id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-9251	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	2	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	2	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	2	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-9251	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-9251	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	2	17	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	2	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	2	19	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	3	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	3	10	©	©	PROPN
easat-9251	3	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	3	12	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	3	13	the	the	DET
easat-9251	3	14	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	3	15	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	16	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	3	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	3	18	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	3	19	history	history	NOUN
easat-9251	3	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	21	received	receive	VERB
easat-9251	3	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	23	23	23	NUM
easat-9251	3	24	may	may	NOUN
easat-9251	3	25	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	3	26	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	27	revised	revise	VERB
easat-9251	3	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	29	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	3	30	july2025	july2025	PROPN
easat-9251	3	31	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	32	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-9251	3	33	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	34	14	14	NUM
easat-9251	3	35	july	july	PROPN
easat-9251	3	36	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	3	37	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	38	published	publish	VERB
easat-9251	3	39	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	40	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	3	41	august	august	PROPN
easat-9251	3	42	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	3	43	*	*	PUNCT
easat-9251	3	44	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-9251	3	45	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	1	director@liba.edu	director@liba.edu	X
easat-9251	4	2	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	4	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	4	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	4	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	4	6	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	4	7	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
easat-9251	4	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	4	9	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	4	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	11	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	4	12	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	4	13	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	4	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	15	a	a	DET
easat-9251	4	16	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9251	4	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	4	18	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	4	19	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	4	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	4	21	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9251	4	22	joe	joe	PROPN
easat-9251	4	23	arun	arun	PROPN
easat-9251	4	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	25	sj1	sj1	PROPN
easat-9251	4	26	*	*	PROPN
easat-9251	4	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	28	kishore	kishore	PROPN
easat-9251	4	29	kunal2	kunal2	PROPN
easat-9251	4	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	31	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-9251	4	32	kumari3	kumari3	PROPN
easat-9251	4	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	34	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	4	35	manikandan4	manikandan4	PROPN
easat-9251	4	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	37	pillalamarri	pillalamarri	NOUN
easat-9251	4	38	lavanya5	lavanya5	PROPN
easat-9251	4	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	4	40	vairavel	vairavel	ADJ
easat-9251	4	41	madeshwaren6	madeshwaren6	PROPN
easat-9251	5	1	1loyola	1loyola	NUM
easat-9251	5	2	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-9251	5	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	5	4	business	business	PROPN
easat-9251	5	5	administration	administration	PROPN
easat-9251	5	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	7	liba	liba	PROPN
easat-9251	5	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	10	chennai	chennai	PROPN
easat-9251	5	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	12	tamil	tamil	PROPN
easat-9251	5	13	nadu	nadu	PROPN
easat-9251	5	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	15	india	india	PROPN
easat-9251	5	16	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	17	director@liba.edu	director@liba.edu	PROPN
easat-9251	5	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	19	c.j.a	c.j.a	NOUN
easat-9251	5	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	5	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	1	2department	2department	NUM
easat-9251	6	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	6	3	business	business	NOUN
easat-9251	6	4	analytics	analytic	NOUN
easat-9251	6	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	6	loyola	loyola	PROPN
easat-9251	6	7	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-9251	6	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	6	9	business	business	PROPN
easat-9251	6	10	administration	administration	PROPN
easat-9251	6	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	12	liba	liba	PROPN
easat-9251	6	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	15	chennai	chennai	PROPN
easat-9251	6	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	17	tamil	tamil	PROPN
easat-9251	6	18	nadu	nadu	PROPN
easat-9251	6	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	20	india	india	PROPN
easat-9251	6	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	22	kishore81.research@gmail.com	kishore81.research@gmail.com	X
easat-9251	6	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	24	k.k	k.k	PROPN
easat-9251	6	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	6	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	6	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	7	1	3department	3department	NUM
easat-9251	7	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	7	3	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-9251	7	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	7	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	7	6	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9251	7	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	7	8	excel	excel	VERB
easat-9251	7	9	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9251	7	10	college	college	NOUN
easat-9251	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	7	12	komarapalayam	komarapalayam	PROPN
easat-9251	7	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	7	14	tamil	tamil	PROPN
easat-9251	7	15	nadu	nadu	PROPN
easat-9251	7	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	7	17	india	india	PROPN
easat-9251	7	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	1	4department	4department	NUM
easat-9251	8	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	8	3	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-9251	8	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	8	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	8	6	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9251	8	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	8	saveetha	saveetha	PROPN
easat-9251	8	9	school	school	PROPN
easat-9251	8	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	8	11	engineering	engineering	PROPN
easat-9251	8	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	13	saveetha	saveetha	PROPN
easat-9251	8	14	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-9251	8	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	8	16	medical	medical	ADJ
easat-9251	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	8	18	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-9251	8	19	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-9251	8	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	21	simats	simat	NOUN
easat-9251	8	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	24	saveetha	saveetha	PROPN
easat-9251	8	25	university	university	PROPN
easat-9251	8	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	27	thandalam	thandalam	PROPN
easat-9251	8	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	29	chennai-602105	chennai-602105	ADJ
easat-9251	8	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	31	india	india	PROPN
easat-9251	8	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	33	manikandanm10@gmail.com	manikandanm10@gmail.com	X
easat-9251	8	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	35	m.m	m.m	PROPN
easat-9251	8	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	8	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	8	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	1	5department	5department	NUM
easat-9251	9	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	9	3	physics	physics	PROPN
easat-9251	9	4	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9251	9	5	electronics	electronics	PROPN
easat-9251	9	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	7	bhavan	bhavan	PROPN
easat-9251	9	8	's	's	PART
easat-9251	9	9	vivekananda	vivekananda	PROPN
easat-9251	9	10	college	college	PROPN
easat-9251	9	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	9	12	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	9	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	14	humanities	humanity	NOUN
easat-9251	9	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	9	16	commerce	commerce	PROPN
easat-9251	9	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	18	hyderabad	hyderabad	PROPN
easat-9251	9	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	20	telangana	telangana	PROPN
easat-9251	9	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	22	india	india	PROPN
easat-9251	9	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	24	lavanya.elec@bhavansvc.ac.in	lavanya.elec@bhavansvc.ac.in	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	26	p.l	p.l	PROPN
easat-9251	9	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	9	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	10	1	6department	6department	NUM
easat-9251	10	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	10	3	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
easat-9251	10	4	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9251	10	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	10	6	dhanalakshmi	dhanalakshmi	PROPN
easat-9251	10	7	srinivasan	srinivasan	NOUN
easat-9251	10	8	college	college	PROPN
easat-9251	10	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	10	10	engineering	engineering	PROPN
easat-9251	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	10	12	coimbatore	coimbatore	PROPN
easat-9251	10	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	10	14	tamil	tamil	PROPN
easat-9251	10	15	nadu	nadu	PROPN
easat-9251	10	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	10	17	india	india	PROPN
easat-9251	10	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	10	19	phdannauniv2020@gmail.com	phdannauniv2020@gmail.com	X
easat-9251	11	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	11	2	v.m	v.m	PROPN
easat-9251	11	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	11	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	1	abstract	abstract	NOUN
easat-9251	12	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	12	4	rapid	rapid	ADJ
easat-9251	12	5	evolution	evolution	NOUN
easat-9251	12	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	12	7	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	12	8	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	12	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	10	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	12	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	12	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	12	13	reshaping	reshape	VERB
easat-9251	12	14	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	12	15	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	12	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	17	av	av	NOUN
easat-9251	12	18	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	19	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	12	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	21	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	12	22	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	12	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	24	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	12	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	26	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	12	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	12	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	12	29	vehicular	vehicular	ADJ
easat-9251	12	30	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	12	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	13	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9251	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	13	3	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	13	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	13	5	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	13	6	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
easat-9251	13	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	13	8	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-9251	13	9	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	13	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	13	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	13	12	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	13	13	path	path	NOUN
easat-9251	13	14	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	13	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	13	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	13	17	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-9251	13	18	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	13	19	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-9251	13	20	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-9251	13	21	remain	remain	VERB
easat-9251	13	22	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9251	13	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9251	13	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	14	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	14	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	14	3	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9251	14	4	to	to	PART
easat-9251	14	5	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9251	14	6	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	14	7	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	14	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	14	9	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-9251	14	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	14	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	14	12	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	14	13	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	14	14	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	14	15	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-9251	14	16	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	14	17	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	14	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	14	19	benchmarking	benchmarke	VERB
easat-9251	14	20	them	they	PRON
easat-9251	14	21	against	against	ADP
easat-9251	14	22	conventional	conventional	ADJ
easat-9251	14	23	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	14	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	14	25	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	14	26	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	14	27	to	to	PART
easat-9251	14	28	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	14	29	strengths	strength	NOUN
easat-9251	14	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	14	31	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-9251	14	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	15	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	15	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	15	3	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-9251	15	4	a	a	DET
easat-9251	15	5	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	15	6	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	15	7	phase	phase	ADJ
easat-9251	15	8	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-9251	15	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	15	10	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-9251	15	11	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9251	15	12	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	15	13	integrated	integrated	ADJ
easat-9251	15	14	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	15	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	15	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	15	17	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	15	18	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	15	19	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	15	20	simulation	simulation	NOUN
easat-9251	15	21	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	15	22	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	15	23	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	15	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	15	25	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	15	26	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	16	1	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-9251	16	2	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	16	3	modeling	modeling	NOUN
easat-9251	16	4	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	16	5	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	16	6	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	16	7	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	16	8	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	16	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	16	10	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	16	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	16	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	16	13	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	16	14	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	16	15	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	16	16	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	16	17	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	16	18	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	16	19	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	16	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	17	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	17	2	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	17	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	17	4	predictive	predictive	ADJ
easat-9251	17	5	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	17	6	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	17	7	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
easat-9251	17	8	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	17	9	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	17	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	17	11	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	17	12	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	17	13	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	17	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	1	long	long	ADJ
easat-9251	18	2	short	short	ADJ
easat-9251	18	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	4	term	term	NOUN
easat-9251	18	5	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-9251	18	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	7	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	18	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	9	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	18	10	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	18	11	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	18	12	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	18	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	14	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	18	15	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	18	16	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	18	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	18	dnns	dnn	NOUN
easat-9251	18	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	18	22	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-9251	18	23	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	18	24	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	18	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	26	cnns	cnns	PROPN
easat-9251	18	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	28	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	18	29	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	18	30	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	18	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	18	33	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	18	34	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	18	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	36	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	18	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	38	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	18	39	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	18	40	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	18	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	18	42	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	18	43	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	18	44	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	18	45	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	18	46	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	18	47	important	important	ADJ
easat-9251	18	48	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	18	49	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	18	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	19	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9251	19	2	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	19	3	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	19	4	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	19	5	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	19	6	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	19	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	19	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	19	9	surroundings	surrounding	NOUN
easat-9251	19	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	19	11	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	19	12	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	19	13	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	19	14	investigated	investigate	VERB
easat-9251	19	15	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	19	16	low	low	ADJ
easat-9251	19	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	19	18	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	19	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	19	20	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	19	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	19	22	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9251	19	23	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-9251	19	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	20	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	20	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	20	3	supports	support	VERB
easat-9251	20	4	future	future	ADJ
easat-9251	20	5	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-9251	20	6	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	20	7	safe	safe	ADJ
easat-9251	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	20	9	scalable	scalable	ADJ
easat-9251	20	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	20	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	20	12	morally	morally	ADV
easat-9251	20	13	sound	sound	VERB
easat-9251	20	14	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	20	15	mobility	mobility	NOUN
easat-9251	20	16	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	20	17	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9251	20	18	confirming	confirm	VERB
easat-9251	20	19	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	20	20	's	's	PART
easat-9251	20	21	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	20	22	to	to	PART
easat-9251	20	23	handle	handle	VERB
easat-9251	20	24	functional	functional	ADJ
easat-9251	20	25	av	av	NOUN
easat-9251	20	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9251	20	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-9251	21	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	3	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	21	4	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	21	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	6	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	21	7	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	21	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	9	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	21	10	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	21	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	12	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	21	13	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	21	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	15	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	21	16	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	21	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	18	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	21	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	21	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	21	21	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	21	22	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	21	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	22	1	1	1	X
easat-9251	22	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	22	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-9251	22	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	22	5	future	future	NOUN
easat-9251	22	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	22	7	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	22	8	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	22	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	22	10	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	22	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	22	12	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	22	13	being	be	AUX
easat-9251	22	14	profoundly	profoundly	ADV
easat-9251	22	15	altered	alter	VERB
easat-9251	22	16	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	22	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	22	18	quick	quick	ADJ
easat-9251	22	19	developments	development	NOUN
easat-9251	22	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	22	21	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	22	22	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	22	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	22	24	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-9251	22	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	22	26	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	22	27	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	22	28	changing	change	VERB
easat-9251	22	29	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9251	22	30	these	these	DET
easat-9251	22	31	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	22	32	see	see	VERB
easat-9251	22	33	comprehend	comprehend	VERB
easat-9251	22	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	22	35	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9251	22	36	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	22	37	their	their	PRON
easat-9251	22	38	surroundings	surrounding	NOUN
easat-9251	22	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	23	1	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	23	2	even	even	ADV
easat-9251	23	3	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	23	4	ais	ais	PROPN
easat-9251	23	5	'	'	PART
easat-9251	23	6	bright	bright	ADJ
easat-9251	23	7	future	future	NOUN
easat-9251	23	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	23	9	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	23	10	several	several	ADJ
easat-9251	23	11	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9251	23	12	still	still	ADV
easat-9251	23	13	need	need	VERB
easat-9251	23	14	to	to	PART
easat-9251	23	15	be	be	AUX
easat-9251	23	16	resolved	resolve	VERB
easat-9251	23	17	such	such	ADJ
easat-9251	23	18	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	23	19	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	23	20	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	23	21	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-9251	23	22	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	23	23	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	23	24	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	23	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	23	26	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	23	27	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	23	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	23	29	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	23	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	23	31	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9251	23	32	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	23	33	hostile	hostile	ADJ
easat-9251	23	34	interference	interference	NOUN
easat-9251	23	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	24	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9251	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	24	3	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	24	4	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	24	5	develops	develop	VERB
easat-9251	24	6	further	far	ADV
easat-9251	24	7	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	24	8	becomes	become	VERB
easat-9251	24	9	more	more	ADV
easat-9251	24	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	24	11	more	more	ADV
easat-9251	24	12	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-9251	24	13	to	to	PART
easat-9251	24	14	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	24	15	various	various	ADJ
easat-9251	24	16	ai	ai	AUX
easat-9251	24	17	paradigms	paradigm	VERB
easat-9251	24	18	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9251	24	19	to	to	PART
easat-9251	24	20	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
easat-9251	24	21	scalability	scalability	NOUN
easat-9251	24	22	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	24	23	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	24	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	24	25	deployment	deployment	NOUN
easat-9251	24	26	ethics	ethic	NOUN
easat-9251	24	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	25	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	25	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	25	3	investigates	investigate	VERB
easat-9251	25	4	cutting	cutting	NOUN
easat-9251	25	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	25	6	edge	edge	NOUN
easat-9251	25	7	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	25	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	25	9	meant	mean	VERB
easat-9251	25	10	to	to	PART
easat-9251	25	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	25	12	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	25	13	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	25	14	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	25	15	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	25	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	25	17	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-9251	25	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	26	1	to	to	PART
easat-9251	26	2	get	get	VERB
easat-9251	26	3	around	around	ADP
easat-9251	26	4	current	current	ADJ
easat-9251	26	5	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9251	26	6	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	26	7	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-9251	26	8	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9251	26	9	cutting	cutting	NOUN
easat-9251	26	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	26	11	edge	edge	NOUN
easat-9251	26	12	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	26	13	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8997-0668	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8997-0668	ADV
easat-9251	26	14	https://orcid.org/%200000-0003-4154-690x	https://orcid.org/%200000-0003-4154-690x	NOUN
easat-9251	27	1	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-0958	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-0958	INTJ
easat-9251	27	2	https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9689-8984	https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9689-8984	PROPN
easat-9251	28	1	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-7887	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-7887	PROPN
easat-9251	28	2	180	180	NUM
easat-9251	28	3	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	28	4	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	28	5	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	28	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	28	7	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	28	8	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	28	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	28	10	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	28	11	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	28	12	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	28	13	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	28	14	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	29	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	29	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	29	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	29	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	29	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	29	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	29	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	29	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	29	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	29	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	29	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	29	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	29	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	29	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	30	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	30	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	30	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	30	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	30	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	30	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	30	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	30	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	30	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	30	10	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	30	11	like	like	ADP
easat-9251	30	12	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	30	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	30	14	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	30	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	30	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	30	17	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	30	18	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	30	19	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	30	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	31	1	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-9251	31	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-9251	31	3	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
easat-9251	31	4	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	31	5	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9251	31	6	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	31	7	this	this	DET
easat-9251	31	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	31	9	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9251	31	10	to	to	PART
easat-9251	31	11	assess	assess	VERB
easat-9251	31	12	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9251	31	13	ai	ai	AUX
easat-9251	31	14	might	might	AUX
easat-9251	31	15	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9251	31	16	av	av	NOUN
easat-9251	31	17	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	31	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	31	19	a	a	DET
easat-9251	31	20	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-9251	31	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	31	22	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9251	31	23	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	31	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	32	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	32	2	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	32	3	explores	explore	VERB
easat-9251	32	4	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-9251	32	5	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	32	6	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	32	7	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	32	8	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	32	9	may	may	AUX
easat-9251	32	10	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9251	32	11	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	32	12	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	32	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	32	14	low	low	ADJ
easat-9251	32	15	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	32	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	32	17	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	32	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	32	19	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9251	32	20	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-9251	32	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	32	22	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	32	23	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	32	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	32	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	33	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	33	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	33	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	33	4	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	33	5	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	33	6	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9251	33	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	34	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	34	2	field	field	NOUN
easat-9251	34	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	34	4	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	34	5	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	34	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	34	7	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	34	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	34	9	has	have	AUX
easat-9251	34	10	advanced	advance	VERB
easat-9251	34	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9251	34	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	34	13	a	a	DET
easat-9251	34	14	number	number	NOUN
easat-9251	34	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	34	16	areas	area	NOUN
easat-9251	34	17	such	such	ADJ
easat-9251	34	18	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	34	19	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	34	20	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9251	34	21	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	34	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	34	23	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	34	24	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-9251	34	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	34	26	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-9251	34	27	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	34	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	35	1	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	35	2	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	35	3	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	35	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	35	5	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	35	6	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	35	7	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	35	8	together	together	ADV
easat-9251	35	9	to	to	PART
easat-9251	35	10	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9251	35	11	the	the	DET
easat-9251	35	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9251	35	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	35	14	functionality	functionality	NOUN
easat-9251	35	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	35	16	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	35	17	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	35	18	a	a	DET
easat-9251	35	19	major	major	ADJ
easat-9251	35	20	area	area	NOUN
easat-9251	35	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	35	22	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-9251	35	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	36	1	automl	automl	NOUN
easat-9251	36	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	36	3	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	36	4	example	example	NOUN
easat-9251	36	5	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	36	6	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	36	7	investigated	investigate	VERB
easat-9251	36	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	36	9	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-9251	36	10	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	36	11	supporting	support	VERB
easat-9251	36	12	av	av	PRON
easat-9251	36	13	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
easat-9251	36	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	36	15	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	36	16	their	their	PRON
easat-9251	36	17	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	36	18	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	36	19	[	[	X
easat-9251	36	20	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	36	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	36	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	37	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-9251	37	2	a	a	DET
easat-9251	37	3	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-9251	37	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	37	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	37	6	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	37	7	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	37	8	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	37	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	37	10	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	37	11	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	37	12	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9251	37	13	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	37	14	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9251	37	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	37	16	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-9251	37	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	37	18	comprehending	comprehend	VERB
easat-9251	37	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	37	20	reducing	reduce	VERB
easat-9251	37	21	risks	risk	NOUN
easat-9251	37	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	37	23	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	37	24	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	37	25	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	37	26	a	a	DET
easat-9251	37	27	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-9251	37	28	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	37	29	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	37	30	[	[	X
easat-9251	37	31	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	37	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	37	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	38	1	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	38	2	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	38	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	38	4	fused	fuse	VERB
easat-9251	38	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	38	6	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	38	7	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	38	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	38	9	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9251	38	10	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	38	11	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	38	12	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	38	13	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	38	14	investigated	investigate	VERB
easat-9251	38	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	38	16	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	38	17	to	to	PART
easat-9251	38	18	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9251	38	19	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	38	20	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	38	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	38	22	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	38	23	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	38	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	38	25	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	38	26	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	38	27	[	[	X
easat-9251	38	28	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	38	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	38	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	39	1	two	two	NUM
easat-9251	39	2	other	other	ADJ
easat-9251	39	3	important	important	ADJ
easat-9251	39	4	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-9251	39	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	39	6	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	39	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	39	8	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	39	9	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-9251	39	10	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
easat-9251	39	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	39	12	maximizing	maximize	VERB
easat-9251	39	13	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	39	14	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	39	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	40	1	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	40	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	40	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	40	4	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	40	5	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	40	6	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	40	7	recommend	recommend	VERB
easat-9251	40	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	40	9	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	40	10	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	40	11	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9251	40	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	40	13	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	40	14	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	40	15	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	40	16	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	40	17	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	40	18	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	40	19	to	to	PART
easat-9251	40	20	model	model	VERB
easat-9251	40	21	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	40	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	40	23	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-9251	40	24	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	40	25	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	40	26	[	[	X
easat-9251	40	27	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	40	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	40	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	41	1	numerous	numerous	ADJ
easat-9251	41	2	reviews	review	NOUN
easat-9251	41	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	41	4	motion	motion	NOUN
easat-9251	41	5	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	41	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	41	7	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	41	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	41	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	41	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	41	11	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	41	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	41	13	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	41	14	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9251	41	15	those	those	PRON
easat-9251	41	16	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	41	17	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	41	18	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	41	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	41	20	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	41	21	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	41	22	carried	carry	VERB
easat-9251	41	23	out	out	ADP
easat-9251	41	24	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9251	41	25	insight	insight	NOUN
easat-9251	41	26	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	41	27	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9251	41	28	these	these	DET
easat-9251	41	29	tactics	tactic	NOUN
easat-9251	41	30	impact	impact	VERB
easat-9251	41	31	the	the	DET
easat-9251	41	32	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-9251	41	33	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
easat-9251	41	34	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	41	35	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	42	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	42	2	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	42	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	42	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	43	1	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	43	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	43	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	43	4	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	43	5	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	43	6	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	43	7	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	43	8	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	43	9	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-9251	43	10	being	be	AUX
easat-9251	43	11	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	43	12	to	to	PART
easat-9251	43	13	address	address	VERB
easat-9251	43	14	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	43	15	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	43	16	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9251	43	17	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9251	43	18	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9251	43	19	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	43	20	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	43	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	43	22	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
easat-9251	43	23	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-9251	44	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	44	2	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	44	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	44	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	45	1	wireless	wireless	ADJ
easat-9251	45	2	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	45	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	45	4	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	45	5	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	45	6	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	45	7	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9251	45	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	45	9	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	45	10	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
easat-9251	45	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	45	12	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	45	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	46	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-9251	46	2	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	46	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	46	4	these	these	DET
easat-9251	46	5	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	46	6	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9251	46	7	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	46	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	46	9	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	46	10	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	46	11	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	46	12	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	46	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	46	14	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9251	46	15	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	46	16	[	[	X
easat-9251	46	17	7	7	NUM
easat-9251	46	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	46	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	47	1	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	47	2	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	47	3	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	47	4	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	47	5	management	management	NOUN
easat-9251	47	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	47	7	general	general	ADJ
easat-9251	47	8	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	47	9	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	47	10	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-9251	47	11	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	47	12	further	far	ADV
easat-9251	47	13	uses	use	NOUN
easat-9251	47	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	47	15	these	these	DET
easat-9251	47	16	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	47	17	according	accord	VERB
easat-9251	47	18	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	47	19	surveys	survey	NOUN
easat-9251	47	20	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	47	21	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	47	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	47	23	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9251	47	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	47	25	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-9251	47	26	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	47	27	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	47	28	[	[	X
easat-9251	47	29	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	47	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	47	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	48	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	48	2	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	48	3	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	48	4	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	48	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	48	6	mimicking	mimic	VERB
easat-9251	48	7	actual	actual	ADJ
easat-9251	48	8	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	48	9	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	48	10	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	48	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	48	12	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	48	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	48	14	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-9251	48	15	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	48	16	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	48	17	promise	promise	NOUN
easat-9251	48	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	48	19	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	48	20	av	av	PRON
easat-9251	48	21	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	48	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	48	23	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	48	24	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9251	48	25	[	[	X
easat-9251	48	26	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	48	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	48	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	49	1	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	49	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	49	3	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	49	4	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	49	5	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	49	6	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	49	7	investigated	investigate	VERB
easat-9251	49	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	49	9	their	their	PRON
easat-9251	49	10	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9251	49	11	to	to	PART
easat-9251	49	12	predict	predict	VERB
easat-9251	49	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	49	14	optimize	optimize	VERB
easat-9251	49	15	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	49	16	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	49	17	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
easat-9251	49	18	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	49	19	simulations	simulation	NOUN
easat-9251	49	20	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	49	21	take	take	VERB
easat-9251	49	22	181	181	NUM
easat-9251	49	23	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	49	24	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	49	25	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	49	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	49	27	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	49	28	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	49	29	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	49	30	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	49	31	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	49	32	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	49	33	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	49	34	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	50	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	50	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	50	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	50	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	50	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	50	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	50	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	50	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	50	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	50	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	50	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	50	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	50	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	50	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	50	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	50	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	51	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	51	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	51	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	51	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	51	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	51	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	51	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	51	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	51	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	51	10	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	51	11	account	account	NOUN
easat-9251	51	12	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-9251	51	13	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	51	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	51	15	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-9251	51	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9251	51	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	51	18	order	order	NOUN
easat-9251	51	19	to	to	PART
easat-9251	51	20	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	51	21	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	51	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	51	23	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	51	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	51	25	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	51	26	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	51	27	[	[	X
easat-9251	51	28	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	51	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	51	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	52	1	recent	recent	ADJ
easat-9251	52	2	developments	development	NOUN
easat-9251	52	3	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	52	4	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9251	52	5	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	52	6	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	52	7	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	52	8	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	52	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	52	10	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
easat-9251	52	11	as	as	ADV
easat-9251	52	12	well	well	ADV
easat-9251	52	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	52	14	accelerating	accelerate	VERB
easat-9251	52	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	52	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	52	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	52	18	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	52	19	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	52	20	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	52	21	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	52	22	the	the	DET
easat-9251	52	23	use	use	NOUN
easat-9251	52	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	52	25	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	52	26	-	-	PROPN
easat-9251	52	27	apf	apf	PROPN
easat-9251	52	28	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	52	29	[	[	X
easat-9251	52	30	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	52	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	52	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	53	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-9251	53	2	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	53	3	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	53	4	examined	examine	VERB
easat-9251	53	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	53	6	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
easat-9251	53	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	53	8	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	53	9	fixes	fix	NOUN
easat-9251	53	10	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	53	11	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-9251	53	12	security	security	NOUN
easat-9251	53	13	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9251	53	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	53	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	53	16	future	future	NOUN
easat-9251	53	17	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-9251	53	18	the	the	DET
easat-9251	53	19	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9251	53	20	concern	concern	NOUN
easat-9251	53	21	about	about	ADP
easat-9251	53	22	defending	defend	VERB
easat-9251	53	23	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	53	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	53	25	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-9251	53	26	cars	car	NOUN
easat-9251	53	27	against	against	ADP
easat-9251	53	28	hostile	hostile	ADJ
easat-9251	53	29	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	53	30	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	53	31	attacks	attack	NOUN
easat-9251	53	32	[	[	X
easat-9251	53	33	11	11	NUM
easat-9251	53	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	53	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	54	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	54	2	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN
easat-9251	54	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	54	4	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9251	54	5	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	54	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	54	7	understanding	understand	VERB
easat-9251	54	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	54	9	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	54	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	54	11	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9251	54	12	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	54	13	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-9251	54	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	54	15	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-9251	54	16	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	54	17	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	54	18	has	have	AUX
easat-9251	54	19	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	54	20	shown	show	VERB
easat-9251	54	21	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	54	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	54	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	54	24	the	the	DET
easat-9251	54	25	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9251	54	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	54	27	iot	iot	ADJ
easat-9251	54	28	protocols	protocol	NOUN
easat-9251	54	29	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	54	30	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	54	31	[	[	X
easat-9251	54	32	12	12	NUM
easat-9251	54	33	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	54	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	55	1	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	55	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	55	3	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	55	4	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	55	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	55	6	path	path	NOUN
easat-9251	55	7	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	55	8	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	55	9	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	55	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9251	55	11	useful	useful	ADJ
easat-9251	55	12	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	55	13	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-9251	55	14	the	the	DET
easat-9251	55	15	logistics	logistic	NOUN
easat-9251	55	16	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	55	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	55	18	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	55	19	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	55	20	mainly	mainly	ADV
easat-9251	55	21	because	because	SCONJ
easat-9251	55	22	they	they	PRON
easat-9251	55	23	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	55	24	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	55	25	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	55	26	can	can	AUX
easat-9251	55	27	make	make	VERB
easat-9251	55	28	the	the	DET
easat-9251	55	29	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	55	30	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	55	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	55	32	navigate	navigate	VERB
easat-9251	55	33	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-9251	55	34	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	55	35	[	[	X
easat-9251	55	36	13	13	NUM
easat-9251	55	37	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	55	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	56	1	current	current	ADJ
easat-9251	56	2	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9251	56	3	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	56	4	looked	look	VERB
easat-9251	56	5	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	56	6	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-9251	56	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9251	56	8	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	56	9	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	56	10	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	56	11	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-9251	56	12	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	56	13	use	use	VERB
easat-9251	56	14	cutting	cut	VERB
easat-9251	56	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	56	16	edge	edge	NOUN
easat-9251	56	17	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	56	18	like	like	ADP
easat-9251	56	19	deeplabv3	deeplabv3	ADV
easat-9251	56	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	56	21	faster	fast	ADJ
easat-9251	56	22	r	r	NOUN
easat-9251	56	23	-	-	NOUN
easat-9251	56	24	cnn	cnn	NOUN
easat-9251	56	25	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	56	26	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-9251	56	27	self	self	NOUN
easat-9251	56	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	56	29	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9251	56	30	cars	car	NOUN
easat-9251	56	31	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	56	32	enable	enable	VERB
easat-9251	56	33	more	more	ADV
easat-9251	56	34	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-9251	56	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	56	36	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-9251	56	37	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	56	38	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-9251	56	39	[	[	X
easat-9251	56	40	14	14	NUM
easat-9251	56	41	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	56	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	57	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	57	2	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	57	3	large	large	ADJ
easat-9251	57	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-9251	57	5	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	57	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	57	7	llms	llm	NOUN
easat-9251	57	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	57	9	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	57	10	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	57	11	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	57	12	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9251	57	13	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	57	14	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
easat-9251	57	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	57	16	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	57	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	57	18	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	57	19	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9251	57	20	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-9251	57	21	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	57	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	57	23	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	57	24	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
easat-9251	57	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	57	26	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	57	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	57	28	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	57	29	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	57	30	spoken	spoken	ADJ
easat-9251	57	31	instructions	instruction	NOUN
easat-9251	57	32	[	[	X
easat-9251	57	33	15	15	NUM
easat-9251	57	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	57	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	1	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	58	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	58	3	paradigms	paradigm	NOUN
easat-9251	58	4	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	58	5	being	be	AUX
easat-9251	58	6	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
easat-9251	58	7	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	58	8	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	58	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	10	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	58	11	wireless	wireless	NOUN
easat-9251	58	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	58	13	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	58	14	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9251	58	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	58	16	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-9251	58	17	needed	need	VERB
easat-9251	58	18	to	to	PART
easat-9251	58	19	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	58	20	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	58	21	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	58	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	23	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	58	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	25	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	58	26	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9251	58	27	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	58	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	58	29	enable	enable	VERB
easat-9251	58	30	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	58	31	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	58	32	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	58	33	future	future	ADJ
easat-9251	58	34	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-9251	58	35	cities	city	NOUN
easat-9251	58	36	[	[	X
easat-9251	58	37	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	58	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	39	16	16	NUM
easat-9251	58	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	41	17	17	NUM
easat-9251	58	42	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	58	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	59	1	explainable	explainable	ADJ
easat-9251	59	2	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	59	3	has	have	AUX
easat-9251	59	4	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-9251	59	5	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	59	6	a	a	DET
easat-9251	59	7	key	key	ADJ
easat-9251	59	8	instrument	instrument	NOUN
easat-9251	59	9	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	59	10	increasing	increase	VERB
easat-9251	59	11	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-9251	59	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	59	13	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	59	14	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	59	15	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	59	16	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	59	17	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9251	59	18	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9251	59	19	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	59	20	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	59	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	59	22	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	59	23	procedures	procedure	NOUN
easat-9251	59	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	59	25	boosting	boost	VERB
easat-9251	59	26	trust	trust	NOUN
easat-9251	59	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	59	28	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	59	29	operations	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	59	30	[	[	X
easat-9251	59	31	18	18	NUM
easat-9251	59	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	59	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	60	1	a	a	DET
easat-9251	60	2	lot	lot	NOUN
easat-9251	60	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	60	4	work	work	NOUN
easat-9251	60	5	has	have	AUX
easat-9251	60	6	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	60	7	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	60	8	done	do	VERB
easat-9251	60	9	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	60	10	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	60	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	60	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	60	13	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	60	14	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	60	15	intention	intention	NOUN
easat-9251	60	16	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	60	17	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-9251	60	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	60	19	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	60	20	to	to	PART
easat-9251	60	21	predict	predict	VERB
easat-9251	60	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	60	23	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	60	24	avs	avs	NOUN
easat-9251	60	25	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	60	26	to	to	PART
easat-9251	60	27	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9251	60	28	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	60	29	changing	change	VERB
easat-9251	60	30	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	60	31	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	60	32	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9251	60	33	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-9251	60	34	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	60	35	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	60	36	safe	safe	ADJ
easat-9251	60	37	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	60	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	60	39	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
easat-9251	60	40	[	[	X
easat-9251	60	41	19	19	NUM
easat-9251	60	42	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	60	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	61	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-9251	61	2	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	61	3	order	order	NOUN
easat-9251	61	4	to	to	PART
easat-9251	61	5	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	61	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	61	7	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	61	8	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	61	9	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-9251	61	10	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	61	11	into	into	ADP
easat-9251	61	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	61	13	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-9251	61	14	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	61	15	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	61	16	a	a	DET
easat-9251	61	17	human	human	NOUN
easat-9251	61	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	61	19	centered	center	VERB
easat-9251	61	20	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	61	21	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	61	22	the	the	DET
easat-9251	61	23	design	design	NOUN
easat-9251	61	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	61	25	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	61	26	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-9251	61	27	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	61	28	required	require	VERB
easat-9251	61	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	62	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9251	62	2	means	mean	VERB
easat-9251	62	3	considering	consider	VERB
easat-9251	62	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9251	62	5	automated	automate	VERB
easat-9251	62	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	62	7	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-9251	62	8	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	62	9	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-9251	62	10	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	62	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	62	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	62	13	user	user	NOUN
easat-9251	62	14	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-9251	62	15	ergonomics	ergonomic	NOUN
easat-9251	62	16	[	[	X
easat-9251	62	17	20	20	NUM
easat-9251	62	18	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	62	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	63	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	63	2	social	social	ADJ
easat-9251	63	3	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	63	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	63	5	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	63	6	aspect	aspect	NOUN
easat-9251	63	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	63	8	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	63	9	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	63	10	includes	include	VERB
easat-9251	63	11	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-9251	63	12	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-9251	63	13	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-9251	63	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	63	15	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-9251	63	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	63	17	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	63	18	game	game	NOUN
easat-9251	63	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	63	20	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	63	21	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	63	22	gaining	gain	VERB
easat-9251	63	23	more	more	ADJ
easat-9251	63	24	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-9251	63	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	63	26	an	an	DET
easat-9251	63	27	effort	effort	NOUN
easat-9251	63	28	to	to	PART
easat-9251	63	29	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	63	30	their	their	PRON
easat-9251	63	31	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	63	32	to	to	PART
easat-9251	63	33	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9251	63	34	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	63	35	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	63	36	human	human	NOUN
easat-9251	63	37	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	63	38	centered	center	VERB
easat-9251	63	39	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9251	63	40	[	[	X
easat-9251	63	41	21	21	NUM
easat-9251	63	42	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	63	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	64	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	64	2	multidisciplinary	multidisciplinary	ADJ
easat-9251	64	3	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-9251	64	4	being	be	AUX
easat-9251	64	5	made	make	VERB
easat-9251	64	6	to	to	PART
easat-9251	64	7	develop	develop	VERB
easat-9251	64	8	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	64	9	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	64	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	64	11	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	64	12	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	64	13	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	64	14	these	these	DET
easat-9251	64	15	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-9251	64	16	taken	take	VERB
easat-9251	64	17	together	together	ADV
easat-9251	64	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	65	1	2	2	X
easat-9251	65	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	65	3	materials	material	NOUN
easat-9251	65	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	65	5	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	65	6	this	this	DET
easat-9251	65	7	section	section	NOUN
easat-9251	65	8	examines	examine	VERB
easat-9251	65	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	65	10	main	main	ADJ
easat-9251	65	11	experimental	experimental	ADJ
easat-9251	65	12	setup	setup	NOUN
easat-9251	65	13	instruments	instrument	NOUN
easat-9251	65	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	65	15	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-9251	65	16	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	65	17	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	65	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	65	19	this	this	DET
easat-9251	65	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	65	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	66	1	after	after	ADP
easat-9251	66	2	describing	describe	VERB
easat-9251	66	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	66	4	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-9251	66	5	context	context	NOUN
easat-9251	66	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	66	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	66	8	section	section	NOUN
easat-9251	66	9	goes	go	VERB
easat-9251	66	10	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	66	11	to	to	PART
easat-9251	66	12	discuss	discuss	VERB
easat-9251	66	13	the	the	DET
easat-9251	66	14	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-9251	66	15	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	66	16	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	66	17	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9251	66	18	deployed	deploy	VERB
easat-9251	66	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	66	20	the	the	DET
easat-9251	66	21	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9251	66	22	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-9251	66	23	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	66	24	to	to	PART
easat-9251	66	25	address	address	VERB
easat-9251	66	26	the	the	DET
easat-9251	66	27	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-9251	66	28	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	66	29	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	66	30	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	66	31	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	66	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	66	33	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	66	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	66	35	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	66	36	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-9251	66	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	67	1	particular	particular	ADJ
easat-9251	67	2	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-9251	67	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	67	4	paid	pay	VERB
easat-9251	67	5	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	67	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	67	7	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-9251	67	8	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	67	9	wherein	wherein	SCONJ
easat-9251	67	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	67	11	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-9251	67	12	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-9251	67	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	67	14	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
easat-9251	67	15	expressions	expression	NOUN
easat-9251	67	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	67	17	every	every	DET
easat-9251	67	18	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	67	19	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	67	20	thoroughly	thoroughly	ADV
easat-9251	67	21	examined	examine	VERB
easat-9251	67	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	68	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-9251	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	68	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	68	4	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	68	5	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	68	6	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	68	7	to	to	PART
easat-9251	68	8	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-9251	68	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	68	10	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	68	11	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	68	12	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	68	13	outlined	outline	VERB
easat-9251	68	14	to	to	PART
easat-9251	68	15	establish	establish	VERB
easat-9251	68	16	a	a	DET
easat-9251	68	17	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9251	68	18	basis	basis	NOUN
easat-9251	68	19	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	68	20	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9251	68	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	68	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	69	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-9251	69	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	69	3	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-9251	69	4	description	description	NOUN
easat-9251	69	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	69	6	accelerating	accelerate	VERB
easat-9251	69	7	evolution	evolution	NOUN
easat-9251	69	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	69	9	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	69	10	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	69	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	69	12	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	69	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	69	14	has	have	AUX
easat-9251	69	15	unlocked	unlock	VERB
easat-9251	69	16	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ
easat-9251	69	17	mobility	mobility	NOUN
easat-9251	69	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	69	19	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	69	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	69	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	69	22	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9251	69	23	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	69	24	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9251	69	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	70	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9251	70	2	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	70	3	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9251	70	4	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	70	5	still	still	ADV
easat-9251	70	6	face	face	VERB
easat-9251	70	7	a	a	DET
easat-9251	70	8	number	number	NOUN
easat-9251	70	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	70	10	unsolved	unsolved	ADJ
easat-9251	70	11	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9251	70	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	70	13	spite	spite	NOUN
easat-9251	70	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	70	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	70	16	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9251	70	17	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-9251	70	18	made	make	VERB
easat-9251	70	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	70	20	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	70	21	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	70	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	70	23	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	70	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	70	25	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9251	70	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	71	1	these	these	DET
easat-9251	71	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9251	71	3	include	include	VERB
easat-9251	71	4	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	71	5	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	71	6	not	not	PART
easat-9251	71	7	restricted	restrict	VERB
easat-9251	71	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	71	9	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	71	10	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	71	11	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	71	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	71	13	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
easat-9251	71	14	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	71	15	realtime	realtime	ADJ
easat-9251	71	16	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	71	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	71	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	71	19	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	71	20	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	71	21	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-9251	71	22	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	71	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	71	24	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	71	25	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	71	26	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	71	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	71	28	defense	defense	NOUN
easat-9251	71	29	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
easat-9251	71	30	against	against	ADP
easat-9251	71	31	hostile	hostile	ADJ
easat-9251	71	32	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
easat-9251	71	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	72	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-9251	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	72	3	to	to	PART
easat-9251	72	4	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
easat-9251	72	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	72	6	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-9251	72	7	deployment	deployment	NOUN
easat-9251	72	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	72	9	these	these	DET
easat-9251	72	10	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	72	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	72	12	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9251	72	13	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	72	14	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	72	15	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	72	16	imperative	imperative	ADJ
easat-9251	72	17	to	to	PART
easat-9251	72	18	strike	strike	VERB
easat-9251	72	19	a	a	DET
easat-9251	72	20	balance	balance	NOUN
easat-9251	72	21	between	between	ADP
easat-9251	72	22	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	72	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	72	24	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	72	25	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	72	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	72	27	low	low	ADJ
easat-9251	72	28	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	72	29	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	72	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	73	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-9251	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	73	3	this	this	DET
easat-9251	73	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	73	5	offers	offer	VERB
easat-9251	73	6	a	a	DET
easat-9251	73	7	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-9251	73	8	ai	ai	ADJ
easat-9251	73	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	73	10	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9251	73	11	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9251	73	12	182	182	NUM
easat-9251	73	13	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	73	14	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	73	15	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	73	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	73	17	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	73	18	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	73	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	73	20	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	73	21	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	73	22	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	73	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	73	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	74	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	74	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	74	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	74	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	74	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	74	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	74	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	74	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	74	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	74	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	74	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	74	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	74	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	74	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	74	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	75	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	75	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	75	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	75	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	75	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	75	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	75	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	75	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	75	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	75	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	75	11	not	not	PART
easat-9251	75	12	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	75	13	tackles	tackle	VERB
easat-9251	75	14	these	these	DET
easat-9251	75	15	current	current	ADJ
easat-9251	75	16	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9251	75	17	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	75	18	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	75	19	establishes	establish	VERB
easat-9251	75	20	the	the	DET
easat-9251	75	21	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
easat-9251	75	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	75	23	improving	improve	VERB
easat-9251	75	24	the	the	DET
easat-9251	75	25	resilience	resilience	NOUN
easat-9251	75	26	security	security	NOUN
easat-9251	75	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	75	28	judgment	judgment	NOUN
easat-9251	75	29	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	75	30	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	75	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	75	32	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	75	33	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	75	34	cars	car	NOUN
easat-9251	75	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	76	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-9251	76	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	77	1	data	data	NOUN
easat-9251	77	2	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-9251	77	3	/	/	SYM
easat-9251	77	4	dataset	dataset	VERB
easat-9251	77	5	any	any	DET
easat-9251	77	6	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	77	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	77	8	powered	power	VERB
easat-9251	77	9	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	77	10	car	car	NOUN
easat-9251	77	11	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	77	12	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	77	13	to	to	PART
easat-9251	77	14	function	function	VERB
easat-9251	77	15	depends	depend	VERB
easat-9251	77	16	critically	critically	ADV
easat-9251	77	17	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	77	18	the	the	DET
easat-9251	77	19	caliber	caliber	NOUN
easat-9251	77	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	77	21	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-9251	77	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	77	23	the	the	DET
easat-9251	77	24	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-9251	77	25	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	77	26	to	to	PART
easat-9251	77	27	train	train	VERB
easat-9251	77	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	77	29	validate	validate	VERB
easat-9251	77	30	the	the	DET
easat-9251	77	31	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	77	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	78	1	several	several	ADJ
easat-9251	78	2	benchmark	benchmark	ADJ
easat-9251	78	3	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-9251	78	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	78	5	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	78	6	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	78	7	this	this	DET
easat-9251	78	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	78	9	all	all	PRON
easat-9251	78	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	78	11	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	78	12	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	78	13	created	create	VERB
easat-9251	78	14	especially	especially	ADV
easat-9251	78	15	to	to	PART
easat-9251	78	16	capture	capture	VERB
easat-9251	78	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	78	18	complexities	complexity	NOUN
easat-9251	78	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	78	20	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	78	21	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	78	22	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	78	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	79	1	to	to	PART
easat-9251	79	2	create	create	VERB
easat-9251	79	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	79	4	main	main	ADJ
easat-9251	79	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	79	6	sources	source	NOUN
easat-9251	79	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	79	8	cityscapes	cityscape	NOUN
easat-9251	79	9	dataset	dataset	VERB
easat-9251	79	10	nuscenes	nuscene	NOUN
easat-9251	79	11	dataset	dataset	VERB
easat-9251	79	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	79	13	kitti	kitti	PROPN
easat-9251	79	14	vision	vision	PROPN
easat-9251	79	15	benchmark	benchmark	PROPN
easat-9251	79	16	suite	suite	NOUN
easat-9251	79	17	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	79	18	combined	combine	VERB
easat-9251	79	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	80	1	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	80	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	80	3	world	world	NOUN
easat-9251	80	4	photos	photo	NOUN
easat-9251	80	5	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	80	6	point	point	NOUN
easat-9251	80	7	clouds	cloud	NOUN
easat-9251	80	8	annotated	annotate	VERB
easat-9251	80	9	3d	3d	NUM
easat-9251	80	10	bounding	bounding	NOUN
easat-9251	80	11	boxes	box	NOUN
easat-9251	80	12	object	object	VERB
easat-9251	80	13	labels	label	NOUN
easat-9251	80	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	80	15	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	80	16	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	80	17	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	80	18	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-9251	80	19	suburban	suburban	ADJ
easat-9251	80	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	80	21	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	80	22	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9251	80	23	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	80	24	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	80	25	just	just	ADV
easat-9251	80	26	a	a	DET
easat-9251	80	27	few	few	ADJ
easat-9251	80	28	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	80	29	the	the	DET
easat-9251	80	30	many	many	ADJ
easat-9251	80	31	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9251	80	32	available	available	ADJ
easat-9251	80	33	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	80	34	these	these	DET
easat-9251	80	35	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-9251	80	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	81	1	below	below	ADP
easat-9251	81	2	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	81	3	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	81	4	displays	display	VERB
easat-9251	81	5	a	a	DET
easat-9251	81	6	combined	combined	ADJ
easat-9251	81	7	view	view	NOUN
easat-9251	81	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	81	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	81	10	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-9251	81	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	82	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	82	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	82	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	83	1	dataset	dataset	PROPN
easat-9251	83	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	1	dataset	dataset	PROPN
easat-9251	84	2	name	name	NOUN
easat-9251	84	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	84	4	type	type	NOUN
easat-9251	84	5	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	84	6	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	84	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	84	8	samples	sample	NOUN
easat-9251	84	9	key	key	ADJ
easat-9251	84	10	features	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	84	11	kitti	kitti	PROPN
easat-9251	84	12	images	image	NOUN
easat-9251	84	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	14	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	84	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	16	gps	gp	VERB
easat-9251	84	17	14,999	14,999	NUM
easat-9251	84	18	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	84	19	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	84	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	21	stereo	stereo	NOUN
easat-9251	84	22	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-9251	84	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	24	optical	optical	ADJ
easat-9251	84	25	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-9251	84	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	27	slam	slam	VERB
easat-9251	84	28	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	84	29	cityscapes	cityscape	NOUN
easat-9251	84	30	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-9251	84	31	street	street	NOUN
easat-9251	84	32	images	image	NOUN
easat-9251	84	33	5,000	5,000	NUM
easat-9251	84	34	pixel	pixel	ADJ
easat-9251	84	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	36	level	level	NOUN
easat-9251	84	37	semantic	semantic	ADJ
easat-9251	84	38	segmentation	segmentation	NOUN
easat-9251	84	39	nuscenes	nuscene	NOUN
easat-9251	84	40	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	84	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	42	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	84	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	44	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	84	45	40,000	40,000	NUM
easat-9251	84	46	+	+	NUM
easat-9251	84	47	scenes	scene	VERB
easat-9251	84	48	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	84	49	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	84	50	sensor	sensor	ADJ
easat-9251	84	51	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	84	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	53	3d	3d	NUM
easat-9251	84	54	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	84	55	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	84	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	57	tracking	track	VERB
easat-9251	84	58	the	the	DET
easat-9251	84	59	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-9251	84	60	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	84	61	these	these	DET
easat-9251	84	62	datasets	dataset	NOUN
easat-9251	84	63	ensures	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	84	64	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	84	65	the	the	DET
easat-9251	84	66	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	84	67	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	84	68	exposed	expose	VERB
easat-9251	84	69	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	84	70	varied	varied	ADJ
easat-9251	84	71	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	84	72	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	84	73	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	74	lighting	lighting	NOUN
easat-9251	84	75	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	84	76	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	77	weather	weather	NOUN
easat-9251	84	78	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
easat-9251	84	79	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	80	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	84	81	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
easat-9251	84	82	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	84	83	movements	movement	NOUN
easat-9251	84	84	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	85	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	84	86	them	they	PRON
easat-9251	84	87	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-9251	84	88	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	84	89	generalizable	generalizable	ADJ
easat-9251	84	90	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	84	91	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	84	92	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	84	93	world	world	NOUN
easat-9251	84	94	deployment	deployment	NOUN
easat-9251	84	95	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	85	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-9251	85	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	86	1	iot	iot	PROPN
easat-9251	86	2	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	86	3	tools	tool	VERB
easat-9251	86	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	86	5	reliable	reliable	ADJ
easat-9251	86	6	functioning	functioning	NOUN
easat-9251	86	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	86	8	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	86	9	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	86	10	hinges	hinge	NOUN
easat-9251	86	11	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	86	12	their	their	PRON
easat-9251	86	13	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	86	14	to	to	PART
easat-9251	86	15	perceive	perceive	VERB
easat-9251	86	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	86	17	interpret	interpret	VERB
easat-9251	86	18	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	86	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	86	20	world	world	NOUN
easat-9251	86	21	stimuli	stimulus	NOUN
easat-9251	86	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	86	23	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	86	24	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	86	25	made	make	VERB
easat-9251	86	26	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-9251	86	27	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	86	28	a	a	DET
easat-9251	86	29	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-9251	86	30	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	86	31	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	86	32	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-9251	86	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	86	34	things	thing	NOUN
easat-9251	86	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	86	36	iot	iot	NOUN
easat-9251	86	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	86	38	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	86	39	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9251	86	40	given	give	VERB
easat-9251	86	41	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	86	42	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	86	43	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	86	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	87	2	this	this	DET
easat-9251	87	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	87	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	5	a	a	DET
easat-9251	87	6	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	87	7	sensory	sensory	ADJ
easat-9251	87	8	setup	setup	NOUN
easat-9251	87	9	composed	compose	VERB
easat-9251	87	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	87	11	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	87	12	scanners	scanner	NOUN
easat-9251	87	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	14	highdefinition	highdefinition	NOUN
easat-9251	87	15	rgb	rgb	PROPN
easat-9251	87	16	cameras	cameras	PROPN
easat-9251	87	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	18	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	87	19	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	87	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	21	ultrasonic	ultrasonic	ADJ
easat-9251	87	22	proximity	proximity	NOUN
easat-9251	87	23	detectors	detector	NOUN
easat-9251	87	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	87	26	gps	gps	PROPN
easat-9251	87	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	87	28	imu	imu	NOUN
easat-9251	87	29	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	87	30	units	unit	NOUN
easat-9251	87	31	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	87	32	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9251	87	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	88	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	88	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	88	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	88	4	iot	iot	PROPN
easat-9251	88	5	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	88	6	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9251	88	7	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	88	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	88	9	this	this	DET
easat-9251	88	10	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	88	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	89	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
easat-9251	89	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	89	3	cameras	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	89	4	since	since	SCONJ
easat-9251	89	5	cameras	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	89	6	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	89	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	89	8	most	most	ADV
easat-9251	89	9	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9251	89	10	way	way	NOUN
easat-9251	89	11	to	to	PART
easat-9251	89	12	gather	gather	VERB
easat-9251	89	13	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	89	14	about	about	ADP
easat-9251	89	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	89	16	objects	object	NOUN
easat-9251	89	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	89	18	surroundings	surrounding	NOUN
easat-9251	89	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	89	20	an	an	DET
easat-9251	89	21	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	89	22	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	89	23	they	they	PRON
easat-9251	89	24	must	must	AUX
easat-9251	89	25	be	be	AUX
easat-9251	89	26	installed	instal	VERB
easat-9251	89	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	89	28	all	all	PRON
easat-9251	89	29	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	89	30	them	they	PRON
easat-9251	89	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	90	1	monocular	monocular	ADJ
easat-9251	90	2	cameras	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	90	3	can	can	AUX
easat-9251	90	4	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9251	90	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	90	6	shape	shape	NOUN
easat-9251	90	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	90	8	texture	texture	ADJ
easat-9251	90	9	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	90	10	required	require	VERB
easat-9251	90	11	to	to	PART
easat-9251	90	12	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9251	90	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	90	14	categorize	categorize	VERB
easat-9251	90	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	90	16	color	color	NOUN
easat-9251	90	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	90	18	shape	shape	NOUN
easat-9251	90	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	90	20	the	the	DET
easat-9251	90	21	lanes	lane	NOUN
easat-9251	90	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	90	23	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-9251	90	24	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-9251	90	25	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	90	26	traffic	traffic	PROPN
easat-9251	90	27	sign	sign	PROPN
easat-9251	90	28	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-9251	90	29	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	90	30	light	light	NOUN
easat-9251	90	31	color	color	NOUN
easat-9251	90	32	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-9251	90	33	broken	break	VERB
easat-9251	90	34	white	white	ADJ
easat-9251	90	35	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9251	90	36	double	double	ADJ
easat-9251	90	37	yellow	yellow	NOUN
easat-9251	90	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	90	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	90	40	other	other	ADJ
easat-9251	90	41	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	90	42	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	90	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	90	44	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-9251	90	45	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-9251	90	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	91	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-9251	91	2	this	this	DET
easat-9251	91	3	kind	kind	NOUN
easat-9251	91	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	91	5	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	91	6	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	91	7	unable	unable	ADJ
easat-9251	91	8	to	to	PART
easat-9251	91	9	supply	supply	VERB
easat-9251	91	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	91	11	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9251	91	12	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	91	13	required	require	VERB
easat-9251	91	14	to	to	PART
easat-9251	91	15	determine	determine	VERB
easat-9251	91	16	the	the	DET
easat-9251	91	17	size	size	NOUN
easat-9251	91	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	91	19	location	location	NOUN
easat-9251	91	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	91	21	the	the	DET
easat-9251	91	22	detected	detect	VERB
easat-9251	91	23	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	91	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	92	1	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	92	2	a	a	DET
easat-9251	92	3	result	result	NOUN
easat-9251	92	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	92	5	stereo	stereo	NOUN
easat-9251	92	6	cameras	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	92	7	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	92	8	able	able	ADJ
easat-9251	92	9	to	to	PART
easat-9251	92	10	determine	determine	VERB
easat-9251	92	11	each	each	DET
easat-9251	92	12	points	point	NOUN
easat-9251	92	13	relative	relative	ADJ
easat-9251	92	14	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9251	92	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	93	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	93	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	93	3	shows	show	VERB
easat-9251	93	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	93	5	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	93	6	's	's	PART
easat-9251	93	7	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	93	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	94	1	183	183	NUM
easat-9251	94	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	94	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	94	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	94	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	94	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	94	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	94	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	94	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	94	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	94	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	94	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	94	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	95	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	95	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	95	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	95	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	95	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	95	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	95	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	95	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	95	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	95	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	95	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	95	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	95	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	95	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	95	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	95	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	96	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	96	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	96	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	96	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	96	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	96	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	96	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	96	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	96	9	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9251	96	10	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	96	11	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	96	12	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	96	13	process	process	NOUN
easat-9251	96	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	96	15	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	96	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	97	1	2.5	2.5	NUM
easat-9251	97	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	97	3	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	97	4	light	light	NOUN
easat-9251	97	5	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	97	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	97	7	ranging	ranging	NOUN
easat-9251	97	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	97	9	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	97	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	97	11	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	97	12	send	send	VERB
easat-9251	97	13	out	out	ADP
easat-9251	97	14	laser	laser	NOUN
easat-9251	97	15	pulses	pulse	NOUN
easat-9251	97	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	97	17	receivers	receiver	NOUN
easat-9251	97	18	pick	pick	VERB
easat-9251	97	19	up	up	ADP
easat-9251	97	20	the	the	DET
easat-9251	97	21	pulses	pulse	NOUN
easat-9251	97	22	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	97	23	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	97	24	returned	return	VERB
easat-9251	97	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	98	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	98	2	order	order	NOUN
easat-9251	98	3	to	to	PART
easat-9251	98	4	detect	detect	VERB
easat-9251	98	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	98	6	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9251	98	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	98	8	objects	object	NOUN
easat-9251	98	9	class	class	NOUN
easat-9251	98	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	98	11	precisely	precisely	ADV
easat-9251	98	12	measure	measure	VERB
easat-9251	98	13	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	98	14	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-9251	98	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	98	16	location	location	NOUN
easat-9251	98	17	regardless	regardless	ADV
easat-9251	98	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	98	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	98	20	lighting	lighting	NOUN
easat-9251	98	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	98	22	weather	weather	NOUN
easat-9251	98	23	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	98	24	this	this	DET
easat-9251	98	25	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	98	26	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	98	27	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-9251	98	28	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-9251	98	29	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	98	30	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	98	31	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	98	32	2.6	2.6	NUM
easat-9251	98	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	98	34	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	98	35	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	98	36	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	98	37	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9251	98	38	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	98	39	known	know	VERB
easat-9251	98	40	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	98	41	radio	radio	NOUN
easat-9251	98	42	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	98	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	98	44	ranging	range	VERB
easat-9251	98	45	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	98	46	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9251	98	47	have	have	VERB
easat-9251	98	48	an	an	DET
easat-9251	98	49	antenna	antenna	NOUN
easat-9251	98	50	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	98	51	emits	emit	VERB
easat-9251	98	52	a	a	DET
easat-9251	98	53	radio	radio	NOUN
easat-9251	98	54	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-9251	98	55	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	98	56	a	a	DET
easat-9251	98	57	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-9251	98	58	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-9251	98	59	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	98	60	a	a	DET
easat-9251	98	61	receiver	receiver	NOUN
easat-9251	98	62	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	98	63	detects	detect	VERB
easat-9251	98	64	the	the	DET
easat-9251	98	65	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-9251	98	66	after	after	SCONJ
easat-9251	98	67	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	98	68	has	have	AUX
easat-9251	98	69	reflected	reflect	VERB
easat-9251	98	70	off	off	ADP
easat-9251	98	71	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	98	72	objects	object	NOUN
easat-9251	98	73	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	98	74	the	the	DET
easat-9251	98	75	area	area	NOUN
easat-9251	98	76	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	99	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	99	2	distance	distance	NOUN
easat-9251	99	3	between	between	ADP
easat-9251	99	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	99	5	antenna	antenna	NOUN
easat-9251	99	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	99	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	99	8	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	99	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	99	10	determined	determine	VERB
easat-9251	99	11	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	99	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	99	13	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	99	14	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	99	15	takes	take	VERB
easat-9251	99	16	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	99	17	radio	radio	NOUN
easat-9251	99	18	signals	signal	NOUN
easat-9251	99	19	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	99	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	99	21	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	99	22	the	the	DET
easat-9251	99	23	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	99	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	100	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	100	2	bad	bad	ADJ
easat-9251	100	3	weather	weather	NOUN
easat-9251	100	4	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	100	5	like	like	ADP
easat-9251	100	6	snow	snow	PROPN
easat-9251	100	7	fog	fog	PROPN
easat-9251	100	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	100	9	rain	rain	NOUN
easat-9251	100	10	radars	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	100	11	outperform	outperform	VERB
easat-9251	100	12	other	other	ADJ
easat-9251	100	13	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	100	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	100	15	can	can	AUX
easat-9251	100	16	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9251	100	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	100	18	car	car	NOUN
easat-9251	100	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	100	20	front	front	NOUN
easat-9251	100	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	100	22	you	you	PRON
easat-9251	100	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	1	3	3	X
easat-9251	101	2	.	.	NUM
easat-9251	101	3	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	101	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-9251	101	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	101	6	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-9251	101	7	devised	devise	VERB
easat-9251	101	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	101	9	this	this	DET
easat-9251	101	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	101	11	followed	follow	VERB
easat-9251	101	12	a	a	DET
easat-9251	101	13	step	step	NOUN
easat-9251	101	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	15	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	101	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	17	step	step	NOUN
easat-9251	101	18	process	process	NOUN
easat-9251	101	19	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	101	20	progressively	progressively	ADV
easat-9251	101	21	combined	combine	VERB
easat-9251	101	22	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	101	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	24	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	101	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	26	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	101	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	28	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	101	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	101	31	control	control	NOUN
easat-9251	101	32	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	33	forming	form	VERB
easat-9251	101	34	a	a	DET
easat-9251	101	35	closed	closed	ADJ
easat-9251	101	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	101	37	loop	loop	NOUN
easat-9251	101	38	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	101	39	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	101	40	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-9251	101	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	1	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
easat-9251	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	3	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	102	4	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	102	5	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	102	6	performed	perform	VERB
easat-9251	102	7	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	102	8	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	102	9	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	102	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	11	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	102	12	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	102	13	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	102	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	15	such	such	ADJ
easat-9251	102	16	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	102	17	yolov8	yolov8	NOUN
easat-9251	102	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	102	19	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-9251	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	21	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	102	22	extracted	extract	VERB
easat-9251	102	23	semantic	semantic	ADJ
easat-9251	102	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	102	25	positional	positional	ADJ
easat-9251	102	26	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	102	27	about	about	ADP
easat-9251	102	28	surrounding	surround	VERB
easat-9251	102	29	objects	object	NOUN
easat-9251	102	30	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	31	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	102	32	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	102	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	102	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	103	1	184	184	NUM
easat-9251	103	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	103	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	103	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	103	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	103	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	103	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	103	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	103	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	103	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	103	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	103	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	103	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	104	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	104	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	104	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	104	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	104	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	104	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	104	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	104	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	104	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	104	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	104	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	104	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	104	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	104	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	104	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	104	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	105	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	105	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	105	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	105	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	105	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	105	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	105	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	105	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	105	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	105	10	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	105	11	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	105	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	105	13	working	work	VERB
easat-9251	105	14	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-9251	105	15	process	process	NOUN
easat-9251	105	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	106	1	following	follow	VERB
easat-9251	106	2	semantic	semantic	ADJ
easat-9251	106	3	parsing	parsing	NOUN
easat-9251	106	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	106	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	106	6	scene	scene	NOUN
easat-9251	106	7	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	106	8	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	106	9	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	106	10	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	106	11	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	106	12	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	106	13	objects	object	NOUN
easat-9251	106	14	such	such	ADJ
easat-9251	106	15	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	106	16	cars	car	NOUN
easat-9251	106	17	pedestrians	pedestrian	NOUN
easat-9251	106	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	106	19	cyclists	cyclist	NOUN
easat-9251	106	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	107	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	107	2	predicting	predict	VERB
easat-9251	107	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	107	4	probable	probable	ADJ
easat-9251	107	5	future	future	ADJ
easat-9251	107	6	locations	location	NOUN
easat-9251	107	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	107	8	these	these	DET
easat-9251	107	9	objects	object	NOUN
easat-9251	107	10	long	long	ADJ
easat-9251	107	11	shortterm	shortterm	NOUN
easat-9251	107	12	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-9251	107	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	107	14	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	107	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	107	16	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	107	17	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9251	107	18	trained	train	VERB
easat-9251	107	19	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	107	20	sequential	sequential	ADJ
easat-9251	107	21	sensory	sensory	ADJ
easat-9251	107	22	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-9251	107	23	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9251	107	24	improved	improve	VERB
easat-9251	107	25	the	the	DET
easat-9251	107	26	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	107	27	readiness	readiness	NOUN
easat-9251	107	28	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	107	29	upcoming	upcoming	ADJ
easat-9251	107	30	events	event	NOUN
easat-9251	107	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	108	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	108	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-9251	108	3	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	108	4	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	108	5	action	action	NOUN
easat-9251	108	6	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-9251	108	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	108	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	108	9	safe	safe	ADJ
easat-9251	108	10	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	108	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	108	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	108	13	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	108	14	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	108	15	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	108	16	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	108	17	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	108	18	handled	handle	VERB
easat-9251	108	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	108	20	a	a	DET
easat-9251	108	21	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	108	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	108	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	108	24	rl)-driven	rl)-driven	NOUN
easat-9251	108	25	decisionmaking	decisionmake	VERB
easat-9251	108	26	module	module	NOUN
easat-9251	108	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	109	1	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	109	2	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-9251	109	3	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	109	4	a	a	DET
easat-9251	109	5	simulated	simulated	ADJ
easat-9251	109	6	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	109	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	109	8	a	a	DET
easat-9251	109	9	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-9251	109	10	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	109	11	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	109	12	prioritizes	prioritize	VERB
easat-9251	109	13	comfort	comfort	NOUN
easat-9251	109	14	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	109	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	109	16	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	109	17	this	this	DET
easat-9251	109	18	rl	rl	PROPN
easat-9251	109	19	agent	agent	NOUN
easat-9251	109	20	learned	learn	VERB
easat-9251	109	21	the	the	DET
easat-9251	109	22	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	109	23	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9251	109	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	110	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	110	2	control	control	NOUN
easat-9251	110	3	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	110	4	then	then	ADV
easat-9251	110	5	carried	carry	VERB
easat-9251	110	6	out	out	ADP
easat-9251	110	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	110	8	chosen	choose	VERB
easat-9251	110	9	course	course	NOUN
easat-9251	110	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	110	11	action	action	NOUN
easat-9251	110	12	whether	whether	SCONJ
easat-9251	110	13	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	110	14	included	include	VERB
easat-9251	110	15	braking	braking	NOUN
easat-9251	110	16	acceleration	acceleration	NOUN
easat-9251	110	17	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9251	110	18	steering	steering	NOUN
easat-9251	110	19	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-9251	110	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	111	1	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	111	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	111	3	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	111	4	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	111	5	checkers	checker	NOUN
easat-9251	111	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	111	7	fault	fault	VERB
easat-9251	111	8	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	111	9	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	111	10	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	111	11	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	111	12	to	to	PART
easat-9251	111	13	continuously	continuously	ADV
easat-9251	111	14	monitor	monitor	VERB
easat-9251	111	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	111	16	entire	entire	ADJ
easat-9251	111	17	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	111	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	111	19	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	111	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	111	21	action	action	NOUN
easat-9251	111	22	loop	loop	NOUN
easat-9251	111	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	111	24	order	order	NOUN
easat-9251	111	25	to	to	PART
easat-9251	111	26	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	111	27	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	111	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	112	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	112	2	tiered	tiered	ADJ
easat-9251	112	3	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-9251	112	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	112	5	this	this	DET
easat-9251	112	6	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-9251	112	7	permitted	permit	VERB
easat-9251	112	8	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	112	9	tuning	tuning	NOUN
easat-9251	112	10	at	at	ADP
easat-9251	112	11	every	every	DET
easat-9251	112	12	level	level	NOUN
easat-9251	112	13	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9251	112	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	112	15	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	112	16	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	112	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	112	18	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-9251	112	19	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-9251	112	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	112	21	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-9251	112	22	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	112	23	simplifying	simplify	VERB
easat-9251	112	24	modular	modular	ADJ
easat-9251	112	25	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-9251	112	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	113	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-9251	113	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	113	3	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	113	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	113	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	113	6	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9251	113	7	application	application	NOUN
easat-9251	113	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	113	9	five	five	NUM
easat-9251	113	10	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-9251	113	11	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	113	12	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	113	13	each	each	PRON
easat-9251	113	14	intended	intend	VERB
easat-9251	113	15	to	to	PART
easat-9251	113	16	address	address	VERB
easat-9251	113	17	domain	domain	NOUN
easat-9251	113	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	113	19	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-9251	113	20	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
easat-9251	113	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	113	22	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	113	23	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	113	24	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	113	25	forms	form	VERB
easat-9251	113	26	the	the	DET
easat-9251	113	27	core	core	NOUN
easat-9251	113	28	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	113	29	this	this	DET
easat-9251	113	30	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	113	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	114	1	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-9251	114	2	layered	layered	ADJ
easat-9251	114	3	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
easat-9251	114	4	transformations	transformation	NOUN
easat-9251	114	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	114	6	first	first	ADJ
easat-9251	114	7	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	114	8	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9251	114	9	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	114	10	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	114	11	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	114	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	114	13	dnns)—was	dnns)—wa	VERB
easat-9251	114	14	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	114	15	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	114	16	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	114	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	114	18	mapping	mapping	NOUN
easat-9251	114	19	intricate	intricate	ADJ
easat-9251	114	20	sensory	sensory	ADJ
easat-9251	114	21	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-9251	114	22	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	114	23	the	the	DET
easat-9251	114	24	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-9251	114	25	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	114	26	labels	label	NOUN
easat-9251	114	27	shown	show	VERB
easat-9251	114	28	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	114	29	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	114	30	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	114	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	114	32	mathematically	mathematically	ADV
easat-9251	114	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	114	34	a	a	DET
easat-9251	114	35	185	185	NUM
easat-9251	114	36	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	114	37	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	114	38	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	114	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	114	40	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	114	41	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	114	42	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	114	43	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	114	44	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	114	45	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	114	46	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	114	47	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	115	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	115	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	115	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	115	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	115	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	115	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	115	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	115	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	115	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	115	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	115	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	115	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	115	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	115	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	115	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	116	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	116	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	116	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	116	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	116	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	116	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	116	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	116	8	learning	learning	PROPN
easat-9251	116	9	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9251	116	10	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	116	11	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9251	116	12	to	to	PART
easat-9251	116	13	compute	compute	VERB
easat-9251	116	14	a	a	DET
easat-9251	116	15	function	function	NOUN
easat-9251	116	16	f(x)f(x	f(x)f(x	NOUN
easat-9251	116	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	116	18	parameterized	parameterize	VERB
easat-9251	116	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	116	20	a	a	DET
easat-9251	116	21	set	set	NOUN
easat-9251	116	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	116	23	weights	weight	NOUN
easat-9251	116	24	θ\theta	θ\theta	NOUN
easat-9251	116	25	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	116	26	minimizes	minimize	VERB
easat-9251	116	27	the	the	DET
easat-9251	116	28	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	116	29	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	116	30	l\mathcal{l	l\mathcal{l	NOUN
easat-9251	116	31	}	}	PUNCT
easat-9251	116	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	117	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9251	117	2	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	117	3	represented	represent	VERB
easat-9251	117	4	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	117	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	117	6	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-9251	117	7	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	117	8	):	):	PUNCT
easat-9251	117	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	117	10	1	1	X
easat-9251	117	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	117	12	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	117	13	w	w	NOUN
easat-9251	117	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	117	15	b	b	NOUN
easat-9251	117	16	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	117	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	117	18	weights	weight	NOUN
easat-9251	117	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	117	20	biases	bias	NOUN
easat-9251	117	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	117	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	117	23	σ\sigma	σ\sigma	NOUN
easat-9251	117	24	denotes	denote	VERB
easat-9251	117	25	the	the	DET
easat-9251	117	26	activation	activation	NOUN
easat-9251	117	27	function	function	NOUN
easat-9251	117	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	118	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	118	2	second	second	ADJ
easat-9251	118	3	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	118	4	involved	involve	VERB
easat-9251	118	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	118	6	use	use	NOUN
easat-9251	118	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	118	8	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-9251	118	9	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	118	10	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	118	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	118	12	cnns	cnns	PROPN
easat-9251	118	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	118	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	118	15	scene	scene	NOUN
easat-9251	118	16	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9251	118	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	118	18	visual	visual	ADJ
easat-9251	118	19	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	118	20	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-9251	118	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	119	1	cnns	cnns	PROPN
easat-9251	119	2	operate	operate	VERB
easat-9251	119	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	119	4	convolving	convolve	VERB
easat-9251	119	5	learned	learn	VERB
easat-9251	119	6	filters	filter	NOUN
easat-9251	119	7	over	over	ADP
easat-9251	119	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	119	9	input	input	NOUN
easat-9251	119	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	119	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	119	12	producing	produce	VERB
easat-9251	119	13	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	119	14	maps	map	NOUN
easat-9251	119	15	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	119	16	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	119	17	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	119	18	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-9251	119	19	invariant	invariant	VERB
easat-9251	119	20	to	to	PART
easat-9251	119	21	scale	scale	VERB
easat-9251	119	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	119	23	translation	translation	NOUN
easat-9251	119	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	120	2	convolution	convolution	NOUN
easat-9251	120	3	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	120	4	can	can	AUX
easat-9251	120	5	be	be	AUX
easat-9251	120	6	mathematically	mathematically	ADV
easat-9251	120	7	defined	define	VERB
easat-9251	120	8	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	120	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	10	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-9251	120	11	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	120	12	):	):	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	14	2	2	X
easat-9251	120	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	16	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	120	17	i	i	PRON
easat-9251	120	18	represents	represent	VERB
easat-9251	120	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	120	20	input	input	NOUN
easat-9251	120	21	image	image	NOUN
easat-9251	120	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	23	k	k	PROPN
easat-9251	120	24	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	120	25	the	the	DET
easat-9251	120	26	kernel	kernel	NOUN
easat-9251	120	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	120	29	o(i	o(i	PROPN
easat-9251	120	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	31	j	j	NOUN
easat-9251	120	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	120	33	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	120	34	the	the	DET
easat-9251	120	35	output	output	NOUN
easat-9251	120	36	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	120	37	map	map	NOUN
easat-9251	120	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	121	1	figure	figure	VERB
easat-9251	121	2	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	121	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	121	4	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	121	5	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	121	6	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	121	7	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	121	8	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	121	9	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	121	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	122	1	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	122	2	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	122	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	122	4	addressed	address	VERB
easat-9251	122	5	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	122	6	long	long	ADJ
easat-9251	122	7	short	short	ADJ
easat-9251	122	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	122	9	term	term	NOUN
easat-9251	122	10	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-9251	122	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	122	12	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	122	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	122	14	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	122	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	122	16	a	a	DET
easat-9251	122	17	specialized	specialized	ADJ
easat-9251	122	18	form	form	NOUN
easat-9251	122	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	122	20	recurrent	recurrent	ADJ
easat-9251	122	21	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	122	22	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	122	23	designed	design	VERB
easat-9251	122	24	to	to	PART
easat-9251	122	25	learn	learn	VERB
easat-9251	122	26	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-9251	122	27	dependencies	dependency	NOUN
easat-9251	122	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	123	2	lstm	lstm	PROPN
easat-9251	123	3	cell	cell	NOUN
easat-9251	123	4	's	's	PART
easat-9251	123	5	computation	computation	NOUN
easat-9251	123	6	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	123	7	governed	govern	VERB
easat-9251	123	8	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	123	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	123	10	following	follow	VERB
easat-9251	123	11	set	set	NOUN
easat-9251	123	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	123	13	equations	equation	NOUN
easat-9251	123	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	15	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-9251	123	16	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	123	17	):	):	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	19	3	3	X
easat-9251	123	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	21	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	123	22	ft	ft	X
easat-9251	123	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	24	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	123	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	123	27	ct	ct	PRON
easat-9251	123	28	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	123	29	the	the	DET
easat-9251	123	30	forget	forget	NOUN
easat-9251	123	31	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	123	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	33	input	input	NOUN
easat-9251	123	34	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	123	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	123	37	cell	cell	NOUN
easat-9251	123	38	state	state	NOUN
easat-9251	123	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	123	40	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-9251	123	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	124	1	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	124	2	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	124	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	124	4	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	124	5	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	124	6	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	124	7	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	124	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	124	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	124	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	124	11	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9251	124	12	a	a	DET
easat-9251	124	13	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	124	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	124	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	124	16	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	124	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	124	18	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9251	124	19	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	124	20	optimized	optimize	VERB
easat-9251	124	21	a	a	DET
easat-9251	124	22	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9251	124	23	π(a∣s)\pi(a|s	π(a∣s)\pi(a|s	NOUN
easat-9251	124	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	124	25	to	to	PART
easat-9251	124	26	maximize	maximize	VERB
easat-9251	124	27	expected	expect	VERB
easat-9251	124	28	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
easat-9251	124	29	rewards	reward	NOUN
easat-9251	124	30	rr	rr	PROPN
easat-9251	124	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	125	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	125	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
easat-9251	125	3	objective	objective	NOUN
easat-9251	125	4	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	125	5	described	describe	VERB
easat-9251	125	6	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	125	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	125	8	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-9251	125	9	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	125	10	):	):	PUNCT
easat-9251	125	11	186	186	NUM
easat-9251	125	12	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	125	13	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	125	14	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	125	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	125	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	125	17	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	125	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	125	19	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	125	20	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	125	21	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	125	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	125	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	126	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	126	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	126	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	126	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	126	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	126	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	126	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	126	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	126	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	126	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	126	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	126	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	126	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	126	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	126	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	127	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	127	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	127	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	127	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	127	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	127	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	127	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	127	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	127	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	127	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	127	11	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	127	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	127	13	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	127	14	γ	γ	PROPN
easat-9251	127	15	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	127	16	the	the	DET
easat-9251	127	17	discount	discount	NOUN
easat-9251	127	18	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-9251	127	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	127	20	rt	rt	PROPN
easat-9251	127	21	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	127	22	the	the	DET
easat-9251	127	23	reward	reward	NOUN
easat-9251	127	24	at	at	ADP
easat-9251	127	25	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	127	26	t	t	PROPN
easat-9251	127	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	127	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	127	29	πθ	πθ	X
easat-9251	127	30	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	127	31	the	the	DET
easat-9251	127	32	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9251	127	33	parameterized	parameterize	VERB
easat-9251	127	34	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	127	35	θ	θ	PROPN
easat-9251	127	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	128	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-9251	128	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	128	3	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	128	4	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	128	5	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	128	6	explored	explore	VERB
easat-9251	128	7	to	to	PART
easat-9251	128	8	address	address	VERB
easat-9251	128	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	128	10	need	need	NOUN
easat-9251	128	11	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	128	12	low	low	ADJ
easat-9251	128	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	128	14	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	128	15	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	128	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	1	inspired	inspire	VERB
easat-9251	129	2	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	129	3	biological	biological	ADJ
easat-9251	129	4	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	129	5	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	129	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	7	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	129	8	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-9251	129	9	employ	employ	VERB
easat-9251	129	10	spiking	spike	VERB
easat-9251	129	11	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	129	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	129	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	14	snns	snn	NOUN
easat-9251	129	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	17	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	129	18	computations	computation	NOUN
easat-9251	129	19	are	be	AUX
easat-9251	129	20	event	event	NOUN
easat-9251	129	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	22	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9251	129	23	rather	rather	ADV
easat-9251	129	24	than	than	ADP
easat-9251	129	25	clock	clock	NOUN
easat-9251	129	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	129	27	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9251	129	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	130	2	membrane	membrane	NOUN
easat-9251	130	3	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9251	130	4	v(t)v(t	v(t)v(t	NOUN
easat-9251	130	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	130	7	a	a	DET
easat-9251	130	8	neuron	neuron	NOUN
easat-9251	130	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	130	10	described	describe	VERB
easat-9251	130	11	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	130	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	130	13	leaky	leaky	ADJ
easat-9251	130	14	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	130	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	130	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	18	fire	fire	NOUN
easat-9251	130	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	20	lif	lif	NOUN
easat-9251	130	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	22	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	130	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	24	eq	eq	NOUN
easat-9251	130	25	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	130	26	):	):	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	28	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	130	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	30	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	130	31	τm	τm	PROPN
easat-9251	130	32	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	130	33	the	the	DET
easat-9251	130	34	membrane	membrane	ADJ
easat-9251	130	35	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	130	36	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-9251	130	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	38	rm	rm	PROPN
easat-9251	130	39	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	130	40	the	the	DET
easat-9251	130	41	membrane	membrane	NOUN
easat-9251	130	42	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9251	130	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	130	45	i(t)i(t	i(t)i(t	NOUN
easat-9251	130	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	130	47	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	130	48	the	the	DET
easat-9251	130	49	input	input	NOUN
easat-9251	130	50	current	current	ADJ
easat-9251	130	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	131	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-9251	131	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	132	1	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	132	2	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	132	3	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	132	4	a	a	DET
easat-9251	132	5	wide	wide	ADJ
easat-9251	132	6	range	range	NOUN
easat-9251	132	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	132	8	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	132	9	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	132	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	132	11	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-9251	132	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	132	13	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	132	14	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-9251	132	15	to	to	PART
easat-9251	132	16	make	make	VERB
easat-9251	132	17	sure	sure	ADJ
easat-9251	132	18	the	the	DET
easat-9251	132	19	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	132	20	not	not	PART
easat-9251	132	21	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	132	22	functioned	function	VERB
easat-9251	132	23	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-9251	132	24	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	132	25	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	132	26	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9251	132	27	under	under	ADP
easat-9251	132	28	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	132	29	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9251	132	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	133	1	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	133	2	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	133	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	133	4	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	133	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	133	6	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	133	7	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	133	8	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	133	9	to	to	PART
easat-9251	133	10	measure	measure	VERB
easat-9251	133	11	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	133	12	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	133	13	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	133	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	134	1	these	these	DET
easat-9251	134	2	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	134	3	together	together	ADV
easat-9251	134	4	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-9251	134	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	134	6	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	134	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	134	8	comprehensiveness	comprehensiveness	NOUN
easat-9251	134	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	134	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	134	11	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	134	12	outputs	output	NOUN
easat-9251	134	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	135	1	mean	mean	VERB
easat-9251	135	2	absolute	absolute	ADJ
easat-9251	135	3	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	135	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	135	5	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	135	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	135	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	135	8	root	root	NOUN
easat-9251	135	9	mean	mean	VERB
easat-9251	135	10	sq\.	sq\.	PROPN
easat-9251	135	11	d	d	NOUN
easat-9251	135	12	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	135	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	135	14	rmse	rmse	NOUN
easat-9251	135	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	135	16	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	135	17	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9251	135	18	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	135	19	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	135	20	both	both	DET
easat-9251	135	21	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-9251	135	22	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-9251	135	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	135	24	variance	variance	NOUN
easat-9251	135	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	135	26	the	the	DET
easat-9251	135	27	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	135	28	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	135	29	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	135	30	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	135	31	to	to	PART
easat-9251	135	32	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-9251	135	33	the	the	DET
easat-9251	135	34	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	135	35	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	135	36	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	135	37	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	135	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	136	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	136	2	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	136	3	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	136	4	metric	metric	ADJ
easat-9251	136	5	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	136	6	quantifies	quantify	VERB
easat-9251	136	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	136	8	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-9251	136	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	136	10	episodes	episode	NOUN
easat-9251	136	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	136	12	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	136	13	the	the	DET
easat-9251	136	14	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	136	15	agent	agent	NOUN
easat-9251	136	16	reached	reach	VERB
easat-9251	136	17	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	136	18	destination	destination	NOUN
easat-9251	136	19	without	without	ADP
easat-9251	136	20	colliding	collide	VERB
easat-9251	136	21	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	136	22	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	136	23	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	136	24	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	136	25	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-9251	136	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	137	1	mean	mean	VERB
easat-9251	137	2	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	137	3	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	137	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	137	5	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	137	6	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-9251	137	7	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-9251	137	8	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	137	9	represent	represent	VERB
easat-9251	137	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	137	11	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-9251	137	12	speed	speed	NOUN
easat-9251	137	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	137	14	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	137	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	137	16	each	each	DET
easat-9251	137	17	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	137	18	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	137	19	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	137	20	to	to	PART
easat-9251	137	21	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-9251	137	22	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	137	23	an	an	DET
easat-9251	137	24	important	important	ADJ
easat-9251	137	25	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-9251	137	26	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	137	27	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	137	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	137	29	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	137	30	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	137	31	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	137	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	138	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-9251	138	2	stl	stl	PROPN
easat-9251	138	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	138	4	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	138	5	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-9251	138	6	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	138	7	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	138	8	assess	assess	VERB
easat-9251	138	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	138	10	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	138	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9251	138	12	to	to	PART
easat-9251	138	13	meet	meet	VERB
easat-9251	138	14	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	138	15	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9251	138	16	across	across	ADP
easat-9251	138	17	a	a	DET
easat-9251	138	18	range	range	NOUN
easat-9251	138	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	138	20	input	input	NOUN
easat-9251	138	21	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN
easat-9251	138	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	138	23	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	138	24	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-9251	138	25	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	138	26	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	138	27	to	to	PART
easat-9251	138	28	quantify	quantify	VERB
easat-9251	138	29	the	the	DET
easat-9251	138	30	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	138	31	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	138	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	139	1	4	4	X
easat-9251	139	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	139	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-9251	139	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	139	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-9251	139	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	139	7	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9251	139	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	139	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9251	139	10	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	139	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	139	12	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	139	13	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	139	14	this	this	DET
easat-9251	139	15	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	139	16	methodically	methodically	ADV
easat-9251	139	17	assessed	assess	VERB
easat-9251	139	18	the	the	DET
easat-9251	139	19	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9251	139	20	versatility	versatility	NOUN
easat-9251	139	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	139	22	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	139	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	139	24	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
easat-9251	139	25	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	139	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	139	27	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9251	139	28	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9251	139	29	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	139	30	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	139	31	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	139	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	139	33	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	139	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	139	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	140	1	six	six	NUM
easat-9251	140	2	important	important	ADJ
easat-9251	140	3	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	140	4	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	140	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	140	6	examined	examine	VERB
easat-9251	140	7	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	140	8	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
easat-9251	140	9	testing	testing	NOUN
easat-9251	140	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	140	11	controlled	control	VERB
easat-9251	140	12	simulations	simulation	NOUN
easat-9251	140	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	140	14	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	140	15	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	140	16	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	140	17	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	140	18	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	140	19	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	140	20	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	140	21	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	140	22	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	140	23	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	140	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	140	25	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	140	26	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	140	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	141	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-9251	141	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	141	3	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	141	4	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	141	5	results	result	VERB
easat-9251	141	6	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9251	141	7	differences	difference	NOUN
easat-9251	141	8	between	between	ADP
easat-9251	141	9	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	141	10	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	141	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	141	12	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	141	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	141	14	classical	classical	ADJ
easat-9251	141	15	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	141	16	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9251	141	17	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	141	18	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9251	141	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	141	20	the	the	DET
easat-9251	141	21	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	141	22	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	141	23	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	141	24	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	141	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-9251	142	2	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	142	3	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	142	4	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	142	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	142	6	figure	figure	VERB
easat-9251	142	7	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	142	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	142	9	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	142	10	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	142	11	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	142	12	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	142	13	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	142	14	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	142	15	produced	produce	VERB
easat-9251	142	16	the	the	DET
easat-9251	142	17	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	142	18	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	142	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	20	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	142	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	22	97	97	NUM
easat-9251	142	23	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	142	24	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	142	25	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	142	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	27	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	142	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	29	98	98	NUM
easat-9251	142	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	142	31	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	142	32	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	142	33	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	142	35	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	142	36	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	37	97	97	NUM
easat-9251	142	38	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	142	39	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	142	40	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	142	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	142	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	143	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	143	2	result	result	NOUN
easat-9251	143	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	143	4	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-9251	143	5	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-9251	143	6	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	143	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	143	8	synergistic	synergistic	ADJ
easat-9251	143	9	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9251	143	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	143	11	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	143	12	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	143	13	modal	modal	ADJ
easat-9251	143	14	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	143	15	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-9251	143	16	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	143	17	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	143	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	143	19	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	143	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	143	21	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	143	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	143	23	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	143	24	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	143	25	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-9251	143	26	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	143	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	143	28	coupled	couple	VERB
easat-9251	143	29	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	143	30	a	a	DET
easat-9251	143	31	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	143	32	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	143	33	backbone	backbone	NOUN
easat-9251	143	34	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	143	35	allowed	allow	VERB
easat-9251	143	36	the	the	DET
easat-9251	143	37	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	143	38	to	to	PART
easat-9251	143	39	generalize	generalize	VERB
easat-9251	143	40	better	well	ADV
easat-9251	143	41	across	across	ADP
easat-9251	143	42	varying	vary	VERB
easat-9251	143	43	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	143	44	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	143	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	144	1	187	187	NUM
easat-9251	144	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	144	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	144	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	144	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	144	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	144	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	144	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	144	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	144	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	144	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	144	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	144	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	145	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	145	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	145	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	145	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	145	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	145	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	145	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	145	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	145	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	145	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	145	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	145	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	145	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	145	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	145	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	145	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	146	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	146	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	146	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	146	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	146	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	146	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	146	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	146	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	146	9	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9251	146	10	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	146	11	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	146	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	146	13	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	146	14	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	146	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	147	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-9251	147	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	147	5	classical	classical	ADJ
easat-9251	147	6	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	147	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	8	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	147	9	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	147	10	recorded	record	VERB
easat-9251	147	11	the	the	DET
easat-9251	147	12	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	147	13	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	147	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	15	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	147	16	a	a	DET
easat-9251	147	17	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	147	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	147	19	83.4	83.4	NUM
easat-9251	147	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	147	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	22	a	a	DET
easat-9251	147	23	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	147	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	147	25	79.8	79.8	NUM
easat-9251	147	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	147	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	147	29	an	an	DET
easat-9251	147	30	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	147	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	147	32	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	147	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	147	34	81.5	81.5	NUM
easat-9251	147	35	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	147	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	148	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	148	2	decline	decline	NOUN
easat-9251	148	3	stemmed	stem	VERB
easat-9251	148	4	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	148	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	148	6	rigid	rigid	ADJ
easat-9251	148	7	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	148	8	rules	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	148	9	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	148	10	lacked	lack	VERB
easat-9251	148	11	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
easat-9251	148	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	148	13	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	148	14	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	148	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	148	16	world	world	NOUN
easat-9251	148	17	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	148	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	148	19	often	often	ADV
easat-9251	148	20	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9251	148	21	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	148	22	both	both	DET
easat-9251	148	23	false	false	ADJ
easat-9251	148	24	positives	positive	NOUN
easat-9251	148	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	148	26	false	false	ADJ
easat-9251	148	27	negatives	negative	NOUN
easat-9251	148	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	1	among	among	ADP
easat-9251	149	2	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	149	3	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	149	4	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-9251	149	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	149	7	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	149	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	9	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	149	10	yolov8	yolov8	NOUN
easat-9251	149	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	12	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	149	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	14	97.1	97.1	NUM
easat-9251	149	15	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	149	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	17	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	149	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	19	95.8	95.8	NUM
easat-9251	149	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	149	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	22	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	149	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	24	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	149	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	26	96.4	96.4	NUM
easat-9251	149	27	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	149	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	29	outperformed	outperform	VERB
easat-9251	149	30	the	the	DET
easat-9251	149	31	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-9251	149	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	33	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	149	34	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-9251	149	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	36	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	149	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	38	96.3	96.3	NUM
easat-9251	149	39	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	149	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	41	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	149	42	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	43	94.7	94.7	NUM
easat-9251	149	44	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	149	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	46	f1score	f1score	NOUN
easat-9251	149	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	48	95.5	95.5	NUM
easat-9251	149	49	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	149	50	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	149	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	150	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	150	2	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-9251	150	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-9251	150	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	150	5	yolov8	yolov8	NOUN
easat-9251	150	6	were	be	AUX
easat-9251	150	7	largely	largely	ADV
easat-9251	150	8	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9251	150	9	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	150	10	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	150	11	optimized	optimize	VERB
easat-9251	150	12	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	150	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	150	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	150	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	150	16	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	150	17	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	150	18	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
easat-9251	150	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	150	20	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	150	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	150	22	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	150	23	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	150	24	localization	localization	NOUN
easat-9251	150	25	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	150	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	151	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	151	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	151	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	151	4	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	151	5	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	151	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	1	method	method	PROPN
easat-9251	152	2	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	152	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	4	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	152	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	6	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	152	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	8	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	152	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	10	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	152	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	12	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	152	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	14	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	152	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	16	classical	classical	ADJ
easat-9251	152	17	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	152	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	19	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	152	20	83.4	83.4	NUM
easat-9251	152	21	79.8	79.8	NUM
easat-9251	152	22	81.5	81.5	NUM
easat-9251	152	23	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	152	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	25	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	152	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	27	yolov8	yolov8	PROPN
easat-9251	152	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	29	97.1	97.1	NUM
easat-9251	152	30	95.8	95.8	NUM
easat-9251	152	31	96.4	96.4	NUM
easat-9251	152	32	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-9251	152	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	34	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	152	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	36	resnet-50	resnet-50	PROPN
easat-9251	152	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	38	96.3	96.3	NUM
easat-9251	152	39	94.7	94.7	NUM
easat-9251	152	40	95.5	95.5	NUM
easat-9251	152	41	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	152	42	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	152	43	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	152	44	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	152	45	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	152	46	98.5	98.5	NUM
easat-9251	152	47	97.2	97.2	NUM
easat-9251	152	48	97.8	97.8	NUM
easat-9251	152	49	overall	overall	ADV
easat-9251	152	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	152	51	the	the	DET
easat-9251	152	52	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	152	53	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	152	54	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	152	55	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	152	56	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	152	57	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	152	58	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9251	152	59	the	the	DET
easat-9251	152	60	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	152	61	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	152	62	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	152	63	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	152	64	maximized	maximize	VERB
easat-9251	152	65	both	both	DET
easat-9251	152	66	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	152	67	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	152	68	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	152	69	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	152	70	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	153	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	153	2	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	153	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	153	4	complementary	complementary	ADJ
easat-9251	153	5	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	153	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	153	7	reduced	reduce	VERB
easat-9251	153	8	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-9251	153	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	153	10	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9251	153	11	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	153	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	153	13	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	153	14	refined	refine	VERB
easat-9251	153	15	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-9251	153	16	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-9251	153	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	153	18	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9251	153	19	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	153	20	the	the	DET
easat-9251	153	21	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	153	22	recorded	record	VERB
easat-9251	153	23	f1score	f1score	NOUN
easat-9251	153	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	154	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
easat-9251	154	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	155	1	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	155	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	155	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	155	4	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-9251	155	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	155	6	a	a	DET
easat-9251	155	7	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	155	8	checking	check	VERB
easat-9251	155	9	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	155	10	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	155	11	to	to	PART
easat-9251	155	12	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	155	13	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	155	14	each	each	DET
easat-9251	155	15	trace	trace	NOUN
easat-9251	155	16	meets	meet	VERB
easat-9251	155	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	155	18	requirement	requirement	NOUN
easat-9251	155	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	156	1	consider	consider	VERB
easat-9251	156	2	the	the	DET
easat-9251	156	3	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	156	4	metric	metric	ADJ
easat-9251	156	5	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	156	6	a	a	DET
easat-9251	156	7	fitness	fitness	NOUN
easat-9251	156	8	function	function	NOUN
easat-9251	156	9	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	156	10	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-9251	156	11	the	the	DET
easat-9251	156	12	degree	degree	NOUN
easat-9251	156	13	to	to	PART
easat-9251	156	14	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	156	15	each	each	DET
easat-9251	156	16	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	156	17	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-9251	156	18	satisfies	satisfy	VERB
easat-9251	156	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	156	20	requirement	requirement	NOUN
easat-9251	156	21	ϕ	ϕ	NOUN
easat-9251	156	22	a	a	DET
easat-9251	156	23	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-9251	156	24	value	value	NOUN
easat-9251	156	25	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-9251	156	26	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	156	27	the	the	DET
easat-9251	156	28	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-9251	156	29	satisfies	satisfy	VERB
easat-9251	156	30	ϕ.	ϕ.	PROPN
easat-9251	156	31	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-9251	156	32	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	156	33	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	156	34	[	[	X
easat-9251	156	35	[	[	X
easat-9251	156	36	ϕ]]d(t	ϕ]]d(t	NOUN
easat-9251	156	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	156	38	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	156	39	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	156	40	all	all	DET
easat-9251	156	41	t	t	NOUN
easat-9251	156	42	∈	∈	PROPN
easat-9251	156	43	l	l	X
easat-9251	156	44	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	156	45	m	m	NOUN
easat-9251	156	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	156	47	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	156	48	the	the	DET
easat-9251	156	49	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	156	50	checking	checking	NOUN
easat-9251	156	51	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-9251	156	52	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	156	53	a	a	DET
easat-9251	156	54	given	give	VERB
easat-9251	156	55	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	156	56	m	m	PROPN
easat-9251	156	57	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	156	58	a	a	DET
easat-9251	156	59	given	give	VERB
easat-9251	156	60	requirement	requirement	NOUN
easat-9251	156	61	ϕ.	ϕ.	PROPN
easat-9251	156	62	let	let	VERB
easat-9251	156	63	ϕ	ϕ	NOUN
easat-9251	156	64	be	be	AUX
easat-9251	156	65	an	an	DET
easat-9251	156	66	stl	stl	PROPN
easat-9251	156	67	property	property	NOUN
easat-9251	156	68	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	156	69	the	the	DET
easat-9251	156	70	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	156	71	needs	need	VERB
easat-9251	156	72	to	to	PART
easat-9251	156	73	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
easat-9251	156	74	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	157	1	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	157	2	the	the	DET
easat-9251	157	3	stl	stl	PROPN
easat-9251	157	4	verification	verification	NOUN
easat-9251	157	5	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-9251	157	6	we	we	PRON
easat-9251	157	7	would	would	AUX
easat-9251	157	8	like	like	VERB
easat-9251	157	9	to	to	PART
easat-9251	157	10	show	show	VERB
easat-9251	157	11	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	157	12	infy∈l	infy∈l	PROPN
easat-9251	157	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	157	14	σ	σ	PROPN
easat-9251	157	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	157	16	rϕ(y	rϕ(y	NUM
easat-9251	157	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	157	18	ε	ε	PROPN
easat-9251	157	19	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	157	20	since	since	SCONJ
easat-9251	157	21	ε	ε	PROPN
easat-9251	157	22	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	157	23	a	a	DET
easat-9251	157	24	desired	desire	VERB
easat-9251	157	25	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	157	26	188	188	NUM
easat-9251	157	27	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	157	28	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	157	29	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	157	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	157	31	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	157	32	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	157	33	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	157	34	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	157	35	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	157	36	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	157	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	157	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	158	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	158	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	158	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	158	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	158	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	158	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	158	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	158	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	158	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	158	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	158	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	158	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	158	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	158	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	158	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	158	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	159	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	159	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	159	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	159	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	159	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	159	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	159	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	159	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	159	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	159	10	threshold	threshold	PROPN
easat-9251	159	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	160	1	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	160	2	every	every	DET
easat-9251	160	3	simulation	simulation	NOUN
easat-9251	160	4	trace	trace	NOUN
easat-9251	160	5	t	t	NOUN
easat-9251	160	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	160	7	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	161	1	metric	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	161	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	161	3	[	[	X
easat-9251	161	4	ϕ]]d	ϕ]]d	NOUN
easat-9251	161	5	converts	convert	VERB
easat-9251	161	6	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	161	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	161	8	a	a	DET
easat-9251	161	9	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	161	10	number	number	NOUN
easat-9251	161	11	r.	r.	NOUN
easat-9251	161	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	161	13	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	161	14	7	7	NUM
easat-9251	161	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	161	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	162	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	162	2	a	a	X
easat-9251	162	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	162	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	162	5	b	b	X
easat-9251	162	6	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	162	7	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	162	8	7	7	NUM
easat-9251	162	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	163	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	163	2	a	a	X
easat-9251	163	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	163	4	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	163	5	trajectories	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	163	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	163	7	b)the	b)the	DET
easat-9251	163	8	resulting	result	VERB
easat-9251	163	9	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	163	10	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-9251	163	11	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	163	12	specification	specification	NOUN
easat-9251	163	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	164	1	4.3	4.3	NUM
easat-9251	164	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	164	3	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	164	4	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	164	5	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	164	6	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	164	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	164	8	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	164	9	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	164	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	164	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	164	12	shown	show	VERB
easat-9251	164	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	164	14	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	164	15	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	164	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	164	17	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	164	18	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	164	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	164	20	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9251	164	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	164	22	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	164	23	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	164	24	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	164	25	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	164	26	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	164	27	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9251	164	28	improved	improve	VERB
easat-9251	164	29	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	164	30	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	164	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	165	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	165	2	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	165	3	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	165	4	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	165	5	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	165	6	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	165	7	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	165	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	165	9	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-9251	165	10	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-9251	165	11	absolute	absolute	ADJ
easat-9251	165	12	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	165	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	165	14	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	165	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	165	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	165	17	0.27	0.27	NUM
easat-9251	165	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	165	19	root	root	NOUN
easat-9251	165	20	mean	mean	VERB
easat-9251	165	21	squared	square	VERB
easat-9251	165	22	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	165	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	165	24	rmse	rmse	NOUN
easat-9251	165	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	165	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	165	27	0.31	0.31	NUM
easat-9251	165	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	165	29	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9251	165	30	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	165	31	recording	record	VERB
easat-9251	165	32	the	the	DET
easat-9251	165	33	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	165	34	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	165	35	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	165	36	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	165	37	95.1	95.1	NUM
easat-9251	165	38	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	165	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	166	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	166	2	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-9251	166	3	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	166	4	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	166	5	largely	largely	ADV
easat-9251	166	6	due	due	ADJ
easat-9251	166	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	166	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	166	9	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	166	10	's	's	PART
easat-9251	166	11	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9251	166	12	to	to	PART
easat-9251	166	13	model	model	VERB
easat-9251	166	14	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-9251	166	15	dependencies	dependency	NOUN
easat-9251	166	16	combined	combine	VERB
easat-9251	166	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	166	18	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	166	19	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	166	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	166	21	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	166	22	provided	provide	VERB
easat-9251	166	23	richer	rich	ADJ
easat-9251	166	24	input	input	NOUN
easat-9251	166	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	166	26	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	166	27	sequence	sequence	NOUN
easat-9251	166	28	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	166	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	1	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	167	2	the	the	DET
easat-9251	167	3	other	other	ADJ
easat-9251	167	4	hand	hand	NOUN
easat-9251	167	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	167	7	kalman	kalman	PROPN
easat-9251	167	8	filter	filter	PROPN
easat-9251	167	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	10	baseline	baseline	PROPN
easat-9251	167	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	12	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
easat-9251	167	13	the	the	DET
easat-9251	167	14	weakest	weak	ADJ
easat-9251	167	15	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	167	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	167	18	the	the	DET
easat-9251	167	19	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	167	20	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	167	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	22	0.86	0.86	NUM
easat-9251	167	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	167	25	rmse	rmse	ADJ
easat-9251	167	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	27	1.02	1.02	NUM
easat-9251	167	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	167	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	167	31	a	a	DET
easat-9251	167	32	notably	notably	ADV
easat-9251	167	33	lower	low	ADJ
easat-9251	167	34	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	167	35	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	167	36	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	167	37	78.2	78.2	NUM
easat-9251	167	38	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	167	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	168	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	168	2	limitation	limitation	NOUN
easat-9251	168	3	arose	arise	VERB
easat-9251	168	4	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	168	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	168	6	kalman	kalman	PROPN
easat-9251	168	7	filter	filter	PROPN
easat-9251	168	8	's	's	PART
easat-9251	168	9	linearity	linearity	NOUN
easat-9251	168	10	assumption	assumption	NOUN
easat-9251	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	168	12	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	168	13	failed	fail	VERB
easat-9251	168	14	to	to	PART
easat-9251	168	15	capture	capture	VERB
easat-9251	168	16	the	the	DET
easat-9251	168	17	non	non	ADJ
easat-9251	168	18	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	168	19	linear	linear	ADJ
easat-9251	168	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	168	21	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	168	22	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-9251	168	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	168	24	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	168	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	168	26	world	world	NOUN
easat-9251	168	27	trajectories	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	168	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	169	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	169	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	169	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	169	4	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	169	5	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	169	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	1	method	method	PROPN
easat-9251	170	2	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	170	3	rmse	rmse	PROPN
easat-9251	170	4	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	170	5	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	170	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	7	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	170	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	9	kalman	kalman	PROPN
easat-9251	170	10	filter	filter	PROPN
easat-9251	170	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	12	baseline	baseline	PROPN
easat-9251	170	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	14	0.86	0.86	NUM
easat-9251	170	15	1.02	1.02	NUM
easat-9251	170	16	78.2	78.2	NUM
easat-9251	170	17	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	170	18	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	170	19	0.34	0.34	NUM
easat-9251	170	20	0.45	0.45	NUM
easat-9251	170	21	92.6	92.6	NUM
easat-9251	170	22	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	170	23	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	170	24	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	170	25	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	170	26	0.27	0.27	NUM
easat-9251	170	27	0.31	0.31	NUM
easat-9251	170	28	95.1	95.1	NUM
easat-9251	170	29	the	the	DET
easat-9251	170	30	standalone	standalone	ADJ
easat-9251	170	31	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	170	32	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	170	33	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9251	170	34	a	a	DET
easat-9251	170	35	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-9251	170	36	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-9251	170	37	over	over	ADP
easat-9251	170	38	the	the	DET
easat-9251	170	39	baseline	baseline	NOUN
easat-9251	170	40	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	170	41	a	a	DET
easat-9251	170	42	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	170	43	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	170	44	0.34	0.34	NUM
easat-9251	170	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	46	rmse	rmse	NOUN
easat-9251	170	47	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	170	48	0.45	0.45	NUM
easat-9251	170	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	50	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	170	51	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	170	52	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	170	53	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	170	54	92.6	92.6	NUM
easat-9251	170	55	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	170	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	57	underscoring	underscore	VERB
easat-9251	170	58	the	the	DET
easat-9251	170	59	strength	strength	NOUN
easat-9251	170	60	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	170	61	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	170	62	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	170	63	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	170	64	189	189	NUM
easat-9251	170	65	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	170	66	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	170	67	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	170	68	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	170	69	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	170	70	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	170	71	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	170	72	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	170	73	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	170	74	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	170	75	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	170	76	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	171	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	171	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	171	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	171	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	171	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	171	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	171	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	171	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	171	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	171	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	171	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	171	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	171	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	171	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	171	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	172	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	172	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	172	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	172	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	172	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	172	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	172	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	172	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	172	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	172	10	handling	handling	NOUN
easat-9251	172	11	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	172	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	172	13	series	series	NOUN
easat-9251	172	14	predictions	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	172	15	even	even	ADV
easat-9251	172	16	without	without	ADP
easat-9251	172	17	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	172	18	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	172	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	173	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	173	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9251	173	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	173	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	173	5	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	173	6	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	173	7	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	173	8	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	173	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	173	10	yielded	yield	VERB
easat-9251	173	11	the	the	DET
easat-9251	173	12	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	173	13	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	173	14	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	173	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	173	16	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	173	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	173	18	combined	combined	ADJ
easat-9251	173	19	use	use	NOUN
easat-9251	173	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	173	21	recurrent	recurrent	ADJ
easat-9251	173	22	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	173	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	173	24	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-9251	173	25	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	173	26	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	173	27	enabled	enable	VERB
easat-9251	173	28	the	the	DET
easat-9251	173	29	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	173	30	to	to	PART
easat-9251	173	31	adaptively	adaptively	ADV
easat-9251	173	32	predict	predict	VERB
easat-9251	173	33	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	173	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	173	35	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	173	36	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	173	37	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
easat-9251	173	38	motion	motion	NOUN
easat-9251	173	39	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-9251	173	40	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	173	41	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	173	42	fidelity	fidelity	NOUN
easat-9251	173	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	174	1	4.4	4.4	NUM
easat-9251	174	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	175	1	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	175	2	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	175	3	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	175	4	rate	rate	VERB
easat-9251	175	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	175	6	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9251	175	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	175	8	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	175	9	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	175	10	across	across	ADP
easat-9251	175	11	different	different	ADJ
easat-9251	175	12	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	175	13	reflected	reflect	VERB
easat-9251	175	14	the	the	DET
easat-9251	175	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9251	175	16	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-9251	175	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	175	18	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	175	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	175	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	175	21	rl)-based	rl)-base	VERB
easat-9251	175	22	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	175	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	176	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	176	2	detailed	detailed	ADJ
easat-9251	176	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	176	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	176	5	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	176	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	176	7	figure	figure	VERB
easat-9251	176	8	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	176	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	176	11	rlbased	rlbased	ADJ
easat-9251	176	12	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	176	13	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-9251	176	14	outperformed	outperform	VERB
easat-9251	176	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	176	16	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	176	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	176	18	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	176	19	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	176	20	across	across	ADP
easat-9251	176	21	all	all	DET
easat-9251	176	22	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	176	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	177	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	177	2	minimum	minimum	ADJ
easat-9251	177	3	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	177	4	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	177	5	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	177	6	recorded	record	VERB
easat-9251	177	7	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	177	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	177	9	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	177	10	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN
easat-9251	177	11	crossing	crossing	NOUN
easat-9251	177	12	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	177	13	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	177	14	the	the	DET
easat-9251	177	15	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	177	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	177	17	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	177	18	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	177	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	177	20	61.4	61.4	NUM
easat-9251	177	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	177	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	177	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	177	24	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	177	25	the	the	DET
easat-9251	177	26	inability	inability	NOUN
easat-9251	177	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	177	28	static	static	ADJ
easat-9251	177	29	rules	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	177	30	to	to	PART
easat-9251	177	31	handle	handle	VERB
easat-9251	177	32	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
easat-9251	177	33	human	human	ADJ
easat-9251	177	34	movements	movement	NOUN
easat-9251	177	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	178	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-9251	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	178	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	178	4	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	178	5	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	178	6	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	178	7	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	178	8	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	178	9	during	during	ADP
easat-9251	178	10	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	178	11	merging	merge	VERB
easat-9251	178	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	178	13	the	the	DET
easat-9251	178	14	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	178	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	178	16	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	178	17	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	178	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	178	19	reaching	reach	VERB
easat-9251	178	20	98.2	98.2	NUM
easat-9251	178	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	178	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	179	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	179	2	outcome	outcome	NOUN
easat-9251	179	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	179	4	attributed	attribute	VERB
easat-9251	179	5	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	179	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	179	7	rl	rl	PROPN
easat-9251	179	8	agent	agent	NOUN
easat-9251	179	9	's	's	PART
easat-9251	179	10	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	179	11	to	to	PART
easat-9251	179	12	continuously	continuously	ADV
easat-9251	179	13	learn	learn	VERB
easat-9251	179	14	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-9251	179	15	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9251	179	16	through	through	ADP
easat-9251	179	17	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	179	18	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-9251	179	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	179	20	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9251	179	21	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	179	22	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9251	179	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	179	24	safe	safe	ADJ
easat-9251	179	25	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	179	26	even	even	ADV
easat-9251	179	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	179	28	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	179	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	179	30	fast	fast	ADV
easat-9251	179	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	179	32	moving	move	VERB
easat-9251	179	33	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	179	34	situations	situation	NOUN
easat-9251	179	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	180	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	180	2	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	180	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	181	1	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	181	2	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	181	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	181	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	182	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-9251	182	3	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	182	4	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	182	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	182	6	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9251	182	7	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-9251	182	8	intersection	intersection	NOUN
easat-9251	182	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	182	10	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9251	182	11	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
easat-9251	182	12	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	182	13	showed	show	VERB
easat-9251	182	14	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-9251	182	15	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	182	16	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	182	17	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	182	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	19	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	182	20	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	182	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	22	95.6	95.6	NUM
easat-9251	182	23	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	182	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	182	25	93.4	93.4	NUM
easat-9251	182	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	182	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	28	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-9251	182	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	31	the	the	DET
easat-9251	182	32	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-9251	182	33	between	between	ADP
easat-9251	182	34	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	182	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	36	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	182	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	182	38	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	182	39	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	40	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	182	41	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	182	42	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	182	43	widest	widest	ADJ
easat-9251	182	44	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	182	45	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN
easat-9251	182	46	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	47	heavy	heavy	ADJ
easat-9251	182	48	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	182	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	50	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-9251	182	51	the	the	DET
easat-9251	182	52	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	182	53	strengths	strength	NOUN
easat-9251	182	54	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	182	55	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	182	56	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	182	57	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	182	58	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	182	59	under	under	ADP
easat-9251	182	60	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
easat-9251	182	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	183	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-9251	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	183	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	183	4	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	183	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	183	6	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	183	7	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	183	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	183	9	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	183	10	merging	merging	NOUN
easat-9251	183	11	delivered	deliver	VERB
easat-9251	183	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	183	13	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	183	14	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-9251	183	15	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	183	16	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	183	17	because	because	SCONJ
easat-9251	183	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	183	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	183	20	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9251	183	21	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-9251	183	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	183	23	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	183	24	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	183	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	183	26	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	183	27	learned	learn	VERB
easat-9251	183	28	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	183	29	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9251	183	30	could	could	AUX
easat-9251	183	31	be	be	AUX
easat-9251	183	32	generalized	generalize	VERB
easat-9251	183	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	183	34	executed	execute	VERB
easat-9251	183	35	more	more	ADV
easat-9251	183	36	efficiently	efficiently	ADV
easat-9251	183	37	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	183	38	fewer	few	ADJ
easat-9251	183	39	random	random	ADJ
easat-9251	183	40	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-9251	183	41	compared	compare	VERB
easat-9251	183	42	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	183	43	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-9251	183	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	183	45	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN
easat-9251	183	46	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	183	47	rich	rich	ADJ
easat-9251	183	48	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	183	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	1	72.5	72.5	NUM
easat-9251	184	2	81.3	81.3	NUM
easat-9251	184	3	66.8	66.8	NUM
easat-9251	184	4	61.4	61.4	NUM
easat-9251	184	5	86	86	NUM
easat-9251	184	6	88	88	NUM
easat-9251	184	7	90	90	NUM
easat-9251	184	8	92	92	NUM
easat-9251	184	9	94	94	NUM
easat-9251	184	10	96	96	NUM
easat-9251	184	11	98	98	NUM
easat-9251	184	12	100	100	NUM
easat-9251	184	13	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	184	14	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	184	15	20	20	NUM
easat-9251	184	16	30	30	NUM
easat-9251	184	17	40	40	NUM
easat-9251	184	18	50	50	NUM
easat-9251	184	19	60	60	NUM
easat-9251	184	20	70	70	NUM
easat-9251	184	21	80	80	NUM
easat-9251	184	22	90	90	NUM
easat-9251	184	23	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-9251	184	24	intersection	intersection	NOUN
easat-9251	184	25	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	184	26	merging	merge	VERB
easat-9251	184	27	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9251	184	28	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
easat-9251	184	29	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	184	30	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN
easat-9251	184	31	crossing	crossing	NOUN
easat-9251	184	32	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	184	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	34	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	184	35	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	184	36	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	184	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	38	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	184	39	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	40	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	184	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	42	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	184	43	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	184	44	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	184	45	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	46	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	184	47	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	48	190	190	NUM
easat-9251	184	49	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	184	50	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	184	51	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	184	52	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	184	53	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	184	54	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	184	55	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	184	56	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	184	57	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	184	58	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	184	59	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	184	60	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	185	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	185	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	185	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	185	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	185	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	185	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	185	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	185	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	185	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	185	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	185	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	185	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	185	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	185	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	185	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	185	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	186	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	186	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	186	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	186	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	186	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	186	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	186	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	186	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	186	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	186	10	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	186	11	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	186	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	186	13	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	186	14	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	186	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	186	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	186	17	different	different	ADJ
easat-9251	186	18	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	186	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	1	scenario	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	187	2	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	187	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	4	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	187	5	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	187	6	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	187	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	8	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	187	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	10	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	187	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	12	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	187	13	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	187	14	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	187	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	16	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	187	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	187	18	urban	urban	ADJ
easat-9251	187	19	intersection	intersection	NOUN
easat-9251	187	20	72.5	72.5	NUM
easat-9251	187	21	95.6	95.6	NUM
easat-9251	187	22	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	187	23	merging	merge	VERB
easat-9251	187	24	81.3	81.3	NUM
easat-9251	187	25	98.2	98.2	NUM
easat-9251	187	26	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9251	187	27	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
easat-9251	187	28	66.8	66.8	NUM
easat-9251	187	29	93.4	93.4	NUM
easat-9251	187	30	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	187	31	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN
easat-9251	187	32	crossing	cross	VERB
easat-9251	187	33	61.4	61.4	NUM
easat-9251	187	34	90.1	90.1	NUM
easat-9251	187	35	4.5	4.5	NUM
easat-9251	187	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	188	1	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	188	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9251	188	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	188	4	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	188	5	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	188	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	188	7	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	188	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	188	9	trade	trade	NOUN
easat-9251	188	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	188	11	offs	off	NOUN
easat-9251	188	12	between	between	ADP
easat-9251	188	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9251	188	14	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	188	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	188	16	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	188	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	188	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	188	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	188	20	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	188	21	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	188	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	189	2	presented	present	VERB
easat-9251	189	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	189	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	189	5	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	189	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	189	7	figure	figure	VERB
easat-9251	189	8	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	189	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	189	11	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	189	12	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	189	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	189	14	delivered	deliver	VERB
easat-9251	189	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	189	16	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	189	17	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-9251	189	18	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	189	19	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	189	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	21	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	189	22	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	189	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	189	25	the	the	DET
easat-9251	189	26	smallest	small	ADJ
easat-9251	189	27	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-9251	189	28	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-9251	189	29	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	30	0.9	0.9	NUM
easat-9251	189	31	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	189	32	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	189	34	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9251	189	35	outperforming	outperform	VERB
easat-9251	189	36	all	all	DET
easat-9251	189	37	other	other	ADJ
easat-9251	189	38	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	189	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	190	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	190	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-9251	190	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	190	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	190	5	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	190	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	190	7	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	190	8	yolov8	yolov8	NOUN
easat-9251	190	9	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
easat-9251	190	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	190	11	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	190	12	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	190	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	190	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	190	15	a	a	DET
easat-9251	190	16	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-9251	190	17	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	190	18	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	190	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	190	20	43.5	43.5	NUM
easat-9251	190	21	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	190	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	190	23	a	a	DET
easat-9251	190	24	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-9251	190	25	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-9251	190	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	190	27	5.4	5.4	NUM
easat-9251	190	28	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	190	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	191	1	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	191	2	a	a	X
easat-9251	191	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	191	4	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	191	5	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	191	6	.7	.7	NUM
easat-9251	191	7	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	191	8	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	191	9	.5	.5	NUM
easat-9251	191	10	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	191	11	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	191	12	.2	.2	NUM
easat-9251	191	13	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	191	14	.8	.8	NOUN
easat-9251	191	15	r	r	NOUN
easat-9251	191	16	u	u	NOUN
easat-9251	191	17	le	le	PROPN
easat-9251	191	18	b	b	PROPN
easat-9251	191	19	a	a	DET
easat-9251	191	20	s	s	X
easat-9251	191	21	e	e	X
easat-9251	191	22	d	d	X
easat-9251	191	23	s	s	PROPN
easat-9251	191	24	y	y	PROPN
easat-9251	191	25	s	s	PROPN
easat-9251	191	26	t	t	NOUN
easat-9251	191	27	e	e	NOUN
easat-9251	191	28	m	m	PROPN
easat-9251	191	29	d	d	PROPN
easat-9251	191	30	n	n	CCONJ
easat-9251	191	31	n	n	PROPN
easat-9251	191	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	191	33	y	y	NOUN
easat-9251	191	34	o	o	X
easat-9251	192	1	lo	lo	NOUN
easat-9251	192	2	v	v	NOUN
easat-9251	192	3	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	192	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	193	1	ls	ls	ADP
easat-9251	193	2	t	t	NOUN
easat-9251	193	3	m	m	VERB
easat-9251	193	4	p	p	NOUN
easat-9251	193	5	r	r	NOUN
easat-9251	193	6	e	e	NOUN
easat-9251	193	7	d	d	X
easat-9251	193	8	ic	ic	PROPN
easat-9251	193	9	t	t	PROPN
easat-9251	193	10	io	io	PROPN
easat-9251	193	11	n	n	CCONJ
easat-9251	193	12	n	n	PROPN
easat-9251	193	13	e	e	NOUN
easat-9251	193	14	u	u	NOUN
easat-9251	193	15	r	r	NOUN
easat-9251	193	16	o	o	NOUN
easat-9251	193	17	m	m	NOUN
easat-9251	193	18	o	o	NOUN
easat-9251	193	19	r	r	NOUN
easat-9251	193	20	p	p	NOUN
easat-9251	193	21	h	h	NOUN
easat-9251	193	22	ic	ic	NOUN
easat-9251	193	23	c	c	NOUN
easat-9251	193	24	o	o	NOUN
easat-9251	193	25	m	m	VERB
easat-9251	193	26	p	p	X
easat-9251	193	27	u	u	X
easat-9251	193	28	t	t	NOUN
easat-9251	193	29	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	193	30	g	g	PROPN
easat-9251	193	31	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-9251	193	32	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	193	33	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	193	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	193	35	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	193	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	193	37	191	191	NUM
easat-9251	193	38	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	193	39	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	193	40	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	193	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	193	42	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	193	43	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	193	44	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	193	45	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	193	46	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	193	47	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	193	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	193	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	194	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	194	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	194	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	194	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	194	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	194	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	194	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	194	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	194	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	194	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	194	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	194	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	194	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	194	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	194	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	194	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	195	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	195	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	195	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	195	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	195	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	195	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	195	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	195	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	195	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	195	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	195	11	b	b	NOUN
easat-9251	195	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	195	13	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	195	14	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	195	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	196	1	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	196	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	196	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	197	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	197	2	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9251	197	3	computational	computational	ADJ
easat-9251	197	4	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-9251	197	5	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	197	6	expected	expect	VERB
easat-9251	197	7	due	due	ADP
easat-9251	197	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	197	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	197	10	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	197	11	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	197	12	’s	’s	PART
easat-9251	197	13	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-9251	197	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	197	15	involving	involve	VERB
easat-9251	197	16	multilayer	multilayer	ADJ
easat-9251	197	17	feature	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	197	18	extraction	extraction	NOUN
easat-9251	197	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	197	20	object	object	VERB
easat-9251	197	21	bounding	bounding	NOUN
easat-9251	197	22	box	box	NOUN
easat-9251	197	23	predictions	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	197	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	197	25	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	197	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	197	27	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	197	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	198	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	198	2	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	198	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	198	4	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	198	5	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	198	6	reported	report	VERB
easat-9251	198	7	moderate	moderate	ADJ
easat-9251	198	8	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	198	9	values	value	NOUN
easat-9251	198	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	198	11	15.7	15.7	NUM
easat-9251	198	12	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	198	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	198	14	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	198	15	lacked	lack	VERB
easat-9251	198	16	the	the	DET
easat-9251	198	17	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-9251	198	18	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	198	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	198	20	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	198	21	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	198	22	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9251	198	23	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	198	24	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	198	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	198	26	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9251	198	27	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	198	28	computation	computation	NOUN
easat-9251	198	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	199	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-9251	199	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	199	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	199	4	lstm	lstm	PROPN
easat-9251	199	5	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	199	6	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	199	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	199	8	38.2	38.2	NUM
easat-9251	199	9	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	199	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	199	11	balanced	balanced	ADJ
easat-9251	199	12	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	199	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	199	14	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	199	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	199	16	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	199	17	still	still	ADV
easat-9251	199	18	trailed	trail	VERB
easat-9251	199	19	behind	behind	ADP
easat-9251	199	20	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	199	21	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-9251	199	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	200	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	200	2	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	200	3	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	200	4	observed	observe	VERB
easat-9251	200	5	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	200	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	200	7	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	200	8	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	200	9	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	200	10	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	200	11	a	a	DET
easat-9251	200	12	direct	direct	ADJ
easat-9251	200	13	consequence	consequence	NOUN
easat-9251	200	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	200	15	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	200	16	event	event	NOUN
easat-9251	200	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	200	18	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9251	200	19	architecture	architecture	NOUN
easat-9251	200	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	200	21	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	200	22	reduced	reduce	VERB
easat-9251	200	23	redundant	redundant	ADJ
easat-9251	200	24	computation	computation	NOUN
easat-9251	200	25	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	200	26	mimicking	mimic	VERB
easat-9251	200	27	biological	biological	ADJ
easat-9251	200	28	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	200	29	efficiencies	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	200	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	200	31	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-9251	200	32	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9251	200	33	ultra	ultra	ADJ
easat-9251	200	34	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	200	35	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-9251	200	36	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	200	37	suitable	suitable	ADJ
easat-9251	200	38	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	200	39	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	200	40	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	200	41	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	200	42	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	200	43	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	200	44	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	200	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	201	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	201	2	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	201	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	202	1	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	202	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	202	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	1	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	203	2	/	/	SYM
easat-9251	203	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	203	4	mean	mean	NOUN
easat-9251	203	5	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	203	6	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	203	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	8	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	203	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	10	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-9251	203	11	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-9251	203	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	13	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	203	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	15	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	203	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	17	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	203	18	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	203	19	15.7	15.7	NUM
easat-9251	203	20	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-9251	203	21	dnn	dnn	X
easat-9251	203	22	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	23	yolov8	yolov8	PROPN
easat-9251	203	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	25	43.5	43.5	NUM
easat-9251	203	26	5.4	5.4	NUM
easat-9251	203	27	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	203	28	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	203	29	38.2	38.2	NUM
easat-9251	203	30	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-9251	203	31	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	203	32	computing	compute	VERB
easat-9251	203	33	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	203	34	0.9	0.9	NUM
easat-9251	203	35	4.6	4.6	NUM
easat-9251	203	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	37	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	203	38	capability	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	203	39	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	203	40	summarized	summarize	VERB
easat-9251	203	41	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	203	42	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	203	43	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	203	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	203	45	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	203	46	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	203	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	203	48	the	the	DET
easat-9251	203	49	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9251	203	50	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	203	51	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	203	52	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	203	53	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	203	54	a	a	DET
easat-9251	203	55	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9251	203	56	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-9251	203	57	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	203	58	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	203	59	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	203	60	sensor	sensor	ADJ
easat-9251	203	61	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	203	62	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	203	63	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	204	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	204	2	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	204	3	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	204	4	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	204	5	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	204	6	reached	reach	VERB
easat-9251	204	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	204	8	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	204	9	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	204	10	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	204	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	204	12	97.3	97.3	NUM
easat-9251	204	13	out	out	ADP
easat-9251	204	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	204	15	100	100	NUM
easat-9251	204	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	204	17	validating	validate	VERB
easat-9251	204	18	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	204	19	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-9251	204	20	situational	situational	ADJ
easat-9251	204	21	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	204	22	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	204	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	205	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9251	205	2	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	205	3	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-9251	205	4	due	due	ADJ
easat-9251	205	5	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	205	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	205	7	complementary	complementary	ADJ
easat-9251	205	8	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-9251	205	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	205	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	205	11	fused	fuse	VERB
easat-9251	205	12	sensors	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	205	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	205	14	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	205	15	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9251	205	16	precise	precise	ADJ
easat-9251	205	17	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9251	205	18	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	205	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	205	20	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	205	21	provided	provide	VERB
easat-9251	205	22	robustness	robustness	NOUN
easat-9251	205	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	205	24	poor	poor	ADJ
easat-9251	205	25	visibility	visibility	NOUN
easat-9251	205	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	205	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	205	28	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	205	29	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-9251	205	30	contributed	contribute	VERB
easat-9251	205	31	detailed	detailed	ADJ
easat-9251	205	32	texture	texture	NOUN
easat-9251	205	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	205	34	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-9251	205	35	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	205	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	206	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	206	2	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	206	3	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	206	4	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	206	5	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	206	6	recorded	record	VERB
easat-9251	206	7	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	206	8	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	206	9	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	206	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	206	11	76.5	76.5	NUM
easat-9251	206	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	206	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	206	14	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	206	15	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	206	16	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	206	17	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-9251	206	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	206	19	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9251	206	20	rich	rich	ADJ
easat-9251	206	21	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-9251	206	22	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	206	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	206	24	especially	especially	ADV
easat-9251	206	25	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	206	26	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	206	27	classification	classification	NOUN
easat-9251	206	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	207	1	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	207	2	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	207	3	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	207	4	78.4	78.4	NUM
easat-9251	207	5	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	207	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	207	7	lidar	lidar	VERB
easat-9251	207	8	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	207	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	207	10	83.2	83.2	NUM
easat-9251	207	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	207	12	scored	score	VERB
easat-9251	207	13	moderately	moderately	ADV
easat-9251	207	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	207	15	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-9251	207	16	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	207	17	each	each	DET
easat-9251	207	18	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	207	19	independently	independently	ADV
easat-9251	207	20	could	could	AUX
easat-9251	207	21	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	207	22	partially	partially	ADV
easat-9251	207	23	capture	capture	VERB
easat-9251	207	24	the	the	DET
easat-9251	207	25	complexities	complexity	NOUN
easat-9251	207	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	207	27	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	207	28	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	207	29	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	207	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-9251	208	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	208	4	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-9251	208	5	5.4	5.4	NUM
easat-9251	208	6	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-9251	208	7	0.9	0.9	NUM
easat-9251	208	8	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	208	9	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	208	10	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	208	11	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	208	12	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	208	13	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	208	14	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	208	15	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	208	16	0.5	0.5	NUM
easat-9251	208	17	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	208	18	1.5	1.5	NUM
easat-9251	208	19	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	208	20	2.5	2.5	NUM
easat-9251	208	21	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	208	22	3.5	3.5	NUM
easat-9251	208	23	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	208	24	4.5	4.5	NUM
easat-9251	208	25	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-9251	208	26	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-9251	208	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	28	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	208	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	30	192	192	NUM
easat-9251	208	31	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	208	32	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	208	33	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	208	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	208	35	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	208	36	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	208	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	38	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	208	39	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	208	40	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	208	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	208	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	208	43	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	208	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	45	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	208	46	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	208	47	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	208	48	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	208	49	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	208	50	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	208	51	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	208	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	53	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	208	54	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	208	55	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	56	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	208	57	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	58	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	208	59	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	208	60	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	208	61	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	208	62	the	the	DET
easat-9251	208	63	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	208	64	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	65	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	208	66	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	208	67	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	208	68	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
easat-9251	208	69	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	208	70	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	208	71	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	208	72	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	208	73	recognized	recognize	VERB
easat-9251	208	74	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	208	75	the	the	DET
easat-9251	208	76	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	208	77	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	208	78	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	208	79	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	208	80	compensated	compensate	VERB
easat-9251	208	81	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	208	82	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-9251	208	83	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	208	84	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
easat-9251	208	85	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	208	86	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	208	87	the	the	DET
easat-9251	208	88	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	208	89	's	's	PART
easat-9251	208	90	holistic	holistic	ADJ
easat-9251	208	91	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	208	92	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9251	208	93	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	209	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	209	2	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	209	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	210	1	score	score	VERB
easat-9251	210	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	210	3	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	210	4	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	210	5	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	210	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	211	1	4.7	4.7	NUM
easat-9251	211	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	212	1	covering	covering	NOUN
easat-9251	212	2	arrays	array	NOUN
easat-9251	212	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	212	4	simulated	simulate	VERB
easat-9251	212	5	annealing	annealing	NOUN
easat-9251	212	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	212	7	ca+sa	ca+sa	PROPN
easat-9251	212	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	212	9	our	our	PRON
easat-9251	212	10	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	212	11	uses	use	VERB
easat-9251	212	12	simulated	simulate	VERB
easat-9251	212	13	annealing	anneal	VERB
easat-9251	212	14	to	to	PART
easat-9251	212	15	search	search	VERB
easat-9251	212	16	over	over	ADP
easat-9251	212	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	212	18	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9251	212	19	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-9251	212	20	wd	wd	PROPN
easat-9251	212	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	212	22	combines	combine	VERB
easat-9251	212	23	covering	covering	NOUN
easat-9251	212	24	arrays	array	NOUN
easat-9251	212	25	to	to	PART
easat-9251	212	26	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-9251	212	27	the	the	DET
easat-9251	212	28	discrete	discrete	ADJ
easat-9251	212	29	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-9251	212	30	vd	vd	NOUN
easat-9251	212	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	213	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	213	2	ca+sa	ca+sa	PROPN
easat-9251	213	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	213	4	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	213	5	the	the	DET
easat-9251	213	6	same	same	ADJ
easat-9251	213	7	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	213	8	the	the	DET
easat-9251	213	9	ca+ur	ca+ur	DET
easat-9251	213	10	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	213	11	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	213	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	213	13	exception	exception	NOUN
easat-9251	213	14	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	213	15	a	a	DET
easat-9251	213	16	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-9251	213	17	function	function	NOUN
easat-9251	213	18	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	213	19	utilized	utilize	VERB
easat-9251	213	20	to	to	PART
easat-9251	213	21	direct	direct	VERB
easat-9251	213	22	a	a	DET
easat-9251	213	23	search	search	NOUN
easat-9251	213	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	213	25	the	the	DET
easat-9251	213	26	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9251	213	27	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-9251	213	28	rather	rather	ADV
easat-9251	213	29	than	than	ADP
easat-9251	213	30	creating	create	VERB
easat-9251	213	31	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9251	213	32	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-9251	213	33	wdk	wdk	NOUN
easat-9251	213	34	offline	offline	NOUN
easat-9251	213	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	214	1	we	we	PRON
easat-9251	214	2	employ	employ	VERB
easat-9251	214	3	|[[φd]]d(tdj	|[[φd]]d(tdj	NOUN
easat-9251	214	4	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	214	5	|	|	ADV
easat-9251	214	6	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	214	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	214	8	cost	cost	NOUN
easat-9251	214	9	function	function	NOUN
easat-9251	214	10	to	to	PART
easat-9251	214	11	detect	detect	VERB
easat-9251	214	12	glancing	glancing	NOUN
easat-9251	214	13	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
easat-9251	214	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	215	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	215	2	test	test	NOUN
easat-9251	215	3	run	run	VERB
easat-9251	215	4	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	215	5	a	a	DET
easat-9251	215	6	non	non	ADJ
easat-9251	215	7	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	215	8	failing	failing	ADJ
easat-9251	215	9	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	215	10	nearly	nearly	ADV
easat-9251	215	11	failing	fail	VERB
easat-9251	215	12	covering	cover	VERB
easat-9251	215	13	array	array	NOUN
easat-9251	215	14	test	test	NOUN
easat-9251	215	15	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	215	16	shown	show	VERB
easat-9251	215	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	215	18	11a	11a	NOUN
easat-9251	215	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	216	1	even	even	ADV
easat-9251	216	2	though	though	SCONJ
easat-9251	216	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	216	4	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	216	5	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	216	6	had	have	VERB
easat-9251	216	7	some	some	DET
easat-9251	216	8	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9251	216	9	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-9251	216	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	216	11	white	white	ADJ
easat-9251	216	12	car	car	NOUN
easat-9251	216	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	216	14	front	front	NOUN
easat-9251	216	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	216	16	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	216	17	the	the	DET
easat-9251	216	18	ego	ego	ADJ
easat-9251	216	19	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	216	20	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	216	21	able	able	ADJ
easat-9251	216	22	to	to	PART
easat-9251	216	23	steer	steer	VERB
easat-9251	216	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	216	25	avoid	avoid	VERB
easat-9251	216	26	the	the	DET
easat-9251	216	27	collision	collision	NOUN
easat-9251	216	28	so	so	ADV
easat-9251	216	29	there	there	PRON
easat-9251	216	30	was	be	VERB
easat-9251	216	31	no	no	DET
easat-9251	216	32	collision	collision	NOUN
easat-9251	216	33	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	216	34	this	this	DET
easat-9251	216	35	instance	instance	NOUN
easat-9251	216	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	217	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9251	217	2	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-9251	217	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	217	4	discrete	discrete	ADJ
easat-9251	217	5	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-9251	217	6	we	we	PRON
easat-9251	217	7	can	can	AUX
easat-9251	217	8	use	use	VERB
easat-9251	217	9	simulated	simulated	ADJ
easat-9251	217	10	annealing	annealing	NOUN
easat-9251	217	11	over	over	ADP
easat-9251	217	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	217	13	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9251	217	14	parameters	parameter	NOUN
easat-9251	217	15	to	to	PART
easat-9251	217	16	look	look	VERB
easat-9251	217	17	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	217	18	collisions	collision	NOUN
easat-9251	217	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	217	20	discover	discover	VERB
easat-9251	217	21	behavior	behavior	NOUN
easat-9251	217	22	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-9251	217	23	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	217	24	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	217	25	shown	show	VERB
easat-9251	217	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	217	27	fig	fig	NOUN
easat-9251	217	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	218	1	11b	11b	NOUN
easat-9251	218	2	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9251	218	3	a	a	DET
easat-9251	218	4	rear	rear	ADJ
easat-9251	218	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	218	6	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	218	7	collision	collision	NOUN
easat-9251	218	8	results	result	NOUN
easat-9251	218	9	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	218	10	a	a	DET
easat-9251	218	11	false	false	ADJ
easat-9251	218	12	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-9251	218	13	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	218	14	the	the	DET
easat-9251	218	15	white	white	ADJ
easat-9251	218	16	car	car	NOUN
easat-9251	218	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	218	18	front	front	NOUN
easat-9251	218	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	219	1	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	220	1	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	220	2	20	20	NUM
easat-9251	220	3	30	30	NUM
easat-9251	220	4	40	40	NUM
easat-9251	220	5	50	50	NUM
easat-9251	220	6	60	60	NUM
easat-9251	220	7	70	70	NUM
easat-9251	220	8	80	80	NUM
easat-9251	220	9	90	90	NUM
easat-9251	220	10	100	100	NUM
easat-9251	220	11	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	220	12	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	220	13	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	220	14	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	220	15	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	220	16	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	220	17	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	220	18	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	220	19	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	220	20	78.4	78.4	NUM
easat-9251	220	21	83.2	83.2	NUM
easat-9251	220	22	76.5	76.5	NUM
easat-9251	220	23	97.3	97.3	NUM
easat-9251	220	24	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	220	25	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	220	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	27	0	0	NUM
easat-9251	220	28	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	220	29	100	100	NUM
easat-9251	220	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	31	193	193	NUM
easat-9251	220	32	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	220	33	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	220	34	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	220	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	220	36	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	220	37	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	220	38	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	39	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	220	40	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	220	41	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	220	42	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	220	43	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	220	44	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	220	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	46	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	220	47	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	220	48	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	220	49	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	220	50	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	220	51	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	220	52	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	220	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	54	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	220	55	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	220	56	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	57	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	220	58	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	220	59	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	221	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	221	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	221	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	221	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	221	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	221	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	221	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	221	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	221	9	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9251	221	10	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9251	221	11	11	11	NUM
easat-9251	221	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	222	1	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	222	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	222	3	ordered	order	VERB
easat-9251	222	4	images	image	NOUN
easat-9251	222	5	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	222	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	222	7	a	a	X
easat-9251	222	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	222	9	a	a	DET
easat-9251	222	10	non	non	ADJ
easat-9251	222	11	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	222	12	failing	failing	ADJ
easat-9251	222	13	test	test	NOUN
easat-9251	222	14	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	222	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	222	16	covering	covering	NOUN
easat-9251	222	17	array	array	NOUN
easat-9251	222	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	222	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	222	20	b	b	X
easat-9251	222	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	222	22	a	a	DET
easat-9251	222	23	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-9251	222	24	detected	detect	VERB
easat-9251	222	25	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	222	26	falsification	falsification	NOUN
easat-9251	222	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	223	1	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	223	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	1	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	224	2	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	224	3	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9251	224	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	224	5	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	224	6	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	224	7	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9251	224	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	9	reported	report	VERB
easat-9251	224	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	224	11	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	224	12	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	224	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	14	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9251	224	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	224	16	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	224	17	chip	chip	NOUN
easat-9251	224	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	19	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	224	20	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	224	21	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
easat-9251	224	22	the	the	DET
easat-9251	224	23	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	224	24	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	224	25	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	224	26	at	at	ADP
easat-9251	224	27	0.49	0.49	NUM
easat-9251	224	28	j	j	PROPN
easat-9251	224	29	/	/	SYM
easat-9251	224	30	frame	frame	NOUN
easat-9251	224	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	32	the	the	DET
easat-9251	224	33	fastest	fast	ADJ
easat-9251	224	34	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	224	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	36	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	224	37	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	224	38	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	224	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	224	41	the	the	DET
easat-9251	224	42	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	224	43	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9251	224	44	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	224	45	at	at	ADP
easat-9251	224	46	98.7	98.7	NUM
easat-9251	224	47	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	224	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	225	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	225	2	outstanding	outstanding	ADJ
easat-9251	225	3	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	225	4	was	be	AUX
easat-9251	225	5	due	due	ADJ
easat-9251	225	6	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	225	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	225	8	spike	spike	NOUN
easat-9251	225	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	225	10	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	225	11	asynchronous	asynchronous	ADJ
easat-9251	225	12	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-9251	225	13	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-9251	225	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	225	15	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	225	16	hardware	hardware	NOUN
easat-9251	225	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	225	18	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	225	19	minimized	minimize	VERB
easat-9251	225	20	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ
easat-9251	225	21	computations	computation	NOUN
easat-9251	225	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	225	23	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9251	225	24	reduced	reduce	VERB
easat-9251	225	25	power	power	NOUN
easat-9251	225	26	draw	draw	NOUN
easat-9251	225	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	226	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-9251	226	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	226	5	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9251	226	6	cpu	cpu	NOUN
easat-9251	226	7	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-9251	226	8	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	226	9	recorded	record	VERB
easat-9251	226	10	the	the	DET
easat-9251	226	11	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	226	12	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	226	13	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	226	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	15	3.84	3.84	NUM
easat-9251	226	16	j	j	NOUN
easat-9251	226	17	/	/	SYM
easat-9251	226	18	frame	frame	NOUN
easat-9251	226	19	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	226	21	lower	low	ADJ
easat-9251	226	22	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9251	226	23	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	226	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	25	88.3	88.3	NUM
easat-9251	226	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	226	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	29	exposing	expose	VERB
easat-9251	226	30	the	the	DET
easat-9251	226	31	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	226	32	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	226	33	general	general	ADJ
easat-9251	226	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	35	purpose	purpose	NOUN
easat-9251	226	36	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-9251	226	37	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	226	38	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	226	39	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	226	40	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	226	41	ai	ai	NOUN
easat-9251	226	42	workloads	workload	NOUN
easat-9251	226	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	227	2	gpu	gpu	PROPN
easat-9251	227	3	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-9251	227	4	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	227	5	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	227	6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	227	7	a	a	DET
easat-9251	227	8	well	well	ADV
easat-9251	227	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	10	balanced	balanced	ADJ
easat-9251	227	11	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	227	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	227	14	lower	low	ADJ
easat-9251	227	15	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	227	16	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	227	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	18	2.13	2.13	NUM
easat-9251	227	19	j	j	NOUN
easat-9251	227	20	/	/	SYM
easat-9251	227	21	frame	frame	NOUN
easat-9251	227	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	227	24	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	227	25	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9251	227	26	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	227	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	28	95.6	95.6	NUM
easat-9251	227	29	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	227	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	32	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
easat-9251	227	33	at	at	ADP
easat-9251	227	34	a	a	DET
easat-9251	227	35	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9251	227	36	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	227	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	38	43.5	43.5	NUM
easat-9251	227	39	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	227	40	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	227	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	1	conclusively	conclusively	ADV
easat-9251	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	228	4	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	228	5	chip	chip	NOUN
easat-9251	228	6	stood	stand	VERB
easat-9251	228	7	out	out	ADP
easat-9251	228	8	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	228	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	228	10	best	well	ADV
easat-9251	228	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	12	performing	perform	VERB
easat-9251	228	13	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	228	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	15	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	228	16	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	228	17	not	not	PART
easat-9251	228	18	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	228	19	minimized	minimize	VERB
easat-9251	228	20	power	power	NOUN
easat-9251	228	21	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	228	22	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	228	23	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	228	24	ensured	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	228	25	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	228	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	27	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	228	28	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
easat-9251	228	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	228	30	high	high	ADJ
easat-9251	228	31	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	228	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	33	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	228	34	it	it	PRON
easat-9251	228	35	the	the	DET
easat-9251	228	36	ideal	ideal	ADJ
easat-9251	228	37	solution	solution	NOUN
easat-9251	228	38	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	228	39	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	228	40	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	41	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-9251	228	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	43	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	228	44	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	228	45	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	228	46	embedded	embed	VERB
easat-9251	228	47	ai	ai	PROPN
easat-9251	228	48	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	228	49	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	229	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9251	229	2	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	229	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	230	1	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	230	2	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	230	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	230	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	1	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	231	2	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	231	3	consumption	consumption	NOUN
easat-9251	231	4	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	5	j	j	NOUN
easat-9251	231	6	/	/	SYM
easat-9251	231	7	frame	frame	NOUN
easat-9251	231	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	9	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	231	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	11	ms	ms	NOUN
easat-9251	231	12	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	13	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9251	231	14	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	231	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	16	%	%	INTJ
easat-9251	231	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9251	231	19	cpu	cpu	NOUN
easat-9251	231	20	processing	process	VERB
easat-9251	231	21	3.84	3.84	NUM
easat-9251	231	22	15.7	15.7	NUM
easat-9251	231	23	88.3	88.3	NUM
easat-9251	231	24	gpu	gpu	NOUN
easat-9251	231	25	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-9251	231	26	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	231	27	2.13	2.13	NUM
easat-9251	231	28	43.5	43.5	NUM
easat-9251	231	29	95.6	95.6	NUM
easat-9251	231	30	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	231	31	chip	chip	NOUN
easat-9251	231	32	0.49	0.49	NUM
easat-9251	231	33	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	231	34	98.7	98.7	NUM
easat-9251	231	35	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	231	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	37	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9251	231	38	the	the	DET
easat-9251	231	39	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9251	231	40	complexity	complexity	NOUN
easat-9251	231	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	231	42	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	231	43	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9251	231	44	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	231	45	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	231	46	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	231	47	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	48	avs	avs	PROPN
easat-9251	231	49	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	50	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	231	51	the	the	DET
easat-9251	231	52	necessity	necessity	NOUN
easat-9251	231	53	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	231	54	robust	robust	ADJ
easat-9251	231	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	56	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	231	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	58	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	231	59	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-9251	231	60	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	231	61	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	231	62	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	231	63	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	231	64	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	232	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	232	2	this	this	DET
easat-9251	232	3	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	232	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	232	5	we	we	PRON
easat-9251	232	6	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-9251	232	7	addressed	address	VERB
easat-9251	232	8	these	these	DET
easat-9251	232	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9251	232	10	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	232	11	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	232	12	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-9251	232	13	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	232	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	232	15	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	232	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	232	17	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	232	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	232	19	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	232	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	232	21	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	232	22	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	232	23	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	232	24	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	232	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	232	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	232	27	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	232	28	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	232	29	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	232	30	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9251	232	31	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	232	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	232	33	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	232	34	operation	operation	NOUN
easat-9251	232	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	233	1	our	our	PRON
easat-9251	233	2	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	233	3	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	233	4	not	not	PART
easat-9251	233	5	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	233	6	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	233	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	233	8	avs	avs	NOUN
easat-9251	233	9	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9251	233	10	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9251	233	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	233	12	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	233	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	233	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	233	15	reaction	reaction	NOUN
easat-9251	233	16	capabilities	capability	NOUN
easat-9251	233	17	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9251	233	18	194	194	NUM
easat-9251	233	19	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	233	20	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	233	21	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	233	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	233	23	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	233	24	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	233	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	233	26	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	233	27	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	233	28	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	233	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	233	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	234	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	234	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	234	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	234	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	234	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	234	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	234	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	234	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	234	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	234	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	234	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	234	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	234	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	234	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	234	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	235	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	235	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	235	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	235	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	235	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	235	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	235	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	235	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	235	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	235	10	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	235	11	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	235	12	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9251	235	13	improvements	improvement	NOUN
easat-9251	235	14	over	over	ADP
easat-9251	235	15	conventional	conventional	ADJ
easat-9251	235	16	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	235	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	235	18	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	235	19	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	235	20	across	across	ADP
easat-9251	235	21	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-9251	235	22	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	235	23	metrics	metric	NOUN
easat-9251	235	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	1	a	a	X
easat-9251	236	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	236	4	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	236	5	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	236	6	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	236	7	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-9251	236	8	showed	show	VERB
easat-9251	236	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	236	10	superiority	superiority	NOUN
easat-9251	236	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	236	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	236	13	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	236	14	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	236	15	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	236	16	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	236	17	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	236	18	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	236	19	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	236	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	21	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	236	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	23	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	236	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	25	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	236	26	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	236	27	a	a	DET
easat-9251	236	28	precision	precision	NOUN
easat-9251	236	29	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	236	30	98.5	98.5	NUM
easat-9251	236	31	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	236	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	33	recall	recall	NOUN
easat-9251	236	34	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	236	35	97.2	97.2	NUM
easat-9251	236	36	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	236	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	236	39	an	an	DET
easat-9251	236	40	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	236	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	236	42	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	236	43	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	236	44	97.8	97.8	NUM
easat-9251	236	45	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	236	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	1	b	b	X
easat-9251	237	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	237	4	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	237	5	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	237	6	task	task	NOUN
easat-9251	237	7	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	237	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	237	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	237	10	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	237	11	+	+	CCONJ
easat-9251	237	12	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	237	13	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	237	14	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	237	15	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	237	16	the	the	DET
easat-9251	237	17	best	good	ADJ
easat-9251	237	18	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	237	19	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	237	20	a	a	DET
easat-9251	237	21	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-9251	237	22	absolute	absolute	ADJ
easat-9251	237	23	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	237	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	25	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	237	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	237	28	0.27	0.27	NUM
easat-9251	237	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	30	root	root	NOUN
easat-9251	237	31	mean	mean	VERB
easat-9251	237	32	squared	square	VERB
easat-9251	237	33	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	237	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	35	rmse	rmse	NOUN
easat-9251	237	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	37	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	237	38	0.31	0.31	NUM
easat-9251	237	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	237	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	237	41	an	an	DET
easat-9251	237	42	impressive	impressive	ADJ
easat-9251	237	43	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	237	44	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	237	45	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	237	46	95.1	95.1	NUM
easat-9251	237	47	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	237	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	238	1	c	c	X
easat-9251	238	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	238	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	238	4	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	238	5	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	238	6	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	238	7	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	238	8	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	238	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	238	10	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9251	238	11	advantage	advantage	NOUN
easat-9251	238	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	238	13	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	238	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	238	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	238	16	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	238	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	238	18	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	238	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	238	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	238	21	the	the	DET
easat-9251	238	22	rl	rl	NOUN
easat-9251	238	23	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	238	24	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	238	25	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	238	26	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	238	27	a	a	DET
easat-9251	238	28	maximum	maximum	ADJ
easat-9251	238	29	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	238	30	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	238	31	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	238	32	98.2	98.2	NUM
easat-9251	238	33	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	238	34	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	238	35	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	238	36	merging	merge	VERB
easat-9251	238	37	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	238	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	239	1	d	d	X
easat-9251	239	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	239	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	239	4	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	239	5	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9251	239	6	showcased	showcase	VERB
easat-9251	239	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	239	8	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	239	9	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	239	10	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9251	239	11	the	the	DET
easat-9251	239	12	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	239	13	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-9251	239	14	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	239	15	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	239	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	239	17	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	239	18	milliseconds	millisecond	NOUN
easat-9251	239	19	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	239	20	a	a	DET
easat-9251	239	21	minimal	minimal	ADJ
easat-9251	239	22	standard	standard	ADJ
easat-9251	239	23	deviation	deviation	NOUN
easat-9251	239	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	239	25	0.9	0.9	NUM
easat-9251	239	26	ms	ms	PROPN
easat-9251	239	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	240	1	these	these	DET
easat-9251	240	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-9251	240	3	underline	underline	VERB
easat-9251	240	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	240	5	future	future	ADJ
easat-9251	240	6	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9251	240	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	240	8	brain	brain	NOUN
easat-9251	240	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	240	10	inspired	inspire	VERB
easat-9251	240	11	architectures	architecture	NOUN
easat-9251	240	12	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	240	13	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	240	14	ultra	ultra	ADJ
easat-9251	240	15	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	240	16	low	low	ADJ
easat-9251	240	17	latency	latency	NOUN
easat-9251	240	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	240	19	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	240	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	240	21	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9251	240	22	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-9251	240	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	240	24	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	240	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	240	26	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	240	27	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	240	28	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	240	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	241	1	e	e	X
easat-9251	241	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	241	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	241	4	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9251	241	5	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	241	6	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9251	241	7	concluded	conclude	VERB
easat-9251	241	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	241	9	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	241	10	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	241	11	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	241	12	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	241	13	the	the	DET
easat-9251	241	14	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	241	15	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9251	241	16	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	241	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	241	18	97.3	97.3	NUM
easat-9251	241	19	out	out	ADP
easat-9251	241	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	241	21	100	100	NUM
easat-9251	241	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	242	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	242	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	242	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	242	4	benefit	benefit	NOUN
easat-9251	242	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	242	6	combining	combine	VERB
easat-9251	242	7	complementary	complementary	ADJ
easat-9251	242	8	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	242	9	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-9251	242	10	to	to	PART
easat-9251	242	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	242	12	the	the	DET
easat-9251	242	13	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	242	14	’s	’s	PART
easat-9251	242	15	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	242	16	to	to	PART
easat-9251	242	17	accurately	accurately	ADV
easat-9251	242	18	perceive	perceive	VERB
easat-9251	242	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	242	20	interpret	interpret	VERB
easat-9251	242	21	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	242	22	surroundings	surrounding	NOUN
easat-9251	242	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	242	24	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9251	242	25	improved	improved	ADJ
easat-9251	242	26	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	242	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	242	28	situational	situational	ADJ
easat-9251	242	29	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9251	242	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	243	1	the	the	DET
easat-9251	243	2	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9251	243	3	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	243	4	open	open	VERB
easat-9251	243	5	new	new	ADJ
easat-9251	243	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	243	7	avenues	avenue	NOUN
easat-9251	243	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	243	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	243	10	development	development	NOUN
easat-9251	243	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	243	12	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-9251	243	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	243	14	scalable	scalable	ADJ
easat-9251	243	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	243	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	243	17	self	self	NOUN
easat-9251	243	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	243	19	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	243	20	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	243	21	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	243	22	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	243	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	244	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-9251	244	2	work	work	NOUN
easat-9251	244	3	can	can	AUX
easat-9251	244	4	focus	focus	VERB
easat-9251	244	5	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	244	6	extending	extend	VERB
easat-9251	244	7	these	these	DET
easat-9251	244	8	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	244	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	244	10	realworld	realworld	PROPN
easat-9251	244	11	testing	testing	PROPN
easat-9251	244	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	244	13	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9251	244	14	federated	federated	ADJ
easat-9251	244	15	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	244	16	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	244	17	decentralized	decentralized	ADJ
easat-9251	244	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9251	244	19	sharing	sharing	NOUN
easat-9251	244	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	244	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	244	22	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	244	23	quantum	quantum	NOUN
easat-9251	244	24	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	244	25	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	244	26	to	to	PART
easat-9251	244	27	tackle	tackle	VERB
easat-9251	244	28	more	more	ADV
easat-9251	244	29	computationally	computationally	ADV
easat-9251	244	30	intensive	intensive	ADJ
easat-9251	244	31	av	av	NOUN
easat-9251	244	32	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	244	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	1	abbreviation	abbreviation	NOUN
easat-9251	245	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	3	ai	ai	VERB
easat-9251	245	4	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	245	5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	245	6	av	av	PROPN
easat-9251	245	7	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	245	8	vehicle	vehicle	PROPN
easat-9251	245	9	automl	automl	PROPN
easat-9251	245	10	automated	automate	VERB
easat-9251	245	11	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	245	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	245	13	cnn	cnn	PROPN
easat-9251	245	14	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-9251	245	15	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	245	16	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	245	17	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	245	18	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	245	19	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	245	20	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	245	21	gps	gps	PROPN
easat-9251	245	22	global	global	ADJ
easat-9251	245	23	positioning	positioning	NOUN
easat-9251	245	24	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	245	25	imu	imu	NOUN
easat-9251	245	26	inertial	inertial	PROPN
easat-9251	245	27	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-9251	245	28	unit	unit	NOUN
easat-9251	245	29	iot	iot	PROPN
easat-9251	245	30	internet	internet	NOUN
easat-9251	245	31	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	245	32	things	thing	NOUN
easat-9251	245	33	kitti	kitti	PROPN
easat-9251	245	34	karlsruhe	karlsruhe	PROPN
easat-9251	245	35	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-9251	245	36	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	245	37	technology	technology	PROPN
easat-9251	245	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	245	39	toyota	toyota	PROPN
easat-9251	245	40	technological	technological	PROPN
easat-9251	245	41	institute	institute	PROPN
easat-9251	245	42	vision	vision	PROPN
easat-9251	245	43	benchmark	benchmark	PROPN
easat-9251	245	44	suite	suite	PROPN
easat-9251	245	45	lif	lif	PROPN
easat-9251	245	46	leaky	leaky	ADV
easat-9251	245	47	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9251	245	48	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	245	50	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	51	fire	fire	NOUN
easat-9251	245	52	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	245	53	light	light	NOUN
easat-9251	245	54	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	245	55	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	245	56	ranging	range	VERB
easat-9251	245	57	llm	llm	PROPN
easat-9251	245	58	large	large	ADJ
easat-9251	245	59	language	language	NOUN
easat-9251	245	60	model	model	NOUN
easat-9251	245	61	lstm	lstm	PROPN
easat-9251	245	62	long	long	ADJ
easat-9251	245	63	short	short	ADJ
easat-9251	245	64	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	65	term	term	NOUN
easat-9251	245	66	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-9251	245	67	mae	mae	PROPN
easat-9251	245	68	mean	mean	PROPN
easat-9251	245	69	absolute	absolute	ADJ
easat-9251	245	70	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	245	71	msf	msf	NOUN
easat-9251	245	72	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	245	73	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	245	74	sensor	sensor	ADJ
easat-9251	245	75	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	245	76	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	77	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	245	78	used	use	VERB
easat-9251	245	79	as	as	ADP
easat-9251	245	80	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	245	81	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	245	82	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	245	83	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	84	qos	qos	NOUN
easat-9251	245	85	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9251	245	86	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	245	87	service	service	NOUN
easat-9251	245	88	ram	ram	NOUN
easat-9251	245	89	random	random	ADJ
easat-9251	245	90	access	access	NOUN
easat-9251	245	91	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-9251	245	92	rcnn	rcnn	PROPN
easat-9251	245	93	region	region	NOUN
easat-9251	245	94	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	95	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	245	96	convolutional	convolutional	ADJ
easat-9251	245	97	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	245	98	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	245	99	rl	rl	ADP
easat-9251	245	100	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	245	101	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	245	102	rmse	rmse	PROPN
easat-9251	245	103	root	root	NOUN
easat-9251	245	104	mean	mean	VERB
easat-9251	245	105	squared	square	VERB
easat-9251	245	106	error	error	NOUN
easat-9251	245	107	snn	snn	PROPN
easat-9251	245	108	spiking	spike	VERB
easat-9251	245	109	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	245	110	network	network	NOUN
easat-9251	245	111	stl	stl	PROPN
easat-9251	245	112	signal	signal	NOUN
easat-9251	245	113	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-9251	245	114	logic	logic	NOUN
easat-9251	245	115	ur	ur	INTJ
easat-9251	245	116	uniform	uniform	ADJ
easat-9251	245	117	random	random	ADJ
easat-9251	245	118	yolo	yolo	ADV
easat-9251	245	119	you	you	PRON
easat-9251	245	120	only	only	ADV
easat-9251	245	121	look	look	VERB
easat-9251	245	122	once	once	ADV
easat-9251	245	123	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	124	object	object	VERB
easat-9251	245	125	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	245	126	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	245	127	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	128	195	195	NUM
easat-9251	245	129	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	245	130	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	245	131	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	245	132	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	245	133	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	245	134	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	245	135	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	245	136	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	245	137	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	245	138	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	245	139	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	245	140	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	246	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	246	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	246	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	246	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	246	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	246	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	246	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	246	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	246	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	246	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	246	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	246	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	246	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	246	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	246	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	246	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	247	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	247	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	247	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	247	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	247	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	247	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	247	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	247	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	247	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	247	10	article	article	PROPN
easat-9251	247	11	highlights	highlight	NOUN
easat-9251	247	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	248	1	1	1	X
easat-9251	248	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	248	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	248	4	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9251	248	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	248	6	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	248	7	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	248	8	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	248	9	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	248	10	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	248	11	neural	neural	ADJ
easat-9251	248	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	248	13	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9251	248	14	improved	improve	VERB
easat-9251	248	15	object	object	NOUN
easat-9251	248	16	detection	detection	NOUN
easat-9251	248	17	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	248	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	248	19	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	248	20	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	248	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	248	22	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	248	23	an	an	DET
easat-9251	248	24	f1	f1	NOUN
easat-9251	248	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	248	26	score	score	NOUN
easat-9251	248	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	248	28	97.8	97.8	NUM
easat-9251	248	29	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	248	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	248	31	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	248	32	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9251	248	33	combining	combine	VERB
easat-9251	248	34	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	248	35	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	248	36	lidar	lidar	NOUN
easat-9251	248	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	248	38	radar	radar	NOUN
easat-9251	248	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	248	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	248	41	camera	camera	NOUN
easat-9251	248	42	inputs	input	NOUN
easat-9251	248	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	1	2	2	X
easat-9251	249	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	249	3	long	long	ADJ
easat-9251	249	4	short	short	ADJ
easat-9251	249	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	6	term	term	NOUN
easat-9251	249	7	memory	memory	NOUN
easat-9251	249	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	9	lstm	lstm	NOUN
easat-9251	249	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	11	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	249	12	combined	combine	VERB
easat-9251	249	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	249	14	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	249	15	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	249	16	techniques	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	249	17	delivered	deliver	VERB
easat-9251	249	18	the	the	DET
easat-9251	249	19	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	249	20	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	249	21	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	249	22	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
easat-9251	249	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	24	95.1	95.1	NUM
easat-9251	249	25	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	249	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	249	28	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9251	249	29	superior	superior	ADJ
easat-9251	249	30	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9251	249	31	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	249	32	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	249	33	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-9251	249	34	dependencies	dependency	NOUN
easat-9251	249	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	249	36	handling	handle	VERB
easat-9251	249	37	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9251	249	38	road	road	NOUN
easat-9251	249	39	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	249	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	250	1	3	3	X
easat-9251	250	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	250	3	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	250	4	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	250	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	250	6	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	250	7	navigation	navigation	NOUN
easat-9251	250	8	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	250	9	outperformed	outperform	VERB
easat-9251	250	10	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9251	250	11	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9251	250	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	250	13	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	250	14	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	250	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	250	16	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	250	17	a	a	DET
easat-9251	250	18	success	success	NOUN
easat-9251	250	19	rate	rate	NOUN
easat-9251	250	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	250	21	98.2	98.2	NUM
easat-9251	250	22	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	250	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	250	24	highway	highway	NOUN
easat-9251	250	25	merging	merge	VERB
easat-9251	250	26	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9251	250	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	250	28	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-9251	250	29	their	their	PRON
easat-9251	250	30	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9251	250	31	to	to	PART
easat-9251	250	32	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9251	250	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	250	34	make	make	VERB
easat-9251	250	35	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-9251	250	36	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	250	37	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	250	38	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9251	250	39	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9251	250	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	1	4	4	X
easat-9251	251	2	.	.	X
easat-9251	251	3	neuromorphic	neuromorphic	ADJ
easat-9251	251	4	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	251	5	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9251	251	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	251	7	lowest	low	ADJ
easat-9251	251	8	mean	mean	ADJ
easat-9251	251	9	inference	inference	NOUN
easat-9251	251	10	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	251	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	251	12	4.8	4.8	NUM
easat-9251	251	13	milliseconds	millisecond	NOUN
easat-9251	251	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	251	15	the	the	DET
easat-9251	251	16	highest	high	ADJ
easat-9251	251	17	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9251	251	18	stability	stability	NOUN
easat-9251	251	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	20	98.7	98.7	NUM
easat-9251	251	21	%	%	NOUN
easat-9251	251	22	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	24	showcasing	showcase	VERB
easat-9251	251	25	its	its	PRON
easat-9251	251	26	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9251	251	27	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	251	28	ultra	ultra	ADJ
easat-9251	251	29	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	251	30	fast	fast	ADJ
easat-9251	251	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	32	energy	energy	NOUN
easat-9251	251	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	34	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9251	251	35	processing	processing	NOUN
easat-9251	251	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	251	37	real	real	ADJ
easat-9251	251	38	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	251	39	time	time	NOUN
easat-9251	251	40	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	251	41	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	251	42	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9251	251	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	252	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-9251	252	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	252	3	the	the	DET
easat-9251	252	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	252	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-9251	252	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	252	7	the	the	DET
easat-9251	252	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-9251	252	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	252	10	an	an	DET
easat-9251	252	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-9251	252	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	252	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-9251	252	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	252	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	252	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-9251	252	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-9251	252	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	252	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	252	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	252	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	252	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	252	23	no	no	DET
easat-9251	252	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-9251	252	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-9251	252	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	252	27	the	the	DET
easat-9251	252	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	252	29	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	252	30	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	252	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-9251	252	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9251	252	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	252	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9251	252	35	any	any	DET
easat-9251	252	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-9251	252	37	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	252	38	the	the	DET
easat-9251	252	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	252	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	252	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-9251	252	42	have	have	AUX
easat-9251	252	43	been	be	AUX
easat-9251	252	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-9251	252	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	253	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	253	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9251	253	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-9251	253	4	all	all	DET
easat-9251	253	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-9251	253	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9251	253	7	during	during	ADP
easat-9251	253	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-9251	253	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	254	1	acknowledgment	acknowledgment	NOUN
easat-9251	254	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	255	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9251	255	2	would	would	AUX
easat-9251	255	3	like	like	VERB
easat-9251	255	4	to	to	PART
easat-9251	255	5	express	express	VERB
easat-9251	255	6	my	my	PRON
easat-9251	255	7	sincere	sincere	ADJ
easat-9251	255	8	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN
easat-9251	255	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	255	10	my	my	PRON
easat-9251	255	11	co	co	NOUN
easat-9251	255	12	-	-	NOUN
easat-9251	255	13	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	255	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	255	15	this	this	DET
easat-9251	255	16	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	255	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	256	1	special	special	ADJ
easat-9251	256	2	thanks	thank	NOUN
easat-9251	256	3	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	256	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	256	5	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-9251	256	6	that	that	PRON
easat-9251	256	7	made	make	VERB
easat-9251	256	8	this	this	DET
easat-9251	256	9	work	work	NOUN
easat-9251	256	10	possible	possible	ADJ
easat-9251	256	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	257	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9251	257	2	also	also	ADV
easat-9251	257	3	appreciate	appreciate	VERB
easat-9251	257	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	257	5	constructive	constructive	ADJ
easat-9251	257	6	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9251	257	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	257	8	insightful	insightful	ADJ
easat-9251	257	9	comments	comment	NOUN
easat-9251	257	10	from	from	ADP
easat-9251	257	11	my	my	PRON
easat-9251	257	12	co	co	NOUN
easat-9251	257	13	-	-	NOUN
easat-9251	257	14	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	257	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	257	16	which	which	PRON
easat-9251	257	17	greatly	greatly	ADV
easat-9251	257	18	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	257	19	the	the	DET
easat-9251	257	20	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9251	257	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	257	22	this	this	DET
easat-9251	257	23	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-9251	257	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	258	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-9251	258	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	258	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-9251	258	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	258	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	258	6	the	the	DET
easat-9251	258	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9251	258	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	259	1	this	this	DET
easat-9251	259	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-9251	259	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	259	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-9251	259	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-9251	259	6	is	be	AUX
easat-9251	259	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-9251	259	8	under	under	ADP
easat-9251	259	9	the	the	DET
easat-9251	259	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-9251	259	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	259	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9251	259	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	259	14	the	the	DET
easat-9251	259	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9251	259	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-9251	259	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-9251	259	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	259	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-9251	259	20	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	259	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	259	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-9251	259	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	259	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-9251	259	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	259	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-9251	260	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	260	3	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	260	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	5	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	6	shi	shi	PROPN
easat-9251	260	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	8	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	9	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	10	wong	wong	PROPN
easat-9251	260	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	12	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	13	chai	chai	NOUN
easat-9251	260	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	260	16	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	17	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	18	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-9251	260	19	li	li	PROPN
easat-9251	260	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	22	an	an	DET
easat-9251	260	23	automated	automate	VERB
easat-9251	260	24	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	260	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	260	26	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	27	automl	automl	NOUN
easat-9251	260	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	29	method	method	NOUN
easat-9251	260	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	260	31	risk	risk	NOUN
easat-9251	260	32	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	260	33	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	260	34	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	260	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	36	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	260	37	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	260	38	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	260	39	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	260	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	41	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	42	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	260	43	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-9251	260	44	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	260	45	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-9251	260	46	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	260	47	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	260	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	260	49	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	260	50	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	261	1	22	22	NUM
easat-9251	261	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	261	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	261	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	261	5	11	11	NUM
easat-9251	261	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	261	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	261	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	262	1	7145	7145	NUM
easat-9251	262	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	262	3	7154	7154	NUM
easat-9251	262	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	262	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-9251	262	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	263	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3002419	https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3002419	PROPN
easat-9251	264	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	264	2	2	2	X
easat-9251	264	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	4	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9251	264	5	pang	pang	PROPN
easat-9251	264	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-9251	264	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-9251	264	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	264	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	11	a	a	DET
easat-9251	264	12	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-9251	264	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	264	14	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	264	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	16	making	make	VERB
easat-9251	264	17	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	264	18	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9251	264	19	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9251	264	20	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	264	21	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	264	22	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	264	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	25	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	264	26	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-9251	264	27	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	264	28	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	264	29	magazine	magazine	NOUN
easat-9251	264	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	264	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	264	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	265	1	16	16	NUM
easat-9251	265	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	265	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	265	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	265	5	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	265	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	265	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	265	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	266	1	74	74	NUM
easat-9251	266	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	266	3	103	103	NUM
easat-9251	266	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	266	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	266	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	267	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3292511	https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3292511	PROPN
easat-9251	268	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	268	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	268	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9251	268	5	thakur	thakur	PROPN
easat-9251	268	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	268	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	268	8	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9251	268	9	mishra	mishra	PROPN
easat-9251	268	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	12	an	an	DET
easat-9251	268	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	268	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	15	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9251	268	16	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9251	268	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	268	18	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	268	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	268	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	21	enabled	enable	VERB
easat-9251	268	22	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
easat-9251	268	23	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	268	24	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	268	25	detecting	detect	VERB
easat-9251	268	26	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9251	268	27	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	268	28	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	268	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	30	fused	fuse	VERB
easat-9251	268	31	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9251	268	32	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	268	33	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	268	34	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	268	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	37	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9251	268	38	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9251	268	39	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	268	40	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	268	41	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	268	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	43	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	268	44	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	268	45	133	133	NUM
easat-9251	268	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	47	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9251	268	48	108550	108550	NUM
easat-9251	268	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	268	50	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	268	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	269	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108550	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108550	PROPN
easat-9251	270	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	270	2	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	270	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9251	270	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	6	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	7	muzahid	muzahid	PROPN
easat-9251	270	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	9	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	270	10	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	11	rahim	rahim	PROPN
easat-9251	270	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	13	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	14	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	15	murad	murad	PROPN
easat-9251	270	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	17	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	18	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	19	kamarulzaman	kamarulzaman	PROPN
easat-9251	270	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	270	22	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	270	23	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	270	24	rahman	rahman	PROPN
easat-9251	270	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	26	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	27	optimal	optimal	ADJ
easat-9251	270	28	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	270	29	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	270	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	270	31	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9251	270	32	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	270	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	34	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	270	35	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	270	36	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-9251	270	37	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	270	38	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	270	39	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	40	a	a	DET
easat-9251	270	41	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9251	270	42	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	270	43	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	270	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	45	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	46	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	270	47	2021	2021	NUM
easat-9251	270	48	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-9251	270	49	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	270	50	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	270	51	computing	computing	NOUN
easat-9251	270	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	53	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9251	270	54	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	270	55	electronics	electronic	NOUN
easat-9251	270	56	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	57	etcce	etcce	NOUN
easat-9251	270	58	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	59	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	270	60	2021	2021	NUM
easat-9251	270	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	271	2	5	5	NUM
easat-9251	271	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	271	5	ganesan	ganesan	PROPN
easat-9251	271	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	271	8	kandhasamy	kandhasamy	PROPN
easat-9251	271	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	10	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-9251	271	11	chokkalingam	chokkalingam	PROPN
easat-9251	271	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	271	14	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9251	271	15	mihet	mihet	PROPN
easat-9251	271	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	17	popa	popa	NOUN
easat-9251	271	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	20	a	a	DET
easat-9251	271	21	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9251	271	22	review	review	NOUN
easat-9251	271	23	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	271	24	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	271	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	271	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	27	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	271	28	motion	motion	NOUN
easat-9251	271	29	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9251	271	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	271	31	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	271	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	33	to	to	ADP
easat-9251	271	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	35	end	end	NOUN
easat-9251	271	36	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	271	37	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	271	38	self	self	NOUN
easat-9251	271	39	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	40	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9251	271	41	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	271	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	43	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	44	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	271	45	access	access	NOUN
easat-9251	271	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	47	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	271	48	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	271	49	12	12	NUM
easat-9251	271	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	271	51	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	271	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	272	1	66031	66031	NUM
easat-9251	272	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	272	3	66067	66067	NUM
easat-9251	272	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	272	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	272	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394869	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394869	PROPN
easat-9251	273	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	273	3	6	6	NUM
easat-9251	273	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	5	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	6	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	7	elallid	elallid	PROPN
easat-9251	273	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	9	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	10	benamar	benamar	PROPN
easat-9251	273	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	12	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	13	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	14	hafid	hafid	PROPN
easat-9251	273	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	16	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	17	rachidi	rachidi	PROPN
easat-9251	273	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	273	20	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9251	273	21	mrani	mrani	PROPN
easat-9251	273	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	24	a	a	DET
easat-9251	273	25	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9251	273	26	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-9251	273	27	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	273	28	the	the	DET
easat-9251	273	29	application	application	NOUN
easat-9251	273	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	273	31	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	273	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	273	33	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
easat-9251	273	34	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	273	35	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	273	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	273	37	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	273	38	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	273	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	40	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	41	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9251	273	42	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	273	43	king	king	PROPN
easat-9251	273	44	saud	saud	PROPN
easat-9251	273	45	university	university	PROPN
easat-9251	273	46	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-9251	273	47	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	273	48	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	273	49	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-9251	273	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	273	51	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	273	52	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	274	1	34	34	NUM
easat-9251	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	274	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	274	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	274	5	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	274	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	274	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	274	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	275	1	7366	7366	NUM
easat-9251	275	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	275	3	7390	7390	NUM
easat-9251	275	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	275	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9251	275	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.013	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.013	VERB
easat-9251	276	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	276	3	7	7	NUM
easat-9251	276	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	5	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	6	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	7	butt	butt	PROPN
easat-9251	276	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	9	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	10	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	11	chattha	chattha	PROPN
easat-9251	276	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	13	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	14	ahmad	ahmad	PROPN
easat-9251	276	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	16	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	17	u.	u.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	18	zia	zia	PROPN
easat-9251	276	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	20	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	276	21	rizwan	rizwan	PROPN
easat-9251	276	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	276	24	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	25	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	26	naqvi	naqvi	PROPN
easat-9251	276	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	29	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	276	30	the	the	DET
easat-9251	276	31	integration	integration	NOUN
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easat-9251	276	33	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9251	276	34	wireless	wireless	NOUN
easat-9251	276	35	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	276	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	276	37	sensor	sensor	NOUN
easat-9251	276	38	fusion	fusion	NOUN
easat-9251	276	39	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	276	40	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	276	41	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	42	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	276	43	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-9251	276	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	276	45	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	276	46	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	276	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	48	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	49	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	276	50	access	access	NOUN
easat-9251	276	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	52	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	276	53	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	276	54	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	276	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	56	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	276	57	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	58	14643	14643	NUM
easat-9251	276	59	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	276	60	14668	14668	NUM
easat-9251	276	61	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	276	62	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9251	276	63	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	277	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3145972	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3145972	PROPN
easat-9251	278	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	278	2	8	8	X
easat-9251	278	3	]	]	X
easat-9251	278	4	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	278	5	feng	feng	PROPN
easat-9251	278	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-9251	278	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-9251	278	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	278	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	11	human	human	ADJ
easat-9251	278	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	13	centred	centre	VERB
easat-9251	278	14	design	design	NOUN
easat-9251	278	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	278	16	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	278	17	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	278	18	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	278	19	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-9251	278	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	278	21	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-9251	278	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	278	23	automated	automate	VERB
easat-9251	278	24	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	278	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	26	a	a	DET
easat-9251	278	27	system	system	NOUN
easat-9251	278	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	29	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	278	30	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	31	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	278	32	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-9251	278	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	34	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	35	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9251	278	36	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9251	278	37	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	278	38	ergonomics	ergonomic	NOUN
easat-9251	278	39	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	278	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	278	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	278	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	279	1	25	25	NUM
easat-9251	279	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	279	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	279	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	279	5	3	3	NUM
easat-9251	279	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	279	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	279	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	280	1	287315	287315	NUM
easat-9251	280	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	280	3	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	280	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	281	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2023.2182003	https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2023.2182003	X
easat-9251	281	2	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-9251	281	3	https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3002419	https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3002419	PROPN
easat-9251	281	4	https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3292511	https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2023.3292511	PROPN
easat-9251	281	5	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108550	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108550	PROPN
easat-9251	281	6	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394869	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394869	PROPN
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easat-9251	281	8	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3145972	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3145972	PROPN
easat-9251	281	9	https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2023.2182003	https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2023.2182003	NOUN
easat-9251	281	10	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	281	11	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9251	281	12	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9251	281	13	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	281	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	281	15	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	281	16	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9251	281	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	281	18	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9251	281	19	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	281	20	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9251	281	21	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	281	22	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	282	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	282	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	282	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	282	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	282	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	282	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9251	282	7	179	179	NUM
easat-9251	282	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	282	9	196	196	NUM
easat-9251	282	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	282	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9251	282	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9251	282	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	282	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9251	282	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	282	16	8484.v9i8.9251	8484.v9i8.9251	NUM
easat-9251	283	1	©	©	ADP
easat-9251	283	2	2025	2025	NUM
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easat-9251	283	4	the	the	DET
easat-9251	283	5	authors	author	NOUN
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easat-9251	283	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9251	283	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	283	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9251	284	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	284	2	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	284	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	284	5	chen	chen	PROPN
easat-9251	284	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	7	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	284	8	leng	leng	PROPN
easat-9251	284	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	284	11	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	284	12	labi	labi	PROPN
easat-9251	284	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	15	a	a	DET
easat-9251	284	16	deep	deep	ADJ
easat-9251	284	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	284	18	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	284	19	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	284	20	simulating	simulate	VERB
easat-9251	284	21	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	284	22	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	284	23	considering	consider	VERB
easat-9251	284	24	prior	prior	ADJ
easat-9251	284	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9251	284	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	284	27	temporal	temporal	ADJ
easat-9251	284	28	information	information	NOUN
easat-9251	284	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	31	computer	computer	NOUN
easat-9251	284	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	33	aided	aid	VERB
easat-9251	284	34	civil	civil	ADJ
easat-9251	284	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	284	36	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
easat-9251	284	37	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9251	284	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	39	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	284	40	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	284	41	35	35	NUM
easat-9251	284	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	43	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	284	44	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	284	45	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	284	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	284	47	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	284	48	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	285	1	305	305	NUM
easat-9251	285	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	285	3	321	321	NUM
easat-9251	285	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	285	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9251	285	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12495	https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12495	ADJ
easat-9251	286	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	286	3	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	286	4	]	]	X
easat-9251	286	5	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9251	286	6	du	du	PROPN
easat-9251	286	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	8	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	286	9	pan	pan	PROPN
easat-9251	286	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	11	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-9251	286	12	kawsar	kawsar	PROPN
easat-9251	286	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	14	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9251	286	15	li	li	PROPN
easat-9251	286	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	17	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9251	286	18	hou	hou	PROPN
easat-9251	286	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	286	21	a.	a.	NOUN
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easat-9251	286	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	25	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	286	26	traffic	traffic	NOUN
easat-9251	286	27	safety	safety	NOUN
easat-9251	286	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	286	29	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9251	286	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	286	31	an	an	DET
easat-9251	286	32	accelerated	accelerate	VERB
easat-9251	286	33	lc	lc	NOUN
easat-9251	286	34	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	286	35	via	via	ADP
easat-9251	286	36	dnn	dnn	PROPN
easat-9251	286	37	-	-	ADJ
easat-9251	286	38	apf	apf	PROPN
easat-9251	286	39	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-9251	286	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	41	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	42	measurement	measurement	NOUN
easat-9251	286	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	44	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	286	45	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	286	46	217	217	NUM
easat-9251	286	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	48	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9251	286	49	113029	113029	NUM
easat-9251	286	50	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	286	51	2023	2023	NUM
easat-9251	286	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113029	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113029	PROPN
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easat-9251	287	3	11	11	NUM
easat-9251	287	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	5	a.	a.	NOUN
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easat-9251	287	11	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9251	287	12	qadir	qadir	PROPN
easat-9251	287	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	287	15	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9251	287	16	al	al	PROPN
easat-9251	287	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	18	fuqaha	fuqaha	NOUN
easat-9251	287	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	21	securing	secure	VERB
easat-9251	287	22	connected	connected	ADJ
easat-9251	287	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9251	287	24	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	287	25	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	287	26	:	:	PUNCT
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easat-9251	287	28	posed	pose	VERB
easat-9251	287	29	by	by	ADP
easat-9251	287	30	adversarial	adversarial	ADJ
easat-9251	287	31	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	287	32	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	287	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	287	34	the	the	DET
easat-9251	287	35	way	way	NOUN
easat-9251	287	36	forward	forward	ADV
easat-9251	287	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	39	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	287	40	communications	communication	NOUN
easat-9251	287	41	surveys	survey	NOUN
easat-9251	287	42	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9251	287	43	tutorials	tutorial	NOUN
easat-9251	287	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	287	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	287	47	22	22	NUM
easat-9251	287	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	49	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	287	50	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	287	51	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	287	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	53	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	287	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	55	9981026	9981026	NUM
easat-9251	287	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	287	57	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9251	287	58	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	288	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2020.2975048	https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2020.2975048	PROPN
easat-9251	289	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	289	2	12	12	NUM
easat-9251	289	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	289	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9251	289	6	seelam	seelam	PROPN
easat-9251	289	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	8	s.	s.	PROPN
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easat-9251	289	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	11	v.	v.	PROPN
easat-9251	289	12	midasala	midasala	PROPN
easat-9251	289	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	289	15	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-9251	289	16	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	289	17	reddy	reddy	PROPN
easat-9251	289	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	19	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	20	iot	iot	ADJ
easat-9251	289	21	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-9251	289	22	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	289	23	protocol	protocol	NOUN
easat-9251	289	24	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	289	25	unmanned	unmanned	ADJ
easat-9251	289	26	ground	ground	NOUN
easat-9251	289	27	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	289	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	29	a	a	DET
easat-9251	289	30	comparative	comparative	ADJ
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easat-9251	289	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	34	in	in	ADP
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easat-9251	289	37	the	the	DET
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easat-9251	289	39	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-9251	289	40	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	289	41	iot	iot	PROPN
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easat-9251	289	43	control	control	NOUN
easat-9251	289	44	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	289	45	and	and	CCONJ
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easat-9251	289	47	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	289	48	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	49	icicnis	icicnis	PROPN
easat-9251	289	50	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	52	381–387	381–387	NUM
easat-9251	289	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	289	54	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	289	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	290	2	13	13	NUM
easat-9251	290	3	]	]	X
easat-9251	290	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9251	290	5	cui	cui	PROPN
easat-9251	290	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	7	y.	y.	PROPN
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easat-9251	290	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	10	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-9251	290	11	cao	cao	PROPN
easat-9251	290	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	13	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-9251	290	14	ye	ye	PROPN
easat-9251	290	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	290	17	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9251	290	18	wang	wang	PROPN
easat-9251	290	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	21	receive	receive	VERB
easat-9251	290	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	23	reason	reason	NOUN
easat-9251	290	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	290	26	react	react	VERB
easat-9251	290	27	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	28	drive	drive	VERB
easat-9251	290	29	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9251	290	30	you	you	PRON
easat-9251	290	31	say	say	VERB
easat-9251	290	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	33	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	290	34	large	large	ADJ
easat-9251	290	35	language	language	NOUN
easat-9251	290	36	models	model	NOUN
easat-9251	290	37	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	290	38	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	290	39	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	290	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	41	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	42	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	290	43	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
easat-9251	290	44	transportation	transportation	NOUN
easat-9251	290	45	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9251	290	46	magazine	magazine	NOUN
easat-9251	290	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	290	48	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	290	49	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	291	1	16	16	NUM
easat-9251	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	291	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	291	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	291	5	4	4	NUM
easat-9251	291	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	291	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	291	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	292	1	81	81	NUM
easat-9251	292	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	292	3	94	94	NUM
easat-9251	292	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	292	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	292	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2024.3381793	https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2024.3381793	PROPN
easat-9251	293	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	293	3	14	14	NUM
easat-9251	293	4	]	]	X
easat-9251	293	5	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	6	jiang	jiang	PROPN
easat-9251	293	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	8	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	9	zhang	zhang	PROPN
easat-9251	293	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	11	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	12	ren	ren	PROPN
easat-9251	293	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	14	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	15	han	han	PROPN
easat-9251	293	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	17	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	18	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	19	chen	chen	PROPN
easat-9251	293	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	293	22	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9251	293	23	hanzo	hanzo	PROPN
easat-9251	293	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	26	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	293	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	293	28	paradigms	paradigm	VERB
easat-9251	293	29	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	293	30	next	next	ADJ
easat-9251	293	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	32	generation	generation	NOUN
easat-9251	293	33	wireless	wireless	NOUN
easat-9251	293	34	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9251	293	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	37	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	293	38	wireless	wireless	NOUN
easat-9251	293	39	communications	communication	NOUN
easat-9251	293	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	293	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	293	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	294	1	24	24	NUM
easat-9251	294	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	294	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	294	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	294	5	2	2	NUM
easat-9251	294	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	294	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	294	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	295	1	98	98	NUM
easat-9251	295	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	295	3	105	105	NUM
easat-9251	295	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	295	5	2017	2017	NUM
easat-9251	295	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2016.1500356wc	https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2016.1500356wc	ADJ
easat-9251	296	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	296	3	15	15	NUM
easat-9251	296	4	]	]	X
easat-9251	296	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	296	6	atakishiyev	atakishiyev	PROPN
easat-9251	296	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	8	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	296	9	salameh	salameh	NOUN
easat-9251	296	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	11	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9251	296	12	yao	yao	PROPN
easat-9251	296	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	296	15	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9251	296	16	goebel	goebel	PROPN
easat-9251	296	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	19	explainable	explainable	ADJ
easat-9251	296	20	artificial	artificial	ADJ
easat-9251	296	21	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9251	296	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	296	23	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	296	24	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	296	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	26	a	a	DET
easat-9251	296	27	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9251	296	28	overview	overview	NOUN
easat-9251	296	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	296	30	field	field	NOUN
easat-9251	296	31	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-9251	296	32	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	296	33	future	future	ADJ
easat-9251	296	34	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	296	35	directions	direction	NOUN
easat-9251	296	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	37	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	38	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	296	39	access	access	NOUN
easat-9251	296	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	41	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	296	42	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	296	43	12	12	NUM
easat-9251	296	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	296	45	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	296	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	297	1	101603	101603	NUM
easat-9251	297	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	297	3	101625	101625	NUM
easat-9251	297	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	297	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	297	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431437	https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431437	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	298	3	16	16	NUM
easat-9251	298	4	]	]	X
easat-9251	298	5	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9251	298	6	yu	yu	PROPN
easat-9251	298	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	298	9	huo	huo	PROPN
easat-9251	298	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	11	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	298	12	zhu	zhu	PROPN
easat-9251	298	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	14	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	298	15	gong	gong	PROPN
easat-9251	298	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	298	18	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9251	298	19	xiang	xiang	PROPN
easat-9251	298	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	22	machine	machine	NOUN
easat-9251	298	23	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9251	298	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	25	based	base	VERB
easat-9251	298	26	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	298	27	intention	intention	NOUN
easat-9251	298	28	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
easat-9251	298	29	recognition	recognition	NOUN
easat-9251	298	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	298	31	prediction	prediction	NOUN
easat-9251	298	32	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	298	33	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	298	34	driving	driving	NOUN
easat-9251	298	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	36	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	37	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	298	38	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
easat-9251	298	39	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	298	40	the	the	DET
easat-9251	298	41	international	international	ADJ
easat-9251	298	42	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-9251	298	43	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	298	44	advanced	advanced	ADJ
easat-9251	298	45	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
easat-9251	298	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	298	47	control	control	NOUN
easat-9251	298	48	engineering	engineering	PROPN
easat-9251	298	49	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	50	icaace	icaace	NOUN
easat-9251	298	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	53	771–775	771–775	NUM
easat-9251	298	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	298	55	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	298	56	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	299	2	17	17	NUM
easat-9251	299	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9251	299	5	liu	liu	PROPN
easat-9251	299	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	7	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-9251	299	8	qi	qi	PROPN
easat-9251	299	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	10	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9251	299	11	hang	hang	PROPN
easat-9251	299	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	299	14	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9251	299	15	sun	sun	PROPN
easat-9251	299	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	17	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	18	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9251	299	19	social	social	ADJ
easat-9251	299	20	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9251	299	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	22	making	making	NOUN
easat-9251	299	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	299	24	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9251	299	25	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	299	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	27	a	a	DET
easat-9251	299	28	mixed	mix	VERB
easat-9251	299	29	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	30	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9251	299	31	game	game	NOUN
easat-9251	299	32	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9251	299	33	with	with	ADP
easat-9251	299	34	interaction	interaction	NOUN
easat-9251	299	35	orientation	orientation	NOUN
easat-9251	299	36	identification	identification	NOUN
easat-9251	299	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	39	ieee	ieee	NOUN
easat-9251	299	40	transactions	transaction	NOUN
easat-9251	299	41	on	on	ADP
easat-9251	299	42	vehicular	vehicular	ADJ
easat-9251	299	43	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	299	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	45	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	299	46	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	299	47	73	73	NUM
easat-9251	299	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	49	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	299	50	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	299	51	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	299	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	53	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	299	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	55	12385	12385	NUM
easat-9251	299	56	-	-	SYM
easat-9251	299	57	12398	12398	NUM
easat-9251	299	58	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	299	59	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9251	299	60	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	1	https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3385750	https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3385750	PROPN
easat-9251	300	2	[	[	X
easat-9251	300	3	18	18	NUM
easat-9251	300	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	5	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9251	300	6	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9251	300	7	kumar	kumar	PROPN
easat-9251	300	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	9	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	300	10	kavitha	kavitha	PROPN
easat-9251	300	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	12	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	300	13	vairavel	vairavel	NOUN
easat-9251	300	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	300	16	vinothkumar	vinothkumar	NOUN
easat-9251	300	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	19	simulation	simulation	NOUN
easat-9251	300	20	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	300	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	300	22	rg	rg	PRON
easat-9251	300	23	velocity	velocity	NOUN
easat-9251	300	24	at	at	ADP
easat-9251	300	25	gas	gas	NOUN
easat-9251	300	26	diffusion	diffusion	NOUN
easat-9251	300	27	layer	layer	NOUN
easat-9251	300	28	velocity	velocity	NOUN
easat-9251	300	29	in	in	ADP
easat-9251	300	30	a	a	DET
easat-9251	300	31	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9251	300	32	pass	pass	VERB
easat-9251	300	33	serpentine	serpentine	ADJ
easat-9251	300	34	flow	flow	NOUN
easat-9251	300	35	field	field	NOUN
easat-9251	300	36	pem	pem	NOUN
easat-9251	300	37	fuel	fuel	NOUN
easat-9251	300	38	cell	cell	NOUN
easat-9251	300	39	under	under	ADP
easat-9251	300	40	different	different	ADJ
easat-9251	300	41	cell	cell	NOUN
easat-9251	300	42	potentials	potential	VERB
easat-9251	300	43	using	use	VERB
easat-9251	300	44	automobile	automobile	NOUN
easat-9251	300	45	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	300	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	47	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	48	science	science	NOUN
easat-9251	300	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	300	50	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9251	300	51	development	development	NOUN
easat-9251	300	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	53	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	300	54	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	300	55	8	8	NUM
easat-9251	300	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	57	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	300	58	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	300	59	10	10	NUM
easat-9251	300	60	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	300	61	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	300	62	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	301	1	603–611	603–611	NUM
easat-9251	301	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	301	3	2019	2019	NUM
easat-9251	301	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	302	2	19	19	NUM
easat-9251	302	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	302	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	302	6	raj	raj	PROPN
easat-9251	302	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	8	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	302	9	vairavel	vairavel	PROPN
easat-9251	302	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	11	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9251	302	12	thiruvasagam	thiruvasagam	PROPN
easat-9251	302	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	302	15	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9251	302	16	saravanan	saravanan	PROPN
easat-9251	302	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	19	design	design	NOUN
easat-9251	302	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	302	21	stress	stress	NOUN
easat-9251	302	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	302	23	deformation	deformation	NOUN
easat-9251	302	24	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	302	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	302	26	a	a	DET
easat-9251	302	27	suspension	suspension	NOUN
easat-9251	302	28	coil	coil	NOUN
easat-9251	302	29	spring	spring	NOUN
easat-9251	302	30	for	for	ADP
easat-9251	302	31	light	light	ADJ
easat-9251	302	32	motor	motor	NOUN
easat-9251	302	33	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	302	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	35	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	36	international	international	ADJ
easat-9251	302	37	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9251	302	38	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	302	39	scientific	scientific	ADJ
easat-9251	302	40	research	research	NOUN
easat-9251	302	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	302	42	review	review	NOUN
easat-9251	302	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	44	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	302	45	.	.	PROPN
easat-9251	302	46	7	7	NUM
easat-9251	302	47	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	48	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	302	49	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	302	50	9	9	NUM
easat-9251	302	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	302	52	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9251	302	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	303	1	1–10	1–10	NOUN
easat-9251	303	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	303	3	2018	2018	NUM
easat-9251	303	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	1	[	[	X
easat-9251	304	2	20	20	NUM
easat-9251	304	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9251	304	5	vairavel	vairavel	NOUN
easat-9251	304	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	7	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9251	304	8	swaminathan	swaminathan	PROPN
easat-9251	304	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	10	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9251	304	11	udayakumar	udayakumar	PROPN
easat-9251	304	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	13	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9251	304	14	anitha	anitha	PROPN
easat-9251	304	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	304	17	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9251	304	18	pushpanathan	pushpanathan	NOUN
easat-9251	304	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9251	304	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9251	304	23	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
easat-9251	304	24	electrical	electrical	ADJ
easat-9251	304	25	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
easat-9251	304	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	27	types	type	NOUN
easat-9251	304	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	29	formulation	formulation	NOUN
easat-9251	304	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9251	304	31	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9251	304	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	33	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	34	aip	aip	PROPN
easat-9251	304	35	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-9251	304	36	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
easat-9251	304	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	304	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	40	2452	2452	NUM
easat-9251	304	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	42	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	304	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	304	44	1	1	NUM
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easat-9251	304	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	304	49	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9251	304	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	305	1	[	[	X
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easat-9251	305	24	validation	validation	NOUN
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easat-9251	305	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9251	305	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9251	305	40	2452	2452	NUM
easat-9251	305	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	305	42	no	no	INTJ
easat-9251	305	43	.	.	NOUN
easat-9251	305	44	1	1	NUM
easat-9251	305	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9251	305	46	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9251	305	47	.	.	PUNCT
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easat-9251	306	9	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114084	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0114084	NOUN