id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-9517	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	2	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	2	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	2	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-9517	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-9517	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	2	17	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	2	18	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	2	19	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	3	10	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	3	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	3	12	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	3	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	3	14	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	3	15	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	16	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	3	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	3	18	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	3	19	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	3	20	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	21	received	receive	VERB
easat-9517	3	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	23	16	16	NUM
easat-9517	3	24	june	june	PROPN
easat-9517	3	25	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	3	26	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	27	revised	revise	VERB
easat-9517	3	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	29	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	3	30	august	august	PROPN
easat-9517	3	31	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	3	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	33	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-9517	3	34	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	35	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	3	36	august	august	PROPN
easat-9517	3	37	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	3	38	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	39	published	publish	VERB
easat-9517	3	40	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	41	18	18	NUM
easat-9517	3	42	august	august	PROPN
easat-9517	3	43	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	3	44	*	*	PUNCT
easat-9517	3	45	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-9517	3	46	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	4	1	drgurdipsaini@gmail.com	drgurdipsaini@gmail.com	X
easat-9517	5	1	navigating	navigate	VERB
easat-9517	5	2	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	5	3	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	5	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	5	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	5	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	5	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	5	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	5	9	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	5	10	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	5	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	5	12	malaysian	malaysian	ADJ
easat-9517	5	13	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	5	14	education	education	PROPN
easat-9517	5	15	menaga	menaga	PROPN
easat-9517	5	16	kumar1	kumar1	PROPN
easat-9517	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	5	18	gurdip	gurdip	PROPN
easat-9517	5	19	kaur	kaur	PROPN
easat-9517	5	20	saminder	saminder	PROPN
easat-9517	6	1	singh2	singh2	PROPN
easat-9517	7	1	*	*	PROPN
easat-9517	7	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	7	3	farah	farah	PROPN
easat-9517	7	4	naaz	naaz	PROPN
easat-9517	7	5	abd	abd	PROPN
easat-9517	8	1	yunos3	yunos3	PROPN
easat-9517	8	2	1school	1school	NUM
easat-9517	8	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	8	4	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	8	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	8	6	taylors	taylors	PROPN
easat-9517	8	7	university	university	PROPN
easat-9517	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	8	9	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	8	10	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	8	11	menaga.kumar@taylors.edu.my	menaga.kumar@taylors.edu.my	X
easat-9517	8	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	8	13	m.k	m.k	PROPN
easat-9517	8	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	8	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	8	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	9	1	2faculty	2faculty	NUM
easat-9517	9	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	9	3	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	9	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	9	5	humanities	humanity	NOUN
easat-9517	9	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	9	7	unitar	unitar	PROPN
easat-9517	9	8	university	university	PROPN
easat-9517	9	9	college	college	PROPN
easat-9517	9	10	kuala	kuala	PROPN
easat-9517	9	11	lumpur	lumpur	PROPN
easat-9517	9	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	9	13	uuckl	uuckl	PROPN
easat-9517	9	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	9	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	9	16	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	9	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	1	2faculty	2faculty	NUM
easat-9517	10	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	10	3	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	10	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	10	5	humanities	humanity	NOUN
easat-9517	10	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	7	unitar	unitar	PROPN
easat-9517	10	8	international	international	PROPN
easat-9517	10	9	university	university	PROPN
easat-9517	10	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	11	kelana	kelana	PROPN
easat-9517	10	12	jaya	jaya	PROPN
easat-9517	10	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	14	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	10	15	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	16	drgurdipsaini@gmail.com	drgurdipsaini@gmail.com	X
easat-9517	10	17	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	18	g.k.s.s	g.k.s.s	PROPN
easat-9517	10	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	20	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	10	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	11	1	3centre	3centre	NUM
easat-9517	11	2	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	11	3	english	english	ADJ
easat-9517	11	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-9517	11	5	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	11	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	11	7	sunway	sunway	PROPN
easat-9517	11	8	university	university	NOUN
easat-9517	11	9	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	11	10	farahnaaza@sunway.edu.my	farahnaaza@sunway.edu.my	X
easat-9517	11	11	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	11	12	f.n.a.y	f.n.a.y	NOUN
easat-9517	11	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	11	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	11	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	12	1	abstract	abstract	ADV
easat-9517	12	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	12	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	12	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	12	5	explores	explore	VERB
easat-9517	12	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	12	7	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	12	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	12	9	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	12	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	12	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	12	12	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	12	13	faced	face	VERB
easat-9517	12	14	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	12	15	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	12	16	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	12	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	12	18	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	12	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	12	20	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	12	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	12	22	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	12	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	12	24	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	12	25	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	12	26	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	12	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	13	1	a	a	DET
easat-9517	13	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	13	3	multiplecase	multiplecase	NOUN
easat-9517	13	4	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	13	5	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	13	6	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	13	7	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	13	8	this	this	DET
easat-9517	13	9	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	13	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	13	11	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9517	13	12	each	each	DET
easat-9517	13	13	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	13	14	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	13	15	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	13	16	mature	mature	ADJ
easat-9517	13	17	private	private	ADJ
easat-9517	13	18	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	13	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	13	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	13	21	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	13	22	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	13	23	invited	invite	VERB
easat-9517	13	24	to	to	PART
easat-9517	13	25	participate	participate	VERB
easat-9517	13	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	13	27	semi	semi	ADJ
easat-9517	13	28	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	13	29	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	13	30	interviews	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	13	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	14	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	14	2	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	14	3	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-9517	14	4	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	14	5	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9517	14	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	14	7	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9517	14	8	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	14	9	reflexive	reflexive	ADJ
easat-9517	14	10	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9517	14	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	14	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	14	13	iterative	iterative	NOUN
easat-9517	14	14	coding	coding	NOUN
easat-9517	14	15	aligned	align	VERB
easat-9517	14	16	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	14	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	14	18	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	14	19	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	14	20	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	14	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	14	22	this	this	DET
easat-9517	14	23	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	14	25	which	which	PRON
easat-9517	14	26	discuss	discuss	VERB
easat-9517	14	27	the	the	DET
easat-9517	14	28	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	14	29	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	14	30	to	to	PART
easat-9517	14	31	manage	manage	VERB
easat-9517	14	32	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	14	33	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	14	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	14	35	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	14	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	14	37	as	as	ADV
easat-9517	14	38	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	14	39	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	14	40	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	14	41	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	14	42	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	14	43	faced	face	VERB
easat-9517	14	44	during	during	ADP
easat-9517	14	45	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	14	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	15	1	overall	overall	ADV
easat-9517	15	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	15	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	15	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	15	5	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	15	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	15	7	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	15	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	15	9	occupy	occupy	VERB
easat-9517	15	10	a	a	DET
easat-9517	15	11	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-9517	15	12	position	position	NOUN
easat-9517	15	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	15	14	steering	steer	VERB
easat-9517	15	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	15	16	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	15	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	15	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	15	19	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9517	15	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	15	21	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-9517	15	22	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	15	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	15	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	15	25	responding	respond	VERB
easat-9517	15	26	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	15	27	evolving	evolve	VERB
easat-9517	15	28	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	15	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	15	30	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	15	31	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9517	15	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9517	16	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9517	16	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	16	5	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	16	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	16	7	participatory	participatory	ADJ
easat-9517	16	8	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	16	9	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-9517	16	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	16	12	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	16	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9517	16	14	several	several	ADJ
easat-9517	16	15	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-9517	16	16	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	16	17	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	16	18	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-9517	16	19	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	16	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	16	21	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	16	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	23	including	include	VERB
easat-9517	16	24	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9517	16	25	staffing	staffing	NOUN
easat-9517	16	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	16	27	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	16	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	29	time	time	NOUN
easat-9517	16	30	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9517	16	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	32	lengthy	lengthy	ADJ
easat-9517	16	33	approval	approval	NOUN
easat-9517	16	34	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	16	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	36	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	16	37	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-9517	16	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	16	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	16	40	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-9517	16	41	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	16	42	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	16	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	17	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	17	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	17	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	17	4	this	this	DET
easat-9517	17	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	17	6	underscore	underscore	NOUN
easat-9517	17	7	that	that	DET
easat-9517	17	8	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	17	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	17	10	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	17	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	17	12	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	17	13	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	17	14	relies	rely	VERB
easat-9517	17	15	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	17	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	17	17	commitment	commitment	NOUN
easat-9517	17	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	17	19	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-9517	17	20	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	17	21	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	17	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	17	23	efficient	efficient	ADJ
easat-9517	17	24	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	17	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	17	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	17	27	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-9517	17	28	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	17	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	18	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-9517	18	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	18	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	18	4	needed	need	VERB
easat-9517	18	5	to	to	PART
easat-9517	18	6	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9517	18	7	these	these	DET
easat-9517	18	8	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-9517	18	9	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	18	10	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-9517	18	11	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-9517	18	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	18	13	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	18	14	transformations	transformation	NOUN
easat-9517	18	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	19	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-9517	19	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	19	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	19	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	19	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	19	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	19	7	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	19	8	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	19	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	19	10	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	19	11	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	19	13	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	19	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	20	1	1	1	X
easat-9517	20	2	.	.	X
easat-9517	20	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-9517	20	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	20	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	20	6	21st	21st	ADJ
easat-9517	20	7	century	century	NOUN
easat-9517	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	20	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	20	10	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	20	11	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	20	12	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9517	20	13	influenced	influence	VERB
easat-9517	20	14	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	20	15	rapid	rapid	ADJ
easat-9517	20	16	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-9517	20	17	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-9517	20	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	20	19	necessitating	necessitate	VERB
easat-9517	20	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	20	21	literacy	literacy	NOUN
easat-9517	20	22	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	20	23	a	a	DET
easat-9517	20	24	core	core	NOUN
easat-9517	20	25	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	20	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	21	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	21	2	emergence	emergence	NOUN
easat-9517	21	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	21	4	online	online	ADJ
easat-9517	21	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	21	6	blended	blended	ADJ
easat-9517	21	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	21	8	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	21	9	has	have	AUX
easat-9517	21	10	transformed	transform	VERB
easat-9517	21	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9517	21	12	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	21	13	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9517	21	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	21	15	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9517	21	16	more	more	ADJ
easat-9517	21	17	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-9517	21	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	21	19	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-9517	21	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	21	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
easat-9517	21	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	22	1	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	22	2	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	22	3	now	now	ADV
easat-9517	22	4	expected	expect	VERB
easat-9517	22	5	to	to	PART
easat-9517	22	6	adeptly	adeptly	ADV
easat-9517	22	7	utilize	utilize	VERB
easat-9517	22	8	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	22	9	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	22	10	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9517	22	11	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	22	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	22	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	22	14	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	22	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	22	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	22	17	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9517	22	18	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-9517	22	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	22	20	preparing	prepare	VERB
easat-9517	22	21	them	they	PRON
easat-9517	22	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	22	23	a	a	DET
easat-9517	22	24	job	job	NOUN
easat-9517	22	25	market	market	NOUN
easat-9517	22	26	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-9517	22	27	dependent	dependent	ADJ
easat-9517	22	28	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	22	29	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	22	30	competencies	competency	NOUN
easat-9517	22	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	23	2	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9517	23	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	23	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	23	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	23	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	8	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9517	23	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	10	arts	art	NOUN
easat-9517	23	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	23	13	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
easat-9517	23	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	15	steam	steam	NOUN
easat-9517	23	16	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	23	17	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	23	18	a	a	DET
easat-9517	23	19	holistic	holistic	ADJ
easat-9517	23	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	23	21	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	23	22	nurtures	nurture	VERB
easat-9517	23	23	both	both	CCONJ
easat-9517	23	24	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-9517	23	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	23	26	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9517	23	27	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-9517	23	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	24	1	studentcentered	studentcentere	VERB
easat-9517	24	2	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-9517	24	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	24	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	24	5	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	24	6	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	24	7	active	active	ADJ
easat-9517	24	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	24	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	24	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	24	11	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	24	12	been	be	AUX
easat-9517	24	13	shown	show	VERB
easat-9517	24	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	24	15	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	24	16	success	success	NOUN
easat-9517	24	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	24	18	stem	stem	NOUN
easat-9517	24	19	fields	field	NOUN
easat-9517	24	20	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	24	21	positively	positively	ADV
easat-9517	24	22	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-9517	24	23	student	student	NOUN
easat-9517	24	24	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
easat-9517	24	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	24	26	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-9517	24	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	24	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	24	29	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-9517	24	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	25	1	a	a	DET
easat-9517	25	2	metaanalysis	metaanalysis	NOUN
easat-9517	25	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	25	4	theobald	theobald	NOUN
easat-9517	25	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	25	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	25	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	25	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	26	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	26	2	1	1	X
easat-9517	26	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	26	4	found	find	VERB
easat-9517	26	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	26	6	active	active	ADJ
easat-9517	26	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	26	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	26	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9517	26	10	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9517	26	11	student	student	NOUN
easat-9517	26	12	performance	performance	NOUN
easat-9517	26	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	26	14	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-9517	26	15	failure	failure	NOUN
easat-9517	26	16	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-9517	26	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	26	18	stem	stem	NOUN
easat-9517	26	19	subjects	subject	NOUN
easat-9517	26	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	27	1	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-9517	27	2	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	27	3	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	27	4	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	27	5	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-9517	27	6	global	global	ADJ
easat-9517	27	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	27	8	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
easat-9517	27	9	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	27	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	27	11	equipping	equip	VERB
easat-9517	27	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	27	13	to	to	PART
easat-9517	27	14	thrive	thrive	VERB
easat-9517	27	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	27	16	an	an	DET
easat-9517	27	17	interconnected	interconnected	ADJ
easat-9517	27	18	world	world	NOUN
easat-9517	27	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	27	20	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9517	27	21	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-9517	27	22	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9517	27	23	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-9517	27	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	27	25	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9517	27	26	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	27	27	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9517	27	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	1	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
easat-9517	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	3	there	there	PRON
easat-9517	28	4	's	be	VERB
easat-9517	28	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	28	6	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9517	28	7	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
easat-9517	28	8	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	28	9	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	28	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	28	11	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-9517	28	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	28	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	14	sel	sel	NOUN
easat-9517	28	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	17	aiming	aim	VERB
easat-9517	28	18	to	to	PART
easat-9517	28	19	develop	develop	VERB
easat-9517	28	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	28	21	'	'	PART
easat-9517	28	22	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-9517	28	23	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
easat-9517	28	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	25	self	self	NOUN
easat-9517	28	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	27	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9517	28	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	28	30	interpersonal	interpersonal	ADJ
easat-9517	28	31	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	28	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	33	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7712-6447	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7712-6447	PROPN
easat-9517	28	34	https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7850-1862	https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7850-1862	NOUN
easat-9517	28	35	977	977	NUM
easat-9517	28	36	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	28	37	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	28	38	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	28	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	28	40	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	28	41	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	28	42	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	28	43	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	28	44	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	28	45	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	28	46	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	28	47	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	29	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	29	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	29	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	29	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	29	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	29	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	29	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	29	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	29	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	29	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	29	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	29	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	29	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	29	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	30	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	30	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	30	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	30	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	30	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	30	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	30	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	30	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	30	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	30	10	which	which	PRON
easat-9517	30	11	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	30	12	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-9517	30	13	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	30	14	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	30	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	30	16	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	30	17	success	success	NOUN
easat-9517	30	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	31	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	31	2	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	31	3	todd	todd	NOUN
easat-9517	31	4	[	[	X
easat-9517	31	5	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	31	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	31	7	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	31	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	31	9	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9517	31	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	31	11	sel	sel	NOUN
easat-9517	31	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	31	13	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9517	31	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	31	15	'	'	PART
easat-9517	31	16	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-9517	31	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	31	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	31	19	especially	especially	ADV
easat-9517	31	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	31	21	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-9517	31	22	times	time	NOUN
easat-9517	31	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	32	1	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9517	32	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
easat-9517	32	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	32	4	problem	problem	NOUN
easat-9517	32	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	32	6	solving	solve	VERB
easat-9517	32	7	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	32	8	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	32	9	become	become	VERB
easat-9517	32	10	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9517	32	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	32	12	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	32	13	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	32	14	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	32	15	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9517	32	16	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	32	17	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	32	18	subjects	subject	NOUN
easat-9517	32	19	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	32	20	project	project	NOUN
easat-9517	32	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	32	22	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	32	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	32	24	experiential	experiential	ADJ
easat-9517	32	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	32	26	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	32	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	33	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	33	3	curricula	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	33	4	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	33	5	evolving	evolve	VERB
easat-9517	33	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	33	7	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	33	8	more	more	ADV
easat-9517	33	9	personalized	personalized	ADJ
easat-9517	33	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	33	11	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
easat-9517	33	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	33	13	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9517	33	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	33	15	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-9517	33	16	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9517	33	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	33	18	all	all	DET
easat-9517	33	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	33	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	33	21	including	include	VERB
easat-9517	33	22	those	those	PRON
easat-9517	33	23	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	33	24	special	special	ADJ
easat-9517	33	25	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9517	33	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	33	27	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	33	28	varied	varied	ADJ
easat-9517	33	29	backgrounds	background	NOUN
easat-9517	33	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	34	1	competency	competency	NOUN
easat-9517	34	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	34	3	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	34	4	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	34	5	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	34	6	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	34	7	gaining	gain	VERB
easat-9517	34	8	traction	traction	NOUN
easat-9517	34	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	34	10	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-9517	34	11	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	34	12	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	34	13	mastery	mastery	NOUN
easat-9517	34	14	over	over	ADP
easat-9517	34	15	time	time	NOUN
easat-9517	34	16	spent	spend	VERB
easat-9517	34	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	34	18	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9517	34	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	34	20	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-9517	34	21	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	34	22	to	to	PART
easat-9517	34	23	progress	progress	VERB
easat-9517	34	24	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	34	25	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	34	26	own	own	ADJ
easat-9517	34	27	pace	pace	NOUN
easat-9517	34	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	35	1	environmental	environmental	ADJ
easat-9517	35	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	35	3	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
easat-9517	35	4	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	35	5	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	35	6	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
easat-9517	35	7	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
easat-9517	35	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	35	9	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-9517	35	10	a	a	DET
easat-9517	35	11	heightened	heightened	ADJ
easat-9517	35	12	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9517	35	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	35	14	global	global	ADJ
easat-9517	35	15	ecological	ecological	ADJ
easat-9517	35	16	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9517	35	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	36	1	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	36	2	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9517	36	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	36	4	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	36	5	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9517	36	6	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-9517	36	7	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	36	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	36	9	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	36	10	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	36	11	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	36	12	to	to	PART
easat-9517	36	13	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	36	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	36	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	36	16	evolving	evolve	VERB
easat-9517	36	17	job	job	NOUN
easat-9517	36	18	market	market	NOUN
easat-9517	36	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	37	1	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
easat-9517	37	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	37	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	37	4	breaking	break	VERB
easat-9517	37	5	down	down	ADP
easat-9517	37	6	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9517	37	7	subject	subject	ADJ
easat-9517	37	8	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-9517	37	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	37	10	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9517	37	11	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	37	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	37	13	a	a	DET
easat-9517	37	14	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9517	37	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9517	37	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	37	17	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9517	37	18	topics	topic	NOUN
easat-9517	37	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	38	1	given	give	VERB
easat-9517	38	2	these	these	DET
easat-9517	38	3	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9517	38	4	shifts	shift	NOUN
easat-9517	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	38	6	this	this	DET
easat-9517	38	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	38	8	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-9517	38	9	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9517	38	10	to	to	PART
easat-9517	38	11	examine	examine	VERB
easat-9517	38	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	38	13	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	38	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	38	15	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	38	16	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	38	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	38	18	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	38	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	38	20	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	38	21	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	38	22	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	38	23	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	38	24	malaysian	malaysian	ADJ
easat-9517	38	25	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	38	26	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	38	27	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	38	28	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9517	38	29	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-9517	38	30	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	38	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	39	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	39	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	39	3	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-9517	39	4	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	39	5	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	39	6	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	39	7	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	39	8	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	39	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	39	10	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	39	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	39	12	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	39	13	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	39	14	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	39	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	39	16	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9517	39	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	39	18	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	39	19	associated	associate	VERB
easat-9517	39	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	39	21	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	39	22	transformations	transformation	NOUN
easat-9517	39	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	40	1	1.1	1.1	NUM
easat-9517	40	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	41	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	41	2	aim	aim	VERB
easat-9517	41	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	41	4	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-9517	41	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	41	6	this	this	DET
easat-9517	41	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	41	8	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	41	9	to	to	PART
easat-9517	41	10	study	study	VERB
easat-9517	41	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	41	12	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	41	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	41	14	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	41	15	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	41	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	41	17	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	41	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	41	19	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	41	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	41	21	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	41	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	41	23	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	41	24	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	41	25	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	41	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	41	27	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	41	28	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	41	29	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9517	41	30	same	same	ADJ
easat-9517	41	31	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	41	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	42	1	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	42	2	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	42	3	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	42	4	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	42	5	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	42	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	42	7	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	42	8	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	42	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	42	10	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	42	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	42	12	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	42	13	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	42	14	studied	study	VERB
easat-9517	42	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	42	16	compared	compare	VERB
easat-9517	42	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	42	18	find	find	VERB
easat-9517	42	19	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	42	20	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	42	21	the	the	DET
easat-9517	42	22	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	42	23	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	42	24	responded	respond	VERB
easat-9517	42	25	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	42	26	the	the	DET
easat-9517	42	27	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	42	28	change	change	VERB
easat-9517	42	29	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	42	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	42	31	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	42	32	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	42	33	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	42	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	43	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
easat-9517	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	43	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	43	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	43	5	intended	intend	VERB
easat-9517	43	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	43	7	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9517	43	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	43	9	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	43	10	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	43	11	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	43	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	43	13	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	43	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	43	15	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	43	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	43	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	43	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	43	19	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	43	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	43	21	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	43	22	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	43	23	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	43	24	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	43	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	43	26	discover	discover	VERB
easat-9517	43	27	the	the	DET
easat-9517	43	28	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	43	29	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	43	30	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	43	31	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	43	32	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	43	33	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	43	34	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	43	35	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	43	36	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	43	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	44	1	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	44	2	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	44	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	44	4	above	above	NOUN
easat-9517	44	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	44	6	this	this	DET
easat-9517	44	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	44	8	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	44	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	44	10	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	44	11	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-9517	44	12	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	44	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	44	14	a	a	X
easat-9517	44	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	44	16	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	44	17	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	44	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	44	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	44	20	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	44	21	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	44	22	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	44	23	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	44	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	44	25	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	44	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	44	27	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	44	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	44	29	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	44	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	44	31	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	44	32	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	44	33	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	44	34	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	44	35	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	45	1	b	b	X
easat-9517	45	2	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	45	3	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	45	4	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	45	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	45	6	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	45	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	45	8	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	45	9	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	45	10	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	45	11	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	45	12	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	45	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	45	14	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	45	15	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	46	1	2	2	X
easat-9517	46	2	.	.	X
easat-9517	46	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9517	46	4	review	review	VERB
easat-9517	46	5	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-9517	46	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	47	1	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	47	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	47	3	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	47	4	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	47	5	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	47	6	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9517	47	7	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	47	8	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	47	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	47	10	defined	define	VERB
easat-9517	47	11	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	47	12	being	be	AUX
easat-9517	47	13	able	able	ADJ
easat-9517	47	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	47	15	influence	influence	VERB
easat-9517	47	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	47	17	team	team	NOUN
easat-9517	47	18	members	member	NOUN
easat-9517	47	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	47	20	getting	get	VERB
easat-9517	47	21	everyone	everyone	PRON
easat-9517	47	22	engaged	engage	VERB
easat-9517	47	23	to	to	PART
easat-9517	47	24	complete	complete	VERB
easat-9517	47	25	a	a	DET
easat-9517	47	26	task	task	NOUN
easat-9517	47	27	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	47	28	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9517	47	29	the	the	DET
easat-9517	47	30	desired	desire	VERB
easat-9517	47	31	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-9517	47	32	[	[	X
easat-9517	47	33	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	47	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	47	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	1	whereby	whereby	ADV
easat-9517	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	3	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	48	4	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	48	5	pertains	pertain	VERB
easat-9517	48	6	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	48	7	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-9517	48	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	48	9	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	48	10	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9517	48	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	48	12	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	48	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	48	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	15	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	48	16	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	48	17	top	top	ADJ
easat-9517	48	18	executives	executive	NOUN
easat-9517	48	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	20	presidents	president	NOUN
easat-9517	48	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	22	principals	principal	NOUN
easat-9517	48	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	24	chancellors	chancellor	NOUN
easat-9517	48	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	26	deans	dean	NOUN
easat-9517	48	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	28	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	48	29	department	department	NOUN
easat-9517	48	30	heads	head	NOUN
easat-9517	48	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	32	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	48	33	play	play	VERB
easat-9517	48	34	a	a	DET
easat-9517	48	35	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	48	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	48	37	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9517	48	38	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	48	39	making	making	NOUN
easat-9517	48	40	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	48	41	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	48	42	organizational	organizational	ADJ
easat-9517	48	43	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	48	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-9517	49	2	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	49	3	sidhu	sidhu	NOUN
easat-9517	49	4	[	[	X
easat-9517	49	5	4	4	X
easat-9517	49	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	49	8	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	49	9	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	49	10	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	49	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	49	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	49	13	21st	21st	ADJ
easat-9517	49	14	century	century	NOUN
easat-9517	49	15	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	49	16	expected	expect	VERB
easat-9517	49	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	49	18	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
easat-9517	49	19	a	a	DET
easat-9517	49	20	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-9517	49	21	presence	presence	NOUN
easat-9517	49	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	23	articulate	articulate	VERB
easat-9517	49	24	a	a	DET
easat-9517	49	25	distinct	distinct	ADJ
easat-9517	49	26	mission	mission	NOUN
easat-9517	49	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	49	28	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-9517	49	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	30	create	create	VERB
easat-9517	49	31	student	student	NOUN
easat-9517	49	32	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	33	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9517	49	34	timetables	timetable	NOUN
easat-9517	49	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	36	offer	offer	VERB
easat-9517	49	37	assistance	assistance	NOUN
easat-9517	49	38	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	49	39	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	49	40	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-9517	49	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	49	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	49	43	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-9517	49	44	the	the	DET
easat-9517	49	45	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	49	46	's	's	PART
easat-9517	49	47	impact	impact	NOUN
easat-9517	49	48	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	49	49	the	the	DET
easat-9517	49	50	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	49	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	50	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	50	2	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	50	3	shall	shall	AUX
easat-9517	50	4	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	50	5	empowered	empower	VERB
easat-9517	50	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	50	7	drive	drive	VERB
easat-9517	50	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	50	9	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	50	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	50	11	others	other	NOUN
easat-9517	50	12	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	50	13	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	50	14	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	50	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	50	16	line	line	NOUN
easat-9517	50	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	50	18	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-9517	50	19	to	to	PART
easat-9517	50	20	participate	participate	VERB
easat-9517	50	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	50	22	the	the	DET
easat-9517	50	23	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	50	24	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	50	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	51	1	leong	leong	PROPN
easat-9517	52	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	52	2	5	5	X
easat-9517	52	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	52	4	posited	posit	VERB
easat-9517	52	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	52	6	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	52	7	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	52	8	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9517	52	9	people	people	NOUN
easat-9517	52	10	early	early	ADV
easat-9517	52	11	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	52	12	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	52	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	52	14	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9517	52	15	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-9517	52	16	to	to	PART
easat-9517	52	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	52	18	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-9517	52	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	52	20	establish	establish	VERB
easat-9517	52	21	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9517	52	22	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	52	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	52	24	implement	implement	VERB
easat-9517	52	25	constant	constant	ADJ
easat-9517	52	26	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
easat-9517	52	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	52	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	52	29	perform	perform	VERB
easat-9517	52	30	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9517	52	31	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	52	32	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	52	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	52	34	engaging	engage	VERB
easat-9517	52	35	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	52	36	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	52	37	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	52	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	53	1	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	53	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	53	3	opposing	opposing	ADJ
easat-9517	53	4	view	view	NOUN
easat-9517	53	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	53	6	buchashvili	buchashvili	NOUN
easat-9517	53	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	53	8	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	53	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	53	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	54	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	54	2	6	6	NUM
easat-9517	54	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	54	4	pointed	point	VERB
easat-9517	54	5	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	54	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	54	7	although	although	SCONJ
easat-9517	54	8	believed	believe	VERB
easat-9517	54	9	to	to	PART
easat-9517	54	10	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	54	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	54	12	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	54	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	54	14	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	54	15	to	to	PART
easat-9517	54	16	drive	drive	VERB
easat-9517	54	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	54	18	manage	manage	VERB
easat-9517	54	19	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	54	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	54	21	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	54	22	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	54	23	only	only	ADV
easat-9517	54	24	happen	happen	VERB
easat-9517	54	25	if	if	SCONJ
easat-9517	54	26	all	all	DET
easat-9517	54	27	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	54	28	cooperate	cooperate	VERB
easat-9517	54	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	54	30	drive	drive	VERB
easat-9517	54	31	the	the	DET
easat-9517	54	32	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	54	33	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	54	34	individual	individual	ADJ
easat-9517	54	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	54	36	personal	personal	ADJ
easat-9517	54	37	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	54	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	55	1	978	978	NUM
easat-9517	55	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	55	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	55	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	55	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	55	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	55	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	55	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	55	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	55	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	55	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	55	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	55	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	56	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	56	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	56	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	56	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	56	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	56	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	56	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	56	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	56	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	56	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	56	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	56	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	56	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	56	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	56	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	57	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	57	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	57	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	57	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	57	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	57	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	57	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	57	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	57	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	57	10	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-9517	57	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	58	1	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	58	2	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	58	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	58	4	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	58	5	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	58	6	a	a	DET
easat-9517	58	7	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	58	8	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-9517	58	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	58	10	deepening	deepen	VERB
easat-9517	58	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	58	12	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	58	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	58	14	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9517	58	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	58	16	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-9517	58	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	58	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	58	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	58	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	58	21	universities	university	NOUN
easat-9517	58	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	58	23	tertiary	tertiary	ADJ
easat-9517	58	24	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	58	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	59	1	sorenson	sorenson	PROPN
easat-9517	59	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	59	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	59	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	59	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	60	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	60	2	7	7	NUM
easat-9517	60	3	]	]	SYM
easat-9517	60	4	defined	define	VERB
easat-9517	60	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	60	6	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	60	7	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	60	8	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9517	60	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	60	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	60	11	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-9517	60	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	60	13	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9517	60	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	60	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	60	16	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9517	60	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	60	18	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9517	60	19	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	60	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	60	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9517	60	22	to	to	PART
easat-9517	60	23	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	60	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	60	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	60	26	's	's	PART
easat-9517	60	27	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	60	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	60	29	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9517	60	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	60	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	60	32	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9517	60	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	61	1	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	61	2	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	61	3	has	have	VERB
easat-9517	61	4	its	its	PRON
easat-9517	61	5	roots	root	NOUN
easat-9517	61	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	61	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	61	8	mid-1800s	mid-1800	NOUN
easat-9517	61	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	61	10	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	61	11	initially	initially	ADV
easat-9517	61	12	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-9517	61	13	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	61	14	professor	professor	PROPN
easat-9517	61	15	harry	harry	PROPN
easat-9517	61	16	paso	paso	PROPN
easat-9517	61	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	62	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	62	2	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
easat-9517	62	3	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9517	62	4	revolves	revolve	VERB
easat-9517	62	5	around	around	ADP
easat-9517	62	6	transforming	transform	VERB
easat-9517	62	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	62	8	conventional	conventional	ADJ
easat-9517	62	9	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	62	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	62	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	62	12	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	62	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	62	14	which	which	PRON
easat-9517	62	15	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9517	62	16	to	to	PART
easat-9517	62	17	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-9517	62	18	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9517	62	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	62	20	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	62	21	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9517	62	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	62	23	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	62	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	62	25	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	62	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	62	27	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	62	28	'	'	PART
easat-9517	62	29	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	62	30	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-9517	62	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	63	1	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	63	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	63	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-9517	63	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	63	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	63	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	63	7	some	some	DET
easat-9517	63	8	scholars	scholar	NOUN
easat-9517	63	9	believe	believe	VERB
easat-9517	63	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	63	11	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	63	12	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	63	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	63	14	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9517	63	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	63	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	63	17	'	'	PART
easat-9517	63	18	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9517	63	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	63	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	63	21	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	63	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	63	23	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	63	24	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	63	25	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
easat-9517	63	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	63	27	as	as	ADV
easat-9517	63	28	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	63	29	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	63	30	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	63	31	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-9517	63	32	grasp	grasp	NOUN
easat-9517	63	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	63	34	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	63	35	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	63	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	63	37	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	64	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	64	2	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	64	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	64	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	65	1	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	65	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	65	3	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	65	4	system	system	NOUN
easat-9517	65	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	65	6	there	there	PRON
easat-9517	65	7	are	be	VERB
easat-9517	65	8	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-9517	65	9	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	65	10	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	65	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	65	12	prompting	prompt	VERB
easat-9517	65	13	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	65	14	about	about	ADP
easat-9517	65	15	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	65	16	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	65	17	take	take	VERB
easat-9517	65	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	65	19	lead	lead	NOUN
easat-9517	65	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	65	21	shaping	shape	VERB
easat-9517	65	22	the	the	DET
easat-9517	65	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	65	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	66	1	harris	harris	PROPN
easat-9517	66	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	66	3	jones	jones	PROPN
easat-9517	67	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	67	2	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	67	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	67	4	argue	argue	VERB
easat-9517	67	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	67	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	67	7	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	67	8	principal	principal	NOUN
easat-9517	67	9	serves	serve	VERB
easat-9517	67	10	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	67	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	67	12	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9517	67	13	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9517	67	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	67	15	maker	maker	NOUN
easat-9517	67	16	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	67	17	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	67	18	comes	come	VERB
easat-9517	67	19	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	67	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	67	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	67	22	being	be	AUX
easat-9517	67	23	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	67	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	67	25	helm	helm	NOUN
easat-9517	67	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	67	27	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9517	67	28	choices	choice	NOUN
easat-9517	67	29	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	67	30	the	the	DET
easat-9517	67	31	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	67	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	68	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9517	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	68	3	ylimaki	ylimaki	PROPN
easat-9517	68	4	[	[	X
easat-9517	68	5	10	10	NUM
easat-9517	68	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	68	7	points	point	VERB
easat-9517	68	8	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	68	9	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	68	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	68	11	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	68	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	68	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	68	14	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	68	15	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	68	16	not	not	PART
easat-9517	68	17	rest	rest	VERB
easat-9517	68	18	solely	solely	ADV
easat-9517	68	19	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	68	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	68	21	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN
easat-9517	68	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	68	23	the	the	DET
easat-9517	68	24	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	68	25	principal	principal	NOUN
easat-9517	68	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	68	27	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	68	28	the	the	DET
easat-9517	68	29	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	68	30	extends	extend	VERB
easat-9517	68	31	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-9517	68	32	the	the	DET
easat-9517	68	33	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
easat-9517	68	34	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	68	35	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	68	36	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	68	37	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	68	38	the	the	DET
easat-9517	68	39	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	68	40	setting	setting	NOUN
easat-9517	68	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	69	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	69	2	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	69	3	encompasses	encompass	VERB
easat-9517	69	4	a	a	DET
easat-9517	69	5	wide	wide	ADJ
easat-9517	69	6	array	array	NOUN
easat-9517	69	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	69	8	functions	function	NOUN
easat-9517	69	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	69	10	influences	influence	NOUN
easat-9517	69	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	69	12	including	include	VERB
easat-9517	69	13	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
easat-9517	69	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	69	15	political	political	ADJ
easat-9517	69	16	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9517	69	17	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	69	18	impact	impact	VERB
easat-9517	69	19	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	69	20	content	content	NOUN
easat-9517	69	21	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9517	69	22	[	[	X
easat-9517	69	23	10	10	NUM
easat-9517	69	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	69	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	70	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-9517	70	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	70	3	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	70	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	70	5	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	70	6	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	70	7	involve	involve	VERB
easat-9517	70	8	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-9517	70	9	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	70	10	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	70	11	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	70	12	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-9517	70	13	those	those	PRON
easat-9517	70	14	directly	directly	ADV
easat-9517	70	15	involved	involve	VERB
easat-9517	70	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	70	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	70	18	day	day	NOUN
easat-9517	70	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	70	20	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	70	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	70	22	day	day	NOUN
easat-9517	70	23	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	70	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	70	25	the	the	DET
easat-9517	70	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	70	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	71	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	71	2	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	71	3	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	71	4	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	71	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	71	6	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	71	7	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9517	71	8	to	to	PART
easat-9517	71	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	71	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	71	11	uphold	uphold	VERB
easat-9517	71	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	71	13	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	71	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	71	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	71	16	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	71	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	71	18	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	71	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	71	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	71	21	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	71	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	71	23	covering	cover	VERB
easat-9517	71	24	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-9517	71	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	71	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	71	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	71	28	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	71	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	71	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	71	31	the	the	DET
easat-9517	71	32	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	71	33	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-9517	71	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	72	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	72	2	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9517	72	3	does	do	AUX
easat-9517	72	4	not	not	PART
easat-9517	72	5	specify	specify	VERB
easat-9517	72	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	72	7	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-9517	72	8	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-9517	72	9	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	72	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	72	11	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	72	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	72	13	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9517	72	14	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	72	15	argue	argue	VERB
easat-9517	72	16	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	72	17	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	72	18	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	72	19	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	72	20	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-9517	72	21	defined	define	VERB
easat-9517	72	22	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	72	23	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9517	72	24	to	to	PART
easat-9517	72	25	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	72	26	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	72	27	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	72	28	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	72	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	73	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	73	2	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	73	3	recommended	recommend	VERB
easat-9517	73	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	73	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	73	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	73	7	other	other	ADJ
easat-9517	73	8	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	73	9	refer	refer	VERB
easat-9517	73	10	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	73	11	existing	exist	VERB
easat-9517	73	12	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9517	73	13	to	to	PART
easat-9517	73	14	establish	establish	VERB
easat-9517	73	15	a	a	DET
easat-9517	73	16	common	common	ADJ
easat-9517	73	17	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-9517	73	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	73	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	73	20	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	73	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	73	22	which	which	PRON
easat-9517	73	23	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	73	24	then	then	ADV
easat-9517	73	25	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	73	26	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	73	27	to	to	PART
easat-9517	73	28	shape	shape	VERB
easat-9517	73	29	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	73	30	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	73	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	73	32	distribute	distribute	VERB
easat-9517	73	33	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	73	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	73	35	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	73	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	74	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-9517	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	74	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	74	4	level	level	NOUN
easat-9517	74	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	74	6	consensus	consensus	NOUN
easat-9517	74	7	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	74	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	74	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	74	10	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	74	11	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	74	12	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-9517	74	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	74	14	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	74	15	warrants	warrant	NOUN
easat-9517	74	16	further	further	ADJ
easat-9517	74	17	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-9517	74	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	75	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-9517	75	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	76	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	76	2	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	76	3	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-9517	76	4	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	76	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	76	6	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	76	7	there	there	PRON
easat-9517	76	8	were	be	VERB
easat-9517	76	9	several	several	ADJ
easat-9517	76	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	76	11	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	76	12	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	76	13	nationally	nationally	ADV
easat-9517	76	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	76	15	internationally	internationally	ADV
easat-9517	76	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	77	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
easat-9517	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	77	3	zainal	zainal	PROPN
easat-9517	77	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	77	5	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	77	6	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	77	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	78	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	78	2	11	11	NUM
easat-9517	78	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	78	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	78	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	78	6	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	78	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	78	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	78	9	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	78	10	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	78	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	78	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	78	13	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	78	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	78	15	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-9517	78	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	79	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	79	2	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9517	79	3	distinction	distinction	NOUN
easat-9517	79	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	79	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	79	6	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	79	7	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	79	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	79	9	between	between	ADP
easat-9517	79	10	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	79	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	79	12	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-9517	79	13	lies	lie	VERB
easat-9517	79	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	79	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	79	16	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9517	79	17	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	79	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	80	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	80	2	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	80	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	80	4	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	80	5	must	must	AUX
easat-9517	80	6	pass	pass	VERB
easat-9517	80	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	80	8	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-9517	80	9	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	80	10	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	80	11	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	80	12	considered	consider	VERB
easat-9517	80	13	an	an	DET
easat-9517	80	14	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	80	15	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-9517	80	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	81	1	conversely	conversely	ADV
easat-9517	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	81	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	81	4	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-9517	81	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	81	6	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	81	7	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	81	8	encouraged	encourage	VERB
easat-9517	81	9	to	to	PART
easat-9517	81	10	embody	embody	VERB
easat-9517	81	11	historical	historical	ADJ
easat-9517	81	12	values	value	NOUN
easat-9517	81	13	without	without	ADP
easat-9517	81	14	receiving	receive	VERB
easat-9517	81	15	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	81	16	grades	grade	NOUN
easat-9517	81	17	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	81	18	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9517	81	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	82	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
easat-9517	82	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	82	3	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	82	4	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	82	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-9517	82	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	82	7	analyse	analyse	VERB
easat-9517	82	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	82	9	compare	compare	VERB
easat-9517	82	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	82	11	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-9517	82	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	82	13	these	these	DET
easat-9517	82	14	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	82	15	countries	country	NOUN
easat-9517	82	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	83	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	83	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9517	83	3	made	make	VERB
easat-9517	83	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	83	5	this	this	DET
easat-9517	83	6	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-9517	83	7	enables	enable	VERB
easat-9517	83	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	83	9	scholars	scholar	NOUN
easat-9517	83	10	to	to	PART
easat-9517	83	11	see	see	VERB
easat-9517	83	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	83	13	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9517	83	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	83	15	ways	way	NOUN
easat-9517	83	16	to	to	PART
easat-9517	83	17	improve	improve	VERB
easat-9517	83	18	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9517	83	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	83	20	both	both	DET
easat-9517	83	21	countries	country	NOUN
easat-9517	83	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	84	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	84	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9517	84	3	gave	give	VERB
easat-9517	84	4	ideas	idea	NOUN
easat-9517	84	5	to	to	PART
easat-9517	84	6	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	84	7	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	84	8	'	'	PART
easat-9517	84	9	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9517	84	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	84	11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9517	84	12	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	84	13	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	84	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	84	15	translate	translate	VERB
easat-9517	84	16	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	84	17	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	84	18	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	84	19	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9517	84	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	85	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	85	2	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-9517	85	3	served	serve	VERB
easat-9517	85	4	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	85	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	85	6	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-9517	85	7	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	85	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	85	9	upcoming	upcoming	ADJ
easat-9517	85	10	scholars	scholar	NOUN
easat-9517	85	11	seeking	seek	VERB
easat-9517	85	12	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9517	85	13	into	into	ADP
easat-9517	85	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	85	15	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	85	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	85	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	85	18	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	85	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	85	20	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-9517	85	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	85	22	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	85	23	the	the	DET
easat-9517	85	24	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-9517	85	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	85	26	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	85	27	the	the	DET
easat-9517	85	28	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	85	29	experience	experience	NOUN
easat-9517	85	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	85	31	both	both	DET
easat-9517	85	32	nations	nation	NOUN
easat-9517	85	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	86	1	followed	follow	VERB
easat-9517	86	2	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	86	3	another	another	DET
easat-9517	86	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	86	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	86	6	mohammad	mohammad	PROPN
easat-9517	86	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	86	8	ismail	ismail	PROPN
easat-9517	86	9	[	[	X
easat-9517	86	10	12	12	NUM
easat-9517	86	11	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	86	12	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	86	13	to	to	PART
easat-9517	86	14	make	make	VERB
easat-9517	86	15	judgments	judgment	NOUN
easat-9517	86	16	about	about	ADP
easat-9517	86	17	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-9517	86	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	86	19	vocational	vocational	ADJ
easat-9517	86	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	86	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	86	22	training	training	NOUN
easat-9517	86	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	86	24	tvet	tvet	NOUN
easat-9517	86	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	86	26	systems	system	NOUN
easat-9517	86	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	86	28	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	86	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	86	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
easat-9517	86	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	87	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	87	2	idea	idea	NOUN
easat-9517	87	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	87	4	to	to	PART
easat-9517	87	5	see	see	VERB
easat-9517	87	6	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	87	7	makes	make	VERB
easat-9517	87	8	malaysian	malaysian	ADJ
easat-9517	87	9	system	system	NOUN
easat-9517	87	10	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	87	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	87	12	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	87	13	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
easat-9517	87	14	addressed	address	VERB
easat-9517	87	15	its	its	PRON
easat-9517	87	16	tvet	tvet	NOUN
easat-9517	87	17	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-9517	87	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	88	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	88	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	88	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-9517	88	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	88	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	88	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	88	7	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	88	8	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
easat-9517	88	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	88	10	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	88	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	88	12	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	88	13	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	88	14	centered	center	VERB
easat-9517	88	15	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	88	16	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9517	88	17	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
easat-9517	88	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	88	19	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ
easat-9517	88	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	88	21	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-9517	88	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	88	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	88	24	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-9517	88	25	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
easat-9517	88	26	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	88	27	a	a	DET
easat-9517	88	28	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-9517	88	29	commitment	commitment	NOUN
easat-9517	88	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	88	31	dedication	dedication	NOUN
easat-9517	88	32	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	88	33	god	god	PROPN
easat-9517	88	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	89	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	89	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-9517	89	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	89	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	89	5	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	89	6	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
easat-9517	89	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	89	8	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	89	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	89	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
easat-9517	89	11	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	89	12	primarily	primarily	ADV
easat-9517	89	13	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9517	89	14	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	89	15	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
easat-9517	89	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	89	17	physical	physical	ADJ
easat-9517	89	18	advancement	advancement	NOUN
easat-9517	89	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	90	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	90	2	tvet	tvet	NOUN
easat-9517	90	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	90	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	90	5	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	90	6	incorporates	incorporate	VERB
easat-9517	90	7	employability	employability	NOUN
easat-9517	90	8	979	979	NUM
easat-9517	90	9	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	90	10	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	90	11	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	90	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	90	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	90	14	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	90	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	90	16	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	90	17	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	90	18	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	90	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	90	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	91	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	91	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	91	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	91	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	91	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	91	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	91	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	91	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	91	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	91	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	91	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	91	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	91	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	91	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	91	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	92	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	92	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	92	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	92	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	92	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	92	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	92	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	92	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	92	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	92	10	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	92	11	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	92	12	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	92	13	core	core	NOUN
easat-9517	92	14	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	92	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	92	16	generic	generic	ADJ
easat-9517	92	17	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	92	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	92	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	92	20	personal	personal	ADJ
easat-9517	92	21	attributes	attribute	NOUN
easat-9517	92	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	92	23	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
easat-9517	92	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	92	25	tvet	tvet	NOUN
easat-9517	92	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	92	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	92	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
easat-9517	92	29	lacks	lack	VERB
easat-9517	92	30	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9517	92	31	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	92	32	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	92	33	employability	employability	NOUN
easat-9517	92	34	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	92	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	93	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	93	2	disparity	disparity	NOUN
easat-9517	93	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	93	4	tvet	tvet	NOUN
easat-9517	93	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	93	6	may	may	AUX
easat-9517	93	7	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	93	8	contributed	contribute	VERB
easat-9517	93	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	93	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	93	11	high	high	ADJ
easat-9517	93	12	incidence	incidence	NOUN
easat-9517	93	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	93	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
easat-9517	93	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	93	16	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
easat-9517	93	17	rates	rate	NOUN
easat-9517	93	18	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	93	19	all	all	DET
easat-9517	93	20	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	93	21	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	93	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	93	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
easat-9517	93	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	94	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
easat-9517	94	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	94	3	paramasivam	paramasivam	VERB
easat-9517	94	4	[	[	X
easat-9517	94	5	13	13	NUM
easat-9517	94	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	94	7	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	94	8	examined	examine	VERB
easat-9517	94	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	94	10	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	94	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	94	12	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	94	13	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	94	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	94	15	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	94	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	94	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	94	18	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	94	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	94	20	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	94	21	year	year	NOUN
easat-9517	94	22	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	94	23	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9517	94	24	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9517	94	25	standard	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	94	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	94	27	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	94	28	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	94	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	95	1	a	a	DET
easat-9517	95	2	total	total	NOUN
easat-9517	95	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	95	4	28	28	NUM
easat-9517	95	5	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	95	6	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	95	7	interviewed	interview	VERB
easat-9517	95	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	95	9	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	95	10	officers	officer	NOUN
easat-9517	95	11	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	95	12	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
easat-9517	95	13	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	95	14	division	division	NOUN
easat-9517	95	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	95	16	state	state	NOUN
easat-9517	95	17	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	95	18	department	department	NOUN
easat-9517	95	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	95	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	95	21	district	district	NOUN
easat-9517	95	22	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	95	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	96	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	96	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-9517	96	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9517	96	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	96	5	certain	certain	ADJ
easat-9517	96	6	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	96	7	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	96	8	continue	continue	VERB
easat-9517	96	9	to	to	PART
easat-9517	96	10	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9517	96	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	96	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	96	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9517	96	14	one	one	NUM
easat-9517	96	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	96	16	way	way	NOUN
easat-9517	96	17	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	96	18	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	96	19	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	96	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	96	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	96	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	96	23	without	without	ADP
easat-9517	96	24	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	96	25	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	96	26	values	value	NOUN
easat-9517	96	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	96	28	norms	norm	NOUN
easat-9517	96	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	96	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	96	31	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	96	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	97	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9517	97	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-9517	97	3	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
easat-9517	97	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	97	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	97	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	97	7	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	97	8	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	97	9	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9517	97	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	97	11	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	97	12	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	97	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	97	14	overseeing	oversee	VERB
easat-9517	97	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	97	16	modifications	modification	NOUN
easat-9517	97	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	97	18	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	97	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	98	1	further	far	ADV
easat-9517	98	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	98	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	98	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9517	98	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	98	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	98	7	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	98	8	does	do	AUX
easat-9517	98	9	not	not	PART
easat-9517	98	10	have	have	VERB
easat-9517	98	11	an	an	DET
easat-9517	98	12	explicit	explicit	ADJ
easat-9517	98	13	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	98	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	98	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	98	16	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	98	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	98	18	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	98	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	99	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-9517	99	2	concluded	conclude	VERB
easat-9517	99	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	99	4	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	99	5	will	will	AUX
easat-9517	99	6	more	more	ADV
easat-9517	99	7	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	99	8	if	if	SCONJ
easat-9517	99	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	99	10	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	99	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	99	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	99	13	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	99	14	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	99	15	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-9517	99	16	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	99	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	99	18	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	99	19	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	99	20	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	99	21	explained	explain	VERB
easat-9517	99	22	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	99	23	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	99	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	99	25	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9517	99	26	the	the	DET
easat-9517	99	27	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	99	28	so	so	SCONJ
easat-9517	99	29	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	99	30	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	99	31	have	have	VERB
easat-9517	99	32	a	a	DET
easat-9517	99	33	better	well	ADJ
easat-9517	99	34	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9517	99	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	99	36	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-9517	99	37	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	99	38	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-9517	99	39	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	99	40	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	99	41	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	99	42	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	99	43	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	99	44	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	99	45	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	99	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	100	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	100	2	addition	addition	NOUN
easat-9517	100	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	100	4	sathappan	sathappan	ADJ
easat-9517	100	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	100	6	gurusamy	gurusamy	NOUN
easat-9517	100	7	[	[	X
easat-9517	100	8	14	14	NUM
easat-9517	100	9	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	100	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	100	11	results	result	NOUN
easat-9517	100	12	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	100	13	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	100	14	both	both	DET
easat-9517	100	15	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	100	16	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	100	17	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	100	18	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-9517	100	19	subject	subject	ADJ
easat-9517	100	20	matter	matter	NOUN
easat-9517	100	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	100	22	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9517	100	23	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	100	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	100	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	100	26	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9517	100	27	training	training	NOUN
easat-9517	100	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	101	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	101	3	both	both	DET
easat-9517	101	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	101	5	agree	agree	VERB
easat-9517	101	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	101	7	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	101	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	101	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	101	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	101	11	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	101	12	led	lead	VERB
easat-9517	101	13	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	101	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	101	15	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	101	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	101	17	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	101	18	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	101	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	101	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	102	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	102	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	102	3	foresees	foresee	VERB
easat-9517	102	4	further	further	ADJ
easat-9517	102	5	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9517	102	6	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	102	7	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	102	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	102	9	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	102	10	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	102	11	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	102	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	102	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	102	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	102	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	102	16	future	future	NOUN
easat-9517	102	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	103	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
easat-9517	103	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	103	3	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	103	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-9517	103	5	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9517	103	6	more	more	ADJ
easat-9517	103	7	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9517	103	8	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9517	103	9	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	103	10	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	103	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	104	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-9517	104	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	104	3	a	a	DET
easat-9517	104	4	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	104	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	104	6	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	104	7	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	104	8	tesl	tesl	PROPN
easat-9517	104	9	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	104	10	offered	offer	VERB
easat-9517	104	11	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	104	12	several	several	ADJ
easat-9517	104	13	public	public	ADJ
easat-9517	104	14	universities	university	NOUN
easat-9517	104	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	104	16	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	104	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	104	18	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9517	104	19	common	common	ADJ
easat-9517	104	20	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9517	104	21	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	104	22	these	these	DET
easat-9517	104	23	universities	university	NOUN
easat-9517	104	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	104	25	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	104	26	the	the	DET
easat-9517	104	27	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-9517	104	28	strengths	strength	NOUN
easat-9517	104	29	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	104	30	each	each	DET
easat-9517	104	31	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	104	32	[	[	X
easat-9517	104	33	15	15	NUM
easat-9517	104	34	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	104	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	105	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	105	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9517	105	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	105	4	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9517	105	5	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	105	6	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	105	7	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-9517	105	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	105	9	po	po	NOUN
easat-9517	105	10	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	105	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	105	12	core	core	NOUN
easat-9517	105	13	courses	course	NOUN
easat-9517	105	14	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	105	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	105	16	discipline	discipline	NOUN
easat-9517	105	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	105	18	delivery	delivery	NOUN
easat-9517	105	19	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	105	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	105	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	105	22	assessment	assessment	NOUN
easat-9517	105	23	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	105	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	106	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	106	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	106	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9517	106	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	106	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	106	6	not	not	PART
easat-9517	106	7	all	all	DET
easat-9517	106	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	106	9	universities	university	NOUN
easat-9517	106	10	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	106	11	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9517	106	12	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	106	13	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	106	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	106	15	smart	smart	ADJ
easat-9517	106	16	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9517	106	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	106	18	conducting	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	106	19	student	student	NOUN
easat-9517	106	20	assessments	assessment	NOUN
easat-9517	106	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	107	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
easat-9517	107	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	107	3	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	107	4	showed	show	VERB
easat-9517	107	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	107	6	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	107	7	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	107	8	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	107	9	reform	reform	VERB
easat-9517	107	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	107	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	107	12	to	to	PART
easat-9517	107	13	meet	meet	VERB
easat-9517	107	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	107	15	demand	demand	NOUN
easat-9517	107	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	107	17	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	107	18	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-9517	107	19	4.0	4.0	NUM
easat-9517	107	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	108	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
easat-9517	108	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	109	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9517	109	2	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9517	109	3	this	this	DET
easat-9517	109	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	109	5	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	109	6	underpinned	underpin	VERB
easat-9517	109	7	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	109	8	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	109	9	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9517	109	10	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	109	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	109	12	weber	weber	PROPN
easat-9517	109	13	’s	’s	PROPN
easat-9517	109	14	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	109	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	109	16	1996	1996	NUM
easat-9517	109	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	109	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	109	19	lewin	lewin	PROPN
easat-9517	109	20	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	109	21	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	109	22	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-9517	109	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	110	1	weber	weber	PROPN
easat-9517	110	2	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	110	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	110	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	110	5	adapted	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	110	6	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	110	7	murphy	murphy	PROPN
easat-9517	111	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	111	2	16	16	NUM
easat-9517	111	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	111	4	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	111	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	111	6	need	need	NOUN
easat-9517	111	7	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	111	8	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-9517	111	9	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	111	10	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	111	11	all	all	DET
easat-9517	111	12	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	111	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	111	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	111	15	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	111	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	111	17	including	include	VERB
easat-9517	111	18	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	111	19	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	111	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9517	112	2	originally	originally	ADV
easat-9517	112	3	centered	center	VERB
easat-9517	112	4	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	112	5	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	112	6	principals	principal	NOUN
easat-9517	112	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	112	9	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	112	10	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	112	11	applicable	applicable	ADJ
easat-9517	112	12	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	112	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	112	14	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	112	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	112	16	universities	university	NOUN
easat-9517	112	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	112	18	colleges	college	NOUN
easat-9517	112	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	20	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	112	21	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	112	22	too	too	ADV
easat-9517	112	23	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	112	24	responsible	responsible	ADJ
easat-9517	112	25	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	112	26	defining	define	VERB
easat-9517	112	27	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	112	28	mission	mission	NOUN
easat-9517	112	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	30	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	112	31	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	112	32	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	112	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	34	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9517	112	35	a	a	DET
easat-9517	112	36	positive	positive	ADJ
easat-9517	112	37	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	112	38	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-9517	112	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	40	overseeing	oversee	VERB
easat-9517	112	41	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	112	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	112	43	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	112	44	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	112	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	112	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	112	47	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-9517	112	48	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	112	49	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9517	112	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	113	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	113	2	domains	domain	NOUN
easat-9517	113	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	113	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9517	113	5	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-9517	113	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	113	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	113	8	context	context	NOUN
easat-9517	113	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	113	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	113	11	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	113	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	113	13	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9517	113	14	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	113	15	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	113	16	play	play	VERB
easat-9517	113	17	a	a	DET
easat-9517	113	18	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9517	113	19	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	113	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	113	21	guiding	guiding	NOUN
easat-9517	113	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	113	23	supporting	support	VERB
easat-9517	113	24	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	113	25	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	113	26	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	113	27	transitions	transition	NOUN
easat-9517	113	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	114	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	114	2	parallel	parallel	NOUN
easat-9517	114	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	114	4	lewin	lewin	PROPN
easat-9517	114	5	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	114	6	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	114	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	114	8	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-9517	114	9	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	114	10	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	114	11	[	[	X
easat-9517	114	12	17	17	NUM
easat-9517	114	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	114	14	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	114	15	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	114	16	to	to	PART
easat-9517	114	17	frame	frame	VERB
easat-9517	114	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	114	19	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	114	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	114	21	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	114	22	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	114	23	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	114	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	115	1	lewin	lewin	PROPN
easat-9517	115	2	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	115	3	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	115	4	offers	offer	VERB
easat-9517	115	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	115	6	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	115	7	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	115	8	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	115	9	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	115	10	help	help	VERB
easat-9517	115	11	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	115	12	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	115	13	understand	understand	VERB
easat-9517	115	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	115	15	manage	manage	VERB
easat-9517	115	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	115	17	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-9517	115	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	115	19	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	115	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	115	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	115	22	operational	operational	ADJ
easat-9517	115	23	aspects	aspect	NOUN
easat-9517	115	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	115	25	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	115	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	116	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	116	2	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	116	3	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	116	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	116	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	116	6	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	116	7	often	often	ADV
easat-9517	116	8	requires	require	VERB
easat-9517	116	9	breaking	break	VERB
easat-9517	116	10	away	away	ADV
easat-9517	116	11	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	116	12	entrenched	entrenched	ADJ
easat-9517	116	13	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
easat-9517	116	14	norms	norm	NOUN
easat-9517	116	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	116	16	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9517	116	17	traditions	tradition	NOUN
easat-9517	116	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	116	19	making	make	VERB
easat-9517	116	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	116	21	unfreezing	unfreezing	ADJ
easat-9517	116	22	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-9517	116	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9517	116	24	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-9517	116	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	117	1	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	117	2	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	117	3	must	must	AUX
easat-9517	117	4	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	117	5	able	able	ADJ
easat-9517	117	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	117	7	clearly	clearly	ADV
easat-9517	117	8	articulate	articulate	VERB
easat-9517	117	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	117	10	need	need	NOUN
easat-9517	117	11	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	117	12	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	117	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	117	14	create	create	VERB
easat-9517	117	15	a	a	DET
easat-9517	117	16	shared	share	VERB
easat-9517	117	17	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-9517	117	18	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	117	19	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	117	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	117	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	117	22	support	support	VERB
easat-9517	117	23	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	117	24	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	117	25	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	117	26	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	117	27	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	117	28	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	117	29	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	117	30	curricular	curricular	ADJ
easat-9517	117	31	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9517	117	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	118	1	thus	thus	ADV
easat-9517	118	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	118	3	these	these	DET
easat-9517	118	4	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	118	5	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	118	6	together	together	ADV
easat-9517	118	7	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9517	118	8	a	a	DET
easat-9517	118	9	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9517	118	10	lens	lens	NOUN
easat-9517	118	11	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	118	12	which	which	PRON
easat-9517	118	13	to	to	PART
easat-9517	118	14	examine	examine	VERB
easat-9517	118	15	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	118	16	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	118	17	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	118	18	initiate	initiate	VERB
easat-9517	118	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	118	20	navigate	navigate	VERB
easat-9517	118	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	118	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	118	23	sustain	sustain	VERB
easat-9517	118	24	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	118	25	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	118	26	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	118	27	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	118	28	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	118	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	119	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	119	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9517	119	3	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9517	119	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	119	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	119	6	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9517	119	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	119	8	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	119	9	preparedness	preparedness	NOUN
easat-9517	119	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	119	11	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	119	12	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	119	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	119	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	119	15	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	119	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	119	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	119	18	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	119	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	119	20	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	119	21	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	119	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	119	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	119	24	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	119	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	120	1	980	980	NUM
easat-9517	120	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	120	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	120	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	120	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	120	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	120	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	120	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	120	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	120	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	120	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	120	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	120	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	121	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	121	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	121	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	121	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	121	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	121	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	121	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	121	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	121	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	121	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	121	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	121	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	121	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	121	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	121	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	121	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	122	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	122	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	122	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	122	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	122	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	122	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	122	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	122	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	122	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	122	10	3	3	PROPN
easat-9517	122	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	122	12	methodology	methodology	PROPN
easat-9517	122	13	3.1	3.1	NUM
easat-9517	122	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	123	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	123	2	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	123	3	this	this	DET
easat-9517	123	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	123	5	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	123	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	123	7	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
easat-9517	123	8	multiple‑case	multiple‑case	PROPN
easat-9517	123	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	123	10	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	123	11	[	[	X
easat-9517	123	12	18	18	NUM
easat-9517	123	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	123	14	utilizing	utilize	VERB
easat-9517	123	15	an	an	DET
easat-9517	123	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	123	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	123	18	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9517	123	19	interview	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	123	20	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	123	21	situated	situate	VERB
easat-9517	123	22	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	123	23	the	the	DET
easat-9517	123	24	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	123	25	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
easat-9517	123	26	[	[	X
easat-9517	123	27	19	19	NUM
easat-9517	123	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	123	29	to	to	PART
easat-9517	123	30	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9517	123	31	the	the	DET
easat-9517	123	32	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	123	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	123	34	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	123	35	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	123	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	123	37	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	123	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	123	39	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	123	40	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	123	41	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	123	42	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	123	43	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	123	44	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	123	45	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	123	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	1	a	a	DET
easat-9517	124	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	124	3	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-9517	124	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	5	case	case	NOUN
easat-9517	124	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	124	7	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	124	8	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	124	9	most	most	ADV
easat-9517	124	10	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-9517	124	11	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	124	12	this	this	DET
easat-9517	124	13	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	124	14	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	124	15	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	124	16	intended	intend	VERB
easat-9517	124	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	124	18	gain	gain	VERB
easat-9517	124	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	124	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	21	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9517	124	22	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9517	124	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	124	24	real	real	ADJ
easat-9517	124	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	26	world	world	NOUN
easat-9517	124	27	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-9517	124	28	[	[	X
easat-9517	124	29	19	19	NUM
easat-9517	124	30	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	31	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	124	32	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-9517	124	33	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	124	34	cross	cross	ADJ
easat-9517	124	35	-	-	NOUN
easat-9517	124	36	case	case	ADJ
easat-9517	124	37	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9517	124	38	[	[	X
easat-9517	124	39	20	20	NUM
easat-9517	124	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	41	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9517	124	42	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN
easat-9517	124	43	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	124	44	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-9517	124	45	emerging	emerge	VERB
easat-9517	124	46	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-9517	124	47	[	[	X
easat-9517	124	48	21	21	NUM
easat-9517	124	49	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	50	as	as	ADV
easat-9517	124	51	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	124	52	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	124	53	contextualized	contextualize	VERB
easat-9517	124	54	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	124	55	[	[	X
easat-9517	124	56	18	18	NUM
easat-9517	124	57	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	124	58	related	relate	VERB
easat-9517	124	59	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	124	60	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	124	61	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	124	62	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	124	63	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	124	64	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	124	65	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	124	66	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	124	67	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	124	68	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	124	69	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	124	70	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	124	71	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	124	72	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	124	73	to	to	PART
easat-9517	124	74	gain	gain	VERB
easat-9517	124	75	contextualized	contextualized	ADJ
easat-9517	124	76	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9517	124	77	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	125	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
easat-9517	125	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	126	1	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9517	126	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	126	3	selected	select	VERB
easat-9517	126	4	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	126	5	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	126	6	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	126	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	126	8	hies	hie	NOUN
easat-9517	126	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	126	10	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	126	11	private	private	ADJ
easat-9517	126	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	126	13	mature	mature	ADJ
easat-9517	126	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	126	15	operating	operate	VERB
easat-9517	126	16	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	126	17	more	more	ADJ
easat-9517	126	18	than	than	ADP
easat-9517	126	19	twenty	twenty	NUM
easat-9517	126	20	years	year	NOUN
easat-9517	126	21	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	126	22	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-9517	126	23	five	five	NUM
easat-9517	126	24	thousand	thousand	NUM
easat-9517	126	25	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	126	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	127	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	127	2	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	127	3	heis	heis	NOUN
easat-9517	127	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	127	5	purposely	purposely	ADV
easat-9517	127	6	selected	select	VERB
easat-9517	127	7	to	to	PART
easat-9517	127	8	gain	gain	VERB
easat-9517	127	9	further	further	ADJ
easat-9517	127	10	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9517	127	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	127	12	to	to	PART
easat-9517	127	13	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9517	127	14	immediate	immediate	ADJ
easat-9517	127	15	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-9517	127	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	127	17	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9517	127	18	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-9517	127	19	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	127	20	future	future	ADJ
easat-9517	127	21	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	127	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	128	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	128	2	target	target	NOUN
easat-9517	128	3	population	population	NOUN
easat-9517	128	4	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	128	5	this	this	DET
easat-9517	128	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	128	7	comprised	comprise	VERB
easat-9517	128	8	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	128	9	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	128	10	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	128	11	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	128	12	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	128	13	different	different	ADJ
easat-9517	128	14	hies	hie	NOUN
easat-9517	128	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	128	16	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	128	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	129	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	129	2	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9517	129	3	plays	play	VERB
easat-9517	129	4	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	129	5	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	129	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	129	7	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	129	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	129	9	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	129	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	129	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	129	12	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	129	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	129	14	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	129	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	129	16	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	129	17	heis	heis	NOUN
easat-9517	129	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	130	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	130	2	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9517	130	3	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	130	4	selected	select	VERB
easat-9517	130	5	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	130	6	purposive	purposive	NOUN
easat-9517	130	7	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-9517	130	8	to	to	PART
easat-9517	130	9	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	130	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	130	11	selection	selection	NOUN
easat-9517	130	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	130	13	people	people	NOUN
easat-9517	130	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	130	15	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
easat-9517	130	16	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	130	17	will	will	AUX
easat-9517	130	18	better	well	ADV
easat-9517	130	19	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	130	20	able	able	ADJ
easat-9517	130	21	to	to	PART
easat-9517	130	22	assist	assist	VERB
easat-9517	130	23	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	130	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	130	25	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-9517	130	26	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	130	27	[	[	X
easat-9517	130	28	22	22	NUM
easat-9517	130	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	130	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	131	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	131	2	non	non	ADJ
easat-9517	131	3	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	131	4	probability	probability	ADJ
easat-9517	131	5	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-9517	131	6	technique	technique	NOUN
easat-9517	131	7	enabled	enable	VERB
easat-9517	131	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	131	9	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-9517	131	10	to	to	PART
easat-9517	131	11	intentionally	intentionally	ADV
easat-9517	131	12	choose	choose	VERB
easat-9517	131	13	individuals	individual	NOUN
easat-9517	131	14	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	131	15	met	meet	VERB
easat-9517	131	16	predefined	predefine	VERB
easat-9517	131	17	criteria	criterion	NOUN
easat-9517	131	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	131	19	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-9517	131	20	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	131	21	the	the	DET
easat-9517	131	22	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-9517	131	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	131	24	richness	richness	NOUN
easat-9517	131	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	131	26	the	the	DET
easat-9517	131	27	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	131	28	collected	collect	VERB
easat-9517	131	29	[	[	X
easat-9517	131	30	18	18	NUM
easat-9517	131	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	131	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	132	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
easat-9517	132	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	133	1	instrumentation	instrumentation	NOUN
easat-9517	133	2	open	open	ADV
easat-9517	133	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	133	4	ended	end	VERB
easat-9517	133	5	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	133	6	adapted	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	133	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	133	8	modified	modify	VERB
easat-9517	133	9	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	133	10	sim	sim	ADJ
easat-9517	133	11	poh	poh	PROPN
easat-9517	133	12	thong	thong	PROPN
easat-9517	133	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	133	14	chang	chang	PROPN
easat-9517	133	15	hui	hui	PROPN
easat-9517	133	16	chung	chung	PROPN
easat-9517	134	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	134	2	23	23	NUM
easat-9517	134	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	134	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	134	5	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	134	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	134	7	this	this	DET
easat-9517	134	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	134	9	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	134	10	data	data	NOUN
easat-9517	134	11	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-9517	134	12	purposes	purpose	NOUN
easat-9517	134	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	135	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	135	2	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	135	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	135	4	detailed	detail	VERB
easat-9517	135	5	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	135	6	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	135	7	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	135	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	135	9	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	135	10	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	135	11	.	.	X
easat-9517	135	12	list	list	NOUN
easat-9517	135	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	135	14	open	open	ADV
easat-9517	135	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	135	16	ended	end	VERB
easat-9517	135	17	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	135	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	136	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	136	2	questions(rq	questions(rq	PROPN
easat-9517	136	3	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	136	4	interview	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	136	5	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	136	6	interviewee	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	136	7	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	136	8	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9517	136	9	profile	profile	NOUN
easat-9517	136	10	question	question	NOUN
easat-9517	136	11	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	136	12	briefly	briefly	NOUN
easat-9517	136	13	describe	describe	VERB
easat-9517	136	14	your	your	PRON
easat-9517	136	15	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	136	16	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	136	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	136	18	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	136	19	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	136	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	136	21	your	your	PRON
easat-9517	136	22	university	university	NOUN
easat-9517	136	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	137	1	rq1	rq1	NOUN
easat-9517	137	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	137	3	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	137	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	137	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	137	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	137	7	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	137	8	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	137	9	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	137	10	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	137	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	137	12	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	137	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	137	14	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	137	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	137	16	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	137	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	137	18	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	137	19	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	137	20	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	137	21	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	137	22	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	137	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	138	1	question2	question2	NOUN
easat-9517	139	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	139	2	your	your	PRON
easat-9517	139	3	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	139	4	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	139	5	an	an	DET
easat-9517	139	6	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	139	7	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	139	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	139	9	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	139	10	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	139	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	139	12	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	139	13	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	139	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	139	15	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	139	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	139	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	139	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	139	19	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	139	20	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	139	21	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	139	22	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-9517	139	23	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	139	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	139	25	your	your	PRON
easat-9517	139	26	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	139	27	/	/	SYM
easat-9517	139	28	department	department	NOUN
easat-9517	139	29	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	140	1	rq2	rq2	NOUN
easat-9517	140	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	140	3	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	140	4	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	140	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	140	6	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	140	7	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	140	8	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	140	9	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	140	10	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	140	11	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	140	12	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	140	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	140	14	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	140	15	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	141	1	question	question	NOUN
easat-9517	141	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	141	3	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	141	4	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	141	5	some	some	DET
easat-9517	141	6	common	common	ADJ
easat-9517	141	7	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	141	8	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	141	9	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	141	10	you	you	PRON
easat-9517	141	11	encounter	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	141	12	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	141	13	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	141	14	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	141	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	141	16	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	141	17	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	142	1	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	142	2	you	you	PRON
easat-9517	142	3	share	share	VERB
easat-9517	142	4	an	an	DET
easat-9517	142	5	example	example	NOUN
easat-9517	142	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	142	7	a	a	DET
easat-9517	142	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9517	142	9	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-9517	142	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	142	11	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	142	12	project	project	NOUN
easat-9517	142	13	you	you	PRON
easat-9517	142	14	've	have	AUX
easat-9517	142	15	managed	manage	VERB
easat-9517	142	16	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	143	1	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-9517	143	2	follow	follow	NOUN
easat-9517	143	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	143	4	up	up	ADP
easat-9517	143	5	queries	query	NOUN
easat-9517	143	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	144	1	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	144	2	did	do	AUX
easat-9517	144	3	you	you	PRON
easat-9517	144	4	overcome	overcome	VERB
easat-9517	144	5	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	144	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	144	7	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-9517	144	8	success	success	NOUN
easat-9517	144	9	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	144	10	your	your	PRON
easat-9517	144	11	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-9517	144	12	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9517	145	1	3.4	3.4	NUM
easat-9517	145	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	145	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	145	4	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-9517	145	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	145	6	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	145	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	145	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	145	9	researcher	researcher	NOUN
easat-9517	145	10	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	145	11	semi	semi	ADJ
easat-9517	145	12	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	145	13	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	145	14	interviews	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	145	15	to	to	PART
easat-9517	145	16	gather	gather	VERB
easat-9517	145	17	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	145	18	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	145	19	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	145	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	145	21	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	145	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	146	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	146	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	146	3	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	146	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	146	5	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	146	6	google	google	PROPN
easat-9517	146	7	meet	meet	NOUN
easat-9517	146	8	application	application	NOUN
easat-9517	146	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	147	1	all	all	DET
easat-9517	147	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	147	3	interviews	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	147	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	147	5	video	video	NOUN
easat-9517	147	6	recorded	record	VERB
easat-9517	147	7	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	147	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	147	9	permission	permission	NOUN
easat-9517	147	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	147	11	all	all	DET
easat-9517	147	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	147	13	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9517	147	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	148	1	each	each	DET
easat-9517	148	2	interview	interview	NOUN
easat-9517	148	3	session	session	NOUN
easat-9517	148	4	lasted	last	VERB
easat-9517	148	5	approximately	approximately	ADV
easat-9517	148	6	40	40	NUM
easat-9517	148	7	to	to	PART
easat-9517	148	8	45	45	NUM
easat-9517	148	9	minutes	minute	NOUN
easat-9517	148	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	149	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	149	2	accordance	accordance	NOUN
easat-9517	149	3	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	149	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	149	5	agreement	agreement	NOUN
easat-9517	149	6	made	make	VERB
easat-9517	149	7	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	149	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	149	9	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9517	149	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	149	11	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	149	12	identities	identity	NOUN
easat-9517	149	13	will	will	AUX
easat-9517	149	14	remain	remain	VERB
easat-9517	149	15	confidential	confidential	ADJ
easat-9517	149	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	150	1	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	150	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	150	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	150	4	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	150	5	will	will	AUX
easat-9517	150	6	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	150	7	referred	refer	VERB
easat-9517	150	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	150	9	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	150	10	coded	code	VERB
easat-9517	150	11	identifiers	identifier	NOUN
easat-9517	150	12	[	[	X
easat-9517	150	13	24	24	NUM
easat-9517	150	14	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	150	15	namely	namely	ADV
easat-9517	150	16	interviewee	interviewee	VERB
easat-9517	150	17	981	981	NUM
easat-9517	150	18	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	150	19	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	150	20	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	150	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	150	22	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	150	23	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	150	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	150	25	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	150	26	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	150	27	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	150	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	150	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	151	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	151	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	151	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	151	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	151	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	151	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	151	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	151	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	151	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	151	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	151	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	151	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	151	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	151	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	151	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	151	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	152	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	152	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	152	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	152	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	152	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	152	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	152	7	licensee	licensee	NOUN
easat-9517	152	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	152	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	152	10	1,2,3	1,2,3	NUM
easat-9517	152	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	152	12	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	152	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	153	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	153	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	153	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	153	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	153	5	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-9517	153	6	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	153	7	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	153	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	153	9	sequence	sequence	NOUN
easat-9517	153	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	153	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	153	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	153	13	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	153	14	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	153	15	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9517	153	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	153	17	 	 	SPACE
easat-9517	153	18	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9517	153	19	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	153	20	reflexive	reflexive	ADJ
easat-9517	153	21	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9517	153	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	153	23	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	153	24	[	[	X
easat-9517	153	25	25	25	NUM
easat-9517	153	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	153	27	26	26	NUM
easat-9517	153	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	153	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	154	1	4	4	X
easat-9517	154	2	.	.	NUM
easat-9517	154	3	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	154	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	154	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-9517	154	6	first	first	ADV
easat-9517	154	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	154	8	foremost	foremost	ADV
easat-9517	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	154	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	154	11	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	154	12	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	154	13	asked	ask	VERB
easat-9517	154	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	154	15	describe	describe	VERB
easat-9517	154	16	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	154	17	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	154	18	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	154	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	154	20	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	154	21	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	154	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	154	23	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	154	24	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	154	25	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	154	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	155	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	155	2	shown	show	VERB
easat-9517	155	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	155	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	155	5	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	155	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	155	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	155	8	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	155	9	consistently	consistently	ADV
easat-9517	155	10	outlined	outline	VERB
easat-9517	155	11	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	155	12	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	155	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	155	14	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	155	15	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	155	16	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	155	17	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	155	18	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	155	19	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	155	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	155	21	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	155	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	156	1	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	156	2	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	156	3	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	156	4	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	156	5	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	156	6	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9517	156	7	guidance	guidance	NOUN
easat-9517	156	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	156	9	advice	advice	NOUN
easat-9517	156	10	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	156	11	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
easat-9517	156	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	156	13	other	other	ADJ
easat-9517	156	14	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	156	15	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	156	16	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	156	17	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	156	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	157	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	157	3	all	all	DET
easat-9517	157	4	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	157	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	157	6	subject	subject	ADJ
easat-9517	157	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	157	8	comparable	comparable	ADJ
easat-9517	157	9	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-9517	157	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	157	11	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	157	12	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	157	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	157	14	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	157	15	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	157	16	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	157	17	adherence	adherence	NOUN
easat-9517	157	18	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	157	19	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-9517	157	20	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	157	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	158	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	158	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	158	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	158	4	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	158	5	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9517	158	6	description	description	NOUN
easat-9517	158	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	158	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	158	9	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	158	10	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	158	11	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	158	12	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	158	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	1	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	159	2	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	159	3	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	159	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	159	5	hei	hei	PROPN
easat-9517	159	6	respondents	respondents	PROPN
easat-9517	159	7	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	8	description	description	NOUN
easat-9517	159	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	159	10	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	159	11	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	159	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	159	13	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	159	14	interviewee	interviewee	VERB
easat-9517	159	15	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	159	16	associate	associate	NOUN
easat-9517	159	17	dean	dean	NOUN
easat-9517	159	18	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	19	advise	advise	VERB
easat-9517	159	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	159	21	dean	dean	NOUN
easat-9517	159	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	159	23	head	head	NOUN
easat-9517	159	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	159	25	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	159	26	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	159	27	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	159	28	matters	matter	NOUN
easat-9517	159	29	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	159	30	require	require	VERB
easat-9517	159	31	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	159	32	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-9517	159	33	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	159	34	fulfil	fulfil	NOUN
easat-9517	159	35	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	159	36	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	159	37	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
easat-9517	159	38	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	159	39	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	159	40	bodies	body	NOUN
easat-9517	159	41	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	42	interviewee	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	159	43	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	159	44	programme	programme	NOUN
easat-9517	159	45	leader	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	159	46	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	47	my	my	PRON
easat-9517	159	48	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	159	49	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	159	50	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	159	51	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-9517	159	52	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	159	53	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
easat-9517	159	54	to	to	PART
easat-9517	159	55	meet	meet	VERB
easat-9517	159	56	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	159	57	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	159	58	internal	internal	ADJ
easat-9517	159	59	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	159	60	external	external	ADJ
easat-9517	159	61	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	159	62	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	63	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	159	64	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	159	65	head	head	NOUN
easat-9517	159	66	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	159	67	department	department	NOUN
easat-9517	159	68	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	159	69	my	my	PRON
easat-9517	159	70	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	159	71	involves	involve	VERB
easat-9517	159	72	overseeing	oversee	VERB
easat-9517	159	73	the	the	DET
easat-9517	159	74	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	159	75	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	159	76	review	review	NOUN
easat-9517	159	77	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	159	78	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	159	79	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	159	80	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	159	81	the	the	DET
easat-9517	159	82	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-9517	159	83	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	160	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	160	2	work	work	VERB
easat-9517	160	3	closely	closely	ADV
easat-9517	160	4	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	160	5	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	160	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	160	7	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	160	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	160	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	160	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	160	11	aligns	align	VERB
easat-9517	160	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	160	13	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	160	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	160	15	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	160	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	160	17	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	160	18	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9517	160	19	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	160	20	interviewee	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	160	21	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	160	22	deputy	deputy	NOUN
easat-9517	160	23	dean	dean	NOUN
easat-9517	160	24	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	160	25	my	my	PRON
easat-9517	160	26	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9517	160	27	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	160	28	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	160	29	to	to	PART
easat-9517	160	30	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9517	160	31	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	160	32	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-9517	160	33	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	160	34	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	160	35	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	160	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	160	37	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	160	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	161	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	161	2	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
easat-9517	161	3	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-9517	161	4	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	161	5	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-9517	161	6	members	member	NOUN
easat-9517	161	7	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	161	8	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	161	9	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	161	10	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	161	11	introduced	introduce	VERB
easat-9517	161	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	161	13	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	161	14	existing	exist	VERB
easat-9517	161	15	ones	one	NOUN
easat-9517	161	16	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	161	17	revised	revise	VERB
easat-9517	161	18	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	161	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	161	20	results	result	NOUN
easat-9517	161	21	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	161	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	161	23	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	161	24	affirmed	affirm	VERB
easat-9517	161	25	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	161	26	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-9517	161	27	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	161	28	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	161	29	guiding	guiding	NOUN
easat-9517	161	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	161	31	overseeing	oversee	VERB
easat-9517	161	32	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	161	33	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	161	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	161	35	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	161	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9517	162	2	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	162	3	apparent	apparent	ADJ
easat-9517	162	4	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	162	5	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	162	6	day	day	NOUN
easat-9517	162	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	162	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	10	day	day	NOUN
easat-9517	162	11	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	162	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	13	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	162	14	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	162	15	mentioned	mention	VERB
easat-9517	162	16	driving	drive	VERB
easat-9517	162	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	162	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	162	19	shaping	shape	VERB
easat-9517	162	20	organizational	organizational	ADJ
easat-9517	162	21	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-9517	162	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	23	empowering	empower	VERB
easat-9517	162	24	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	162	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	26	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-9517	162	27	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	162	28	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	162	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	162	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	162	31	regularly	regularly	ADV
easat-9517	162	32	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-9517	162	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	162	34	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	162	35	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	162	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	163	1	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	163	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	163	3	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	163	4	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	163	5	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9517	163	6	provided	provide	VERB
easat-9517	163	7	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	163	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	163	9	interviewees	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	163	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	163	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	163	12	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-9517	163	13	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	163	14	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	163	15	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	163	16	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-9517	163	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	163	18	past	past	ADJ
easat-9517	163	19	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	163	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	163	21	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	163	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	163	23	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	163	24	have	have	VERB
easat-9517	163	25	the	the	DET
easat-9517	163	26	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9517	163	27	to	to	PART
easat-9517	163	28	impact	impact	VERB
easat-9517	163	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	163	30	motivate	motivate	ADJ
easat-9517	163	31	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	163	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	164	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	164	2	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	164	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	164	4	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	164	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	164	6	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	164	7	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	164	8	organizations	organization	NOUN
easat-9517	164	9	to	to	PART
easat-9517	164	10	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
easat-9517	164	11	an	an	DET
easat-9517	164	12	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-9517	164	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	164	14	culture	culture	NOUN
easat-9517	164	15	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	164	16	promotes	promote	VERB
easat-9517	164	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	164	18	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	164	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	164	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	164	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	164	22	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	164	23	ideas	idea	NOUN
easat-9517	164	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	165	1	law	law	NOUN
easat-9517	166	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	166	2	27	27	NUM
easat-9517	166	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	166	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	166	5	funk	funk	NOUN
easat-9517	166	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	166	7	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	166	8	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	166	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	167	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	167	2	28	28	NUM
easat-9517	167	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	167	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	168	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-9517	168	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	168	3	leong	leong	PROPN
easat-9517	169	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	169	2	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	169	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	169	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	169	5	sim	sim	ADJ
easat-9517	169	6	poh	poh	PROPN
easat-9517	169	7	thong	thong	PROPN
easat-9517	169	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	169	9	chang	chang	PROPN
easat-9517	169	10	hui	hui	PROPN
easat-9517	169	11	chung	chung	PROPN
easat-9517	170	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	170	2	23	23	NUM
easat-9517	170	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	170	4	echoed	echo	VERB
easat-9517	170	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	170	6	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	170	7	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	170	8	important	important	ADJ
easat-9517	170	9	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9517	170	10	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	170	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	170	12	initiate	initiate	VERB
easat-9517	170	13	early	early	ADJ
easat-9517	170	14	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	170	15	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	170	16	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	170	17	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	170	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	170	19	offer	offer	VERB
easat-9517	170	20	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-9517	170	21	to	to	PART
easat-9517	170	22	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	170	23	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-9517	170	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	170	25	establish	establish	VERB
easat-9517	170	26	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9517	170	27	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	170	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	170	29	carry	carry	VERB
easat-9517	170	30	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	170	31	regular	regular	ADJ
easat-9517	170	32	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
easat-9517	170	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	170	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	170	35	conduct	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	170	36	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9517	170	37	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	170	38	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	170	39	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	170	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	170	41	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
easat-9517	170	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	171	1	hence	hence	ADV
easat-9517	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	171	3	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	171	4	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	171	5	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	171	6	claimed	claim	VERB
easat-9517	171	7	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	171	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	171	9	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	171	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	171	11	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	171	12	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	171	13	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	171	14	very	very	ADV
easat-9517	171	15	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9517	171	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	171	17	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	171	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	171	19	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	171	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	171	21	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	171	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	171	23	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	171	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	172	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
easat-9517	172	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	173	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	173	2	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-9517	173	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-9517	173	4	supported	support	VERB
easat-9517	173	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	173	6	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9517	173	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	173	8	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9517	173	9	reflective	reflective	PROPN
easat-9517	173	10	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9517	173	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	173	12	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	173	13	[	[	X
easat-9517	173	14	25	25	NUM
easat-9517	173	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	173	16	26	26	NUM
easat-9517	173	17	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	173	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	173	19	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	173	20	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	173	21	analysed	analyse	VERB
easat-9517	173	22	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	173	23	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	173	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	173	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	173	26	aim	aim	NOUN
easat-9517	173	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	173	28	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-9517	173	29	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	173	30	developed	develop	VERB
easat-9517	173	31	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	173	32	the	the	DET
easat-9517	173	33	codes	code	NOUN
easat-9517	173	34	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	173	35	the	the	DET
easat-9517	173	36	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	173	37	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9517	173	38	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	173	39	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9517	173	40	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	173	41	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	173	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	174	1	982	982	NUM
easat-9517	174	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	174	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	174	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	174	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	174	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	174	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	174	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	174	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	174	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	174	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	174	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	174	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	175	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	175	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	175	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	175	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	175	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	175	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	175	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	175	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	175	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	175	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	175	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	175	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	175	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	175	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	175	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	176	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	176	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	176	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	176	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	176	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	176	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	176	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	176	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	176	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	176	10	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9517	176	11	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	176	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	177	1	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	177	2	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-9517	177	3	developed	develop	VERB
easat-9517	177	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	178	1	theme	theme	NOUN
easat-9517	178	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	178	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	178	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	178	5	used	use	VERB
easat-9517	178	6	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	178	7	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	178	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	178	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	178	10	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	178	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	178	12	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	178	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	178	14	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	178	15	to	to	PART
easat-9517	178	16	address	address	VERB
easat-9517	178	17	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	178	18	question	question	NOUN
easat-9517	178	19	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	178	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	178	21	this	this	DET
easat-9517	178	22	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	178	23	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	178	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	178	25	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	178	26	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	178	27	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	178	28	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	178	29	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	178	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	178	31	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	178	32	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	178	33	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	178	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	178	35	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	178	36	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	178	37	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	178	38	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	178	39	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	178	40	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	178	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	179	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	179	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	179	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	179	4	visually	visually	ADV
easat-9517	179	5	summarized	summarize	VERB
easat-9517	179	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	179	7	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9517	179	8	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	179	9	below	below	ADV
easat-9517	179	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	180	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9517	180	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	180	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	181	1	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	181	2	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	181	3	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	181	4	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	181	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	181	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	182	1	interviewees	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	182	2	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	182	3	first	first	ADV
easat-9517	182	4	asked	ask	VERB
easat-9517	182	5	to	to	PART
easat-9517	182	6	describe	describe	VERB
easat-9517	182	7	one	one	NUM
easat-9517	182	8	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	182	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	182	10	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	182	11	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	182	12	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	182	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	182	14	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	182	15	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	182	16	/	/	SYM
easat-9517	182	17	department	department	NOUN
easat-9517	182	18	led	lead	VERB
easat-9517	182	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	182	20	them	they	PRON
easat-9517	182	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	183	1	interviewees	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	183	2	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
easat-9517	183	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	183	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	183	5	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9517	183	6	steps	step	NOUN
easat-9517	183	7	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	183	8	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	183	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	183	10	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	183	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	183	12	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	183	13	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	183	14	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	183	15	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	183	16	conducting	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	183	17	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-9517	183	18	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	183	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	183	20	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9517	183	21	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	183	22	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9517	183	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	183	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	183	25	adhering	adhere	VERB
easat-9517	183	26	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	183	27	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	183	28	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	183	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	184	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	184	2	shared	share	VERB
easat-9517	184	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	184	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9517	184	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	184	6	commitment	commitment	NOUN
easat-9517	184	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	184	8	maintaining	maintain	VERB
easat-9517	184	9	high	high	ADJ
easat-9517	184	10	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	184	11	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	184	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	184	13	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-9517	184	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	184	15	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	184	16	respective	respective	ADJ
easat-9517	184	17	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	184	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	185	1	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	185	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	185	3	stated	state	VERB
easat-9517	185	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	185	5	983	983	NUM
easat-9517	185	6	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	185	7	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	185	8	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	185	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	185	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	185	11	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	185	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	185	13	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	185	14	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	185	15	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	185	16	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	185	17	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	186	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	186	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	186	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	186	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	186	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	186	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	186	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	186	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	186	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	186	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	186	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	186	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	186	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	186	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	186	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	187	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	187	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	187	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	187	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	187	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	187	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	187	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	187	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	187	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	187	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	187	11	first	first	ADV
easat-9517	187	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	187	13	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	187	14	review	review	VERB
easat-9517	187	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	187	16	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	187	17	topics	topic	NOUN
easat-9517	187	18	typically	typically	ADV
easat-9517	187	19	covered	cover	VERB
easat-9517	187	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	187	21	an	an	DET
easat-9517	187	22	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-9517	187	23	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	187	24	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	187	25	pr	pr	NOUN
easat-9517	187	26	course	course	NOUN
easat-9517	187	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	188	1	then	then	ADV
easat-9517	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	188	3	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	188	4	compare	compare	VERB
easat-9517	188	5	syllabus	syllabus	NOUN
easat-9517	188	6	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	188	7	both	both	CCONJ
easat-9517	188	8	local	local	ADJ
easat-9517	188	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	188	10	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	188	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	188	12	to	to	PART
easat-9517	188	13	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9517	188	14	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-9517	188	15	content	content	NOUN
easat-9517	188	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	188	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9517	188	18	areas	area	NOUN
easat-9517	188	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	189	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	189	2	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	189	3	consider	consider	VERB
easat-9517	189	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	189	5	this	this	DET
easat-9517	189	6	course	course	NOUN
easat-9517	189	7	fits	fit	VERB
easat-9517	189	8	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	189	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	189	10	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-9517	189	11	public	public	ADJ
easat-9517	189	12	relations	relation	NOUN
easat-9517	189	13	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	189	14	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-9517	189	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	190	1	developing	develop	VERB
easat-9517	190	2	a	a	DET
easat-9517	190	3	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	190	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	190	5	rounded	round	VERB
easat-9517	190	6	syllabus	syllabus	NOUN
easat-9517	190	7	involves	involve	VERB
easat-9517	190	8	aligning	align	VERB
easat-9517	190	9	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	190	10	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	190	11	mqa	mqa	NOUN
easat-9517	190	12	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	190	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	190	14	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9517	190	15	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9517	190	16	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	190	17	mqa	mqa	NOUN
easat-9517	190	18	panelists	panelist	NOUN
easat-9517	190	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	190	20	officers	officer	NOUN
easat-9517	190	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	190	22	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	190	23	mandated	mandate	VERB
easat-9517	190	24	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	190	25	accredited	accredited	ADJ
easat-9517	190	26	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	190	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	190	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	191	1	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	191	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	191	3	stated	state	VERB
easat-9517	191	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	191	5	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	191	6	my	my	PRON
easat-9517	191	7	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	191	8	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9517	191	9	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	191	10	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	191	11	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	191	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	191	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	191	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	191	15	team	team	NOUN
easat-9517	191	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	192	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	192	2	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	192	3	initiated	initiate	VERB
easat-9517	192	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	192	5	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	192	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	192	7	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	192	8	encouraged	encourage	VERB
easat-9517	192	9	regular	regular	ADJ
easat-9517	192	10	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9517	192	11	sessions	session	NOUN
easat-9517	192	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	192	13	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	192	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	192	15	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9517	192	16	areas	area	NOUN
easat-9517	192	17	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	192	18	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-9517	192	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	193	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	193	2	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	193	3	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
easat-9517	193	4	workshops	workshop	NOUN
easat-9517	193	5	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9517	193	6	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	193	7	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-9517	193	8	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	193	9	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9517	193	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	193	11	aligned	align	VERB
easat-9517	193	12	our	our	PRON
easat-9517	193	13	syllabus	syllabus	NOUN
easat-9517	193	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	193	15	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	193	16	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-9517	193	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	194	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	194	2	believe	believe	VERB
easat-9517	194	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	194	4	bottom	bottom	ADJ
easat-9517	194	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	194	6	up	up	ADP
easat-9517	194	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	194	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	194	9	so	so	ADV
easat-9517	194	10	involving	involve	VERB
easat-9517	194	11	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	194	12	early	early	ADV
easat-9517	194	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	194	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	194	15	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	194	16	made	make	VERB
easat-9517	194	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	194	18	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-9517	194	19	smoother	smoother	ADV
easat-9517	194	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	194	21	fostered	foster	VERB
easat-9517	194	22	a	a	DET
easat-9517	194	23	sense	sense	NOUN
easat-9517	194	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	194	25	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-9517	194	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	194	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	195	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	195	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	195	3	showed	show	VERB
easat-9517	195	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	195	5	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	195	6	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	195	7	apply	apply	VERB
easat-9517	195	8	both	both	DET
easat-9517	195	9	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-9517	195	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	195	11	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	195	12	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	195	13	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	195	14	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	195	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	195	16	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	195	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	1	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	196	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	196	3	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	196	4	a	a	DET
easat-9517	196	5	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	196	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	7	informed	inform	VERB
easat-9517	196	8	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	196	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	10	involving	involve	VERB
easat-9517	196	11	syllabus	syllabus	ADJ
easat-9517	196	12	bench	bench	NOUN
easat-9517	196	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	14	marking	marking	NOUN
easat-9517	196	15	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	196	16	local	local	ADJ
easat-9517	196	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	196	18	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	196	19	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	196	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	196	21	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	196	22	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9517	196	23	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	196	24	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	196	25	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	196	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	27	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9517	196	28	those	those	PRON
easat-9517	196	29	set	set	VERB
easat-9517	196	30	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	196	31	the	the	DET
easat-9517	196	32	malaysian	malaysian	ADJ
easat-9517	196	33	qualifications	qualification	NOUN
easat-9517	196	34	agency	agency	NOUN
easat-9517	196	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	36	mqa	mqa	NOUN
easat-9517	196	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	196	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	197	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9517	197	2	indicates	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	197	3	a	a	DET
easat-9517	197	4	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	197	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	197	6	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	197	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	197	8	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9517	197	9	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	197	10	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	197	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	197	12	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	197	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	198	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
easat-9517	198	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	4	interviewee	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	198	5	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	198	6	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	198	7	a	a	DET
easat-9517	198	8	participatory	participatory	ADJ
easat-9517	198	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	10	team	team	NOUN
easat-9517	198	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	12	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	198	13	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	198	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	15	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9517	198	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	198	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	198	18	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	198	19	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9517	198	20	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	198	21	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	198	22	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	198	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	24	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9517	198	25	loops	loop	NOUN
easat-9517	198	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	198	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	198	28	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
easat-9517	198	29	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	198	30	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	198	31	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9517	198	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	199	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	199	2	bottom	bottom	ADJ
easat-9517	199	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	199	4	up	up	ADP
easat-9517	199	5	method	method	NOUN
easat-9517	199	6	promotes	promote	VERB
easat-9517	199	7	shared	share	VERB
easat-9517	199	8	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-9517	199	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	199	10	smoother	smooth	ADJ
easat-9517	199	11	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	199	12	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	199	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	199	14	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	199	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	200	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
easat-9517	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	200	3	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	200	4	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	200	5	stated	state	VERB
easat-9517	200	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	200	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	200	8	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	200	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	200	10	hod	hod	NOUN
easat-9517	200	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	200	12	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	200	13	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-9517	200	14	a	a	DET
easat-9517	200	15	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	200	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	200	17	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	200	18	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	200	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	201	1	first	first	ADV
easat-9517	201	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	201	3	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	201	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-9517	201	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	201	6	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9517	201	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	201	8	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	201	9	course	course	NOUN
easat-9517	201	10	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9517	201	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	201	12	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	201	13	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9517	201	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	202	1	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	202	2	then	then	ADV
easat-9517	202	3	formed	form	VERB
easat-9517	202	4	a	a	DET
easat-9517	202	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	202	6	task	task	NOUN
easat-9517	202	7	force	force	NOUN
easat-9517	202	8	comprising	comprise	VERB
easat-9517	202	9	senior	senior	ADJ
easat-9517	202	10	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	202	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	202	12	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	202	13	advisors	advisor	NOUN
easat-9517	202	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	202	15	guide	guide	VERB
easat-9517	202	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	202	17	redesign	redesign	NOUN
easat-9517	202	18	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	202	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	203	1	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	203	2	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	203	3	..	..	PUNCT
easat-9517	203	4	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9517	203	5	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	203	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	203	7	phased	phase	VERB
easat-9517	203	8	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	203	9	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	203	10	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	203	11	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	203	12	every	every	DET
easat-9517	203	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	203	14	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	203	15	member	member	NOUN
easat-9517	203	16	understood	understand	VERB
easat-9517	203	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	203	18	rationale	rationale	NOUN
easat-9517	203	19	behind	behind	ADP
easat-9517	203	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	203	21	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	203	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	203	23	received	receive	VERB
easat-9517	203	24	training	training	NOUN
easat-9517	203	25	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9517	203	26	needed	need	VERB
easat-9517	203	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	203	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
easat-9517	204	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	3	interviewee	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	204	4	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	204	5	mentioned	mention	VERB
easat-9517	204	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	8	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	204	9	a	a	DET
easat-9517	204	10	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	204	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	204	12	governance	governance	NOUN
easat-9517	204	13	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-9517	204	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	15	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	204	16	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	204	17	data	data	NOUN
easat-9517	204	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	19	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9517	204	20	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9517	204	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	204	22	making	making	NOUN
easat-9517	204	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	204	24	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-9517	204	25	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	204	26	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	204	27	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	204	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	1	my	my	PRON
easat-9517	205	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	205	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-9517	205	4	aligning	align	VERB
easat-9517	205	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	205	6	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	205	7	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	205	8	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	205	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	205	10	university	university	NOUN
easat-9517	205	11	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	205	12	long	long	ADJ
easat-9517	205	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	14	term	term	NOUN
easat-9517	205	15	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	205	16	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-9517	205	17	…	…	SYM
easat-9517	205	18	……	……	NOUN
easat-9517	205	19	..	..	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	20	i	i	PRON
easat-9517	205	21	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
easat-9517	205	22	between	between	ADP
easat-9517	205	23	faculties	faculty	NOUN
easat-9517	205	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	25	the	the	DET
easat-9517	205	26	senate	senate	PROPN
easat-9517	205	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	205	29	external	external	ADJ
easat-9517	205	30	panels	panel	NOUN
easat-9517	205	31	to	to	PART
easat-9517	205	32	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	205	33	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	205	34	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	205	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	36	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	205	37	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	205	38	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	205	39	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	205	40	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9517	205	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	205	42	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
easat-9517	205	43	modules	module	NOUN
easat-9517	205	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	45	met	meet	VERB
easat-9517	205	46	both	both	DET
easat-9517	205	47	internal	internal	ADJ
easat-9517	205	48	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	205	49	benchmarks	benchmark	NOUN
easat-9517	205	50	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	205	51	external	external	ADJ
easat-9517	205	52	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-9517	205	53	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	205	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	205	55	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	206	1	overall	overall	ADV
easat-9517	206	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	206	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	206	4	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9517	206	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	206	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	206	7	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	206	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	206	9	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-9517	206	10	a	a	DET
easat-9517	206	11	range	range	NOUN
easat-9517	206	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	206	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	206	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	206	15	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	206	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	206	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	206	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	206	19	each	each	PRON
easat-9517	206	20	shaped	shape	VERB
easat-9517	206	21	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	206	22	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	206	23	specific	specific	ADJ
easat-9517	206	24	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	206	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	206	26	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	206	27	within	within	ADP
easat-9517	206	28	the	the	DET
easat-9517	206	29	institution	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	206	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	207	1	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	207	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	207	3	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	207	4	level	level	NOUN
easat-9517	207	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	207	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	207	7	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-9517	207	8	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	207	9	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	207	10	content	content	NOUN
easat-9517	207	11	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-9517	207	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	207	13	bench	bench	NOUN
easat-9517	207	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	207	15	marking	marking	NOUN
easat-9517	207	16	against	against	ADP
easat-9517	207	17	local	local	ADJ
easat-9517	207	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	207	19	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	207	20	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	207	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	207	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	207	23	aligning	align	VERB
easat-9517	207	24	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	207	25	courses	course	NOUN
easat-9517	207	26	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	207	27	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	207	28	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-9517	207	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	207	30	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
easat-9517	207	31	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	207	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	208	1	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	208	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	208	3	participatory	participatory	ADJ
easat-9517	208	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	208	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	208	6	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	208	7	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	208	8	mid	mid	ADJ
easat-9517	208	9	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	208	10	level	level	ADJ
easat-9517	208	11	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	208	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	208	13	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	208	14	prioritized	prioritize	VERB
easat-9517	208	15	lecturer	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	208	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	208	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	208	18	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	208	19	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9517	208	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	208	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	208	22	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9517	208	23	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	208	24	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	208	25	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	208	26	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9517	208	27	to	to	PART
easat-9517	208	28	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	208	29	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	208	30	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	208	31	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	208	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	209	1	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	209	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	209	3	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-9517	209	4	level	level	NOUN
easat-9517	209	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	209	6	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	209	7	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	209	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	209	9	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	209	10	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-9517	209	11	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	209	12	needs	need	VERB
easat-9517	209	13	analyses	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	209	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	209	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	209	16	task	task	NOUN
easat-9517	209	17	forces	force	NOUN
easat-9517	209	18	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	209	19	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	209	20	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	209	21	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-9517	209	22	structured	structure	VERB
easat-9517	209	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	209	24	responsive	responsive	ADJ
easat-9517	209	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	209	26	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	209	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	210	1	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	210	2	the	the	DET
easat-9517	210	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	210	4	level	level	NOUN
easat-9517	210	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	210	6	senior	senior	ADJ
easat-9517	210	7	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	210	8	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	210	9	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	210	10	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9517	210	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	210	12	984	984	NUM
easat-9517	210	13	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	210	14	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	210	15	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	210	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	210	17	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	210	18	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	210	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	210	20	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	210	21	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	210	22	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	210	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	210	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	211	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	211	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	211	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	211	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	211	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	211	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	211	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	211	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	211	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	211	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	211	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	211	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	211	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	211	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	211	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	211	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	212	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	212	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	212	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	212	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	212	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	212	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	212	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	212	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	212	9	gate	gate	VERB
easat-9517	212	10	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-9517	212	11	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-9517	212	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	212	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	212	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	212	15	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9517	212	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	212	17	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	212	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	212	19	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	212	20	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	212	21	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	212	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	212	23	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	212	24	coherence	coherence	NOUN
easat-9517	212	25	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	212	26	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	212	27	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-9517	212	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	212	29	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	212	30	assurance	assurance	NOUN
easat-9517	212	31	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9517	212	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	1	overall	overall	ADV
easat-9517	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	213	4	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	213	5	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-9517	213	6	a	a	DET
easat-9517	213	7	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9517	213	8	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	213	9	tiered	tiered	ADJ
easat-9517	213	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	11	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-9517	213	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	213	14	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	213	15	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	213	16	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	213	17	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	213	18	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	213	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	213	21	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-9517	213	22	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-9517	213	23	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	213	24	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-9517	213	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	26	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	213	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	213	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	213	29	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	213	30	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	213	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	214	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	214	3	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	214	4	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	214	5	these	these	DET
easat-9517	214	6	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	214	7	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	214	8	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	214	9	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	214	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	11	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9517	214	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	214	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	14	interviewees	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	214	15	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	214	16	found	find	VERB
easat-9517	214	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	214	18	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	214	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	214	20	line	line	NOUN
easat-9517	214	21	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	214	22	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-9517	214	23	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	214	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	214	25	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9517	214	26	paramasivam	paramasivam	VERB
easat-9517	214	27	[	[	X
easat-9517	214	28	13	13	NUM
easat-9517	214	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	214	30	articulated	articulate	VERB
easat-9517	214	31	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	214	32	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	33	utilization	utilization	NOUN
easat-9517	214	34	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	214	35	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	214	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	214	37	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	214	38	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	214	39	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	214	40	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	214	41	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	214	42	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	214	43	intended	intend	VERB
easat-9517	214	44	to	to	PART
easat-9517	214	45	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9517	214	46	oversee	oversee	VERB
easat-9517	214	47	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	48	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	214	49	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	214	50	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	214	51	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
easat-9517	214	52	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	214	53	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	54	central	central	ADJ
easat-9517	214	55	level	level	NOUN
easat-9517	214	56	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	214	57	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	58	end	end	NOUN
easat-9517	214	59	user	user	NOUN
easat-9517	214	60	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	214	61	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-9517	214	62	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	214	63	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	214	64	execution	execution	NOUN
easat-9517	214	65	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	214	66	the	the	DET
easat-9517	214	67	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	214	68	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	215	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	215	2	interviewees	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	215	3	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	215	4	prompted	prompt	VERB
easat-9517	215	5	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	215	6	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	215	7	view	view	NOUN
easat-9517	215	8	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	215	9	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	215	10	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	215	11	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	215	12	adequately	adequately	ADV
easat-9517	215	13	prepare	prepare	VERB
easat-9517	215	14	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-9517	215	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	215	16	support	support	VERB
easat-9517	215	17	the	the	DET
easat-9517	215	18	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	215	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	215	20	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	215	21	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	215	22	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	215	23	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	215	24	innovations	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	215	25	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	215	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	216	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	216	2	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9517	216	3	provided	provide	VERB
easat-9517	216	4	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	216	5	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-9517	216	6	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	216	7	past	past	ADJ
easat-9517	216	8	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	216	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	216	10	suleh	suleh	PROPN
easat-9517	216	11	[	[	X
easat-9517	216	12	29	29	NUM
easat-9517	216	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	216	14	underscored	underscore	VERB
easat-9517	216	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	216	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	216	17	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9517	216	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	216	19	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	216	20	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	216	21	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9517	216	22	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	216	23	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	216	24	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-9517	216	25	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9517	216	26	to	to	PART
easat-9517	216	27	develop	develop	VERB
easat-9517	216	28	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	216	29	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	216	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	216	31	using	use	VERB
easat-9517	216	32	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	216	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	216	34	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	216	35	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	216	36	change	change	VERB
easat-9517	216	37	as	as	ADV
easat-9517	216	38	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	216	39	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	216	40	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9517	216	41	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	216	42	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	216	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	217	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9517	217	2	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	217	3	include	include	VERB
easat-9517	217	4	workshops	workshop	NOUN
easat-9517	217	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	217	6	online	online	ADJ
easat-9517	217	7	training	training	NOUN
easat-9517	217	8	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	217	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	217	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	217	11	peer	peer	NOUN
easat-9517	217	12	observation	observation	NOUN
easat-9517	217	13	programmers	programmer	NOUN
easat-9517	217	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	218	1	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	218	2	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	218	3	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	218	4	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-9517	218	5	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	218	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	218	7	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	218	8	through	through	ADP
easat-9517	218	9	these	these	DET
easat-9517	218	10	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	218	11	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-9517	218	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	218	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	219	1	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	219	2	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	219	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	219	4	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	219	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	219	6	this	this	DET
easat-9517	219	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	219	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	219	9	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-9517	219	10	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	219	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	219	12	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	219	13	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	219	14	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-9517	219	15	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	219	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	219	17	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	219	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	219	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	219	20	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	219	21	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	219	22	carried	carry	VERB
easat-9517	219	23	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	219	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	219	25	a	a	DET
easat-9517	219	26	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	219	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	219	28	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-9517	219	29	manner	manner	NOUN
easat-9517	219	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	220	1	cai	cai	PROPN
easat-9517	220	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	220	3	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	220	4	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	220	5	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	221	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	221	2	30	30	NUM
easat-9517	221	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	221	4	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	221	5	suggested	suggest	VERB
easat-9517	221	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	221	7	a	a	DET
easat-9517	221	8	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	221	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	221	10	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	221	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	221	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	221	13	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	221	14	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	221	15	involves	involve	VERB
easat-9517	221	16	three	three	NUM
easat-9517	221	17	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	221	18	steps	step	NOUN
easat-9517	221	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	221	20	initiation	initiation	NOUN
easat-9517	221	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	221	22	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	221	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	221	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	221	25	institutionalization	institutionalization	NOUN
easat-9517	221	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	222	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	222	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	222	3	enables	enable	VERB
easat-9517	222	4	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	222	5	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	222	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	222	7	concentrate	concentrate	VERB
easat-9517	222	8	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	222	9	each	each	DET
easat-9517	222	10	stage	stage	NOUN
easat-9517	222	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	222	12	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9517	222	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	222	14	reflective	reflective	ADJ
easat-9517	222	15	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	222	16	before	before	ADP
easat-9517	222	17	moving	move	VERB
easat-9517	222	18	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	222	19	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	222	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	222	21	next	next	ADJ
easat-9517	222	22	phase	phase	NOUN
easat-9517	222	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	223	1	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9517	223	2	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	223	3	to	to	PART
easat-9517	223	4	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	223	5	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9517	223	6	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-9517	223	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	223	8	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	223	9	may	may	AUX
easat-9517	223	10	need	need	VERB
easat-9517	223	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	223	12	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	223	13	an	an	DET
easat-9517	223	14	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
easat-9517	223	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	223	16	cyclical	cyclical	ADJ
easat-9517	223	17	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	223	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	223	19	necessitating	necessitate	VERB
easat-9517	223	20	regular	regular	ADJ
easat-9517	223	21	reviews	review	NOUN
easat-9517	223	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	223	23	active	active	ADJ
easat-9517	223	24	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-9517	223	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	223	26	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	223	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	224	2	general	general	ADJ
easat-9517	224	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	4	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9517	224	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	224	6	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	224	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	8	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	224	9	to	to	PART
easat-9517	224	10	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	224	11	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	224	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	13	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	224	14	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	224	15	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	224	16	heis	heis	PROPN
easat-9517	224	17	must	must	AUX
easat-9517	224	18	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	224	19	very	very	ADV
easat-9517	224	20	clear	clear	ADJ
easat-9517	224	21	about	about	ADP
easat-9517	224	22	why	why	SCONJ
easat-9517	224	23	the	the	DET
easat-9517	224	24	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	224	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	26	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	224	27	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	224	28	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-9517	224	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	30	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	224	31	verse	verse	NOUN
easat-9517	224	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	33	understand	understand	VERB
easat-9517	224	34	the	the	DET
easat-9517	224	35	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	224	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	37	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	224	38	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	224	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	40	develop	develop	VERB
easat-9517	224	41	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	224	42	cultures	culture	NOUN
easat-9517	224	43	amongst	amongst	ADP
easat-9517	224	44	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	224	45	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	46	developing	develop	VERB
easat-9517	224	47	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	224	48	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	49	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9517	224	50	building	building	NOUN
easat-9517	224	51	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	52	lastly	lastly	ADV
easat-9517	224	53	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	224	54	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	224	55	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	56	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9517	224	57	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	58	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	224	59	sensitization	sensitization	NOUN
easat-9517	224	60	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	224	61	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	224	62	[	[	X
easat-9517	224	63	31	31	NUM
easat-9517	224	64	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	224	65	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	225	1	theme	theme	NOUN
easat-9517	225	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	225	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	225	4	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	225	5	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	225	6	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	225	7	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9517	225	8	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	225	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	225	10	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	225	11	during	during	ADP
easat-9517	225	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	225	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	225	14	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	225	15	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	225	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	225	17	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	225	18	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	225	19	often	often	ADV
easat-9517	225	20	face	face	VERB
easat-9517	225	21	a	a	DET
easat-9517	225	22	variety	variety	NOUN
easat-9517	225	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	225	24	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	225	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	225	26	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	225	27	the	the	DET
easat-9517	225	28	revised	revise	VERB
easat-9517	225	29	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	225	30	remains	remain	VERB
easat-9517	225	31	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-9517	225	32	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	225	33	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	225	34	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9517	225	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	225	36	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9517	225	37	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	225	38	navigating	navigate	VERB
easat-9517	225	39	the	the	DET
easat-9517	225	40	logistical	logistical	ADJ
easat-9517	225	41	complexities	complexity	NOUN
easat-9517	225	42	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	225	43	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9517	225	44	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	225	45	courses	course	NOUN
easat-9517	225	46	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	225	47	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	225	48	into	into	ADP
easat-9517	225	49	existing	exist	VERB
easat-9517	225	50	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	225	51	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9517	225	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	226	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	226	2	response	response	NOUN
easat-9517	226	3	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	226	4	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	226	5	question	question	NOUN
easat-9517	226	6	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	226	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	226	8	interviewees	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	226	9	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	226	10	asked	ask	VERB
easat-9517	226	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	226	12	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9517	226	13	common	common	ADJ
easat-9517	226	14	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	226	15	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	226	16	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	226	17	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	226	18	during	during	ADP
easat-9517	226	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	226	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	226	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	226	22	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	226	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	226	24	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	226	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	227	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	227	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	227	3	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	227	4	explores	explore	VERB
easat-9517	227	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	227	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	227	7	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9517	227	8	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	227	9	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	227	10	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	227	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	227	12	gain	gain	VERB
easat-9517	227	13	support	support	NOUN
easat-9517	227	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	227	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	227	16	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	227	17	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	227	18	throughout	throughout	ADP
easat-9517	227	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	227	20	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	227	21	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	227	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	228	1	a	a	DET
easat-9517	228	2	summary	summary	NOUN
easat-9517	228	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	228	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	228	5	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	228	6	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	228	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	228	8	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	228	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	228	10	presented	present	VERB
easat-9517	228	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	228	12	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	228	13	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	228	14	below	below	ADV
easat-9517	228	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	229	1	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	229	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	229	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	230	1	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	230	2	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	230	3	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-9517	230	4	during	during	ADP
easat-9517	230	5	the	the	DET
easat-9517	230	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	230	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	230	8	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	230	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	230	10	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	230	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	231	1	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	231	2	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	231	3	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	231	4	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-9517	231	5	1,2	1,2	NUM
easat-9517	231	6	manpower	manpower	NOUN
easat-9517	231	7	allocation….time	allocation….time	NOUN
easat-9517	231	8	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9517	231	9	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	231	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	231	11	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	231	12	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-9517	231	13	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9517	231	14	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	231	15	shortage	shortage	NOUN
easat-9517	231	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	231	17	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9517	231	18	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	231	19	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	231	20	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9517	231	21	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	231	22	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	231	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	231	24	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	231	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	231	26	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	231	27	lengthy	lengthy	ADJ
easat-9517	231	28	approval	approval	NOUN
easat-9517	231	29	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	231	30	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	231	31	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	231	32	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-9517	231	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	232	1	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	232	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	232	3	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	232	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	232	5	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	232	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	232	7	gaps	gap	VERB
easat-9517	232	8	2,4	2,4	NUM
easat-9517	232	9	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-9517	232	10	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-9517	232	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	232	12	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	232	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	232	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	232	15	review	review	NOUN
easat-9517	232	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	232	17	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	232	18	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	232	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	233	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	233	2	observed	observe	VERB
easat-9517	233	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	233	4	table	table	NOUN
easat-9517	233	5	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	233	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	233	8	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	233	9	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	233	10	several	several	ADJ
easat-9517	233	11	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	233	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	233	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	233	14	these	these	DET
easat-9517	233	15	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	233	16	faced	face	VERB
easat-9517	233	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	234	1	a	a	DET
easat-9517	234	2	recurring	recur	VERB
easat-9517	234	3	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	234	4	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	234	5	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-9517	234	6	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9517	234	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	234	8	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9517	234	9	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	234	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	234	11	these	these	PRON
easat-9517	234	12	expresses	express	VERB
easat-9517	234	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	234	14	concern	concern	NOUN
easat-9517	234	15	over	over	ADP
easat-9517	234	16	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-9517	234	17	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-9517	234	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	234	19	staffing	staffing	NOUN
easat-9517	234	20	shortages	shortage	NOUN
easat-9517	234	21	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	234	22	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-9517	234	23	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	234	24	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	234	25	delivery	delivery	NOUN
easat-9517	234	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	235	1	lengthy	lengthy	ADJ
easat-9517	235	2	approval	approval	NOUN
easat-9517	235	3	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	235	4	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	235	5	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	235	6	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-9517	235	7	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	235	8	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	235	9	a	a	DET
easat-9517	235	10	prominent	prominent	ADJ
easat-9517	235	11	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-9517	235	12	which	which	PRON
easat-9517	235	13	often	often	ADV
easat-9517	235	14	causing	cause	VERB
easat-9517	235	15	985	985	NUM
easat-9517	235	16	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	235	17	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	235	18	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	235	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	235	20	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	235	21	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	235	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	235	23	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	235	24	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	235	25	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	235	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	235	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	236	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	236	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	236	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	236	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	236	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	236	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	236	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	236	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	236	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	236	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	236	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	236	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	236	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	236	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	236	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	237	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	237	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	237	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	237	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	237	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	237	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	237	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	237	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	237	9	gate	gate	VERB
easat-9517	237	10	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9517	237	11	delays	delay	NOUN
easat-9517	237	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	237	13	rolling	roll	VERB
easat-9517	237	14	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	237	15	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	237	16	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9517	237	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	238	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	238	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	238	3	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	238	4	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-9517	238	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	238	6	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	238	7	as	as	ADP
easat-9517	238	8	a	a	DET
easat-9517	238	9	barrier	barrier	NOUN
easat-9517	238	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	238	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9517	238	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	238	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	238	14	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-9517	238	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	238	16	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	238	17	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9517	238	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	238	19	platforms	platform	NOUN
easat-9517	238	20	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9517	238	21	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	238	22	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-9517	238	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	238	24	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	238	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	239	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	239	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	239	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
easat-9517	239	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	239	5	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9517	239	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	239	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	239	8	hurdles	hurdle	NOUN
easat-9517	239	9	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	239	10	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	239	11	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	239	12	must	must	AUX
easat-9517	239	13	navigate	navigate	VERB
easat-9517	239	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	239	15	successfully	successfully	ADV
easat-9517	239	16	implement	implement	VERB
easat-9517	239	17	curricular	curricular	ADJ
easat-9517	239	18	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	239	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	240	1	interviewee	interviewee	NOUN
easat-9517	240	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	240	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	240	4	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	240	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	240	6	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	240	7	mentioned	mention	VERB
easat-9517	240	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	240	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	240	10	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	240	11	..	..	PUNCT
easat-9517	240	12	the	the	DET
easat-9517	240	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	240	14	review	review	VERB
easat-9517	240	15	itself	itself	PRON
easat-9517	240	16	did	do	AUX
easat-9517	240	17	n’t	not	PART
easat-9517	240	18	take	take	VERB
easat-9517	240	19	long	long	ADV
easat-9517	240	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	241	1	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	241	2	getting	get	VERB
easat-9517	241	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	241	4	green	green	ADJ
easat-9517	241	5	light	light	NOUN
easat-9517	241	6	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	241	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	241	8	university	university	NOUN
easat-9517	241	9	senate	senate	PROPN
easat-9517	241	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	241	11	external	external	ADJ
easat-9517	241	12	bodies	body	NOUN
easat-9517	241	13	took	take	VERB
easat-9517	241	14	almost	almost	ADV
easat-9517	241	15	a	a	PRON
easat-9517	241	16	year	year	NOUN
easat-9517	241	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	242	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	242	2	then	then	ADV
easat-9517	242	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	242	4	some	some	PRON
easat-9517	242	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	242	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	242	7	content	content	NOUN
easat-9517	242	8	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	242	9	already	already	ADV
easat-9517	242	10	outdated	outdate	VERB
easat-9517	242	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	242	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	242	13	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	242	14	had	have	VERB
easat-9517	242	15	to	to	PART
easat-9517	242	16	revise	revise	VERB
easat-9517	242	17	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	242	18	again	again	ADV
easat-9517	242	19	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	242	20	..	..	PUNCT
easat-9517	243	1	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	243	2	.had	.had	PUNCT
easat-9517	243	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	243	4	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-9517	243	5	to	to	PART
easat-9517	243	6	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9517	243	7	more	more	ADJ
easat-9517	243	8	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	243	9	content	content	NOUN
easat-9517	243	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	243	11	e	e	NOUN
easat-9517	243	12	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	243	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9517	243	14	elements	element	NOUN
easat-9517	243	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	243	16	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9517	243	17	many	many	ADJ
easat-9517	243	18	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	243	19	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	243	20	n’t	not	PART
easat-9517	243	21	familiar	familiar	ADJ
easat-9517	243	22	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	243	23	the	the	DET
easat-9517	243	24	required	require	VERB
easat-9517	243	25	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9517	243	26	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	243	27	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	243	28	the	the	DET
easat-9517	243	29	funding	funding	NOUN
easat-9517	243	30	just	just	ADV
easat-9517	243	31	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	243	32	n’t	not	PART
easat-9517	243	33	available	available	ADJ
easat-9517	243	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	244	1	plus	plus	CCONJ
easat-9517	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	244	3	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	244	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	244	5	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	244	6	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	244	7	load	load	NOUN
easat-9517	244	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	244	9	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	244	10	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	244	11	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-9517	244	12	to	to	PART
easat-9517	244	13	assign	assign	VERB
easat-9517	244	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	244	15	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	244	16	without	without	ADP
easat-9517	244	17	overburdening	overburden	VERB
easat-9517	244	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	244	19	team	team	NOUN
easat-9517	244	20	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	244	21	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	244	22	noted	note	VERB
easat-9517	244	23	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	244	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	244	25	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9517	244	26	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	244	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	244	28	the	the	DET
easat-9517	244	29	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	244	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	244	31	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	244	32	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	244	33	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	244	34	manpower	manpower	NOUN
easat-9517	244	35	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-9517	244	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	245	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	245	2	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	245	3	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9517	245	4	to	to	PART
easat-9517	245	5	recruit	recruit	VERB
easat-9517	245	6	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	245	7	who	who	PRON
easat-9517	245	8	possess	possess	VERB
easat-9517	245	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	245	10	necessary	necessary	ADJ
easat-9517	245	11	expertise	expertise	NOUN
easat-9517	245	12	to	to	PART
easat-9517	245	13	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
easat-9517	245	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	245	15	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	245	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	245	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	245	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	245	19	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	245	20	course	course	NOUN
easat-9517	245	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	246	1	he	he	PRON
easat-9517	246	2	underlined	underline	VERB
easat-9517	246	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	246	4	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9517	246	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	246	6	not	not	PART
easat-9517	246	7	compromising	compromise	VERB
easat-9517	246	8	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	246	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	246	10	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	246	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	246	12	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	246	13	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	246	14	merely	merely	ADV
easat-9517	246	15	filling	fill	VERB
easat-9517	246	16	positions	position	NOUN
easat-9517	246	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	246	18	available	available	ADJ
easat-9517	246	19	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9517	246	20	potentially	potentially	ADV
easat-9517	246	21	under	under	ADP
easat-9517	246	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	246	23	qualified	qualified	ADJ
easat-9517	246	24	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	246	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	1	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	247	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	247	3	stated	state	VERB
easat-9517	247	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	5	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	6	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	247	7	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	247	8	allocate	allocate	VERB
easat-9517	247	9	manpower	manpower	NOUN
easat-9517	247	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	11	meaning	mean	VERB
easat-9517	247	12	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	247	13	if	if	SCONJ
easat-9517	247	14	you	you	PRON
easat-9517	247	15	have	have	VERB
easat-9517	247	16	a	a	DET
easat-9517	247	17	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	247	18	course	course	NOUN
easat-9517	247	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	20	right	right	INTJ
easat-9517	247	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	22	would	would	AUX
easat-9517	247	23	you	you	PRON
easat-9517	247	24	be	be	AUX
easat-9517	247	25	able	able	ADJ
easat-9517	247	26	to	to	PART
easat-9517	247	27	find	find	VERB
easat-9517	247	28	someone	someone	PRON
easat-9517	247	29	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-9517	247	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	31	subject	subject	ADJ
easat-9517	247	32	matter	matter	NOUN
easat-9517	247	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	34	to	to	PART
easat-9517	247	35	actually	actually	ADV
easat-9517	247	36	lead	lead	VERB
easat-9517	247	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	247	38	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	247	39	teach	teach	VERB
easat-9517	247	40	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	247	41	also	also	ADV
easat-9517	247	42	assess	assess	VERB
easat-9517	247	43	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	247	44	course	course	NOUN
easat-9517	247	45	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	247	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	248	1	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	248	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	248	3	mentioned	mention	VERB
easat-9517	248	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	248	5	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	248	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	248	7	time	time	NOUN
easat-9517	248	8	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	248	9	one	one	NUM
easat-9517	248	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	248	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	248	12	biggest	big	ADJ
easat-9517	248	13	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9517	248	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	248	15	us	we	PRON
easat-9517	248	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	249	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-9517	249	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	249	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	249	4	lecturers	lecturer	NOUN
easat-9517	249	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	249	6	already	already	ADV
easat-9517	249	7	overloaded	overload	VERB
easat-9517	249	8	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	249	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	249	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	249	11	administrative	administrative	ADJ
easat-9517	249	12	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	249	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	249	14	so	so	ADV
easat-9517	249	15	finding	find	VERB
easat-9517	249	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	249	17	time	time	NOUN
easat-9517	249	18	to	to	PART
easat-9517	249	19	sit	sit	VERB
easat-9517	249	20	down	down	ADP
easat-9517	249	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	249	22	properly	properly	ADV
easat-9517	249	23	review	review	VERB
easat-9517	249	24	the	the	DET
easat-9517	249	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	249	26	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	249	27	a	a	DET
easat-9517	249	28	challenge	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	249	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	250	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	250	3	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	250	4	noted	note	VERB
easat-9517	250	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	250	6	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9517	250	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	250	8	early	early	ADJ
easat-9517	250	9	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	250	10	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	250	11	key	key	ADJ
easat-9517	250	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	250	13	staff	staff	NOUN
easat-9517	250	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	250	15	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	250	16	partners	partner	NOUN
easat-9517	250	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	250	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	250	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	250	20	often	often	ADV
easat-9517	250	21	resulted	result	VERB
easat-9517	250	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	250	23	a	a	DET
easat-9517	250	24	disconnect	disconnect	NOUN
easat-9517	250	25	between	between	ADP
easat-9517	250	26	the	the	DET
easat-9517	250	27	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9517	250	28	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	250	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	250	30	the	the	DET
easat-9517	250	31	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9517	250	32	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9517	250	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	250	34	those	those	PRON
easat-9517	250	35	affected	affect	VERB
easat-9517	250	36	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	250	37	the	the	DET
easat-9517	250	38	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	250	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	251	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	251	2	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9517	251	3	noted	note	VERB
easat-9517	251	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	251	5	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9517	251	6	consultation	consultation	NOUN
easat-9517	251	7	led	lead	VERB
easat-9517	251	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	251	9	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	251	10	during	during	ADP
easat-9517	251	11	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	251	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	251	13	necessitated	necessitate	VERB
easat-9517	251	14	repeated	repeat	VERB
easat-9517	251	15	revisions	revision	NOUN
easat-9517	251	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	251	17	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-9517	251	18	delaying	delay	VERB
easat-9517	251	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	251	20	overall	overall	ADJ
easat-9517	251	21	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	251	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	252	1	interviewee	interviewee	PROPN
easat-9517	252	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	252	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	252	4	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	252	5	stated	state	VERB
easat-9517	252	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	252	7	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	252	8	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	252	9	.we	.we	NUM
easat-9517	252	10	had	have	VERB
easat-9517	252	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	252	12	deal	deal	VERB
easat-9517	252	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	252	14	a	a	DET
easat-9517	252	15	lot	lot	NOUN
easat-9517	252	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	252	17	back	back	NOUN
easat-9517	252	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	252	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	252	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	252	21	forth	forth	NOUN
easat-9517	252	22	to	to	PART
easat-9517	252	23	get	get	VERB
easat-9517	252	24	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	252	25	input	input	NOUN
easat-9517	252	26	later	later	ADV
easat-9517	252	27	on	on	ADV
easat-9517	252	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	253	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9517	253	2	would	would	AUX
easat-9517	253	3	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	253	4	been	be	AUX
easat-9517	253	5	smoother	smooth	ADJ
easat-9517	253	6	if	if	SCONJ
easat-9517	253	7	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	253	8	had	have	AUX
easat-9517	253	9	included	include	VERB
easat-9517	253	10	more	more	ADJ
easat-9517	253	11	people	people	NOUN
easat-9517	253	12	especially	especially	ADV
easat-9517	253	13	those	those	PRON
easat-9517	253	14	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9517	253	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	253	16	core	core	NOUN
easat-9517	253	17	subjects	subject	NOUN
easat-9517	253	18	right	right	ADJ
easat-9517	253	19	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	253	20	the	the	DET
easat-9517	253	21	start	start	NOUN
easat-9517	253	22	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	253	23	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	253	24	..	..	PUNCT
easat-9517	253	25	one	one	NUM
easat-9517	253	26	issue	issue	NOUN
easat-9517	253	27	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	253	28	encountered	encounter	VERB
easat-9517	253	29	was	be	AUX
easat-9517	253	30	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9517	253	31	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	253	32	consultation….that	consultation….that	PRON
easat-9517	253	33	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
easat-9517	253	34	led	lead	VERB
easat-9517	253	35	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	253	36	some	some	DET
easat-9517	253	37	disconnect	disconnect	NOUN
easat-9517	253	38	between	between	ADP
easat-9517	253	39	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	253	40	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	253	41	proposed	propose	VERB
easat-9517	253	42	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	253	43	what	what	PRON
easat-9517	253	44	the	the	DET
easat-9517	253	45	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	253	46	job	job	NOUN
easat-9517	253	47	market	market	NOUN
easat-9517	253	48	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	253	49	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9517	253	50	actually	actually	ADV
easat-9517	253	51	needed	need	VERB
easat-9517	253	52	…	…	PUNCT
easat-9517	253	53	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	254	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	254	2	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	254	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	254	4	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-9517	254	5	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	254	6	past	past	ADJ
easat-9517	254	7	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	254	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	254	9	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
easat-9517	254	10	simon	simon	PROPN
easat-9517	254	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	254	12	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	254	13	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	254	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	255	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	255	2	31	31	NUM
easat-9517	255	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	255	4	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9517	255	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	255	6	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9517	255	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	255	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	255	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	255	10	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9517	255	11	financial	financial	ADJ
easat-9517	255	12	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	255	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	255	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	255	15	a	a	DET
easat-9517	255	16	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9517	255	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	255	18	technological	technological	ADJ
easat-9517	255	19	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	255	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	255	21	sim	sim	ADJ
easat-9517	255	22	poh	poh	PROPN
easat-9517	255	23	thong	thong	PROPN
easat-9517	255	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	255	25	chang	chang	PROPN
easat-9517	255	26	hui	hui	PROPN
easat-9517	255	27	chung	chung	PROPN
easat-9517	256	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	256	2	23	23	NUM
easat-9517	256	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	256	4	echoed	echo	VERB
easat-9517	256	5	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
easat-9517	256	6	well	well	ADV
easat-9517	256	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	256	8	trained	train	VERB
easat-9517	256	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	256	10	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	256	11	one	one	NUM
easat-9517	256	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	256	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	256	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	256	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	256	16	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	256	17	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	256	18	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	256	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	256	20	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	256	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	1	correspondingly	correspondingly	ADV
easat-9517	257	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	3	riad	riad	PROPN
easat-9517	257	4	[	[	X
easat-9517	257	5	32	32	NUM
easat-9517	257	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	7	echoed	echo	VERB
easat-9517	257	8	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9517	257	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	257	10	user	user	NOUN
easat-9517	257	11	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	257	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	13	deadlines	deadline	NOUN
easat-9517	257	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	15	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	257	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	17	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	257	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	19	etc	etc	X
easat-9517	257	20	.	.	X
easat-9517	257	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	23	absence	absence	NOUN
easat-9517	257	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	257	25	proper	proper	ADJ
easat-9517	257	26	training	training	NOUN
easat-9517	257	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	257	28	tutorials	tutorial	NOUN
easat-9517	257	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	30	complicated	complicated	ADJ
easat-9517	257	31	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	257	32	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	257	33	the	the	DET
easat-9517	257	34	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	257	35	web	web	NOUN
easat-9517	257	36	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	257	37	based	base	VERB
easat-9517	257	38	system	system	NOUN
easat-9517	257	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	257	40	no	no	DET
easat-9517	257	41	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9517	257	42	to	to	PART
easat-9517	257	43	regulate	regulate	VERB
easat-9517	257	44	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9517	257	45	guide	guide	VERB
easat-9517	257	46	the	the	DET
easat-9517	257	47	process	process	NOUN
easat-9517	257	48	were	be	AUX
easat-9517	257	49	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	257	50	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	257	51	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	257	52	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	257	53	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	257	54	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	257	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	258	1	respectively	respectively	ADV
easat-9517	258	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	258	3	rabiu	rabiu	NOUN
easat-9517	258	4	[	[	X
easat-9517	258	5	33	33	NUM
easat-9517	258	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	258	7	discovered	discover	VERB
easat-9517	258	8	most	most	ADJ
easat-9517	258	9	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9517	258	10	struggle	struggle	VERB
easat-9517	258	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	258	12	transition	transition	VERB
easat-9517	258	13	out	out	ADP
easat-9517	258	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	258	15	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	258	16	familiar	familiar	ADJ
easat-9517	258	17	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	258	18	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	258	19	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9517	258	20	faced	face	VERB
easat-9517	258	21	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	258	22	impending	impend	VERB
easat-9517	258	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	258	24	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9517	258	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	259	1	instead	instead	ADV
easat-9517	259	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	259	3	embracing	embrace	VERB
easat-9517	259	4	a	a	DET
easat-9517	259	5	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	259	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	259	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	259	8	many	many	ADJ
easat-9517	259	9	prefer	prefer	VERB
easat-9517	259	10	to	to	PART
easat-9517	259	11	stick	stick	VERB
easat-9517	259	12	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	259	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	259	14	old	old	ADJ
easat-9517	259	15	one	one	NOUN
easat-9517	259	16	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	259	17	they	they	PRON
easat-9517	259	18	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	259	19	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ
easat-9517	259	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	259	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	259	22	avoiding	avoid	VERB
easat-9517	259	23	the	the	DET
easat-9517	259	24	arduous	arduous	ADJ
easat-9517	259	25	task	task	NOUN
easat-9517	259	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	259	27	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-9517	259	28	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	259	29	a	a	DET
easat-9517	259	30	different	different	ADJ
easat-9517	259	31	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	259	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	260	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	260	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	260	3	there	there	PRON
easat-9517	260	4	is	be	VERB
easat-9517	260	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	260	6	common	common	ADJ
easat-9517	260	7	belief	belief	NOUN
easat-9517	260	8	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	260	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	260	10	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	260	11	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	260	12	work	work	NOUN
easat-9517	260	13	requires	require	VERB
easat-9517	260	14	a	a	DET
easat-9517	260	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9517	260	16	amount	amount	NOUN
easat-9517	260	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	260	18	time	time	NOUN
easat-9517	260	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	260	20	effort	effort	NOUN
easat-9517	260	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	261	1	986	986	NUM
easat-9517	261	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	261	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	261	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	261	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	261	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	261	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	261	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	261	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	261	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	261	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	261	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	261	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	262	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	262	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	262	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	262	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	262	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	262	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	262	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	262	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	262	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	262	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	262	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	262	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	262	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	262	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	262	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	263	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	263	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	263	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	263	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	263	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	263	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	263	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	263	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	263	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	263	10	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	263	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	264	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9517	264	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	264	3	implication	implication	NOUN
easat-9517	264	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	264	5	future	future	ADJ
easat-9517	264	6	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	264	7	this	this	DET
easat-9517	264	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	264	9	examined	examine	VERB
easat-9517	264	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	264	11	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9517	264	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	264	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	264	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	264	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	264	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	264	17	faced	face	VERB
easat-9517	264	18	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	264	19	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	264	20	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	264	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	264	22	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	264	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	264	24	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	264	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	264	26	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	264	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	264	28	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	264	29	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	264	30	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	264	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	265	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	265	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	265	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-9517	265	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	265	5	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	265	6	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	265	7	occupy	occupy	VERB
easat-9517	265	8	a	a	DET
easat-9517	265	9	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-9517	265	10	position	position	NOUN
easat-9517	265	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	265	12	steering	steer	VERB
easat-9517	265	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	265	14	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9517	265	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	265	16	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	265	17	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9517	265	18	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	265	19	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-9517	265	20	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9517	265	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	265	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	265	23	responding	respond	VERB
easat-9517	265	24	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	265	25	evolving	evolve	VERB
easat-9517	265	26	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	265	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	265	28	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	265	29	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9517	265	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	266	1	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	266	2	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9517	266	3	span	span	VERB
easat-9517	266	4	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	266	5	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	266	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	266	7	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9517	266	8	assurance	assurance	NOUN
easat-9517	266	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	266	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	266	11	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-9517	266	12	coordination	coordination	NOUN
easat-9517	266	13	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-9517	266	14	a	a	DET
easat-9517	266	15	broad	broad	ADJ
easat-9517	266	16	yet	yet	ADV
easat-9517	266	17	integrated	integrated	ADJ
easat-9517	266	18	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	266	19	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	266	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	267	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	267	2	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9517	267	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	267	4	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	267	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	267	6	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	267	7	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	267	8	employ	employ	VERB
easat-9517	267	9	a	a	DET
easat-9517	267	10	combination	combination	NOUN
easat-9517	267	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	267	12	analytical	analytical	ADJ
easat-9517	267	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	267	14	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	267	15	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	267	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	268	1	these	these	PRON
easat-9517	268	2	include	include	VERB
easat-9517	268	3	needs	need	VERB
easat-9517	268	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	268	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	268	6	bench	bench	NOUN
easat-9517	268	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	268	8	marking	mark	VERB
easat-9517	268	9	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	268	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	268	11	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	268	12	consultations	consultation	NOUN
easat-9517	268	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	268	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	268	15	the	the	DET
easat-9517	268	16	formation	formation	NOUN
easat-9517	268	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	268	18	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	268	19	task	task	NOUN
easat-9517	268	20	forces	force	NOUN
easat-9517	268	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	269	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-9517	269	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	269	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	269	4	implemented	implement	VERB
easat-9517	269	5	at	at	ADP
easat-9517	269	6	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	269	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	269	8	levels	level	NOUN
easat-9517	269	9	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	269	10	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	269	11	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	269	12	departmental	departmental	ADJ
easat-9517	269	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	269	14	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	269	15	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	269	16	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9517	269	17	a	a	DET
easat-9517	269	18	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9517	269	19	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	269	20	tiered	tiere	VERB
easat-9517	269	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	269	22	systematic	systematic	ADJ
easat-9517	269	23	effort	effort	NOUN
easat-9517	269	24	toward	toward	ADP
easat-9517	269	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	269	26	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	269	27	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	269	28	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9517	269	29	both	both	DET
easat-9517	269	30	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-9517	269	31	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	269	32	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-9517	269	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	270	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9517	270	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	270	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9517	270	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	270	5	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9517	270	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	270	7	participatory	participatory	ADJ
easat-9517	270	8	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	270	9	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-9517	270	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	270	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	270	12	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	270	13	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9517	270	14	several	several	ADJ
easat-9517	270	15	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-9517	270	16	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	270	17	that	that	PRON
easat-9517	270	18	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-9517	270	19	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9517	270	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	270	21	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	270	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	271	1	these	these	DET
easat-9517	271	2	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9517	271	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-9517	271	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	271	5	even	even	ADV
easat-9517	271	6	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	271	7	strong	strong	ADJ
easat-9517	271	8	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	271	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	271	10	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	271	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	271	12	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9517	271	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	271	14	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
easat-9517	271	15	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9517	271	16	remain	remain	VERB
easat-9517	271	17	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9517	271	18	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-9517	271	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	272	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	272	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	272	3	has	have	VERB
easat-9517	272	4	several	several	ADJ
easat-9517	272	5	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-9517	272	6	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	272	7	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	272	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	272	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	272	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	272	11	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	272	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	272	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	273	1	the	the	DET
easat-9517	273	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9517	273	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
easat-9517	273	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	273	5	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	273	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	273	7	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9517	273	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	273	9	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	273	10	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	273	11	requires	require	VERB
easat-9517	273	12	a	a	DET
easat-9517	273	13	holistic	holistic	ADJ
easat-9517	273	14	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9517	273	15	commitment	commitment	NOUN
easat-9517	273	16	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	273	17	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9517	273	18	building	building	NOUN
easat-9517	273	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	273	20	stakeholder	stakeholder	NOUN
easat-9517	273	21	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9517	273	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	273	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	273	24	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	273	25	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	273	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	274	1	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9517	274	2	adequate	adequate	ADJ
easat-9517	274	3	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	274	4	allocation	allocation	NOUN
easat-9517	274	5	including	including	ADP
easat-9517	274	6	time	time	NOUN
easat-9517	274	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	274	8	staffing	staffing	NOUN
easat-9517	274	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	274	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	274	11	budget	budget	NOUN
easat-9517	274	12	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	274	13	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9517	274	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	274	15	smooth	smooth	ADJ
easat-9517	274	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	274	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	274	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9517	274	19	early	early	ADJ
easat-9517	274	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	274	21	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-9517	274	22	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-9517	274	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	274	24	faculty	faculty	NOUN
easat-9517	274	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	274	26	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	274	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	274	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	274	29	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	274	30	partners	partner	NOUN
easat-9517	274	31	can	can	AUX
easat-9517	274	32	foster	foster	VERB
easat-9517	274	33	shared	share	VERB
easat-9517	274	34	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-9517	274	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	274	36	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-9517	274	37	resistance	resistance	NOUN
easat-9517	274	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	275	1	streamlining	streamline	VERB
easat-9517	275	2	internal	internal	ADJ
easat-9517	275	3	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9517	275	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	275	5	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9517	275	6	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	275	7	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	275	8	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
easat-9517	275	9	bodies	body	NOUN
easat-9517	275	10	may	may	AUX
easat-9517	275	11	help	help	VERB
easat-9517	275	12	overcome	overcome	VERB
easat-9517	275	13	bureaucratic	bureaucratic	ADJ
easat-9517	275	14	delays	delay	NOUN
easat-9517	275	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	276	1	finally	finally	ADV
easat-9517	276	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	276	3	continuous	continuous	ADJ
easat-9517	276	4	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9517	276	5	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	276	6	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	276	7	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	276	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	276	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	276	10	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-9517	276	11	to	to	PART
easat-9517	276	12	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
easat-9517	276	13	their	their	PRON
easat-9517	276	14	strategic	strategic	ADJ
easat-9517	276	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	276	16	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9517	276	17	capacities	capacity	NOUN
easat-9517	276	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	276	19	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	276	20	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9517	276	21	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	276	22	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	276	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	277	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-9517	277	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	277	3	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	277	4	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9517	277	5	a	a	DET
easat-9517	277	6	larger	large	ADJ
easat-9517	277	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	277	8	more	more	ADV
easat-9517	277	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-9517	277	10	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-9517	277	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	277	12	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	277	13	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	277	14	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	277	15	multiple	multiple	ADJ
easat-9517	277	16	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	277	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	277	18	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
easat-9517	277	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	277	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	277	21	geographical	geographical	ADJ
easat-9517	277	22	regions	region	NOUN
easat-9517	277	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	278	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9517	278	2	would	would	AUX
easat-9517	278	3	enable	enable	VERB
easat-9517	278	4	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	278	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	278	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	278	7	offer	offer	VERB
easat-9517	278	8	a	a	DET
easat-9517	278	9	more	more	ADV
easat-9517	278	10	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9517	278	11	view	view	NOUN
easat-9517	278	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	278	13	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	278	14	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	278	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	278	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	278	17	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	278	18	across	across	ADP
easat-9517	278	19	various	various	ADJ
easat-9517	278	20	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	278	21	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	278	22	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9517	278	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	279	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9517	279	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	279	3	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	279	4	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	279	5	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	279	6	continues	continue	VERB
easat-9517	279	7	to	to	PART
easat-9517	279	8	shift	shift	VERB
easat-9517	279	9	toward	toward	ADP
easat-9517	279	10	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	279	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	279	12	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
easat-9517	279	13	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	279	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	279	15	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	279	16	should	should	AUX
easat-9517	279	17	examine	examine	VERB
easat-9517	279	18	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	279	19	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	279	20	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	279	21	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	279	22	navigating	navigate	VERB
easat-9517	279	23	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	279	24	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-9517	279	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	279	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	279	27	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9517	279	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	280	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9517	280	2	includes	include	VERB
easat-9517	280	3	investigating	investigate	VERB
easat-9517	280	4	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9517	280	5	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	280	6	are	be	AUX
easat-9517	280	7	being	be	AUX
easat-9517	280	8	integrated	integrate	VERB
easat-9517	280	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	280	10	the	the	DET
easat-9517	280	11	support	support	NOUN
easat-9517	280	12	structures	structure	NOUN
easat-9517	280	13	required	require	VERB
easat-9517	280	14	to	to	PART
easat-9517	280	15	sustain	sustain	VERB
easat-9517	280	16	digital	digital	ADJ
easat-9517	280	17	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	280	18	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	280	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	281	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-9517	281	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	281	3	the	the	DET
easat-9517	281	4	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	281	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
easat-9517	281	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	281	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	281	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-9517	281	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	281	10	an	an	DET
easat-9517	281	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-9517	281	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	281	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-9517	281	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	281	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	281	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-9517	281	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-9517	281	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	281	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	281	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	281	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	281	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	281	23	no	no	DET
easat-9517	281	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-9517	281	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-9517	281	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	281	27	the	the	DET
easat-9517	281	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	281	29	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	281	30	been	be	AUX
easat-9517	281	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-9517	281	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	281	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	281	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9517	281	35	any	any	DET
easat-9517	281	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-9517	281	37	from	from	ADP
easat-9517	281	38	the	the	DET
easat-9517	281	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	281	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9517	281	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-9517	281	42	have	have	AUX
easat-9517	281	43	been	be	AUX
easat-9517	281	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-9517	281	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	282	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	282	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	282	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-9517	282	4	all	all	DET
easat-9517	282	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-9517	282	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	282	7	during	during	ADP
easat-9517	282	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-9517	282	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	283	1	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN
easat-9517	283	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	283	3	we	we	PRON
easat-9517	283	4	would	would	AUX
easat-9517	283	5	like	like	VERB
easat-9517	283	6	to	to	PART
easat-9517	283	7	thank	thank	VERB
easat-9517	283	8	unitar	unitar	PROPN
easat-9517	283	9	university	university	PROPN
easat-9517	283	10	college	college	PROPN
easat-9517	283	11	kuala	kuala	PROPN
easat-9517	283	12	lumpur	lumpur	PROPN
easat-9517	283	13	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	283	14	uuckl	uuckl	NOUN
easat-9517	283	15	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	283	16	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	283	17	funding	fund	VERB
easat-9517	283	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	283	19	publication	publication	NOUN
easat-9517	283	20	fee	fee	NOUN
easat-9517	283	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	283	22	this	this	DET
easat-9517	283	23	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	283	24	paper	paper	NOUN
easat-9517	283	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	284	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-9517	284	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	284	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	284	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	284	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	284	6	the	the	DET
easat-9517	284	7	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	284	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	285	1	this	this	DET
easat-9517	285	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-9517	285	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	285	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-9517	285	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-9517	285	6	is	be	AUX
easat-9517	285	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-9517	285	8	under	under	ADP
easat-9517	285	9	the	the	DET
easat-9517	285	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-9517	285	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	285	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9517	285	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	285	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	285	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9517	285	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-9517	285	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-9517	285	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	285	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-9517	285	20	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	285	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	285	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-9517	285	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	285	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-9517	285	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	285	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-9517	286	2	[	[	X
easat-9517	286	3	1	1	X
easat-9517	286	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	5	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-9517	286	6	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	286	7	theobald	theobald	PROPN
easat-9517	286	8	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	286	9	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	286	10	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	286	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	12	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	13	active	active	ADJ
easat-9517	286	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	286	15	narrows	narrow	VERB
easat-9517	286	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
easat-9517	286	17	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-9517	286	18	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	286	19	underrepresented	underrepresented	ADJ
easat-9517	286	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-9517	286	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	286	22	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
easat-9517	286	23	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	286	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	25	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	286	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	27	engineering	engineering	NOUN
easat-9517	286	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	286	30	math	math	NOUN
easat-9517	286	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	33	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	286	34	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
easat-9517	286	35	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	286	36	the	the	DET
easat-9517	286	37	national	national	PROPN
easat-9517	286	38	academy	academy	PROPN
easat-9517	286	39	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	286	40	sciences	sciences	PROPN
easat-9517	286	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	286	42	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9517	286	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	287	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	287	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	287	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	287	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9517	287	5	todd	todd	NOUN
easat-9517	287	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	287	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	287	8	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	287	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	287	10	emotional	emotional	ADJ
easat-9517	287	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	287	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	288	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	288	2	advances	advance	NOUN
easat-9517	288	3	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	288	4	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	288	5	technologies	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	288	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	288	7	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-9517	288	8	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	288	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	288	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	288	11	igi	igi	PROPN
easat-9517	288	12	global	global	PROPN
easat-9517	288	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	288	14	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	288	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	289	1	119–130	119–130	NUM
easat-9517	289	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	289	3	2023	2023	NUM
easat-9517	289	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	290	1	https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7639-0.ch008	https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7639-0.ch008	PROPN
easat-9517	290	2	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-9517	290	3	https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7639-0.ch008	https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7639-0.ch008	PROPN
easat-9517	290	4	987	987	NUM
easat-9517	290	5	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	290	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	290	7	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	290	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	290	9	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	290	10	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	290	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	290	12	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	290	13	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	290	14	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	290	15	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	290	16	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	291	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	291	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	291	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	291	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	291	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	291	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	291	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	291	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	291	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	291	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	291	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	291	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	291	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	291	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	291	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	292	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	292	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	292	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	292	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	292	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	292	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	292	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	292	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	292	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	293	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	293	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9517	293	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	293	4	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9517	293	5	deng	deng	PROPN
easat-9517	293	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	7	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9517	293	8	gulseren	gulseren	PROPN
easat-9517	293	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	10	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9517	293	11	isola	isola	PROPN
easat-9517	293	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	13	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	293	14	grocutt	grocutt	PROPN
easat-9517	293	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	293	17	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9517	293	18	turner	turner	PROPN
easat-9517	293	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	21	transformational	transformational	ADJ
easat-9517	293	22	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	293	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9517	293	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	25	an	an	DET
easat-9517	293	26	evidencebased	evidencebase	VERB
easat-9517	293	27	primer	primer	NOUN
easat-9517	293	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	30	human	human	ADJ
easat-9517	293	31	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-9517	293	32	development	development	PROPN
easat-9517	293	33	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	293	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	293	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	293	37	26	26	NUM
easat-9517	293	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	39	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	293	40	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	293	41	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	293	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	293	43	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	293	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	294	1	627	627	NUM
easat-9517	294	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	294	3	641	641	NUM
easat-9517	294	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	294	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-9517	294	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	295	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938	https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938	PROPN
easat-9517	296	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	296	2	4	4	X
easat-9517	296	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	296	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-9517	296	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	296	6	sidhu	sidhu	PROPN
easat-9517	296	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	296	8	hpef7033	hpef7033	PROPN
easat-9517	296	9	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	296	10	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9517	296	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	296	12	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	296	13	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	296	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	297	1	open	open	PROPN
easat-9517	297	2	university	university	PROPN
easat-9517	297	3	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	297	4	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	297	5	open	open	PROPN
easat-9517	297	6	university	university	PROPN
easat-9517	297	7	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	297	8	press	press	PROPN
easat-9517	297	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	297	10	2021	2021	NUM
easat-9517	297	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	298	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	298	2	5	5	X
easat-9517	298	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	299	1	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9517	299	2	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9517	299	3	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-9517	299	4	leong	leong	PROPN
easat-9517	299	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	6	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	7	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	299	8	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	299	9	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	299	10	amidst	amidst	ADP
easat-9517	299	11	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
easat-9517	299	12	crisis	crisis	NOUN
easat-9517	299	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	14	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	299	15	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	299	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	299	17	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	299	18	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	299	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	299	20	quantity	quantity	NOUN
easat-9517	299	21	surveying	surveying	NOUN
easat-9517	299	22	program	program	NOUN
easat-9517	299	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	25	malaysian	malaysian	ADJ
easat-9517	299	26	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	299	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	299	28	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	299	29	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-9517	299	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	299	31	humanities	humanity	NOUN
easat-9517	299	32	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	33	mjssh	mjssh	NOUN
easat-9517	299	34	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	299	36	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	299	37	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	300	1	7	7	NUM
easat-9517	300	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	300	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	300	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	300	5	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	300	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	300	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	300	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	301	1	e001464	e001464	NOUN
easat-9517	301	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	301	3	e001464	e001464	NOUN
easat-9517	301	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	301	5	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9517	301	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	302	2	6	6	NUM
easat-9517	302	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	4	g.	g.	NOUN
easat-9517	302	5	buchashvili	buchashvili	PROPN
easat-9517	302	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	7	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	302	8	djakeli	djakeli	PROPN
easat-9517	302	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	302	11	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9517	302	12	kazaishvili	kazaishvili	NOUN
easat-9517	302	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	14	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	15	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	302	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9517	302	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	302	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	302	19	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	302	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	302	21	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	302	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	302	23	forming	form	VERB
easat-9517	302	24	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	302	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	302	26	vuca	vuca	ADJ
easat-9517	302	27	world	world	NOUN
easat-9517	302	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	29	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	302	31	agile	agile	ADJ
easat-9517	302	32	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	302	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	302	34	vuca	vuca	PROPN
easat-9517	302	35	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	36	rr	rr	NOUN
easat-9517	302	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	38	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9517	302	39	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	302	40	threats	threat	NOUN
easat-9517	302	41	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	302	42	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	302	43	4.0	4.0	NUM
easat-9517	302	44	towards	towards	ADP
easat-9517	302	45	society	society	NOUN
easat-9517	302	46	5.0	5.0	NUM
easat-9517	302	47	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	48	emerald	emerald	NOUN
easat-9517	302	49	publishing	publishing	PROPN
easat-9517	302	50	limited	limit	VERB
easat-9517	302	51	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	52	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9517	302	53	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	302	54	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	302	55	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	303	1	161	161	NUM
easat-9517	303	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	303	3	168	168	NUM
easat-9517	303	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	304	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	304	2	7	7	X
easat-9517	304	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	304	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	5	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	6	sorenson	sorenson	PROPN
easat-9517	304	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	304	8	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	9	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	10	goldsmith	goldsmith	PROPN
easat-9517	304	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	304	12	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	13	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	14	méndez	méndez	PROPN
easat-9517	304	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	304	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	304	17	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	18	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-9517	304	19	maxwell	maxwell	PROPN
easat-9517	304	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	304	21	defining	define	VERB
easat-9517	304	22	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	304	23	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	304	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	305	2	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	3	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	4	sorenson	sorenson	PROPN
easat-9517	305	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	6	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	7	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	8	goldsmith	goldsmith	PROPN
easat-9517	305	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	10	z.	z.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	11	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	12	méndez	méndez	PROPN
easat-9517	305	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	14	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9517	305	15	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	16	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-9517	305	17	maxwell.the	maxwell.the	DET
easat-9517	305	18	principal	principal	NOUN
easat-9517	305	19	's	's	PART
easat-9517	305	20	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-9517	305	21	to	to	PART
easat-9517	305	22	curriculum	curriculum	VERB
easat-9517	305	23	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	305	24	thousand	thousand	NUM
easat-9517	305	25	oaks	oak	NOUN
easat-9517	305	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	27	ca	ca	PROPN
easat-9517	305	28	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	29	corwin	corwin	PROPN
easat-9517	305	30	press	press	PROPN
easat-9517	305	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	305	32	2011	2011	NUM
easat-9517	305	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	306	2	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	306	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	4	q.	q.	PROPN
easat-9517	306	5	wang	wang	PROPN
easat-9517	306	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	306	7	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9517	306	8	x.	x.	PROPN
easat-9517	306	9	zheng	zheng	PROPN
easat-9517	306	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	306	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	306	14	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	306	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	306	16	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	306	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	306	18	the	the	DET
easat-9517	306	19	context	context	NOUN
easat-9517	306	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	306	21	the	the	DET
easat-9517	306	22	new	new	ADJ
easat-9517	306	23	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	306	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	25	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	26	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9517	306	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	306	28	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	306	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	306	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	306	32	21	21	NUM
easat-9517	306	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	306	34	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	306	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	307	1	3–5	3–5	NUM
easat-9517	307	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	307	3	2013	2013	NUM
easat-9517	307	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	308	2	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	308	3	]	]	SYM
easat-9517	308	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9517	308	5	harris	harris	PROPN
easat-9517	308	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	308	7	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	308	8	jones	jones	PROPN
easat-9517	308	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	11	covid	covid	PROPN
easat-9517	308	12	19	19	NUM
easat-9517	308	13	–	–	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	14	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	308	15	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	308	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	308	17	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ
easat-9517	308	18	times	time	NOUN
easat-9517	308	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	21	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	308	22	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	308	23	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9517	308	24	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	308	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	26	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	308	27	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	308	28	40	40	NUM
easat-9517	308	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	30	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	308	31	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	308	32	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	308	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	308	34	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	308	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	309	1	243	243	NUM
easat-9517	309	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	309	3	247	247	NUM
easat-9517	309	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	309	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9517	309	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	310	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479	https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	311	2	10	10	NUM
easat-9517	311	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	311	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	311	5	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	311	6	ylimaki	ylimaki	PROPN
easat-9517	311	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	311	10	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	311	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	311	12	a	a	DET
easat-9517	311	13	conservative	conservative	ADJ
easat-9517	311	14	era	era	NOUN
easat-9517	311	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	17	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	311	18	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-9517	311	19	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
easat-9517	311	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	21	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	311	22	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	311	23	48	48	NUM
easat-9517	311	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	25	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	311	26	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	311	27	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	311	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	311	29	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	311	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	312	1	304	304	NUM
easat-9517	312	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	312	3	346	346	NUM
easat-9517	312	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	312	5	2012	2012	NUM
easat-9517	312	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	313	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161x11427393	https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161x11427393	PROPN
easat-9517	314	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	314	2	11	11	NUM
easat-9517	314	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	314	4	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9517	314	5	zainal	zainal	PROPN
easat-9517	314	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	7	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9517	314	8	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9517	314	9	awang	awang	PROPN
easat-9517	314	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	11	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	314	12	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	314	13	ahmad	ahmad	PROPN
easat-9517	314	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	15	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	314	16	ahmad	ahmad	PROPN
easat-9517	314	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	314	19	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	314	20	muhthar	muhthar	PROPN
easat-9517	314	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	22	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	23	a	a	DET
easat-9517	314	24	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	314	25	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	314	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	314	27	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	314	28	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	314	29	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	314	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	314	31	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	314	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	314	33	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
easat-9517	314	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	35	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	314	37	the	the	DET
easat-9517	314	38	2nd	2nd	ADJ
easat-9517	314	39	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	314	40	conference	conference	NOUN
easat-9517	314	41	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	314	42	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-9517	314	43	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	314	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	314	45	multi	multi	ADJ
easat-9517	314	46	-	-	ADJ
easat-9517	314	47	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
easat-9517	314	48	society	society	NOUN
easat-9517	314	49	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	314	50	2019	2019	NUM
easat-9517	314	51	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	315	2	12	12	NUM
easat-9517	315	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	315	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9517	315	5	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9517	315	6	mohammad	mohammad	PROPN
easat-9517	315	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	315	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9517	315	9	ismail	ismail	PROPN
easat-9517	315	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	11	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	12	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	315	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	315	14	between	between	ADP
easat-9517	315	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
easat-9517	315	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	315	17	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	315	18	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	315	19	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	315	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	315	21	employability	employability	NOUN
easat-9517	315	22	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9517	315	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	315	24	tvet	tvet	NOUN
easat-9517	315	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	315	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	28	open	open	ADJ
easat-9517	315	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	315	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	315	31	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	315	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	315	33	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	315	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	315	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	315	37	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	315	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	39	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	315	40	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	315	41	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	315	42	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	315	43	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	315	44	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	316	1	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	316	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	316	3	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	316	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	316	5	2019	2019	NUM
easat-9517	316	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	317	2	13	13	NUM
easat-9517	317	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-9517	317	5	paramasivam	paramasivam	PROPN
easat-9517	317	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	8	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	317	9	models	model	NOUN
easat-9517	317	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	317	11	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9517	317	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	317	13	the	the	DET
easat-9517	317	14	context	context	NOUN
easat-9517	317	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	317	16	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	317	17	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	317	18	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	317	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	20	a	a	DET
easat-9517	317	21	case	case	NOUN
easat-9517	317	22	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	317	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	317	24	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	317	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	317	26	year	year	NOUN
easat-9517	317	27	four	four	NUM
easat-9517	317	28	history	history	NOUN
easat-9517	317	29	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	317	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	317	31	the	the	DET
easat-9517	317	32	district	district	NOUN
easat-9517	317	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	317	34	kuala	kuala	PROPN
easat-9517	317	35	selangor	selangor	PROPN
easat-9517	317	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	37	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	317	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	39	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	40	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	317	41	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	317	42	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	317	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	44	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	317	45	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9517	317	46	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9517	317	47	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	317	48	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	317	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	317	50	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	317	51	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	317	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	53	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	317	54	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	317	55	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	317	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	57	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	317	58	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	317	59	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	317	60	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	317	61	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	317	62	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	318	1	38	38	NUM
easat-9517	318	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	318	3	52	52	NUM
easat-9517	318	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	318	5	2018	2018	NUM
easat-9517	318	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	319	1	https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol8.no2.5.2018	https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol8.no2.5.2018	NOUN
easat-9517	320	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	320	2	14	14	NUM
easat-9517	320	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	320	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	320	5	sathappan	sathappan	PROPN
easat-9517	320	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	320	7	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-9517	320	8	gurusamy	gurusamy	NOUN
easat-9517	320	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	320	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	320	11	a	a	DET
easat-9517	320	12	case	case	NOUN
easat-9517	320	13	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	320	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	320	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	320	16	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	320	17	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	320	18	practicum	practicum	NOUN
easat-9517	320	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	320	20	a	a	DET
easat-9517	320	21	tesl	tesl	PROPN
easat-9517	320	22	programme	programme	NOUN
easat-9517	320	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	320	24	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	320	25	malaysian	malaysian	ADJ
easat-9517	320	26	institutions	institution	NOUN
easat-9517	320	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	320	28	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	320	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	320	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	320	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	320	32	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	320	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	320	34	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	320	35	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	320	36	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	320	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	320	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	320	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	320	40	15	15	NUM
easat-9517	320	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	320	42	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	320	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	321	1	11	11	NUM
easat-9517	321	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	321	3	26	26	NUM
easat-9517	321	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	321	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9517	321	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	1	https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v15i.8596	https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v15i.8596	NOUN
easat-9517	322	2	[	[	X
easat-9517	322	3	15	15	NUM
easat-9517	322	4	]	]	X
easat-9517	322	5	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-9517	322	6	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	322	7	majid	majid	PROPN
easat-9517	322	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	9	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	10	a	a	DET
easat-9517	322	11	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	322	12	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	322	13	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	322	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	322	15	current	current	ADJ
easat-9517	322	16	tesl	tesl	PROPN
easat-9517	322	17	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
easat-9517	322	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	19	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-9517	322	20	a	a	DET
easat-9517	322	21	match	match	NOUN
easat-9517	322	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	322	23	industry	industry	NOUN
easat-9517	322	24	revolution	revolution	NOUN
easat-9517	322	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	26	ir	ir	NOUN
easat-9517	322	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	29	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	322	30	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	322	31	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	322	32	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	322	33	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
easat-9517	322	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	322	35	english	english	ADJ
easat-9517	322	36	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9517	322	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	322	38	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	322	39	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	323	1	7	7	NUM
easat-9517	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	323	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	323	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	323	5	6	6	NUM
easat-9517	323	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	323	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9517	323	8	214	214	NUM
easat-9517	323	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	323	10	2018	2018	NUM
easat-9517	323	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	324	1	https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.214	https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.214	PROPN
easat-9517	325	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	325	2	16	16	NUM
easat-9517	325	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	325	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	325	5	murphy	murphy	PROPN
easat-9517	325	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	325	7	principal	principal	ADJ
easat-9517	325	8	instructional	instructional	ADJ
easat-9517	325	9	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	325	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	326	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	326	2	f.	f.	PROPN
easat-9517	326	3	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	326	4	newmann	newmann	PROPN
easat-9517	326	5	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	326	6	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-9517	326	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	326	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9517	326	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	326	10	advances	advance	NOUN
easat-9517	326	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	326	12	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	326	13	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-9517	326	14	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9517	326	15	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	326	16	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	327	1	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	327	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	327	3	b	b	X
easat-9517	327	4	changing	change	VERB
easat-9517	327	5	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-9517	327	6	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	327	7	the	the	DET
easat-9517	327	8	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	327	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	328	1	new	new	PROPN
easat-9517	328	2	york	york	PROPN
easat-9517	328	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	328	4	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
easat-9517	328	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	328	6	1990	1990	NUM
easat-9517	328	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	329	2	17	17	NUM
easat-9517	329	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	329	4	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-9517	329	5	burnes	burnes	PROPN
easat-9517	329	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	8	the	the	DET
easat-9517	329	9	origins	origin	NOUN
easat-9517	329	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	329	11	lewin	lewin	PROPN
easat-9517	329	12	’s	’s	PART
easat-9517	329	13	three	three	NUM
easat-9517	329	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	15	step	step	NOUN
easat-9517	329	16	model	model	NOUN
easat-9517	329	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	329	18	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	329	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	21	the	the	DET
easat-9517	329	22	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	329	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	329	24	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	329	25	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
easat-9517	329	26	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	329	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	28	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	329	29	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	329	30	56	56	NUM
easat-9517	329	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	32	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	329	33	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	329	34	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	329	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	329	36	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	329	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	330	1	32	32	NUM
easat-9517	330	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	330	3	59	59	NUM
easat-9517	330	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	330	5	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9517	330	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	331	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319892685	https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319892685	NUM
easat-9517	332	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	332	2	18	18	NUM
easat-9517	332	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	332	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	332	5	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-9517	332	6	creswell	creswell	PROPN
easat-9517	332	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	332	8	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9517	332	9	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9517	332	10	poth	poth	PROPN
easat-9517	332	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	332	12	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	332	13	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
easat-9517	332	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	332	15	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	332	16	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	332	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	332	18	choosing	choose	VERB
easat-9517	332	19	among	among	ADP
easat-9517	332	20	five	five	NUM
easat-9517	332	21	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9517	332	22	4th	4th	ADJ
easat-9517	332	23	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-9517	332	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	333	1	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-9517	333	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	334	1	thousand	thousand	NUM
easat-9517	334	2	oaks	oak	NOUN
easat-9517	334	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	334	4	ca	can	AUX
easat-9517	334	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	334	6	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-9517	334	7	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-9517	334	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	334	9	2018	2018	NUM
easat-9517	334	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	335	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	335	2	19	19	NUM
easat-9517	335	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	335	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	335	5	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	335	6	yin	yin	PROPN
easat-9517	335	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	335	8	case	case	NOUN
easat-9517	335	9	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	335	10	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	335	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	335	12	applications	application	NOUN
easat-9517	335	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	335	14	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	335	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	335	16	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	335	17	6th	6th	ADJ
easat-9517	335	18	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-9517	335	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	336	1	ed	ed	NOUN
easat-9517	336	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	337	1	thousand	thousand	NUM
easat-9517	337	2	oaks	oak	NOUN
easat-9517	337	3	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	337	4	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-9517	337	5	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-9517	337	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	337	7	2018	2018	NUM
easat-9517	337	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	338	2	20	20	NUM
easat-9517	338	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	4	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9517	338	5	baxter	baxter	PROPN
easat-9517	338	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	338	7	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9517	338	8	jack	jack	PROPN
easat-9517	338	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	11	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	338	12	case	case	NOUN
easat-9517	338	13	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	338	14	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-9517	338	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	16	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	338	17	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	338	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	338	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	338	20	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	338	21	novice	novice	NOUN
easat-9517	338	22	researchers	researcher	NOUN
easat-9517	338	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	24	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	25	the	the	DET
easat-9517	338	26	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	338	27	report	report	NOUN
easat-9517	338	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	338	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	338	31	13	13	NUM
easat-9517	338	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	33	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	338	34	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	338	35	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	338	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	338	37	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	338	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	339	1	544	544	NUM
easat-9517	339	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	339	3	559	559	NUM
easat-9517	339	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	339	5	2008	2008	NUM
easat-9517	339	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	340	1	https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573	https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573	NOUN
easat-9517	341	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	341	2	21	21	NUM
easat-9517	341	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	341	4	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9517	341	5	b.	b.	PROPN
easat-9517	341	6	merriam	merriam	PROPN
easat-9517	341	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	341	8	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-9517	341	9	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	341	10	tisdell	tisdell	PROPN
easat-9517	341	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	341	12	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	341	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	341	14	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	341	15	a	a	DET
easat-9517	341	16	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-9517	341	17	to	to	PART
easat-9517	341	18	design	design	VERB
easat-9517	341	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	341	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	341	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	342	1	san	san	PROPN
easat-9517	342	2	francisco	francisco	PROPN
easat-9517	342	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	342	4	ca	can	AUX
easat-9517	342	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	342	6	josseybass	josseybass	VERB
easat-9517	342	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	342	8	2016	2016	NUM
easat-9517	342	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	343	2	22	22	NUM
easat-9517	343	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	343	4	i.	i.	NOUN
easat-9517	343	5	etikan	etikan	PROPN
easat-9517	343	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	343	7	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	343	8	bala	bala	PROPN
easat-9517	343	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	11	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-9517	343	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	343	13	sampling	sample	VERB
easat-9517	343	14	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	343	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	17	biometrics	biometric	NOUN
easat-9517	343	18	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9517	343	19	biostatistics	biostatistics	PROPN
easat-9517	343	20	international	international	PROPN
easat-9517	343	21	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-9517	343	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	343	24	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	343	25	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	343	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	27	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	343	28	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	343	29	6	6	NUM
easat-9517	343	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	31	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9517	343	32	00149	00149	NUM
easat-9517	343	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	343	34	2017	2017	NUM
easat-9517	343	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	1	https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149	https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149	PRON
easat-9517	344	2	[	[	X
easat-9517	344	3	23	23	NUM
easat-9517	344	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	5	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	344	6	sim	sim	PROPN
easat-9517	344	7	poh	poh	PROPN
easat-9517	344	8	thong	thong	PROPN
easat-9517	344	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	344	10	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-9517	344	11	chang	chang	PROPN
easat-9517	344	12	hui	hui	PROPN
easat-9517	344	13	chung	chung	PROPN
easat-9517	344	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	15	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	344	17	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	344	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	344	19	academic	academic	ADJ
easat-9517	344	20	leaders	leader	NOUN
easat-9517	344	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	344	22	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9517	344	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	344	24	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9517	344	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	344	26	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	344	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	344	28	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	344	29	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	344	30	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	344	31	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-9517	344	32	branch	branch	NOUN
easat-9517	344	33	campus	campus	NOUN
easat-9517	344	34	universities	university	NOUN
easat-9517	344	35	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	344	36	sarawak	sarawak	NOUN
easat-9517	344	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	38	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	39	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	344	40	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	344	41	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	344	42	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-9517	344	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	344	44	technical	technical	ADJ
easat-9517	344	45	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	344	46	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	344	47	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	344	48	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	345	1	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	345	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	345	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	345	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	345	5	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	345	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	345	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	345	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	346	1	127–143	127–143	NUM
easat-9517	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	346	3	2023	2023	NUM
easat-9517	346	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	347	2	24	24	NUM
easat-9517	347	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	5	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	6	palinkas	palinkas	PROPN
easat-9517	347	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	8	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	9	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	10	horwitz	horwitz	PROPN
easat-9517	347	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	12	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	13	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9517	347	14	green	green	PROPN
easat-9517	347	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	16	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	17	p.	p.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	18	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN
easat-9517	347	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	20	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	21	duan	duan	PROPN
easat-9517	347	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	347	24	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9517	347	25	hoagwood	hoagwood	PROPN
easat-9517	347	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	27	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	28	purposeful	purposeful	ADJ
easat-9517	347	29	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-9517	347	30	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	347	31	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9517	347	32	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9517	347	33	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-9517	347	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	347	35	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	347	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	347	37	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-9517	347	38	method	method	NOUN
easat-9517	347	39	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	347	40	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	347	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	42	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	43	administration	administration	NOUN
easat-9517	347	44	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	347	45	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9517	347	46	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	347	47	mental	mental	ADJ
easat-9517	347	48	health	health	NOUN
easat-9517	347	49	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	347	50	mental	mental	ADJ
easat-9517	347	51	health	health	NOUN
easat-9517	347	52	services	service	NOUN
easat-9517	347	53	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	347	54	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	347	55	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	347	56	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	348	1	42	42	NUM
easat-9517	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	348	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	348	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	348	5	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	348	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	348	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	348	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	349	1	533	533	NUM
easat-9517	349	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	349	3	544	544	NUM
easat-9517	349	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	349	5	2015	2015	NUM
easat-9517	349	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	350	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-0130528-y	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-0130528-y	PROPN
easat-9517	351	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	351	2	25	25	NUM
easat-9517	351	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	351	4	v.	v.	CCONJ
easat-9517	351	5	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9517	351	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	351	7	v.	v.	ADP
easat-9517	351	8	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9517	351	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	351	10	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9517	351	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	351	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	351	13	a	a	DET
easat-9517	351	14	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9517	351	15	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-9517	351	16	london	london	PROPN
easat-9517	351	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	351	18	england	england	PROPN
easat-9517	351	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	351	20	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-9517	351	21	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-9517	351	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	351	23	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9517	351	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	352	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	352	2	26	26	NUM
easat-9517	352	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	352	4	v.	v.	PROPN
easat-9517	352	5	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9517	352	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	352	7	v.	v.	CCONJ
easat-9517	352	8	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9517	352	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	352	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	352	11	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9517	352	12	hayfield	hayfield	PROPN
easat-9517	352	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	352	14	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9517	352	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9517	352	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	353	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	353	2	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	353	3	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	353	4	smith	smith	PROPN
easat-9517	353	5	qualitative	qualitative	PROPN
easat-9517	353	6	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-9517	353	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	353	8	a	a	DET
easat-9517	353	9	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9517	353	10	guide	guide	NOUN
easat-9517	353	11	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	353	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	353	13	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9517	353	14	london	london	PROPN
easat-9517	353	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	353	16	england	england	PROPN
easat-9517	353	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	353	18	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-9517	353	19	publications	publication	NOUN
easat-9517	353	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	353	21	2015	2015	NUM
easat-9517	353	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	354	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938	https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938	PROPN
easat-9517	355	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479	https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479	PROPN
easat-9517	355	2	https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161x11427393	https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161x11427393	PROPN
easat-9517	355	3	https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol8.no2.5.2018	https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol8.no2.5.2018	VERB
easat-9517	355	4	https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v15i.8596	https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v15i.8596	NOUN
easat-9517	355	5	https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.214	https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.214	PROPN
easat-9517	355	6	https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319892685	https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319892685	NUM
easat-9517	355	7	https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573	https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573	VERB
easat-9517	355	8	https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149	https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149	PROPN
easat-9517	355	9	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y	PROPN
easat-9517	355	10	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y	PROPN
easat-9517	355	11	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	355	12	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9517	355	13	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	355	14	science	science	NOUN
easat-9517	355	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	355	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9517	355	17	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9517	355	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	355	19	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9517	355	20	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	355	21	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9517	355	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	355	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	356	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	356	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	356	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	356	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	356	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9517	356	6	:	:	SYM
easat-9517	356	7	976	976	NUM
easat-9517	356	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	356	9	988	988	NUM
easat-9517	356	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	356	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	356	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9517	356	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	356	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9517	356	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	356	16	8484.v9i8.9517	8484.v9i8.9517	NUM
easat-9517	357	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9517	357	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9517	357	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9517	357	4	the	the	DET
easat-9517	357	5	authors	author	NOUN
easat-9517	357	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9517	357	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9517	357	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	357	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9517	358	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	358	2	27	27	NUM
easat-9517	358	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	4	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9517	358	5	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9517	358	6	law	law	PROPN
easat-9517	358	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	9	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	358	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	358	11	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	358	12	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	358	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	358	14	the	the	DET
easat-9517	358	15	transition	transition	NOUN
easat-9517	358	16	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	358	17	online	online	ADJ
easat-9517	358	18	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	358	19	delivery	delivery	NOUN
easat-9517	358	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	358	21	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
easat-9517	358	22	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	23	a	a	DET
easat-9517	358	24	comparative	comparative	ADJ
easat-9517	358	25	case	case	NOUN
easat-9517	358	26	study	study	NOUN
easat-9517	358	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	28	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	29	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	358	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	358	31	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9517	358	32	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	358	33	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	358	34	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	358	35	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	358	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	358	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	358	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	359	1	16	16	NUM
easat-9517	359	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	359	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	359	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	359	5	4	4	NUM
easat-9517	359	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	359	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	359	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	360	1	1146	1146	NUM
easat-9517	360	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	360	3	1159	1159	NUM
easat-9517	360	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	360	5	2023	2023	NUM
easat-9517	360	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	361	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-02-2023-0054	https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-02-2023-0054	NOUN
easat-9517	362	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	362	2	28	28	NUM
easat-9517	362	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	362	4	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9517	362	5	funk	funk	PROPN
easat-9517	362	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	7	k.	k.	NOUN
easat-9517	362	8	uhing	uhing	PROPN
easat-9517	362	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	10	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9517	362	11	williams	williams	PROPN
easat-9517	362	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	362	14	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-9517	362	15	m.	m.	PROPN
easat-9517	362	16	smith	smith	PROPN
easat-9517	362	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	18	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	19	the	the	DET
easat-9517	362	20	role	role	NOUN
easat-9517	362	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	362	22	leadership	leadership	NOUN
easat-9517	362	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	362	24	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9517	362	25	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	362	26	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	27	a	a	DET
easat-9517	362	28	comparison	comparison	NOUN
easat-9517	362	29	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	362	30	two	two	NUM
easat-9517	362	31	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
easat-9517	362	32	departments	department	NOUN
easat-9517	362	33	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	34	initiation	initiation	NOUN
easat-9517	362	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	36	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	362	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	362	39	sustainment	sustainment	NOUN
easat-9517	362	40	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	362	41	active	active	ADJ
easat-9517	362	42	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9517	362	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	44	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	45	sn	sn	PROPN
easat-9517	362	46	social	social	ADJ
easat-9517	362	47	sciences	science	NOUN
easat-9517	362	48	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	49	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	362	50	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	362	51	2	2	NUM
easat-9517	362	52	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	53	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	362	54	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	362	55	12	12	NUM
easat-9517	362	56	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	57	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9517	362	58	258	258	NUM
easat-9517	362	59	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	362	60	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9517	362	61	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	363	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00565-8	https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00565-8	PROPN
easat-9517	364	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	364	2	29	29	NUM
easat-9517	364	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	364	4	e.	e.	PROPN
easat-9517	364	5	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-9517	364	6	suleh	suleh	PROPN
easat-9517	364	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	364	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	364	9	integration	integration	NOUN
easat-9517	364	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	364	11	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9517	364	12	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	364	13	design	design	NOUN
easat-9517	364	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	364	15	student	student	NOUN
easat-9517	364	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	364	17	centred	centre	VERB
easat-9517	364	18	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-9517	364	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	364	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	364	21	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	364	22	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	364	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	364	24	novel	novel	ADJ
easat-9517	364	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	364	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	364	27	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	364	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	364	29	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	364	30	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	365	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9517	365	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	365	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	365	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	365	5	5	5	NUM
easat-9517	365	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	365	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	365	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	366	1	2456	2456	NUM
easat-9517	366	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	366	3	4184	4184	NUM
easat-9517	366	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	366	5	2024	2024	NUM
easat-9517	366	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	367	2	30	30	NUM
easat-9517	367	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	367	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-9517	367	5	cai	cai	PROPN
easat-9517	367	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	367	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	367	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	367	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	11	the	the	DET
easat-9517	367	12	2021	2021	NUM
easat-9517	367	13	china	china	PROPN
easat-9517	367	14	report	report	NOUN
easat-9517	367	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	367	16	the	the	DET
easat-9517	367	17	lancet	lancet	PROPN
easat-9517	367	18	countdown	countdown	NOUN
easat-9517	367	19	on	on	ADP
easat-9517	367	20	health	health	NOUN
easat-9517	367	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	367	22	climate	climate	NOUN
easat-9517	367	23	change	change	NOUN
easat-9517	367	24	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	25	seizing	seize	VERB
easat-9517	367	26	the	the	DET
easat-9517	367	27	window	window	NOUN
easat-9517	367	28	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	367	29	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9517	367	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	32	the	the	DET
easat-9517	367	33	lancet	lancet	PROPN
easat-9517	367	34	public	public	PROPN
easat-9517	367	35	health	health	NOUN
easat-9517	367	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	37	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	367	38	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	367	39	6	6	NUM
easat-9517	367	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	41	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	367	42	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	367	43	12	12	NUM
easat-9517	367	44	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	367	45	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	367	46	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	368	1	e932	e932	PROPN
easat-9517	368	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	368	3	e947	e947	PROPN
easat-9517	368	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	368	5	2021	2021	NUM
easat-9517	368	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	369	2	31	31	NUM
easat-9517	369	3	]	]	X
easat-9517	369	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9517	369	5	simon	simon	PROPN
easat-9517	369	6	et	et	PROPN
easat-9517	369	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-9517	369	8	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	369	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	11	patients	patient	NOUN
easat-9517	369	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9517	369	13	immune	immune	NOUN
easat-9517	369	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	15	mediated	mediate	VERB
easat-9517	369	16	inflammatory	inflammatory	ADJ
easat-9517	369	17	diseases	disease	NOUN
easat-9517	369	18	receiving	receive	VERB
easat-9517	369	19	cytokine	cytokine	ADJ
easat-9517	369	20	inhibitors	inhibitor	NOUN
easat-9517	369	21	have	have	VERB
easat-9517	369	22	low	low	ADJ
easat-9517	369	23	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
easat-9517	369	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	369	25	sars	sar	NOUN
easat-9517	369	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	27	cov-2	cov-2	PART
easat-9517	369	28	seroconversion	seroconversion	NOUN
easat-9517	369	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	31	nature	nature	NOUN
easat-9517	369	32	communications	communication	NOUN
easat-9517	369	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	369	34	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	369	35	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	370	1	11	11	NUM
easat-9517	370	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	370	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	370	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	370	5	1	1	NUM
easat-9517	370	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	370	7	p.	p.	NOUN
easat-9517	370	8	3774	3774	NUM
easat-9517	370	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	370	10	2020	2020	NUM
easat-9517	370	11	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	1	[	[	X
easat-9517	371	2	32	32	NUM
easat-9517	371	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	4	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	371	5	riad	riad	PROPN
easat-9517	371	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	8	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
easat-9517	371	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9517	371	10	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9517	371	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	371	12	management	management	NOUN
easat-9517	371	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	371	14	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9517	371	15	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	371	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	371	17	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9517	371	18	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	371	19	improvement	improvement	NOUN
easat-9517	371	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	22	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	371	23	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	371	24	for	for	ADP
easat-9517	371	25	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9517	371	26	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	371	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	371	28	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	371	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	30	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9517	371	31	.	.	PROPN
easat-9517	371	32	10	10	NUM
easat-9517	371	33	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	34	no	no	INTJ
easat-9517	371	35	.	.	NOUN
easat-9517	371	36	12	12	NUM
easat-9517	371	37	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	38	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9517	371	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	40	89	89	NUM
easat-9517	371	41	-	-	SYM
easat-9517	371	42	93	93	NUM
easat-9517	371	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	371	44	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9517	371	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	1	https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss12.4007	https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss12.4007	VERB
easat-9517	372	2	[	[	SYM
easat-9517	372	3	33	33	NUM
easat-9517	372	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	5	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9517	372	6	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9517	372	7	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	8	j.	j.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	9	i.	i.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	10	s.	s.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	11	o.	o.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	12	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	13	a.	a.	PROPN
easat-9517	372	14	rabiu	rabiu	PROPN
easat-9517	372	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	17	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9517	372	18	change	change	VERB
easat-9517	372	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9517	372	20	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9517	372	21	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	22	perception	perception	NOUN
easat-9517	372	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	372	24	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9517	372	25	school	school	NOUN
easat-9517	372	26	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9517	372	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	372	28	oyo	oyo	NOUN
easat-9517	372	29	state	state	NOUN
easat-9517	372	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	31	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	32	international	international	ADJ
easat-9517	372	33	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9517	372	34	of	of	ADP
easat-9517	372	35	research	research	NOUN
easat-9517	372	36	in	in	ADP
easat-9517	372	37	education	education	NOUN
easat-9517	372	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9517	372	39	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
easat-9517	372	40	development	development	NOUN
easat-9517	372	41	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9517	372	42	2022	2022	NUM
easat-9517	372	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9517	373	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-02-2023-0054	https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-02-2023-0054	NOUN
easat-9517	373	2	https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00565-8	https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00565-8	PROPN
easat-9517	373	3	https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss12.4007	https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss12.4007	VERB