id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
easat-9554	1	1	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	1	2	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	1	3	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	1	5	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	1	8	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	1	9	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	1	10	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	1	11	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	1	12	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	2	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	2	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	2	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	2	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	2	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	2	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	2	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	2	10	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	2	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
easat-9554	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	2	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	2	14	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	2	15	doi	doi	PROPN
easat-9554	2	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	2	17	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	2	18	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	2	19	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	2	20	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	2	21	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	2	22	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	2	23	the	the	DET
easat-9554	2	24	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	2	25	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	2	26	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	2	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	2	28	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	3	1	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	3	2	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	3	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	3	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	3	5	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	3	8	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	3	9	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	3	10	history	history	NOUN
easat-9554	3	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	12	received	receive	VERB
easat-9554	3	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	14	17	17	NUM
easat-9554	3	15	june	june	PROPN
easat-9554	3	16	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	3	17	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	18	revised	revise	VERB
easat-9554	3	19	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	20	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	3	21	august	august	PROPN
easat-9554	3	22	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	3	23	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	24	accepted	accept	VERB
easat-9554	3	25	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	26	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	3	27	august	august	PROPN
easat-9554	3	28	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	3	29	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	30	published	publish	VERB
easat-9554	3	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	32	20	20	NUM
easat-9554	3	33	august	august	PROPN
easat-9554	3	34	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	3	35	*	*	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	36	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
easat-9554	3	37	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	38	i.alhujayri@outlook.com	i.alhujayri@outlook.com	X
easat-9554	3	39	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	3	40	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	3	41	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	3	42	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	3	43	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	3	44	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	3	45	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	3	46	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	3	47	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	3	48	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	3	49	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	3	50	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	3	51	israa	israa	NOUN
easat-9554	3	52	ahmed	ahmed	PROPN
easat-9554	3	53	y.	y.	PROPN
easat-9554	3	54	alhujayri1	alhujayri1	PROPN
easat-9554	4	1	*	*	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	1	1independent	1independent	NUM
easat-9554	5	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
easat-9554	5	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	4	jeddah	jeddah	PROPN
easat-9554	5	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	6	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	5	7	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	5	8	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	9	i.alhujayri@outlook.com	i.alhujayri@outlook.com	PROPN
easat-9554	5	10	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	11	i.a.y.a	i.a.y.a	PROPN
easat-9554	5	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	13	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	5	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	6	1	abstract	abstract	ADV
easat-9554	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	6	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	6	4	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-9554	6	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	6	6	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	6	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	6	8	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	6	9	gained	gain	VERB
easat-9554	6	10	prominence	prominence	NOUN
easat-9554	6	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	6	12	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	6	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	6	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	6	15	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	6	16	elt	elt	NOUN
easat-9554	6	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	6	18	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	6	19	an	an	DET
easat-9554	6	20	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	6	21	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9554	6	22	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-9554	6	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	6	24	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	6	25	within	within	ADP
easat-9554	6	26	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9554	6	27	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9554	6	28	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	6	29	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	6	30	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	6	31	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	6	32	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	6	33	dominate	dominate	VERB
easat-9554	6	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	7	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	7	2	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-9554	7	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	7	4	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	7	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	7	6	explores	explore	VERB
easat-9554	7	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	7	8	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	7	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	7	10	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	7	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	7	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	7	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	7	14	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	7	15	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	7	16	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	7	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	7	18	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	7	19	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	7	20	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	7	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	8	1	drawing	draw	VERB
easat-9554	8	2	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	8	3	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	8	4	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-9554	8	5	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	8	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	8	7	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	8	8	open	open	ADJ
easat-9554	8	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	8	10	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	8	11	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	8	12	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	8	13	82	82	NUM
easat-9554	8	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	8	15	across	across	ADP
easat-9554	8	16	ten	ten	NUM
easat-9554	8	17	regions	region	NOUN
easat-9554	8	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	8	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	8	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	8	21	reveals	reveal	VERB
easat-9554	8	22	a	a	DET
easat-9554	8	23	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9554	8	24	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9554	8	25	among	among	ADP
easat-9554	8	26	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	8	27	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	8	28	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	8	29	the	the	DET
easat-9554	8	30	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	8	31	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	8	32	student	student	NOUN
easat-9554	8	33	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	8	34	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	8	35	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	8	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	1	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	9	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-9554	9	3	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	9	4	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	9	5	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	9	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	9	7	employ	employ	VERB
easat-9554	9	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	9	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	10	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	9	11	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	9	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	9	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	9	14	shared	share	VERB
easat-9554	9	15	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9554	9	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	17	making	making	NOUN
easat-9554	9	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	9	19	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-9554	9	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	9	21	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	9	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	23	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	9	24	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9554	9	25	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	26	including	include	VERB
easat-9554	9	27	rigid	rigid	ADJ
easat-9554	9	28	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-9554	9	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	30	exam	exam	NOUN
easat-9554	9	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	32	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-9554	9	33	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-9554	9	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	9	36	a	a	DET
easat-9554	9	37	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9554	9	38	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	9	39	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	9	40	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	9	41	—	—	PUNCT
easat-9554	9	42	limit	limit	VERB
easat-9554	9	43	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	9	44	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9554	9	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	10	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	10	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	10	3	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-9554	10	4	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	10	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	10	6	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-9554	10	7	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	10	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	10	9	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9554	10	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	10	11	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	10	12	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	10	13	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	10	14	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-9554	10	15	key	key	ADJ
easat-9554	10	16	areas	area	NOUN
easat-9554	10	17	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	10	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	10	19	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	10	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	10	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9554	10	22	support	support	NOUN
easat-9554	10	23	to	to	PART
easat-9554	10	24	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
easat-9554	10	25	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	10	26	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	10	27	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	10	28	elt	elt	NOUN
easat-9554	10	29	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9554	10	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
easat-9554	11	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	3	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	11	4	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	11	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	11	6	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	7	elt	elt	PROPN
easat-9554	11	8	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	10	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	11	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	11	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	11	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	14	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	11	15	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	17	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	11	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	11	19	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	11	20	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	11	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	12	1	1	1	X
easat-9554	12	2	.	.	X
easat-9554	12	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
easat-9554	12	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	12	5	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-9554	12	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	12	7	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	12	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	12	9	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	12	10	become	become	VERB
easat-9554	12	11	a	a	DET
easat-9554	12	12	cornerstone	cornerstone	NOUN
easat-9554	12	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	12	14	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-9554	12	15	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	12	16	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	12	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	12	18	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	12	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	12	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	12	21	field	field	NOUN
easat-9554	12	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	12	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	12	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	12	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	12	26	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9554	12	27	the	the	DET
easat-9554	12	28	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9554	12	29	to	to	PART
easat-9554	12	30	independently	independently	ADV
easat-9554	12	31	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9554	12	32	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	12	33	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	12	34	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
easat-9554	12	35	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9554	12	36	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	12	37	crucial	crucial	ADJ
easat-9554	12	38	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	12	39	long	long	ADJ
easat-9554	12	40	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	12	41	term	term	NOUN
easat-9554	12	42	success	success	NOUN
easat-9554	12	43	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	13	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	13	2	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9554	13	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	13	4	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	13	5	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	13	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	13	7	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	13	8	defined	define	VERB
easat-9554	13	9	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	13	10	holec	holec	NOUN
easat-9554	13	11	[	[	X
easat-9554	13	12	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	13	13	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	13	14	involves	involve	VERB
easat-9554	13	15	an	an	DET
easat-9554	13	16	individual	individual	NOUN
easat-9554	13	17	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	13	18	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9554	13	19	to	to	PART
easat-9554	13	20	take	take	VERB
easat-9554	13	21	charge	charge	NOUN
easat-9554	13	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	13	23	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	13	24	own	own	ADJ
easat-9554	13	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	13	26	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	13	27	making	make	VERB
easat-9554	13	28	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9554	13	29	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-9554	13	30	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	13	31	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-9554	13	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	13	33	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	13	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	13	35	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	13	36	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
easat-9554	13	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	14	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	14	2	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	14	3	aligns	align	VERB
easat-9554	14	4	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	14	5	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-9554	14	6	shifts	shift	NOUN
easat-9554	14	7	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	14	8	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	14	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	14	10	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	14	11	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	14	12	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	14	13	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	14	14	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	14	15	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	14	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	14	17	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	14	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	14	19	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	14	20	's	's	PART
easat-9554	14	21	active	active	ADJ
easat-9554	14	22	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	14	23	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	14	24	constructing	construct	VERB
easat-9554	14	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	14	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	14	27	developing	develop	VERB
easat-9554	14	28	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-9554	14	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	14	30	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	14	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	15	2	the	the	DET
easat-9554	15	3	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN
easat-9554	15	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	15	5	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	15	6	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	15	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	8	ksa	ksa	PROPN
easat-9554	15	9	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	11	the	the	DET
easat-9554	15	12	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	15	13	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-9554	15	14	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	15	15	undergone	undergo	VERB
easat-9554	15	16	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9554	15	17	changes	change	NOUN
easat-9554	15	18	over	over	ADP
easat-9554	15	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	15	20	past	past	ADJ
easat-9554	15	21	decades	decade	NOUN
easat-9554	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	15	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	15	25	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	15	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	15	27	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	15	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	29	elt	elt	PROPN
easat-9554	15	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	15	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	16	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	16	2	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
easat-9554	16	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	16	4	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	16	5	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	16	6	a	a	DET
easat-9554	16	7	subject	subject	NOUN
easat-9554	16	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	16	9	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	16	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	16	11	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9554	16	12	school	school	NOUN
easat-9554	16	13	curricula	curricula	NOUN
easat-9554	16	14	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-9554	16	15	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	16	16	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9554	16	17	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	16	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	16	19	preparing	prepare	VERB
easat-9554	16	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	16	21	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	16	22	global	global	ADJ
easat-9554	16	23	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9554	16	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	16	25	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-9554	16	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	16	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	16	28	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	16	29	based	base	VERB
easat-9554	16	30	economies	economy	NOUN
easat-9554	16	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	17	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	17	2	these	these	DET
easat-9554	17	3	advancements	advancement	NOUN
easat-9554	17	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	17	5	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	17	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	17	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	17	8	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	17	9	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	17	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	17	11	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	17	12	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-9554	17	13	rote	rote	ADJ
easat-9554	17	14	memorization	memorization	NOUN
easat-9554	17	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	17	16	textbook	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	17	17	dependency	dependency	NOUN
easat-9554	17	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	17	19	continue	continue	VERB
easat-9554	17	20	to	to	PART
easat-9554	17	21	dominate	dominate	VERB
easat-9554	17	22	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	17	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	17	24	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	17	25	limiting	limit	VERB
easat-9554	17	26	the	the	DET
easat-9554	17	27	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9554	17	28	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	17	29	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	17	30	to	to	PART
easat-9554	17	31	develop	develop	VERB
easat-9554	17	32	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	17	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	18	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	18	2	current	current	ADJ
easat-9554	18	3	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	18	4	investigates	investigate	VERB
easat-9554	18	5	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9554	18	6	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	18	7	school	school	NOUN
easat-9554	18	8	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	18	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	18	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	18	11	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	18	12	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	18	13	perceive	perceive	NOUN
easat-9554	18	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	18	15	implement	implement	VERB
easat-9554	18	16	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	18	17	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	18	18	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	18	19	promote	promote	VERB
easat-9554	18	20	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	18	21	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	18	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	19	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	19	2	seeks	seek	VERB
easat-9554	19	3	to	to	PART
easat-9554	19	4	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9554	19	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	19	6	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	19	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	19	8	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	19	9	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9554	19	10	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	19	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	19	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	19	13	to	to	PART
easat-9554	19	14	assess	assess	VERB
easat-9554	19	15	the	the	DET
easat-9554	19	16	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-9554	19	17	to	to	PART
easat-9554	19	18	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	19	19	these	these	DET
easat-9554	19	20	align	align	VERB
easat-9554	19	21	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	19	22	the	the	DET
easat-9554	19	23	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	19	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	19	25	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9554	19	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	19	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	20	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	20	2	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9554	20	3	these	these	DET
easat-9554	20	4	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	20	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	20	6	this	this	DET
easat-9554	20	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	20	8	contributes	contribute	VERB
easat-9554	20	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	20	10	the	the	DET
easat-9554	20	11	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-9554	20	12	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-9554	20	13	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	20	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	20	15	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9554	20	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	20	17	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	20	18	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	20	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	20	20	provides	provide	VERB
easat-9554	20	21	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	20	22	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9554	20	23	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	20	24	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	20	25	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	20	26	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	20	27	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	20	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	20	29	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	20	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	20	31	to	to	PART
easat-9554	20	32	foster	foster	VERB
easat-9554	20	33	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	20	34	independence	independence	NOUN
easat-9554	20	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	21	1	1070	1070	NUM
easat-9554	21	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	21	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	21	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	21	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	21	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	21	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	21	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	21	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	21	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	21	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	21	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	21	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	22	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	22	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	22	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	22	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	22	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	22	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	22	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	22	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	22	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	22	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	22	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	22	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	22	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	22	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	22	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	22	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	22	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	22	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	22	25	gate	gate	VERB
easat-9554	22	26	the	the	DET
easat-9554	22	27	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	22	28	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	22	29	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-9554	22	30	lies	lie	VERB
easat-9554	22	31	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	22	32	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	22	33	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9554	22	34	to	to	PART
easat-9554	22	35	inform	inform	VERB
easat-9554	22	36	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	22	37	makers	maker	NOUN
easat-9554	22	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	39	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	22	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	22	41	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	22	42	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	22	43	designers	designer	NOUN
easat-9554	22	44	about	about	ADP
easat-9554	22	45	the	the	DET
easat-9554	22	46	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	22	47	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	22	48	integrating	integrate	VERB
easat-9554	22	49	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	22	50	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	22	51	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	22	52	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	22	53	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	22	54	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	23	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-9554	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	23	3	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	23	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	23	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	23	6	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	23	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	23	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	23	9	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	23	10	facilitators	facilitator	NOUN
easat-9554	23	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	23	12	creating	create	VERB
easat-9554	23	13	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	23	14	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9554	23	15	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	23	16	empower	empower	NOUN
easat-9554	23	17	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	23	18	to	to	PART
easat-9554	23	19	take	take	VERB
easat-9554	23	20	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-9554	23	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	23	22	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	23	23	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	23	24	journeys	journey	NOUN
easat-9554	23	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	24	1	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	24	2	an	an	DET
easat-9554	24	3	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
easat-9554	24	4	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	24	5	combining	combine	VERB
easat-9554	24	6	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	24	7	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
easat-9554	24	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	24	9	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	24	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	24	11	this	this	DET
easat-9554	24	12	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	24	13	aims	aim	VERB
easat-9554	24	14	to	to	PART
easat-9554	24	15	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-9554	24	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	24	17	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-9554	24	18	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	24	19	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-9554	24	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	24	21	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	24	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	24	23	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9554	24	24	actionable	actionable	ADJ
easat-9554	24	25	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
easat-9554	24	26	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	24	27	improving	improve	VERB
easat-9554	24	28	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	24	29	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	24	30	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	24	31	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	24	32	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	24	33	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	24	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	25	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	25	2	article	article	NOUN
easat-9554	25	3	builds	build	VERB
easat-9554	25	4	upon	upon	SCONJ
easat-9554	25	5	a	a	DET
easat-9554	25	6	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9554	25	7	review	review	NOUN
easat-9554	25	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	25	9	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9554	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	25	11	situating	situate	VERB
easat-9554	25	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	25	13	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9554	25	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	25	15	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	25	16	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	25	17	within	within	ADP
easat-9554	25	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	25	19	socio	socio	NOUN
easat-9554	25	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	25	21	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9554	25	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	25	23	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9554	25	24	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9554	25	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	25	26	the	the	DET
easat-9554	25	27	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	25	28	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	25	29	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	25	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	26	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	26	2	employs	employ	VERB
easat-9554	26	3	a	a	DET
easat-9554	26	4	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-9554	26	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	26	6	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	26	7	design	design	NOUN
easat-9554	26	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	26	9	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9554	26	10	a	a	DET
easat-9554	26	11	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	26	12	survey	survey	NOUN
easat-9554	26	13	to	to	PART
easat-9554	26	14	gather	gather	VERB
easat-9554	26	15	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	26	16	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	26	17	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	26	18	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	26	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	26	20	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	26	21	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	26	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	27	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	27	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	27	3	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9554	27	4	a	a	DET
easat-9554	27	5	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-9554	27	6	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9554	27	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	27	8	the	the	DET
easat-9554	27	9	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	27	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	27	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	27	12	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	27	13	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	27	14	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	27	15	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	27	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	27	17	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	27	18	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	27	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	27	20	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9554	27	21	a	a	DET
easat-9554	27	22	foundation	foundation	NOUN
easat-9554	27	23	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	27	24	further	further	ADJ
easat-9554	27	25	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9554	27	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	27	27	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	27	28	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-9554	27	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	28	1	2	2	X
easat-9554	28	2	.	.	X
easat-9554	28	3	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9554	28	4	review	review	PROPN
easat-9554	28	5	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	28	6	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	28	7	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	28	8	emerged	emerge	VERB
easat-9554	28	9	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	28	10	a	a	DET
easat-9554	28	11	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-9554	28	12	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9554	28	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	28	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	28	15	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-9554	28	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	28	17	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	28	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	28	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	28	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	28	21	the	the	DET
easat-9554	28	22	field	field	NOUN
easat-9554	28	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	28	24	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	28	25	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	28	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	29	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	29	2	section	section	NOUN
easat-9554	29	3	critically	critically	ADV
easat-9554	29	4	examines	examine	VERB
easat-9554	29	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	29	6	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9554	29	7	underpinnings	underpinning	NOUN
easat-9554	29	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	29	9	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	29	10	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	29	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	29	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	29	13	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	29	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	29	15	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	29	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	29	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	29	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	29	19	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	29	20	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-9554	29	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	29	22	the	the	DET
easat-9554	29	23	context	context	NOUN
easat-9554	29	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	29	25	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	29	26	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	29	27	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	29	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	30	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	30	2	draws	draw	VERB
easat-9554	30	3	extensively	extensively	ADV
easat-9554	30	4	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	30	5	existing	exist	VERB
easat-9554	30	6	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9554	30	7	to	to	PART
easat-9554	30	8	position	position	VERB
easat-9554	30	9	this	this	DET
easat-9554	30	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	30	11	within	within	ADP
easat-9554	30	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	30	13	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-9554	30	14	discourse	discourse	NOUN
easat-9554	30	15	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	30	16	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	30	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	30	18	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	30	19	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	30	20	elt	elt	NOUN
easat-9554	30	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	30	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	30	23	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	30	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	30	25	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	30	26	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	30	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	31	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
easat-9554	31	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	31	3	defining	define	VERB
easat-9554	31	4	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	31	5	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	31	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	31	7	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9554	31	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	31	9	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	31	10	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	31	11	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	31	12	foundational	foundational	ADJ
easat-9554	31	13	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	31	14	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
easat-9554	31	15	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	31	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	32	1	holec	holec	X
easat-9554	33	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	33	2	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	33	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	4	defines	define	VERB
easat-9554	33	5	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	33	6	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	33	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	33	8	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	9	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9554	33	10	to	to	PART
easat-9554	33	11	take	take	VERB
easat-9554	33	12	charge	charge	NOUN
easat-9554	33	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	33	14	one	one	NUM
easat-9554	33	15	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	33	16	own	own	ADJ
easat-9554	33	17	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	33	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	19	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	20	encompassing	encompass	VERB
easat-9554	33	21	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9554	33	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	23	making	making	NOUN
easat-9554	33	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	33	25	areas	area	NOUN
easat-9554	33	26	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	33	27	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	33	28	setting	set	VERB
easat-9554	33	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	33	30	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-9554	33	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	32	choosing	choose	VERB
easat-9554	33	33	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	33	34	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	33	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	33	36	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	33	37	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
easat-9554	33	38	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-9554	33	39	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	34	1	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	34	2	[	[	X
easat-9554	34	3	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	34	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	34	5	further	far	ADV
easat-9554	34	6	refines	refine	VERB
easat-9554	34	7	this	this	DET
easat-9554	34	8	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-9554	34	9	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	34	10	associating	associate	VERB
easat-9554	34	11	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	34	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	34	13	a	a	DET
easat-9554	34	14	psychological	psychological	ADJ
easat-9554	34	15	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9554	34	16	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	34	17	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	34	18	reflection	reflection	NOUN
easat-9554	34	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	34	20	decisionmaking	decisionmaking	NOUN
easat-9554	34	21	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	34	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	34	23	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-9554	34	24	action	action	NOUN
easat-9554	34	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	35	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	35	2	holec	holec	PROPN
easat-9554	35	3	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	35	4	definition	definition	NOUN
easat-9554	35	5	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	35	6	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	35	7	linked	link	VERB
easat-9554	35	8	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	35	9	adult	adult	NOUN
easat-9554	35	10	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	35	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	35	12	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	35	13	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	35	14	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	35	15	relevance	relevance	NOUN
easat-9554	35	16	across	across	ADP
easat-9554	35	17	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	35	18	contexts	context	NOUN
easat-9554	35	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	35	20	including	include	VERB
easat-9554	35	21	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-9554	35	22	schooling	schooling	NOUN
easat-9554	35	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	35	24	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9554	35	25	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	35	26	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	35	27	encouraged	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	35	28	to	to	PART
easat-9554	35	29	develop	develop	VERB
easat-9554	35	30	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	35	31	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	35	32	regulated	regulate	VERB
easat-9554	35	33	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	35	34	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	35	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	36	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	36	2	interplay	interplay	NOUN
easat-9554	36	3	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	36	4	independence	independence	NOUN
easat-9554	36	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	36	6	guided	guide	VERB
easat-9554	36	7	support	support	NOUN
easat-9554	36	8	underpins	underpin	VERB
easat-9554	36	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	36	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9554	36	11	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9554	36	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	36	13	this	this	DET
easat-9554	36	14	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	36	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	37	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	37	2	the	the	DET
easat-9554	37	3	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	37	4	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	37	5	context	context	NOUN
easat-9554	37	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	37	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	37	8	challenges	challenge	VERB
easat-9554	37	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	37	10	hierarchies	hierarchy	NOUN
easat-9554	37	11	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	37	12	place	place	VERB
easat-9554	37	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	37	14	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	37	15	sole	sole	ADJ
easat-9554	37	16	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-9554	37	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	37	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	37	19	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	37	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	38	1	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	38	2	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	38	4	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	38	5	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	38	6	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	38	7	necessitates	necessitate	VERB
easat-9554	38	8	redefining	redefine	VERB
easat-9554	38	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	38	10	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	38	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	38	12	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	38	13	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9554	38	14	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	38	15	support	support	VERB
easat-9554	38	16	student	student	NOUN
easat-9554	38	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	38	18	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9554	38	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	38	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	39	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	39	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9554	39	3	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-9554	39	4	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	39	5	aligned	align	VERB
easat-9554	39	6	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	39	7	global	global	ADJ
easat-9554	39	8	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9554	39	9	advocating	advocate	VERB
easat-9554	39	10	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	39	11	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	39	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	39	13	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	39	14	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	39	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	39	16	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9554	39	17	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	39	18	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	39	19	both	both	CCONJ
easat-9554	39	20	a	a	DET
easat-9554	39	21	goal	goal	NOUN
easat-9554	39	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	39	23	a	a	DET
easat-9554	39	24	means	means	NOUN
easat-9554	39	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	39	26	achieving	achieve	VERB
easat-9554	39	27	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9554	39	28	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	39	29	[	[	X
easat-9554	39	30	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	39	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	39	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	40	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-9554	40	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	40	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9554	40	4	misconceptions	misconception	NOUN
easat-9554	40	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	40	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	40	7	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	40	8	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	40	9	widespread	widespread	ADJ
easat-9554	40	10	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN
easat-9554	40	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	40	12	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	40	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	40	14	remains	remain	VERB
easat-9554	40	15	a	a	DET
easat-9554	40	16	contested	contest	VERB
easat-9554	40	17	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9554	40	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	40	19	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	40	20	misunderstood	misunderstood	VERB
easat-9554	40	21	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	40	22	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ
easat-9554	40	23	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	40	24	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	40	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	40	26	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-9554	40	27	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9554	40	28	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-9554	40	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	40	30	without	without	ADP
easat-9554	40	31	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	40	32	involvement	involvement	NOUN
easat-9554	40	33	[	[	X
easat-9554	40	34	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	40	35	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	40	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	41	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	41	2	misconceptions	misconception	NOUN
easat-9554	41	3	hinder	hinder	VERB
easat-9554	41	4	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	41	5	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	41	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	41	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	41	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	41	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	41	10	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	41	11	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	41	12	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-9554	41	13	like	like	ADP
easat-9554	41	14	those	those	PRON
easat-9554	41	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	41	16	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	41	17	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	41	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	42	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	42	2	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	42	3	shown	show	VERB
easat-9554	42	4	that	that	DET
easat-9554	42	5	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	42	6	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	42	7	not	not	PART
easat-9554	42	8	an	an	DET
easat-9554	42	9	innate	innate	ADJ
easat-9554	42	10	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9554	42	11	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9554	42	12	rather	rather	ADV
easat-9554	42	13	a	a	DET
easat-9554	42	14	skill	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	42	15	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	42	16	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	42	17	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	42	18	cultivated	cultivate	VERB
easat-9554	42	19	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	42	20	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-9554	42	21	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9554	42	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	42	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	42	24	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	42	25	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	42	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	42	27	student	student	NOUN
easat-9554	42	28	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-9554	42	29	[	[	X
easat-9554	42	30	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	42	31	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	42	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	43	1	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	43	2	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	43	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	43	4	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	43	5	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-9554	43	6	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	43	7	rigid	rigid	ADJ
easat-9554	43	8	curriculums	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	43	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	43	10	textbook	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	43	11	dependency	dependency	NOUN
easat-9554	43	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	43	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	43	14	a	a	DET
easat-9554	43	15	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-9554	43	16	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	43	17	rote	rote	ADJ
easat-9554	43	18	memorization	memorization	NOUN
easat-9554	43	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	44	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	44	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	44	3	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	44	4	create	create	VERB
easat-9554	44	5	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	44	6	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	44	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	44	8	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	44	9	limiting	limit	VERB
easat-9554	44	10	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	44	11	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	44	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	44	13	to	to	PART
easat-9554	44	14	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9554	44	15	critically	critically	ADV
easat-9554	44	16	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	44	17	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	44	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	44	19	processes	process	NOUN
easat-9554	44	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	45	1	according	accord	VERB
easat-9554	45	2	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	45	3	barnes	barnes	PROPN
easat-9554	45	4	[	[	X
easat-9554	45	5	5	5	X
easat-9554	45	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	45	7	this	this	DET
easat-9554	45	8	distinction	distinction	NOUN
easat-9554	45	9	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	45	10	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	45	11	school	school	NOUN
easat-9554	45	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	45	13	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	45	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	45	15	“	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	45	16	action	action	NOUN
easat-9554	45	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	45	18	”	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	45	19	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	45	20	a	a	DET
easat-9554	45	21	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	45	22	impediment	impediment	NOUN
easat-9554	45	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	46	1	when	when	SCONJ
easat-9554	46	2	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	46	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	46	4	restricted	restrict	VERB
easat-9554	46	5	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	46	6	abstract	abstract	ADJ
easat-9554	46	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	46	8	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	46	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	46	10	directed	direct	VERB
easat-9554	46	11	content	content	NOUN
easat-9554	46	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	46	13	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	46	14	struggle	struggle	VERB
easat-9554	46	15	to	to	PART
easat-9554	46	16	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9554	46	17	new	new	ADJ
easat-9554	46	18	information	information	NOUN
easat-9554	46	19	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	46	20	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	46	21	personal	personal	ADJ
easat-9554	46	22	frameworks	framework	NOUN
easat-9554	46	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	46	24	thereby	thereby	ADV
easat-9554	46	25	alienating	alienate	VERB
easat-9554	46	26	them	they	PRON
easat-9554	46	27	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	46	28	the	the	DET
easat-9554	46	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	46	30	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	46	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	47	1	1071	1071	NUM
easat-9554	47	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	47	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	47	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	47	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	47	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	47	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	47	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	47	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	47	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	47	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	47	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	47	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	48	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	48	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	48	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	48	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	48	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	48	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	48	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	48	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	48	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	48	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	48	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	48	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	48	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	48	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	48	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	48	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	48	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	48	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	48	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	48	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	48	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	48	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	48	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	48	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	48	26	2.3	2.3	NUM
easat-9554	48	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	49	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	49	2	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	49	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	49	4	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	49	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	49	6	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	49	7	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	49	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	49	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	49	10	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	49	11	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	49	12	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	49	13	central	central	ADJ
easat-9554	49	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	49	15	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	49	16	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	49	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	49	18	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	49	19	active	active	ADJ
easat-9554	49	20	student	student	NOUN
easat-9554	49	21	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-9554	49	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	49	23	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9554	49	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	49	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	50	1	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	50	2	[	[	X
easat-9554	50	3	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	50	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	50	5	argues	argue	VERB
easat-9554	50	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	50	7	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	50	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	50	9	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	50	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	50	11	inherently	inherently	ADV
easat-9554	50	12	support	support	VERB
easat-9554	50	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	50	14	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	50	15	encouraging	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	50	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	50	17	to	to	PART
easat-9554	50	18	take	take	VERB
easat-9554	50	19	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	50	20	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	50	21	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	50	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	50	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	51	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	51	2	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	51	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	51	4	characterized	characterize	VERB
easat-9554	51	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	51	6	a	a	DET
easat-9554	51	7	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-9554	51	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	51	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	51	10	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	51	11	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	51	12	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-9554	51	13	figures	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	51	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	51	15	facilitators	facilitator	NOUN
easat-9554	51	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	51	17	guides	guide	NOUN
easat-9554	51	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	51	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	51	20	co	co	NOUN
easat-9554	51	21	-	-	NOUN
easat-9554	51	22	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	51	23	[	[	X
easat-9554	51	24	5	5	NUM
easat-9554	51	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	51	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	52	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	52	2	the	the	DET
easat-9554	52	3	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	52	4	context	context	NOUN
easat-9554	52	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	52	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	52	7	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9554	52	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	52	9	education	education	PROPN
easat-9554	52	10	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	52	11	recently	recently	ADV
easat-9554	52	12	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	52	13	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	52	14	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	52	15	learnercentered	learnercentered	ADJ
easat-9554	52	16	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	52	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	52	18	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	52	19	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	52	20	rule	rule	NOUN
easat-9554	52	21	15	15	NUM
easat-9554	52	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	52	23	2014	2014	NUM
easat-9554	52	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	52	25	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	52	26	mandates	mandate	VERB
easat-9554	52	27	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	52	28	to	to	PART
easat-9554	52	29	act	act	VERB
easat-9554	52	30	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	52	31	facilitators	facilitator	NOUN
easat-9554	52	32	rather	rather	ADV
easat-9554	52	33	than	than	ADP
easat-9554	52	34	sole	sole	ADJ
easat-9554	52	35	sources	source	NOUN
easat-9554	52	36	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	52	37	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	52	38	[	[	X
easat-9554	52	39	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	52	40	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	52	41	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	53	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	53	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	53	4	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	53	5	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	53	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	53	7	these	these	DET
easat-9554	53	8	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	53	9	remains	remain	VERB
easat-9554	53	10	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
easat-9554	53	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	53	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	53	13	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	53	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	53	15	reverting	revert	VERB
easat-9554	53	16	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	53	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	53	18	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	53	19	due	due	ADP
easat-9554	53	20	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	53	21	a	a	DET
easat-9554	53	22	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9554	53	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	53	24	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	53	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	53	26	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	53	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	54	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
easat-9554	54	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	55	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	55	2	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	55	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	55	4	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	55	5	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	55	6	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	55	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	55	8	significance	significance	NOUN
easat-9554	55	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	55	10	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	55	11	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	55	12	extends	extend	VERB
easat-9554	55	13	beyond	beyond	ADP
easat-9554	55	14	the	the	DET
easat-9554	55	15	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	55	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	55	17	equipping	equip	VERB
easat-9554	55	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	55	19	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	55	20	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	55	21	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	55	22	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	55	23	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-9554	55	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	55	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	56	1	holec	holec	PROPN
easat-9554	57	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	57	2	7	7	NUM
easat-9554	57	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	57	4	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	57	5	that	that	DET
easat-9554	57	6	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	57	7	prepares	prepare	VERB
easat-9554	57	8	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	57	9	to	to	PART
easat-9554	57	10	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9554	57	11	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	57	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	57	13	unpredictable	unpredictable	ADJ
easat-9554	57	14	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9554	57	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	57	16	adult	adult	NOUN
easat-9554	57	17	life	life	NOUN
easat-9554	57	18	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	57	19	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	57	20	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	57	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	57	22	awareness	awareness	NOUN
easat-9554	57	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	57	24	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9554	57	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	57	26	making	making	NOUN
easat-9554	57	27	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	57	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	57	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	57	30	the	the	DET
easat-9554	57	31	ability	ability	NOUN
easat-9554	57	32	to	to	PART
easat-9554	57	33	learn	learn	VERB
easat-9554	57	34	independently	independently	ADV
easat-9554	57	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	58	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-9554	58	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	58	3	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	58	4	[	[	X
easat-9554	58	5	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	58	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	58	7	argues	argue	VERB
easat-9554	58	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	58	9	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	58	10	enhances	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	58	11	the	the	DET
easat-9554	58	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
easat-9554	58	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	58	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	58	15	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	58	16	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	58	17	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9554	58	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	58	19	to	to	PART
easat-9554	58	20	actively	actively	ADV
easat-9554	58	21	construct	construct	VERB
easat-9554	58	22	meaning	meaning	NOUN
easat-9554	58	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	58	24	apply	apply	VERB
easat-9554	58	25	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	58	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	58	27	realworld	realworld	PROPN
easat-9554	58	28	contexts	contexts	PROPN
easat-9554	58	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	59	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	59	2	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	59	3	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	59	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	59	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	59	6	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-9554	59	7	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-9554	59	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	59	9	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	59	10	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	59	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	59	12	relevant	relevant	ADJ
easat-9554	59	13	given	give	VERB
easat-9554	59	14	the	the	DET
easat-9554	59	15	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9554	59	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	59	17	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	59	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	59	19	to	to	PART
easat-9554	59	20	interact	interact	VERB
easat-9554	59	21	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	59	22	native	native	ADJ
easat-9554	59	23	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	59	24	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-9554	59	25	outside	outside	ADP
easat-9554	59	26	the	the	DET
easat-9554	59	27	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	59	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	60	1	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	60	2	alsugair	alsugair	NOUN
easat-9554	60	3	[	[	X
easat-9554	60	4	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	60	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	60	6	notes	note	NOUN
easat-9554	60	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	60	8	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	60	9	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	60	10	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	60	11	struggle	struggle	VERB
easat-9554	60	12	to	to	PART
easat-9554	60	13	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-9554	60	14	even	even	ADV
easat-9554	60	15	basic	basic	ADJ
easat-9554	60	16	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-9554	60	17	competence	competence	NOUN
easat-9554	60	18	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	60	19	years	year	NOUN
easat-9554	60	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	60	21	formal	formal	ADJ
easat-9554	60	22	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	60	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
easat-9554	60	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	61	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	61	2	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-9554	61	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-9554	61	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	61	5	need	need	NOUN
easat-9554	61	6	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	61	7	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9554	61	8	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	61	9	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	61	10	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9554	61	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	61	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	61	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	61	14	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
easat-9554	61	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	61	16	student	student	NOUN
easat-9554	61	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	61	18	driven	drive	VERB
easat-9554	61	19	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	61	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	62	1	2.5	2.5	NUM
easat-9554	62	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	63	1	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	63	2	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-9554	63	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	63	4	practices	practice	VERB
easat-9554	63	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	63	6	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	63	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	63	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	63	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	63	10	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	63	11	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	63	12	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	63	13	shaped	shape	VERB
easat-9554	63	14	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	63	15	a	a	DET
easat-9554	63	16	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9554	63	17	interplay	interplay	NOUN
easat-9554	63	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	63	19	interpersonal	interpersonal	ADJ
easat-9554	63	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	63	21	task	task	NOUN
easat-9554	63	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	63	23	related	relate	VERB
easat-9554	63	24	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	63	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	1	wright	wright	PROPN
easat-9554	64	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	64	3	candlin	candlin	PROPN
easat-9554	64	4	[	[	X
easat-9554	64	5	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	64	6	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	7	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9554	64	8	key	key	ADJ
easat-9554	64	9	interpersonal	interpersonal	ADJ
easat-9554	64	10	variables	variable	NOUN
easat-9554	64	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	64	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	64	14	social	social	ADJ
easat-9554	64	15	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	64	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	17	status	status	NOUN
easat-9554	64	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	64	20	power	power	NOUN
easat-9554	64	21	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
easat-9554	64	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	23	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	64	24	influence	influence	NOUN
easat-9554	64	25	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	64	26	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	64	27	student	student	NOUN
easat-9554	64	28	interactions	interaction	NOUN
easat-9554	64	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	65	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	65	2	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	65	3	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	65	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	65	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	65	6	high	high	ADJ
easat-9554	65	7	social	social	ADJ
easat-9554	65	8	status	status	NOUN
easat-9554	65	9	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
easat-9554	65	10	accorded	accord	VERB
easat-9554	65	11	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	65	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	65	13	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	65	14	results	result	VERB
easat-9554	65	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	65	16	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
easat-9554	65	17	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	65	18	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9554	65	19	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	65	20	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	65	21	less	less	ADV
easat-9554	65	22	conducive	conducive	ADJ
easat-9554	65	23	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	65	24	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	65	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	66	1	task	task	NOUN
easat-9554	66	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	66	3	related	relate	VERB
easat-9554	66	4	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	66	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	66	6	including	include	VERB
easat-9554	66	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	66	8	design	design	NOUN
easat-9554	66	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	66	10	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	66	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	66	12	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	66	13	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	66	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	66	15	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	66	16	play	play	VERB
easat-9554	66	17	a	a	DET
easat-9554	66	18	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	66	19	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	66	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	67	1	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	67	2	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	67	3	al	al	PROPN
easat-9554	67	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	67	5	otaibi	otaibi	NOUN
easat-9554	67	6	[	[	X
easat-9554	67	7	10	10	NUM
easat-9554	67	8	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	67	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	67	10	al	al	PROPN
easat-9554	67	11	asmari	asmari	PROPN
easat-9554	68	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	68	2	11	11	NUM
easat-9554	68	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	68	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	68	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	68	6	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	68	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	68	8	equipping	equip	VERB
easat-9554	68	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	68	10	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	68	11	the	the	DET
easat-9554	68	12	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	68	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	68	14	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	68	15	to	to	PART
easat-9554	68	16	create	create	VERB
easat-9554	68	17	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	68	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	68	19	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	68	20	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	68	21	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	68	22	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	68	23	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	68	24	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	68	25	direction	direction	NOUN
easat-9554	68	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	68	27	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	68	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
easat-9554	68	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	69	1	2.6	2.6	NUM
easat-9554	69	2	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	69	3	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	69	4	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	69	5	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	69	6	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	69	7	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	69	8	the	the	DET
easat-9554	69	9	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	69	10	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	69	11	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	69	12	presents	present	VERB
easat-9554	69	13	unique	unique	ADJ
easat-9554	69	14	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	69	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	69	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	69	17	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	69	18	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9554	69	19	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	69	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	70	1	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	70	2	designed	design	VERB
easat-9554	70	3	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	70	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	70	5	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9554	70	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	70	7	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	70	8	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-9554	70	9	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9554	70	10	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9554	70	11	over	over	ADP
easat-9554	70	12	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-9554	70	13	diversity	diversity	NOUN
easat-9554	70	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	70	15	limiting	limit	VERB
easat-9554	70	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	70	17	scope	scope	NOUN
easat-9554	70	18	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	70	19	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9554	70	20	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	70	21	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	70	22	[	[	X
easat-9554	70	23	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	70	24	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	70	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	71	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-9554	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	71	3	large	large	ADJ
easat-9554	71	4	class	class	NOUN
easat-9554	71	5	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-9554	71	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	71	7	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	71	8	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9554	71	9	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
easat-9554	71	10	these	these	DET
easat-9554	71	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	71	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	71	13	making	make	VERB
easat-9554	71	14	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	71	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-9554	71	16	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	71	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	71	18	to	to	PART
easat-9554	71	19	implement	implement	VERB
easat-9554	71	20	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	71	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	71	22	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	71	23	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	71	24	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9554	71	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	72	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	72	2	these	these	DET
easat-9554	72	3	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-9554	72	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	72	5	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9554	72	6	have	have	AUX
easat-9554	72	7	shown	show	VERB
easat-9554	72	8	that	that	DET
easat-9554	72	9	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	72	10	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	72	11	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	72	12	fostered	foster	VERB
easat-9554	72	13	even	even	ADV
easat-9554	72	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	72	15	resourcelimited	resourcelimited	ADJ
easat-9554	72	16	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-9554	72	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	73	1	kuchah	kuchah	NOUN
easat-9554	73	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	73	3	smith	smith	NOUN
easat-9554	74	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	74	2	12	12	NUM
easat-9554	74	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	74	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	NOUN
easat-9554	74	5	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	74	6	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	74	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	74	8	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	74	9	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	74	10	achieved	achieve	VERB
easat-9554	74	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	74	12	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	74	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	74	14	as	as	ADV
easat-9554	74	15	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	74	16	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	74	17	200	200	NUM
easat-9554	74	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	74	19	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	74	20	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9554	74	21	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9554	74	22	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	74	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	75	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
easat-9554	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	75	3	rabab’ah	rabab’ah	PROPN
easat-9554	76	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	76	2	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	76	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	76	4	advocates	advocate	VERB
easat-9554	76	5	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	76	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	76	7	use	use	NOUN
easat-9554	76	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	76	9	real	real	ADJ
easat-9554	76	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	76	11	life	life	NOUN
easat-9554	76	12	communicative	communicative	ADJ
easat-9554	76	13	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-9554	76	14	to	to	PART
easat-9554	76	15	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-9554	76	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	76	17	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-9554	76	18	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	76	19	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	76	20	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	76	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	76	22	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	76	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	76	24	use	use	NOUN
easat-9554	76	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	77	1	1072	1072	NUM
easat-9554	77	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	77	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	77	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	77	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	77	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	77	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	77	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	77	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	77	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	77	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	77	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	77	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	78	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	78	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	78	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	78	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	78	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	78	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	78	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	78	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	78	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	78	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	78	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	78	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	78	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	78	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	78	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	78	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	78	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	78	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	78	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	78	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	78	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	78	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	78	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	78	26	2.7	2.7	NUM
easat-9554	78	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	79	1	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	79	2	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	79	3	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	79	4	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	79	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	79	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-9554	79	7	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	79	8	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	79	9	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	79	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	79	11	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	79	12	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	79	13	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	79	14	well	well	ADV
easat-9554	79	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	79	16	documented	document	VERB
easat-9554	79	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	80	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	80	2	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	80	3	[	[	X
easat-9554	80	4	14	14	NUM
easat-9554	80	5	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	80	6	argues	argue	VERB
easat-9554	80	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	80	8	the	the	DET
easat-9554	80	9	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-9554	80	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	80	11	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	80	12	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	80	13	requires	require	VERB
easat-9554	80	14	a	a	DET
easat-9554	80	15	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
easat-9554	80	16	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
easat-9554	80	17	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	80	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	80	19	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	80	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	81	1	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9554	81	2	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	81	3	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	81	4	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	81	5	must	must	AUX
easat-9554	81	6	equip	equip	VERB
easat-9554	81	7	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	81	8	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	81	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	81	10	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	81	11	to	to	PART
easat-9554	81	12	design	design	VERB
easat-9554	81	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	81	14	implement	implement	VERB
easat-9554	81	15	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	81	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	81	17	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	81	18	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	81	19	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	81	20	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	81	21	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	81	22	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	81	23	own	own	ADJ
easat-9554	81	24	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	81	25	independence	independence	NOUN
easat-9554	81	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	82	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	82	2	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	82	3	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	82	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	82	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	82	6	current	current	ADJ
easat-9554	82	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	82	8	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	82	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	82	10	focuses	focus	VERB
easat-9554	82	11	heavily	heavily	ADV
easat-9554	82	12	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	82	13	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
easat-9554	82	14	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	82	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	82	16	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	82	17	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9554	82	18	attention	attention	NOUN
easat-9554	82	19	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	82	20	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	82	21	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	82	22	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	82	23	[	[	X
easat-9554	82	24	15	15	NUM
easat-9554	82	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	82	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	83	1	reforming	reform	VERB
easat-9554	83	2	these	these	DET
easat-9554	83	3	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	83	4	to	to	PART
easat-9554	83	5	include	include	VERB
easat-9554	83	6	modules	module	NOUN
easat-9554	83	7	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	83	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	83	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	83	10	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	83	11	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	83	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	83	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	83	14	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	83	15	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	83	16	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	83	17	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	83	18	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	83	19	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	83	20	bridging	bridge	VERB
easat-9554	83	21	the	the	DET
easat-9554	83	22	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-9554	83	23	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	83	24	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	83	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	83	26	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	83	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	84	1	3	3	X
easat-9554	84	2	.	.	X
easat-9554	84	3	methodology	methodology	NOUN
easat-9554	84	4	this	this	DET
easat-9554	84	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	84	6	adopts	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	84	7	a	a	DET
easat-9554	84	8	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	84	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	84	10	dominant	dominant	ADJ
easat-9554	84	11	mixed	mix	VERB
easat-9554	84	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	84	13	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	84	14	design	design	NOUN
easat-9554	84	15	to	to	PART
easat-9554	84	16	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9554	84	17	the	the	DET
easat-9554	84	18	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	84	19	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	84	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	84	21	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	84	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	84	23	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	84	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	84	25	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	84	26	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	84	27	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	84	28	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	84	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-9554	84	30	to	to	PART
easat-9554	84	31	promote	promote	VERB
easat-9554	84	32	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	84	33	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	84	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	85	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	85	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	85	3	combines	combine	VERB
easat-9554	85	4	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9554	85	5	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	85	6	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	85	7	open	open	ADV
easat-9554	85	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	85	9	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	85	10	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	85	11	to	to	PART
easat-9554	85	12	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9554	85	13	both	both	PRON
easat-9554	85	14	large	large	ADJ
easat-9554	85	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	85	16	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-9554	85	17	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	85	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	85	19	deeper	deep	ADJ
easat-9554	85	20	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9554	85	21	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	85	22	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	85	23	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	85	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	85	25	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	85	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	86	1	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	86	2	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	86	3	chosen	choose	VERB
easat-9554	86	4	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	86	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	86	6	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9554	86	7	instrument	instrument	NOUN
easat-9554	86	8	due	due	ADP
easat-9554	86	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	86	10	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	86	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
easat-9554	86	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	86	13	gathering	gather	VERB
easat-9554	86	14	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	86	15	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	86	16	a	a	DET
easat-9554	86	17	broad	broad	ADJ
easat-9554	86	18	population	population	NOUN
easat-9554	86	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	86	20	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	86	21	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	86	22	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	86	23	nunan	nunan	NOUN
easat-9554	86	24	[	[	X
easat-9554	86	25	16	16	NUM
easat-9554	86	26	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	86	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	87	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	87	3	recognizing	recognize	VERB
easat-9554	87	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	87	5	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-9554	87	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	87	7	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	87	8	surveys	survey	NOUN
easat-9554	87	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	87	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	87	11	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	87	12	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	87	13	inability	inability	NOUN
easat-9554	87	14	to	to	PART
easat-9554	87	15	capture	capture	VERB
easat-9554	87	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	87	17	underlying	underlying	ADJ
easat-9554	87	18	motives	motive	NOUN
easat-9554	87	19	behind	behind	ADP
easat-9554	87	20	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	87	21	[	[	X
easat-9554	87	22	17	17	NUM
easat-9554	87	23	]	]	X
easat-9554	87	24	open	open	ADJ
easat-9554	87	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	87	26	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	87	27	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	87	28	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	87	29	included	include	VERB
easat-9554	87	30	to	to	PART
easat-9554	87	31	enrich	enrich	VERB
easat-9554	87	32	the	the	DET
easat-9554	87	33	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	87	34	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	87	35	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9554	87	36	a	a	DET
easat-9554	87	37	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-9554	87	38	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9554	87	39	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	87	40	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-9554	87	41	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	87	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	88	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	88	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	88	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	88	4	guided	guide	VERB
easat-9554	88	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	88	6	two	two	NUM
easat-9554	88	7	main	main	ADJ
easat-9554	88	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	88	9	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	88	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	88	11	what	what	DET
easat-9554	88	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	88	13	do	do	VERB
easat-9554	88	14	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	88	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	88	16	perceive	perceive	VERB
easat-9554	88	17	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	88	18	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-9554	88	19	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	88	20	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9554	88	21	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	88	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	88	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	88	24	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	88	25	what	what	DET
easat-9554	88	26	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-9554	88	27	do	do	AUX
easat-9554	88	28	they	they	PRON
easat-9554	88	29	promote	promote	VERB
easat-9554	88	30	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	88	31	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	88	32	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9554	89	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	89	2	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	89	3	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	89	4	designed	design	VERB
easat-9554	89	5	to	to	PART
easat-9554	89	6	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9554	89	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	89	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	89	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	89	10	employ	employ	VERB
easat-9554	89	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	89	12	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	89	13	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9554	89	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	89	15	the	the	DET
easat-9554	89	16	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	89	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	89	18	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9554	89	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	89	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	90	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	90	2	target	target	NOUN
easat-9554	90	3	population	population	NOUN
easat-9554	90	4	included	include	VERB
easat-9554	90	5	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	90	6	school	school	NOUN
easat-9554	90	7	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	90	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	90	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	90	10	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	90	11	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	90	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	90	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	90	14	those	those	PRON
easat-9554	90	15	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9554	90	16	third	third	ADJ
easat-9554	90	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	90	18	year	year	NOUN
easat-9554	90	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	90	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	91	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	91	2	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-9554	91	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	91	4	due	due	ADJ
easat-9554	91	5	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	91	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	91	7	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
easat-9554	91	8	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	91	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	91	10	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	91	11	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	91	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	91	13	equipping	equip	VERB
easat-9554	91	14	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	91	15	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	91	16	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	91	17	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	91	18	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	91	19	higher	high	ADJ
easat-9554	91	20	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	91	21	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	91	22	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	91	23	life	life	NOUN
easat-9554	91	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	92	1	convenience	convenience	NOUN
easat-9554	92	2	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-9554	92	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	92	4	used	use	VERB
easat-9554	92	5	to	to	PART
easat-9554	92	6	access	access	VERB
easat-9554	92	7	a	a	DET
easat-9554	92	8	geographically	geographically	ADV
easat-9554	92	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
easat-9554	92	10	sample	sample	NOUN
easat-9554	92	11	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	92	12	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9554	92	13	established	establish	VERB
easat-9554	92	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	92	15	supervisors	supervisor	NOUN
easat-9554	92	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	92	17	10	10	NUM
easat-9554	92	18	regions	region	NOUN
easat-9554	92	19	across	across	ADP
easat-9554	92	20	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	92	21	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	92	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	93	1	a	a	DET
easat-9554	93	2	total	total	NOUN
easat-9554	93	3	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	93	4	82	82	NUM
easat-9554	93	5	completed	complete	VERB
easat-9554	93	6	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	93	7	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	93	8	received	receive	VERB
easat-9554	93	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	93	10	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9554	93	11	a	a	DET
easat-9554	93	12	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-9554	93	13	dataset	dataset	NOUN
easat-9554	93	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	93	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9554	93	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	94	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	94	2	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	94	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	94	4	designed	design	VERB
easat-9554	94	5	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	94	6	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	94	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	94	8	arabic	arabic	ADJ
easat-9554	94	9	to	to	PART
easat-9554	94	10	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9554	94	11	clarity	clarity	NOUN
easat-9554	94	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	94	13	reduce	reduce	VERB
easat-9554	94	14	potential	potential	ADJ
easat-9554	94	15	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	94	16	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	94	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	95	1	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	95	2	comprised	comprise	VERB
easat-9554	95	3	two	two	NUM
easat-9554	95	4	parts	part	NOUN
easat-9554	95	5	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	95	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	95	7	first	first	ADJ
easat-9554	95	8	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9554	95	9	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	95	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	95	11	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	95	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	95	13	included	include	VERB
easat-9554	95	14	likertscale	likertscale	NOUN
easat-9554	95	15	statements	statement	NOUN
easat-9554	95	16	alongside	alongside	ADP
easat-9554	95	17	open	open	ADV
easat-9554	95	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	95	19	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	95	20	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	95	21	about	about	ADP
easat-9554	95	22	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-9554	95	23	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	95	24	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	95	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	95	26	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	95	27	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	95	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	96	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	96	2	second	second	ADJ
easat-9554	96	3	part	part	NOUN
easat-9554	96	4	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	96	5	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	96	6	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	96	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	96	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	96	9	featuring	feature	VERB
easat-9554	96	10	frequency	frequency	NOUN
easat-9554	96	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	96	12	based	base	VERB
easat-9554	96	13	statements	statement	NOUN
easat-9554	96	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	96	15	open	open	ADV
easat-9554	96	16	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	96	17	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	96	18	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	96	19	exploring	explore	VERB
easat-9554	96	20	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	96	21	influencing	influence	VERB
easat-9554	96	22	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	96	23	success	success	NOUN
easat-9554	96	24	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	96	25	the	the	DET
easat-9554	96	26	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-9554	96	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	96	28	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	96	29	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	96	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	97	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	97	2	dual	dual	ADJ
easat-9554	97	3	structure	structure	NOUN
easat-9554	97	4	allowed	allow	VERB
easat-9554	97	5	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	97	6	a	a	DET
easat-9554	97	7	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
easat-9554	97	8	examination	examination	NOUN
easat-9554	97	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	97	10	both	both	DET
easat-9554	97	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	97	12	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	97	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	97	14	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	97	15	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	97	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	98	1	to	to	PART
easat-9554	98	2	ensure	ensure	VERB
easat-9554	98	3	validity	validity	NOUN
easat-9554	98	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	98	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	98	6	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	98	7	underwent	underwent	NOUN
easat-9554	98	8	face	face	NOUN
easat-9554	98	9	validation	validation	NOUN
easat-9554	98	10	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	98	11	the	the	DET
easat-9554	98	12	researcher	researcher	NOUN
easat-9554	98	13	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	98	14	supervisor	supervisor	NOUN
easat-9554	98	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	98	16	a	a	DET
easat-9554	98	17	pilot	pilot	NOUN
easat-9554	98	18	test	test	NOUN
easat-9554	98	19	involving	involve	VERB
easat-9554	98	20	six	six	NUM
easat-9554	98	21	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9554	98	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	99	1	these	these	PRON
easat-9554	99	2	included	include	VERB
easat-9554	99	3	experienced	experienced	ADJ
easat-9554	99	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	99	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	99	6	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
easat-9554	99	7	familiar	familiar	ADJ
easat-9554	99	8	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	99	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	99	10	concept	concept	NOUN
easat-9554	99	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	99	12	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	99	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	99	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	100	1	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9554	100	2	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	100	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	100	4	pilot	pilot	NOUN
easat-9554	100	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	100	6	led	lead	VERB
easat-9554	100	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	100	8	revisions	revision	NOUN
easat-9554	100	9	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	100	10	enhanced	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	100	11	the	the	DET
easat-9554	100	12	instrument	instrument	NOUN
easat-9554	100	13	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	100	14	clarity	clarity	NOUN
easat-9554	100	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	100	16	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-9554	100	17	appropriateness	appropriateness	NOUN
easat-9554	100	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	101	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	101	2	collection	collection	NOUN
easat-9554	101	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	101	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
easat-9554	101	5	online	online	ADV
easat-9554	101	6	due	due	ADP
easat-9554	101	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	101	8	logistical	logistical	ADJ
easat-9554	101	9	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9554	101	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	101	11	the	the	DET
easat-9554	101	12	summer	summer	NOUN
easat-9554	101	13	vacation	vacation	NOUN
easat-9554	101	14	period	period	NOUN
easat-9554	101	15	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	101	16	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	101	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	101	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	102	1	google	google	PROPN
easat-9554	102	2	forms	form	NOUN
easat-9554	102	3	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	102	4	used	use	VERB
easat-9554	102	5	to	to	PART
easat-9554	102	6	create	create	VERB
easat-9554	102	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	102	8	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	102	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	102	10	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	102	11	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	102	12	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-9554	102	13	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	102	14	email	email	NOUN
easat-9554	102	15	networks	network	NOUN
easat-9554	102	16	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
easat-9554	102	17	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	102	18	supervisors	supervisor	NOUN
easat-9554	102	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	102	20	private	private	ADJ
easat-9554	102	21	school	school	NOUN
easat-9554	102	22	contacts	contact	NOUN
easat-9554	102	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	103	1	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-9554	103	2	was	be	AUX
easat-9554	103	3	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
easat-9554	103	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	103	5	anonymous	anonymous	ADJ
easat-9554	103	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	103	7	ensuring	ensure	VERB
easat-9554	103	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	103	9	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9554	103	10	could	could	AUX
easat-9554	103	11	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9554	103	12	candid	candid	ADJ
easat-9554	103	13	feedback	feedback	NOUN
easat-9554	103	14	without	without	ADP
easat-9554	103	15	concerns	concern	NOUN
easat-9554	103	16	about	about	ADP
easat-9554	103	17	confidentiality	confidentiality	NOUN
easat-9554	103	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	104	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	104	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9554	104	3	involved	involve	VERB
easat-9554	104	4	both	both	CCONJ
easat-9554	104	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	104	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	104	7	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	104	8	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	104	9	to	to	PART
easat-9554	104	10	comprehensively	comprehensively	ADV
easat-9554	104	11	address	address	VERB
easat-9554	104	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	104	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	104	14	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	104	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	105	1	likert	likert	ADJ
easat-9554	105	2	-	-	NOUN
easat-9554	105	3	scale	scale	NOUN
easat-9554	105	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	105	5	frequency	frequency	NOUN
easat-9554	105	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	105	7	based	base	VERB
easat-9554	105	8	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	105	9	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	105	10	coded	code	VERB
easat-9554	105	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	105	12	analyzed	analyze	VERB
easat-9554	105	13	statistically	statistically	ADV
easat-9554	105	14	using	use	VERB
easat-9554	105	15	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
easat-9554	105	16	excel	excel	PROPN
easat-9554	105	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	105	18	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	105	19	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
easat-9554	105	20	statistics	statistic	NOUN
easat-9554	105	21	used	use	VERB
easat-9554	105	22	to	to	PART
easat-9554	105	23	identify	identify	VERB
easat-9554	105	24	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9554	105	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	106	1	open	open	ADJ
easat-9554	106	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	106	3	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	106	4	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	106	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	106	6	subjected	subject	VERB
easat-9554	106	7	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	106	8	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9554	106	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9554	106	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	106	11	following	follow	VERB
easat-9554	106	12	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9554	106	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	106	14	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9554	106	15	[	[	X
easat-9554	106	16	18	18	NUM
easat-9554	106	17	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	106	18	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
easat-9554	106	19	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	106	20	identifying	identify	VERB
easat-9554	106	21	patterns	pattern	NOUN
easat-9554	106	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	106	23	relationships	relationship	NOUN
easat-9554	106	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	106	25	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	106	26	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	106	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	107	1	manual	manual	ADJ
easat-9554	107	2	coding	coding	NOUN
easat-9554	107	3	helped	helped	AUX
easat-9554	107	4	categorize	categorize	VERB
easat-9554	107	5	themes	theme	NOUN
easat-9554	107	6	aligned	align	VERB
easat-9554	107	7	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	107	8	the	the	DET
easat-9554	107	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	107	10	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	107	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	107	12	offering	offer	VERB
easat-9554	107	13	deeper	deep	ADJ
easat-9554	107	14	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9554	107	15	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	107	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	107	17	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
easat-9554	107	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	108	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	108	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	108	3	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	108	4	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	108	5	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	108	6	1073	1073	NUM
easat-9554	108	7	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	108	8	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	108	9	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	108	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	108	11	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	108	12	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	108	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	108	14	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	108	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	108	16	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	108	17	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	108	18	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	109	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	109	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	109	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	109	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	109	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	109	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	109	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	109	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	109	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	109	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	109	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	109	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	109	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	109	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	109	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	109	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	109	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	109	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	109	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	109	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	109	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	109	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	109	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	109	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	109	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	109	26	then	then	ADV
easat-9554	109	27	triangulated	triangulate	VERB
easat-9554	109	28	to	to	PART
easat-9554	109	29	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9554	109	30	a	a	DET
easat-9554	109	31	holistic	holistic	ADJ
easat-9554	109	32	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9554	109	33	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	109	34	the	the	DET
easat-9554	109	35	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	109	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	109	37	allowing	allow	VERB
easat-9554	109	38	the	the	DET
easat-9554	109	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	109	40	to	to	PART
easat-9554	109	41	validate	validate	VERB
easat-9554	109	42	trends	trend	NOUN
easat-9554	109	43	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	109	44	elaborate	elaborate	VERB
easat-9554	109	45	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	109	46	them	they	PRON
easat-9554	109	47	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	109	48	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-9554	109	49	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
easat-9554	109	50	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	110	1	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-9554	110	2	considerations	consideration	NOUN
easat-9554	110	3	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	110	4	integral	integral	ADJ
easat-9554	110	5	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	110	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	110	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	110	8	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	110	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	111	1	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9554	111	2	were	be	AUX
easat-9554	111	3	informed	inform	VERB
easat-9554	111	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	111	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	111	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	111	7	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	111	8	purpose	purpose	NOUN
easat-9554	111	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	111	10	assured	assure	VERB
easat-9554	111	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	111	12	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	111	13	right	right	NOUN
easat-9554	111	14	to	to	PART
easat-9554	111	15	withdraw	withdraw	VERB
easat-9554	111	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	111	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	111	18	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB
easat-9554	111	19	confidentiality	confidentiality	NOUN
easat-9554	111	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	112	1	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	112	2	anonymization	anonymization	NOUN
easat-9554	112	3	during	during	ADP
easat-9554	112	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9554	112	5	further	far	ADV
easat-9554	112	6	ensured	ensure	VERB
easat-9554	112	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	112	8	protection	protection	NOUN
easat-9554	112	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	112	10	participant	participant	ADJ
easat-9554	112	11	identities	identity	NOUN
easat-9554	112	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	113	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	113	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	113	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	113	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	113	5	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
easat-9554	113	6	several	several	ADJ
easat-9554	113	7	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-9554	113	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	114	1	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	114	2	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	114	3	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	114	4	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	114	5	may	may	AUX
easat-9554	114	6	introduce	introduce	VERB
easat-9554	114	7	response	response	NOUN
easat-9554	114	8	bias	bias	NOUN
easat-9554	114	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	114	10	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	114	11	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9554	114	12	might	might	AUX
easat-9554	114	13	overstate	overstate	VERB
easat-9554	114	14	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9554	114	15	understate	understate	VERB
easat-9554	114	16	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	114	17	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	114	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	115	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9554	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	115	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	115	4	reliance	reliance	NOUN
easat-9554	115	5	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	115	6	convenience	convenience	NOUN
easat-9554	115	7	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-9554	115	8	limits	limit	NOUN
easat-9554	115	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	115	10	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
easat-9554	115	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	115	12	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	115	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	116	1	future	future	ADJ
easat-9554	116	2	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	116	3	could	could	AUX
easat-9554	116	4	address	address	VERB
easat-9554	116	5	these	these	DET
easat-9554	116	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
easat-9554	116	7	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	116	8	employing	employ	VERB
easat-9554	116	9	random	random	ADJ
easat-9554	116	10	sampling	sampling	NOUN
easat-9554	116	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	116	12	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9554	116	13	observational	observational	ADJ
easat-9554	116	14	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	116	15	to	to	PART
easat-9554	116	16	validate	validate	VERB
easat-9554	116	17	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	116	18	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	116	19	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	116	20	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	116	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	117	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	117	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9554	117	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	117	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	117	5	methodological	methodological	ADJ
easat-9554	117	6	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9554	117	7	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	117	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	117	9	this	this	DET
easat-9554	117	10	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	117	11	balances	balance	VERB
easat-9554	117	12	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	117	13	rigor	rigor	NOUN
easat-9554	117	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	117	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	117	16	depth	depth	NOUN
easat-9554	117	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	117	18	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9554	117	19	a	a	DET
easat-9554	117	20	thorough	thorough	ADJ
easat-9554	117	21	investigation	investigation	NOUN
easat-9554	117	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	117	23	the	the	DET
easat-9554	117	24	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	117	25	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	117	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	117	27	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	117	28	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	117	29	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	117	30	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	117	31	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	117	32	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	117	33	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	117	34	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	117	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	118	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	118	2	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9554	118	3	both	both	DET
easat-9554	118	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	118	5	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
easat-9554	118	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	118	7	contextual	contextual	ADJ
easat-9554	118	8	nuances	nuance	NOUN
easat-9554	118	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	118	10	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	118	11	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	118	12	promotion	promotion	NOUN
easat-9554	118	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	118	14	this	this	DET
easat-9554	118	15	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	118	16	provides	provide	VERB
easat-9554	118	17	valuable	valuable	ADJ
easat-9554	118	18	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9554	118	19	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	118	20	a	a	DET
easat-9554	118	21	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	118	22	area	area	NOUN
easat-9554	118	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	118	24	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	118	25	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	118	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	119	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	119	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	119	3	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	119	4	lays	lay	VERB
easat-9554	119	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	119	6	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
easat-9554	119	7	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	119	8	future	future	ADJ
easat-9554	119	9	investigations	investigation	NOUN
easat-9554	119	10	to	to	PART
easat-9554	119	11	build	build	VERB
easat-9554	119	12	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	119	13	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	119	14	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	119	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	119	16	further	far	ADV
easat-9554	119	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	119	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	119	19	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9554	119	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	119	21	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9554	119	22	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
easat-9554	119	23	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	119	24	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	119	25	similar	similar	ADJ
easat-9554	119	26	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	119	27	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9554	119	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	120	1	4	4	X
easat-9554	120	2	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	120	3	results	result	NOUN
easat-9554	120	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	120	5	discussion	discussion	VERB
easat-9554	120	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	120	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9554	120	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	120	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	120	10	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	120	11	collected	collect	VERB
easat-9554	120	12	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	120	13	the	the	DET
easat-9554	120	14	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	120	15	provides	provide	VERB
easat-9554	120	16	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9554	120	17	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	120	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	120	19	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	120	20	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	120	21	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	120	22	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	120	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	120	24	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	120	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	120	26	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	120	27	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	120	28	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	120	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	120	30	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	120	31	efforts	effort	NOUN
easat-9554	120	32	to	to	PART
easat-9554	120	33	promote	promote	VERB
easat-9554	120	34	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	120	35	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	120	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	121	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	121	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	121	3	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	121	4	presented	present	VERB
easat-9554	121	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	121	6	discussed	discuss	VERB
easat-9554	121	7	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	121	8	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9554	121	9	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	121	10	the	the	DET
easat-9554	121	11	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	121	12	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	121	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	121	14	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	121	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	121	16	focusing	focus	VERB
easat-9554	121	17	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	121	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	121	19	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	121	20	employed	employ	VERB
easat-9554	121	21	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	121	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	121	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	121	24	the	the	DET
easat-9554	121	25	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-9554	121	26	to	to	PART
easat-9554	121	27	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	121	28	these	these	DET
easat-9554	121	29	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	121	30	align	align	VERB
easat-9554	121	31	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	121	32	the	the	DET
easat-9554	121	33	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	121	34	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	121	35	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9554	121	36	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	121	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	122	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	122	2	section	section	NOUN
easat-9554	122	3	integrates	integrate	VERB
easat-9554	122	4	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	122	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	122	6	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	122	7	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	122	8	to	to	PART
easat-9554	122	9	provide	provide	VERB
easat-9554	122	10	a	a	DET
easat-9554	122	11	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-9554	122	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9554	122	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	122	14	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	122	15	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	122	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	122	17	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	122	18	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	122	19	relating	relate	VERB
easat-9554	122	20	them	they	PRON
easat-9554	122	21	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	122	22	the	the	DET
easat-9554	122	23	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-9554	122	24	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	122	25	context	context	NOUN
easat-9554	122	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	123	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	123	2	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	123	3	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	123	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	123	5	first	first	ADJ
easat-9554	123	6	part	part	NOUN
easat-9554	123	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	123	8	the	the	DET
easat-9554	123	9	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	123	10	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-9554	123	11	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	123	12	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	123	13	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	123	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	123	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	123	16	generally	generally	ADV
easat-9554	123	17	adhere	adhere	VERB
easat-9554	123	18	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	123	19	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9554	123	20	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9554	123	21	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	123	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	123	23	consistent	consistent	ADJ
easat-9554	123	24	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	123	25	the	the	DET
easat-9554	123	26	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9554	123	27	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	123	28	education	education	PROPN
easat-9554	123	29	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	123	30	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
easat-9554	124	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	124	2	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	124	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	124	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	125	1	most	most	ADJ
easat-9554	125	2	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9554	125	3	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	125	4	determining	determine	VERB
easat-9554	125	5	lesson	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	125	6	aims	aim	NOUN
easat-9554	125	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	125	8	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	125	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	125	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	125	11	homework	homework	NOUN
easat-9554	125	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	125	13	advance	advance	NOUN
easat-9554	125	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	125	15	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-9554	125	16	compliance	compliance	NOUN
easat-9554	125	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	125	18	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9554	125	19	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-9554	125	20	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	125	21	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	125	22	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	125	23	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	125	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	3	a	a	DET
easat-9554	126	4	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
easat-9554	126	5	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-9554	126	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	126	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	126	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	9	66	66	NUM
easat-9554	126	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	126	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	12	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-9554	126	13	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	126	14	they	they	PRON
easat-9554	126	15	share	share	VERB
easat-9554	126	16	lesson	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	126	17	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-9554	126	18	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	126	19	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	126	20	during	during	ADP
easat-9554	126	21	the	the	DET
easat-9554	126	22	class	class	NOUN
easat-9554	126	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	24	signaling	signal	VERB
easat-9554	126	25	a	a	DET
easat-9554	126	26	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-9554	126	27	toward	toward	ADP
easat-9554	126	28	engaging	engage	VERB
easat-9554	126	29	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	126	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	126	31	the	the	DET
easat-9554	126	32	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	126	33	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	126	34	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	35	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	126	36	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	126	37	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	126	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	127	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	127	2	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	127	3	aligns	align	VERB
easat-9554	127	4	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	127	5	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	127	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	127	7	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	127	8	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	127	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	127	10	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	127	11	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	127	12	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-9554	127	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	127	14	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
easat-9554	127	15	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	127	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	127	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	127	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	127	19	[	[	X
easat-9554	127	20	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	127	21	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	127	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	128	1	1074	1074	NUM
easat-9554	128	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	128	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	128	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	128	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	128	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	128	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	128	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	128	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	128	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	128	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	128	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	128	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	129	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	129	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	129	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	129	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	129	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	129	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	129	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	129	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	129	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	129	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	129	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	129	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	129	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	129	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	129	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	129	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	129	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	129	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	129	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	129	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	129	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	129	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	129	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	129	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9554	129	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	129	27	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	129	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	130	1	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9554	130	2	answers	answer	NOUN
easat-9554	130	3	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	130	4	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	130	5	related	relate	VERB
easat-9554	130	6	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	130	7	preparation	preparation	NOUN
easat-9554	130	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	130	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	130	10	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	130	11	1075	1075	NUM
easat-9554	130	12	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	130	13	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	130	14	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	130	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	130	16	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	130	17	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	130	18	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	130	19	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	130	20	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	130	21	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	130	22	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	130	23	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	131	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	131	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	131	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	131	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	131	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	131	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	131	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	131	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	131	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	131	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	131	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	131	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	131	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	131	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	131	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	131	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	131	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	131	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	131	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	131	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	131	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	131	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	131	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	131	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	131	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	131	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	131	27	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	131	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	132	1	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	132	2	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	132	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	132	4	about	about	ADP
easat-9554	132	5	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	132	6	during	during	ADP
easat-9554	132	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	132	8	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	132	9	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	132	10	questions	question	NOUN
easat-9554	132	11	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	132	12	to	to	PART
easat-9554	132	13	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	132	14	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	132	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	133	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
easat-9554	133	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	133	3	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	133	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	133	5	majority	majority	NOUN
easat-9554	133	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	133	7	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9554	133	8	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	133	9	adhering	adhere	VERB
easat-9554	133	10	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	133	11	textbook	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	133	12	requirements	requirement	NOUN
easat-9554	133	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	133	14	67.9	67.9	NUM
easat-9554	133	15	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	133	16	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	133	17	indicated	indicate	VERB
easat-9554	133	18	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9554	133	19	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	133	20	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	133	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	133	22	to	to	PART
easat-9554	133	23	select	select	VERB
easat-9554	133	24	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	133	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	133	26	interest	interest	NOUN
easat-9554	133	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	134	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9554	134	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-9554	134	3	an	an	DET
easat-9554	134	4	attempt	attempt	NOUN
easat-9554	134	5	to	to	PART
easat-9554	134	6	balance	balance	VERB
easat-9554	134	7	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	134	8	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9554	134	9	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	134	10	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	134	11	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	134	12	foster	foster	ADJ
easat-9554	134	13	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	134	14	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	134	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	135	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	135	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
easat-9554	135	3	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9554	135	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	135	5	capacity	capacity	NOUN
easat-9554	135	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	135	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	135	8	to	to	PART
easat-9554	135	9	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9554	135	10	elements	element	NOUN
easat-9554	135	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	135	12	choice	choice	NOUN
easat-9554	135	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	135	14	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	135	15	agency	agency	NOUN
easat-9554	135	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	135	17	even	even	ADV
easat-9554	135	18	within	within	ADP
easat-9554	135	19	a	a	DET
easat-9554	135	20	rigid	rigid	ADJ
easat-9554	135	21	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	135	22	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9554	135	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	136	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	3	a	a	DET
easat-9554	136	4	smaller	small	ADJ
easat-9554	136	5	subset	subset	NOUN
easat-9554	136	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	136	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	136	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	9	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	136	10	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	136	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	12	adhered	adhere	VERB
easat-9554	136	13	strictly	strictly	ADV
easat-9554	136	14	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	136	15	textbook	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	136	16	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	136	17	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	18	highlighting	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	136	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	136	20	variability	variability	NOUN
easat-9554	136	21	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	136	22	the	the	DET
easat-9554	136	23	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-9554	136	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	136	25	autonomysupportive	autonomysupportive	ADJ
easat-9554	136	26	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	136	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	28	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	136	29	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	136	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	136	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	137	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	137	2	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	137	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
easat-9554	137	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	137	5	documented	document	VERB
easat-9554	137	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	137	7	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-9554	137	8	studies	study	NOUN
easat-9554	137	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	137	10	where	where	SCONJ
easat-9554	137	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	137	12	cited	cite	VERB
easat-9554	137	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	137	14	rigidity	rigidity	NOUN
easat-9554	137	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	137	16	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9554	137	17	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	137	18	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	137	19	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	137	20	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	137	21	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9554	137	22	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9554	137	23	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	137	24	[	[	X
easat-9554	137	25	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	137	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	137	27	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	137	28	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	137	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	138	1	1076	1076	NUM
easat-9554	138	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	138	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	138	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	138	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	138	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	138	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	138	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	138	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	138	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	138	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	138	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	138	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	139	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	139	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	139	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	139	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	139	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	139	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	139	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	139	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	139	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	139	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	139	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	139	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	139	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	139	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	139	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	139	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	139	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	139	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	139	25	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9554	139	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	139	27	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	139	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	29	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	139	30	'	'	PART
easat-9554	139	31	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	139	32	to	to	PART
easat-9554	139	33	question	question	VERB
easat-9554	139	34	12	12	NUM
easat-9554	139	35	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	36	what	what	PRON
easat-9554	139	37	do	do	AUX
easat-9554	139	38	you	you	PRON
easat-9554	139	39	think	think	VERB
easat-9554	139	40	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	139	41	the	the	DET
easat-9554	139	42	most	most	ADV
easat-9554	139	43	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
easat-9554	139	44	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	139	45	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	139	46	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9554	139	47	the	the	DET
easat-9554	139	48	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	139	49	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	139	50	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	51	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	139	52	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	140	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	140	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	140	3	data	datum	NOUN
easat-9554	140	4	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	140	5	open	open	ADJ
easat-9554	140	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	140	7	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	140	8	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	140	9	further	far	ADV
easat-9554	140	10	elucidate	elucidate	VERB
easat-9554	140	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	140	12	'	'	PART
easat-9554	140	13	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	140	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	140	15	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	140	16	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	140	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	140	18	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	140	19	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	141	1	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	141	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	141	3	expressed	express	VERB
easat-9554	141	4	a	a	DET
easat-9554	141	5	belief	belief	NOUN
easat-9554	141	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	141	7	shared	shared	ADJ
easat-9554	141	8	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	141	9	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	141	10	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	141	12	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-9554	141	13	a	a	DET
easat-9554	141	14	gradual	gradual	ADJ
easat-9554	141	15	move	move	NOUN
easat-9554	141	16	away	away	ADV
easat-9554	141	17	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	141	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	141	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	141	20	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	141	21	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	141	22	dominated	dominate	VERB
easat-9554	141	23	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	141	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	142	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	142	2	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-9554	142	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	142	4	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	142	5	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	142	6	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	142	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	142	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	142	9	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	142	10	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	142	11	positions	position	VERB
easat-9554	142	12	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	142	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	142	14	active	active	ADJ
easat-9554	142	15	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9554	142	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	142	17	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	142	18	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	142	19	journey	journey	NOUN
easat-9554	142	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	143	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	143	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	143	3	some	some	DET
easat-9554	143	4	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	143	5	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9554	143	6	a	a	DET
easat-9554	143	7	persistent	persistent	ADJ
easat-9554	143	8	adherence	adherence	NOUN
easat-9554	143	9	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	143	10	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	143	11	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	143	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	143	13	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	143	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	143	15	viewing	view	VERB
easat-9554	143	16	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-9554	143	17	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	143	18	sole	sole	ADJ
easat-9554	143	19	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-9554	143	20	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	143	21	the	the	DET
easat-9554	143	22	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	143	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	143	24	table	table	NOUN
easat-9554	143	25	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	143	26	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	143	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	144	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	144	2	dichotomy	dichotomy	NOUN
easat-9554	144	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-9554	144	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	144	5	need	need	NOUN
easat-9554	144	6	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	144	7	targeted	target	VERB
easat-9554	144	8	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	144	9	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	144	10	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	144	11	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	144	12	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	144	13	the	the	DET
easat-9554	144	14	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	144	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	144	16	benefits	benefit	NOUN
easat-9554	144	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	144	18	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	144	19	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	144	20	[	[	X
easat-9554	144	21	14	14	NUM
easat-9554	144	22	]	]	SYM
easat-9554	144	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	145	1	1077	1077	PROPN
easat-9554	145	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	145	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	145	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	145	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	145	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	145	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	145	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	145	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	145	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	145	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	145	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	145	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	146	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	146	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	146	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	146	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	146	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	146	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	146	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	146	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	146	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	146	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	146	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	146	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	146	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	146	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	146	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	146	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	146	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	146	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	146	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	146	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	146	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	146	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	146	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	146	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	146	26	table	table	NOUN
easat-9554	146	27	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	146	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	147	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	147	2	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9554	147	3	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	147	4	to	to	PART
easat-9554	147	5	question	question	VERB
easat-9554	147	6	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	147	7	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	147	8	what	what	PRON
easat-9554	147	9	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	147	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	147	11	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9554	147	12	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	147	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	147	14	the	the	DET
easat-9554	147	15	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	147	16	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9554	147	17	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	147	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	148	1	response	response	NOUN
easat-9554	148	2	n	n	PRON
easat-9554	148	3	percentage	percentage	NOUN
easat-9554	148	4	total	total	NOUN
easat-9554	148	5	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	148	6	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	148	7	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-9554	148	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	148	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	148	10	centred	centre	VERB
easat-9554	148	11	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	148	12	observing	observe	VERB
easat-9554	148	13	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	148	15	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	148	16	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	148	17	9.5	9.5	NUM
easat-9554	148	18	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	19	66.4	66.4	NUM
easat-9554	148	20	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	21	supporting	support	VERB
easat-9554	148	22	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	23	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	148	24	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	148	25	1.5	1.5	NUM
easat-9554	148	26	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	27	stimulating	stimulate	VERB
easat-9554	148	28	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	29	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	148	30	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	148	31	20	20	NUM
easat-9554	148	32	14.6	14.6	NUM
easat-9554	148	33	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	34	guiding	guide	VERB
easat-9554	148	35	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	36	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	148	37	33	33	NUM
easat-9554	148	38	24.1	24.1	NUM
easat-9554	148	39	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	40	managing	manage	VERB
easat-9554	148	41	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	42	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	148	43	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	148	44	14	14	NUM
easat-9554	148	45	10.2	10.2	NUM
easat-9554	148	46	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	47	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-9554	148	48	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	49	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	148	50	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	148	51	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	148	52	2.2	2.2	NUM
easat-9554	148	53	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	54	developing	develop	VERB
easat-9554	148	55	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	148	56	'	'	PART
easat-9554	148	57	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	148	58	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	148	59	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	148	60	1.5	1.5	NUM
easat-9554	148	61	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	62	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9554	148	63	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	148	64	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	148	65	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	148	66	1.5	1.5	NUM
easat-9554	148	67	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	68	organising	organise	VERB
easat-9554	148	69	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	70	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	148	71	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	148	72	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	148	73	1.5	1.5	NUM
easat-9554	148	74	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	75	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	148	76	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	148	77	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-9554	148	78	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	148	79	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	148	80	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9554	148	81	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	82	whole	whole	ADJ
easat-9554	148	83	lesson	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	148	84	32	32	NUM
easat-9554	148	85	23.4	23.4	NUM
easat-9554	148	86	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	87	33.6	33.6	NUM
easat-9554	148	88	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	89	leading	lead	VERB
easat-9554	148	90	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	91	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	148	92	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	148	93	1.5	1.5	NUM
easat-9554	148	94	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	95	evaluator	evaluator	NOUN
easat-9554	148	96	12	12	NUM
easat-9554	148	97	8.8	8.8	NUM
easat-9554	148	98	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	99	total	total	NOUN
easat-9554	148	100	137	137	NUM
easat-9554	148	101	100	100	NUM
easat-9554	148	102	%	%	NOUN
easat-9554	148	103	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	104	second	second	ADJ
easat-9554	148	105	part	part	NOUN
easat-9554	148	106	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	148	107	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	108	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	148	109	explored	explore	VERB
easat-9554	148	110	the	the	DET
easat-9554	148	111	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-9554	148	112	to	to	PART
easat-9554	148	113	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	148	114	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	148	115	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	148	116	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	148	117	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	148	118	promote	promote	VERB
easat-9554	148	119	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	148	120	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	149	1	a	a	DET
easat-9554	149	2	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9554	149	3	proportion	proportion	NOUN
easat-9554	149	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	149	5	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9554	149	6	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	149	7	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-9554	149	8	engaging	engage	VERB
easat-9554	149	9	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	149	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	149	11	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	149	12	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	149	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	149	14	group	group	NOUN
easat-9554	149	15	work	work	NOUN
easat-9554	149	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	149	17	independent	independent	ADJ
easat-9554	149	18	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	149	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	149	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	149	21	decision	decision	NOUN
easat-9554	149	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	149	23	making	make	VERB
easat-9554	149	24	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-9554	149	25	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	149	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	149	27	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	149	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	149	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	150	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	150	2	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	150	3	reflect	reflect	VERB
easat-9554	150	4	an	an	DET
easat-9554	150	5	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9554	150	6	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	150	7	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	150	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	150	9	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	150	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	150	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	150	12	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	150	13	advocate	advocate	VERB
easat-9554	150	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	150	15	active	active	ADJ
easat-9554	150	16	participation	participation	NOUN
easat-9554	150	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	150	18	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9554	150	19	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	151	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	151	2	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	151	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	151	4	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	152	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9554	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	152	3	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	152	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	152	5	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	152	6	encouraging	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	152	7	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	152	8	to	to	PART
easat-9554	152	9	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
easat-9554	152	10	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	152	11	progress	progress	NOUN
easat-9554	152	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	152	13	an	an	DET
easat-9554	152	14	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	152	15	component	component	NOUN
easat-9554	152	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	152	17	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9554	152	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	152	19	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	152	20	defined	define	VERB
easat-9554	152	21	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	152	22	holec	holec	NOUN
easat-9554	152	23	[	[	X
easat-9554	152	24	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	152	25	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	152	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	153	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	153	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	153	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	153	4	frequency	frequency	NOUN
easat-9554	153	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	153	6	these	these	DET
easat-9554	153	7	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	153	8	varied	varied	ADJ
easat-9554	153	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	153	10	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	153	11	some	some	DET
easat-9554	153	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	153	13	indicating	indicate	VERB
easat-9554	153	14	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9554	153	15	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	153	16	due	due	ADP
easat-9554	153	17	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	153	18	time	time	NOUN
easat-9554	153	19	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9554	153	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	153	21	large	large	ADJ
easat-9554	153	22	class	class	NOUN
easat-9554	153	23	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-9554	153	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	154	1	1078	1078	NUM
easat-9554	154	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	154	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	154	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	154	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	154	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	154	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	154	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	154	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	154	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	154	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	154	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	154	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	155	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	155	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	155	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	155	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	155	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	155	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	155	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	155	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	155	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	155	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	155	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	155	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	155	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	155	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	155	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	155	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	155	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	155	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	155	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	155	26	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	155	27	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	155	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	29	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	155	30	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	31	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	155	32	to	to	PART
easat-9554	155	33	question	question	VERB
easat-9554	155	34	15	15	NUM
easat-9554	155	35	to	to	PART
easat-9554	155	36	30	30	NUM
easat-9554	155	37	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	38	how	how	SCONJ
easat-9554	155	39	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	155	40	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	155	41	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	155	42	encouraged	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	155	43	to	to	PART
easat-9554	155	44	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	155	45	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9554	155	46	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	155	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	156	1	1079	1079	NUM
easat-9554	156	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	156	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	156	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	156	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	156	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	156	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	156	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	156	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	156	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	156	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	156	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	156	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	157	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	157	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	157	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	157	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	157	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	157	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	157	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	157	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	157	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	157	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	157	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	157	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	157	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	157	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	157	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	157	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	157	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	157	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	157	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	157	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	157	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	157	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	157	24	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	157	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	157	26	open	open	ADV
easat-9554	157	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	157	28	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	157	29	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	157	30	revealed	reveal	VERB
easat-9554	157	31	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-9554	157	32	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
easat-9554	157	33	toward	toward	ADP
easat-9554	157	34	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	157	35	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	157	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	158	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	158	2	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	158	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	158	4	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
easat-9554	158	5	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	158	6	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	158	7	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	158	8	developing	develop	VERB
easat-9554	158	9	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-9554	158	10	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	158	11	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	158	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	158	13	others	other	NOUN
easat-9554	158	14	expressed	express	VERB
easat-9554	158	15	skepticism	skepticism	NOUN
easat-9554	158	16	about	about	ADP
easat-9554	158	17	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	158	18	feasibility	feasibility	NOUN
easat-9554	158	19	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	158	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	158	21	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	158	22	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	158	23	context	context	NOUN
easat-9554	158	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	1	commonly	commonly	ADV
easat-9554	159	2	cited	cite	VERB
easat-9554	159	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	159	4	included	include	VERB
easat-9554	159	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	159	6	dominance	dominance	NOUN
easat-9554	159	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	159	8	exam	exam	NOUN
easat-9554	159	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	10	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-9554	159	11	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	159	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	13	a	a	DET
easat-9554	159	14	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9554	159	15	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	159	16	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	159	17	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	159	18	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	159	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	20	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	159	21	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	159	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	159	24	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9554	159	25	expectations	expectation	NOUN
easat-9554	159	26	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	159	27	position	position	VERB
easat-9554	159	28	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	159	29	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	159	30	primary	primary	ADJ
easat-9554	159	31	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	159	32	providers	provider	NOUN
easat-9554	159	33	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	34	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	159	35	5	5	NUM
easat-9554	159	36	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	159	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	160	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	160	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	160	3	echo	echo	VERB
easat-9554	160	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	160	5	work	work	NOUN
easat-9554	160	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	160	7	alsugair	alsugair	NOUN
easat-9554	160	8	[	[	X
easat-9554	160	9	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	160	10	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	160	11	who	who	PRON
easat-9554	160	12	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	160	13	the	the	DET
easat-9554	160	14	tension	tension	NOUN
easat-9554	160	15	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	160	16	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	160	17	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	160	18	values	value	NOUN
easat-9554	160	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	160	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	160	21	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9554	160	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	160	23	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-9554	160	24	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	160	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	160	26	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	160	27	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	160	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	161	1	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	161	2	5	5	NUM
easat-9554	161	3	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	162	1	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	162	2	to	to	PART
easat-9554	162	3	question	question	VERB
easat-9554	162	4	31	31	NUM
easat-9554	162	5	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	162	6	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9554	162	7	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	162	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	162	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	162	10	related	relate	VERB
easat-9554	162	11	factor	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	162	12	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	162	13	what	what	PRON
easat-9554	162	14	do	do	AUX
easat-9554	162	15	you	you	PRON
easat-9554	162	16	think	think	VERB
easat-9554	162	17	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	162	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	162	19	main	main	ADJ
easat-9554	162	20	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	162	21	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	162	22	lead	lead	VERB
easat-9554	162	23	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	162	24	a	a	DET
easat-9554	162	25	successful	successful	ADJ
easat-9554	162	26	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	162	27	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	162	28	?	?	PUNCT
easat-9554	162	29	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	162	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	163	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	163	2	these	these	DET
easat-9554	163	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	163	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	163	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	163	6	results	result	NOUN
easat-9554	163	7	suggest	suggest	VERB
easat-9554	163	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	163	9	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	163	10	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	163	11	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	163	12	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	163	13	cultivated	cultivate	VERB
easat-9554	163	14	even	even	ADV
easat-9554	163	15	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	163	16	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	163	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	163	18	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-9554	163	19	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-9554	163	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	164	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	164	2	who	who	PRON
easat-9554	164	3	adopted	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	164	4	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	164	5	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	164	6	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	164	7	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	164	8	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	164	9	relied	rely	VERB
easat-9554	164	10	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	164	11	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9554	164	12	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-9554	164	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	164	14	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	164	15	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	164	16	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-9554	164	17	textbook	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	164	18	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	164	19	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9554	164	20	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9554	164	21	real	real	ADJ
easat-9554	164	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	164	23	life	life	NOUN
easat-9554	164	24	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9554	164	25	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	164	26	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	164	27	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	164	28	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	164	29	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	164	30	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	164	31	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	165	1	this	this	PRON
easat-9554	165	2	aligns	align	VERB
easat-9554	165	3	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	165	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	165	5	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	165	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	165	7	kuchah	kuchah	NOUN
easat-9554	165	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	165	9	smith	smith	NOUN
easat-9554	166	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	166	2	12	12	NUM
easat-9554	166	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	166	4	who	who	PRON
easat-9554	166	5	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9554	166	6	that	that	DET
easat-9554	166	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	166	8	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	166	9	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	166	10	fostered	foster	VERB
easat-9554	166	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	166	12	large	large	ADJ
easat-9554	166	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	166	14	under	under	ADV
easat-9554	166	15	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	166	16	resourced	resource	VERB
easat-9554	166	17	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	166	18	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	166	19	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9554	166	20	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	166	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	167	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-9554	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	167	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	167	4	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9554	167	5	willingness	willingness	NOUN
easat-9554	167	6	to	to	PART
easat-9554	167	7	integrate	integrate	VERB
easat-9554	167	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	167	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	167	10	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	167	11	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	167	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	167	13	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	167	14	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	167	15	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	167	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	167	17	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	167	18	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	167	19	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9554	167	20	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	167	21	change	change	NOUN
easat-9554	167	22	agents	agent	NOUN
easat-9554	167	23	within	within	ADP
easat-9554	167	24	the	the	DET
easat-9554	167	25	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	167	26	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	167	27	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	168	1	1080	1080	NUM
easat-9554	168	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	168	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	168	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	168	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	168	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	168	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	168	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	168	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	168	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	168	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	168	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	168	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	169	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	169	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	169	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	169	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	169	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	169	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	169	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	169	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	169	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	169	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	169	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	169	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	169	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	169	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	169	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	169	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	169	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	169	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	169	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	169	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	169	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	170	1	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	170	2	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	170	3	gate	gate	PROPN
easat-9554	170	4	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	170	5	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	170	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	170	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	170	8	’	'	PUNCT
easat-9554	170	9	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	170	10	to	to	PART
easat-9554	170	11	question	question	VERB
easat-9554	170	12	31	31	NUM
easat-9554	170	13	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	170	14	focused	focus	VERB
easat-9554	170	15	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	170	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	170	17	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	170	18	related	relate	VERB
easat-9554	170	19	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	170	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	171	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	171	2	discussion	discussion	NOUN
easat-9554	171	3	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	171	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	171	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	171	6	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	171	7	role	role	NOUN
easat-9554	171	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	171	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	171	10	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	171	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	171	12	promoting	promote	VERB
easat-9554	171	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	171	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	172	1	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	172	2	respondents	respondent	NOUN
easat-9554	172	3	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9554	172	4	a	a	DET
easat-9554	172	5	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9554	172	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	172	7	preparation	preparation	NOUN
easat-9554	172	8	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	172	9	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	172	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	172	11	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	172	12	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	172	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	172	14	a	a	DET
easat-9554	172	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9554	172	16	barrier	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	172	17	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	172	18	implementing	implement	VERB
easat-9554	172	19	these	these	DET
easat-9554	172	20	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	172	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	173	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	173	2	finding	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	173	3	supports	support	VERB
easat-9554	173	4	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-9554	173	5	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	173	6	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	173	7	al	al	PROPN
easat-9554	173	8	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	173	9	otaibi	otaibi	NOUN
easat-9554	173	10	[	[	X
easat-9554	173	11	10	10	NUM
easat-9554	173	12	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	173	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	173	14	al	al	PROPN
easat-9554	173	15	asmari	asmari	PROPN
easat-9554	174	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	174	2	11	11	NUM
easat-9554	174	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	174	4	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	174	5	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	174	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	174	7	need	need	NOUN
easat-9554	174	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	174	9	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	174	10	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	174	11	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	174	12	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	174	13	equip	equip	VERB
easat-9554	174	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	174	15	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	174	16	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	174	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	174	18	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	174	19	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	174	20	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	174	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	175	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9554	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	175	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	175	4	results	result	NOUN
easat-9554	175	5	suggest	suggest	VERB
easat-9554	175	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	175	7	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9554	175	8	support	support	NOUN
easat-9554	175	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	175	10	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	175	11	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	175	12	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-9554	175	13	curriculums	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	175	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	175	15	access	access	NOUN
easat-9554	175	16	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	175	17	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	175	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	175	19	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	175	20	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	175	21	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	175	22	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9554	175	23	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	175	24	to	to	PART
easat-9554	175	25	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	175	26	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9554	175	27	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	175	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	176	1	1081	1081	NUM
easat-9554	176	2	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	176	3	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	176	4	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	176	5	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	176	6	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	176	7	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	176	8	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	176	9	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	176	10	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	176	11	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	176	12	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	176	13	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	177	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	177	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	177	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	177	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	177	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	177	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	177	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	177	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	177	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	177	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	177	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	177	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	177	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	177	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	177	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	177	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	177	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	177	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	177	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	177	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	177	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	177	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	177	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	177	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	177	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	177	27	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9554	177	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	177	29	the	the	DET
easat-9554	177	30	results	result	NOUN
easat-9554	177	31	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-9554	177	32	a	a	DET
easat-9554	177	33	complex	complex	ADJ
easat-9554	177	34	landscape	landscape	NOUN
easat-9554	177	35	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	177	36	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	177	37	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	177	38	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	177	39	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	177	40	regarding	regard	VERB
easat-9554	177	41	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	177	42	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	177	43	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	177	44	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	177	45	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	177	46	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	177	47	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	178	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	178	2	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	178	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	178	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9554	178	5	a	a	DET
easat-9554	178	6	willingness	willingness	NOUN
easat-9554	178	7	to	to	PART
easat-9554	178	8	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9554	178	9	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	178	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	178	11	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
easat-9554	178	12	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	178	13	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	178	14	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	178	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	178	16	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9554	178	17	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	178	18	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	178	19	limit	limit	VERB
easat-9554	178	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	178	21	full	full	ADJ
easat-9554	178	22	realization	realization	NOUN
easat-9554	178	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	178	24	these	these	DET
easat-9554	178	25	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	178	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	179	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	179	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	179	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
easat-9554	179	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	179	5	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	179	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	179	7	targeted	target	VERB
easat-9554	179	8	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-9554	179	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	179	10	including	include	VERB
easat-9554	179	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	179	12	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	179	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	179	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	179	15	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-9554	179	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	179	17	to	to	PART
easat-9554	179	18	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-9554	179	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	179	20	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-9554	179	21	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	179	22	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	179	23	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	179	24	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	179	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	180	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	180	2	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9554	180	3	these	these	DET
easat-9554	180	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	180	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	180	6	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	180	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	180	8	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-9554	180	9	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	180	10	create	create	VERB
easat-9554	180	11	an	an	DET
easat-9554	180	12	environment	environment	NOUN
easat-9554	180	13	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	180	14	empowers	empower	VERB
easat-9554	180	15	both	both	DET
easat-9554	180	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	180	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	180	18	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	180	19	to	to	PART
easat-9554	180	20	embrace	embrace	VERB
easat-9554	180	21	the	the	DET
easat-9554	180	22	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	180	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	180	24	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	180	25	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	180	26	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-9554	180	27	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	180	28	the	the	DET
easat-9554	180	29	quality	quality	NOUN
easat-9554	180	30	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	180	31	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	180	32	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	180	33	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	180	34	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	180	35	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	180	36	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	180	37	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	181	1	5	5	X
easat-9554	181	2	.	.	X
easat-9554	181	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9554	181	4	this	this	DET
easat-9554	181	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	181	6	aimed	aim	VERB
easat-9554	181	7	to	to	PART
easat-9554	181	8	investigate	investigate	VERB
easat-9554	181	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	181	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	181	11	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	181	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	181	13	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	181	14	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	181	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	181	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	181	17	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	181	18	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	181	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	181	20	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	181	21	alignment	alignment	NOUN
easat-9554	181	22	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	181	23	the	the	DET
easat-9554	181	24	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	181	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	181	26	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	181	27	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	181	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	182	1	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	182	2	a	a	DET
easat-9554	182	3	mixed	mixed	ADJ
easat-9554	182	4	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	182	5	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	182	6	approach	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	182	7	combining	combine	VERB
easat-9554	182	8	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9554	182	9	questionnaires	questionnaire	NOUN
easat-9554	182	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	182	11	open	open	ADJ
easat-9554	182	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	182	13	ended	end	VERB
easat-9554	182	14	responses	response	NOUN
easat-9554	182	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	182	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	182	17	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	182	18	explored	explore	VERB
easat-9554	182	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	182	20	’	’	PART
easat-9554	182	21	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	182	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	182	23	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	182	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	182	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	182	26	the	the	DET
easat-9554	182	27	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-9554	182	28	to	to	PART
easat-9554	182	29	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	182	30	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	182	31	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	182	32	foster	foster	ADJ
easat-9554	182	33	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	182	34	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	182	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	183	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	183	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	183	3	contribute	contribute	VERB
easat-9554	183	4	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	183	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	183	6	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9554	183	7	body	body	NOUN
easat-9554	183	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	183	9	literature	literature	NOUN
easat-9554	183	10	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	183	11	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	183	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	183	13	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	183	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	183	15	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	183	16	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	183	17	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	183	18	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9554	183	19	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	183	20	gaps	gap	NOUN
easat-9554	183	21	related	relate	VERB
easat-9554	183	22	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	183	23	the	the	DET
easat-9554	183	24	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	183	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	183	26	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	183	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	183	28	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	183	29	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	183	30	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	183	31	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	183	32	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	183	33	exam	exam	NOUN
easat-9554	183	34	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	183	35	oriented	orient	VERB
easat-9554	183	36	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	183	37	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9554	183	38	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	184	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	184	2	results	result	NOUN
easat-9554	184	3	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9554	184	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	184	5	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	184	6	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	184	7	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	184	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	184	9	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9554	184	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	184	11	structured	structured	ADJ
easat-9554	184	12	planning	planning	NOUN
easat-9554	184	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	184	14	adhere	adhere	VERB
easat-9554	184	15	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	184	16	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9554	184	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	184	18	education	education	PROPN
easat-9554	184	19	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
easat-9554	184	20	[	[	X
easat-9554	184	21	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	184	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	184	23	a	a	DET
easat-9554	184	24	substantial	substantial	ADJ
easat-9554	184	25	number	number	NOUN
easat-9554	184	26	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	184	27	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
easat-9554	184	28	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	184	29	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	184	30	encourage	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	184	31	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	184	32	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	184	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	185	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	185	2	frequently	frequently	ADV
easat-9554	185	3	reported	report	VERB
easat-9554	185	4	sharing	sharing	NOUN
easat-9554	185	5	lesson	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	185	6	objectives	objective	NOUN
easat-9554	185	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	185	8	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
easat-9554	185	9	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
easat-9554	185	10	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	185	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	185	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	185	13	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9554	185	14	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	185	15	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	185	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	185	17	to	to	PART
easat-9554	185	18	make	make	VERB
easat-9554	185	19	decisions	decision	NOUN
easat-9554	185	20	about	about	ADP
easat-9554	185	21	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	185	22	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	185	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	185	24	figures	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	185	25	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	185	26	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	185	27	5	5	NUM
easat-9554	185	28	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	185	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	186	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	186	2	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	186	3	align	align	VERB
easat-9554	186	4	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	186	5	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	186	6	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	186	7	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	186	8	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	186	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	186	10	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	186	11	position	position	NOUN
easat-9554	186	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	186	13	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	186	14	active	active	ADJ
easat-9554	186	15	participants	participant	NOUN
easat-9554	186	16	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	186	17	the	the	DET
easat-9554	186	18	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	186	19	process	process	NOUN
easat-9554	186	20	[	[	X
easat-9554	186	21	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	186	22	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	186	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	1	however	however	ADV
easat-9554	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	187	4	extent	extent	NOUN
easat-9554	187	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	187	6	these	these	DET
easat-9554	187	7	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	187	8	varied	varied	ADJ
easat-9554	187	9	significantly	significantly	ADV
easat-9554	187	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	11	with	with	SCONJ
easat-9554	187	12	some	some	DET
easat-9554	187	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	187	14	expressing	express	VERB
easat-9554	187	15	hesitancy	hesitancy	NOUN
easat-9554	187	16	to	to	PART
easat-9554	187	17	fully	fully	ADV
easat-9554	187	18	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	187	19	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	187	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	21	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	187	22	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	187	23	due	due	ADP
easat-9554	187	24	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	187	25	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	187	26	constraints	constraint	NOUN
easat-9554	187	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	28	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	187	29	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	187	30	rigid	rigid	ADJ
easat-9554	187	31	curriculums	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	187	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	33	large	large	ADJ
easat-9554	187	34	class	class	NOUN
easat-9554	187	35	sizes	size	NOUN
easat-9554	187	36	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	187	37	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	187	38	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9554	187	39	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	187	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	188	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	188	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
easat-9554	188	3	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	188	4	reveal	reveal	VERB
easat-9554	188	5	a	a	DET
easat-9554	188	6	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
easat-9554	188	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
easat-9554	188	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	188	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	188	10	’	’	PART
easat-9554	188	11	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	188	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	188	13	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	188	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	189	1	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	189	2	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	189	3	expressed	express	VERB
easat-9554	189	4	a	a	DET
easat-9554	189	5	belief	belief	NOUN
easat-9554	189	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	189	7	shared	shared	ADJ
easat-9554	189	8	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
easat-9554	189	9	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	189	10	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	189	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	189	12	reflecting	reflect	VERB
easat-9554	189	13	a	a	DET
easat-9554	189	14	gradual	gradual	ADJ
easat-9554	189	15	shift	shift	NOUN
easat-9554	189	16	away	away	ADV
easat-9554	189	17	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	189	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	189	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	189	20	dominated	dominate	VERB
easat-9554	189	21	models	model	NOUN
easat-9554	189	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	190	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	190	2	transformation	transformation	NOUN
easat-9554	190	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	190	4	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	190	5	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	190	6	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	190	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	190	8	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	190	9	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	190	10	it	it	PRON
easat-9554	190	11	encourages	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	190	12	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	190	13	to	to	PART
easat-9554	190	14	take	take	VERB
easat-9554	190	15	ownership	ownership	NOUN
easat-9554	190	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	190	17	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	190	18	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	190	19	journeys	journey	NOUN
easat-9554	190	20	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	191	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
easat-9554	191	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	191	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	191	4	views	view	NOUN
easat-9554	191	5	persist	persist	VERB
easat-9554	191	6	among	among	ADP
easat-9554	191	7	some	some	DET
easat-9554	191	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	191	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	191	10	who	who	PRON
easat-9554	191	11	continue	continue	VERB
easat-9554	191	12	to	to	PART
easat-9554	191	13	see	see	VERB
easat-9554	191	14	themselves	themselves	PRON
easat-9554	191	15	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	191	16	sole	sole	ADJ
easat-9554	191	17	authorities	authority	NOUN
easat-9554	191	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	191	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	191	20	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	191	21	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	191	22	table	table	NOUN
easat-9554	191	23	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	191	24	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	191	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	192	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	192	2	dualities	duality	NOUN
easat-9554	192	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	192	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	192	5	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	192	6	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	192	7	targeted	target	VERB
easat-9554	192	8	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	192	9	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	192	10	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	192	11	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	192	12	equip	equip	VERB
easat-9554	192	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	192	14	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	192	15	the	the	DET
easat-9554	192	16	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	192	17	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	192	18	confidence	confidence	NOUN
easat-9554	192	19	to	to	PART
easat-9554	192	20	embrace	embrace	VERB
easat-9554	192	21	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	192	22	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	192	23	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	192	24	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	192	25	[	[	X
easat-9554	192	26	10	10	NUM
easat-9554	192	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	192	28	14	14	NUM
easat-9554	192	29	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	192	30	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	193	1	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	193	2	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	193	3	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	193	4	widely	widely	ADV
easat-9554	193	5	recognized	recognize	VERB
easat-9554	193	6	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	193	7	a	a	DET
easat-9554	193	8	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	193	9	component	component	NOUN
easat-9554	193	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	193	11	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9554	193	12	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	193	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	193	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	193	15	providing	provide	VERB
easat-9554	193	16	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	193	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	193	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	193	19	tools	tool	NOUN
easat-9554	193	20	to	to	PART
easat-9554	193	21	engage	engage	VERB
easat-9554	193	22	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	193	23	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
easat-9554	193	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	193	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	193	26	adapt	adapt	VERB
easat-9554	193	27	to	to	PART
easat-9554	193	28	diverse	diverse	VERB
easat-9554	193	29	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	193	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	193	31	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	193	32	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	193	33	[	[	X
easat-9554	193	34	7	7	NUM
easat-9554	193	35	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	193	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	194	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	194	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	194	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
easat-9554	194	4	the	the	DET
easat-9554	194	5	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9554	194	6	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	194	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	194	8	to	to	PART
easat-9554	194	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	194	10	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	194	11	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	194	12	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
easat-9554	194	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	194	14	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	194	15	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	194	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	194	17	particularly	particularly	ADV
easat-9554	194	18	given	give	VERB
easat-9554	194	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	194	20	limited	limited	ADJ
easat-9554	194	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	194	22	for	for	SCONJ
easat-9554	194	23	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	194	24	to	to	PART
easat-9554	194	25	interact	interact	VERB
easat-9554	194	26	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	194	27	native	native	ADJ
easat-9554	194	28	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	194	29	speakers	speaker	NOUN
easat-9554	194	30	outside	outside	ADP
easat-9554	194	31	the	the	DET
easat-9554	194	32	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	194	33	[	[	X
easat-9554	194	34	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	194	35	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	194	36	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	195	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	195	2	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	195	3	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	195	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	195	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	195	6	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	195	7	help	help	VERB
easat-9554	195	8	bridge	bridge	VERB
easat-9554	195	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	195	10	gap	gap	NOUN
easat-9554	195	11	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	195	12	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	195	13	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	195	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	195	15	practical	practical	ADJ
easat-9554	195	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	195	17	use	use	NOUN
easat-9554	195	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	195	19	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9554	195	20	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	195	21	to	to	PART
easat-9554	195	22	become	become	VERB
easat-9554	195	23	more	more	ADV
easat-9554	195	24	proficient	proficient	ADJ
easat-9554	195	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	195	26	confident	confident	ADJ
easat-9554	195	27	communicators	communicator	NOUN
easat-9554	195	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	196	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
easat-9554	196	2	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	196	3	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9554	196	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	196	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	196	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
easat-9554	196	7	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	196	8	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	196	9	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	196	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	196	11	saudi	saudi	ADJ
easat-9554	196	12	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	196	13	schools	school	NOUN
easat-9554	196	14	faces	face	VERB
easat-9554	196	15	significant	significant	ADJ
easat-9554	196	16	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	196	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	197	1	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9554	197	2	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	197	3	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	197	4	factors	factor	NOUN
easat-9554	197	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	197	6	including	include	VERB
easat-9554	197	7	a	a	DET
easat-9554	197	8	focus	focus	NOUN
easat-9554	197	9	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	197	10	high	high	ADJ
easat-9554	197	11	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	197	12	stakes	stake	NOUN
easat-9554	197	13	exams	exam	NOUN
easat-9554	197	14	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	197	15	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	197	16	views	view	NOUN
easat-9554	197	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	197	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	197	19	authority	authority	NOUN
easat-9554	197	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	197	21	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	197	22	limit	limit	VERB
easat-9554	197	23	the	the	DET
easat-9554	197	24	adoption	adoption	NOUN
easat-9554	197	25	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	197	26	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	197	27	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	197	28	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	197	29	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	197	30	[	[	X
easat-9554	197	31	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	197	32	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	197	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	198	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9554	198	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	198	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	198	4	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	198	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
easat-9554	198	6	a	a	DET
easat-9554	198	7	lack	lack	NOUN
easat-9554	198	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	198	9	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9554	198	10	support	support	NOUN
easat-9554	198	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	198	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	198	13	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	198	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	198	15	citing	cite	VERB
easat-9554	198	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	198	17	rigidity	rigidity	NOUN
easat-9554	198	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	198	19	curriculums	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	198	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	198	21	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
easat-9554	198	22	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	198	23	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	198	24	barriers	barrier	NOUN
easat-9554	198	25	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	198	26	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	198	27	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	198	28	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	198	29	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	198	30	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	198	31	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	198	32	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	199	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	199	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	199	3	echo	echo	VERB
easat-9554	199	4	those	those	PRON
easat-9554	199	5	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9554	199	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	199	7	previous	previous	ADJ
easat-9554	199	8	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	199	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	199	10	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	199	11	has	have	AUX
easat-9554	199	12	highlighted	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	199	13	the	the	DET
easat-9554	199	14	tension	tension	NOUN
easat-9554	199	15	between	between	ADP
easat-9554	199	16	traditional	traditional	ADJ
easat-9554	199	17	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	199	18	values	value	NOUN
easat-9554	199	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	199	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	199	21	demands	demand	NOUN
easat-9554	199	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	199	23	modern	modern	ADJ
easat-9554	199	24	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	199	25	[	[	X
easat-9554	199	26	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	199	27	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	199	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	200	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
easat-9554	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	200	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	200	4	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	200	5	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	200	6	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	200	7	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
easat-9554	200	8	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	200	9	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9554	200	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	201	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	201	2	who	who	PRON
easat-9554	201	3	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	201	4	autonomysupportive	autonomysupportive	ADJ
easat-9554	201	5	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	201	6	often	often	ADV
easat-9554	201	7	employ	employ	VERB
easat-9554	201	8	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9554	201	9	solutions	solution	NOUN
easat-9554	201	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	201	11	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	201	12	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	201	13	adapting	adapt	VERB
easat-9554	201	14	textbook	textbook	NOUN
easat-9554	201	15	activities	activity	NOUN
easat-9554	201	16	or	or	CCONJ
easat-9554	201	17	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
easat-9554	201	18	real	real	ADJ
easat-9554	201	19	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	201	20	life	life	NOUN
easat-9554	201	21	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
easat-9554	201	22	into	into	ADP
easat-9554	201	23	lessons	lesson	NOUN
easat-9554	201	24	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	201	25	figure	figure	NOUN
easat-9554	201	26	7	7	NUM
easat-9554	201	27	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	201	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	202	1	these	these	DET
easat-9554	202	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
easat-9554	202	3	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9554	202	4	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	202	5	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	202	6	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	202	7	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	202	8	cultivated	cultivate	VERB
easat-9554	202	9	even	even	ADV
easat-9554	202	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	202	11	resource	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	202	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	202	13	constrained	constrain	VERB
easat-9554	202	14	settings	setting	NOUN
easat-9554	202	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	202	16	aligning	align	VERB
easat-9554	202	17	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	202	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	202	19	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	202	20	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	202	21	kuchah	kuchah	NOUN
easat-9554	202	22	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	202	23	smith	smith	PROPN
easat-9554	202	24	1082	1082	PROPN
easat-9554	202	25	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	202	26	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	202	27	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	202	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	202	29	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	202	30	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	202	31	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	202	32	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	202	33	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	202	34	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	202	35	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	202	36	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	203	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	203	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	203	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	203	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	203	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	203	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	203	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	203	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	203	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	203	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	203	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	203	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	203	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	203	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	203	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	203	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	203	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	203	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	203	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	203	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	203	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	203	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	203	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	203	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	204	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	204	2	12	12	NUM
easat-9554	204	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	204	4	who	who	PRON
easat-9554	204	5	showed	show	VERB
easat-9554	204	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	204	7	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9554	204	8	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	204	9	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	204	10	thrive	thrive	VERB
easat-9554	204	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	204	12	challenging	challenging	ADJ
easat-9554	204	13	environments	environment	NOUN
easat-9554	204	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	205	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
easat-9554	205	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	205	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	205	4	willingness	willingness	NOUN
easat-9554	205	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	205	6	many	many	ADJ
easat-9554	205	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	205	8	to	to	PART
easat-9554	205	9	experiment	experiment	VERB
easat-9554	205	10	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	205	11	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	205	12	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	205	13	centered	center	VERB
easat-9554	205	14	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	205	15	suggests	suggest	VERB
easat-9554	205	16	a	a	DET
easat-9554	205	17	growing	grow	VERB
easat-9554	205	18	openness	openness	NOUN
easat-9554	205	19	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	205	20	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	205	21	reform	reform	NOUN
easat-9554	205	22	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	206	1	to	to	PART
easat-9554	206	2	address	address	VERB
easat-9554	206	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	206	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	206	5	identified	identify	VERB
easat-9554	206	6	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	206	7	this	this	DET
easat-9554	206	8	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	206	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	206	10	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	206	11	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-9554	206	12	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	206	13	needed	need	VERB
easat-9554	206	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	207	1	professional	professional	ADJ
easat-9554	207	2	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	207	3	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	207	4	should	should	AUX
easat-9554	207	5	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
easat-9554	207	6	training	training	NOUN
easat-9554	207	7	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	207	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	207	9	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	207	10	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	207	11	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	207	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	207	13	equipping	equip	VERB
easat-9554	207	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	207	15	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	207	16	the	the	DET
easat-9554	207	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	207	18	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	207	19	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	207	20	to	to	PART
easat-9554	207	21	implement	implement	VERB
easat-9554	207	22	these	these	DET
easat-9554	207	23	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	207	24	effectively	effectively	ADV
easat-9554	207	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	208	1	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	208	2	programs	program	NOUN
easat-9554	208	3	should	should	AUX
easat-9554	208	4	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	208	5	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	208	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	208	7	importance	importance	NOUN
easat-9554	208	8	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	208	9	reflective	reflective	ADJ
easat-9554	208	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	208	11	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	208	12	encouraging	encourage	VERB
easat-9554	208	13	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	208	14	to	to	PART
easat-9554	208	15	critically	critically	ADV
easat-9554	208	16	examine	examine	VERB
easat-9554	208	17	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	208	18	roles	role	NOUN
easat-9554	208	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	208	20	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
easat-9554	208	21	[	[	X
easat-9554	208	22	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	208	23	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	208	24	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	209	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
easat-9554	209	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	209	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
easat-9554	209	4	reforms	reform	NOUN
easat-9554	209	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	209	6	such	such	ADJ
easat-9554	209	7	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	209	8	flexible	flexible	ADJ
easat-9554	209	9	curriculums	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	209	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	209	11	increased	increase	VERB
easat-9554	209	12	access	access	NOUN
easat-9554	209	13	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	209	14	resources	resource	NOUN
easat-9554	209	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	209	16	are	be	AUX
easat-9554	209	17	essential	essential	ADJ
easat-9554	209	18	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	209	19	enabling	enable	VERB
easat-9554	209	20	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	209	21	to	to	PART
easat-9554	209	22	adopt	adopt	VERB
easat-9554	209	23	innovative	innovative	ADJ
easat-9554	209	24	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	209	25	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	210	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	210	2	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	210	3	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	210	4	have	have	VERB
easat-9554	210	5	broader	broad	ADJ
easat-9554	210	6	implications	implication	NOUN
easat-9554	210	7	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	210	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	210	9	policy	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	210	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	210	11	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	210	12	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	210	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	211	1	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	211	2	the	the	DET
easat-9554	211	3	nation	nation	NOUN
easat-9554	211	4	strives	strive	VERB
easat-9554	211	5	to	to	PART
easat-9554	211	6	achieve	achieve	VERB
easat-9554	211	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	211	8	goals	goal	NOUN
easat-9554	211	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	211	10	vision	vision	NOUN
easat-9554	211	11	2030	2030	NUM
easat-9554	211	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	211	13	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	211	14	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
easat-9554	211	15	the	the	DET
easat-9554	211	16	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	211	17	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	211	18	a	a	DET
easat-9554	211	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
easat-9554	211	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	211	21	based	base	VERB
easat-9554	211	22	economy	economy	NOUN
easat-9554	211	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	211	24	fostering	foster	VERB
easat-9554	211	25	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	211	26	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	211	27	will	will	AUX
easat-9554	211	28	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	211	29	critical	critical	ADJ
easat-9554	211	30	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	211	31	preparing	prepare	VERB
easat-9554	211	32	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	211	33	to	to	PART
easat-9554	211	34	succeed	succeed	VERB
easat-9554	211	35	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	211	36	a	a	DET
easat-9554	211	37	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
easat-9554	211	38	changing	change	VERB
easat-9554	211	39	world	world	NOUN
easat-9554	211	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	212	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	212	2	empowering	empower	VERB
easat-9554	212	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	212	4	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	212	5	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	212	6	to	to	PART
easat-9554	212	7	embrace	embrace	VERB
easat-9554	212	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	212	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	212	10	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-9554	212	11	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	212	12	create	create	VERB
easat-9554	212	13	an	an	DET
easat-9554	212	14	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	212	15	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	212	16	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	212	17	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	212	18	not	not	PART
easat-9554	212	19	only	only	ADV
easat-9554	212	20	aligned	align	VERB
easat-9554	212	21	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	212	22	global	global	ADJ
easat-9554	212	23	standards	standard	NOUN
easat-9554	212	24	but	but	CCONJ
easat-9554	212	25	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	212	26	responsive	responsive	ADJ
easat-9554	212	27	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	212	28	local	local	ADJ
easat-9554	212	29	needs	need	NOUN
easat-9554	212	30	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	212	31	cultural	cultural	ADJ
easat-9554	212	32	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9554	212	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	213	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	213	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
easat-9554	213	3	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	213	4	this	this	DET
easat-9554	213	5	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	213	6	highlights	highlight	VERB
easat-9554	213	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	213	8	transformative	transformative	ADJ
easat-9554	213	9	potential	potential	NOUN
easat-9554	213	10	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	213	11	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	213	12	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	213	13	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	213	14	enhancing	enhance	VERB
easat-9554	213	15	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	213	16	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	213	17	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	213	18	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	213	19	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	213	20	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	213	21	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	214	1	while	while	SCONJ
easat-9554	214	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
easat-9554	214	3	remain	remain	VERB
easat-9554	214	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	214	5	the	the	DET
easat-9554	214	6	findings	finding	NOUN
easat-9554	214	7	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
easat-9554	214	8	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	214	9	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	214	10	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	214	11	be	be	AUX
easat-9554	214	12	fostered	foster	VERB
easat-9554	214	13	through	through	ADP
easat-9554	214	14	targeted	target	VERB
easat-9554	214	15	interventions	intervention	NOUN
easat-9554	214	16	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	214	17	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9554	214	18	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	214	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	214	20	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	214	21	systemic	systemic	ADJ
easat-9554	214	22	support	support	NOUN
easat-9554	214	23	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	215	1	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	215	2	addressing	address	VERB
easat-9554	215	3	these	these	DET
easat-9554	215	4	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9554	215	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	215	6	educators	educator	NOUN
easat-9554	215	7	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	215	8	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
easat-9554	215	9	can	can	AUX
easat-9554	215	10	create	create	VERB
easat-9554	215	11	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	215	12	that	that	PRON
easat-9554	215	13	empower	empower	VERB
easat-9554	215	14	both	both	DET
easat-9554	215	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	215	16	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	215	17	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	215	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	215	19	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
easat-9554	215	20	contributing	contribute	VERB
easat-9554	215	21	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	215	22	a	a	DET
easat-9554	215	23	more	more	ADV
easat-9554	215	24	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
easat-9554	215	25	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	215	26	effective	effective	ADJ
easat-9554	215	27	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	215	28	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	215	29	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	216	1	the	the	DET
easat-9554	216	2	insights	insight	NOUN
easat-9554	216	3	provided	provide	VERB
easat-9554	216	4	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	216	5	this	this	DET
easat-9554	216	6	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	216	7	also	also	ADV
easat-9554	216	8	lay	lie	VERB
easat-9554	216	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	216	10	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
easat-9554	216	11	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	216	12	future	future	ADJ
easat-9554	216	13	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	216	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	216	15	which	which	PRON
easat-9554	216	16	could	could	AUX
easat-9554	216	17	explore	explore	VERB
easat-9554	216	18	the	the	DET
easat-9554	216	19	long	long	ADJ
easat-9554	216	20	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	216	21	term	term	NOUN
easat-9554	216	22	impacts	impact	NOUN
easat-9554	216	23	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	216	24	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	216	25	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	216	26	supportive	supportive	ADJ
easat-9554	216	27	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	216	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	216	29	their	their	PRON
easat-9554	216	30	applicability	applicability	NOUN
easat-9554	216	31	across	across	ADP
easat-9554	216	32	different	different	ADJ
easat-9554	216	33	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	216	34	contexts	contexts	NOUN
easat-9554	216	35	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	217	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
easat-9554	217	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	217	3	the	the	DET
easat-9554	217	4	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	217	5	confirms	confirm	VERB
easat-9554	217	6	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	217	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	217	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
easat-9554	217	9	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	217	10	an	an	DET
easat-9554	217	11	honest	honest	ADJ
easat-9554	217	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	217	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
easat-9554	217	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	217	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	217	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
easat-9554	217	17	account	account	NOUN
easat-9554	217	18	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	217	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	217	20	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	217	21	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	217	22	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	217	23	no	no	DET
easat-9554	217	24	vital	vital	ADJ
easat-9554	217	25	features	feature	NOUN
easat-9554	217	26	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	217	27	the	the	DET
easat-9554	217	28	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	217	29	have	have	AUX
easat-9554	217	30	been	be	AUX
easat-9554	217	31	omitted	omit	VERB
easat-9554	217	32	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	217	33	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	217	34	that	that	SCONJ
easat-9554	217	35	any	any	DET
easat-9554	217	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
easat-9554	217	37	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	217	38	the	the	DET
easat-9554	217	39	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	217	40	as	as	SCONJ
easat-9554	217	41	planned	plan	VERB
easat-9554	217	42	have	have	AUX
easat-9554	217	43	been	be	AUX
easat-9554	217	44	explained	explain	VERB
easat-9554	217	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	218	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	218	2	study	study	NOUN
easat-9554	218	3	followed	follow	VERB
easat-9554	218	4	all	all	DET
easat-9554	218	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
easat-9554	218	6	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	218	7	during	during	ADP
easat-9554	218	8	writing	writing	NOUN
easat-9554	218	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	219	1	copyright	copyright	NOUN
easat-9554	219	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	219	3	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	219	4	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	219	5	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	219	6	the	the	DET
easat-9554	219	7	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	219	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	220	1	this	this	DET
easat-9554	220	2	open	open	ADJ
easat-9554	220	3	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	220	4	access	access	NOUN
easat-9554	220	5	article	article	NOUN
easat-9554	220	6	is	be	AUX
easat-9554	220	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
easat-9554	220	8	under	under	ADP
easat-9554	220	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	220	10	terms	term	NOUN
easat-9554	220	11	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	220	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
easat-9554	220	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	220	14	the	the	DET
easat-9554	220	15	creative	creative	ADJ
easat-9554	220	16	commons	common	NOUN
easat-9554	220	17	attribution	attribution	NOUN
easat-9554	220	18	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	220	19	cc	cc	NOUN
easat-9554	220	20	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	220	21	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	220	22	license	license	NOUN
easat-9554	220	23	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	220	24	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-9554	220	25	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	220	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	221	1	references	reference	NOUN
easat-9554	221	2	[	[	X
easat-9554	221	3	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	221	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	221	5	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9554	221	6	holec	holec	PROPN
easat-9554	221	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	221	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	221	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	221	10	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-9554	221	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	221	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	221	13	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	222	1	oxford	oxford	NOUN
easat-9554	222	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	222	3	pergamon	pergamon	PROPN
easat-9554	222	4	press	press	PROPN
easat-9554	222	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	222	6	1981	1981	NUM
easat-9554	222	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	223	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	223	2	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	223	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	223	4	d.	d.	NOUN
easat-9554	223	5	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	223	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	223	7	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	223	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	223	9	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	223	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	223	11	definitions	definition	NOUN
easat-9554	223	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	223	13	issues	issue	NOUN
easat-9554	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	223	15	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	223	16	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-9554	223	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	224	1	dublin	dublin	PROPN
easat-9554	224	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	224	3	authentik	authentik	PROPN
easat-9554	224	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	224	5	1991	1991	NUM
easat-9554	224	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	225	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	225	2	3	3	X
easat-9554	225	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	225	4	l.	l.	PROPN
easat-9554	225	5	dam	dam	PROPN
easat-9554	225	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	225	7	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	225	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	225	9	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	225	10	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	225	11	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	225	12	theory	theory	NOUN
easat-9554	225	13	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	225	14	classroom	classroom	NOUN
easat-9554	225	15	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	225	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	226	1	dublin	dublin	NOUN
easat-9554	226	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	226	3	authentik	authentik	PROPN
easat-9554	226	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	226	5	1995	1995	NUM
easat-9554	226	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	227	2	4	4	X
easat-9554	227	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	227	4	w.	w.	PROPN
easat-9554	227	5	littlewood	littlewood	PROPN
easat-9554	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	8	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	227	9	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	10	an	an	DET
easat-9554	227	11	anatomy	anatomy	NOUN
easat-9554	227	12	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	227	13	a	a	DET
easat-9554	227	14	framework	framework	NOUN
easat-9554	227	15	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	16	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	17	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	227	18	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	19	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	227	20	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	227	21	24	24	NUM
easat-9554	227	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	23	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	227	24	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	227	25	4	4	NUM
easat-9554	227	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	227	27	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	227	28	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	228	1	427	427	NUM
easat-9554	228	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	228	3	435	435	NUM
easat-9554	228	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	228	5	1996	1996	NUM
easat-9554	228	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	229	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(96)00039-5	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(96)00039-5	X
easat-9554	229	2	[	[	X
easat-9554	229	3	5	5	X
easat-9554	229	4	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	229	5	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9554	229	6	barnes	barnes	PROPN
easat-9554	229	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	229	8	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	229	9	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9554	229	10	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	229	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
easat-9554	229	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	230	1	harmondsworth	harmondsworth	NOUN
easat-9554	230	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	230	3	penguin	penguin	NOUN
easat-9554	230	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	230	5	1976	1976	NUM
easat-9554	230	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	231	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	231	2	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	231	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	231	4	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9554	231	5	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	231	6	education	education	PROPN
easat-9554	231	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	231	8	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	231	9	policies	policy	NOUN
easat-9554	231	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	231	11	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	231	12	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	231	13	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	231	14	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	231	15	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	232	1	riyadh	riyadh	PROPN
easat-9554	232	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	232	3	ministry	ministry	PROPN
easat-9554	232	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	232	5	education	education	PROPN
easat-9554	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	232	7	2014	2014	NUM
easat-9554	232	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	233	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	233	2	7	7	X
easat-9554	233	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	233	4	h.	h.	PROPN
easat-9554	233	5	holec	holec	PROPN
easat-9554	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	233	7	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	233	8	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	233	9	self	self	NOUN
easat-9554	233	10	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	233	11	directed	direct	VERB
easat-9554	233	12	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	233	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	233	14	present	present	ADJ
easat-9554	233	15	fields	field	NOUN
easat-9554	233	16	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	233	17	application	application	NOUN
easat-9554	233	18	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	234	1	strasbourg	strasbourg	NOUN
easat-9554	234	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	234	3	council	council	PROPN
easat-9554	234	4	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	234	5	europe	europe	PROPN
easat-9554	234	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	234	7	1988	1988	NUM
easat-9554	234	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	235	2	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	235	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9554	235	5	m.	m.	NOUN
easat-9554	235	6	alsugair	alsugair	PROPN
easat-9554	235	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	9	the	the	DET
easat-9554	235	10	effect	effect	NOUN
easat-9554	235	11	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	235	12	teaching	teach	VERB
easat-9554	235	13	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	235	14	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	235	15	a	a	DET
easat-9554	235	16	foreign	foreign	ADJ
easat-9554	235	17	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	235	18	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	235	19	the	the	DET
easat-9554	235	20	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
easat-9554	235	21	skills	skill	NOUN
easat-9554	235	22	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	235	23	secondary	secondary	ADJ
easat-9554	235	24	school	school	NOUN
easat-9554	235	25	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	235	26	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	235	27	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	235	28	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	235	29	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	30	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	31	journal	journal	NOUN
easat-9554	235	32	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	235	33	educational	educational	ADJ
easat-9554	235	34	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	235	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	36	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	235	37	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	235	38	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	235	39	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	40	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	235	41	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	235	42	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	235	43	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	235	44	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	235	45	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	236	1	15	15	NUM
easat-9554	236	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	236	3	30	30	NUM
easat-9554	236	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	236	5	2007	2007	NUM
easat-9554	236	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	237	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	237	2	9	9	X
easat-9554	237	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	237	4	t.	t.	PROPN
easat-9554	237	5	wright	wright	PROPN
easat-9554	237	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	237	7	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9554	237	8	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9554	237	9	candlin	candlin	PROPN
easat-9554	237	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	237	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	237	12	talk	talk	NOUN
easat-9554	237	13	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	237	14	pupil	pupil	NOUN
easat-9554	237	15	talk	talk	NOUN
easat-9554	237	16	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	237	17	an	an	DET
easat-9554	237	18	exploration	exploration	NOUN
easat-9554	237	19	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	237	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	237	21	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	237	22	’s	’s	PART
easat-9554	237	23	choice	choice	NOUN
easat-9554	237	24	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	237	25	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	237	26	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	238	1	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	238	2	c.	c.	PROPN
easat-9554	238	3	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9554	238	4	candlin	candlin	PROPN
easat-9554	238	5	&	&	CCONJ
easat-9554	238	6	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9554	238	7	murphy	murphy	PROPN
easat-9554	238	8	(	(	PUNCT
easat-9554	238	9	eds	eds	PROPN
easat-9554	238	10	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	238	11	)	)	PUNCT
easat-9554	238	12	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	238	13	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	238	14	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	238	15	tasks	task	NOUN
easat-9554	238	16	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	239	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-9554	239	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	239	3	prentice	prentice	PROPN
easat-9554	239	4	hall	hall	PROPN
easat-9554	239	5	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	239	6	1987	1987	NUM
easat-9554	239	7	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	240	2	10	10	NUM
easat-9554	240	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	240	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-9554	240	5	n.	n.	PROPN
easat-9554	240	6	al	al	PROPN
easat-9554	240	7	-	-	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	8	otaibi	otaibi	NOUN
easat-9554	240	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	11	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	240	12	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	240	13	strategy	strategy	NOUN
easat-9554	240	14	use	use	NOUN
easat-9554	240	15	among	among	ADP
easat-9554	240	16	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	240	17	efl	efl	PROPN
easat-9554	240	18	students	student	NOUN
easat-9554	240	19	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	240	20	its	its	PRON
easat-9554	240	21	relationship	relationship	NOUN
easat-9554	240	22	to	to	PART
easat-9554	240	23	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	240	24	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
easat-9554	240	25	level	level	NOUN
easat-9554	240	26	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	27	gender	gender	NOUN
easat-9554	240	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	29	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	240	30	motivation	motivation	NOUN
easat-9554	240	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	32	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	33	doctoral	doctoral	ADJ
easat-9554	240	34	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
easat-9554	240	35	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	36	indiana	indiana	PROPN
easat-9554	240	37	university	university	PROPN
easat-9554	240	38	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	240	39	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
easat-9554	240	40	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	240	41	2004	2004	NUM
easat-9554	240	42	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	241	2	11	11	NUM
easat-9554	241	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9554	241	5	al	al	PROPN
easat-9554	241	6	asmari	asmari	PROPN
easat-9554	241	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	8	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	9	practices	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	241	10	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	241	11	prospects	prospect	NOUN
easat-9554	241	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	241	13	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	241	14	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	241	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	241	17	'	'	PART
easat-9554	241	18	perceptions	perception	NOUN
easat-9554	241	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	21	english	english	ADJ
easat-9554	241	22	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	241	23	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	241	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	241	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	241	27	6	6	NUM
easat-9554	241	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	241	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	241	31	3	3	NUM
easat-9554	241	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	241	33	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	241	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	242	1	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	242	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	242	3	10	10	NUM
easat-9554	242	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	242	5	2013	2013	NUM
easat-9554	242	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	243	1	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n3p1	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n3p1	PROPN
easat-9554	244	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	244	2	12	12	NUM
easat-9554	244	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	4	k.	k.	PROPN
easat-9554	244	5	kuchah	kuchah	PROPN
easat-9554	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	244	7	r.	r.	PROPN
easat-9554	244	8	smith	smith	PROPN
easat-9554	244	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	11	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
easat-9554	244	12	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	244	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	244	14	for	for	ADP
easat-9554	244	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
easat-9554	244	16	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
easat-9554	244	17	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	18	from	from	ADP
easat-9554	244	19	practice	practice	NOUN
easat-9554	244	20	to	to	ADP
easat-9554	244	21	principles	principle	NOUN
easat-9554	244	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	23	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	24	innovation	innovation	NOUN
easat-9554	244	25	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	244	26	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	244	27	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	244	28	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	244	29	teaching	teaching	NOUN
easat-9554	244	30	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	31	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	244	32	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	244	33	5	5	NUM
easat-9554	244	34	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	35	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	244	36	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	244	37	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	244	38	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	244	39	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	244	40	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	245	1	119	119	NUM
easat-9554	245	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	245	3	140	140	NUM
easat-9554	245	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	245	5	2011	2011	NUM
easat-9554	245	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	246	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2011.577529	https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2011.577529	PROPN
easat-9554	247	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	247	2	13	13	NUM
easat-9554	247	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	247	4	g.	g.	PROPN
easat-9554	247	5	rabab’ah	rabab’ah	PROPN
easat-9554	247	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	8	communication	communication	NOUN
easat-9554	247	9	problems	problem	NOUN
easat-9554	247	10	facing	face	VERB
easat-9554	247	11	arab	arab	ADJ
easat-9554	247	12	learners	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	247	13	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	247	14	english	english	PROPN
easat-9554	247	15	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	16	a	a	DET
easat-9554	247	17	personal	personal	ADJ
easat-9554	247	18	perspective	perspective	NOUN
easat-9554	247	19	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	20	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	21	tefl	tefl	NOUN
easat-9554	247	22	web	web	NOUN
easat-9554	247	23	journal	journal	PROPN
easat-9554	247	24	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	25	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	247	26	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	247	27	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	247	28	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	29	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	247	30	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	247	31	1	1	NUM
easat-9554	247	32	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	247	33	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	247	34	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	248	1	15	15	NUM
easat-9554	248	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	248	3	30	30	NUM
easat-9554	248	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	248	5	2005	2005	NUM
easat-9554	248	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	249	1	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
easat-9554	249	2	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(96)00039-5	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(96)00039-5	PROPN
easat-9554	249	3	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n3p1	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n3p1	PROPN
easat-9554	249	4	https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2011.577529	https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2011.577529	CCONJ
easat-9554	249	5	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	249	6	edelweiss	edelweiss	PROPN
easat-9554	249	7	applied	apply	VERB
easat-9554	249	8	science	science	NOUN
easat-9554	249	9	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	249	10	technology	technology	NOUN
easat-9554	249	11	issn	issn	PROPN
easat-9554	249	12	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	249	13	2576	2576	NUM
easat-9554	249	14	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	249	15	8484	8484	NUM
easat-9554	249	16	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	249	17	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	250	1	9	9	NUM
easat-9554	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	250	3	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	250	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	250	5	8	8	NUM
easat-9554	250	6	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	250	7	1069	1069	NUM
easat-9554	250	8	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	250	9	1083	1083	NUM
easat-9554	250	10	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	250	11	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	250	12	doi	doi	NOUN
easat-9554	250	13	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	250	14	10.55214/2576	10.55214/2576	NUM
easat-9554	250	15	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	250	16	8484.v9i8.9554	8484.v9i8.9554	NUM
easat-9554	250	17	©	©	PROPN
easat-9554	250	18	2025	2025	NUM
easat-9554	250	19	by	by	ADP
easat-9554	250	20	the	the	DET
easat-9554	250	21	author	author	NOUN
easat-9554	250	22	;	;	PUNCT
easat-9554	250	23	licensee	licensee	PROPN
easat-9554	250	24	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	250	25	gate	gate	NOUN
easat-9554	251	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	251	2	14	14	NUM
easat-9554	251	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	251	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9554	251	5	little	little	ADJ
easat-9554	251	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	7	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	8	learning	learn	VERB
easat-9554	251	9	as	as	ADP
easat-9554	251	10	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
easat-9554	251	11	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	251	13	dependence	dependence	NOUN
easat-9554	251	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	251	15	learner	learner	NOUN
easat-9554	251	16	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	251	17	on	on	ADP
easat-9554	251	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
easat-9554	251	19	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
easat-9554	251	20	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	21	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	22	system	system	NOUN
easat-9554	251	23	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	24	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	251	25	.	.	PROPN
easat-9554	251	26	23	23	NUM
easat-9554	251	27	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	28	no	no	INTJ
easat-9554	251	29	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	251	30	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	251	31	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	251	32	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	251	33	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	252	1	175	175	NUM
easat-9554	252	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	252	3	181	181	NUM
easat-9554	252	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	252	5	1995	1995	NUM
easat-9554	252	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	253	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(95)00006-6	https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(95)00006-6	PROPN
easat-9554	254	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	254	2	15	15	NUM
easat-9554	254	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	254	4	a.	a.	NOUN
easat-9554	254	5	alsaloom	alsaloom	NOUN
easat-9554	254	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	254	7	the	the	DET
easat-9554	254	8	development	development	NOUN
easat-9554	254	9	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	254	10	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	254	11	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	254	12	the	the	DET
easat-9554	254	13	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN
easat-9554	254	14	of	of	ADP
easat-9554	254	15	saudi	saudi	PROPN
easat-9554	254	16	arabia	arabia	PROPN
easat-9554	254	17	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	255	1	riyadh	riyadh	PROPN
easat-9554	255	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	255	3	king	king	PROPN
easat-9554	255	4	fahd	fahd	PROPN
easat-9554	255	5	national	national	PROPN
easat-9554	255	6	library	library	PROPN
easat-9554	255	7	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	255	8	1991	1991	NUM
easat-9554	255	9	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	256	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	256	2	16	16	NUM
easat-9554	256	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	256	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9554	256	5	nunan	nunan	PROPN
easat-9554	256	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	256	7	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	256	8	methods	method	NOUN
easat-9554	256	9	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	256	10	language	language	NOUN
easat-9554	256	11	learning	learning	NOUN
easat-9554	256	12	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	257	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
easat-9554	257	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	257	3	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
easat-9554	257	4	university	university	PROPN
easat-9554	257	5	press	press	NOUN
easat-9554	257	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	257	7	1992	1992	NUM
easat-9554	257	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	258	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	258	2	17	17	NUM
easat-9554	258	3	]	]	X
easat-9554	258	4	d.	d.	PROPN
easat-9554	258	5	muijs	muijs	PROPN
easat-9554	258	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	258	7	doing	do	VERB
easat-9554	258	8	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
easat-9554	258	9	research	research	NOUN
easat-9554	258	10	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	258	11	education	education	NOUN
easat-9554	258	12	with	with	ADP
easat-9554	258	13	spss	spss	PROPN
easat-9554	258	14	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	259	1	london	london	PROPN
easat-9554	259	2	:	:	PUNCT
easat-9554	259	3	sage	sage	NOUN
easat-9554	259	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	259	5	2010	2010	NUM
easat-9554	259	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	260	1	[	[	X
easat-9554	260	2	18	18	NUM
easat-9554	260	3	]	]	PUNCT
easat-9554	260	4	v.	v.	X
easat-9554	260	5	braun	braun	NOUN
easat-9554	260	6	and	and	CCONJ
easat-9554	260	7	v.	v.	ADP
easat-9554	260	8	clarke	clarke	PROPN
easat-9554	260	9	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	260	10	"	"	PUNCT
easat-9554	260	11	using	use	VERB
easat-9554	260	12	thematic	thematic	ADJ
easat-9554	260	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
easat-9554	260	14	in	in	ADP
easat-9554	260	15	psychology	psychology	NOUN
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easat-9554	260	18	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
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easat-9554	260	21	psychology	psychology	NOUN
easat-9554	260	22	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	260	23	vol	vol	NOUN
easat-9554	260	24	.	.	PROPN
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easat-9554	261	2	,	,	PUNCT
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easat-9554	261	4	.	.	NOUN
easat-9554	261	5	2	2	NUM
easat-9554	261	6	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	261	7	pp	pp	ADJ
easat-9554	261	8	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	262	1	77	77	NUM
easat-9554	262	2	-	-	SYM
easat-9554	262	3	101	101	NUM
easat-9554	262	4	,	,	PUNCT
easat-9554	262	5	2006	2006	NUM
easat-9554	262	6	.	.	PUNCT
easat-9554	263	1	https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa	https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa	PROPN
easat-9554	263	2	https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(95)00006-6	https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(95)00006-6	PROPN
easat-9554	263	3	https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa	https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa	NOUN