id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-7944	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	2	5	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	2	7	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	2	9	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-7944	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7944	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-7944	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	2	17	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	2	18	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	2	19	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	2	20	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	2	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	2	22	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	2	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	2	24	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	2	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7944	2	26	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7944	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-7944	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-7944	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	14	27	27	NUM
easat-7944	3	15	march	march	NOUN
easat-7944	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-7944	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	20	26	26	NUM
easat-7944	3	21	may	may	PROPN
easat-7944	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-7944	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	26	29	29	NUM
easat-7944	3	27	may	may	PROPN
easat-7944	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-7944	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	32	10	10	NUM
easat-7944	3	33	june	june	PROPN
easat-7944	3	34	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	3	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-7944	3	36	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-7944	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	4	1	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	X
easat-7944	4	2	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	4	3	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	4	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	4	5	organised	organise	VERB
easat-7944	4	6	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	4	7	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	4	8	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	4	9	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	4	10	’s	’s	PART
easat-7944	4	11	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	4	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	4	13	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	4	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	4	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	4	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	4	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	4	18	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	4	19	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	4	20	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	4	21	shingirai	shingirai	VERB
easat-7944	4	22	mugambiwa1	mugambiwa1	PROPN
easat-7944	4	23	*	*	NOUN
easat-7944	4	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	4	25	kholofelo	kholofelo	NOUN
easat-7944	4	26	rakubu2	rakubu2	PROPN
easat-7944	5	1	1,2department	1,2department	NUM
easat-7944	5	2	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	5	3	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	5	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	5	5	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-7944	5	6	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7944	5	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	5	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	5	9	tshwane	tshwane	NOUN
easat-7944	5	10	university	university	NOUN
easat-7944	5	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	5	12	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	5	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	5	14	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	5	15	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	5	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	6	1	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	mugambiwashingirai@gmail.com	PROPN
easat-7944	6	2	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	6	3	s.m	s.m	PROPN
easat-7944	6	4	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	6	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	6	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	7	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
easat-7944	7	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	7	3	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	7	4	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	7	5	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	7	6	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	7	7	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	7	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	7	9	protecting	protect	VERB
easat-7944	7	10	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	7	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	7	12	providing	provide	VERB
easat-7944	7	13	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	7	14	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	7	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	7	16	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
easat-7944	7	17	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	7	18	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-7944	7	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	8	1	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	8	2	face	face	VERB
easat-7944	8	3	a	a	DET
easat-7944	8	4	plethora	plethora	NOUN
easat-7944	8	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	8	6	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	8	7	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	8	8	organized	organized	ADJ
easat-7944	8	9	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	8	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	8	11	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	8	12	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	8	13	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	8	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	8	15	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
easat-7944	8	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	8	18	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	8	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	8	20	illicit	illicit	ADJ
easat-7944	8	21	goods	good	NOUN
easat-7944	8	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	8	23	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	8	24	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	8	25	serious	serious	ADJ
easat-7944	8	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	8	27	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	8	28	any	any	DET
easat-7944	8	29	country	country	NOUN
easat-7944	8	30	's	's	PART
easat-7944	8	31	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	8	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	8	33	independence	independence	NOUN
easat-7944	8	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	8	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	8	36	hence	hence	ADV
easat-7944	8	37	the	the	DET
easat-7944	8	38	need	need	NOUN
easat-7944	8	39	to	to	PART
easat-7944	8	40	deal	deal	VERB
easat-7944	8	41	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	8	42	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	8	43	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	8	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	9	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	9	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	9	3	seeks	seek	VERB
easat-7944	9	4	to	to	PART
easat-7944	9	5	examine	examine	VERB
easat-7944	9	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	9	7	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	9	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	9	9	patrol	patrol	NOUN
easat-7944	9	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	9	11	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	9	12	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	9	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	9	14	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-7944	9	15	largely	largely	ADV
easat-7944	9	16	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	9	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	9	18	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-7944	9	19	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	9	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	9	21	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	9	22	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	9	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	9	24	transnational	transnational	ADJ
easat-7944	9	25	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	9	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	10	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	10	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	10	3	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-7944	10	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	10	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-7944	10	6	desktop	desktop	NOUN
easat-7944	10	7	method	method	NOUN
easat-7944	10	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	10	9	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
easat-7944	10	10	design	design	NOUN
easat-7944	10	11	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	10	12	examining	examine	VERB
easat-7944	10	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	10	14	existing	exist	VERB
easat-7944	10	15	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-7944	10	16	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	10	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	10	18	topic	topic	NOUN
easat-7944	10	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	11	1	a	a	DET
easat-7944	11	2	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	11	3	content	content	NOUN
easat-7944	11	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7944	11	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	11	6	twenty	twenty	NUM
easat-7944	11	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	11	8	20	20	NUM
easat-7944	11	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	11	10	peerreviewed	peerreviewe	VERB
easat-7944	11	11	articles	article	NOUN
easat-7944	11	12	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	11	13	were	be	AUX
easat-7944	11	14	deemed	deem	VERB
easat-7944	11	15	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
easat-7944	11	16	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	11	17	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	11	18	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	11	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	11	20	organized	organize	VERB
easat-7944	11	21	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	11	22	within	within	ADP
easat-7944	11	23	the	the	DET
easat-7944	11	24	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7944	11	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	11	26	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	11	27	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	11	28	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	11	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	11	30	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	11	31	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	11	32	employed	employ	VERB
easat-7944	11	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	12	1	a	a	DET
easat-7944	12	2	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-7944	12	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7944	12	4	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	12	5	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	12	6	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-7944	12	7	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	12	8	categorizing	categorize	VERB
easat-7944	12	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	12	10	articles	article	NOUN
easat-7944	12	11	according	accord	VERB
easat-7944	12	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	12	13	shared	share	VERB
easat-7944	12	14	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-7944	12	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	12	16	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-7944	12	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	13	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	13	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	13	3	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-7944	13	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	13	5	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-7944	13	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	13	7	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-7944	13	8	adaptable	adaptable	ADJ
easat-7944	13	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	13	10	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	13	11	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	13	12	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	13	13	include	include	VERB
easat-7944	13	14	high	high	ADJ
easat-7944	13	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	13	16	tech	tech	NOUN
easat-7944	13	17	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	13	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	13	19	joint	joint	ADJ
easat-7944	13	20	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-7944	13	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	13	22	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	13	23	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	13	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	13	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	13	26	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-7944	13	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	13	28	surrounding	surround	VERB
easat-7944	13	29	populations	population	NOUN
easat-7944	13	30	to	to	PART
easat-7944	13	31	increase	increase	VERB
easat-7944	13	32	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	13	33	assurances	assurance	NOUN
easat-7944	13	34	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	13	35	the	the	DET
easat-7944	13	36	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	13	37	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	13	38	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	13	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	14	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	14	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	14	3	outlines	outline	VERB
easat-7944	14	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	14	5	need	need	NOUN
easat-7944	14	6	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	14	7	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	14	8	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-7944	14	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	14	10	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	14	11	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	14	12	should	should	AUX
easat-7944	14	13	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	14	14	put	put	VERB
easat-7944	14	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	14	16	place	place	NOUN
easat-7944	14	17	to	to	PART
easat-7944	14	18	fight	fight	VERB
easat-7944	14	19	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	14	20	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	14	21	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7944	14	22	globalization	globalization	NOUN
easat-7944	14	23	presents	present	VERB
easat-7944	14	24	more	more	ADJ
easat-7944	14	25	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	14	26	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	14	27	need	need	VERB
easat-7944	14	28	to	to	PART
easat-7944	14	29	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	14	30	tackled	tackle	VERB
easat-7944	14	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	15	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-7944	15	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	15	3	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	15	4	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	15	5	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	15	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	15	7	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	15	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	15	9	organised	organised	ADJ
easat-7944	15	10	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	15	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	15	12	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	15	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	15	14	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	15	15	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	15	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	16	1	1	1	X
easat-7944	16	2	.	.	X
easat-7944	16	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-7944	16	4	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	16	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	16	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	16	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	16	8	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	16	9	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	16	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-7944	16	11	public	public	ADJ
easat-7944	16	12	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-7944	16	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	16	14	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-7944	16	15	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	16	16	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-7944	16	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	16	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	16	19	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
easat-7944	16	20	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	16	21	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	16	22	[	[	X
easat-7944	16	23	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	16	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	16	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	17	1	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	17	2	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	17	3	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	17	4	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	17	5	drug	drug	NOUN
easat-7944	17	6	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	17	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	17	8	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	17	9	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	17	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	17	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	17	12	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
easat-7944	17	13	pose	pose	VERB
easat-7944	17	14	a	a	DET
easat-7944	17	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	17	16	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	17	17	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	17	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	17	19	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-7944	17	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	17	21	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
easat-7944	17	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	17	23	a	a	DET
easat-7944	17	24	country	country	NOUN
easat-7944	17	25	[	[	X
easat-7944	17	26	2	2	NUM
easat-7944	17	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	17	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	18	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-7944	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	18	3	the	the	DET
easat-7944	18	4	upkeep	upkeep	NOUN
easat-7944	18	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	18	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	18	7	checkpoints	checkpoint	NOUN
easat-7944	18	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	18	9	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7944	18	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	18	11	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	18	12	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-7944	18	13	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-7944	18	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	18	15	productive	productive	ADJ
easat-7944	18	16	mobility	mobility	NOUN
easat-7944	18	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	19	1	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	19	2	is	be	VERB
easat-7944	19	3	a	a	DET
easat-7944	19	4	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-7944	19	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
easat-7944	19	6	between	between	ADP
easat-7944	19	7	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	19	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	19	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	19	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	19	11	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
easat-7944	19	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	19	13	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7944	19	14	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	19	15	border	border	ADJ
easat-7944	19	16	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-7944	19	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	19	18	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	19	19	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	19	20	a	a	DET
easat-7944	19	21	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	19	22	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-7944	19	23	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	19	24	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	19	25	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	19	26	[	[	X
easat-7944	19	27	3	3	NUM
easat-7944	19	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	19	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	20	1	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-7944	20	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7944	20	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	20	4	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	20	5	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	20	6	protocols	protocol	NOUN
easat-7944	20	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	20	8	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7944	20	9	to	to	PART
easat-7944	20	10	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
easat-7944	20	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	20	12	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	20	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	20	14	being	being	NOUN
easat-7944	20	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	20	16	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	20	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	20	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	20	19	country	country	NOUN
easat-7944	20	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	21	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	21	2	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	21	3	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	21	4	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	21	5	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	21	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	21	7	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	21	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	21	9	being	being	NOUN
easat-7944	21	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	21	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	21	12	population	population	NOUN
easat-7944	21	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	21	14	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	21	15	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-7944	21	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	22	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	22	2	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-7944	22	3	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	22	4	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	22	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	22	6	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	22	7	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-7944	22	8	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	22	9	greatly	greatly	ADV
easat-7944	22	10	risen	rise	VERB
easat-7944	22	11	due	due	ADP
easat-7944	22	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	22	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	22	14	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7944	22	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	22	16	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	22	17	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	22	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	22	19	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	22	20	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-7944	22	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	22	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	22	23	social	social	ADJ
easat-7944	22	24	safeguarding	safeguarding	NOUN
easat-7944	22	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	23	1	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	23	2	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	23	3	's	's	PART
easat-7944	23	4	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	23	5	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	23	6	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	23	7	influenced	influence	VERB
easat-7944	23	8	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	23	9	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-7944	23	10	elements	element	NOUN
easat-7944	23	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	23	12	including	include	VERB
easat-7944	23	13	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	23	14	geography	geography	NOUN
easat-7944	23	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	23	16	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-7944	23	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	23	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	23	19	politics	politic	NOUN
easat-7944	23	20	[	[	X
easat-7944	23	21	4	4	NUM
easat-7944	23	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	23	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	1	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	24	2	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	24	3	's	's	PART
easat-7944	24	4	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-7944	24	5	land	land	NOUN
easat-7944	24	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	24	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	24	8	shared	share	VERB
easat-7944	24	9	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	24	10	six	six	NUM
easat-7944	24	11	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	24	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	13	botswana	botswana	PROPN
easat-7944	24	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	15	mozambique	mozambique	PROPN
easat-7944	24	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	17	namibia	namibia	PROPN
easat-7944	24	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	19	eswatini	eswatini	PROPN
easat-7944	24	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	21	zimbabwe	zimbabwe	NOUN
easat-7944	24	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	24	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	24	24	lesotho	lesotho	PROPN
easat-7944	24	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	25	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	25	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	25	3	owing	owe	VERB
easat-7944	25	4	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	25	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	25	6	irregular	irregular	ADJ
easat-7944	25	7	corners	corner	NOUN
easat-7944	25	8	created	create	VERB
easat-7944	25	9	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	25	10	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	25	11	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	25	12	's	's	PART
easat-7944	25	13	huge	huge	ADJ
easat-7944	25	14	surface	surface	NOUN
easat-7944	25	15	area	area	NOUN
easat-7944	25	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	26	1	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	26	2	crossings	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	26	3	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	26	4	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	26	5	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	26	6	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	26	7	intolerable	intolerable	ADJ
easat-7944	26	8	due	due	ADP
easat-7944	26	9	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	26	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	26	11	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
easat-7944	26	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	26	13	transnational	transnational	ADJ
easat-7944	26	14	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	26	15	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	26	16	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	26	17	drug	drug	NOUN
easat-7944	26	18	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	26	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	26	20	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	26	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	26	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	26	23	arms	arm	NOUN
easat-7944	26	24	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-7944	26	25	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	26	26	these	these	DET
easat-7944	26	27	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7944	26	28	[	[	X
easat-7944	26	29	3	3	NUM
easat-7944	26	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	26	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	27	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	27	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-7944	27	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	27	4	these	these	DET
easat-7944	27	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	27	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	27	7	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	27	8	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-7944	27	9	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	27	10	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	27	11	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-7944	27	12	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	27	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	27	14	academics	academic	NOUN
easat-7944	27	15	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	27	16	being	be	AUX
easat-7944	27	17	part	part	NOUN
easat-7944	27	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	27	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	27	20	static	static	ADJ
easat-7944	27	21	centralist	centralist	ADJ
easat-7944	27	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-7944	27	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	27	24	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	27	25	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-7944	27	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	27	27	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	27	28	[	[	X
easat-7944	27	29	3	3	NUM
easat-7944	27	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	27	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	28	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	28	2	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
easat-7944	28	3	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-7944	28	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	28	5	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	28	6	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	28	7	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	28	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7944	28	9	increased	increase	VERB
easat-7944	28	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	28	11	leading	lead	VERB
easat-7944	28	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	28	13	a	a	DET
easat-7944	28	14	widening	widen	VERB
easat-7944	28	15	pay	pay	NOUN
easat-7944	28	16	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-7944	28	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	28	18	society	society	NOUN
easat-7944	28	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	29	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	29	2	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	29	3	had	have	VERB
easat-7944	29	4	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-3594	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-3594	PROPN
easat-7944	29	5	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-3141	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-3141	PROPN
easat-7944	29	6	777	777	NUM
easat-7944	29	7	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	29	8	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	29	9	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	29	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	29	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	29	12	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	29	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	29	14	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	29	15	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	29	16	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	29	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	29	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	30	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	30	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	30	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	31	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	31	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	31	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	31	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	31	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	31	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	31	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	31	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	31	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	31	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	31	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	31	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	31	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	31	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	31	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	31	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	31	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	31	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7944	31	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-7944	31	20	a	a	DET
easat-7944	31	21	rippling	ripple	VERB
easat-7944	31	22	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-7944	31	23	not	not	PART
easat-7944	31	24	just	just	ADV
easat-7944	31	25	inside	inside	ADP
easat-7944	31	26	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	31	27	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	31	28	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7944	31	29	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	31	30	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	31	31	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
easat-7944	31	32	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	32	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	32	2	2	2	NUM
easat-7944	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	32	4	3	3	NUM
easat-7944	32	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	32	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	33	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	33	2	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
easat-7944	33	3	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	33	4	created	create	VERB
easat-7944	33	5	an	an	DET
easat-7944	33	6	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN
easat-7944	33	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	33	8	distrust	distrust	NOUN
easat-7944	33	9	towards	towards	ADP
easat-7944	33	10	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	33	11	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	33	12	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	33	14	rendering	render	VERB
easat-7944	33	15	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	33	16	unable	unable	ADJ
easat-7944	33	17	to	to	PART
easat-7944	33	18	build	build	VERB
easat-7944	33	19	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	33	20	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	33	21	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	33	22	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	33	23	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	33	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	34	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7944	34	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	34	3	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	34	4	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	34	5	clarified	clarify	VERB
easat-7944	34	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	34	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	34	8	establishment	establishment	NOUN
easat-7944	34	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	34	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	34	11	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	34	12	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	34	13	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	34	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	34	15	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	34	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	34	17	aims	aim	VERB
easat-7944	34	18	to	to	PART
easat-7944	34	19	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	34	20	the	the	DET
easat-7944	34	21	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-7944	34	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	34	23	consolidation	consolidation	NOUN
easat-7944	34	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	34	25	the	the	DET
easat-7944	34	26	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	34	27	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	34	28	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7944	34	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	35	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	35	2	creation	creation	NOUN
easat-7944	35	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	35	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	35	5	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	35	6	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-7944	35	7	to	to	PART
easat-7944	35	8	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	35	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	35	10	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	35	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	35	12	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	35	13	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	35	14	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	35	15	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	35	16	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	35	17	's	's	PART
easat-7944	35	18	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	35	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	35	20	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	35	21	[	[	X
easat-7944	35	22	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	35	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	35	24	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7944	35	25	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	35	26	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	35	27	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7944	35	28	to	to	PART
easat-7944	35	29	get	get	VERB
easat-7944	35	30	an	an	DET
easat-7944	35	31	agreement	agreement	NOUN
easat-7944	35	32	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	35	33	the	the	DET
easat-7944	35	34	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	35	35	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-7944	35	36	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	35	37	making	make	VERB
easat-7944	35	38	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-7944	35	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	35	40	as	as	ADV
easat-7944	35	41	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	35	42	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	35	43	having	have	VERB
easat-7944	35	44	a	a	DET
easat-7944	35	45	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-7944	35	46	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
easat-7944	35	47	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	35	48	the	the	DET
easat-7944	35	49	present	present	ADJ
easat-7944	35	50	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-7944	35	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	36	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-7944	36	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	36	3	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	36	4	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	36	5	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	36	6	determined	determine	VERB
easat-7944	36	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	36	8	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	36	9	are	be	VERB
easat-7944	36	10	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7944	36	11	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-7944	36	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	36	13	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-7944	36	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	36	15	social	social	ADJ
easat-7944	36	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	36	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	36	18	political	political	ADJ
easat-7944	36	19	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-7944	36	20	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	36	21	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-7944	36	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	36	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-7944	36	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	36	25	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	36	26	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	37	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	37	2	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	37	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	37	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	38	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	38	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	38	3	examines	examine	VERB
easat-7944	38	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	38	5	most	most	ADV
easat-7944	38	6	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	38	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7944	38	8	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	38	9	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	38	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	38	11	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	38	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	38	13	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	38	14	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-7944	38	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	38	16	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7944	38	17	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	38	18	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-7944	38	19	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	38	20	viable	viable	ADJ
easat-7944	38	21	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
easat-7944	38	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	39	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	39	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	39	3	assesses	assess	VERB
easat-7944	39	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	39	5	effects	effect	NOUN
easat-7944	39	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	39	7	different	different	ADJ
easat-7944	39	8	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	39	9	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	39	10	tactics	tactic	NOUN
easat-7944	39	11	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	39	12	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	39	13	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	39	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	39	15	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	39	16	well	well	NOUN
easat-7944	39	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	39	18	being	being	NOUN
easat-7944	39	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	39	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	39	21	public	public	ADJ
easat-7944	39	22	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-7944	39	23	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	39	24	the	the	DET
easat-7944	39	25	government	government	NOUN
easat-7944	39	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	40	1	2	2	X
easat-7944	40	2	.	.	X
easat-7944	40	3	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-7944	40	4	background	background	NOUN
easat-7944	40	5	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	40	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	40	7	country	country	NOUN
easat-7944	40	8	’s	’s	PART
easat-7944	40	9	history	history	NOUN
easat-7944	40	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	40	11	oppressive	oppressive	ADJ
easat-7944	40	12	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
easat-7944	40	13	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-7944	40	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	40	15	the	the	DET
easat-7944	40	16	workings	working	NOUN
easat-7944	40	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	40	18	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	40	19	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	40	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	40	21	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	40	22	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	40	23	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	40	24	substantially	substantially	ADV
easat-7944	40	25	changed	change	VERB
easat-7944	40	26	over	over	ADP
easat-7944	40	27	the	the	DET
easat-7944	40	28	years	year	NOUN
easat-7944	40	29	[	[	X
easat-7944	40	30	7	7	NUM
easat-7944	40	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	40	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	41	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	41	2	instance	instance	NOUN
easat-7944	41	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	41	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	41	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	41	6	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
easat-7944	41	7	era	era	NOUN
easat-7944	41	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	41	9	policing	police	VERB
easat-7944	41	10	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	41	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	41	12	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	41	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	41	14	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	41	15	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	41	16	first	first	ADV
easat-7944	41	17	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-7944	41	18	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	41	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	41	20	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-7944	41	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	41	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	41	23	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	41	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	41	25	black	black	ADJ
easat-7944	41	26	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	41	27	to	to	PART
easat-7944	41	28	prevent	prevent	VERB
easat-7944	41	29	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	41	30	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	41	31	escaping	escape	VERB
easat-7944	41	32	the	the	DET
easat-7944	41	33	country	country	NOUN
easat-7944	41	34	[	[	X
easat-7944	41	35	8	8	NUM
easat-7944	41	36	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	41	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	42	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	42	2	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	42	3	made	make	VERB
easat-7944	42	4	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-7944	42	5	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	42	6	looking	look	VERB
easat-7944	42	7	up	up	ADP
easat-7944	42	8	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	42	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	42	10	state	state	NOUN
easat-7944	42	11	's	's	PART
easat-7944	42	12	level	level	NOUN
easat-7944	42	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	42	14	brutality	brutality	NOUN
easat-7944	42	15	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	42	16	sought	seek	VERB
easat-7944	42	17	to	to	PART
easat-7944	42	18	control	control	VERB
easat-7944	42	19	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	42	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	42	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	42	22	calculated	calculate	VERB
easat-7944	42	23	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	42	24	intended	intend	VERB
easat-7944	42	25	to	to	PART
easat-7944	42	26	separate	separate	VERB
easat-7944	42	27	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	42	28	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	42	29	each	each	DET
easat-7944	42	30	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	42	31	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7944	42	32	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	42	33	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	42	34	race	race	NOUN
easat-7944	42	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	43	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	43	2	could	could	AUX
easat-7944	43	3	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	43	4	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-7944	43	5	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	43	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	43	7	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-7944	43	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	43	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	43	10	armed	armed	ADJ
easat-7944	43	11	forces	force	NOUN
easat-7944	43	12	kept	keep	VERB
easat-7944	43	13	manning	man	VERB
easat-7944	43	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	43	15	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	43	16	to	to	PART
easat-7944	43	17	locate	locate	VERB
easat-7944	43	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	43	19	keep	keep	VERB
easat-7944	43	20	track	track	NOUN
easat-7944	43	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	43	22	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-7944	43	23	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	43	24	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	43	25	the	the	DET
easat-7944	43	26	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
easat-7944	43	27	regime	regime	NOUN
easat-7944	43	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	44	1	apart	apart	ADV
easat-7944	44	2	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	44	3	the	the	DET
easat-7944	44	4	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-7944	44	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	44	6	electric	electric	ADJ
easat-7944	44	7	fencing	fencing	NOUN
easat-7944	44	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	44	9	several	several	ADJ
easat-7944	44	10	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	44	11	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	44	12	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	44	13	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	44	14	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	44	15	checkpoints	checkpoint	NOUN
easat-7944	44	16	were	be	AUX
easat-7944	44	17	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	44	18	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-7944	44	19	[	[	PUNCT
easat-7944	44	20	7	7	NUM
easat-7944	44	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	44	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	45	1	rigid	rigid	ADJ
easat-7944	45	2	defence	defence	NOUN
easat-7944	45	3	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-7944	45	4	began	begin	VERB
easat-7944	45	5	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-7944	45	6	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	45	7	this	this	DET
easat-7944	45	8	point	point	NOUN
easat-7944	45	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	46	1	instead	instead	ADV
easat-7944	46	2	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	46	3	easing	ease	VERB
easat-7944	46	4	up	up	ADP
easat-7944	46	5	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	46	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	46	7	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	46	8	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	46	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	46	10	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	46	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	46	12	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-7944	46	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	46	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	46	15	regime	regime	NOUN
easat-7944	46	16	empowered	empower	VERB
easat-7944	46	17	itself	itself	PRON
easat-7944	46	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	46	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	46	20	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-7944	46	21	instead	instead	ADV
easat-7944	46	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	46	23	seeking	seek	VERB
easat-7944	46	24	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	46	25	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	46	26	once	once	ADV
easat-7944	46	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	47	1	postapartheid	postapartheid	PROPN
easat-7944	47	2	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	47	3	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	47	4	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	47	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	47	6	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	47	7	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-7944	47	8	changed	change	VERB
easat-7944	47	9	quite	quite	DET
easat-7944	47	10	a	a	DET
easat-7944	47	11	lot	lot	NOUN
easat-7944	47	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	47	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	47	14	years	year	NOUN
easat-7944	47	15	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	47	16	followed	follow	VERB
easat-7944	47	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	47	18	end	end	NOUN
easat-7944	47	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	47	20	the	the	DET
easat-7944	47	21	apartheid	apartheid	NOUN
easat-7944	47	22	regime	regime	NOUN
easat-7944	47	23	[	[	X
easat-7944	47	24	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	47	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	47	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	48	1	adepoju	adepoju	PROPN
easat-7944	49	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	49	2	10	10	NUM
easat-7944	49	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	49	4	states	state	VERB
easat-7944	49	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	49	6	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	49	7	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	49	8	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	49	9	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	49	10	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	49	11	moved	move	VERB
easat-7944	49	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	49	13	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	49	14	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	49	15	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7944	49	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	49	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	49	18	new	new	ADJ
easat-7944	49	19	democracy	democracy	NOUN
easat-7944	49	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	49	21	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	49	22	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7944	49	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	49	24	the	the	DET
easat-7944	49	25	many	many	ADJ
easat-7944	49	26	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
easat-7944	49	27	wars	war	NOUN
easat-7944	49	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	49	29	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-7944	49	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	49	31	bad	bad	ADJ
easat-7944	49	32	politics	politic	NOUN
easat-7944	49	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	49	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	49	35	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	49	36	depression	depression	NOUN
easat-7944	49	37	back	back	ADV
easat-7944	49	38	home	home	ADV
easat-7944	49	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	50	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	50	2	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	50	3	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	50	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	50	5	time	time	NOUN
easat-7944	50	6	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7944	50	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	50	8	new	new	ADJ
easat-7944	50	9	democratic	democratic	ADJ
easat-7944	50	10	administration	administration	PROPN
easat-7944	50	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	50	12	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	50	13	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	50	14	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	50	15	trying	try	VERB
easat-7944	50	16	to	to	PART
easat-7944	50	17	reconnect	reconnect	VERB
easat-7944	50	18	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	50	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	50	20	rest	rest	NOUN
easat-7944	50	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	50	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	50	23	world	world	NOUN
easat-7944	50	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	50	25	promote	promote	VERB
easat-7944	50	26	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	50	27	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	50	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	51	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	51	2	formation	formation	NOUN
easat-7944	51	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	51	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	51	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	51	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	51	7	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	51	8	[	[	X
easat-7944	51	9	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	51	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	51	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	51	12	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	51	13	a	a	DET
easat-7944	51	14	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ
easat-7944	51	15	progressive	progressive	ADJ
easat-7944	51	16	step	step	NOUN
easat-7944	51	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	51	18	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	51	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	51	20	improving	improve	VERB
easat-7944	51	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	51	22	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	51	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	51	24	system	system	NOUN
easat-7944	51	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	52	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	52	2	establishment	establishment	NOUN
easat-7944	52	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	52	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	52	5	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	52	6	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	52	7	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7944	52	8	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	52	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	52	10	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-7944	52	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	52	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	52	13	urgent	urgent	ADJ
easat-7944	52	14	requirement	requirement	NOUN
easat-7944	52	15	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	52	16	active	active	ADJ
easat-7944	52	17	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-7944	52	18	[	[	X
easat-7944	52	19	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	52	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	52	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	53	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7944	53	2	commendable	commendable	ADJ
easat-7944	53	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	53	4	directing	direct	VERB
easat-7944	53	5	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-7944	53	6	just	just	ADV
easat-7944	53	7	toward	toward	ADP
easat-7944	53	8	establishing	establish	VERB
easat-7944	53	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	53	10	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	53	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	53	12	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
easat-7944	53	13	to	to	PART
easat-7944	53	14	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	53	15	address	address	VERB
easat-7944	53	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	53	17	immigration	immigration	NOUN
easat-7944	53	18	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	53	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	53	20	the	the	DET
easat-7944	53	21	related	relate	VERB
easat-7944	53	22	crossborder	crossborder	NOUN
easat-7944	53	23	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-7944	53	24	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	53	25	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	53	26	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	53	27	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	53	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	54	1	to	to	PART
easat-7944	54	2	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	54	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	54	4	coordinate	coordinate	VERB
easat-7944	54	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	54	6	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	54	7	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	54	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	54	9	all	all	DET
easat-7944	54	10	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-7944	54	11	departments	department	NOUN
easat-7944	54	12	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	54	13	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	54	14	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
easat-7944	54	15	under	under	ADP
easat-7944	54	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	54	17	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	54	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	54	19	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	55	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	55	2	11	11	NUM
easat-7944	55	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	55	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	56	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	56	2	services	service	NOUN
easat-7944	56	3	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-7944	56	4	immigration	immigration	NOUN
easat-7944	56	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	56	6	customs	custom	NOUN
easat-7944	56	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	56	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	56	9	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	56	10	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	56	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	57	1	during	during	ADP
easat-7944	57	2	this	this	DET
easat-7944	57	3	period	period	NOUN
easat-7944	57	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	57	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	57	6	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-7944	57	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	57	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	57	9	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	57	10	managing	manage	VERB
easat-7944	57	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	57	12	controlling	control	VERB
easat-7944	57	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-7944	57	14	were	be	AUX
easat-7944	57	15	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-7944	57	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	58	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	58	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-7944	58	3	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	58	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	58	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	58	6	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	58	7	's	's	PART
easat-7944	58	8	establishment	establishment	NOUN
easat-7944	58	9	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	58	10	to	to	PART
easat-7944	58	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	58	12	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	58	13	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	58	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	58	15	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	58	16	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-7944	58	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	58	18	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	58	19	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	58	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	59	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	59	2	main	main	ADJ
easat-7944	59	3	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	59	4	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	59	5	to	to	PART
easat-7944	59	6	establish	establish	VERB
easat-7944	59	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	59	8	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	59	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	59	10	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	59	11	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-7944	59	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	59	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	59	14	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	59	15	the	the	DET
easat-7944	59	16	unrestricted	unrestricted	ADJ
easat-7944	59	17	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7944	59	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	59	19	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	59	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	59	21	products	product	NOUN
easat-7944	59	22	[	[	X
easat-7944	59	23	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	59	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	59	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	60	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	60	2	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	60	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	60	4	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	60	5	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	60	6	driven	drive	VERB
easat-7944	60	7	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	60	8	the	the	DET
easat-7944	60	9	need	need	NOUN
easat-7944	60	10	to	to	PART
easat-7944	60	11	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7944	60	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	60	13	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-7944	60	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	60	15	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7944	60	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	60	17	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	60	18	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	60	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	60	20	streamline	streamline	VERB
easat-7944	60	21	administrative	administrative	ADJ
easat-7944	60	22	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-7944	60	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	60	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	60	25	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	60	26	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-7944	60	27	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	60	28	taking	take	VERB
easat-7944	60	29	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-7944	60	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	60	31	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-7944	60	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	60	33	addressing	address	VERB
easat-7944	60	34	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-7944	60	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	61	1	3	3	X
easat-7944	61	2	.	.	X
easat-7944	61	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-7944	61	4	review	review	PROPN
easat-7944	61	5	although	although	SCONJ
easat-7944	61	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	61	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	61	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	61	9	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-7944	61	10	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	61	11	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	61	12	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7944	61	13	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	61	14	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-7944	61	15	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-7944	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	61	17	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	61	18	is	be	VERB
easat-7944	61	19	a	a	DET
easat-7944	61	20	growing	grow	VERB
easat-7944	61	21	need	need	NOUN
easat-7944	61	22	for	for	SCONJ
easat-7944	61	23	scholars	scholar	NOUN
easat-7944	61	24	to	to	PART
easat-7944	61	25	focus	focus	VERB
easat-7944	61	26	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	61	27	the	the	DET
easat-7944	61	28	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-7944	61	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	61	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	61	31	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
easat-7944	61	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	61	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	62	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	62	2	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7944	62	3	experience	experience	VERB
easat-7944	62	4	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	62	5	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-7944	62	6	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	62	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	62	8	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-7944	62	9	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	62	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	62	11	social	social	ADJ
easat-7944	62	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	62	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	62	14	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-7944	62	15	interdependencies	interdependency	NOUN
easat-7944	62	16	[	[	X
easat-7944	62	17	12	12	NUM
easat-7944	62	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	62	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	63	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-7944	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	63	3	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	63	4	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-7944	63	5	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	63	6	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	63	7	made	make	VERB
easat-7944	63	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	63	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	63	10	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	63	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	64	1	hoff	hoff	PROPN
easat-7944	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	64	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-7944	64	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-7944	64	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	65	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	65	2	13	13	NUM
easat-7944	65	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	65	4	assert	assert	VERB
easat-7944	65	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	65	6	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	65	7	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	65	8	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	65	9	a	a	DET
easat-7944	65	10	trend	trend	NOUN
easat-7944	65	11	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7944	65	12	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	65	13	778	778	NUM
easat-7944	65	14	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	65	15	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	65	16	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	65	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	65	18	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	65	19	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	65	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	65	21	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	65	22	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	65	23	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	65	24	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	65	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	66	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	66	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	66	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	67	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	67	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	67	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	67	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	67	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	67	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	67	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	67	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	67	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	67	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	67	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	67	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	67	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	67	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	67	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	67	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	67	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	67	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7944	67	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	67	20	towns	town	NOUN
easat-7944	67	21	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	67	22	not	not	PART
easat-7944	67	23	only	only	ADV
easat-7944	67	24	seen	see	VERB
easat-7944	67	25	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	67	26	recipients	recipient	NOUN
easat-7944	67	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	67	28	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	67	29	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-7944	67	30	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7944	67	31	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	67	32	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	67	33	active	active	ADJ
easat-7944	67	34	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-7944	67	35	who	who	PRON
easat-7944	67	36	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	67	37	influence	influence	VERB
easat-7944	67	38	political	political	ADJ
easat-7944	67	39	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	67	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	68	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	68	2	the	the	DET
easat-7944	68	3	past	past	NOUN
easat-7944	68	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	68	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	68	6	theories	theory	NOUN
easat-7944	68	7	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	68	8	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-7944	68	9	examined	examine	VERB
easat-7944	68	10	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	68	11	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	68	12	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-7944	68	13	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-7944	68	14	rather	rather	ADV
easat-7944	68	15	than	than	ADP
easat-7944	68	16	emphasising	emphasise	VERB
easat-7944	68	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	68	18	state	state	NOUN
easat-7944	68	19	's	's	PART
easat-7944	68	20	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	68	21	over	over	ADP
easat-7944	68	22	access	access	NOUN
easat-7944	68	23	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	68	24	these	these	DET
easat-7944	68	25	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-7944	68	26	[	[	X
easat-7944	68	27	12	12	NUM
easat-7944	68	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	68	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	69	1	conventional	conventional	ADJ
easat-7944	69	2	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	69	3	studies	study	NOUN
easat-7944	69	4	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	69	5	focused	focus	VERB
easat-7944	69	6	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	69	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	69	8	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7944	69	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	69	10	timeframes	timeframe	NOUN
easat-7944	69	11	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7944	69	12	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	69	13	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-7944	69	14	actions	action	NOUN
easat-7944	69	15	once	once	SCONJ
easat-7944	69	16	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	69	17	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	69	18	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	69	19	established	establish	VERB
easat-7944	69	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	70	1	they	they	PRON
easat-7944	70	2	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	70	3	examine	examine	VERB
easat-7944	70	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	70	5	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-7944	70	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	70	7	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-7944	70	8	between	between	ADP
easat-7944	70	9	politically	politically	ADV
easat-7944	70	10	organised	organise	VERB
easat-7944	70	11	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-7944	70	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	70	13	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	70	14	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-7944	70	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	70	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	70	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	70	18	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	70	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	70	20	political	political	ADJ
easat-7944	70	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	70	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	70	23	military	military	ADJ
easat-7944	70	24	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-7944	70	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	70	26	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	70	27	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-7944	70	28	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-7944	70	29	[	[	X
easat-7944	70	30	14	14	NUM
easat-7944	70	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	70	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	71	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	71	2	delays	delay	NOUN
easat-7944	71	3	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	71	4	generating	generate	VERB
easat-7944	71	5	immigration	immigration	NOUN
easat-7944	71	6	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-7944	71	7	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	71	8	different	different	ADJ
easat-7944	71	9	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	71	10	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	71	11	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	71	12	caused	cause	VERB
easat-7944	71	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	71	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	71	15	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-7944	71	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-7944	71	17	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	71	18	documenting	document	VERB
easat-7944	71	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	71	20	residents	resident	NOUN
easat-7944	71	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	71	22	these	these	DET
easat-7944	71	23	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	71	24	[	[	X
easat-7944	71	25	15	15	NUM
easat-7944	71	26	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	71	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	72	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	72	2	advent	advent	NOUN
easat-7944	72	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	72	4	modernity	modernity	NOUN
easat-7944	72	5	gives	give	VERB
easat-7944	72	6	rise	rise	NOUN
easat-7944	72	7	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	72	8	a	a	DET
easat-7944	72	9	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-7944	72	10	form	form	NOUN
easat-7944	72	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	72	12	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-7944	72	13	hegemony	hegemony	NOUN
easat-7944	72	14	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	72	15	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	72	16	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	72	17	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-7944	72	18	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	72	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	72	20	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
easat-7944	72	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	72	22	globalisation	globalisation	NOUN
easat-7944	72	23	[	[	X
easat-7944	72	24	7	7	NUM
easat-7944	72	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	72	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	73	1	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	73	2	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	73	3	refers	refer	VERB
easat-7944	73	4	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	73	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	73	6	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	73	7	used	use	VERB
easat-7944	73	8	to	to	PART
easat-7944	73	9	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
easat-7944	73	10	a	a	DET
easat-7944	73	11	state	state	NOUN
easat-7944	73	12	's	's	PART
easat-7944	73	13	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
easat-7944	73	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	73	15	protect	protect	VERB
easat-7944	73	16	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	73	17	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	73	18	interests	interest	NOUN
easat-7944	73	19	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	73	20	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	73	21	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-7944	73	22	[	[	X
easat-7944	73	23	16	16	NUM
easat-7944	73	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	73	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	74	1	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-7944	74	2	the	the	DET
easat-7944	74	3	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-7944	74	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	74	5	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	74	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	74	7	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-7944	74	8	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	74	9	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	74	10	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	74	11	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-7944	74	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	74	13	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-7944	74	14	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	74	15	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
easat-7944	74	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	74	17	value	value	VERB
easat-7944	74	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	74	19	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-7944	74	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	74	21	having	have	VERB
easat-7944	74	22	safe	safe	ADJ
easat-7944	74	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	74	24	protected	protected	ADJ
easat-7944	74	25	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	74	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	75	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7944	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	75	3	only	only	ADV
easat-7944	75	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	75	5	small	small	ADJ
easat-7944	75	6	number	number	NOUN
easat-7944	75	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	75	8	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	75	9	put	put	VERB
easat-7944	75	10	into	into	ADP
easat-7944	75	11	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-7944	75	12	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	75	13	to	to	PART
easat-7944	75	14	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7944	75	15	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	75	16	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	75	17	[	[	X
easat-7944	75	18	15	15	NUM
easat-7944	75	19	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	75	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	76	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	76	2	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-7944	76	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	76	4	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-7944	76	5	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	76	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	76	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	76	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	76	9	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-7944	76	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	76	11	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	76	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	76	13	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	76	14	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-7944	76	15	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	76	16	resulted	result	VERB
easat-7944	76	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	76	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	76	19	rise	rise	NOUN
easat-7944	76	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	76	21	many	many	ADJ
easat-7944	76	22	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-7944	76	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	76	24	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	76	25	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	76	26	the	the	DET
easat-7944	76	27	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-7944	76	28	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
easat-7944	76	29	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	76	30	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7944	76	31	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	76	32	border	border	ADJ
easat-7944	76	33	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-7944	76	34	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	76	35	[	[	X
easat-7944	76	36	17	17	NUM
easat-7944	76	37	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	76	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	77	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	77	2	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-7944	77	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	77	4	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-7944	77	5	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	77	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	77	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	77	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	77	9	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-7944	77	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	77	11	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	77	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	77	13	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	77	14	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	77	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7944	77	16	contributed	contribute	VERB
easat-7944	77	17	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	77	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	77	19	emergence	emergence	NOUN
easat-7944	77	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	77	21	many	many	ADJ
easat-7944	77	22	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-7944	77	23	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	77	24	the	the	DET
easat-7944	77	25	continent	continent	NOUN
easat-7944	77	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	77	27	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	77	28	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	77	29	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7944	77	30	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	77	31	border	border	ADJ
easat-7944	77	32	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	77	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	78	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	78	2	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	78	3	presented	present	VERB
easat-7944	78	4	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	78	5	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	78	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	78	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	78	8	differ	differ	VERB
easat-7944	78	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7944	78	10	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	78	11	those	those	PRON
easat-7944	78	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	78	13	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	78	14	regions	region	NOUN
easat-7944	78	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	78	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	78	17	world	world	NOUN
easat-7944	78	18	[	[	X
easat-7944	78	19	7	7	NUM
easat-7944	78	20	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	78	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	79	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	79	2	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	79	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	79	4	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-7944	79	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	79	6	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	79	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	79	8	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	79	9	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	79	10	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	79	11	traced	trace	VERB
easat-7944	79	12	back	back	ADV
easat-7944	79	13	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	79	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	79	15	existence	existence	NOUN
easat-7944	79	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	79	17	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-7944	79	18	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	79	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	79	20	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-7944	79	21	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	79	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	79	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	79	24	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-7944	79	25	demarcation	demarcation	NOUN
easat-7944	79	26	[	[	X
easat-7944	79	27	18	18	NUM
easat-7944	79	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	79	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	80	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	80	2	the	the	DET
easat-7944	80	3	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-7944	80	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	80	5	these	these	DET
easat-7944	80	6	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	80	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	80	8	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7944	80	9	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	80	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	80	11	order	order	NOUN
easat-7944	80	12	to	to	PART
easat-7944	80	13	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
easat-7944	80	14	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	80	15	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	80	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	80	17	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	80	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	80	19	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-7944	80	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	80	21	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	80	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	80	23	commodities	commodity	NOUN
easat-7944	80	24	inside	inside	ADP
easat-7944	80	25	the	the	DET
easat-7944	80	26	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-7944	80	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	80	28	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	80	29	union	union	PROPN
easat-7944	80	30	member	member	NOUN
easat-7944	80	31	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	80	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	81	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	81	2	endeavour	endeavour	NOUN
easat-7944	81	3	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7944	81	4	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-7944	81	5	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	81	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	81	7	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-7944	81	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	81	9	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	81	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	81	11	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7944	81	12	throughout	throughout	ADP
easat-7944	81	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	81	14	continent	continent	NOUN
easat-7944	81	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	82	1	one	one	PRON
easat-7944	82	2	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	82	3	not	not	PART
easat-7944	82	4	overlook	overlook	VERB
easat-7944	82	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	82	6	role	role	NOUN
easat-7944	82	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	82	8	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	82	9	commerce	commerce	NOUN
easat-7944	82	10	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7944	82	11	considering	consider	VERB
easat-7944	82	12	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7944	82	13	to	to	PART
easat-7944	82	14	secure	secure	VERB
easat-7944	82	15	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	82	16	against	against	ADP
easat-7944	82	17	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	82	18	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	82	19	[	[	X
easat-7944	82	20	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	82	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	82	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	83	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	83	2	pertains	pertain	VERB
easat-7944	83	3	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	83	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	83	5	adherence	adherence	NOUN
easat-7944	83	6	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	83	7	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-7944	83	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	83	9	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-7944	83	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	83	11	namely	namely	ADV
easat-7944	83	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	83	13	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-7944	83	14	paperwork	paperwork	NOUN
easat-7944	83	15	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	83	16	importing	import	VERB
easat-7944	83	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	83	18	exporting	exporting	NOUN
easat-7944	83	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	84	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	84	2	task	task	NOUN
easat-7944	84	3	includes	include	VERB
easat-7944	84	4	identifying	identifying	NOUN
easat-7944	84	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	84	6	categorising	categorising	NOUN
easat-7944	84	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	84	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	84	9	confiscating	confiscate	VERB
easat-7944	84	10	counterfeit	counterfeit	ADJ
easat-7944	84	11	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN
easat-7944	84	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	84	13	as	as	ADV
easat-7944	84	14	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	84	15	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	84	16	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-7944	84	17	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	84	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	84	19	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-7944	84	20	import	import	NOUN
easat-7944	84	21	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	84	22	excise	excise	NOUN
easat-7944	84	23	taxes	taxis	NOUN
easat-7944	84	24	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	84	25	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	84	26	paid	pay	VERB
easat-7944	84	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	85	1	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	85	2	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	85	3	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-7944	85	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	85	5	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	85	6	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	85	7	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	85	8	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	85	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	85	10	unlawful	unlawful	ADJ
easat-7944	85	11	importation	importation	NOUN
easat-7944	85	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	85	13	items	item	NOUN
easat-7944	85	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	85	15	may	may	AUX
easat-7944	85	16	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	85	17	severely	severely	ADV
easat-7944	85	18	damage	damage	VERB
easat-7944	85	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	85	20	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	85	21	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	85	22	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-7944	85	23	[	[	X
easat-7944	85	24	18	18	NUM
easat-7944	85	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	85	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	86	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-7944	86	2	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	86	3	moodley	moodley	NOUN
easat-7944	86	4	[	[	NOUN
easat-7944	86	5	20	20	NUM
easat-7944	86	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	86	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	86	8	annual	annual	ADJ
easat-7944	86	9	market	market	NOUN
easat-7944	86	10	value	value	NOUN
easat-7944	86	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	86	12	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	86	13	products	product	NOUN
easat-7944	86	14	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	86	15	enter	enter	VERB
easat-7944	86	16	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	86	17	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	86	18	through	through	ADP
easat-7944	86	19	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	86	20	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	86	21	amounts	amount	VERB
easat-7944	86	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	86	23	billions	billion	NOUN
easat-7944	86	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	86	25	rand	rand	NOUN
easat-7944	86	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	87	1	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-7944	87	2	costeffective	costeffective	ADJ
easat-7944	87	3	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-7944	87	4	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	87	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	87	6	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	87	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	87	8	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	87	9	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	87	10	help	help	VERB
easat-7944	87	11	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-7944	87	12	such	such	DET
easat-7944	87	13	a	a	DET
easat-7944	87	14	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	87	15	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
easat-7944	87	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	88	1	moodley	moodley	NOUN
easat-7944	89	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	89	2	20	20	NUM
easat-7944	89	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	89	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-7944	89	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	89	6	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-7944	89	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	89	8	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	89	9	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	89	10	incurs	incur	VERB
easat-7944	89	11	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	89	12	expenses	expense	NOUN
easat-7944	89	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	89	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	89	15	form	form	NOUN
easat-7944	89	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	89	17	tax	tax	NOUN
easat-7944	89	18	income	income	NOUN
easat-7944	89	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	89	20	customs	custom	NOUN
easat-7944	89	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	89	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	89	23	excise	excise	NOUN
easat-7944	89	24	duties	duty	NOUN
easat-7944	89	25	due	due	ADP
easat-7944	89	26	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	89	27	the	the	DET
easat-7944	89	28	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-7944	89	29	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN
easat-7944	89	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	89	31	illicit	illicit	ADJ
easat-7944	89	32	commerce	commerce	NOUN
easat-7944	89	33	within	within	ADP
easat-7944	89	34	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	89	35	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	89	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	90	1	4	4	X
easat-7944	90	2	.	.	X
easat-7944	90	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	90	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-7944	90	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	90	6	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	90	7	utilised	utilise	VERB
easat-7944	90	8	a	a	DET
easat-7944	90	9	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-7944	90	10	desktop	desktop	NOUN
easat-7944	90	11	method	method	NOUN
easat-7944	90	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	90	13	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
easat-7944	90	14	design	design	NOUN
easat-7944	90	15	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	90	16	examining	examine	VERB
easat-7944	90	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	90	18	existing	exist	VERB
easat-7944	90	19	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-7944	90	20	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	90	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	90	22	topic	topic	NOUN
easat-7944	90	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	91	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	91	2	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-7944	91	3	search	search	NOUN
easat-7944	91	4	encompassed	encompass	VERB
easat-7944	91	5	topics	topic	NOUN
easat-7944	91	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	91	7	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	91	8	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	91	9	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	91	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	91	11	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	91	12	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	91	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	91	14	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	91	15	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	91	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	91	17	criminality	criminality	NOUN
easat-7944	91	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	91	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	91	20	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	91	21	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	91	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	91	23	context	context	NOUN
easat-7944	91	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	91	25	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	91	26	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	91	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	92	1	polit	polit	PROPN
easat-7944	92	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	92	3	beck	beck	PROPN
easat-7944	93	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	93	2	21	21	NUM
easat-7944	93	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	93	4	define	define	VERB
easat-7944	93	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-7944	93	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	93	7	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	93	8	an	an	DET
easat-7944	93	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	93	10	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	93	11	aims	aim	VERB
easat-7944	93	12	to	to	PART
easat-7944	93	13	investigate	investigate	VERB
easat-7944	93	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	93	15	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	93	16	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
easat-7944	93	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	93	18	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	93	19	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-7944	93	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	93	21	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	93	22	evolution	evolution	NOUN
easat-7944	93	23	throughout	throughout	ADP
easat-7944	93	24	time	time	NOUN
easat-7944	93	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	93	26	to	to	PART
easat-7944	93	27	obtain	obtain	VERB
easat-7944	93	28	a	a	DET
easat-7944	93	29	deeper	deep	ADJ
easat-7944	93	30	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-7944	93	31	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	93	32	the	the	DET
easat-7944	93	33	subjects	subject	NOUN
easat-7944	93	34	under	under	ADP
easat-7944	93	35	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	93	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	94	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-7944	94	2	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	94	3	bryman	bryman	NOUN
easat-7944	94	4	[	[	X
easat-7944	94	5	22	22	NUM
easat-7944	94	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	94	7	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
easat-7944	94	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	94	9	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	94	10	a	a	DET
easat-7944	94	11	type	type	NOUN
easat-7944	94	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	94	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	94	14	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	94	15	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-7944	94	16	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	94	17	uncovering	uncover	VERB
easat-7944	94	18	hidden	hidden	ADJ
easat-7944	94	19	ideas	idea	NOUN
easat-7944	94	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	94	21	generating	generate	VERB
easat-7944	94	22	new	new	ADJ
easat-7944	94	23	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-7944	94	24	into	into	ADP
easat-7944	94	25	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-7944	94	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	94	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	94	28	expanding	expand	VERB
easat-7944	94	29	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-7944	94	30	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	94	31	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7944	94	32	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7944	94	33	the	the	DET
easat-7944	94	34	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7944	94	35	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	94	36	not	not	PART
easat-7944	94	37	yet	yet	ADV
easat-7944	94	38	fully	fully	ADV
easat-7944	94	39	understood	understand	VERB
easat-7944	94	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	95	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-7944	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	95	3	this	this	DET
easat-7944	95	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	95	5	addresses	address	VERB
easat-7944	95	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	95	7	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-7944	95	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	95	9	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-7944	95	10	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	95	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	95	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	95	13	field	field	NOUN
easat-7944	95	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	95	15	organised	organise	VERB
easat-7944	95	16	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	95	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	95	18	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	95	19	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	95	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	95	21	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	95	22	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	95	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	96	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	96	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	96	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-7944	96	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	96	5	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	96	6	content	content	NOUN
easat-7944	96	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7944	96	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	96	9	twenty	twenty	NUM
easat-7944	96	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	96	11	20	20	NUM
easat-7944	96	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	96	13	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-7944	96	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	96	15	reviewed	review	VERB
easat-7944	96	16	articles	article	NOUN
easat-7944	96	17	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	96	18	were	be	AUX
easat-7944	96	19	deemed	deem	VERB
easat-7944	96	20	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
easat-7944	96	21	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	96	22	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	96	23	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	96	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	96	25	organised	organised	ADJ
easat-7944	96	26	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	96	27	within	within	ADP
easat-7944	96	28	the	the	DET
easat-7944	96	29	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7944	96	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	96	31	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	96	32	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	96	33	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	96	34	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	96	35	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	96	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	97	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	97	2	articles	article	NOUN
easat-7944	97	3	were	be	AUX
easat-7944	97	4	obtained	obtain	VERB
easat-7944	97	5	using	use	VERB
easat-7944	97	6	a	a	DET
easat-7944	97	7	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-7944	97	8	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-7944	97	9	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	97	10	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	97	11	followed	follow	VERB
easat-7944	97	12	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7944	97	13	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
easat-7944	97	14	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-7944	97	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	98	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	98	2	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-7944	98	3	included	include	VERB
easat-7944	98	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	98	5	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	98	6	others	other	NOUN
easat-7944	98	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	98	8	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-7944	98	9	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	98	10	focused	focus	VERB
easat-7944	98	11	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	98	12	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	98	13	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	98	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	98	15	articles	article	NOUN
easat-7944	98	16	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	98	17	addressed	address	VERB
easat-7944	98	18	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	98	19	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	98	20	779	779	NUM
easat-7944	98	21	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	98	22	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	98	23	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	98	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	98	25	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	98	26	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	98	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	98	28	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	98	29	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	98	30	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	98	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	98	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	99	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	99	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	99	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	100	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	100	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	100	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	100	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	100	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	100	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	100	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	100	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	100	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	100	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	100	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	100	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	100	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	100	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	100	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	100	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	100	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	100	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7944	100	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	100	20	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	100	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	100	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	100	23	studies	study	NOUN
easat-7944	100	24	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	100	25	provided	provide	VERB
easat-7944	100	26	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-7944	100	27	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	100	28	preventing	prevent	VERB
easat-7944	100	29	organised	organised	ADJ
easat-7944	100	30	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	100	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	101	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	101	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7944	101	3	utilised	utilise	VERB
easat-7944	101	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	101	5	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-7944	101	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-7944	101	7	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	101	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	101	9	categorising	categorise	VERB
easat-7944	101	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	101	11	materials	material	NOUN
easat-7944	101	12	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	101	13	articles	article	NOUN
easat-7944	101	14	according	accord	VERB
easat-7944	101	15	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	101	16	shared	share	VERB
easat-7944	101	17	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-7944	101	18	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	101	19	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-7944	101	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	102	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	102	2	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	102	3	a	a	DET
easat-7944	102	4	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-7944	102	5	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-7944	102	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	102	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	102	8	coexistence	coexistence	NOUN
easat-7944	102	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	102	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	102	11	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	102	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	102	13	organised	organised	ADJ
easat-7944	102	14	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	102	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	102	16	as	as	ADV
easat-7944	102	17	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	102	18	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	102	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	102	20	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-7944	102	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	102	22	responses	response	NOUN
easat-7944	102	23	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	102	24	these	these	DET
easat-7944	102	25	matters	matter	NOUN
easat-7944	102	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	103	1	5	5	X
easat-7944	103	2	.	.	NUM
easat-7944	103	3	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-7944	103	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	103	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-7944	103	6	5.1	5.1	NUM
easat-7944	103	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	104	1	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	104	2	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	104	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	104	4	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	104	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	104	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	104	7	area	area	NOUN
easat-7944	104	8	length	length	NOUN
easat-7944	104	9	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-7944	104	10	excessive	excessive	ADJ
easat-7944	104	11	distances	distance	NOUN
easat-7944	104	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	104	13	passes	pass	VERB
easat-7944	104	14	through	through	ADP
easat-7944	104	15	inhospitable	inhospitable	ADJ
easat-7944	104	16	terrains	terrain	NOUN
easat-7944	104	17	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	104	18	pose	pose	VERB
easat-7944	104	19	serious	serious	ADJ
easat-7944	104	20	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	104	21	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	104	22	any	any	DET
easat-7944	104	23	organization	organization	NOUN
easat-7944	104	24	entrusted	entrust	VERB
easat-7944	104	25	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	104	26	managing	manage	VERB
easat-7944	104	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	104	28	controlling	control	VERB
easat-7944	104	29	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	105	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	105	2	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	105	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	105	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	106	1	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-7944	106	2	coasts	coast	NOUN
easat-7944	106	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	106	4	woodlands	woodland	NOUN
easat-7944	106	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	106	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	106	7	rugged	rugged	ADJ
easat-7944	106	8	mountains	mountain	NOUN
easat-7944	106	9	pose	pose	VERB
easat-7944	106	10	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-7944	106	11	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-7944	106	12	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	106	13	all	all	DET
easat-7944	106	14	land	land	NOUN
easat-7944	106	15	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	106	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	106	17	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	106	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	106	19	making	make	VERB
easat-7944	106	20	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	106	21	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-7944	106	22	to	to	PART
easat-7944	106	23	construct	construct	VERB
easat-7944	106	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	106	25	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-7944	106	26	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	106	27	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	106	28	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	106	29	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	106	30	[	[	X
easat-7944	106	31	23	23	NUM
easat-7944	106	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	106	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	107	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	107	2	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	107	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	107	4	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	107	5	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	107	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	107	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	107	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	107	9	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	107	10	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	107	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	107	12	carried	carry	VERB
easat-7944	107	13	out	out	ADP
easat-7944	107	14	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	107	15	around	around	ADP
easat-7944	107	16	eighteen	eighteen	NUM
easat-7944	107	17	departments	department	NOUN
easat-7944	107	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	107	19	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	107	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	107	21	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	107	22	operate	operate	VERB
easat-7944	107	23	within	within	ADP
easat-7944	107	24	a	a	DET
easat-7944	107	25	defined	define	VERB
easat-7944	107	26	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	107	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	107	28	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-7944	107	29	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-7944	107	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	107	31	have	have	VERB
easat-7944	107	32	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-7944	107	33	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	107	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	107	35	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	107	36	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	107	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	108	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-7944	108	3	departments	department	NOUN
easat-7944	108	4	typically	typically	ADV
easat-7944	108	5	found	find	VERB
easat-7944	108	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	108	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	108	8	land	land	NOUN
easat-7944	108	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	108	10	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-7944	108	11	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-7944	108	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	108	13	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	108	14	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	108	15	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	108	16	service	service	NOUN
easat-7944	108	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	18	saps	sap	NOUN
easat-7944	108	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	21	department	department	NOUN
easat-7944	108	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	108	23	home	home	NOUN
easat-7944	108	24	affairs	affairs	PROPN
easat-7944	108	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	26	dha	dha	PROPN
easat-7944	108	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	29	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	108	30	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	108	31	national	national	PROPN
easat-7944	108	32	defence	defence	NOUN
easat-7944	108	33	force	force	NOUN
easat-7944	108	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	35	sandf	sandf	NOUN
easat-7944	108	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	38	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	108	39	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	108	40	revenue	revenue	NOUN
easat-7944	108	41	services	service	NOUN
easat-7944	108	42	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	43	sars	sars	PROPN
easat-7944	108	44	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	108	47	department	department	NOUN
easat-7944	108	48	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	108	49	agriculture	agriculture	PROPN
easat-7944	108	50	forestry	forestry	NOUN
easat-7944	108	51	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	108	52	fisheries	fishery	NOUN
easat-7944	108	53	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	108	54	daff	daff	PROPN
easat-7944	108	55	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	109	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	109	2	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	109	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	109	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	110	1	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-7944	110	2	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	110	3	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-7944	110	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	110	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	110	6	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	110	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	110	8	this	this	DET
easat-7944	110	9	work	work	NOUN
easat-7944	110	10	involves	involve	VERB
easat-7944	110	11	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-7944	110	12	intricacies	intricacy	NOUN
easat-7944	110	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	111	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	111	2	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7944	111	3	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-7944	111	4	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	111	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	111	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-7944	111	7	elements	element	NOUN
easat-7944	111	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	111	9	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-7944	111	10	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	111	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	111	12	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
easat-7944	111	13	between	between	ADP
easat-7944	111	14	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	111	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	111	16	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-7944	111	17	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-7944	111	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	111	19	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7944	111	20	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	111	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	111	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	111	23	working	work	VERB
easat-7944	111	24	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7944	111	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	112	1	5.2	5.2	NUM
easat-7944	112	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	113	1	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	113	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	113	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-7944	113	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	113	5	since	since	SCONJ
easat-7944	113	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	113	7	establishment	establishment	NOUN
easat-7944	113	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	113	9	democracy	democracy	NOUN
easat-7944	113	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	113	11	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	113	12	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	113	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	113	14	1994	1994	NUM
easat-7944	113	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	113	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	113	17	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	113	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	113	19	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	113	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	113	21	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	113	22	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	113	23	become	become	VERB
easat-7944	113	24	intricate	intricate	ADJ
easat-7944	113	25	due	due	ADP
easat-7944	113	26	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	113	27	the	the	DET
easat-7944	113	28	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	113	29	system	system	NOUN
easat-7944	113	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	113	31	governing	govern	VERB
easat-7944	113	32	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-7944	113	33	involved	involve	VERB
easat-7944	113	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	1	since	since	SCONJ
easat-7944	114	2	1995	1995	NUM
easat-7944	114	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	114	5	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	114	6	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	114	7	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	114	8	service	service	NOUN
easat-7944	114	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	10	saps	sap	NOUN
easat-7944	114	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	13	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-7944	114	14	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	114	15	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	114	16	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	114	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	18	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	114	19	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	114	20	methodically	methodically	ADV
easat-7944	114	21	reorganising	reorganise	VERB
easat-7944	114	22	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	114	23	powers	power	NOUN
easat-7944	114	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	114	25	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-7944	114	26	related	relate	VERB
easat-7944	114	27	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	114	28	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	114	29	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	114	30	[	[	X
easat-7944	114	31	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	114	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	114	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	115	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	115	2	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	115	3	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	115	4	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	115	5	founded	found	VERB
easat-7944	115	6	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	115	7	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	115	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	115	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	115	10	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	115	11	components	component	NOUN
easat-7944	115	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	115	13	august	august	PROPN
easat-7944	115	14	1995	1995	NUM
easat-7944	116	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	116	2	24	24	NUM
easat-7944	116	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	116	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	117	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	117	2	2004	2004	NUM
easat-7944	117	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	117	4	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	117	5	was	be	VERB
easat-7944	117	6	a	a	DET
easat-7944	117	7	restructuring	restructuring	NOUN
easat-7944	117	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	117	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	117	10	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	117	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	117	12	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-7944	117	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	117	14	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	117	15	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	117	16	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-7944	117	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	118	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	118	2	restructuring	restructuring	NOUN
easat-7944	118	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-7944	118	4	centralising	centralise	VERB
easat-7944	118	5	these	these	DET
easat-7944	118	6	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-7944	118	7	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	118	8	the	the	DET
easat-7944	118	9	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	118	10	level	level	NOUN
easat-7944	118	11	under	under	ADP
easat-7944	118	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	118	13	division	division	NOUN
easat-7944	118	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	118	15	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-7944	118	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	118	17	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	118	18	services	service	NOUN
easat-7944	118	19	[	[	X
easat-7944	118	20	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	118	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	118	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	119	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7944	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	119	3	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	119	4	2010	2010	NUM
easat-7944	119	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	119	6	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	119	7	was	be	VERB
easat-7944	119	8	a	a	DET
easat-7944	119	9	change	change	NOUN
easat-7944	119	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	119	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	119	12	pattern	pattern	NOUN
easat-7944	119	13	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7944	119	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	119	15	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	119	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	119	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	119	18	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	119	19	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	119	20	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	119	21	transferred	transfer	VERB
easat-7944	119	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	119	23	provincial	provincial	ADJ
easat-7944	119	24	commissioners	commissioner	NOUN
easat-7944	119	25	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	119	26	part	part	NOUN
easat-7944	119	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	119	28	a	a	DET
easat-7944	119	29	process	process	NOUN
easat-7944	119	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	119	31	devolution	devolution	NOUN
easat-7944	119	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	120	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	120	2	2014	2014	NUM
easat-7944	120	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	120	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	120	5	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	120	6	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	120	7	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	120	8	service	service	NOUN
easat-7944	120	9	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
easat-7944	120	10	all	all	DET
easat-7944	120	11	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	120	12	policing	police	VERB
easat-7944	120	13	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-7944	120	14	under	under	ADP
easat-7944	120	15	the	the	DET
easat-7944	120	16	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	120	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	120	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	120	19	division	division	NOUN
easat-7944	120	20	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-7944	120	21	response	response	NOUN
easat-7944	120	22	services	service	NOUN
easat-7944	120	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	121	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	121	2	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-7944	121	3	results	result	VERB
easat-7944	121	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	121	5	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-7944	121	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	121	7	inefficiencies	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-7944	121	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	121	9	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	121	10	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-7944	121	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	121	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-7944	121	13	during	during	ADP
easat-7944	121	14	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7944	121	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	121	16	due	due	ADP
easat-7944	121	17	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	121	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	121	19	evident	evident	ADJ
easat-7944	121	20	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-7944	121	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	121	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	121	23	current	current	ADJ
easat-7944	121	24	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-7944	121	25	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	121	26	agency	agency	ADJ
easat-7944	121	27	system	system	NOUN
easat-7944	121	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	122	1	5.3	5.3	NUM
easat-7944	122	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	123	1	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-7944	123	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	123	3	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	123	4	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-7944	123	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	123	6	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	123	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	123	8	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	123	9	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-7944	123	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	123	11	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	123	12	presents	present	VERB
easat-7944	123	13	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	123	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	123	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	124	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	124	2	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-7944	124	3	duties	duty	NOUN
easat-7944	124	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	124	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	124	6	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	124	7	include	include	VERB
easat-7944	124	8	passport	passport	NOUN
easat-7944	124	9	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-7944	124	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	124	11	apprehending	apprehend	VERB
easat-7944	124	12	fugitives	fugitive	NOUN
easat-7944	124	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	124	14	monitoring	monitor	VERB
easat-7944	124	15	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	124	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	124	17	concern	concern	NOUN
easat-7944	124	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	124	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	124	20	tracking	track	VERB
easat-7944	124	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	124	22	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	124	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	124	24	stolen	steal	VERB
easat-7944	124	25	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-7944	124	26	across	across	ADP
easat-7944	124	27	national	national	ADJ
easat-7944	124	28	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-7944	124	29	[	[	X
easat-7944	124	30	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	124	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	124	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	125	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	125	2	order	order	NOUN
easat-7944	125	3	to	to	PART
easat-7944	125	4	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
easat-7944	125	5	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	125	6	duties	duty	NOUN
easat-7944	125	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	125	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	125	9	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	125	10	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	125	11	imperative	imperative	ADJ
easat-7944	125	12	for	for	SCONJ
easat-7944	125	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	125	14	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	125	15	to	to	PART
easat-7944	125	16	maintain	maintain	VERB
easat-7944	125	17	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-7944	125	18	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-7944	125	19	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	125	20	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	125	21	branches	branch	NOUN
easat-7944	125	22	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	125	23	government	government	NOUN
easat-7944	125	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	126	1	mahlangu	mahlangu	NOUN
easat-7944	126	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	126	3	obioha	obioha	PROPN
easat-7944	127	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	127	2	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	127	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	127	4	argue	argue	VERB
easat-7944	127	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	127	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	127	7	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	127	8	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	127	9	not	not	PART
easat-7944	127	10	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	127	11	carry	carry	VERB
easat-7944	127	12	out	out	ADP
easat-7944	127	13	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	127	14	duties	duty	NOUN
easat-7944	127	15	using	use	VERB
easat-7944	127	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	127	17	department	department	NOUN
easat-7944	127	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	127	19	home	home	PROPN
easat-7944	127	20	affairs	affairs	PROPN
easat-7944	127	21	'	'	PART
easat-7944	127	22	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	127	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	127	24	system	system	NOUN
easat-7944	127	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	128	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	128	2	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	128	3	employ	employ	VERB
easat-7944	128	4	immigration	immigration	NOUN
easat-7944	128	5	officials	official	NOUN
easat-7944	128	6	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	128	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	128	8	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	128	9	to	to	PART
easat-7944	128	10	scrutinise	scrutinise	VERB
easat-7944	128	11	travel	travel	NOUN
easat-7944	128	12	documents	document	NOUN
easat-7944	128	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	128	14	ascertain	ascertain	ADJ
easat-7944	128	15	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	128	16	'	'	PART
easat-7944	128	17	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	128	18	status	status	NOUN
easat-7944	128	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	129	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7944	129	2	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	129	3	is	be	VERB
easat-7944	129	4	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	129	5	synergy	synergy	NOUN
easat-7944	129	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	129	7	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	129	8	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	129	9	these	these	DET
easat-7944	129	10	organs	organ	NOUN
easat-7944	129	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	129	12	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	129	13	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	129	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	129	15	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	129	16	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	129	17	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	129	18	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-7944	129	19	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-7944	129	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	130	1	however	however	ADV
easat-7944	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	130	3	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7944	130	4	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	130	5	is	be	VERB
easat-7944	130	6	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-7944	130	7	synergy	synergy	NOUN
easat-7944	130	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	130	9	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	130	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	130	11	managing	manage	VERB
easat-7944	130	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	130	13	policing	police	VERB
easat-7944	130	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	130	15	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	130	16	posts	post	NOUN
easat-7944	130	17	becomes	become	VERB
easat-7944	130	18	a	a	DET
easat-7944	130	19	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-7944	130	20	task	task	NOUN
easat-7944	130	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	131	1	780	780	NUM
easat-7944	131	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	131	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	131	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	131	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	131	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	131	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	131	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	131	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	131	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	131	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	131	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	131	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	132	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	132	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	132	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	132	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	133	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	133	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	133	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	133	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	133	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	133	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	133	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	133	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	133	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	133	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	133	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	133	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	133	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	133	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7944	133	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	133	20	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7944	133	21	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	133	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	23	beit	beit	PROPN
easat-7944	133	24	bridge	bridge	PROPN
easat-7944	133	25	crossing	cross	VERB
easat-7944	133	26	timeframe	timeframe	NOUN
easat-7944	133	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	28	february	february	PROPN
easat-7944	133	29	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7944	133	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	133	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	134	1	source	source	NOUN
easat-7944	134	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	134	3	goodger	goodger	NOUN
easat-7944	135	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	135	2	11	11	NUM
easat-7944	135	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	135	4	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-7944	135	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	135	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	135	7	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-7944	135	8	geographical	geographical	ADJ
easat-7944	135	9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-7944	135	10	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-7944	135	11	pose	pose	VERB
easat-7944	135	12	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	135	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	135	14	terms	term	NOUN
easat-7944	135	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	135	16	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-7944	135	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	135	18	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	135	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	136	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	136	2	duration	duration	NOUN
easat-7944	136	3	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	136	4	crossing	cross	VERB
easat-7944	136	5	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	136	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	136	7	beit	beit	PROPN
easat-7944	136	8	bridge	bridge	PROPN
easat-7944	136	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	136	10	station	station	NOUN
easat-7944	136	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	136	12	depicted	depict	VERB
easat-7944	136	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	136	14	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7944	136	15	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	136	16	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	136	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	136	18	february	february	PROPN
easat-7944	136	19	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7944	136	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	137	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	137	2	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-7944	137	3	implies	imply	VERB
easat-7944	137	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	137	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	137	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	137	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	137	8	functioning	function	VERB
easat-7944	137	9	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	137	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	137	11	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7944	137	12	there	there	PRON
easat-7944	137	13	is	be	VERB
easat-7944	137	14	a	a	DET
easat-7944	137	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	137	16	influx	influx	NOUN
easat-7944	137	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	137	18	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	137	19	crossing	cross	VERB
easat-7944	137	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	138	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	138	2	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	138	3	arise	arise	VERB
easat-7944	138	4	since	since	SCONJ
easat-7944	138	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	138	6	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	138	7	point	point	NOUN
easat-7944	138	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	138	9	considered	consider	VERB
easat-7944	138	10	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	138	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	138	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	138	13	most	most	ADV
easat-7944	138	14	heavily	heavily	ADV
easat-7944	138	15	trafficked	trafficked	ADJ
easat-7944	138	16	ports	port	NOUN
easat-7944	138	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	138	18	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	138	19	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	138	20	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	138	21	travel	travel	NOUN
easat-7944	138	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	138	23	the	the	DET
easat-7944	138	24	rest	rest	NOUN
easat-7944	138	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	138	26	the	the	DET
easat-7944	138	27	continent	continent	NOUN
easat-7944	138	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	139	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7944	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	139	3	the	the	DET
easat-7944	139	4	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	139	5	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-7944	139	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	139	7	these	these	DET
easat-7944	139	8	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	139	9	would	would	AUX
easat-7944	139	10	necessitate	necessitate	VERB
easat-7944	139	11	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-7944	139	12	support	support	NOUN
easat-7944	139	13	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	139	14	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	139	15	municipal	municipal	ADJ
easat-7944	139	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	139	17	state	state	NOUN
easat-7944	139	18	entities	entity	NOUN
easat-7944	139	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	139	20	some	some	DET
easat-7944	139	21	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-7944	139	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	140	1	if	if	SCONJ
easat-7944	140	2	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-7944	140	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	140	4	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	140	5	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	140	6	not	not	PART
easat-7944	140	7	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	140	8	addressed	address	VERB
easat-7944	140	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	140	10	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	140	11	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	140	12	result	result	VERB
easat-7944	140	13	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	140	14	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-7944	140	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	140	16	unmet	unmet	NOUN
easat-7944	140	17	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	140	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	141	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	141	2	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-7944	141	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	141	4	dispersed	disperse	VERB
easat-7944	141	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	141	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	141	7	actions	action	NOUN
easat-7944	141	8	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	141	9	scattered	scatter	VERB
easat-7944	141	10	due	due	ADJ
easat-7944	141	11	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	141	12	intense	intense	ADJ
easat-7944	141	13	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7944	141	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	141	15	frequent	frequent	ADJ
easat-7944	141	16	crossings	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	141	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	141	18	making	make	VERB
easat-7944	141	19	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	141	20	nearly	nearly	ADV
easat-7944	141	21	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-7944	141	22	to	to	PART
easat-7944	141	23	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	141	24	manage	manage	VERB
easat-7944	141	25	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	141	26	address	address	VERB
easat-7944	141	27	every	every	DET
easat-7944	141	28	aspect	aspect	NOUN
easat-7944	141	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	142	1	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	142	2	a	a	DET
easat-7944	142	3	result	result	NOUN
easat-7944	142	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	142	5	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	142	6	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	142	7	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	142	8	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	142	9	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	142	10	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	142	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	142	12	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	142	13	become	become	VERB
easat-7944	142	14	more	more	ADV
easat-7944	142	15	accessible	accessible	ADJ
easat-7944	142	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	142	17	pose	pose	VERB
easat-7944	142	18	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-7944	142	19	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-7944	142	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	143	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7944	143	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	143	3	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	143	4	order	order	NOUN
easat-7944	143	5	to	to	PART
easat-7944	143	6	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	143	7	address	address	VERB
easat-7944	143	8	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	143	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	143	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	143	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	143	12	utilisation	utilisation	NOUN
easat-7944	143	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	143	14	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-7944	143	15	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-7944	143	16	equipment	equipment	NOUN
easat-7944	143	17	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	143	18	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	143	19	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	143	20	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	143	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	143	22	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	143	23	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	143	24	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	143	25	would	would	AUX
easat-7944	143	26	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	143	27	the	the	DET
easat-7944	143	28	most	most	ADV
easat-7944	143	29	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-7944	143	30	choice	choice	NOUN
easat-7944	143	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	144	1	5.3.1	5.3.1	X
easat-7944	144	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	144	3	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	144	4	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-7944	144	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	144	6	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	144	7	seeks	seek	VERB
easat-7944	144	8	to	to	PART
easat-7944	144	9	deploy	deploy	VERB
easat-7944	144	10	drones	drone	NOUN
easat-7944	144	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	144	12	conducting	conduct	VERB
easat-7944	144	13	a	a	DET
easat-7944	144	14	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	144	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	144	16	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7944	144	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-7944	144	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	144	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	144	20	entire	entire	ADJ
easat-7944	144	21	255	255	NUM
easat-7944	144	22	km	km	NOUN
easat-7944	144	23	long	long	ADJ
easat-7944	144	24	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	144	25	between	between	ADP
easat-7944	144	26	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	144	27	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	144	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	144	29	zimbabwe	zimbabwe	ADJ
easat-7944	145	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	145	2	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	145	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	145	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	146	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	146	2	equipment	equipment	NOUN
easat-7944	146	3	may	may	AUX
easat-7944	146	4	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	146	5	classified	classify	VERB
easat-7944	146	6	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	146	7	part	part	NOUN
easat-7944	146	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	146	9	a	a	DET
easat-7944	146	10	wider	wide	ADJ
easat-7944	146	11	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	146	12	geared	gear	VERB
easat-7944	146	13	toward	toward	ADP
easat-7944	146	14	solving	solve	VERB
easat-7944	146	15	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-7944	146	16	associated	associate	VERB
easat-7944	146	17	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	146	18	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	146	19	immigration	immigration	NOUN
easat-7944	146	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	146	21	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	146	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	147	1	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-7944	147	2	these	these	DET
easat-7944	147	3	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
easat-7944	147	4	devices	device	NOUN
easat-7944	147	5	enables	enable	VERB
easat-7944	147	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	147	7	operatives	operative	NOUN
easat-7944	147	8	to	to	PART
easat-7944	147	9	obtain	obtain	VERB
easat-7944	147	10	an	an	DET
easat-7944	147	11	overhead	overhead	ADJ
easat-7944	147	12	view	view	NOUN
easat-7944	147	13	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	147	14	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-7944	147	15	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-7944	147	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	147	17	action	action	NOUN
easat-7944	147	18	against	against	ADP
easat-7944	147	19	any	any	DET
easat-7944	147	20	questionable	questionable	ADJ
easat-7944	147	21	movements	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	147	22	along	along	ADP
easat-7944	147	23	the	the	DET
easat-7944	147	24	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	147	25	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	147	26	/	/	SYM
easat-7944	147	27	zimbabwe	zimbabwe	PROPN
easat-7944	147	28	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	147	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	148	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	148	2	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	148	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	148	4	anticipated	anticipate	VERB
easat-7944	148	5	to	to	PART
easat-7944	148	6	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7944	148	7	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	148	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	148	9	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-7944	148	10	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-7944	148	11	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	148	12	avoiding	avoid	VERB
easat-7944	148	13	illicit	illicit	ADJ
easat-7944	148	14	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	148	15	crossings	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	148	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	148	17	reinforcing	reinforce	VERB
easat-7944	148	18	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	148	19	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	148	20	[	[	X
easat-7944	148	21	25	25	NUM
easat-7944	148	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	148	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	149	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	149	2	implantation	implantation	NOUN
easat-7944	149	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	149	4	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
easat-7944	149	5	drones	drone	NOUN
easat-7944	149	6	into	into	ADP
easat-7944	149	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	149	8	ambit	ambit	NOUN
easat-7944	149	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	149	10	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	149	11	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	149	12	history	history	NOUN
easat-7944	149	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	149	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	149	15	department	department	NOUN
easat-7944	149	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	149	17	home	home	NOUN
easat-7944	149	18	affairs	affair	NOUN
easat-7944	149	19	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	149	20	reflective	reflective	ADJ
easat-7944	149	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	149	22	a	a	DET
easat-7944	149	23	forward	forward	ADV
easat-7944	149	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	149	25	thinking	think	VERB
easat-7944	149	26	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	149	27	towards	towards	ADP
easat-7944	149	28	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
easat-7944	149	29	the	the	DET
easat-7944	149	30	country	country	NOUN
easat-7944	149	31	’s	’s	PART
easat-7944	149	32	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	149	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	150	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	150	2	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-7944	150	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	150	4	drones	drone	NOUN
easat-7944	150	5	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	150	6	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-7944	150	7	modernised	modernise	VERB
easat-7944	150	8	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	150	9	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-7944	150	10	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	150	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	150	12	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	150	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	150	14	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	150	15	'	'	PART
easat-7944	150	16	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-7944	150	17	to	to	PART
easat-7944	150	18	swiftly	swiftly	ADV
easat-7944	150	19	respond	respond	VERB
easat-7944	150	20	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	150	21	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	150	22	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	150	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	150	24	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	150	25	address	address	VERB
easat-7944	150	26	any	any	DET
easat-7944	150	27	adverse	adverse	ADJ
easat-7944	150	28	incidents	incident	NOUN
easat-7944	150	29	[	[	X
easat-7944	150	30	25	25	NUM
easat-7944	150	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	150	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	151	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	151	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-7944	151	3	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	151	4	fulfilling	fulfil	VERB
easat-7944	151	5	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
easat-7944	151	6	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-7944	151	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	151	8	the	the	DET
easat-7944	151	9	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7944	151	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	151	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	151	12	poses	pose	VERB
easat-7944	151	13	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-7944	151	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	151	15	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-7944	151	16	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	151	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	151	18	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7944	151	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	151	20	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	151	21	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	151	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	151	23	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	151	24	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	151	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	152	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-7944	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	152	3	the	the	DET
easat-7944	152	4	department	department	NOUN
easat-7944	152	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	152	6	home	home	NOUN
easat-7944	152	7	affairs	affair	NOUN
easat-7944	152	8	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	152	9	need	need	VERB
easat-7944	152	10	to	to	PART
easat-7944	152	11	allocate	allocate	VERB
easat-7944	152	12	more	more	ADJ
easat-7944	152	13	funds	fund	NOUN
easat-7944	152	14	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	152	15	the	the	DET
easat-7944	152	16	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	152	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	152	18	order	order	NOUN
easat-7944	152	19	to	to	PART
easat-7944	152	20	streamline	streamline	VERB
easat-7944	152	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	152	22	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7944	152	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	152	24	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
easat-7944	152	25	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-7944	152	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	153	1	a	a	DET
easat-7944	153	2	notable	notable	ADJ
easat-7944	153	3	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
easat-7944	153	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	153	5	managing	manage	VERB
easat-7944	153	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	153	7	policing	police	VERB
easat-7944	153	8	the	the	DET
easat-7944	153	9	beitbridge	beitbridge	NOUN
easat-7944	153	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	153	11	post	post	NOUN
easat-7944	153	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	153	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	153	14	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-7944	153	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	153	16	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	153	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	153	18	widely	widely	ADV
easat-7944	153	19	dispersed	disperse	VERB
easat-7944	153	20	lines	line	NOUN
easat-7944	153	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	153	22	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	153	23	requires	require	VERB
easat-7944	153	24	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	153	25	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	153	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	153	27	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	153	28	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7944	153	29	to	to	PART
easat-7944	153	30	make	make	VERB
easat-7944	153	31	extra	extra	ADJ
easat-7944	153	32	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-7944	153	33	to	to	PART
easat-7944	153	34	assist	assist	VERB
easat-7944	153	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	154	1	5.3.2	5.3.2	X
easat-7944	154	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	155	1	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	155	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	155	3	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	155	4	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	155	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	156	1	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-7944	156	2	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	156	3	like	like	ADP
easat-7944	156	4	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	156	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	156	6	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	156	7	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	156	8	lie	lie	NOUN
easat-7944	156	9	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	156	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	156	11	very	very	ADV
easat-7944	156	12	high	high	ADJ
easat-7944	156	13	level	level	NOUN
easat-7944	156	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	156	15	state	state	NOUN
easat-7944	156	16	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
easat-7944	156	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	156	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	156	19	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	156	20	's	's	PART
easat-7944	156	21	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	156	22	[	[	X
easat-7944	156	23	26	26	NUM
easat-7944	156	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	156	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	157	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	157	2	port	port	NOUN
easat-7944	157	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	157	4	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	157	5	has	have	VERB
easat-7944	157	6	a	a	DET
easat-7944	157	7	lot	lot	NOUN
easat-7944	157	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	157	9	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	157	10	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	157	11	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	157	12	going	go	VERB
easat-7944	157	13	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	157	14	including	include	VERB
easat-7944	157	15	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
easat-7944	157	16	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	157	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	157	18	drugs	drug	NOUN
easat-7944	157	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	157	20	guns	gun	NOUN
easat-7944	157	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	157	22	counterfeit	counterfeit	ADJ
easat-7944	157	23	items	item	NOUN
easat-7944	157	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	157	25	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	157	26	endangered	endangered	ADJ
easat-7944	157	27	animals	animal	NOUN
easat-7944	157	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	158	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	158	2	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	158	3	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	158	4	face	face	VERB
easat-7944	158	5	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	158	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	158	7	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	158	8	trying	try	VERB
easat-7944	158	9	to	to	PART
easat-7944	158	10	grab	grab	VERB
easat-7944	158	11	any	any	DET
easat-7944	158	12	moving	move	VERB
easat-7944	158	13	drugs	drug	NOUN
easat-7944	158	14	since	since	SCONJ
easat-7944	158	15	most	most	ADJ
easat-7944	158	16	drug	drug	NOUN
easat-7944	158	17	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	158	18	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-7944	158	19	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	158	20	very	very	ADV
easat-7944	158	21	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
easat-7944	158	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	158	23	involve	involve	VERB
easat-7944	158	24	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	158	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	158	26	thought	think	VERB
easat-7944	158	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	158	28	out	out	ADP
easat-7944	158	29	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7944	158	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	158	31	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7944	158	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	159	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	159	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	159	3	even	even	ADV
easat-7944	159	4	harder	hard	ADJ
easat-7944	159	5	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	159	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	159	7	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	159	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	159	9	being	being	NOUN
easat-7944	159	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	159	11	those	those	PRON
easat-7944	159	12	working	work	VERB
easat-7944	159	13	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	159	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	159	15	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	159	16	since	since	SCONJ
easat-7944	159	17	these	these	DET
easat-7944	159	18	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	159	19	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	159	20	likely	likely	ADV
easat-7944	159	21	connected	connect	VERB
easat-7944	159	22	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	159	23	larger	large	ADJ
easat-7944	159	24	organized	organize	VERB
easat-7944	159	25	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	159	26	syndicates	syndicate	NOUN
easat-7944	159	27	[	[	X
easat-7944	159	28	2	2	NUM
easat-7944	159	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	159	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	160	1	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	160	2	traffickers	trafficker	NOUN
easat-7944	160	3	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	160	4	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-7944	160	5	unsuccessfully	unsuccessfully	ADV
easat-7944	160	6	apprehended	apprehend	VERB
easat-7944	160	7	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	160	8	a	a	DET
easat-7944	160	9	result	result	NOUN
easat-7944	160	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	160	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	160	12	781	781	NUM
easat-7944	160	13	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	160	14	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	160	15	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	160	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	160	17	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	160	18	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	160	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	160	20	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	160	21	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	160	22	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	160	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	160	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	161	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	161	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	161	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	161	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	162	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	162	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	162	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	162	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	162	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	162	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	162	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	162	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	162	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	162	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	162	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	162	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	162	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	162	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	162	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	162	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	162	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	162	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7944	162	19	gate	gate	VERB
easat-7944	162	20	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
easat-7944	162	21	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	162	22	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	162	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	162	24	the	the	DET
easat-7944	162	25	extensive	extensive	ADJ
easat-7944	162	26	undetected	undetected	ADJ
easat-7944	162	27	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-7944	162	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	163	1	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	163	2	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	163	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	163	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	163	5	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	163	6	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	163	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	163	8	both	both	CCONJ
easat-7944	163	9	a	a	DET
easat-7944	163	10	form	form	NOUN
easat-7944	163	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	163	12	slavery	slavery	NOUN
easat-7944	163	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	163	14	a	a	DET
easat-7944	163	15	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	163	16	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	163	17	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-7944	163	18	gain	gain	NOUN
easat-7944	163	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	164	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	164	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	164	3	a	a	DET
easat-7944	164	4	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-7944	164	5	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-7944	164	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	164	7	supply	supply	NOUN
easat-7944	164	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	164	9	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-7944	164	10	networks	network	NOUN
easat-7944	164	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	164	12	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	164	13	include	include	VERB
easat-7944	164	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7944	164	15	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	164	16	not	not	PART
easat-7944	164	17	limited	limit	VERB
easat-7944	164	18	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	164	19	acts	act	NOUN
easat-7944	164	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	164	21	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
easat-7944	164	22	financing	financing	NOUN
easat-7944	164	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	164	24	money	money	NOUN
easat-7944	164	25	laundering	laundering	NOUN
easat-7944	164	26	[	[	X
easat-7944	164	27	27	27	NUM
easat-7944	164	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	164	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	165	1	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	165	2	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	165	3	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	165	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	165	5	shared	share	VERB
easat-7944	165	6	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-7944	165	7	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	165	8	various	various	ADJ
easat-7944	165	9	line	line	NOUN
easat-7944	165	10	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	165	11	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	165	12	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-7944	165	13	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	165	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	165	15	each	each	PRON
easat-7944	165	16	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	165	17	its	its	PRON
easat-7944	165	18	own	own	ADJ
easat-7944	165	19	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	165	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	165	21	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
easat-7944	165	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	165	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	165	24	obligations	obligation	NOUN
easat-7944	165	25	[	[	X
easat-7944	165	26	7	7	NUM
easat-7944	165	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	165	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	166	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	166	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	166	3	due	due	ADJ
easat-7944	166	4	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	166	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	166	6	fact	fact	NOUN
easat-7944	166	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	166	8	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-7944	166	9	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7944	166	10	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	166	11	result	result	VERB
easat-7944	166	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	166	13	a	a	DET
easat-7944	166	14	duplication	duplication	NOUN
easat-7944	166	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	166	16	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-7944	166	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	166	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7944	166	19	others	other	NOUN
easat-7944	166	20	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	166	21	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	166	22	a	a	DET
easat-7944	166	23	lacuna	lacuna	NOUN
easat-7944	166	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	167	1	5.3.3	5.3.3	NUM
easat-7944	167	2	.	.	X
easat-7944	167	3	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-7944	167	4	corruption	corruption	NOUN
easat-7944	167	5	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	167	6	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-7944	167	7	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	167	8	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	167	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	167	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	167	11	most	most	ADV
easat-7944	167	12	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
easat-7944	167	13	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-7944	167	14	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	167	15	any	any	DET
easat-7944	167	16	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	167	17	crossing	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	167	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	168	1	approaching	approach	VERB
easat-7944	168	2	the	the	DET
easat-7944	168	3	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	168	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	168	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	168	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	168	7	becomes	become	VERB
easat-7944	168	8	problematic	problematic	ADJ
easat-7944	168	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7944	168	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	168	11	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-7944	168	12	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	168	13	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	168	14	to	to	PART
easat-7944	168	15	establish	establish	VERB
easat-7944	168	16	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	168	17	guardianship	guardianship	NOUN
easat-7944	168	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	168	19	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	168	20	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	168	21	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7944	168	22	through	through	ADP
easat-7944	168	23	the	the	DET
easat-7944	168	24	actions	action	NOUN
easat-7944	168	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	168	26	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	168	27	who	who	PRON
easat-7944	168	28	transgress	transgress	VERB
easat-7944	168	29	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-7944	168	30	[	[	X
easat-7944	168	31	7	7	NUM
easat-7944	168	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	168	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	169	1	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	169	2	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	169	3	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7944	169	4	may	may	AUX
easat-7944	169	5	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	169	6	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	169	7	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
easat-7944	169	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	169	9	offering	offer	VERB
easat-7944	169	10	bribes	bribe	NOUN
easat-7944	169	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	169	12	utilising	utilise	VERB
easat-7944	169	13	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	169	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	169	15	force	force	NOUN
easat-7944	169	16	to	to	PART
easat-7944	169	17	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	169	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	169	19	crossing	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	169	20	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	169	21	unlawful	unlawful	ADJ
easat-7944	169	22	items	item	NOUN
easat-7944	169	23	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	169	24	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	169	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	170	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	170	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	170	3	may	may	AUX
easat-7944	170	4	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
easat-7944	170	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	170	6	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN
easat-7944	170	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	170	8	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	170	9	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7944	170	10	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
easat-7944	170	11	fortifying	fortify	VERB
easat-7944	170	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	170	13	upper	upper	ADJ
easat-7944	170	14	echelons	echelon	NOUN
easat-7944	170	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	170	16	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-7944	170	17	syndicates	syndicate	NOUN
easat-7944	170	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	171	1	okunade	okunade	ADJ
easat-7944	171	2	[	[	X
easat-7944	171	3	28	28	NUM
easat-7944	171	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	171	5	observes	observe	VERB
easat-7944	171	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	171	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	171	8	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
easat-7944	171	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	171	10	illicit	illicit	ADJ
easat-7944	171	11	routes	route	NOUN
easat-7944	171	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	171	13	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	171	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	171	15	rise	rise	NOUN
easat-7944	171	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	171	17	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	171	18	exposes	expose	VERB
easat-7944	171	19	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	171	20	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	171	21	trans	trans	ADJ
easat-7944	171	22	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	171	23	border	border	ADJ
easat-7944	171	24	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	171	25	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	171	26	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	171	27	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	171	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	171	29	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7944	171	30	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	171	31	boundary	boundary	ADJ
easat-7944	171	32	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	171	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	171	34	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	171	35	pose	pose	VERB
easat-7944	171	36	a	a	DET
easat-7944	171	37	threat	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	171	38	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	171	39	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	171	40	life	life	NOUN
easat-7944	171	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	172	1	these	these	DET
easat-7944	172	2	acts	act	NOUN
easat-7944	172	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	172	4	dishonesty	dishonesty	ADJ
easat-7944	172	5	result	result	NOUN
easat-7944	172	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	172	7	a	a	DET
easat-7944	172	8	negative	negative	ADJ
easat-7944	172	9	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-7944	172	10	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	172	11	government	government	NOUN
easat-7944	172	12	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-7944	172	13	among	among	ADP
easat-7944	172	14	citizens	citizen	NOUN
easat-7944	172	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	172	16	rendering	render	VERB
easat-7944	172	17	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	172	18	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ
easat-7944	172	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	172	20	terrorist	terrorist	NOUN
easat-7944	172	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	172	22	organised	organise	VERB
easat-7944	172	23	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-7944	172	24	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	172	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	173	1	5.4	5.4	NUM
easat-7944	173	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	173	3	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	173	4	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	173	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	173	6	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	173	7	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	173	8	5.4.1	5.4.1	NUM
easat-7944	173	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	174	1	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-7944	174	2	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
easat-7944	174	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	174	4	information	information	NOUN
easat-7944	174	5	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	174	6	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	174	7	another	another	DET
easat-7944	174	8	area	area	NOUN
easat-7944	174	9	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	174	10	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	174	11	remarkably	remarkably	ADV
easat-7944	174	12	improved	improve	VERB
easat-7944	174	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	174	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	174	15	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	174	16	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	174	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	174	18	use	use	NOUN
easat-7944	174	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	174	20	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-7944	174	21	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
easat-7944	174	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	174	23	information	information	NOUN
easat-7944	174	24	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	174	25	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	174	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	174	27	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	174	28	represents	represent	VERB
easat-7944	174	29	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	174	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	174	31	the	the	DET
easat-7944	174	32	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-7944	174	33	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	174	34	the	the	DET
easat-7944	174	35	advent	advent	NOUN
easat-7944	174	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	174	37	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-7944	174	38	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	174	39	has	have	AUX
easat-7944	174	40	presented	present	VERB
easat-7944	174	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	175	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	175	2	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	175	3	further	far	ADV
easat-7944	175	4	observed	observe	VERB
easat-7944	175	5	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	175	6	mahlangu	mahlangu	NOUN
easat-7944	175	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	175	8	obioha	obioha	PROPN
easat-7944	175	9	[	[	X
easat-7944	175	10	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	175	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	175	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	175	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	175	14	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
easat-7944	175	15	design	design	NOUN
easat-7944	175	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	175	17	most	most	ADJ
easat-7944	175	18	land	land	NOUN
easat-7944	175	19	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	175	20	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	175	21	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	175	22	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	175	23	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	175	24	still	still	ADV
easat-7944	175	25	shaped	shape	VERB
easat-7944	175	26	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	175	27	the	the	DET
easat-7944	175	28	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-7944	175	29	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-7944	175	30	where	where	SCONJ
easat-7944	175	31	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	175	32	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	175	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	175	34	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	175	35	were	be	AUX
easat-7944	175	36	a	a	DET
easat-7944	175	37	priority	priority	NOUN
easat-7944	175	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	176	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	176	2	hinders	hinder	VERB
easat-7944	176	3	productivity	productivity	NOUN
easat-7944	176	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	176	5	terms	term	NOUN
easat-7944	176	6	processing	process	VERB
easat-7944	176	7	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	176	8	goods	good	NOUN
easat-7944	176	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	176	10	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	176	11	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	176	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	176	13	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
easat-7944	176	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-7944	176	15	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	176	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	176	17	same	same	ADJ
easat-7944	176	18	time	time	NOUN
easat-7944	176	19	provides	provide	VERB
easat-7944	176	20	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-7944	176	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	176	22	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	176	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	177	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	177	2	was	be	AUX
easat-7944	177	3	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-7944	177	4	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	177	5	mahlangu	mahlangu	NOUN
easat-7944	177	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	177	7	obioha	obioha	PROPN
easat-7944	177	8	[	[	X
easat-7944	177	9	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	177	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	177	11	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	177	12	a	a	DET
easat-7944	177	13	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-7944	177	14	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-7944	177	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	177	16	‘	'	PUNCT
easat-7944	177	17	without	without	ADP
easat-7944	177	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	177	19	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-7944	177	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	177	21	the	the	DET
easat-7944	177	22	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-7944	177	23	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	177	24	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	177	25	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	177	26	may	may	AUX
easat-7944	177	27	not	not	PART
easat-7944	177	28	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-7944	177	29	the	the	DET
easat-7944	177	30	desired	desire	VERB
easat-7944	177	31	result	result	NOUN
easat-7944	177	32	while	while	SCONJ
easat-7944	177	33	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	177	34	should	should	AUX
easat-7944	177	35	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	177	36	an	an	DET
easat-7944	177	37	integral	integral	ADJ
easat-7944	177	38	part	part	NOUN
easat-7944	177	39	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	177	40	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	177	41	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	177	42	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	177	43	within	within	ADP
easat-7944	177	44	offices	office	NOUN
easat-7944	177	45	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	177	46	several	several	ADJ
easat-7944	177	47	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	177	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	178	1	protective	protective	ADJ
easat-7944	178	2	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	178	3	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	178	4	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	178	5	only	only	ADV
easat-7944	178	6	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	178	7	a	a	DET
easat-7944	178	8	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-7944	178	9	manner	manner	NOUN
easat-7944	178	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	178	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	178	12	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7944	178	13	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	178	14	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	178	15	to	to	PART
easat-7944	178	16	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	178	17	equipped	equip	VERB
easat-7944	178	18	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	178	19	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-7944	178	20	devices	device	NOUN
easat-7944	178	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	178	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	178	23	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
easat-7944	178	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	178	25	reconnaissance	reconnaissance	NOUN
easat-7944	178	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	179	1	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	179	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	179	3	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	179	4	drones	drone	NOUN
easat-7944	179	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	179	6	satellites	satellite	NOUN
easat-7944	179	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	179	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	179	9	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-7944	179	10	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	179	11	very	very	ADV
easat-7944	179	12	important	important	ADJ
easat-7944	179	13	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-7944	179	14	to	to	PART
easat-7944	179	15	promote	promote	VERB
easat-7944	179	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	179	17	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-7944	179	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	179	19	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	179	20	to	to	PART
easat-7944	179	21	perform	perform	VERB
easat-7944	179	22	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	179	23	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-7944	179	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	180	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	180	2	essence	essence	NOUN
easat-7944	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	180	4	new	new	ADJ
easat-7944	180	5	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	180	6	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	180	7	provide	provide	VERB
easat-7944	180	8	officials	official	NOUN
easat-7944	180	9	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	180	10	current	current	ADJ
easat-7944	180	11	information	information	NOUN
easat-7944	180	12	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	180	13	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	180	14	allow	allow	VERB
easat-7944	180	15	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	180	16	to	to	PART
easat-7944	180	17	quickly	quickly	ADV
easat-7944	180	18	respond	respond	VERB
easat-7944	180	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	180	20	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	180	21	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	180	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	181	1	5.4.2	5.4.2	X
easat-7944	181	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	181	3	regular	regular	ADJ
easat-7944	181	4	update	update	NOUN
easat-7944	181	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	181	6	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-7944	181	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	181	8	laws	law	NOUN
easat-7944	181	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	181	10	home	home	NOUN
easat-7944	181	11	affairs	affairs	PROPN
easat-7944	181	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	181	13	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	181	14	department	department	PROPN
easat-7944	181	15	should	should	AUX
easat-7944	181	16	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
easat-7944	181	17	state	state	VERB
easat-7944	181	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	181	19	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	181	20	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	181	21	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	181	22	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	181	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	181	24	laws	law	NOUN
easat-7944	181	25	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	181	26	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	181	27	routinely	routinely	ADV
easat-7944	181	28	updated	update	VERB
easat-7944	181	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	181	30	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
easat-7944	181	31	to	to	PART
easat-7944	181	32	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7944	181	33	the	the	DET
easat-7944	181	34	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	181	35	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	181	36	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	181	37	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	181	38	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	181	39	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	181	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	182	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	182	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	182	3	modernising	modernise	VERB
easat-7944	182	4	existing	exist	VERB
easat-7944	182	5	legislation	legislation	NOUN
easat-7944	182	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	182	7	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-7944	182	8	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	182	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	182	10	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	182	11	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-7944	182	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	183	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	183	2	enables	enable	VERB
easat-7944	183	3	governments	government	NOUN
easat-7944	183	4	to	to	PART
easat-7944	183	5	address	address	VERB
easat-7944	183	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	183	7	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-7944	183	8	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	183	9	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-7944	183	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	183	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	183	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	183	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	183	14	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	183	15	process	process	NOUN
easat-7944	183	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	184	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-7944	184	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	184	3	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	184	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	184	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	184	6	to	to	PART
easat-7944	184	7	train	train	VERB
easat-7944	184	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	184	9	equip	equip	VERB
easat-7944	184	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	184	11	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	184	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	184	13	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	184	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	184	15	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7944	184	16	to	to	PART
easat-7944	184	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	184	18	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	184	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	184	20	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	184	21	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	184	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	185	1	an	an	DET
easat-7944	185	2	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	185	3	must	must	AUX
easat-7944	185	4	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	185	5	proficient	proficient	ADJ
easat-7944	185	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	185	7	knowledgeable	knowledgeable	ADJ
easat-7944	185	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	185	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	185	10	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-7944	185	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	185	12	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	185	13	patrol	patrol	NOUN
easat-7944	185	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	185	15	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	185	16	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	185	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	185	18	unlawful	unlawful	ADJ
easat-7944	185	19	activity	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	185	20	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-7944	185	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	185	22	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	185	23	any	any	DET
easat-7944	185	24	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	185	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	185	26	related	relate	VERB
easat-7944	185	27	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-7944	185	28	response	response	NOUN
easat-7944	185	29	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7944	185	30	they	they	PRON
easat-7944	185	31	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	185	32	assigned	assign	VERB
easat-7944	185	33	these	these	DET
easat-7944	185	34	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-7944	185	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	186	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	186	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	186	3	accomplished	accomplish	VERB
easat-7944	186	4	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	186	5	creating	create	VERB
easat-7944	186	6	suitable	suitable	ADJ
easat-7944	186	7	training	training	NOUN
easat-7944	186	8	programs	program	NOUN
easat-7944	186	9	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	186	10	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	186	11	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	186	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	187	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-7944	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	187	3	the	the	DET
easat-7944	187	4	provision	provision	NOUN
easat-7944	187	5	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	187	6	employees	employee	NOUN
easat-7944	187	7	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	187	8	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-7944	187	9	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	187	10	could	could	AUX
easat-7944	187	11	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	187	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	187	13	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-7944	187	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	187	15	processes	process	NOUN
easat-7944	187	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	187	17	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-7944	187	18	simplifying	simplify	VERB
easat-7944	187	19	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	187	20	work	work	NOUN
easat-7944	187	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	188	1	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	188	2	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	188	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	188	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	188	5	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-7944	188	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	188	7	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-7944	188	8	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	188	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	188	10	professionalism	professionalism	NOUN
easat-7944	188	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	188	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	188	13	integrity	integrity	NOUN
easat-7944	188	14	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	188	15	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	188	16	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-7944	188	17	through	through	ADP
easat-7944	188	18	enthusiastic	enthusiastic	ADJ
easat-7944	188	19	action	action	NOUN
easat-7944	188	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	189	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	189	2	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-7944	189	3	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	189	4	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	189	5	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	189	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	189	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	189	8	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	189	9	employed	employ	VERB
easat-7944	189	10	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	189	11	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	189	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	189	13	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	189	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	189	15	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	189	16	prioritise	prioritise	VERB
easat-7944	189	17	respect	respect	NOUN
easat-7944	189	18	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	189	19	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	189	20	rights	right	NOUN
easat-7944	189	21	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	189	22	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	189	23	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-7944	189	24	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	189	25	the	the	DET
easat-7944	189	26	public	public	NOUN
easat-7944	189	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	190	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	190	2	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	190	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	190	4	a	a	DET
easat-7944	190	5	782	782	NUM
easat-7944	190	6	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	190	7	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	190	8	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	190	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	190	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	190	11	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	190	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	190	13	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	190	14	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	190	15	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	190	16	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	190	17	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	190	18	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	190	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	190	20	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	190	21	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	191	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	191	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	191	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	191	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	191	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	191	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	191	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	191	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	191	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	191	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	191	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	191	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	191	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	191	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	191	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	191	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	191	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-7944	191	19	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-7944	191	20	productive	productive	PROPN
easat-7944	191	21	workforce	workforce	NOUN
easat-7944	191	22	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	191	23	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	191	24	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	25	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-7944	191	26	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	191	27	countries	country	NOUN
easat-7944	191	28	to	to	PART
easat-7944	191	29	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7944	191	30	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	31	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-7944	191	32	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	191	33	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	191	34	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	191	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	191	36	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-7944	191	37	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	38	bonds	bond	NOUN
easat-7944	191	39	between	between	ADP
easat-7944	191	40	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	191	41	populations	population	NOUN
easat-7944	191	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	191	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	191	44	further	far	ADV
easat-7944	191	45	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	191	46	measures	measure	NOUN
easat-7944	191	47	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	191	48	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	49	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-7944	191	50	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	191	51	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	52	public	public	NOUN
easat-7944	191	53	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	191	54	the	the	DET
easat-7944	191	55	nation	nation	NOUN
easat-7944	191	56	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	191	57	a	a	DET
easat-7944	191	58	whole	whole	NOUN
easat-7944	191	59	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	192	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-7944	192	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	192	3	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	192	4	posts	post	NOUN
easat-7944	192	5	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	192	6	a	a	DET
easat-7944	192	7	magnet	magnet	NOUN
easat-7944	192	8	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	192	9	a	a	DET
easat-7944	192	10	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-7944	192	11	array	array	NOUN
easat-7944	192	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	192	13	criminal	criminal	ADJ
easat-7944	192	14	organisations	organisation	NOUN
easat-7944	192	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	192	16	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	192	17	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	192	18	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	192	19	traffickers	trafficker	NOUN
easat-7944	192	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	192	21	narcotic	narcotic	ADJ
easat-7944	192	22	couriers	courier	NOUN
easat-7944	192	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	193	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	193	2	arrest	arrest	NOUN
easat-7944	193	3	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	193	4	taxi	taxi	NOUN
easat-7944	193	5	drivers	driver	NOUN
easat-7944	193	6	only	only	ADV
easat-7944	193	7	after	after	SCONJ
easat-7944	193	8	they	they	PRON
easat-7944	193	9	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	193	10	crossed	cross	VERB
easat-7944	193	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	193	12	bridge	bridge	NOUN
easat-7944	193	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	193	14	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	193	15	en	en	ADP
easat-7944	193	16	route	route	NOUN
easat-7944	193	17	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	193	18	gauteng	gauteng	PROPN
easat-7944	193	19	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	193	20	a	a	DET
easat-7944	193	21	prime	prime	ADJ
easat-7944	193	22	example	example	NOUN
easat-7944	193	23	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	193	24	how	how	SCONJ
easat-7944	193	25	the	the	DET
easat-7944	193	26	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-7944	193	27	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	193	28	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	193	29	patrol	patrol	NOUN
easat-7944	193	30	officials	official	NOUN
easat-7944	193	31	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	193	32	influenced	influence	VERB
easat-7944	193	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	194	1	the	the	DET
easat-7944	194	2	beitbridge	beitbridge	NOUN
easat-7944	194	3	case	case	NOUN
easat-7944	194	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	194	5	a	a	DET
easat-7944	194	6	prime	prime	ADJ
easat-7944	194	7	example	example	NOUN
easat-7944	194	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	194	9	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	194	10	which	which	PRON
easat-7944	194	11	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	194	12	a	a	DET
easat-7944	194	13	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-7944	194	14	indication	indication	NOUN
easat-7944	194	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	194	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	194	17	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	194	18	officials	official	NOUN
easat-7944	194	19	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	194	20	oblivious	oblivious	ADJ
easat-7944	194	21	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	194	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	194	23	events	event	NOUN
easat-7944	194	24	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	194	25	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	194	26	occurring	occur	VERB
easat-7944	194	27	directly	directly	ADV
easat-7944	194	28	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	194	29	front	front	NOUN
easat-7944	194	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	194	31	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	194	32	[	[	X
easat-7944	194	33	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	194	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	194	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	195	1	some	some	PRON
easat-7944	195	2	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	195	3	the	the	DET
easat-7944	195	4	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-7944	195	5	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	195	6	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-7944	195	7	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	195	8	the	the	DET
easat-7944	195	9	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
easat-7944	195	10	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	195	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	195	12	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	195	13	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	195	14	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	195	15	homelands	homeland	NOUN
easat-7944	195	16	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	195	17	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	195	18	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-7944	195	19	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	195	20	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
easat-7944	195	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	195	22	service	service	NOUN
easat-7944	195	23	safaris	safaris	NOUN
easat-7944	195	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	196	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-7944	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	196	3	these	these	DET
easat-7944	196	4	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-7944	196	5	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
easat-7944	196	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	196	7	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-7944	196	8	associated	associate	VERB
easat-7944	196	9	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	196	10	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	196	11	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
easat-7944	196	12	[	[	X
easat-7944	196	13	29	29	NUM
easat-7944	196	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	196	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	197	1	beitbridge	beitbridge	PROPN
easat-7944	197	2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
easat-7944	197	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	197	4	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	197	5	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	197	6	a	a	DET
easat-7944	197	7	frontier	frontier	NOUN
easat-7944	197	8	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	197	9	requires	require	VERB
easat-7944	197	10	international	international	ADJ
easat-7944	197	11	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	197	12	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	197	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	197	14	areas	area	NOUN
easat-7944	197	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	197	16	information	information	NOUN
easat-7944	197	17	sharing	sharing	NOUN
easat-7944	197	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	197	19	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
easat-7944	197	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	197	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	197	22	harmonised	harmonise	VERB
easat-7944	197	23	customs	custom	NOUN
easat-7944	197	24	regulations	regulation	NOUN
easat-7944	197	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	198	1	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	198	2	examining	examine	VERB
easat-7944	198	3	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	198	4	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	198	5	posts	post	NOUN
easat-7944	198	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	198	7	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	198	8	patrol	patrol	NOUN
easat-7944	198	9	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7944	198	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	198	11	legislators	legislator	NOUN
easat-7944	198	12	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	198	13	acquire	acquire	VERB
easat-7944	198	14	an	an	DET
easat-7944	198	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-7944	198	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	198	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	198	18	most	most	ADV
easat-7944	198	19	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	198	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	198	21	least	least	ADJ
easat-7944	198	22	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	198	23	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7944	198	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	199	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	199	2	order	order	NOUN
easat-7944	199	3	to	to	PART
easat-7944	199	4	implement	implement	VERB
easat-7944	199	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	199	6	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	199	7	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7944	199	8	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	199	9	beitbridge	beitbridge	NOUN
easat-7944	199	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	199	11	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	199	12	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	199	13	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7944	199	14	to	to	PART
easat-7944	199	15	establish	establish	VERB
easat-7944	199	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-7944	199	17	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	199	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	199	19	local	local	ADJ
easat-7944	199	20	residents	resident	NOUN
easat-7944	199	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	199	22	rely	rely	VERB
easat-7944	199	23	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	199	24	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-7944	199	25	information	information	NOUN
easat-7944	199	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	200	1	5.4.3	5.4.3	X
easat-7944	200	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	200	3	community	community	NOUN
easat-7944	200	4	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-7944	200	5	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	200	6	any	any	DET
easat-7944	200	7	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	200	8	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	200	9	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	200	10	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-7944	200	11	to	to	PART
easat-7944	200	12	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	200	13	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	200	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	200	15	the	the	DET
easat-7944	200	16	local	local	ADJ
easat-7944	200	17	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	200	18	must	must	AUX
easat-7944	200	19	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	200	20	involved	involve	VERB
easat-7944	200	21	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	200	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	200	23	process	process	NOUN
easat-7944	200	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	201	1	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	201	2	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-7944	201	3	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	201	4	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	201	5	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	201	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	201	7	the	the	DET
easat-7944	201	8	local	local	ADJ
easat-7944	201	9	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	201	10	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	201	11	play	play	VERB
easat-7944	201	12	a	a	DET
easat-7944	201	13	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-7944	201	14	role	role	NOUN
easat-7944	201	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	201	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	201	17	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	201	18	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	201	19	process	process	NOUN
easat-7944	201	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	202	1	looking	look	VERB
easat-7944	202	2	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	202	3	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	202	4	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	202	5	general	general	ADJ
easat-7944	202	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	202	7	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	202	8	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	202	9	important	important	ADJ
easat-7944	202	10	to	to	PART
easat-7944	202	11	note	note	VERB
easat-7944	202	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	202	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	202	14	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	202	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	202	16	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	202	17	communities	community	NOUN
easat-7944	202	18	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	202	19	very	very	ADV
easat-7944	202	20	important	important	ADJ
easat-7944	202	21	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	202	22	one	one	NUM
easat-7944	202	23	way	way	NOUN
easat-7944	202	24	or	or	CCONJ
easat-7944	202	25	another	another	PRON
easat-7944	202	26	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	202	27	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	202	28	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	202	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	202	30	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	202	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	203	1	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	203	2	this	this	DET
easat-7944	203	3	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-7944	203	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	203	5	this	this	DET
easat-7944	203	6	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-7944	203	7	recommends	recommend	VERB
easat-7944	203	8	the	the	DET
easat-7944	203	9	setting	setting	NOUN
easat-7944	203	10	up	up	ADP
easat-7944	203	11	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	203	12	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	203	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	203	14	community	community	NOUN
easat-7944	203	15	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	203	16	forums	forum	NOUN
easat-7944	203	17	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	203	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	203	19	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
easat-7944	203	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	204	1	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	204	2	can	can	AUX
easat-7944	204	3	rely	rely	VERB
easat-7944	204	4	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	204	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	204	6	eyes	eye	NOUN
easat-7944	204	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	204	8	ears	ear	NOUN
easat-7944	204	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	204	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	204	11	communities	community	NOUN
easat-7944	204	12	around	around	ADP
easat-7944	204	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	204	14	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	204	15	to	to	PART
easat-7944	204	16	detect	detect	VERB
easat-7944	204	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	204	18	remove	remove	VERB
easat-7944	204	19	community	community	NOUN
easat-7944	204	20	criminals	criminal	NOUN
easat-7944	204	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	205	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	205	2	should	should	AUX
easat-7944	205	3	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	205	4	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-7944	205	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	205	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	205	7	locals	local	NOUN
easat-7944	205	8	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	205	9	often	often	ADV
easat-7944	205	10	well	well	ADV
easat-7944	205	11	aware	aware	ADJ
easat-7944	205	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	205	13	the	the	DET
easat-7944	205	14	workings	working	NOUN
easat-7944	205	15	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	205	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	205	17	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	205	18	including	include	VERB
easat-7944	205	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	205	20	routes	route	NOUN
easat-7944	205	21	used	use	VERB
easat-7944	205	22	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	205	23	smuggling	smuggling	NOUN
easat-7944	205	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	205	25	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7944	205	26	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	205	27	border	border	ADJ
easat-7944	205	28	sneaking	sneaking	NOUN
easat-7944	205	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	205	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	205	31	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	205	32	suspicious	suspicious	ADJ
easat-7944	205	33	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-7944	205	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	206	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-7944	206	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	206	3	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	206	4	becomes	become	VERB
easat-7944	206	5	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-7944	206	6	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	206	7	bma	bma	PROPN
easat-7944	206	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	206	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	206	10	local	local	ADJ
easat-7944	206	11	population	population	NOUN
easat-7944	206	12	to	to	PART
easat-7944	206	13	cooperate	cooperate	VERB
easat-7944	206	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	206	15	the	the	DET
easat-7944	206	16	fight	fight	NOUN
easat-7944	206	17	against	against	ADP
easat-7944	206	18	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	206	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	207	1	6	6	X
easat-7944	207	2	.	.	X
easat-7944	207	3	conclusion	conclusion	VERB
easat-7944	207	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	207	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	207	6	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	207	7	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	207	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	207	9	emphasise	emphasise	VERB
easat-7944	207	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	207	11	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-7944	207	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	207	13	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-7944	207	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	207	15	adaptable	adaptable	ADJ
easat-7944	207	16	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	207	17	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	207	18	resolving	resolve	VERB
easat-7944	207	19	them	they	PRON
easat-7944	207	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	208	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	208	2	order	order	NOUN
easat-7944	208	3	to	to	PART
easat-7944	208	4	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	208	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	208	6	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-7944	208	7	crossing	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	208	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	208	9	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	208	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	208	11	to	to	PART
easat-7944	208	12	improve	improve	VERB
easat-7944	208	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	208	14	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	208	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	208	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	208	17	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	208	18	determined	determine	VERB
easat-7944	208	19	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	208	20	the	the	DET
easat-7944	208	21	public	public	NOUN
easat-7944	208	22	must	must	AUX
easat-7944	208	23	collaborate	collaborate	VERB
easat-7944	208	24	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	208	25	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	208	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	208	27	rely	rely	VERB
easat-7944	208	28	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	208	29	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-7944	208	30	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	208	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	209	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	209	2	the	the	DET
easat-7944	209	3	same	same	ADJ
easat-7944	209	4	vein	vein	NOUN
easat-7944	209	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	209	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	209	7	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	209	8	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	209	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	209	10	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-7944	209	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	209	12	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	209	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	209	14	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	209	15	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	209	16	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	209	17	contingent	contingent	ADJ
easat-7944	209	18	upon	upon	SCONJ
easat-7944	209	19	the	the	DET
easat-7944	209	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-7944	209	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	209	22	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-7944	209	23	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	209	24	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	209	25	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	209	26	founded	found	VERB
easat-7944	209	27	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	209	28	the	the	DET
easat-7944	209	29	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-7944	209	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	209	31	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-7944	209	32	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	209	33	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	209	34	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	209	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	209	36	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	209	37	rights	right	NOUN
easat-7944	209	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	209	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	209	40	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	209	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	210	1	this	this	PRON
easat-7944	210	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	210	3	because	because	SCONJ
easat-7944	210	4	the	the	DET
easat-7944	210	5	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	210	6	post	post	NOUN
easat-7944	210	7	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	210	8	predominantly	predominantly	ADV
easat-7944	210	9	intended	intend	VERB
easat-7944	210	10	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	210	11	the	the	DET
easat-7944	210	12	use	use	NOUN
easat-7944	210	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	210	14	citizens	citizen	NOUN
easat-7944	210	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	210	16	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-7944	210	17	nationals	national	NOUN
easat-7944	210	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	210	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	210	20	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	210	21	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	210	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	210	23	their	their	PRON
easat-7944	210	24	rights	right	NOUN
easat-7944	210	25	must	must	AUX
easat-7944	210	26	be	be	AUX
easat-7944	210	27	considered	consider	VERB
easat-7944	210	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	211	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	211	2	doing	do	VERB
easat-7944	211	3	so	so	ADV
easat-7944	211	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	211	5	the	the	DET
easat-7944	211	6	same	same	ADJ
easat-7944	211	7	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-7944	211	8	who	who	PRON
easat-7944	211	9	require	require	VERB
easat-7944	211	10	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-7944	211	11	also	also	ADV
easat-7944	211	12	exploit	exploit	VERB
easat-7944	211	13	lax	lax	ADJ
easat-7944	211	14	systems	system	NOUN
easat-7944	211	15	to	to	PART
easat-7944	211	16	commit	commit	VERB
easat-7944	211	17	crimes	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	211	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	212	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-7944	212	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	212	3	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	212	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	212	5	imperative	imperative	ADJ
easat-7944	212	6	to	to	PART
easat-7944	212	7	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-7944	212	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	212	9	all	all	DET
easat-7944	212	10	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	212	11	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	212	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	212	13	are	be	AUX
easat-7944	212	14	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-7944	212	15	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-7944	212	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	213	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	213	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	213	3	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-7944	213	4	to	to	PART
easat-7944	213	5	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	213	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	213	7	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	213	8	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	213	9	products	product	NOUN
easat-7944	213	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	213	11	people	people	NOUN
easat-7944	213	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	213	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	213	14	ideas	idea	NOUN
easat-7944	213	15	across	across	ADP
easat-7944	213	16	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	213	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	214	1	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
easat-7944	214	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	214	3	one	one	PRON
easat-7944	214	4	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	214	5	confronted	confront	VERB
easat-7944	214	6	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	214	7	a	a	DET
easat-7944	214	8	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-7944	214	9	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	214	10	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-7944	214	11	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	214	12	dangers	danger	NOUN
easat-7944	214	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	214	14	including	include	VERB
easat-7944	214	15	transnational	transnational	ADJ
easat-7944	214	16	crime	crime	NOUN
easat-7944	214	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	214	18	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
easat-7944	214	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	214	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	214	21	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	214	22	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	214	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	215	1	it	it	PRON
easat-7944	215	2	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	215	3	imperative	imperative	ADJ
easat-7944	215	4	to	to	PART
easat-7944	215	5	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-7944	215	6	a	a	DET
easat-7944	215	7	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	215	8	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-7944	215	9	when	when	SCONJ
easat-7944	215	10	formulating	formulate	VERB
easat-7944	215	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	215	12	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-7944	215	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	215	14	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	215	15	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	215	16	to	to	PART
easat-7944	215	17	resolve	resolve	VERB
easat-7944	215	18	these	these	DET
easat-7944	215	19	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	215	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	216	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-7944	216	2	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	216	3	should	should	AUX
easat-7944	216	4	encompass	encompass	VERB
easat-7944	216	5	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-7944	216	6	advancement	advancement	NOUN
easat-7944	216	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	216	8	interagency	interagency	NOUN
easat-7944	216	9	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
easat-7944	216	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	216	11	community	community	NOUN
easat-7944	216	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-7944	216	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	216	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	216	15	regional	regional	ADJ
easat-7944	216	16	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-7944	216	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	217	1	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	217	2	adopting	adopt	VERB
easat-7944	217	3	a	a	DET
easat-7944	217	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-7944	217	5	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-7944	217	6	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	217	7	addresses	address	VERB
easat-7944	217	8	economic	economic	ADJ
easat-7944	217	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	217	10	human	human	ADJ
easat-7944	217	11	rights	right	NOUN
easat-7944	217	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	217	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	217	14	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	217	15	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-7944	217	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	217	17	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	217	18	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	217	19	officials	official	NOUN
easat-7944	217	20	will	will	AUX
easat-7944	217	21	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-7944	217	22	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	217	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	217	24	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-7944	217	25	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	217	26	crossings	crossing	NOUN
easat-7944	217	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	217	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	217	29	foster	foster	ADJ
easat-7944	217	30	peace	peace	NOUN
easat-7944	217	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	217	32	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
easat-7944	217	33	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	217	34	the	the	DET
easat-7944	217	35	region	region	NOUN
easat-7944	217	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	218	1	783	783	NUM
easat-7944	218	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-7944	218	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-7944	218	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-7944	218	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	218	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-7944	218	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-7944	218	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	218	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-7944	218	10	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	218	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-7944	218	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	218	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	219	1	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	219	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	219	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	219	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	220	1	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	220	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	3	776	776	NUM
easat-7944	220	4	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	220	5	784	784	NUM
easat-7944	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	7	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	220	8	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-7944	220	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	10	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7944	NUM
easat-7944	220	11	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	220	12	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	220	13	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	220	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	220	15	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	220	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	17	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-7944	220	18	learning	learn	VERB
easat-7944	220	19	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-7944	220	20	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-7944	220	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	220	23	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	220	24	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-7944	220	25	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	220	26	the	the	DET
easat-7944	220	27	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-7944	220	28	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	220	29	an	an	DET
easat-7944	220	30	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-7944	220	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	32	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-7944	220	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	220	35	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-7944	220	36	account	account	NOUN
easat-7944	220	37	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	220	38	the	the	DET
easat-7944	220	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	220	40	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	41	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	220	42	no	no	DET
easat-7944	220	43	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-7944	220	44	features	feature	NOUN
easat-7944	220	45	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	220	46	the	the	DET
easat-7944	220	47	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	220	48	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	220	49	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	220	50	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-7944	220	51	;	;	PUNCT
easat-7944	220	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	220	53	that	that	SCONJ
easat-7944	220	54	any	any	DET
easat-7944	220	55	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-7944	220	56	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	220	57	the	the	DET
easat-7944	220	58	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	220	59	as	as	SCONJ
easat-7944	220	60	planned	plan	VERB
easat-7944	220	61	have	have	AUX
easat-7944	220	62	been	be	AUX
easat-7944	220	63	explained	explain	VERB
easat-7944	220	64	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	221	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	221	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	221	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-7944	221	4	all	all	DET
easat-7944	221	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-7944	221	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-7944	221	7	during	during	ADP
easat-7944	221	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-7944	221	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	222	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-7944	222	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	222	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-7944	222	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-7944	222	5	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	222	6	the	the	DET
easat-7944	222	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-7944	222	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	223	1	this	this	DET
easat-7944	223	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-7944	223	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	223	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-7944	223	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-7944	223	6	is	be	AUX
easat-7944	223	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-7944	223	8	under	under	ADP
easat-7944	223	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	223	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-7944	223	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	223	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-7944	223	13	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	223	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	223	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-7944	223	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-7944	223	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-7944	223	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	223	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-7944	223	20	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	223	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	223	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-7944	223	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	223	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-7944	223	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	223	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-7944	224	2	[	[	X
easat-7944	224	3	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	224	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7944	224	6	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7944	224	7	ani	ani	PROPN
easat-7944	224	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	9	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
easat-7944	224	10	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	224	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	224	12	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	224	13	relations	relation	NOUN
easat-7944	224	14	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	224	15	her	her	PRON
easat-7944	224	16	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
easat-7944	224	17	”	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	224	20	odo	odo	PROPN
easat-7944	224	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	22	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7944	224	23	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-7944	224	24	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7944	224	25	onwe	onwe	PROPN
easat-7944	224	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	27	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7944	224	28	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-7944	224	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	30	eds	ed	NOUN
easat-7944	224	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	224	33	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
easat-7944	224	34	peoples	people	NOUN
easat-7944	224	35	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7944	224	36	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-7944	224	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	225	1	enugu	enugu	PROPN
easat-7944	225	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	225	3	jones	jones	PROPN
easat-7944	225	4	communications	communication	NOUN
easat-7944	225	5	publishers	publisher	NOUN
easat-7944	225	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	225	7	2012	2012	NUM
easat-7944	225	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	226	2	2	2	NUM
easat-7944	226	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7944	226	5	afaha	afaha	PROPN
easat-7944	226	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	226	7	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7944	226	8	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7944	226	9	ani	ani	PROPN
easat-7944	226	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
easat-7944	226	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	226	14	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	226	15	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	226	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	226	17	role	role	NOUN
easat-7944	226	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	226	19	personnel	personnel	NOUN
easat-7944	226	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	22	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	226	23	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	226	24	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	226	25	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
easat-7944	226	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	226	27	insurgency	insurgency	NOUN
easat-7944	226	28	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	226	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	226	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	226	32	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	226	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	226	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	226	36	3	3	NUM
easat-7944	226	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	226	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	226	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	227	1	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	227	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	227	3	21	21	NUM
easat-7944	227	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	227	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-7944	227	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	228	2	3	3	X
easat-7944	228	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7944	228	5	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-7944	228	6	ashe	ashe	PROPN
easat-7944	228	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	228	8	v.	v.	PROPN
easat-7944	228	9	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-7944	228	10	ojong	ojong	PROPN
easat-7944	228	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	228	14	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	228	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	228	16	gender	gender	NOUN
easat-7944	228	17	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	228	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	228	19	sub	sub	ADJ
easat-7944	228	20	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	228	21	saharan	saharan	ADJ
easat-7944	228	22	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	228	23	’s	’s	PART
easat-7944	228	24	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-7944	228	25	-	-	ADJ
easat-7944	228	26	border	border	ADJ
easat-7944	228	27	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-7944	228	28	under	under	ADP
easat-7944	228	29	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
easat-7944	228	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	32	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	228	33	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	228	34	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	228	35	gender	gender	NOUN
easat-7944	228	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	37	society	society	NOUN
easat-7944	228	38	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7944	228	39	development	development	PROPN
easat-7944	228	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	228	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	228	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	229	1	11	11	NUM
easat-7944	229	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	229	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	229	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	229	5	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	229	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	229	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	229	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	230	1	33	33	NUM
easat-7944	230	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	230	3	25	25	NUM
easat-7944	230	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	230	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-7944	230	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	231	1	https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a2	https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a2	X
easat-7944	232	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	232	2	4	4	NUM
easat-7944	232	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	232	4	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-7944	232	5	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-7944	232	6	zanker	zanker	PROPN
easat-7944	232	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	232	8	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7944	232	9	moyo	moyo	PROPN
easat-7944	232	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	232	13	corona	corona	PROPN
easat-7944	232	14	virus	virus	NOUN
easat-7944	232	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	232	16	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	232	17	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-7944	232	18	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	232	19	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	232	20	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	232	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	22	business	business	NOUN
easat-7944	232	23	as	as	ADP
easat-7944	232	24	usual	usual	ADJ
easat-7944	232	25	?	?	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	28	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	232	29	spectrum	spectrum	PROPN
easat-7944	232	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	232	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	232	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	233	1	55	55	NUM
easat-7944	233	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	233	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	233	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	233	5	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	233	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	233	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	234	1	100	100	NUM
easat-7944	234	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	234	3	112	112	NUM
easat-7944	234	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	234	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-7944	234	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	235	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039720925826	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039720925826	VERB
easat-7944	236	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	236	2	5	5	NUM
easat-7944	236	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	4	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	236	5	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	236	6	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	236	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	236	10	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	236	11	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-7944	236	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	13	bma	bma	NOUN
easat-7944	236	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	15	media	medium	NOUN
easat-7944	236	16	statement	statement	NOUN
easat-7944	236	17	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	236	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	236	19	events	event	NOUN
easat-7944	236	20	that	that	PRON
easat-7944	236	21	took	take	VERB
easat-7944	236	22	place	place	NOUN
easat-7944	236	23	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	236	24	the	the	DET
easat-7944	236	25	beitbridge	beitbridge	NOUN
easat-7944	236	26	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	236	27	post	post	NOUN
easat-7944	236	28	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	236	29	the	the	DET
easat-7944	236	30	2nd	2nd	ADJ
easat-7944	236	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	236	32	3rd	3rd	ADJ
easat-7944	236	33	december	december	PROPN
easat-7944	236	34	2023	2023	NUM
easat-7944	236	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	37	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
easat-7944	236	38	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	236	39	https://www.bma.gov.za/wpcontent/uploads/2023/12/the-statement-on-border-management-authority-3rd-dec-2-1-003-pdf.pdf	https://www.bma.gov.za/wpcontent/uploads/2023/12/the-statement-on-border-management-authority-3rd-dec-2-1-003-pdf.pdf	NOUN
easat-7944	236	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	237	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	237	2	accessed	access	VERB
easat-7944	237	3	22	22	NUM
easat-7944	237	4	may	may	NOUN
easat-7944	237	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7944	237	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	237	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	237	8	2023	2023	NUM
easat-7944	237	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	238	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	238	2	6	6	NUM
easat-7944	238	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	238	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7944	238	5	gakunga	gakunga	NOUN
easat-7944	238	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	238	7	small	small	PROPN
easat-7944	238	8	cross	cross	NOUN
easat-7944	238	9	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	238	10	traders	trader	NOUN
easat-7944	238	11	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-7944	238	12	new	new	ADJ
easat-7944	238	13	business	business	NOUN
easat-7944	238	14	tactics	tactic	NOUN
easat-7944	238	15	to	to	PART
easat-7944	238	16	manage	manage	VERB
easat-7944	238	17	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
easat-7944	238	18	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
easat-7944	238	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	239	1	zambia	zambia	PROPN
easat-7944	239	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	239	3	comesa	comesa	PROPN
easat-7944	239	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	239	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-7944	239	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	240	2	7	7	X
easat-7944	240	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	4	t.	t.	NOUN
easat-7944	240	5	dithebe	dithebe	NOUN
easat-7944	240	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	240	7	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7944	240	8	mukhuba	mukhuba	PROPN
easat-7944	240	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	11	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	240	12	policing	policing	NOUN
easat-7944	240	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	240	14	the	the	DET
easat-7944	240	15	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-7944	240	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	240	17	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	240	18	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	240	19	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	240	20	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	240	21	postapartheid	postapartheid	NOUN
easat-7944	240	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	24	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	240	25	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	240	26	borderlands	borderlands	PROPN
easat-7944	240	27	studies	studies	PROPN
easat-7944	240	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	240	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	240	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	241	1	33	33	NUM
easat-7944	241	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	241	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	241	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	241	5	2	2	NUM
easat-7944	241	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	241	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	241	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	242	1	225	225	NUM
easat-7944	242	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	242	3	242	242	NUM
easat-7944	242	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	242	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-7944	242	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	243	2	8	8	NUM
easat-7944	243	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	243	4	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-7944	243	5	goitom	goitom	PROPN
easat-7944	243	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	8	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
easat-7944	243	9	pathways	pathway	NOUN
easat-7944	243	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	243	11	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	243	12	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-7944	243	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	15	presented	present	VERB
easat-7944	243	16	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	243	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	243	18	the	the	DET
easat-7944	243	19	law	law	NOUN
easat-7944	243	20	library	library	NOUN
easat-7944	243	21	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	243	22	congress	congress	PROPN
easat-7944	243	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	24	global	global	ADJ
easat-7944	243	25	legal	legal	ADJ
easat-7944	243	26	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	243	27	centre	centre	NOUN
easat-7944	243	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	29	united	united	PROPN
easat-7944	243	30	states	states	PROPN
easat-7944	243	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	243	32	2013	2013	NUM
easat-7944	243	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	244	2	9	9	NUM
easat-7944	244	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7944	244	5	crush	crush	PROPN
easat-7944	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	244	7	v.	v.	ADP
easat-7944	244	8	williams	williams	PROPN
easat-7944	244	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	11	international	international	ADJ
easat-7944	244	12	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	244	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	244	14	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	244	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	16	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-7944	244	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	244	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	244	19	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	244	20	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	244	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	244	22	southern	southern	PROPN
easat-7944	244	23	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	244	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	26	presented	present	VERB
easat-7944	244	27	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	244	28	the	the	DET
easat-7944	244	29	united	united	PROPN
easat-7944	244	30	nations	nations	PROPN
easat-7944	244	31	expert	expert	PROPN
easat-7944	244	32	group	group	PROPN
easat-7944	244	33	meeting	meeting	NOUN
easat-7944	244	34	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	244	35	international	international	ADJ
easat-7944	244	36	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	244	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	244	38	development	development	NOUN
easat-7944	244	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	40	new	new	PROPN
easat-7944	244	41	york	york	PROPN
easat-7944	244	42	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	43	united	united	PROPN
easat-7944	244	44	nations	nations	PROPN
easat-7944	244	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	244	46	2005	2005	NUM
easat-7944	244	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	245	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	245	2	10	10	NUM
easat-7944	245	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	245	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7944	245	5	adepoju	adepoju	PROPN
easat-7944	245	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	245	7	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	245	8	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	245	9	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	245	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	245	11	an	an	DET
easat-7944	245	12	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-7944	245	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	1	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	246	2	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7944	246	3	adepoju	adepoju	PROPN
easat-7944	246	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	5	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-7944	246	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	7	)	)	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	9	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	246	10	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	246	11	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	246	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	13	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-7944	246	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	246	15	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	246	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	246	17	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	246	18	options	option	NOUN
easat-7944	246	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	247	1	uppsala	uppsala	PROPN
easat-7944	247	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	247	3	sweden	sweden	PROPN
easat-7944	247	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	247	5	nordic	nordic	PROPN
easat-7944	247	6	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	247	7	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-7944	247	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	247	9	2003	2003	NUM
easat-7944	247	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	248	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	248	2	11	11	NUM
easat-7944	248	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	248	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-7944	248	5	goodger	goodger	NOUN
easat-7944	248	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	248	7	beit	beit	PROPN
easat-7944	248	8	bridge	bridge	PROPN
easat-7944	248	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	248	10	the	the	DET
easat-7944	248	11	zimbabwean	zimbabwean	PROPN
easat-7944	248	12	versus	versus	ADP
easat-7944	248	13	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	248	14	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	248	15	side	side	NOUN
easat-7944	248	16	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	248	17	the	the	DET
easat-7944	248	18	bordergetting	bordergetting	NOUN
easat-7944	248	19	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	248	20	grips	grip	NOUN
easat-7944	248	21	with	with	ADP
easat-7944	248	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	248	23	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-7944	248	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	249	1	zimbabwe	zimbabwe	ADJ
easat-7944	249	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	249	3	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	249	4	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	249	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	249	6	taxtalk	taxtalk	NOUN
easat-7944	249	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	249	8	2024	2024	NUM
easat-7944	249	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	250	2	12	12	NUM
easat-7944	250	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7944	250	5	arieli	arieli	ADJ
easat-7944	250	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	8	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	250	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	10	conflict	conflict	NOUN
easat-7944	250	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	250	12	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	250	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	15	international	international	ADJ
easat-7944	250	16	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	250	17	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	250	18	conflict	conflict	NOUN
easat-7944	250	19	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	250	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	21	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	250	22	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	250	23	27	27	NUM
easat-7944	250	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	25	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	250	26	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	250	27	4	4	NUM
easat-7944	250	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	29	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	250	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	31	487	487	NUM
easat-7944	250	32	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	250	33	504	504	NUM
easat-7944	250	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	250	35	2016	2016	NUM
easat-7944	250	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	251	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-08-2015-0050	https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-08-2015-0050	VERB
easat-7944	252	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	252	2	13	13	NUM
easat-7944	252	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7944	252	5	hoff	hoff	PROPN
easat-7944	252	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	7	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-7944	252	8	anderson	anderson	PROPN
easat-7944	252	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	252	11	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7944	252	12	bjørgo	bjørgo	PROPN
easat-7944	252	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	15	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	252	16	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	252	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	18	new	new	ADJ
easat-7944	252	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	252	20	to	to	ADP
easat-7944	252	21	old	old	ADJ
easat-7944	252	22	questions	question	NOUN
easat-7944	252	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	25	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	252	26	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	252	27	borderlands	borderlands	PROPN
easat-7944	252	28	studies	studies	PROPN
easat-7944	252	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	252	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	252	32	28	28	NUM
easat-7944	252	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	252	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	252	36	3	3	NUM
easat-7944	252	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	252	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	252	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	253	1	245–261	245–261	NUM
easat-7944	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	253	3	2013	2013	NUM
easat-7944	253	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	254	2	14	14	NUM
easat-7944	254	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	254	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-7944	254	5	brunet	brunet	PROPN
easat-7944	254	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	7	jailly	jailly	ADV
easat-7944	254	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	10	theorizing	theorize	VERB
easat-7944	254	11	borders	border	NOUN
easat-7944	254	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	13	an	an	DET
easat-7944	254	14	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
easat-7944	254	15	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-7944	254	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	18	geopolitics	geopolitic	NOUN
easat-7944	254	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	254	20	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	254	21	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	255	1	10	10	NUM
easat-7944	255	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	255	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	255	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	255	5	4	4	NUM
easat-7944	255	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	255	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	255	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	256	1	633	633	NUM
easat-7944	256	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	256	3	649	649	NUM
easat-7944	256	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	256	5	2005	2005	NUM
easat-7944	256	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	257	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040500318449	https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040500318449	NOUN
easat-7944	258	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	258	2	15	15	NUM
easat-7944	258	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	258	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-7944	258	5	lehohla	lehohla	NOUN
easat-7944	258	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	258	7	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	258	8	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-7944	258	9	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	258	10	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	258	11	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	258	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	259	1	pretoria	pretoria	PROPN
easat-7944	259	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	259	3	statistics	statistics	PROPN
easat-7944	259	4	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	259	5	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	259	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	259	7	2015	2015	NUM
easat-7944	259	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	260	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	260	2	16	16	NUM
easat-7944	260	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	260	4	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-7944	260	5	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-7944	260	6	zolberg	zolberg	PROPN
easat-7944	260	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	260	8	a	a	DET
easat-7944	260	9	nation	nation	NOUN
easat-7944	260	10	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	260	11	design	design	NOUN
easat-7944	260	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	260	13	immigration	immigration	NOUN
easat-7944	260	14	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-7944	260	15	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	260	16	the	the	DET
easat-7944	260	17	fashioning	fashioning	NOUN
easat-7944	260	18	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	260	19	america	america	PROPN
easat-7944	260	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	261	1	new	new	PROPN
easat-7944	261	2	york	york	PROPN
easat-7944	261	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	261	4	russell	russell	PROPN
easat-7944	261	5	sage	sage	PROPN
easat-7944	261	6	foundation	foundation	PROPN
easat-7944	261	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	261	8	2006	2006	NUM
easat-7944	261	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	262	2	17	17	NUM
easat-7944	262	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7944	262	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-7944	262	6	okunade	okunade	PROPN
easat-7944	262	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	262	8	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-7944	262	9	ogunnubi	ogunnubi	ADV
easat-7944	262	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	12	the	the	DET
easat-7944	262	13	african	african	PROPN
easat-7944	262	14	union	union	PROPN
easat-7944	262	15	protocol	protocol	NOUN
easat-7944	262	16	on	on	ADP
easat-7944	262	17	free	free	ADJ
easat-7944	262	18	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	262	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	20	a	a	DET
easat-7944	262	21	panacea	panacea	NOUN
easat-7944	262	22	to	to	PART
easat-7944	262	23	end	end	VERB
easat-7944	262	24	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	262	25	porosity	porosity	NOUN
easat-7944	262	26	?	?	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	262	30	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	262	31	african	african	PROPN
easat-7944	262	32	union	union	PROPN
easat-7944	262	33	studies	study	NOUN
easat-7944	262	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	262	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	262	37	8	8	NUM
easat-7944	262	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	39	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	262	40	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	262	41	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	262	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	262	43	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	262	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	263	1	73	73	NUM
easat-7944	263	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	263	3	91	91	NUM
easat-7944	263	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	263	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-7944	263	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	264	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	264	2	18	18	NUM
easat-7944	264	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	264	4	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-7944	264	5	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-7944	264	6	martin	martin	PROPN
easat-7944	264	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	264	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	264	9	the	the	DET
easat-7944	264	10	global	global	ADJ
easat-7944	264	11	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	264	12	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	264	13	managing	manage	VERB
easat-7944	264	14	migration	migration	NOUN
easat-7944	264	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	264	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	264	17	population	population	NOUN
easat-7944	264	18	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN
easat-7944	264	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	264	20	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	264	21	.	.	PROPN
easat-7944	265	1	68	68	NUM
easat-7944	265	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	265	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	265	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	265	5	02	02	NUM
easat-7944	265	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	265	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-7944	265	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	266	1	1	1	NUM
easat-7944	266	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	266	3	17	17	NUM
easat-7944	266	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	266	5	2013	2013	NUM
easat-7944	266	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	267	2	19	19	NUM
easat-7944	267	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-7944	267	5	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-7944	267	6	mahlangu	mahlangu	PROPN
easat-7944	267	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	267	8	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-7944	267	9	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-7944	267	10	obioha	obioha	PROPN
easat-7944	267	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-7944	267	14	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	267	15	land	land	NOUN
easat-7944	267	16	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	267	17	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	267	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	267	19	control	control	NOUN
easat-7944	267	20	experienced	experience	VERB
easat-7944	267	21	by	by	ADP
easat-7944	267	22	the	the	DET
easat-7944	267	23	south	south	ADJ
easat-7944	267	24	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	267	25	police	police	NOUN
easat-7944	267	26	service	service	NOUN
easat-7944	267	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	267	28	other	other	ADJ
easat-7944	267	29	agencies	agency	NOUN
easat-7944	267	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	32	acta	acta	PROPN
easat-7944	267	33	criminologica	criminologica	PROPN
easat-7944	267	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	35	african	african	ADJ
easat-7944	267	36	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-7944	267	37	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	267	38	criminology	criminology	NOUN
easat-7944	267	39	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7944	267	40	victimology	victimology	NOUN
easat-7944	267	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	42	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-7944	267	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-7944	267	44	2015	2015	NUM
easat-7944	267	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	267	46	no	no	INTJ
easat-7944	267	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	268	1	sed4	sed4	PROPN
easat-7944	268	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	268	3	pp	pp	X
easat-7944	268	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	269	1	107	107	NUM
easat-7944	269	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	269	3	132	132	NUM
easat-7944	269	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	269	5	2015	2015	NUM
easat-7944	269	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	270	1	https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/ejc188443	https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/ejc188443	PROPN
easat-7944	271	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	271	2	20	20	NUM
easat-7944	271	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	271	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7944	271	5	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-7944	271	6	moodley	moodley	PROPN
easat-7944	271	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	9	an	an	DET
easat-7944	271	10	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-7944	271	11	into	into	ADP
easat-7944	271	12	illegal	illegal	ADJ
easat-7944	271	13	movement	movement	NOUN
easat-7944	271	14	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	271	15	goods	good	NOUN
easat-7944	271	16	from	from	ADP
easat-7944	271	17	seaports	seaport	NOUN
easat-7944	271	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	19	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	271	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	21	entry	entry	NOUN
easat-7944	271	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	23	a	a	DET
easat-7944	271	24	case	case	NOUN
easat-7944	271	25	study	study	NOUN
easat-7944	271	26	at	at	ADP
easat-7944	271	27	durban	durban	PROPN
easat-7944	271	28	harbour	harbour	NOUN
easat-7944	271	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	31	unpublished	unpublished	ADJ
easat-7944	271	32	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
easat-7944	271	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	271	34	mtech	mtech	NOUN
easat-7944	271	35	in	in	ADP
easat-7944	271	36	security	security	NOUN
easat-7944	271	37	management	management	NOUN
easat-7944	271	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	272	1	pretoria	pretoria	PROPN
easat-7944	272	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	272	3	university	university	NOUN
easat-7944	272	4	of	of	ADP
easat-7944	272	5	south	south	PROPN
easat-7944	272	6	africa	africa	PROPN
easat-7944	272	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	272	8	2014	2014	NUM
easat-7944	272	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	273	2	21	21	NUM
easat-7944	273	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	273	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-7944	273	5	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-7944	273	6	polit	polit	PROPN
easat-7944	273	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	273	8	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-7944	273	9	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-7944	273	10	beck	beck	PROPN
easat-7944	273	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	12	nursing	nursing	NOUN
easat-7944	273	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	273	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	15	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-7944	273	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-7944	273	17	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7944	273	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	19	7th	7th	ADJ
easat-7944	273	20	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-7944	273	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	22	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
easat-7944	273	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	24	pa	pa	PROPN
easat-7944	273	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	26	usa	usa	PROPN
easat-7944	273	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	28	lippincott	lippincott	PROPN
easat-7944	273	29	williams	williams	PROPN
easat-7944	273	30	&	&	CCONJ
easat-7944	273	31	wilkins	wilkins	PROPN
easat-7944	273	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	273	33	2004	2004	NUM
easat-7944	273	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	274	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	274	2	22	22	NUM
easat-7944	274	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-7944	274	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7944	274	5	bryman	bryman	NOUN
easat-7944	274	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	274	7	social	social	ADJ
easat-7944	274	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-7944	274	9	methods	method	NOUN
easat-7944	274	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	274	11	4th	4th	ADJ
easat-7944	274	12	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-7944	274	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	275	1	oxford	oxford	NOUN
easat-7944	275	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-7944	275	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
easat-7944	275	4	university	university	PROPN
easat-7944	275	5	press	press	NOUN
easat-7944	275	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	275	7	2012	2012	NUM
easat-7944	275	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	276	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	276	2	23	23	NUM
easat-7944	276	3	]	]	X
easat-7944	276	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-7944	276	5	grundling	grundling	NOUN
easat-7944	276	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-7944	276	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-7944	276	8	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-7944	276	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-7944	276	10	needed	need	VERB
easat-7944	276	11	for	for	ADP
easat-7944	276	12	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-7944	276	13	border	border	NOUN
easat-7944	276	14	security	security	NOUN
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easat-7944	276	21	roost	roost	VERB
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easat-7944	276	23	warfare	warfare	NOUN
easat-7944	276	24	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-7944	276	25	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-7944	277	2	-	-	SYM
easat-7944	277	3	5	5	NUM
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easat-7944	278	5	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-7944	278	7	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-7944	281	20	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-7944	282	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-7944	282	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-7944	283	1	[	[	X
easat-7944	283	2	25	25	NUM
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easat-7944	284	8	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-7944	290	5	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-7944	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
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