	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	237	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	237	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	237	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	237	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	237	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	237	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	238	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	238	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	238	3	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	238	4	3.3.3	3.3.3	PROPN
easat-7442	238	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	238	6	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-7442	238	7	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	238	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	238	9	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	238	10	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	238	11	3.3.3.1	3.3.3.1	PROPN
easat-7442	238	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	238	13	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
easat-7442	238	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	238	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	238	16	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	238	17	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	238	18	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	238	19	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7442	238	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	238	21	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-7442	238	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	238	23	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	238	24	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	238	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	238	26	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
easat-7442	238	27	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	238	28	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	238	29	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	238	30	estimating	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	238	31	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	238	32	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	238	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	238	34	validate	validate	VERB
easat-7442	238	35	the	the	DET
easat-7442	238	36	reliability	reliability	NOUN
easat-7442	238	37	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	238	38	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	238	39	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	238	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	239	1	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
easat-7442	239	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	239	3	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	239	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	239	5	define	define	VERB
easat-7442	239	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	239	7	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-7442	239	8	strength	strength	NOUN
easat-7442	239	9	threshold	threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	239	10	e	e	NOUN
easat-7442	239	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	239	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	239	13	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	239	14	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	239	15	u	u	NOUN
easat-7442	239	16	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	239	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	239	18	treatment	treatment	NOUN
easat-7442	239	19	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	239	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	239	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	239	22	calculate	calculate	VERB
easat-7442	239	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	239	24	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-7442	239	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	239	26	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	239	27	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	239	28	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	239	29	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	239	30	rr	rr	PROPN
easat-7442	239	31	υ	υ	X
easat-7442	239	32	>	>	X
easat-7442	239	33	e	e	X
easat-7442	239	34	formulae	formulae	NOUN
easat-7442	239	35	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	239	36	ory|t=1,u	ory|t=1,u	NOUN
easat-7442	239	37	ory|t=0,u	ory|t=0,u	NOUN
easat-7442	239	38	，	，	PROPN
easat-7442	239	39	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	239	40	whichorfor	whichorfor	ADJ
easat-7442	239	41	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-7442	239	42	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-7442	239	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	1	generate	generate	VERB
easat-7442	240	2	a	a	DET
easat-7442	240	3	substitute	substitute	ADJ
easat-7442	240	4	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	240	5	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	240	6	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	240	7	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
easat-7442	240	8	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	240	9	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	240	10	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	240	11	a	a	DET
easat-7442	240	12	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-7442	240	13	conditional	conditional	ADJ
easat-7442	240	14	variational	variational	ADJ
easat-7442	240	15	autoencoder	autoencoder	NOUN
easat-7442	240	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	17	cvae	cvae	NOUN
easat-7442	240	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	19	iv	iv	NOUN
easat-7442	240	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	240	22	recalculate	recalculate	VERB
easat-7442	240	23	itτadj	itτadj	NOUN
easat-7442	240	24	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	240	25	e[y|t	e[y|t	PROPN
easat-7442	240	26	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	240	27	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	240	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	29	x	x	X
easat-7442	240	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	31	z	z	X
easat-7442	240	32	]	]	X
easat-7442	240	33	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	240	34	e[y|t	e[y|t	X
easat-7442	240	35	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	240	36	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	240	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	38	x	x	X
easat-7442	240	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	40	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	240	41	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	240	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	1	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-7442	241	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	241	3	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-7442	241	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	241	5	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-7442	241	6	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	241	7	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-7442	241	8	the	the	DET
easat-7442	241	9	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	241	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	241	11	cate	cate	NOUN
easat-7442	241	12	before	before	ADP
easat-7442	241	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	241	14	after	after	ADP
easat-7442	241	15	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
easat-7442	241	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	17	e.gp	e.gp	NOUN
easat-7442	241	18	=	=	X
easat-7442	241	19	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	20	q	q	NOUN
easat-7442	241	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	22	w(p	w(p	ADJ
easat-7442	241	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	24	q	q	NOUN
easat-7442	241	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	26	≤	≤	NOUN
easat-7442	241	27	ϵ	ϵ	X
easat-7442	241	28	}	}	PUNCT
easat-7442	241	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	242	1	。	。	PROPN
easat-7442	242	2	3.3.3.2	3.3.3.2	NUM
easat-7442	242	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	242	4	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-7442	242	5	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	242	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	242	7	to	to	PART
easat-7442	242	8	cope	cope	VERB
easat-7442	242	9	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	242	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	242	11	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	242	12	drift	drift	NOUN
easat-7442	242	13	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	242	14	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7442	242	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	242	16	design	design	VERB
easat-7442	242	17	anti	anti	ADJ
easat-7442	242	18	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	242	19	interference	interference	ADJ
easat-7442	242	20	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	242	21	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	242	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	242	23	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	242	24	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	242	25	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	242	26	dynamically	dynamically	ADV
easat-7442	242	27	changes	change	NOUN
easat-7442	242	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	1	wasserstein	wasserstein	NOUN
easat-7442	243	2	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	243	3	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-7442	243	4	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	243	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	6	dro	dro	PROPN
easat-7442	243	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	8	define	define	VERB
easat-7442	243	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	243	10	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
easat-7442	243	11	set	set	NOUN
easat-7442	243	12	p	p	NOUN
easat-7442	243	13	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	243	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	243	15	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN
easat-7442	243	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	243	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	243	18	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	243	19	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	243	20	p	p	X
easat-7442	243	21	:p	:p	NOUN
easat-7442	243	22	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	23	{	{	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	24	q	q	NOUN
easat-7442	243	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	26	w(p	w(p	ADJ
easat-7442	243	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	28	q	q	NOUN
easat-7442	243	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	30	≤	≤	NOUN
easat-7442	243	31	ϵ}，of	ϵ}，of	NOUN
easat-7442	243	32	whichwthe	whichwthe	PROPN
easat-7442	243	33	wasserstein	wasserstein	PROPN
easat-7442	243	34	distance.optimization	distance.optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	243	35	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7442	243	36	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	243	37	max	max	PROPN
easat-7442	243	38	θ	θ	PROPN
easat-7442	243	39	min	min	PROPN
easat-7442	243	40	q∈p	q∈p	PROPN
easat-7442	243	41	eq[r(θ)]of	eq[r(θ)]of	NUM
easat-7442	244	1	whichr(θ)budget	whichr(θ)budget	PROPN
easat-7442	244	2	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	244	3	strategyθthe	strategyθthe	DET
easat-7442	244	4	profit	profit	NOUN
easat-7442	244	5	function,∈for	function,∈for	ADP
easat-7442	244	6	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
easat-7442	244	7	radius	radius	NOUN
easat-7442	244	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	245	1	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	245	2	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	245	3	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
easat-7442	245	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	245	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	245	6	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	245	7	offsetδt	offsetδt	NOUN
easat-7442	245	8	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	245	9	w(pt	w(pt	NOUN
easat-7442	245	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	245	11	pt−1)，trigger	pt−1)，trigger	ADJ
easat-7442	245	12	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	245	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	245	14	update:ϵt	update:ϵt	PROPN
easat-7442	245	15	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	245	16	ϵt−1	ϵt−1	PROPN
easat-7442	246	1	+	+	PROPN
easat-7442	246	2	α	α	PROPN
easat-7442	246	3	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	246	4	δt	δt	NOUN
easat-7442	246	5	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	246	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	246	7	α	α	NOUN
easat-7442	246	8	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-7442	247	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	247	2	0,1])。example	0,1])。example	NOUN
easat-7442	247	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	247	4	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	247	5	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	247	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	247	7	shows	show	VERB
easat-7442	247	8	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	247	9	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-7442	247	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	247	11	6:>0.1	6:>0.1	NUM
easat-7442	247	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	247	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	247	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	247	15	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7442	247	16	set	set	VERB
easat-7442	247	17	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	247	18	automatically	automatically	ADV
easat-7442	247	19	expanded	expand	VERB
easat-7442	247	20	to	to	PART
easat-7442	247	21	cover	cover	VERB
easat-7442	247	22	more	more	ADJ
easat-7442	247	23	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	247	24	distributions	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	247	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	248	1	4	4	X
easat-7442	248	2	.	.	X
easat-7442	248	3	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-7442	248	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-7442	248	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	248	6	cross	cross	VERB
easat-7442	248	7	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	248	8	application	application	NOUN
easat-7442	248	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	248	10	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-7442	248	11	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-7442	248	12	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-7442	248	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	249	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	249	2	description	description	NOUN
easat-7442	249	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	249	4	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	249	5	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	249	6	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-7442	249	7	4.1.1	4.1.1	PROPN
easat-7442	249	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	250	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	250	2	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	250	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	250	4	preprocessing	preprocesse	VERB
easat-7442	250	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	250	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	250	7	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	250	8	this	this	DET
easat-7442	250	9	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	250	10	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	250	11	sourced	source	VERB
easat-7442	250	12	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	250	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	250	14	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	250	15	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-7442	250	16	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-7442	250	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	250	18	a	a	DET
easat-7442	250	19	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	250	20	supermarket	supermarket	NOUN
easat-7442	250	21	's	's	PART
easat-7442	250	22	sub	sub	NOUN
easat-7442	250	23	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	250	24	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	250	25	january	january	PROPN
easat-7442	250	26	2022	2022	NUM
easat-7442	250	27	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	250	28	december	december	PROPN
easat-7442	250	29	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	250	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	250	31	covering	cover	VERB
easat-7442	250	32	36	36	NUM
easat-7442	250	33	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	250	34	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	250	35	periods	period	NOUN
easat-7442	250	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	250	37	200	200	NUM
easat-7442	250	38	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	250	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	250	40	forming	form	VERB
easat-7442	250	41	a	a	DET
easat-7442	250	42	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-7442	250	43	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	250	44	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	250	45	7200	7200	NUM
easat-7442	250	46	records	record	NOUN
easat-7442	250	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	251	2	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	251	3	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	251	4	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	251	5	defined	define	VERB
easat-7442	251	6	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	251	7	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	251	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	9	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	251	10	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	251	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	12	x	x	X
easat-7442	251	13	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	14	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	251	15	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	251	16	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-7442	251	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	251	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	251	19	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	251	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	21	10000	10000	NUM
easat-7442	251	22	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	251	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	25	including	include	VERB
easat-7442	251	26	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	251	27	costs	cost	NOUN
easat-7442	251	28	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	251	29	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	251	30	advertising	advertising	NOUN
easat-7442	251	31	placement	placement	NOUN
easat-7442	251	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	251	33	discount	discount	NOUN
easat-7442	251	34	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7442	251	35	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	36	customer	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	251	37	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	251	38	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	39	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	251	40	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	41	the	the	DET
easat-7442	251	42	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	251	43	number	number	NOUN
easat-7442	251	44	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	251	45	visitors	visitor	NOUN
easat-7442	251	46	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	251	47	the	the	DET
easat-7442	251	48	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	251	49	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	50	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	251	51	thousands	thousand	NOUN
easat-7442	251	52	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	251	53	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	251	54	collected	collect	VERB
easat-7442	251	55	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	251	56	realtime	realtime	NOUN
easat-7442	251	57	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	251	58	access	access	NOUN
easat-7442	251	59	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	251	60	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-7442	251	61	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	1	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	252	2	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	252	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	4	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	252	5	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	6	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	252	7	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	252	8	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	252	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	252	11	10000	10000	NUM
easat-7442	252	12	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	252	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	15	covering	cover	VERB
easat-7442	252	16	both	both	CCONJ
easat-7442	252	17	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	252	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	252	19	non	non	ADJ
easat-7442	252	20	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	252	21	product	product	NOUN
easat-7442	252	22	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	252	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	24	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	252	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	26	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	252	27	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	28	a	a	DET
easat-7442	252	29	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	252	30	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN
easat-7442	252	31	measured	measure	VERB
easat-7442	252	32	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	252	33	quarters	quarter	NOUN
easat-7442	252	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	35	q1	q1	NOUN
easat-7442	252	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	37	q4	q4	PROPN
easat-7442	252	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	252	40	representing	represent	VERB
easat-7442	252	41	cyclical	cyclical	ADJ
easat-7442	252	42	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-7442	252	43	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	252	44	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	252	45	holidays	holiday	NOUN
easat-7442	252	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	252	47	peak	peak	NOUN
easat-7442	252	48	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-7442	252	49	seasons	season	NOUN
easat-7442	252	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	253	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	3	data	data	NOUN
easat-7442	253	4	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-7442	253	5	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-7442	253	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	8	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	253	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	10	score	score	NOUN
easat-7442	253	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	253	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	253	13	first	first	ADV
easat-7442	253	14	used	use	VERB
easat-7442	253	15	to	to	PART
easat-7442	253	16	remove	remove	VERB
easat-7442	253	17	outliers	outlier	NOUN
easat-7442	253	18	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	253	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	20	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	253	21	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	253	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	253	23	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	253	24	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	253	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	26	filtering	filter	VERB
easat-7442	253	27	out	out	ADP
easat-7442	253	28	extreme	extreme	ADJ
easat-7442	253	29	values	value	NOUN
easat-7442	253	30	outside	outside	ADP
easat-7442	253	31	±	±	NUM
easat-7442	253	32	3	3	NUM
easat-7442	253	33	σ	σ	NOUN
easat-7442	253	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	36	correcting	correct	VERB
easat-7442	253	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	38	symmetry	symmetry	NOUN
easat-7442	253	39	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	253	40	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	41	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	253	42	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	253	43	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	44	secondly	secondly	ADV
easat-7442	253	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	46	min	min	PROPN
easat-7442	253	47	max	max	PROPN
easat-7442	253	48	normalization	normalization	NOUN
easat-7442	253	49	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	253	50	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	253	51	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	253	52	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-7442	253	53	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	253	54	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	55	x	x	X
easat-7442	253	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	57	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	253	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	59	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	253	60	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	61	to	to	PART
easat-7442	253	62	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
easat-7442	253	63	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	64	interference	interference	NOUN
easat-7442	253	65	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	253	66	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
easat-7442	253	67	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	253	68	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	253	69	estimating	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	253	70	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	253	71	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	253	72	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	73	finally	finally	ADV
easat-7442	253	74	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	75	aggregate	aggregate	VERB
easat-7442	253	76	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	77	raw	raw	ADJ
easat-7442	253	78	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	253	79	according	accord	VERB
easat-7442	253	80	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	253	81	the	the	DET
easat-7442	253	82	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	83	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	253	84	quarter	quarter	NOUN
easat-7442	253	85	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	86	dimension	dimension	NOUN
easat-7442	253	87	to	to	PART
easat-7442	253	88	form	form	VERB
easat-7442	253	89	a	a	DET
easat-7442	253	90	total	total	NOUN
easat-7442	253	91	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	253	92	12	12	NUM
easat-7442	253	93	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	253	94	slices	slice	NOUN
easat-7442	253	95	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	253	96	q1	q1	PROPN
easat-7442	253	97	2022	2022	NUM
easat-7442	253	98	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	253	99	q4	q4	PROPN
easat-7442	253	100	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	253	101	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	253	102	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	253	103	construct	construct	VERB
easat-7442	253	104	a	a	DET
easat-7442	253	105	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-7442	253	106	granularity	granularity	NOUN
easat-7442	253	107	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-7442	253	108	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	253	109	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-7442	253	110	to	to	PART
easat-7442	253	111	support	support	VERB
easat-7442	253	112	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	253	113	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	253	114	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	253	115	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	253	116	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	253	117	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	253	118	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	253	119	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	253	120	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	253	121	lag	lag	NOUN
easat-7442	253	122	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	253	123	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	1	4.1.2	4.1.2	X
easat-7442	254	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	3	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	254	4	diagram	diagram	PROPN
easat-7442	254	5	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-7442	254	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	254	7	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	254	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	254	9	constructing	construct	VERB
easat-7442	254	10	a	a	DET
easat-7442	254	11	directed	direct	VERB
easat-7442	254	12	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
easat-7442	254	13	graph	graph	NOUN
easat-7442	254	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	15	dag	dag	PROPN
easat-7442	254	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	17	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	254	18	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	254	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	254	20	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	254	21	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	254	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	254	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	24	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	254	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	26	to	to	PART
easat-7442	254	27	depict	depict	VERB
easat-7442	254	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	254	29	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	254	30	logic	logic	NOUN
easat-7442	254	31	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	254	32	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	254	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	34	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7442	254	35	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	254	36	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	37	2218	2218	NUM
easat-7442	254	38	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	254	39	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	254	40	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	254	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	254	42	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	254	43	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	254	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	254	45	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	254	46	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	254	47	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	254	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	254	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	255	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	255	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	255	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	255	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	255	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	255	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	255	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	255	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	255	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	255	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	255	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	255	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	255	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	255	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	255	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	255	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	255	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	255	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	255	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	255	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	255	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	255	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	255	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	255	24	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7442	255	25	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	255	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	255	27	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	255	28	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	255	29	diagram	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	255	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	255	31	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	255	32	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	255	33	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	255	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	2	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	256	3	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	256	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	256	5	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	256	6	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	256	7	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	256	8	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	256	9	presents	present	VERB
easat-7442	256	10	a	a	DET
easat-7442	256	11	multidimensional	multidimensional	ADJ
easat-7442	256	12	transmission	transmission	NOUN
easat-7442	256	13	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7442	256	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	15	at	at	ADP
easat-7442	256	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	17	level	level	NOUN
easat-7442	256	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	256	19	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	256	20	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	256	21	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	256	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	23	x	x	X
easat-7442	256	24	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	256	25	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	256	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	28	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	256	29	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-7442	256	30	directly	directly	ADV
easat-7442	256	31	stimulates	stimulate	VERB
easat-7442	256	32	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-7442	256	33	conversion	conversion	NOUN
easat-7442	256	34	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	256	35	price	price	NOUN
easat-7442	256	36	discounts	discount	NOUN
easat-7442	256	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	38	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	256	39	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	256	40	full	full	ADJ
easat-7442	256	41	discount	discount	NOUN
easat-7442	256	42	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7442	256	43	to	to	PART
easat-7442	256	44	increase	increase	VERB
easat-7442	256	45	unit	unit	NOUN
easat-7442	256	46	price	price	NOUN
easat-7442	256	47	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	49	brand	brand	NOUN
easat-7442	256	50	exposure	exposure	NOUN
easat-7442	256	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	256	53	other	other	ADJ
easat-7442	256	54	means	mean	NOUN
easat-7442	256	55	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	56	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	57	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-7442	256	58	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	256	59	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	256	60	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	61	x	x	X
easat-7442	256	62	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	256	63	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	256	64	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	256	65	y	y	X
easat-7442	256	66	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	67	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	256	68	manifested	manifest	VERB
easat-7442	256	69	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	256	70	a	a	DET
easat-7442	256	71	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-7442	256	72	transmission	transmission	NOUN
easat-7442	256	73	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	256	74	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	256	75	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-7442	256	76	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	256	77	attracting	attract	VERB
easat-7442	256	78	15	15	NUM
easat-7442	256	79	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	256	80	new	new	ADJ
easat-7442	256	81	customer	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	256	82	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7442	256	83	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	84	m	m	NOUN
easat-7442	256	85	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	86	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	87	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	256	88	a	a	DET
easat-7442	256	89	leverage	leverage	NOUN
easat-7442	256	90	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	256	91	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	256	92	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	93	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7442	256	94	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-7442	256	95	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	256	96	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	256	97	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-7442	256	98	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	99	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	100	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	101	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	256	102	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	256	103	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	104	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	256	105	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	256	106	x	x	X
easat-7442	256	107	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	256	108	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	256	109	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	256	110	y	y	X
easat-7442	256	111	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	112	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-7442	256	113	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	114	bidirectional	bidirectional	ADJ
easat-7442	256	115	interference	interference	NOUN
easat-7442	256	116	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	256	117	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	256	118	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	256	119	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	120	z	z	X
easat-7442	256	121	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	122	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	123	q4	q4	PROPN
easat-7442	256	124	peak	peak	NOUN
easat-7442	256	125	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-7442	256	126	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	256	127	not	not	PART
easat-7442	256	128	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	256	129	triggers	trigger	VERB
easat-7442	256	130	a	a	DET
easat-7442	256	131	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	256	132	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-7442	256	133	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	256	134	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	256	135	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	256	136	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	137	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	256	138	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	139	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	140	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	256	141	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	256	142	directly	directly	ADV
easat-7442	256	143	affects	affect	VERB
easat-7442	256	144	the	the	DET
easat-7442	256	145	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	256	146	baseline	baseline	VERB
easat-7442	256	147	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	256	148	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-7442	256	149	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-7442	256	150	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	151	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	256	152	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	256	153	naturally	naturally	ADV
easat-7442	256	154	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	256	155	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	256	156	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	256	157	cold	cold	ADJ
easat-7442	256	158	drinks	drink	NOUN
easat-7442	256	159	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	256	160	summer	summer	NOUN
easat-7442	256	161	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	256	162	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	256	163	winter	winter	NOUN
easat-7442	256	164	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	256	165	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	257	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7442	257	2	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	257	3	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	257	4	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	257	5	not	not	PART
easat-7442	257	6	controlled	control	VERB
easat-7442	257	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	257	8	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	257	9	will	will	AUX
easat-7442	257	10	lead	lead	VERB
easat-7442	257	11	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	257	12	overestimation	overestimation	NOUN
easat-7442	257	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	257	14	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	257	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	257	16	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	257	17	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	257	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	258	1	4.1.3	4.1.3	X
easat-7442	258	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	258	3	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	258	4	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-7442	258	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	258	6	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-7442	258	7	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	258	8	4.1.3.1	4.1.3.1	PROPN
easat-7442	258	9	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	258	10	exogeneity	exogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	258	11	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-7442	258	12	assuming	assume	VERB
easat-7442	258	13	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	258	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	258	15	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	258	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	258	17	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	258	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	258	19	only	only	ADJ
easat-7442	258	20	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	ADJ
easat-7442	258	21	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	258	22	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	258	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	258	24	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-7442	258	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	258	26	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	258	27	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	258	28	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	258	29	location	location	NOUN
easat-7442	258	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	258	31	regional	regional	ADJ
easat-7442	258	32	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7442	258	33	level	level	NOUN
easat-7442	258	34	have	have	AUX
easat-7442	258	35	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	258	36	eliminated	eliminate	VERB
easat-7442	258	37	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	258	38	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	258	39	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-7442	258	40	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	258	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	258	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	258	43	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	258	44	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	258	45	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	258	46	controlled	control	VERB
easat-7442	258	47	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	258	48	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-7442	258	49	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-7442	258	50	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	258	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	1	4.1.3.2	4.1.3.2	X
easat-7442	259	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	3	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	259	4	logic	logic	NOUN
easat-7442	259	5	consider	consider	VERB
easat-7442	259	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	259	7	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	259	8	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	259	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	10	x	x	NOUN
easat-7442	259	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	259	13	an	an	DET
easat-7442	259	14	modifiable	modifiable	ADJ
easat-7442	259	15	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	259	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	259	17	compare	compare	VERB
easat-7442	259	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	259	19	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	259	20	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	259	21	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	259	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	259	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	24	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-7442	259	25	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	259	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	27	x	x	X
easat-7442	259	28	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	259	29	x	x	X
easat-7442	259	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	259	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	34	zero	zero	NUM
easat-7442	259	35	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	259	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	37	x=0	x=0	NUM
easat-7442	259	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	39	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	40	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	259	41	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	259	42	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	259	43	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	259	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	45	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	259	46	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	259	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	48	2219	2219	NUM
easat-7442	259	49	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	259	50	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	259	51	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	259	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	259	53	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	259	54	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	259	55	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	259	56	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	259	57	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	259	58	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	259	59	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	259	60	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	260	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	260	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	260	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	260	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	260	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	260	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	260	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	260	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	260	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	260	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	260	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	260	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	260	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	260	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	260	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	260	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	260	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	260	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	260	24	τ	τ	PROPN
easat-7442	260	25	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	260	26	y(x	y(x	PROPN
easat-7442	260	27	=	=	PROPN
easat-7442	260	28	x)−y(x=0	x)−y(x=0	PROPN
easat-7442	260	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	30	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	260	31	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	260	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	33	the	the	DET
easat-7442	260	34	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	260	35	result	result	NOUN
easat-7442	260	36	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	260	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	38	x=0	x=0	PROPN
easat-7442	260	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	260	40	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	260	41	generated	generate	VERB
easat-7442	260	42	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	260	43	simulating	simulate	VERB
easat-7442	260	44	the	the	DET
easat-7442	260	45	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-7442	260	46	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-7442	260	47	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	260	48	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	260	49	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7442	260	50	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	260	51	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	260	52	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	260	53	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	260	54	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	260	55	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7442	260	56	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	260	57	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	260	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	261	1	4.1.3.3	4.1.3.3	NUM
easat-7442	261	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	261	3	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
easat-7442	261	4	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	261	5	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-7442	261	6	passenger	passenger	NOUN
easat-7442	261	7	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	261	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	261	9	m	m	NOUN
easat-7442	261	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	261	11	serves	serve	VERB
easat-7442	261	12	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	261	13	a	a	DET
easat-7442	261	14	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	261	15	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	261	16	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	261	17	x→y	x→y	NUM
easat-7442	261	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	261	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	261	20	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	261	21	conduction	conduction	NOUN
easat-7442	261	22	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	261	23	needs	need	VERB
easat-7442	261	24	to	to	PART
easat-7442	261	25	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	261	26	examined	examine	VERB
easat-7442	261	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	2	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-7442	262	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	262	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	5	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	262	6	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	262	7	was	be	AUX
easat-7442	262	8	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	262	9	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	262	10	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	262	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	12	bootstrap	bootstrap	NOUN
easat-7442	262	13	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	262	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	262	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	17	formula	formula	NOUN
easat-7442	262	18	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	262	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	20	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	262	21	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	262	22	ratio=	ratio=	NUM
easat-7442	262	23	e[y|x	e[y|x	PROPN
easat-7442	262	24	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	262	25	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	262	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	27	m	m	VERB
easat-7442	262	28	=	=	ADJ
easat-7442	262	29	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	262	30	]	]	X
easat-7442	262	31	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	262	32	e[y|x	e[y|x	PROPN
easat-7442	262	33	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	262	34	0	0	PROPN
easat-7442	262	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	36	m	m	VERB
easat-7442	262	37	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	262	38	m0	m0	PROPN
easat-7442	262	39	]	]	X
easat-7442	262	40	e[y|x	e[y|x	PROPN
easat-7442	262	41	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	262	42	1	1	X
easat-7442	262	43	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	44	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	262	45	e[y|x	e[y|x	PROPN
easat-7442	262	46	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	47	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	262	48	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	49	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	262	50	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	262	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	262	52	mto	mto	PROPN
easat-7442	262	53	measure	measure	VERB
easat-7442	262	54	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	55	average	average	ADJ
easat-7442	262	56	passenger	passenger	NOUN
easat-7442	262	57	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	262	58	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	262	59	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	60	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	262	61	group，m0to	group，m0to	NOUN
easat-7442	262	62	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	262	63	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	64	transmission	transmission	NOUN
easat-7442	262	65	contribution	contribution	NOUN
easat-7442	262	66	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	262	67	m	m	PRON
easat-7442	262	68	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	262	69	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-7442	262	70	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	71	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	262	72	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	262	73	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	74	mediation	mediation	NOUN
easat-7442	262	75	pathway	pathway	NOUN
easat-7442	262	76	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	262	77	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	78	total	total	ADJ
easat-7442	262	79	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	262	80	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	262	81	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	82	baseline	baseline	NOUN
easat-7442	262	83	customer	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	262	84	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	262	85	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	262	86	the	the	DET
easat-7442	262	87	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	262	88	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	262	89	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	263	1	4.1.4	4.1.4	X
easat-7442	263	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	264	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	264	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	264	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	264	4	mapping	mapping	NOUN
easat-7442	264	5	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	264	6	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	264	7	3	3	NUM
easat-7442	264	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	264	9	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	264	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	264	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	264	12	mapping	mapping	NOUN
easat-7442	264	13	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	264	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	1	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	265	2	type	type	NOUN
easat-7442	265	3	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	265	4	symbol	symbol	NOUN
easat-7442	265	5	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	265	6	role	role	NOUN
easat-7442	265	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	265	8	sources	source	NOUN
easat-7442	265	9	measuring	measure	VERB
easat-7442	265	10	particle	particle	NOUN
easat-7442	265	11	size	size	NOUN
easat-7442	265	12	intervening	intervene	VERB
easat-7442	265	13	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	265	14	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	15	active	active	ADJ
easat-7442	265	16	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	265	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	265	18	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	265	19	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	265	20	reimbursement	reimbursement	NOUN
easat-7442	265	21	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	265	22	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	265	23	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	265	24	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	265	25	target	target	NOUN
easat-7442	265	26	response	response	NOUN
easat-7442	265	27	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	265	28	pos	pos	NOUN
easat-7442	265	29	transaction	transaction	NOUN
easat-7442	265	30	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	265	31	monthly	monthly	ADJ
easat-7442	265	32	intermediary	intermediary	ADJ
easat-7442	265	33	variable	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	265	34	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	265	35	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	265	36	transmission	transmission	NOUN
easat-7442	265	37	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	265	38	access	access	NOUN
easat-7442	265	39	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	265	40	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-7442	265	41	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	265	42	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	265	43	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	265	44	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-7442	265	45	confounder	confounder	NOUN
easat-7442	265	46	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	265	47	external	external	ADJ
easat-7442	265	48	interference	interference	NOUN
easat-7442	265	49	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	265	50	calendar	calendar	NOUN
easat-7442	265	51	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	265	52	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-7442	265	53	label	label	NOUN
easat-7442	265	54	note	note	NOUN
easat-7442	265	55	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	56	this	this	DET
easat-7442	265	57	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	265	58	used	use	VERB
easat-7442	265	59	the	the	DET
easat-7442	265	60	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	265	61	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	265	62	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	265	63	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	64	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	265	65	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	66	method	method	VERB
easat-7442	265	67	to	to	PART
easat-7442	265	68	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	265	69	unbiased	unbiased	ADJ
easat-7442	265	70	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	265	71	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	265	72	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	265	73	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	265	74	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	75	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	265	76	the	the	DET
easat-7442	265	77	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	265	78	set	set	VERB
easat-7442	265	79	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	265	80	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	265	81	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	265	82	yit	yit	PROPN
easat-7442	265	83	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	265	84	α	α	PROPN
easat-7442	266	1	+	+	X
easat-7442	266	2	βxit	βxit	VERB
easat-7442	266	3	+	+	NUM
easat-7442	266	4	γzt	γzt	PRON
easat-7442	266	5	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	266	6	δi	δi	PRON
easat-7442	266	7	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	266	8	ϵit	ϵit	NOUN
easat-7442	266	9	among	among	ADP
easat-7442	266	10	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	266	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	266	12	δifixed	δifixe	VERB
easat-7442	266	13	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	266	14	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	266	15	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	266	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	266	17	controlling	control	VERB
easat-7442	266	18	spatial	spatial	ADJ
easat-7442	266	19	heterogeneity;ztcapture	heterogeneity;ztcapture	NOUN
easat-7442	266	20	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	266	21	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	266	22	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	266	23	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-7442	266	24	dummy	dummy	ADJ
easat-7442	266	25	variables;ϵitit	variables;ϵitit	NOUN
easat-7442	266	26	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	266	27	a	a	DET
easat-7442	266	28	random	random	ADJ
easat-7442	266	29	error	error	NOUN
easat-7442	266	30	term	term	NOUN
easat-7442	266	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	267	1	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	267	2	comparing	compare	VERB
easat-7442	267	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	267	4	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	267	5	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	267	6	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	267	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	267	8	treatment	treatment	NOUN
easat-7442	267	9	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	267	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	267	11	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-7442	267	12	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	267	13	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	267	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	267	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	267	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	267	17	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	267	18	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	267	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	267	20	non	non	X
easat-7442	267	21	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	267	22	stores	store	NOUN
easat-7442	267	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	267	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	267	25	we	we	PRON
easat-7442	267	26	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	267	27	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
easat-7442	267	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	267	29	interference	interference	NOUN
easat-7442	267	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	267	31	seasons	season	NOUN
easat-7442	267	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	267	33	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	267	34	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-7442	267	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	267	36	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-7442	267	37	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	267	38	the	the	DET
easat-7442	267	39	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	267	40	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	267	41	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	267	42	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	267	43	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	267	44	budgets	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	267	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
easat-7442	268	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	3	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	268	4	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	268	5	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	268	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	268	7	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	268	8	simulation	simulation	NOUN
easat-7442	268	9	4.2.1	4.2.1	NUM
easat-7442	268	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	11	double	double	ADJ
easat-7442	268	12	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	268	13	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	268	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	15	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	268	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	17	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	268	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	268	19	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	268	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	268	21	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	268	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	23	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	268	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	25	method	method	VERB
easat-7442	268	26	to	to	PART
easat-7442	268	27	separate	separate	VERB
easat-7442	268	28	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	268	29	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	268	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	268	31	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	268	32	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	268	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	268	34	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	268	35	the	the	DET
easat-7442	268	36	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	268	37	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	268	38	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	268	39	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	268	40	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	268	41	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	268	42	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	268	43	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	268	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	269	1	4.2.1.1	4.2.1.1	X
easat-7442	269	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	269	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	269	4	setting	set	VERB
easat-7442	269	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	269	6	panel	panel	NOUN
easat-7442	269	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	269	8	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	269	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	269	10	constructed	construct	VERB
easat-7442	269	11	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	269	12	follows	follow	VERB
easat-7442	269	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	1	yit	yit	PROPN
easat-7442	270	2	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	270	3	α	α	PROPN
easat-7442	270	4	+	+	X
easat-7442	270	5	β	β	X
easat-7442	270	6	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	270	7	treati	treati	PROPN
easat-7442	270	8	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	270	9	postt	postt	PROPN
easat-7442	270	10	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	270	11	γ	γ	PROPN
easat-7442	270	12	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	270	13	treati	treati	PROPN
easat-7442	270	14	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	270	15	δ	δ	PROPN
easat-7442	270	16	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	270	17	postt	postt	NOUN
easat-7442	270	18	+	+	PROPN
easat-7442	270	19	λ	λ	PROPN
easat-7442	270	20	⋅	⋅	PROPN
easat-7442	270	21	zt	zt	PROPN
easat-7442	270	22	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	270	23	ϵit	ϵit	VERB
easat-7442	270	24	yit：the	yit：the	DET
easat-7442	270	25	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	270	26	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	270	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	270	28	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	270	29	i	i	PRON
easat-7442	270	30	during	during	ADP
easat-7442	270	31	period	period	NOUN
easat-7442	270	32	t	t	PROPN
easat-7442	270	33	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	34	treati：is	treati：is	VERB
easat-7442	270	35	the	the	DET
easat-7442	270	36	store	store	NOUN
easat-7442	270	37	a	a	DET
easat-7442	270	38	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-7442	270	39	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	270	40	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	41	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-7442	270	42	promotions	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	270	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	44	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	270	45	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	270	46	yes	yes	INTJ
easat-7442	270	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	48	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	270	49	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	270	50	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	270	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	52	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	53	postt	postt	NOUN
easat-7442	270	54	：	：	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	55	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-7442	270	56	the	the	DET
easat-7442	270	57	period	period	NOUN
easat-7442	270	58	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	270	59	the	the	DET
easat-7442	270	60	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	270	61	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-7442	270	62	period	period	NOUN
easat-7442	270	63	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	64	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	270	65	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	270	66	yes	yes	INTJ
easat-7442	270	67	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	68	0	0	NUM
easat-7442	270	69	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	270	70	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	270	71	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	72	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	73	zt：quarterly	zt：quarterly	ADV
easat-7442	270	74	fixed	fix	VERB
easat-7442	270	75	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	270	76	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	77	controlling	control	VERB
easat-7442	270	78	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	270	79	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
easat-7442	270	80	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	81	β	β	X
easat-7442	270	82	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	83	double	double	ADJ
easat-7442	270	84	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	270	85	estimator	estimator	NOUN
easat-7442	270	86	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	270	87	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	270	88	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	270	89	the	the	DET
easat-7442	270	90	net	net	ADJ
easat-7442	270	91	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	270	92	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	270	93	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	270	94	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	270	95	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	270	96	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	271	1	2220	2220	NUM
easat-7442	271	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	271	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	271	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	271	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	271	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	271	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	271	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	271	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	271	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	271	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	271	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	271	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	272	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	272	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	272	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	272	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	272	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	272	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	272	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	272	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	272	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	272	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	272	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	272	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	272	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	272	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	272	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	272	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	272	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	272	23	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-7442	272	24	4.2.1.2	4.2.1.2	PROPN
easat-7442	272	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	26	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-7442	272	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	272	28	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-7442	272	29	parallel	parallel	ADJ
easat-7442	272	30	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	272	31	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-7442	272	32	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	272	33	the	the	DET
easat-7442	272	34	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	272	35	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	272	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	272	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	272	38	treatment	treatment	NOUN
easat-7442	272	39	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	272	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	272	41	the	the	DET
easat-7442	272	42	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	272	43	group	group	NOUN
easat-7442	272	44	before	before	SCONJ
easat-7442	272	45	the	the	DET
easat-7442	272	46	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	272	47	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	272	48	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-7442	272	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	273	1	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	273	2	drawing	draw	VERB
easat-7442	273	3	a	a	DET
easat-7442	273	4	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	273	5	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	273	6	chart	chart	NOUN
easat-7442	273	7	before	before	ADV
easat-7442	273	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	273	9	after	after	ADP
easat-7442	273	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	11	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	273	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	273	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	14	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	273	15	show	show	VERB
easat-7442	273	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	17	parallelism	parallelism	NOUN
easat-7442	273	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	273	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	20	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	273	21	lines	line	NOUN
easat-7442	273	22	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	273	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	24	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	273	25	groups	group	NOUN
easat-7442	273	26	before	before	ADP
easat-7442	273	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	28	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	273	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	273	30	t<2023q1)r2	t<2023q1)r2	NOUN
easat-7442	273	31	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	273	32	0.92，satisfy	0.92，satisfy	ADJ
easat-7442	273	33	the	the	DET
easat-7442	273	34	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
easat-7442	273	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	1	result	result	PROPN
easat-7442	274	2	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
easat-7442	274	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	4	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-7442	274	5	results	result	VERB
easat-7442	274	6	showβ	showβ	ADV
easat-7442	274	7	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	274	8	0.18	0.18	NUM
easat-7442	274	9	 	 	SPACE
easat-7442	274	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	11	p	p	X
easat-7442	274	12	<	<	X
easat-7442	274	13	0.01)，the	0.01)，the	DET
easat-7442	274	14	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	274	15	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	274	16	resulted	result	VERB
easat-7442	274	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	274	18	an	an	DET
easat-7442	274	19	average	average	ADJ
easat-7442	274	20	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-7442	274	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	274	22	18	18	NUM
easat-7442	274	23	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	274	24	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	274	25	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	274	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	27	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7442	274	28	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	274	29	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	274	30	the	the	DET
easat-7442	274	31	estimated	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	274	32	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	274	33	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	274	34	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	274	35	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	274	36	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	274	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	38	12	12	NUM
easat-7442	274	39	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	274	40	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	274	42	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	274	43	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	274	44	ignoring	ignore	VERB
easat-7442	274	45	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	274	46	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	274	47	would	would	AUX
easat-7442	274	48	underestimate	underestimate	VERB
easat-7442	274	49	the	the	DET
easat-7442	274	50	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-7442	274	51	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	274	52	promotions	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	274	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	275	1	4.2.2	4.2.2	X
easat-7442	275	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	275	3	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	275	4	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	275	5	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-7442	275	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	275	7	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-7442	275	8	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	275	9	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	275	10	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	275	11	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	275	12	generative	generative	ADJ
easat-7442	275	13	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-7442	275	14	network	network	NOUN
easat-7442	275	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	275	16	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	275	17	gan	gan	NOUN
easat-7442	275	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	275	19	*	*	PUNCT
easat-7442	275	20	*	*	PUNCT
easat-7442	275	21	to	to	PART
easat-7442	275	22	simulate	simulate	VERB
easat-7442	275	23	unexecuted	unexecuted	ADJ
easat-7442	275	24	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	275	25	plans	plan	NOUN
easat-7442	275	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	275	27	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	275	28	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	275	29	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	275	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	275	31	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	275	32	maximize	maximize	VERB
easat-7442	275	33	profits	profit	NOUN
easat-7442	275	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	1	4.2.2.1	4.2.2.1	NUM
easat-7442	276	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	276	4	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-7442	276	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	276	6	training	training	NOUN
easat-7442	276	7	generator	generator	NOUN
easat-7442	276	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	9	g	g	NOUN
easat-7442	276	10	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	11	input	input	NOUN
easat-7442	276	12	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	276	13	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	276	14	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	276	15	x	x	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	276	17	random	random	ADJ
easat-7442	276	18	noise	noise	NOUN
easat-7442	276	19	z	z	PROPN
easat-7442	276	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	21	output	output	ADJ
easat-7442	276	22	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	276	23	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	276	24	x	x	X
easat-7442	276	25	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	27	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
easat-7442	276	28	x'=x	x'=x	PROPN
easat-7442	276	29	±	±	NUM
easat-7442	276	30	δ	δ	PROPN
easat-7442	276	31	x	x	PROPN
easat-7442	276	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	276	33	δ	δ	PROPN
easat-7442	276	34	x	x	SYM
easat-7442	276	35	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-7442	277	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	277	2	-20%,+20	-20%,+20	X
easat-7442	277	3	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	277	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	7	discriminator	discriminator	NOUN
easat-7442	277	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	9	d	d	NOUN
easat-7442	277	10	):	):	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	11	distinguish	distinguish	ADJ
easat-7442	277	12	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	277	13	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	277	14	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	277	15	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7442	277	16	y	y	PROPN
easat-7442	277	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	277	18	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	277	19	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	277	20	revenuey′	revenuey′	X
easat-7442	277	21	=	=	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	22	𝒢(x′	𝒢(x′	X
easat-7442	277	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	24	；	；	NOUN
easat-7442	277	25	training	training	NOUN
easat-7442	277	26	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7442	277	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	28	to	to	PART
easat-7442	277	29	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	277	30	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	277	31	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-7442	277	32	trainingy′obey	trainingy′obey	ADP
easat-7442	277	33	the	the	DET
easat-7442	277	34	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	277	35	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	277	36	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	277	37	outcomesp(y|do(x	outcomesp(y|do(x	NOUN
easat-7442	277	38	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	277	39	x′))，the	x′))，the	PRON
easat-7442	277	40	loss	loss	NOUN
easat-7442	277	41	function	function	NOUN
easat-7442	277	42	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	277	43	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	44	min	min	PROPN
easat-7442	277	45	c	c	PROPN
easat-7442	277	46	max	max	PROPN
easat-7442	277	47	d	d	PROPN
easat-7442	277	48	𝔼x	𝔼x	PROPN
easat-7442	277	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	277	50	y∼pdata	y∼pdata	PROPN
easat-7442	278	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	278	2	logd(x	logd(x	X
easat-7442	278	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	278	4	y	y	NOUN
easat-7442	278	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	278	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	1	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	279	2	𝔼x′,z∼px′,z	𝔼x′,z∼px′,z	PROPN
easat-7442	279	3	[	[	X
easat-7442	279	4	log	log	NOUN
easat-7442	279	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	6	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	279	7	−	−	PROPN
easat-7442	279	8	d(x′	d(x′	PROPN
easat-7442	279	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	10	g(x′	g(x′	NOUN
easat-7442	279	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	12	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	279	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	279	16	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	280	1	4.2.2.2	4.2.2.2	X
easat-7442	280	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	280	3	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	280	4	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	280	5	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-7442	280	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	280	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	280	8	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	280	9	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	280	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	280	11	trained	train	VERB
easat-7442	280	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	280	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	280	14	generate	generate	VERB
easat-7442	280	15	500	500	NUM
easat-7442	280	16	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	280	17	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	280	18	proposals	proposal	NOUN
easat-7442	280	19	covering	cover	VERB
easat-7442	280	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	280	21	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	280	22	range	range	NOUN
easat-7442	280	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	280	24	300000	300000	NUM
easat-7442	280	25	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	280	26	800000	800000	NUM
easat-7442	280	27	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	280	28	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	280	29	month	month	NOUN
easat-7442	280	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	281	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	281	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	281	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	281	4	some	some	DET
easat-7442	281	5	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	281	6	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	281	7	shown	show	VERB
easat-7442	281	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	281	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	281	10	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	281	11	below	below	ADV
easat-7442	281	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	281	13	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	281	14	4	4	NUM
easat-7442	281	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	281	16	partial	partial	ADJ
easat-7442	281	17	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	281	18	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	281	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	282	1	method	method	ADJ
easat-7442	282	2	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	282	3	estimation	estimation	NOUN
easat-7442	282	4	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	282	5	95	95	NUM
easat-7442	282	6	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	282	7	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7442	282	8	interval	interval	NOUN
easat-7442	282	9	key	key	NOUN
easat-7442	282	10	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
easat-7442	282	11	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-7442	282	12	double	double	ADJ
easat-7442	282	13	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	282	14	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	282	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	282	16	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	282	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	282	18	+18	+18	ADJ
easat-7442	282	19	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	283	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	283	2	+15%,+21	+15%,+21	ADJ
easat-7442	283	3	%	%	X
easat-7442	283	4	]	]	X
easat-7442	283	5	parallel	parallel	ADJ
easat-7442	283	6	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-7442	283	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	283	8	no	no	DET
easat-7442	283	9	interference	interference	NOUN
easat-7442	283	10	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	283	11	no	no	DET
easat-7442	283	12	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	283	13	dependency	dependency	NOUN
easat-7442	283	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	283	15	suitable	suitable	ADJ
easat-7442	283	16	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	283	17	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7442	283	18	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-7442	283	19	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	283	20	gan	gan	NOUN
easat-7442	283	21	+22	+22	NOUN
easat-7442	283	22	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	284	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	284	2	+19%,+25	+19%,+25	ADJ
easat-7442	284	3	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	284	4	]	]	X
easat-7442	284	5	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	284	6	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	284	7	distribution	distribution	NOUN
easat-7442	284	8	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	284	9	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	284	10	learned	learn	VERB
easat-7442	284	11	support	support	NOUN
easat-7442	284	12	expansion	expansion	NOUN
easat-7442	284	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	284	14	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	284	15	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	284	16	note	note	VERB
easat-7442	284	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	284	18	gan	gan	PROPN
easat-7442	284	19	estimates	estimate	NOUN
easat-7442	284	20	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	284	21	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	284	22	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	284	23	did	do	VERB
easat-7442	284	24	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7442	284	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	284	26	former	former	NOUN
easat-7442	284	27	includes	include	VERB
easat-7442	284	28	non	non	ADJ
easat-7442	284	29	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	284	30	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-7442	284	31	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	284	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	284	33	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	284	34	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	284	35	explosive	explosive	ADJ
easat-7442	284	36	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-7442	284	37	after	after	SCONJ
easat-7442	284	38	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	284	39	exceeds	exceed	VERB
easat-7442	284	40	a	a	DET
easat-7442	284	41	threshold	threshold	NOUN
easat-7442	284	42	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	284	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	284	44	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7442	284	45	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	284	46	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	284	47	captures	capture	NOUN
easat-7442	284	48	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-7442	284	49	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-7442	284	50	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	284	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	285	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	285	2	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	285	3	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	285	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	285	5	two	two	NUM
easat-7442	285	6	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	285	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	285	8	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	285	9	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7442	285	10	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	285	11	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	285	12	mine	mine	VERB
easat-7442	285	13	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-7442	285	14	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	285	15	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	285	16	that	that	PRON
easat-7442	285	17	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	285	18	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-7442	285	19	to	to	PART
easat-7442	285	20	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	285	21	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	285	22	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	285	23	econometric	econometric	ADJ
easat-7442	285	24	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	285	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	286	1	2221	2221	NUM
easat-7442	286	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	286	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	286	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	286	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	286	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	286	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	286	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	286	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	286	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	286	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	286	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	286	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	287	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	287	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	287	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	287	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	287	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	287	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	287	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	287	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	287	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	287	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	287	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	287	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	287	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	287	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	287	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	287	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	287	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	287	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	287	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	287	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	287	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	287	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	287	24	4.2.3	4.2.3	PROPN
easat-7442	287	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	288	1	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-7442	288	2	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	288	3	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	288	4	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	288	5	4.2.3.1	4.2.3.1	NUM
easat-7442	288	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	288	7	core	core	ADJ
easat-7442	288	8	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	288	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	288	10	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	288	11	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7442	288	12	vs.	vs.	ADP
easat-7442	288	13	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	288	14	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7442	288	15	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	288	16	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	288	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	289	1	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	289	2	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	289	3	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	289	4	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	289	5	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	289	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	289	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	289	8	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	289	9	a1	a1	NOUN
easat-7442	289	10	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	289	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	1	dimension	dimension	NOUN
easat-7442	290	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	290	3	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	290	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	290	5	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	290	6	a1	a1	NOUN
easat-7442	290	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	290	8	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-7442	290	9	basis	basis	NOUN
easat-7442	290	10	linear	linear	PROPN
easat-7442	290	11	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-7442	290	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	13	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	290	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	16	assuming	assume	VERB
easat-7442	290	17	'	'	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	18	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	19	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	290	20	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	290	21	'	'	PART
easat-7442	290	22	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	290	23	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	290	24	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	290	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	26	scm	scm	PROPN
easat-7442	290	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	29	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	290	30	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	290	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	32	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB
easat-7442	290	33	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	290	34	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	290	35	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	36	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	290	37	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-7442	290	38	ignore	ignore	VERB
easat-7442	290	39	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	290	40	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	290	41	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	42	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	290	43	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	290	44	season	season	NOUN
easat-7442	290	45	z	z	NOUN
easat-7442	290	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	47	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	290	48	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	290	49	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	290	50	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	51	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	290	52	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	290	53	passenger	passenger	NOUN
easat-7442	290	54	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7442	290	55	m	m	PRON
easat-7442	290	56	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	57	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-7442	290	58	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	290	59	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	290	60	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	290	61	dag	dag	PROPN
easat-7442	290	62	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	63	controlling	control	VERB
easat-7442	290	64	the	the	DET
easat-7442	290	65	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	290	66	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	290	67	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	290	68	b	b	NOUN
easat-7442	290	69	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	290	70	quantifying	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	290	71	m	m	PROPN
easat-7442	290	72	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	290	73	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	74	logic	logic	NOUN
easat-7442	290	75	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	290	76	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	290	77	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	290	78	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	290	79	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	80	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	81	static	static	ADJ
easat-7442	290	82	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	83	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	84	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	290	85	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	290	86	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	87	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	290	88	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	290	89	α+β	α+β	NUM
easat-7442	290	90	x	x	SYM
easat-7442	290	91	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	290	92	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	93	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	94	dynamically	dynamically	ADV
easat-7442	290	95	simulate	simulate	VERB
easat-7442	290	96	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	290	97	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	290	98	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	290	99	optimize	optimize	VERB
easat-7442	290	100	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	290	101	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	290	102	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	290	103	effect	effect	VERB
easat-7442	290	104	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-7442	290	105	relying	rely	VERB
easat-7442	290	106	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	290	107	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	290	108	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	290	109	fitting	fitting	ADJ
easat-7442	290	110	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	290	111	unable	unable	ADJ
easat-7442	290	112	to	to	PART
easat-7442	290	113	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	290	114	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	290	115	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	290	116	estimating	estimate	VERB
easat-7442	290	117	net	net	ADJ
easat-7442	290	118	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	290	119	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	290	120	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	290	121	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	290	122	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	290	123	generating	generate	VERB
easat-7442	290	124	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	290	125	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	290	126	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	290	127	gan	gan	PROPN
easat-7442	290	128	4.2.3.2	4.2.3.2	PROPN
easat-7442	290	129	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	291	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-7442	291	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-7442	291	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	291	4	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	291	5	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	291	6	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	291	7	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	291	8	4.2.3.2.1	4.2.3.2.1	VERB
easat-7442	291	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	292	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	292	2	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-7442	292	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	292	4	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	292	5	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	292	6	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	292	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	292	8	setting	setting	NOUN
easat-7442	292	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	292	10	roit	roit	NOUN
easat-7442	292	11	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	292	12	γ	γ	X
easat-7442	292	13	+	+	PROPN
easat-7442	292	14	δ	δ	PROPN
easat-7442	292	15	⋅	⋅	ADJ
easat-7442	292	16	budgett	budgett	NOUN
easat-7442	292	17	+	+	CCONJ
easat-7442	292	18	ϵt	ϵt	ADP
easat-7442	292	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	292	20	regression	regression	NOUN
easat-7442	292	21	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	292	22	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	292	23	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	292	24	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7442	292	25	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	292	26	shows	show	VERB
easat-7442	292	27	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	292	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	292	29	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
easat-7442	292	30	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	292	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	292	32	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	292	33	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	292	34	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	292	35	0.12	0.12	NUM
easat-7442	292	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	292	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	292	38	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	292	39	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	292	40	this	this	PRON
easat-7442	292	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	292	42	the	the	DET
easat-7442	292	43	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-7442	292	44	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	292	45	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	292	46	600000	600000	NUM
easat-7442	292	47	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	292	48	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	292	49	month	month	NOUN
easat-7442	292	50	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	292	51	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	292	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	293	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7442	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	293	3	there	there	PRON
easat-7442	293	4	are	be	VERB
easat-7442	293	5	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7442	293	6	biases	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	293	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	293	8	this	this	DET
easat-7442	293	9	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-7442	293	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	293	11	firstly	firstly	ADV
easat-7442	293	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	293	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	293	14	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	ADJ
easat-7442	293	15	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	293	16	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	293	17	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7442	293	18	lead	lead	VERB
easat-7442	293	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	293	20	an	an	DET
easat-7442	293	21	overestimation	overestimation	NOUN
easat-7442	293	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	293	23	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	293	24	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	293	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	294	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	294	2	example	example	NOUN
easat-7442	294	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	294	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	294	5	q4	q4	PROPN
easat-7442	294	6	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7442	294	7	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	294	8	was	be	AUX
easat-7442	294	9	falsely	falsely	ADV
easat-7442	294	10	high	high	ADJ
easat-7442	294	11	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	294	12	8.9	8.9	NUM
easat-7442	294	13	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	294	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	294	15	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	294	16	was	be	AUX
easat-7442	294	17	actually	actually	ADV
easat-7442	294	18	due	due	ADJ
easat-7442	294	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	294	20	a	a	DET
easat-7442	294	21	surge	surge	NOUN
easat-7442	294	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	294	23	holiday	holiday	NOUN
easat-7442	294	24	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-7442	294	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	1	after	after	ADP
easat-7442	295	2	removing	remove	VERB
easat-7442	295	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	4	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	295	5	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	295	6	using	use	VERB
easat-7442	295	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	8	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	295	9	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	295	10	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	295	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	295	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	14	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	295	15	elasticity	elasticity	NOUN
easat-7442	295	16	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
easat-7442	295	17	decreased	decrease	VERB
easat-7442	295	18	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	295	19	0.08	0.08	NUM
easat-7442	295	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	21	secondly	secondly	ADV
easat-7442	295	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	23	neglecting	neglect	VERB
easat-7442	295	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	25	mediating	mediate	VERB
easat-7442	295	26	role	role	NOUN
easat-7442	295	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	295	28	foot	foot	NOUN
easat-7442	295	29	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7442	295	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	31	m	m	NOUN
easat-7442	295	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	33	leads	lead	VERB
easat-7442	295	34	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	295	35	an	an	DET
easat-7442	295	36	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
easat-7442	295	37	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	295	38	transmission	transmission	NOUN
easat-7442	295	39	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	295	40	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	295	41	equation	equation	NOUN
easat-7442	295	42	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	295	43	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	44	sem	sem	NOUN
easat-7442	295	45	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	46	reveals	reveal	VERB
easat-7442	295	47	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	295	48	55	55	NUM
easat-7442	295	49	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	295	50	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	295	51	promotional	promotional	ADJ
easat-7442	295	52	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	295	53	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	295	54	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	295	55	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	295	56	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	57	indirect	indirect	ADJ
easat-7442	295	58	path	path	NOUN
easat-7442	295	59	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	295	60	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	61	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	295	62	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-7442	295	63	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	295	64	foot	foot	NOUN
easat-7442	295	65	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7442	295	66	growth	growth	NOUN
easat-7442	295	67	→	→	SYM
easat-7442	295	68	sales	sale	NOUN
easat-7442	295	69	increase	increase	NOUN
easat-7442	295	70	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	71	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	72	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	295	73	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	74	original	original	ADJ
easat-7442	295	75	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	295	76	incorrectly	incorrectly	ADV
easat-7442	295	77	attributes	attribute	VERB
easat-7442	295	78	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	79	total	total	ADJ
easat-7442	295	80	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	295	81	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	295	82	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	83	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-7442	295	84	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	295	85	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	295	86	masking	mask	VERB
easat-7442	295	87	the	the	DET
easat-7442	295	88	key	key	ADJ
easat-7442	295	89	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	295	90	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	295	91	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7442	295	92	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-7442	295	93	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	296	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7442	296	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	296	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	296	4	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	296	5	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	296	6	lacking	lack	VERB
easat-7442	296	7	a	a	DET
easat-7442	296	8	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	296	9	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-7442	296	10	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	296	11	may	may	AUX
easat-7442	296	12	lead	lead	VERB
easat-7442	296	13	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	296	14	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-7442	296	15	misallocation	misallocation	NOUN
easat-7442	296	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	296	17	misjudgment	misjudgment	NOUN
easat-7442	296	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	296	19	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-7442	296	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	297	1	4.2.3.2.2	4.2.3.2.2	X
easat-7442	297	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	298	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	298	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	298	3	capability	capability	NOUN
easat-7442	298	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	298	5	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	298	6	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	298	7	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	298	8	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	298	9	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	298	10	correction	correction	NOUN
easat-7442	298	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	298	12	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	298	13	removing	remove	VERB
easat-7442	298	14	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	298	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	298	16	store	store	VERB
easat-7442	298	17	heterogeneity	heterogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	298	18	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	298	19	did	do	AUX
easat-7442	298	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	298	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	298	22	net	net	ADJ
easat-7442	298	23	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	298	24	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	298	25	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	298	26	0.18	0.18	NUM
easat-7442	298	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	298	28	50	50	NUM
easat-7442	298	29	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	298	30	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	298	31	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	298	32	the	the	DET
easat-7442	298	33	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	298	34	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	298	35	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	298	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	298	37	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-7442	298	38	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	298	39	the	the	DET
easat-7442	298	40	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	298	41	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	298	42	underestimates	underestimate	VERB
easat-7442	298	43	the	the	DET
easat-7442	298	44	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	298	45	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	298	46	due	due	ADP
easat-7442	298	47	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	298	48	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	298	49	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	298	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	1	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	299	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	299	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	4	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	299	5	gan	gan	PROPN
easat-7442	299	6	simulation	simulation	PROPN
easat-7442	299	7	shows	show	VERB
easat-7442	299	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	299	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7442	299	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	299	11	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	299	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	299	13	550000	550000	NUM
easat-7442	299	14	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	299	15	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	299	16	month	month	NOUN
easat-7442	299	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	299	19	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	299	20	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	299	21	reaches	reach	VERB
easat-7442	299	22	a	a	DET
easat-7442	299	23	peak	peak	NOUN
easat-7442	299	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	299	25	5.8	5.8	NUM
easat-7442	299	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	27	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	299	28	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	299	29	20.8	20.8	NUM
easat-7442	299	30	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	299	31	higher	high	ADJ
easat-7442	299	32	than	than	ADP
easat-7442	299	33	the	the	DET
easat-7442	299	34	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	299	35	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	299	36	's	's	PART
easat-7442	299	37	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7442	299	38	600000	600000	NUM
easat-7442	299	39	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	40	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	299	41	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	299	42	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	43	roi=4.8	roi=4.8	NOUN
easat-7442	299	44	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	299	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	300	1	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	300	2	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-7442	300	3	quantification	quantification	NOUN
easat-7442	300	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	300	5	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	300	6	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-7442	300	7	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-7442	300	8	=	=	SYM
easat-7442	300	9	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	300	10	ab	ab	PROPN
easat-7442	300	11	model	model	PROPN
easat-7442	300	12	roi	roi	PROPN
easat-7442	300	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	300	14	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	300	15	×	×	NOUN
easat-7442	300	16	100	100	NUM
easat-7442	300	17	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	300	18	=	=	NOUN
easat-7442	300	19	5.8	5.8	NUM
easat-7442	300	20	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-7442	301	1	≈	≈	PROPN
easat-7442	301	2	20.8	20.8	NUM
easat-7442	301	3	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	301	4	after	after	ADP
easat-7442	301	5	considering	consider	VERB
easat-7442	301	6	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-7442	301	7	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	301	8	correction	correction	NOUN
easat-7442	301	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	301	10	the	the	DET
easat-7442	301	11	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-7442	301	12	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	301	13	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	301	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	301	15	increased	increase	VERB
easat-7442	301	16	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	301	17	18.7	18.7	NUM
easat-7442	301	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	301	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	302	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-7442	302	2	6	6	NUM
easat-7442	302	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	302	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-7442	302	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	302	6	key	key	ADJ
easat-7442	302	7	indicators	indicator	NOUN
easat-7442	302	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	303	1	index	index	NOUN
easat-7442	303	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	303	3	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	303	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	303	5	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	303	6	al	al	PROPN
easat-7442	303	7	model	model	PROPN
easat-7442	303	8	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	303	9	amplitude	amplitude	NOUN
easat-7442	303	10	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	303	11	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	303	12	error	error	NOUN
easat-7442	303	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	303	14	10000	10000	NUM
easat-7442	303	15	yuan	yuan	NOUN
easat-7442	303	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	303	17	±10.2	±10.2	PROPN
easat-7442	304	1	±3.5	±3.5	PROPN
easat-7442	304	2	reduce65.7	reduce65.7	NOUN
easat-7442	304	3	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	304	4	mean	mean	VERB
easat-7442	304	5	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	305	1	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-7442	305	2	5.8	5.8	NUM
easat-7442	305	3	improve20.8	improve20.8	NOUN
easat-7442	305	4	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	5	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	305	6	utilization	utilization	NOUN
easat-7442	305	7	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-7442	305	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	305	9	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-7442	305	10	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	305	11	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	305	12	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-7442	305	13	maximum	maximum	NOUN
easat-7442	305	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	305	15	72	72	NUM
easat-7442	305	16	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	17	89	89	NUM
easat-7442	305	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	19	improve23.6	improve23.6	ADJ
easat-7442	305	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	21	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
easat-7442	305	22	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	305	23	misjudgment	misjudgment	NOUN
easat-7442	305	24	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-7442	305	25	45	45	NUM
easat-7442	305	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	27	8	8	NUM
easat-7442	305	28	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	29	reduce82.2	reduce82.2	ADJ
easat-7442	305	30	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	305	31	2222	2222	NUM
easat-7442	305	32	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	305	33	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	305	34	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	305	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	305	36	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	305	37	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	305	38	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	305	39	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	305	40	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	305	41	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	305	42	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	305	43	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	306	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	306	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	306	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	306	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	306	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	306	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	306	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	306	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	306	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	306	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	306	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	306	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	306	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	306	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	306	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	306	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	306	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	306	23	gate	gate	VERB
easat-7442	306	24	the	the	DET
easat-7442	306	25	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	306	26	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	306	27	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	306	28	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	306	29	limited	limit	VERB
easat-7442	306	30	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	306	31	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	306	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	306	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	306	34	has	have	VERB
easat-7442	306	35	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-7442	306	36	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	306	37	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	306	38	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-7442	306	39	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	306	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	41	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	306	42	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	306	43	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-7442	306	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	45	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	306	46	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	306	47	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	306	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	306	49	resulting	result	VERB
easat-7442	306	50	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	306	51	low	low	ADJ
easat-7442	306	52	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	306	53	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	306	54	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	306	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	307	2	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	307	3	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	307	4	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	307	5	achieves	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	307	6	a	a	DET
easat-7442	307	7	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-7442	307	8	upgrade	upgrade	VERB
easat-7442	307	9	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	307	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	11	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	307	12	fitting	fitting	ADJ
easat-7442	307	13	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	14	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	307	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	16	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	307	17	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	307	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	19	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	307	20	a	a	DET
easat-7442	307	21	complete	complete	ADJ
easat-7442	307	22	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	307	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	307	24	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	307	25	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	307	26	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-7442	307	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	28	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	307	29	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	307	30	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-7442	307	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	307	33	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	307	34	simulation	simulation	NOUN
easat-7442	307	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	307	36	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	307	37	improves	improve	VERB
easat-7442	307	38	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	307	39	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	307	40	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	307	41	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	307	42	18.7	18.7	NUM
easat-7442	307	43	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	307	44	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	307	45	the	the	DET
easat-7442	307	46	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	307	47	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	307	48	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-7442	307	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	308	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	308	2	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	308	3	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-7442	308	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	308	5	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	308	6	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	308	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	308	8	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	308	9	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-7442	308	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	308	11	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	308	12	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	308	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	308	14	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	308	15	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	308	16	revealing	reveal	VERB
easat-7442	308	17	the	the	DET
easat-7442	308	18	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	308	19	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	308	20	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-7442	308	21	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	308	22	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	308	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	308	24	companies	company	NOUN
easat-7442	308	25	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	308	26	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	308	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	308	28	related	related	ADJ
easat-7442	308	29	traps	trap	NOUN
easat-7442	308	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	308	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	308	32	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	308	33	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-7442	308	34	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	308	35	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	308	36	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	308	37	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-7442	308	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	309	1	5	5	X
easat-7442	309	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	309	3	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	309	4	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	309	5	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	309	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	309	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	309	8	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	309	9	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	309	10	budgets	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	309	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	309	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	309	13	context	context	NOUN
easat-7442	309	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	309	15	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	309	16	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	309	17	5.1	5.1	NUM
easat-7442	309	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	310	1	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-7442	310	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	310	3	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-7442	310	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	310	5	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	310	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	310	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	310	8	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	310	9	budgets	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	310	10	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	310	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	310	12	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	310	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	310	14	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	310	15	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	310	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	310	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	310	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	310	19	market	market	NOUN
easat-7442	310	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	310	21	business	business	NOUN
easat-7442	310	22	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-7442	310	23	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	310	24	china	china	PROPN
easat-7442	310	25	have	have	AUX
easat-7442	310	26	undergone	undergo	VERB
easat-7442	310	27	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7442	310	28	changes	change	NOUN
easat-7442	310	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	310	30	requiring	require	VERB
easat-7442	310	31	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	310	32	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	310	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	310	34	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	310	35	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7442	310	36	to	to	PART
easat-7442	310	37	have	have	VERB
easat-7442	310	38	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-7442	310	39	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	310	40	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	310	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	310	42	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-7442	310	43	application	application	NOUN
easat-7442	310	44	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-7442	310	45	to	to	PART
easat-7442	310	46	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	310	47	the	the	DET
easat-7442	310	48	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7442	310	49	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	310	50	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	310	51	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	310	52	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	310	53	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7442	310	54	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	311	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	311	2	14	14	NUM
easat-7442	311	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	311	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	312	1	at	at	ADP
easat-7442	312	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	312	3	same	same	ADJ
easat-7442	312	4	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	312	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	312	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	312	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	312	8	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	312	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	312	10	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	312	11	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	312	12	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7442	312	13	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	312	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	312	15	we	we	PRON
easat-7442	312	16	must	must	AUX
easat-7442	312	17	correctly	correctly	ADV
easat-7442	312	18	face	face	VERB
easat-7442	312	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	312	20	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-7442	312	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	312	22	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7442	312	23	brought	bring	VERB
easat-7442	312	24	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	312	25	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	312	26	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	312	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	312	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	312	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	312	30	clarify	clarify	VERB
easat-7442	312	31	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	312	32	role	role	NOUN
easat-7442	312	33	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	312	34	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	312	35	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	312	36	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7442	312	37	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	312	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	313	1	we	we	PRON
easat-7442	313	2	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	313	3	not	not	PART
easat-7442	313	4	simply	simply	ADV
easat-7442	313	5	negate	negate	VERB
easat-7442	313	6	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	313	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	313	8	nor	nor	CCONJ
easat-7442	313	9	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	313	10	we	we	PRON
easat-7442	313	11	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	313	12	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-7442	313	13	changes	change	NOUN
easat-7442	313	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	314	1	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	314	2	a	a	DET
easat-7442	314	3	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	314	4	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	314	5	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	314	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	314	7	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7442	314	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	314	9	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	314	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	314	11	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	314	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	314	13	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7442	314	14	to	to	PART
easat-7442	314	15	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-7442	314	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	314	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	314	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	314	19	new	new	ADJ
easat-7442	314	20	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	314	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	314	22	software	software	NOUN
easat-7442	314	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	314	24	further	far	ADV
easat-7442	314	25	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-7442	314	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	314	27	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-7442	314	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	314	29	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	314	30	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	314	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	314	32	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	314	33	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	314	34	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	314	35	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	314	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	314	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	314	38	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7442	314	39	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	314	40	the	the	DET
easat-7442	314	41	level	level	NOUN
easat-7442	314	42	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	314	43	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	314	44	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	314	45	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	314	46	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	314	47	[	[	X
easat-7442	314	48	15	15	NUM
easat-7442	314	49	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	314	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	315	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
easat-7442	315	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	315	3	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	315	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	315	5	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	315	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	315	7	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	315	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	315	9	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	315	10	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	315	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	315	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	315	13	context	context	NOUN
easat-7442	315	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	315	15	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	315	16	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	315	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	315	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	315	19	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7442	315	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	315	21	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	315	22	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	315	23	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	315	24	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	315	25	requires	require	VERB
easat-7442	315	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	315	27	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-7442	315	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	315	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	315	30	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	315	31	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	315	32	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7442	315	33	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	315	34	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	315	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	315	36	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	315	37	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	315	38	all	all	DET
easat-7442	315	39	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	315	40	work	work	NOUN
easat-7442	315	41	has	have	VERB
easat-7442	315	42	rules	rule	NOUN
easat-7442	315	43	to	to	PART
easat-7442	315	44	follow	follow	VERB
easat-7442	315	45	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	315	46	avoiding	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	315	47	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	315	48	confusion	confusion	NOUN
easat-7442	315	49	[	[	X
easat-7442	315	50	16	16	NUM
easat-7442	315	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	315	52	17	17	NUM
easat-7442	315	53	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	315	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	316	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-7442	316	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	316	3	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	316	4	includes	include	VERB
easat-7442	316	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	316	6	following	follow	VERB
easat-7442	316	7	three	three	NUM
easat-7442	316	8	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-7442	316	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	317	1	1	1	X
easat-7442	317	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	317	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	317	4	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-7442	317	5	rules	rule	NOUN
easat-7442	317	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	317	7	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-7442	317	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	317	9	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	317	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	317	11	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	317	12	clarify	clarify	VERB
easat-7442	317	13	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7442	317	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	317	15	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	317	16	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	317	17	implement	implement	VERB
easat-7442	317	18	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	317	19	refinement	refinement	NOUN
easat-7442	317	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	317	21	what	what	PRON
easat-7442	317	22	expected	expect	VERB
easat-7442	317	23	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	317	24	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	317	25	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	317	26	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	317	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	318	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	318	2	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-7442	318	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	318	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	318	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	318	6	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	318	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	318	8	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	318	9	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-7442	318	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	318	11	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	318	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	318	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	318	14	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-7442	318	15	rules	rule	NOUN
easat-7442	318	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	318	17	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-7442	318	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	318	19	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	318	20	are	be	AUX
easat-7442	318	21	the	the	DET
easat-7442	318	22	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-7442	318	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	318	24	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	318	25	points	point	VERB
easat-7442	318	26	out	out	ADP
easat-7442	318	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	318	28	correct	correct	ADJ
easat-7442	318	29	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-7442	318	30	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	318	31	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	318	32	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	318	33	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	318	34	2	2	X
easat-7442	318	35	.	.	X
easat-7442	318	36	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	318	37	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-7442	318	38	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	318	39	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	318	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	319	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	319	2	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	319	3	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	319	4	not	not	PART
easat-7442	319	5	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	319	6	needs	need	VERB
easat-7442	319	7	to	to	PART
easat-7442	319	8	regulate	regulate	VERB
easat-7442	319	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	319	10	work	work	NOUN
easat-7442	319	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	319	12	employees	employee	NOUN
easat-7442	319	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	319	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	319	15	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	319	16	needs	need	VERB
easat-7442	319	17	to	to	PART
easat-7442	319	18	constrain	constrain	VERB
easat-7442	319	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	319	20	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-7442	319	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	319	22	the	the	DET
easat-7442	319	23	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	319	24	to	to	PART
easat-7442	319	25	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	319	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	319	27	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
easat-7442	319	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	319	29	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-7442	319	30	inaction	inaction	NOUN
easat-7442	319	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	319	32	3	3	X
easat-7442	319	33	.	.	X
easat-7442	319	34	internal	internal	ADJ
easat-7442	319	35	employee	employee	NOUN
easat-7442	319	36	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	319	37	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	319	38	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	319	39	the	the	DET
easat-7442	319	40	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	319	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	320	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	320	2	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	320	3	refined	refine	VERB
easat-7442	320	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	320	5	improved	improve	VERB
easat-7442	320	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	320	7	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-7442	320	8	space	space	NOUN
easat-7442	320	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	320	10	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	320	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	320	12	punishment	punishment	NOUN
easat-7442	320	13	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7442	320	14	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	320	15	employees	employee	NOUN
easat-7442	320	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	320	17	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	320	18	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	320	19	not	not	PART
easat-7442	320	20	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	320	21	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
easat-7442	320	22	their	their	PRON
easat-7442	320	23	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
easat-7442	320	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	320	25	initiative	initiative	NOUN
easat-7442	320	26	to	to	PART
easat-7442	320	27	participate	participate	VERB
easat-7442	320	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	320	29	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	320	30	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	320	31	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-7442	320	32	them	they	PRON
easat-7442	320	33	to	to	PART
easat-7442	320	34	invest	invest	VERB
easat-7442	320	35	more	more	ADJ
easat-7442	320	36	passion	passion	NOUN
easat-7442	320	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	320	38	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
easat-7442	320	39	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	320	40	their	their	PRON
easat-7442	320	41	work	work	NOUN
easat-7442	320	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	320	43	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-7442	320	44	better	well	ADV
easat-7442	320	45	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-7442	320	46	the	the	DET
easat-7442	320	47	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	320	48	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	320	49	the	the	DET
easat-7442	320	50	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	320	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	321	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
easat-7442	321	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	321	3	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	321	4	the	the	DET
easat-7442	321	5	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	321	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	321	7	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	321	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	321	9	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	321	10	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	321	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	321	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	321	13	process	process	NOUN
easat-7442	321	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	321	15	market	market	NOUN
easat-7442	321	16	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-7442	321	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	321	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	321	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	321	20	close	close	ADJ
easat-7442	321	21	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	321	22	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	321	23	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	321	24	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	321	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	321	26	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	321	27	production	production	NOUN
easat-7442	321	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	321	29	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-7442	321	30	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	321	31	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	321	32	a	a	DET
easat-7442	321	33	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-7442	321	34	important	important	ADJ
easat-7442	321	35	task	task	NOUN
easat-7442	321	36	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	321	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	321	38	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	321	39	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	321	40	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	321	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	322	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	322	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	322	3	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7442	322	4	for	for	SCONJ
easat-7442	322	5	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	322	6	to	to	PART
easat-7442	322	7	start	start	VERB
easat-7442	322	8	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	322	9	reality	reality	NOUN
easat-7442	322	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	322	11	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	322	12	the	the	DET
easat-7442	322	13	fine	fine	ADJ
easat-7442	322	14	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	322	15	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	322	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	322	17	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	322	18	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	322	19	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	322	20	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	322	21	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	322	22	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	322	23	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-7442	322	24	to	to	PART
easat-7442	322	25	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	322	26	the	the	DET
easat-7442	322	27	smooth	smooth	ADJ
easat-7442	322	28	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-7442	322	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	322	30	fine	fine	ADJ
easat-7442	322	31	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	322	32	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	322	33	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	322	34	budgeting	budgeting	NOUN
easat-7442	323	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	323	2	18	18	NUM
easat-7442	323	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	323	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	324	1	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	324	2	a	a	DET
easat-7442	324	3	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	324	4	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	324	5	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	324	6	manager	manager	NOUN
easat-7442	324	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	324	8	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	324	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	324	10	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	324	11	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7442	324	12	to	to	PART
easat-7442	324	13	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-7442	324	14	grasp	grasp	VERB
easat-7442	324	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	324	16	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	324	17	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-7442	324	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	324	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	324	20	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	324	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	325	1	once	once	ADV
easat-7442	325	2	there	there	PRON
easat-7442	325	3	is	be	VERB
easat-7442	325	4	any	any	DET
easat-7442	325	5	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-7442	325	6	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	325	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	325	8	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	325	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	325	10	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7442	325	11	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7442	325	12	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	325	13	be	be	AUX
easat-7442	325	14	taken	take	VERB
easat-7442	325	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	325	16	a	a	DET
easat-7442	325	17	timely	timely	ADJ
easat-7442	325	18	manner	manner	NOUN
easat-7442	325	19	to	to	PART
easat-7442	325	20	intervene	intervene	VERB
easat-7442	325	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	325	22	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7442	325	23	the	the	DET
easat-7442	325	24	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	325	25	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	325	26	escalating	escalate	VERB
easat-7442	325	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	325	28	regularly	regularly	ADV
easat-7442	325	29	draw	draw	VERB
easat-7442	325	30	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	325	31	statements	statement	NOUN
easat-7442	325	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	325	33	deeply	deeply	ADV
easat-7442	325	34	explore	explore	VERB
easat-7442	325	35	the	the	DET
easat-7442	325	36	existing	exist	VERB
easat-7442	325	37	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	325	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	325	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	325	40	develop	develop	VERB
easat-7442	325	41	a	a	DET
easat-7442	325	42	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-7442	325	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	325	44	feasible	feasible	ADJ
easat-7442	325	45	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-7442	325	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	326	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	326	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	326	3	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	326	4	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-7442	326	5	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-7442	326	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	326	7	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	326	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	326	9	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7442	326	10	to	to	PART
easat-7442	326	11	objectively	objectively	ADV
easat-7442	326	12	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-7442	326	13	the	the	DET
easat-7442	326	14	preparation	preparation	NOUN
easat-7442	326	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	326	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	326	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	326	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	326	19	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-7442	326	20	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	326	21	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	326	22	order	order	NOUN
easat-7442	326	23	to	to	PART
easat-7442	326	24	lay	lay	VERB
easat-7442	326	25	a	a	DET
easat-7442	326	26	solid	solid	ADJ
easat-7442	326	27	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-7442	326	28	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	326	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	326	30	preparation	preparation	NOUN
easat-7442	326	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	326	32	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	326	33	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	326	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	326	35	next	next	ADJ
easat-7442	326	36	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	327	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	327	2	19	19	NUM
easat-7442	327	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	327	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	328	1	2223	2223	NUM
easat-7442	328	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	328	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	328	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	328	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	328	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	328	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	328	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	328	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	328	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	328	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	328	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	328	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	329	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	329	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	329	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	329	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	329	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	329	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	329	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	329	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	329	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	329	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	329	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	329	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	329	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	329	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	329	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	329	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	329	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	329	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	329	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	329	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	329	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	329	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	329	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	329	24	5.4	5.4	NUM
easat-7442	329	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	330	1	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	330	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	330	3	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	330	4	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	330	5	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	330	6	platform	platform	NOUN
easat-7442	330	7	today	today	NOUN
easat-7442	330	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	330	9	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	330	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	330	11	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	330	12	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	330	13	widely	widely	ADV
easat-7442	330	14	used	use	VERB
easat-7442	330	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	330	16	all	all	DET
easat-7442	330	17	walks	walk	NOUN
easat-7442	330	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	330	19	life	life	NOUN
easat-7442	330	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	330	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	330	22	has	have	AUX
easat-7442	330	23	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	330	24	relatively	relatively	ADV
easat-7442	330	25	ideal	ideal	ADJ
easat-7442	330	26	application	application	NOUN
easat-7442	330	27	results	result	NOUN
easat-7442	330	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	1	under	under	ADP
easat-7442	331	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	331	3	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	331	4	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	331	5	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-7442	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	7	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	331	8	an	an	DET
easat-7442	331	9	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	331	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	11	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	331	12	should	should	AUX
easat-7442	331	13	use	use	VERB
easat-7442	331	14	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-7442	331	15	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	331	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	17	big	big	ADJ
easat-7442	331	18	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	331	19	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	331	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	21	etc	etc	X
easat-7442	331	22	.	.	X
easat-7442	331	23	to	to	PART
easat-7442	331	24	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	331	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	331	26	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	331	27	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	331	28	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	331	29	platform	platform	NOUN
easat-7442	331	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	31	so	so	SCONJ
easat-7442	331	32	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	331	33	to	to	PART
easat-7442	331	34	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	331	35	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	331	36	the	the	DET
easat-7442	331	37	refined	refined	ADJ
easat-7442	331	38	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	331	39	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	331	40	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	331	41	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	331	42	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	331	43	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	331	44	the	the	DET
easat-7442	331	45	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-7442	331	46	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	331	47	informatization	informatization	NOUN
easat-7442	331	48	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	331	49	electronics	electronic	NOUN
easat-7442	331	50	[	[	X
easat-7442	331	51	20	20	NUM
easat-7442	331	52	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	331	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	332	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	332	2	construction	construction	NOUN
easat-7442	332	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	332	4	a	a	DET
easat-7442	332	5	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	332	6	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	332	7	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	332	8	platform	platform	NOUN
easat-7442	332	9	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	332	10	create	create	VERB
easat-7442	332	11	a	a	DET
easat-7442	332	12	good	good	ADJ
easat-7442	332	13	online	online	ADJ
easat-7442	332	14	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-7442	332	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	332	16	exchange	exchange	NOUN
easat-7442	332	17	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7442	332	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	332	19	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	332	20	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	332	21	not	not	PART
easat-7442	332	22	only	only	ADV
easat-7442	332	23	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	332	24	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	332	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	332	26	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	332	27	sharing	sharing	NOUN
easat-7442	332	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	332	29	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	332	30	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	332	31	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	332	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	332	33	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7442	332	34	also	also	ADV
easat-7442	332	35	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7442	332	36	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-7442	332	37	support	support	NOUN
easat-7442	332	38	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	332	39	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	332	40	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	332	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	332	42	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	332	43	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	332	44	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	332	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	333	1	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	333	2	the	the	DET
easat-7442	333	3	help	help	NOUN
easat-7442	333	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	333	5	the	the	DET
easat-7442	333	6	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	333	7	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	333	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	333	9	platform	platform	NOUN
easat-7442	333	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	333	11	it	it	PRON
easat-7442	333	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	333	13	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-7442	333	14	to	to	PART
easat-7442	333	15	track	track	VERB
easat-7442	333	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	333	17	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	333	18	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-7442	333	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	333	20	various	various	ADJ
easat-7442	333	21	departments	department	NOUN
easat-7442	333	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	333	23	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	333	24	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	333	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	333	26	dynamically	dynamically	ADV
easat-7442	333	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	333	28	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	333	29	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7442	333	30	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	333	31	over	over	ADP
easat-7442	333	32	the	the	DET
easat-7442	333	33	use	use	NOUN
easat-7442	333	34	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	333	35	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	333	36	funds	fund	NOUN
easat-7442	333	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	333	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	333	39	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7442	333	40	the	the	DET
easat-7442	333	41	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7442	333	42	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-7442	333	43	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	333	44	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	333	45	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	333	46	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-7442	333	47	[	[	X
easat-7442	333	48	21	21	NUM
easat-7442	333	49	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	333	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	334	1	6	6	X
easat-7442	334	2	.	.	X
easat-7442	334	3	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-7442	334	4	this	this	DET
easat-7442	334	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-7442	334	6	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-7442	334	7	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	334	8	the	the	DET
easat-7442	334	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	334	10	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	334	11	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-7442	334	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	334	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	334	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	334	15	field	field	NOUN
easat-7442	334	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	334	17	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	334	18	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	334	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	334	20	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	334	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	334	22	proposes	propose	VERB
easat-7442	334	23	an	an	DET
easat-7442	334	24	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-7442	334	25	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	334	26	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	334	27	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	334	28	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	334	29	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	334	30	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	334	31	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	334	32	to	to	PART
easat-7442	334	33	address	address	VERB
easat-7442	334	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	334	35	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-7442	334	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	334	37	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	334	38	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	334	39	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	334	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	334	41	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7442	334	42	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-7442	334	43	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	334	44	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	334	45	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	334	46	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-7442	334	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	335	1	its	its	PRON
easat-7442	335	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-7442	335	3	basis	basis	NOUN
easat-7442	335	4	lies	lie	VERB
easat-7442	335	5	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	335	6	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	335	7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	335	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	335	9	which	which	PRON
easat-7442	335	10	uses	use	VERB
easat-7442	335	11	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	335	12	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	335	13	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	335	14	to	to	PART
easat-7442	335	15	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
easat-7442	335	16	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	335	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	335	18	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7442	335	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	335	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	335	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	335	22	causality	causality	NOUN
easat-7442	335	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	335	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	336	1	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	336	2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	336	3	quantifies	quantifie	NOUN
easat-7442	336	4	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	336	5	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	336	6	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	336	7	simulating	simulate	VERB
easat-7442	336	8	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	336	9	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-7442	336	10	after	after	ADP
easat-7442	336	11	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	336	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	1	core	core	NOUN
easat-7442	337	2	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7442	337	3	such	such	ADJ
easat-7442	337	4	as	as	ADP
easat-7442	337	5	difference	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	337	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	337	7	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-7442	337	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	9	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
easat-7442	337	10	variable	variable	ADJ
easat-7442	337	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-7442	337	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	337	14	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	337	15	generative	generative	ADJ
easat-7442	337	16	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-7442	337	17	network	network	NOUN
easat-7442	337	18	can	can	AUX
easat-7442	337	19	block	block	VERB
easat-7442	337	20	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	337	21	paths	path	NOUN
easat-7442	337	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	23	solve	solve	VERB
easat-7442	337	24	endogeneity	endogeneity	NOUN
easat-7442	337	25	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-7442	337	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	337	28	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-7442	337	29	the	the	DET
easat-7442	337	30	true	true	ADJ
easat-7442	337	31	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	337	32	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7442	337	33	between	between	ADP
easat-7442	337	34	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	337	35	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	36	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	337	37	the	the	DET
easat-7442	337	38	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	337	39	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	337	40	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	337	41	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	337	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	43	the	the	DET
easat-7442	337	44	data	data	NOUN
easat-7442	337	45	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	337	46	uses	use	VERB
easat-7442	337	47	dag	dag	PROPN
easat-7442	337	48	to	to	PART
easat-7442	337	49	identify	identify	VERB
easat-7442	337	50	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	337	51	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-7442	337	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	53	granger	granger	PROPN
easat-7442	337	54	causality	causality	PROPN
easat-7442	337	55	test	test	NOUN
easat-7442	337	56	to	to	PART
easat-7442	337	57	analyze	analyze	VERB
easat-7442	337	58	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	337	59	series	series	PROPN
easat-7442	337	60	lag	lag	NOUN
easat-7442	337	61	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	337	62	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	63	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	337	64	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	337	65	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7442	337	66	component	component	NOUN
easat-7442	337	67	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	337	68	to	to	PART
easat-7442	337	69	screen	screen	VERB
easat-7442	337	70	high	high	ADJ
easat-7442	337	71	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	72	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
easat-7442	337	73	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	337	74	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	337	75	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	337	76	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	77	the	the	DET
easat-7442	337	78	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	337	79	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	337	80	combines	combine	VERB
easat-7442	337	81	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-7442	337	82	structural	structural	ADJ
easat-7442	337	83	causal	causal	NOUN
easat-7442	337	84	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	337	85	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	337	86	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-7442	337	87	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	337	88	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	337	89	diagrams	diagram	NOUN
easat-7442	337	90	to	to	PART
easat-7442	337	91	update	update	VERB
easat-7442	337	92	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	337	93	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-7442	337	94	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	337	95	real	real	ADJ
easat-7442	337	96	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	337	97	time	time	NOUN
easat-7442	337	98	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	338	1	monte	monte	PROPN
easat-7442	338	2	carlo	carlo	PROPN
easat-7442	338	3	simulations	simulation	NOUN
easat-7442	338	4	generate	generate	VERB
easat-7442	338	5	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	338	6	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	338	7	plans	plan	NOUN
easat-7442	338	8	to	to	PART
easat-7442	338	9	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-7442	338	10	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	338	11	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	338	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	338	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	338	14	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	338	15	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	338	16	agent	agent	ADJ
easat-7442	338	17	game	game	NOUN
easat-7442	338	18	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	338	19	optimize	optimize	VERB
easat-7442	338	20	inter	inter	ADJ
easat-7442	338	21	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-7442	338	22	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	338	23	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	338	24	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	338	25	the	the	DET
easat-7442	338	26	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	338	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	338	28	making	make	VERB
easat-7442	338	29	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-7442	338	30	designs	design	VERB
easat-7442	338	31	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-7442	338	32	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	338	33	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-7442	338	34	functions	function	NOUN
easat-7442	338	35	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	338	36	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	338	37	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	338	38	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	338	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	338	40	embeds	embed	VERB
easat-7442	338	41	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	338	42	objective	objective	ADJ
easat-7442	338	43	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-7442	338	44	to	to	PART
easat-7442	338	45	address	address	VERB
easat-7442	338	46	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	338	47	drift	drift	NOUN
easat-7442	338	48	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	338	49	online	online	ADJ
easat-7442	338	50	a	a	PRON
easat-7442	338	51	/	/	SYM
easat-7442	338	52	b	b	NOUN
easat-7442	338	53	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-7442	338	54	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	338	55	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-7442	338	56	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	338	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	338	58	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7442	338	59	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	338	60	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-7442	338	61	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	338	62	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-7442	338	63	control	control	NOUN
easat-7442	338	64	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-7442	338	65	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	339	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-7442	339	2	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-7442	339	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-7442	339	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	339	5	causal	causal	ADV
easat-7442	339	6	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7442	339	7	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	339	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	339	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	339	10	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	339	11	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	339	12	have	have	AUX
easat-7442	339	13	increased	increase	VERB
easat-7442	339	14	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	339	15	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	339	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-7442	339	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	339	18	18.7	18.7	NUM
easat-7442	339	19	%	%	NOUN
easat-7442	339	20	compared	compare	VERB
easat-7442	339	21	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	339	22	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-7442	339	23	roi	roi	NOUN
easat-7442	339	24	models	model	NOUN
easat-7442	339	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	339	26	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-7442	339	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	339	28	value	value	NOUN
easat-7442	339	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	339	30	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	339	31	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	339	32	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	339	33	correcting	correct	VERB
easat-7442	339	34	confounding	confound	VERB
easat-7442	339	35	biases	bias	NOUN
easat-7442	339	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	339	37	capturing	capture	VERB
easat-7442	339	38	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
easat-7442	339	39	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	339	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	340	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	340	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	340	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-7442	340	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	340	5	companies	company	NOUN
easat-7442	340	6	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-7442	340	7	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	340	8	cognition	cognition	NOUN
easat-7442	340	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	340	10	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7442	340	11	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-7442	340	12	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7442	340	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	340	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	340	15	build	build	VERB
easat-7442	340	16	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	340	17	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-7442	340	18	to	to	PART
easat-7442	340	19	promote	promote	VERB
easat-7442	340	20	the	the	DET
easat-7442	340	21	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-7442	340	22	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7442	340	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	340	24	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	340	25	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	340	26	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	340	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	340	28	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7442	340	29	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	340	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	341	1	the	the	DET
easat-7442	341	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-7442	341	3	points	point	VERB
easat-7442	341	4	out	out	ADP
easat-7442	341	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	341	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	341	7	causal	causal	PROPN
easat-7442	341	8	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-7442	341	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	341	10	through	through	ADP
easat-7442	341	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	341	12	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-7442	341	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	341	14	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
easat-7442	341	15	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-7442	341	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	341	17	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-7442	341	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	341	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	341	20	brings	bring	VERB
easat-7442	341	21	a	a	DET
easat-7442	341	22	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-7442	341	23	upgrade	upgrade	VERB
easat-7442	341	24	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	341	25	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	341	26	fitting	fit	VERB
easat-7442	341	27	to	to	ADP
easat-7442	341	28	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	341	29	intervention	intervention	NOUN
easat-7442	341	30	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	341	31	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	341	32	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	341	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	341	34	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	341	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	341	36	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7442	341	37	improving	improve	VERB
easat-7442	341	38	the	the	DET
easat-7442	341	39	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-7442	341	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	341	41	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-7442	341	42	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-7442	341	43	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	341	44	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	341	45	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	341	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	342	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-7442	342	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	342	3	the	the	DET
easat-7442	342	4	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	342	5	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-7442	342	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	342	7	the	the	DET
easat-7442	342	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-7442	342	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	342	10	an	an	DET
easat-7442	342	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-7442	342	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	342	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-7442	342	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	342	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	342	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-7442	342	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-7442	342	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	342	19	the	the	DET
easat-7442	342	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	342	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	342	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	342	23	no	no	DET
easat-7442	342	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-7442	342	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7442	342	26	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	342	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	342	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	342	29	have	have	AUX
easat-7442	342	30	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	342	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-7442	342	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	342	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	342	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7442	342	35	any	any	DET
easat-7442	342	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-7442	342	37	from	from	ADP
easat-7442	342	38	the	the	DET
easat-7442	342	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	342	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7442	342	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-7442	342	42	have	have	AUX
easat-7442	342	43	been	be	AUX
easat-7442	342	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-7442	342	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	343	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	343	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	343	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-7442	343	4	all	all	DET
easat-7442	343	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-7442	343	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7442	343	7	during	during	ADP
easat-7442	343	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-7442	343	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	344	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-7442	344	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	344	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	344	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	344	5	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	344	6	the	the	DET
easat-7442	344	7	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	344	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	345	1	this	this	DET
easat-7442	345	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-7442	345	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	345	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-7442	345	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-7442	345	6	is	be	AUX
easat-7442	345	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-7442	345	8	under	under	ADP
easat-7442	345	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	345	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-7442	345	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	345	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-7442	345	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	345	14	the	the	DET
easat-7442	345	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-7442	345	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-7442	345	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-7442	345	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	345	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-7442	345	20	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	345	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	345	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-7442	345	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	345	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-7442	345	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	345	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	346	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-7442	346	2	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	346	3	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7442	346	4	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	346	5	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	346	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	346	7	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	346	8	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7442	346	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	346	10	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7442	346	11	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	346	12	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7442	346	13	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	346	14	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	347	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	347	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	347	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	347	5	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	347	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	7	2206	2206	NUM
easat-7442	347	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	347	9	2224	2224	NUM
easat-7442	347	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	347	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7442	347	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	14	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	10.55214/25768484.v9i5.7442	NUM
easat-7442	347	15	©	©	PROPN
easat-7442	347	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	347	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7442	347	18	the	the	DET
easat-7442	347	19	author	author	NOUN
easat-7442	347	20	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	21	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7442	347	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7442	347	23	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7442	347	24	references	reference	NOUN
easat-7442	347	25	[	[	X
easat-7442	347	26	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	347	27	]	]	X
easat-7442	347	28	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-7442	347	29	liu	liu	PROPN
easat-7442	347	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	32	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-7442	347	33	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	347	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	347	35	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
easat-7442	347	36	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	347	37	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-7442	347	38	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	347	39	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	347	40	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	347	41	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	347	42	ai	ai	PRON
easat-7442	347	43	fintech	fintech	NOUN
easat-7442	347	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	45	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	46	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	347	47	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	347	48	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	49	applications	application	NOUN
easat-7442	347	50	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	347	51	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	347	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	347	53	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-7442	347	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	347	55	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	347	56	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	348	1	7	7	NUM
easat-7442	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	348	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	348	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	348	5	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	348	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	348	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	348	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	349	1	254	254	NUM
easat-7442	349	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	349	3	269	269	NUM
easat-7442	349	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	349	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	349	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	1	https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame712024942	https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame712024942	PROPN
easat-7442	350	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	350	3	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	350	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	350	6	ganti	ganti	PROPN
easat-7442	350	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	350	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	350	9	singhania	singhania	PROPN
easat-7442	350	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	12	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7442	350	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	350	14	game	game	NOUN
easat-7442	350	15	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-7442	350	16	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	350	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	350	18	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	350	19	markets	market	NOUN
easat-7442	350	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	21	a	a	DET
easat-7442	350	22	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-7442	350	23	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-7442	350	24	review	review	NOUN
easat-7442	350	25	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	350	26	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	350	27	tccm	tccm	NOUN
easat-7442	350	28	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	350	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	31	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7442	350	32	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	350	33	modelling	modelling	NOUN
easat-7442	350	34	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	350	35	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	350	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	350	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	350	39	20	20	NUM
easat-7442	350	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	41	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	350	42	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	350	43	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	350	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	350	45	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	350	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	351	1	276	276	NUM
easat-7442	351	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	351	3	299	299	NUM
easat-7442	351	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	351	5	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	351	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	352	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-04-2024-0114	https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-04-2024-0114	X
easat-7442	353	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	353	2	3	3	NUM
easat-7442	353	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	353	5	chatzimparmpas	chatzimparmpas	PROPN
easat-7442	353	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	353	7	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-7442	353	8	dimara	dimara	PROPN
easat-7442	353	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	11	aiding	aid	VERB
easat-7442	353	12	humans	human	NOUN
easat-7442	353	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	353	14	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	353	15	fraud	fraud	NOUN
easat-7442	353	16	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	353	17	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	353	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	19	toward	toward	ADP
easat-7442	353	20	an	an	DET
easat-7442	353	21	xaivisualization	xaivisualization	NOUN
easat-7442	353	22	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	353	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	25	arxiv	arxiv	PROPN
easat-7442	353	26	preprint	preprint	VERB
easat-7442	353	27	arxiv:2408.14552	arxiv:2408.14552	NOUN
easat-7442	353	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	353	29	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	353	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	354	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	354	2	4	4	NUM
easat-7442	354	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	354	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	354	5	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-7442	354	6	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7442	354	7	alkhawaldeh	alkhawaldeh	PROPN
easat-7442	354	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	354	9	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7442	354	10	jahmani	jahmani	PROPN
easat-7442	354	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	354	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	354	13	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	354	14	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-7442	354	15	mohammad	mohammad	PROPN
easat-7442	354	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	354	17	developing	develop	VERB
easat-7442	354	18	a	a	DET
easat-7442	354	19	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	354	20	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	354	21	predicting	predict	VERB
easat-7442	354	22	hr	hr	NOUN
easat-7442	354	23	analytics	analytic	NOUN
easat-7442	354	24	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-7442	354	25	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	354	26	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	354	27	the	the	DET
easat-7442	354	28	toe	toe	NOUN
easat-7442	354	29	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	354	30	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	354	31	an	an	DET
easat-7442	354	32	empirical	empirical	ADJ
easat-7442	354	33	study	study	NOUN
easat-7442	354	34	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	354	35	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-7442	354	36	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-7442	354	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	355	1	cham	cham	PROPN
easat-7442	355	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	355	3	springer	springer	NOUN
easat-7442	355	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	355	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	355	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	356	2	5	5	X
easat-7442	356	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-7442	356	5	tudor	tudor	PROPN
easat-7442	356	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	356	7	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-7442	356	8	sova	sova	PROPN
easat-7442	356	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	11	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7442	356	12	trading	trading	NOUN
easat-7442	356	13	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	356	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	356	15	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	356	16	markets	market	NOUN
easat-7442	356	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	18	an	an	DET
easat-7442	356	19	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
easat-7442	356	20	trading	trading	NOUN
easat-7442	356	21	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	356	22	with	with	ADP
easat-7442	356	23	continual	continual	ADJ
easat-7442	356	24	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-7442	356	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	26	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-7442	356	27	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	356	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	29	window	window	NOUN
easat-7442	356	30	presetting	presetting	NOUN
easat-7442	356	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	356	33	controlled	control	VERB
easat-7442	356	34	early	early	ADJ
easat-7442	356	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	36	stopping	stopping	NOUN
easat-7442	356	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	39	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-7442	356	40	access	access	NOUN
easat-7442	356	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	42	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	356	43	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	356	44	12	12	NUM
easat-7442	356	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	46	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	356	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	48	112	112	NUM
easat-7442	356	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	356	50	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	356	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	357	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3417815	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3417815	PROPN
easat-7442	358	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	358	2	6	6	NUM
easat-7442	358	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	358	5	silva	silva	PROPN
easat-7442	358	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	7	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-7442	358	8	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-7442	358	9	simões	simões	PROPN
easat-7442	358	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	358	12	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-7442	358	13	blanc	blanc	NOUN
easat-7442	358	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	16	supporting	support	VERB
easat-7442	358	17	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	358	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	19	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	358	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	358	21	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-7442	358	22	robot	robot	NOUN
easat-7442	358	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	24	cobot	cobot	NOUN
easat-7442	358	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	26	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-7442	358	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	28	the	the	DET
easat-7442	358	29	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	358	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	358	31	a	a	DET
easat-7442	358	32	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	358	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	35	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-7442	358	36	forecasting	forecasting	NOUN
easat-7442	358	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	358	38	social	social	ADJ
easat-7442	358	39	change	change	NOUN
easat-7442	358	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	358	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	358	43	204	204	NUM
easat-7442	358	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	45	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	358	46	123406	123406	NUM
easat-7442	358	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	358	48	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	358	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123406	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123406	NOUN
easat-7442	359	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	359	3	7	7	NUM
easat-7442	359	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	359	6	poshnath	poshnath	PROPN
easat-7442	359	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	8	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-7442	359	9	rismanchi	rismanchi	PROPN
easat-7442	359	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	359	12	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	359	13	rajabifard	rajabifard	NOUN
easat-7442	359	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	16	renewable	renewable	ADJ
easat-7442	359	17	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-7442	359	18	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	359	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	359	20	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	359	21	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	359	22	owned	own	VERB
easat-7442	359	23	buildings	building	NOUN
easat-7442	359	24	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	359	25	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-7442	359	26	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-7442	359	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	28	a	a	DET
easat-7442	359	29	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-7442	359	30	evidence	evidence	NOUN
easat-7442	359	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	32	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	359	33	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	359	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	35	making	make	VERB
easat-7442	359	36	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	359	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	39	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-7442	359	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	359	41	buildings	building	NOUN
easat-7442	359	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	359	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	359	45	320	320	NUM
easat-7442	359	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	47	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	359	48	114601	114601	NUM
easat-7442	359	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	359	50	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	359	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	360	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114601	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114601	NOUN
easat-7442	361	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	361	2	8	8	NUM
easat-7442	361	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	361	5	kim	kim	PROPN
easat-7442	361	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	7	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-7442	361	8	ghimire	ghimire	PROPN
easat-7442	361	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	10	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-7442	361	11	barutha	barutha	PROPN
easat-7442	361	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	361	14	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-7442	361	15	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7442	361	16	jeong	jeong	PROPN
easat-7442	361	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	19	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-7442	361	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	21	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	361	22	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	361	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	24	making	make	VERB
easat-7442	361	25	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	361	26	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	361	27	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	361	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	361	29	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7442	361	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	361	31	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7442	361	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	361	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	35	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7442	361	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	361	37	management	management	NOUN
easat-7442	361	38	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	361	39	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-7442	361	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	361	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	361	43	40	40	NUM
easat-7442	361	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	45	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	361	46	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	361	47	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	361	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	49	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	361	50	04024041	04024041	NUM
easat-7442	361	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	361	52	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	361	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	362	1	https://doi.org/10.1061/jmenea.meeng-5719	https://doi.org/10.1061/jmenea.meeng-5719	NOUN
easat-7442	363	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	363	2	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	363	3	]	]	X
easat-7442	363	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-7442	363	5	afshan	afshan	PROPN
easat-7442	363	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	363	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	363	8	riaz	riaz	PROPN
easat-7442	363	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	363	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	363	11	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	363	12	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-7442	363	13	khuhro	khuhro	PROPN
easat-7442	363	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	363	15	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	363	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	363	17	tourists	tourist	NOUN
easat-7442	363	18	'	'	PART
easat-7442	363	19	personality	personality	NOUN
easat-7442	363	20	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	363	21	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-7442	363	22	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	363	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	363	24	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	363	25	during	during	ADP
easat-7442	363	26	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
easat-7442	363	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	363	28	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-7442	363	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	364	1	cham	cham	PROPN
easat-7442	364	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	364	3	springer	springer	NOUN
easat-7442	364	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	364	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	364	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	365	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	365	2	10	10	NUM
easat-7442	365	3	]	]	X
easat-7442	365	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7442	365	5	pearl	pearl	PROPN
easat-7442	365	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	365	7	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	365	8	glymour	glymour	NOUN
easat-7442	365	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	365	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	365	11	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-7442	365	12	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-7442	365	13	jewell	jewell	PROPN
easat-7442	365	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	365	15	causal	causal	ADJ
easat-7442	365	16	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-7442	365	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	365	18	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-7442	365	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	365	20	a	a	DET
easat-7442	365	21	primer	primer	NOUN
easat-7442	365	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	366	1	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-7442	366	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	366	3	wiley	wiley	PROPN
easat-7442	366	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	366	5	2016	2016	NUM
easat-7442	366	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	367	2	11	11	NUM
easat-7442	367	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-7442	367	5	culicetto	culicetto	PROPN
easat-7442	367	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-7442	367	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-7442	367	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	367	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	11	shades	shade	NOUN
easat-7442	367	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	367	13	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	367	14	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	367	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	367	16	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-7442	367	17	sclerosis	sclerosis	NOUN
easat-7442	367	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	19	a	a	DET
easat-7442	367	20	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-7442	367	21	review	review	NOUN
easat-7442	367	22	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	367	23	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7442	367	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	25	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-7442	367	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	367	27	under	under	ADP
easat-7442	367	28	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-7442	367	29	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-7442	367	30	choices	choice	NOUN
easat-7442	367	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	33	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-7442	367	34	sclerosis	sclerosis	NOUN
easat-7442	367	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	367	36	related	related	ADJ
easat-7442	367	37	disorders	disorder	NOUN
easat-7442	367	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	39	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	367	40	106414	106414	NUM
easat-7442	367	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	367	42	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	367	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2025.106414	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2025.106414	PROPN
easat-7442	368	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	368	3	12	12	NUM
easat-7442	368	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	5	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-7442	368	6	guo	guo	PROPN
easat-7442	368	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	368	8	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-7442	368	9	li	li	PROPN
easat-7442	368	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	12	an	an	DET
easat-7442	368	13	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-7442	368	14	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	368	15	investment	investment	NOUN
easat-7442	368	16	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	368	17	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	368	18	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	368	19	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	368	20	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	368	21	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	368	22	agent	agent	ADJ
easat-7442	368	23	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-7442	368	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7442	368	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	27	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7442	368	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	368	29	circuits	circuit	NOUN
easat-7442	368	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	31	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7442	368	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	368	33	computers	computer	NOUN
easat-7442	368	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	368	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	368	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	369	1	33	33	NUM
easat-7442	369	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	369	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	369	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	369	5	15	15	NUM
easat-7442	369	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	369	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	369	8	2450266	2450266	NUM
easat-7442	369	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	369	10	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	369	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	1	https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126624502669	https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218126624502669	NUM
easat-7442	370	2	[	[	SYM
easat-7442	370	3	13	13	NUM
easat-7442	370	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	370	6	hao	hao	PROPN
easat-7442	370	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7442	370	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	370	11	the	the	DET
easat-7442	370	12	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7442	370	13	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7442	370	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	370	15	university	university	NOUN
easat-7442	370	16	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-7442	370	17	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-7442	370	18	project	project	NOUN
easat-7442	370	19	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	370	20	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	370	21	equity	equity	NOUN
easat-7442	370	22	realization	realization	NOUN
easat-7442	370	23	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-7442	370	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	26	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	370	27	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
easat-7442	370	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	370	29	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
easat-7442	370	30	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-7442	370	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	32	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	370	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	370	34	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	370	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	36	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	370	37	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	370	38	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	370	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	370	40	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	370	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	371	1	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	371	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	371	3	5	5	NUM
easat-7442	371	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	371	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	371	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	372	1	https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2023.1.00143	https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2023.1.00143	NOUN
easat-7442	373	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	373	2	14	14	NUM
easat-7442	373	3	]	]	X
easat-7442	373	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7442	373	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	373	6	piehlmaier	piehlmaier	NOUN
easat-7442	373	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	9	the	the	DET
easat-7442	373	10	one	one	NUM
easat-7442	373	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	12	man	man	NOUN
easat-7442	373	13	show	show	NOUN
easat-7442	373	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	15	the	the	DET
easat-7442	373	16	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7442	373	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	373	18	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-7442	373	19	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	373	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	21	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	373	22	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	373	23	investor	investor	NOUN
easat-7442	373	24	overconfidence	overconfidence	NOUN
easat-7442	373	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	27	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7442	373	28	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	373	29	consumer	consumer	NOUN
easat-7442	373	30	research	research	NOUN
easat-7442	373	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	32	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	373	33	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	373	34	50	50	NUM
easat-7442	373	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	36	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	373	37	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	373	38	2	2	NUM
easat-7442	373	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	40	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	373	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	42	426	426	NUM
easat-7442	373	43	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	373	44	446	446	NUM
easat-7442	373	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	373	46	2023	2023	NUM
easat-7442	373	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	374	2	15	15	NUM
easat-7442	374	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	4	x.	x.	NOUN
easat-7442	374	5	cheng	cheng	PROPN
easat-7442	374	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	8	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-7442	374	9	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-7442	374	10	chain	chain	NOUN
easat-7442	374	11	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	374	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	374	13	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	374	14	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	374	15	data	data	NOUN
easat-7442	374	16	elements	element	NOUN
easat-7442	374	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	374	18	china	china	PROPN
easat-7442	374	19	’s	’s	PART
easat-7442	374	20	retail	retail	ADJ
easat-7442	374	21	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-7442	374	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	23	towards	towards	ADP
easat-7442	374	24	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-7442	374	25	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	374	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	28	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
easat-7442	374	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	374	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	374	32	17	17	NUM
easat-7442	374	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	34	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	374	35	2207	2207	NUM
easat-7442	374	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	37	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7442	374	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	374	39	https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052207	https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052207	NOUN
easat-7442	375	1	[	[	X
easat-7442	375	2	16	16	NUM
easat-7442	375	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	375	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	375	6	onari	onari	PROPN
easat-7442	375	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	8	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	375	9	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7442	375	10	rezaee	rezaee	PROPN
easat-7442	375	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	12	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7442	375	13	saberi	saberi	PROPN
easat-7442	375	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	375	16	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-7442	375	17	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	375	18	nobile	nobile	PROPN
easat-7442	375	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	21	an	an	DET
easat-7442	375	22	explainable	explainable	ADJ
easat-7442	375	23	data	data	NOUN
easat-7442	375	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	25	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7442	375	26	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	375	27	support	support	NOUN
easat-7442	375	28	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7442	375	29	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	375	30	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7442	375	31	customer	customer	NOUN
easat-7442	375	32	development	development	NOUN
easat-7442	375	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	35	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-7442	375	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	37	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	375	38	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7442	375	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	40	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	375	41	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	375	42	295	295	NUM
easat-7442	375	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	44	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	375	45	111761	111761	NUM
easat-7442	375	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	375	47	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	375	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111761	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111761	ADJ
easat-7442	376	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	376	3	17	17	NUM
easat-7442	376	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7442	376	6	zhou	zhou	PROPN
easat-7442	376	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-7442	376	10	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	376	11	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-7442	376	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7442	376	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	376	14	student	student	NOUN
easat-7442	376	15	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	376	16	aid	aid	NOUN
easat-7442	376	17	system	system	NOUN
easat-7442	376	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	376	19	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-7442	376	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	376	21	universities	university	NOUN
easat-7442	376	22	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	376	23	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	376	24	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7442	376	25	-	-	ADJ
easat-7442	376	26	objective	objective	ADJ
easat-7442	376	27	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	376	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	29	making	make	VERB
easat-7442	376	30	model	model	NOUN
easat-7442	376	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	33	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7442	376	34	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
easat-7442	376	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	376	36	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
easat-7442	376	37	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-7442	376	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	376	40	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	376	41	9	9	NUM
easat-7442	376	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	43	no	no	INTJ
easat-7442	376	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-7442	376	45	1	1	NUM
easat-7442	376	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	47	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	376	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	49	1–15	1–15	NUM
easat-7442	376	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	376	51	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	376	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	1	https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-2397	https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-2397	ADP
easat-7442	377	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	377	3	18	18	NUM
easat-7442	377	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	377	6	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-7442	377	7	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-7442	377	8	zhu	zhu	PROPN
easat-7442	377	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	11	optimizing	optimize	VERB
easat-7442	377	12	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	377	13	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	377	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	15	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	377	16	for	for	ADP
easat-7442	377	17	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-7442	377	18	adults	adult	NOUN
easat-7442	377	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	20	a	a	DET
easat-7442	377	21	compact	compact	ADJ
easat-7442	377	22	python	python	NOUN
easat-7442	377	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	24	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	377	25	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-7442	377	26	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	377	27	projection	projection	NOUN
easat-7442	377	28	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7442	377	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	31	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7442	377	32	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	377	33	society	society	NOUN
easat-7442	377	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	377	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	377	37	77	77	NUM
easat-7442	377	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	39	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	377	40	102599	102599	NUM
easat-7442	377	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	377	42	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	377	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102599	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102599	PROPN
easat-7442	378	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	378	3	19	19	NUM
easat-7442	378	4	]	]	X
easat-7442	378	5	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-7442	378	6	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	378	7	owolabi	owolabi	PROPN
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easat-7442	378	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-7442	378	10	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	378	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	13	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-7442	378	14	implication	implication	NOUN
easat-7442	378	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	378	16	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	378	17	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	378	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	19	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-7442	378	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	21	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-7442	378	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	378	23	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	378	24	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	378	25	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	378	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	28	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-7442	378	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	378	30	information	information	NOUN
easat-7442	378	31	science	science	NOUN
easat-7442	378	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	378	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	378	35	17	17	NUM
easat-7442	378	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	378	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	378	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	379	1	49	49	NUM
easat-7442	379	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	379	3	56	56	NUM
easat-7442	379	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	379	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	379	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	1	https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v17n1p49	https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v17n1p49	ADJ
easat-7442	380	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	380	3	20	20	NUM
easat-7442	380	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	5	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7442	380	6	vavra	vavra	NOUN
easat-7442	380	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	8	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-7442	380	9	p.	p.	PROPN
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easat-7442	380	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	380	13	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7442	380	14	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-7442	380	15	sanfey	sanfey	PROPN
easat-7442	380	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	18	moral	moral	ADJ
easat-7442	380	19	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-7442	380	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	21	making	making	NOUN
easat-7442	380	22	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	380	23	context	context	NOUN
easat-7442	380	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	25	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
easat-7442	380	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	380	27	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-7442	380	28	processes	process	NOUN
easat-7442	380	29	underlying	underlie	VERB
easat-7442	380	30	allocations	allocation	NOUN
easat-7442	380	31	based	base	VERB
easat-7442	380	32	on	on	ADP
easat-7442	380	33	need	need	NOUN
easat-7442	380	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	35	merit	merit	NOUN
easat-7442	380	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	380	38	equality	equality	NOUN
easat-7442	380	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	40	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	41	cortex	cortex	NOUN
easat-7442	380	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7442	380	44	.	.	PROPN
easat-7442	380	45	177	177	NUM
easat-7442	380	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	380	47	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	380	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	381	1	53	53	NUM
easat-7442	381	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	381	3	67	67	NUM
easat-7442	381	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	381	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	381	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.015	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.015	NOUN
easat-7442	382	2	[	[	X
easat-7442	382	3	21	21	NUM
easat-7442	382	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7442	382	6	bi	bi	PROPN
easat-7442	382	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	8	j.	j.	PROPN
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easat-7442	382	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	382	12	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7442	382	13	deng	deng	PROPN
easat-7442	382	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	16	the	the	DET
easat-7442	382	17	role	role	NOUN
easat-7442	382	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	382	19	ai	ai	VERB
easat-7442	382	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	382	21	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7442	382	22	forecasting	forecasting	NOUN
easat-7442	382	23	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	24	chatgpt	chatgpt	NOUN
easat-7442	382	25	's	's	PART
easat-7442	382	26	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7442	382	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	382	28	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7442	382	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	31	in	in	ADP
easat-7442	382	32	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
easat-7442	382	33	of	of	ADP
easat-7442	382	34	the	the	DET
easat-7442	382	35	4th	4th	ADJ
easat-7442	382	36	asia	asia	PROPN
easat-7442	382	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	38	pacific	pacific	ADJ
easat-7442	382	39	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-7442	382	40	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-7442	382	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7442	382	42	big	big	ADJ
easat-7442	382	43	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7442	382	44	forum	forum	PROPN
easat-7442	382	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	46	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7442	382	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	48	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7442	382	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	382	50	1064	1064	NUM
easat-7442	382	51	-	-	SYM
easat-7442	382	52	1070	1070	NUM
easat-7442	382	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7442	383	1	https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame712024942	https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame712024942	PROPN
easat-7442	383	2	https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-04-2024-0114	https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-04-2024-0114	PROPN
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easat-7442	383	4	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123406	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123406	PROPN
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easat-7442	383	10	https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052207	https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052207	X
easat-7442	383	11	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111761	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111761	PROPN
easat-7442	383	12	https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-2397	https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-2397	ADP
easat-7442	383	13	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102599	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102599	ADJ
easat-7442	383	14	https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v17n1p49	https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v17n1p49	ADJ
easat-7442	383	15	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.015	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.015	NOUN