Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6, 1870-1881 2024 Publisher: Learning Gate DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate * Correspondence: nguyenanhquoc@hcmussh.edu.vn Changes of the state in the commodity economy Nguyen Van Y1, Huynh Van Giau2, Nguyen Anh Quoc3* 1Ho Chi Minh City University of Law; nvy@hcmulaw.edu.vn (N.V.Y.). 2Van Hien University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; giauhv@vhu.edu.vn (H.V.G.). 3University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City (USSH - VNUHCM), Vietnam; nguyenanhquoc@hcmussh.edu.vn (N.A.Q.) Abstract: The purpose of this article is to clarify the transformation of the state in the commodity economy, including the transformation from class domination to human management, which is the transition process from the division of labor to the regulation and distribution of society by monetary policy. To achieve this purpose, the content is approached from the methods of humanistic philosophy and social philosophy, and at the same time, uses qualitative, analytical, synthetic, and comparative methods, especially the inversion method, to clarify the transformation between the subject and the product in the means and purposes of the existence and development of the state. The results affirm that the state is a product established with a specific historical nature to serve human life. However, when each individual is a product, it carries the instinct of that state, depending on the state. Conclusion: First, the state is a product created by humans, established and produced to serve human life. Second, the state's primary function is to enforce justice, but it becomes the job of civil servants. Third, the function of the state in a commodity economy is to manage and regulate the commodity economic process according to the law and to direct and distribute it by money. Fourth, human rights are the basis for the existence and transformation of the state in a commodity economy. Keywords: Citizens, Civil servants, Law, Money, State, 1. Introduction The development of productive forces, the expansion of commodity exchange, and deep integration into the international economy have promoted the transformation of the state. This transformation reflects the state's continuous adaptation to the complex fluctuations of the market economy. The expansion of commodity exchange has led to increased socioeconomic problems, requiring the state to intervene promptly to stabilize the market and protect the community's interests. As technology develops, commodity production becomes more diverse and complex, requiring the state to make appropriate adjustments. The main changes include the transformation from a subsidized state model to a state that manages the economy according to a market mechanism, from a centralized bureaucratic model to a decentralized model, from an administrative state to a state governed by law. The state has gradually reduced its direct subsidy role, focusing on creating a favorable business environment while strengthening its role in regulating the market to ensure fair competition. The decentralization of power to localities has created conditions for them to be more proactive and flexible in solving local socioeconomic problems. The state has built a complete legal system, ensuring transparent, fair, and effective economic management. This transformation has many significant meanings. Firstly, it helps increase economic efficiency, meeting the increasing needs of society. Secondly, it helps the state operate more effectively, creating conditions for sustainable economic development. Thirdly, it helps the state solve social problems better, improving the quality of life of the people. Finally, it helps the state integrate deeply into the world economy. The transformation of the state into a commodity economy is https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3069-9836 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0376-5092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-2653 1871 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate an inevitable and continuous process. The state must constantly innovate, improve mechanisms and policies, and improve management capacity to adapt. 2. Research Status of the Topic The transformation of the role of the state in the commodity economy is a hot, multidimensional research topic that has attracted the wide attention of social scientists around the world. In the context of globalization and the market economy's muscular development, the state's role and function have undergone profound changes. Classical economists, typically Adam Smith, emphasized the free market's role and proposed minimizing state intervention in the economy. Meanwhile, neoclassical economists have supplemented the theories of market failure and emphasized the necessary role of the state in correcting these failures. With his macroeconomic theory, John Maynard Keynes argued that the state plays a vital role in stabilizing the economy, especially during recessions. The state's fiscal and monetary policies can stimulate demand and create jobs. The choice theory should focus on analyzing government decision-making and the factors that influence the effectiveness of public policies. New structural theorists emphasize the role of interest groups and organizations in shaping public policy. This theory focuses on studying management and decision-making processes in public organizations. The main research trends focus on the following core issues: the transition from a subsidized state to a managed state, the role of the state in the knowledge economy, the relationship between the state and the market, the impact of globalization on the role of the state, and finally the issue of social inequality. These studies aim to critically analyze the transition processes, assess their impact on economic and social performance, and identify emerging challenges and opportunities. More specifically, researchers are interested in determining the optimal role of the state in promoting technological innovation, developing high-quality human resources, and building a sustainable knowledge economy. In addition, they seek to create a reasonable balance between the state's regulatory role and the power of the market and analyze the factors that affect this balance. In the context of globalization, studies focus on analyzing this process's impact on the state's role and the challenges that countries face in adjusting policies to adapt to an increasingly interconnected economic environment. Finally, researchers are also interested in the state's role in reducing social inequality and finding effective policy solutions to achieve this goal. Studies have provided a large amount of information and knowledge on the process of state role transformation in the commodity economy, helping people better understand the mechanism and impact of this process on society. However, despite significant contributions, current studies still have some limitations. First, the diversity of research methodologies, theoretical perspectives, and research subjects makes it difficult to synthesize and compare results. Second, although there are many individual studies, there is still a lack of systematic reviews. Finally, most studies focus on developed countries, while studies on developing countries are relatively limited. Future research directions promise to bring more in-depth explorations. First, comparative studies between countries with different economies and political systems will help people identify the transition process's normative rules and unique characteristics. Second, more research is needed to assess the specific impact of different public policies on the transformation of the state and the economy. Third, the role of citizens in shaping policy and monitoring state performance needs to be further explored. Finally, the new challenges facing the state in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and climate change are a potential area of research. The transition of the state to a commodity economy is complex and ongoing. "The adaptability of capitalism to various political systems underscores its resilience and flexibility as an economic system" (Michael et al., 2024, p.12). While current research has provided important insights, many issues remain to be explored. Continued research will help people understand the state's role in modern society and develop appropriate policies to respond to new challenges. 1872 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 3. Research Methods The state's transition to a commodity economy can be approached from the philosophy of man and society. As a social subject, man is at the center of any study of the role and function of the state. Society, especially the commodity economy, provides a specific context for analyzing this transition. Studies often combine qualitative methods to identify and compare the state's and citizens' lives to clarify the complex relationship between the two during the transition. However, combining data analysis and peer comparison methods is necessary for a more comprehensive view. Another perspective focuses on citizens' active role in the state's construction and development. However, research also shows that this relationship can be reversed when the state becomes a dominant entity and separates from the masses, leading to deep social divisions, increasing the distance between people and making them dependent on the state. 4. Results and Discussion 4.1. The Relationship Between the State, Civil Servants and Citizens The process of social organization and the division of labor of the people leads to the formation of the state. Conflict is a factor that promotes the birth of the state, but it is not the only factor. The state regulates social relations, ensures public order, and distributes resources. The state uses various tools, such as law, executive agencies, and public policy, to carry out its functions. However, these tools' effectiveness depends on each country's historical, cultural, and political context. Therefore, “there is a need for the country to do more to ensure that its member states avoid political crises and civil wars in the future” (Bello et al., 2023, p.758). Social inequality is a complex problem that many countries face. The causes of inequality are diverse, including objective factors, such as the distribution of natural resources, and subjective factors, such as discriminatory policies. The state has a vital role in reducing inequality through policies such as income redistribution, investment in education and health, and protection of the rights of disadvantaged groups. “The crisis showed up the critical situation for other things such as health care, information and communications technology, education, and emergency services” (Athraa et al., 2024, p.4620). However, the state’s ability to address inequality depends on many factors, including its power structure, citizen participation, and pressure from interest groups. When the state fails to meet the needs of its citizens, this can lead to social unrest and loss of confidence in the regime. Are the rights to life, liberty, and happiness guaranteed to everyone, regardless of whether the state exists? The state was established to protect and guarantee these fundamental rights to all citizens. However, many people are still deprived of these rights. When the state no longer fulfills its responsibilities, the existence of the state becomes meaningless. The state is an instrument to serve the common interests of society, not an end in itself. However, in many cases, the state has become a tool for one group of people to exploit and oppress others. The clear distinction between the rulers and the ruled has created many injustices, especially in a market economy. Citizens are subjects of the state with equal rights and obligations before the law. However, many citizens are poorly treated, deprived of fundamental rights, and face inequality. The state is responsible for ensuring social justice and protecting all citizens' rights. When the state no longer ensures justice, society will fall into a state of instability. People's trust in the state will decrease, leading to struggles and conflicts. In a commodity economy, there must be a state of rule of law where power is clearly divided and closely monitored. Establishing a rule of law state is necessary to build a fair commodity economic process. In a rule-of-law state, state power is strictly bound by law, ensuring that all citizens enjoy freedom and equality before the law. The state is responsible for creating conditions for all citizens to develop comprehensively and fully exercise their rights. Justice is the foundation of a stable society. Citizens need the state to protect justice and resolve disputes fairly. Citizens will find it easier to protect their legitimate rights with the state. Therefore, the state's existence is a prerequisite for ensuring social justice. However, the state must enforce the law strictly and fairly to meet the people's need for justice. 1873 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Justice is expressed in the protection of each individual's legitimate rights and interests, including material assets and immaterial rights such as honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to protect what belongs to them. The relationship between the state and citizens is reciprocal, inseparable, but not identical. It would be incorrect to simplify this relationship by saying that "the state uses citizens" or vice versa. In the process of a commodity economy, each party needs to consider the relationship between subject and object and between means and ends. The state serves the common interests of the community, including citizens. Citizens have rights and obligations towards the state and vice versa. However, the state and citizens should not be considered separate entities before discussing the "ownership" between them. The relationship between civil servants and citizens is between those who perform state management functions and those who are managed. Each person must clearly distinguish these roles, powers, and responsibilities to ensure fairness and efficiency in state management. Each person needs a state of the law in which state power is limited and all citizens are equal before the law to build a sustainable market economy. Meanwhile, public assets include common community assets, such as natural resources and public services. The state is often assigned the responsibility of managing and protecting public assets. However, in practice, abuse of power and corruption can lead to embezzlement or ineffective management of public assets. The state must implement strict, transparent, and effective management measures to ensure public assets are used fairly and effectively. In particular, “education, training, high salaries, and the rich experiences of employees ensure high performance” (Renecynth et al. (2023), p.249). Managing public assets aims to protect the community's interests and contribute to society's sustainable development. When acting for the public interest, the state must always put the common interest first, ensure fair distribution, and meet all the needs of the people. The relationship between the state, citizens, and civil servants is complex, with many influencing factors. The state serves the interests the community expects, in which citizens are the subject. Civil servants are those assigned by the state to perform administrative tasks. However, dividing power and interests in the state apparatus can lead to injustice, corruption, and waste. When civil servants abuse their power and put personal interests above the common interests, it will damage the state's reputation and cause severe consequences for society. The difference in power and interests among civil servants can lead to unfair competition and internal conflicts, reduce work efficiency, affect the efficiency of the state apparatus, and create barriers to providing public services to the people. When civil servants and the people share the same goal of building and developing the country, they will cooperate closely and effectively. However, if there is discrimination and conflict of interests between these groups, society will become unstable. A clear distinction between managers and those who perform administrative work can lead to division and suspicion and reduce management efficiency. The relationship between the state and civil servants is very complex. It would be wrong to simplify it by saying that "civil servants own the state". It requires a balance between power and responsibility. The state empowers civil servants to carry out public duties. However, too much power in the hands of an individual or a group of people can lead to abuse of power, especially when there is no strict monitoring mechanism. The work assignment to civil servants creates a distinction between authority and responsibility, which is necessary to ensure adequate state management. However, this distinction can lead to inequality and corruption if not strictly controlled. The buying and selling public positions is a severe violation of the law and must be eliminated. Abuse of power and exploitation of positions for personal gain are hot issues today. This behavior undermines people's trust in the state apparatus and hinders the country's development. In a commodity economy, there must be a mechanism to control and monitor the activities of civil servants strictly. Civil servants are those who are assigned to implement state policies and decisions. They play an essential role in the operation of the state apparatus. However, the value of a job is not only based on the position but also the individual's contribution to society. The shortage of civil servants or the appearance of fake civil servants is a sign that the state's recruitment and personnel management system is facing severe problems. These problems affect the effectiveness of the state apparatus and reduce people's trust in the 1874 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate state. The state plays a vital role in managing and distributing social resources. However, if state power is not strictly controlled, it can be abused, leading to injustice and imbalance, making people passive and losing faith in the state. Building such a state is a long-term process, requiring continuous efforts from society. In a commodity economy, the state must build a transparent legal system, an effective administrative apparatus, and a culture of respect for the law. The state, with its power, can have a profound impact on all aspects of social life. However, this power is not absolute and is always subject to the influence of many factors, including economic forces, social organizations, and the people's will. Officials and civil servants representing the state are essential in implementing policies and laws, especially in public investment. The abuse of power by officials and civil servants can lead to severe consequences such as corruption, social injustice, and loss of public trust. The state must operate transparently and effectively and be accountable before the law. “It shows the connection between social work and participation behavior, as well as two mediating variables as environmental protection investment and corporate environmental responsibility” (Aref Alsehaimi, 2023, p.306). At the same time, citizens need to participate in the decision-making process and have the right to monitor the activities of state agencies. Close cooperation between the state and citizens is the key to building a fair, democratic, and prosperous society. 4.2. Laws and Money Are Tools of the State in Managing and Distributing Society Public investment in the state mainly focuses on creating jobs for people and effectively exploiting human resources. The state uses public resources to train and foster the capacity of civil servants to perform assigned tasks to improve state management's effectiveness and better serve the people. As representatives of the state, civil servants enforce laws and public policies. The state pays civil servants to maintain the operation of the state apparatus. In addition, citizens contribute to the country's development through productive labor. Their products not only meet personal needs but also contribute to shared prosperity. The relationship between the state and citizens is reciprocal. The state provides public services and infrastructure, creating conditions for people to develop. In return, citizens contribute to the state budget by paying taxes according to the law. Law is one of the practical social management tools used to manage labor, occupation, living standards, income, and taxes. The making of laws and the implementation of tax policies are considered public investments of the state. “However, in emerging economies representing rapidly developing nations, development is linked to a higher tax rate effect due to increasing financing needs and a positive growth effect” (Ahmet et al., 2023, p.409). State power originates from citizens' contributions and becomes public property. All state resources, from finance to land, originate from citizens' labor and creativity. State income, maintenance of the state apparatus, and ensuring the lives of civil servants all originate from products and services created by citizens. However, state power still exists and is expressed through public policies, especially salary policies for civil servants and tax policies for citizens. Monetary policy, including salary and tax, determines income distribution in society and the direction of economic development. Therefore, “some of the world's leading central banks had already taken a course to tighten monetary policy, which was a reaction to a sharp increase in inflation in many countries” (Hadir et al., 2024, p.1376). Monetary policy is an essential public investment tool and an economic regulation tool. The state regulates the commodity economy process through many solutions, of which the two most essential tools are law and monetary policy. These two tools play a role in balancing interests between countries and ensuring sustainable development. However, in a commodity economy, the function of law is gradually becoming personal, while the function of money is becoming increasingly popular. The exchange and sale of goods in daily life is essential, no longer subject to the law, but all transactions are carried out with monetary profits. Commercial and monetary fraud become illegal acts and must be strictly handled. Tax policy applies to all individuals and organizations with income. People with income from labor or business activities must pay taxes to the state. “It promotes the trustworthy methods employed by small-scale farmers and businesses to secure the sustainability of all, from the tea industry to the natural sources it is built on” (Wang et al., 2024, p.2773). 1875 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Public investment is a tool that the state uses to promote production, create jobs, and improve people's lives. The state must create a favorable business environment, provide high-quality public services, and support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The basic need of the people is to work to maintain their lives, and the state creates favorable conditions for people to find suitable jobs to meet this need. In addition, ensuring the supply of essential goods and services is also an important task of the state. When people's needs become increasingly diverse and complex, service industries such as education, health care, tourism, and entertainment will thrive. The development of service industries helps improve the quality of life and creates more jobs. The notion that people are forced to work in an unjust regime is too pessimistic if each person does not see that labor is free, voluntary, and the power of life. However, in reality, many workers still face forms of exploitation and injustice. Freedom of labor is a part of the employment business, creating income and profit and dividing society into involuntary, lazy workers, leading to inequality and social imbalance. However, labor is not only an obligation but also a fundamental human right, an opportunity for each individual to develop his or her capacity and contribute to the overall development of society. However, fairness in labor is a prerequisite for having a meaningful job. Fairness in labor requires equal opportunities, fair treatment before the law, and fair distribution of the fruits of labor. The state is responsible for building a transparent and fair legal system, ensuring that all citizens have the right to enjoy the labor regime. However, achieving complete equality in labor is a challenging and complex goal. Differences in individual abilities, circumstances, and living conditions are inevitable, requiring flexible and fair social policies. A fair and transparent exchange system is necessary for the efficient operation of a commodity economy. Money is the general medium of exchange and the measure of the value of goods and services. The state plays a vital role in ensuring equality in exchange by enacting laws to regulate exchange rules and protect consumer rights. Under state control, money has become the standard means of payment, helping simplify the exchange process and promote economic development. However, inequality still exists due to many causes, such as differences in talent, opportunity, and power. The state must proactively intervene in policies to reduce inequality and create a fairer society. In addition, raising public awareness of the importance of social justice is also an essential factor. “Rather, they are means of proof to reveal justice, and everything that leads to demonstrating justice is one of the methods of proof” (Abdul et al. (2024, p.210). The policy of building a legal system to protect workers, solve employment problems, and meet social needs is gradually becoming an essential public policy. However, when implementing public policies, if money is not well managed, it can easily lead to corruption and negativity, weaken people's trust in the state, and hinder the country's development. However, money is just a tool; it cannot buy everything, especially health, love, and true happiness. Money can change its form from a shell to electronic money, but its nature is still a medium of exchange. Money brings people hope and opportunities but has many potential risks if not managed effectively. As a medium of exchange, money strongly appeals to many people, including civil servants and citizens. Money promises to satisfy all needs, but at the same time, it can also lead to greed and dissatisfaction. In modern society, finance has become essential to a person's power, status, and self-esteem. Beliefs and suspicions often revolve around money, creating a complex social psychology. With its power, money profoundly impacts every aspect of human life. It can cover up flaws, enhance an individual's image, and even shape their social value in a commodity economy. Money cannot buy happiness, health, and love, but it profoundly impacts every aspect of life. Money acts as a medium of exchange, simplifying purchasing and selling goods and services. However, when people become too dependent on money, they risk losing themselves and being dominated by material desires. Obsession with money can cause people to lose themselves and become dependent on material things. The state's public policy uses money to regulate, distribute, promote, and orient social development and implement social security policies. Public policy cannot be separated from individuals with different circumstances regarding occupation, living standards, and contributions. Compliance with the law is not 1876 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate only the responsibility of citizens but also the responsibility of the state to protect the value of money and ensure the rights of citizens. Laws are enforced fairly and effectively to create a stable and developing living environment. However, the promulgation of too many laws sometimes causes unnecessary trouble. When laws become too detailed and complicated, they can restrict individual freedom and create problems in the enforcement process. It also leads to overlapping laws, making it difficult for people and businesses to comply. There must be a system of laws that are simple, clear, and easy to understand while ensuring fairness and justice. Law enforcement is an essential task of the state. Government agencies are responsible for ensuring that the law is respected and strictly enforced. However, abuse of power and arbitrary enforcement of laws can distort public policy. There must be flexibility and humanity in law enforcement. Money is an essential tool for managing the commodity economy, but it poses many new challenges to the state. When money is the value of life, it fully exploits its potential and resources for development. However, currency devaluation and inflation can reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy in regulating the economy. Issuing currency and adjusting monetary policy is one of the powers of the state. The development of digital currency and electronic payment systems has reduced the state's monopoly on issuing money. However, abusing this power can lead to inflation, economic instability, and increased social inequality. When issued by the state, money plays a vital role in regulating the economy and ensuring social stability. However, abuse of this power can cause serious consequences such as inflation, economic recession, and loss of public confidence. Besides money, law is also an essential tool of power. The law ensures social order, protects citizens' rights, and creates conditions for economic development. In addition, the law needs to be widely disseminated so that all citizens understand and comply. When the law is abused or not strictly enforced, it will undermine people's trust in the state and cause many social consequences. In a market economy, compliance with the law is the responsibility of every citizen. However, this compliance comes from coercion and a sense of responsibility of each individual towards the community. A society governed by law can only exist when each citizen is aware of his or her role in establishing and protecting the law. Many states concentrate power on the ownership and control of all resources. This power, reinforced by law and exercised by public agencies, can limit the development of the private sector and reduce the economy's efficiency. Too much power in the hands of the state can lead to problems such as corruption, inefficiency, and violations of civil liberties. Patriotism is valuable but should not be used to restrict citizens' freedom of thought and speech. Everyone has the right to choose a career and pursue happiness. The power struggle is inevitable in society but must occur within a legal and democratic framework. Building an authoritarian state that concentrates too much power in the hands of a few people can lead to injustice and imbalance. All citizens are equal before the law, and their rights are protected. It is entirely wrong to consider civil servants as a particular class with a higher power that needs to be eliminated. Civil servants are responsible for serving the people, not ruling the people. When the power of civil servants is too great, it can lead to abuse of power and corruption. 4.3. The State's Foreign Policy in Maintaining the Value of the Domestic Currency In essence, the state is an organization that concentrates power. The formation and development of the state are closely linked to the history of the struggle for freedom and happiness and are often accompanied by social inequality. Although the purpose of the state is to ensure order and justice, in practice, the concentration of power in the hands of the state often leads to the polarization of wealth and social inequality. Many believe that the abolition of the state will create a more accessible society where people have the right to self-determination and responsibility for their actions. One of the main reasons people want to abolish the state is to end the state's monopoly on power, especially in areas such as law and currency. In a modern market economy, money is essential in regulating economic activities. However, concentrating too much power in the hands of a small group that controls money can lead to deep inequality and increase the risk of market manipulation. 1877 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate On the other hand, laws are enacted to protect the rights of citizens, but sometimes, they become tools to protect the interests of a particular group of people. When trust is lost, laws become tools of coercion. Money can promote cooperation and exchange but also increase inequality and competition. “Social innovation efforts are primarily aimed at solving social problems by improving well-being (and prosperity) and living standards, and can therefore be measured in terms of sustainable value creation in terms of competitiveness” (Krisztina et al., 2023, p.356). In a market economy, those with more money tend to have more power and can influence the lives of others. The state and the law exist because of widespread injustice, while justice is a real need. However, justice in a commodity economy requires money from legitimate income. equality can only be achieved when people realize that differences are universal and similarities are unique. The state is unique compared to the law, but injustice in law and the state is universal. So far, no legal system has protected justice for all. What is fair to one person may not be fair to another; this is true of every state. The law of justice is the will of those who perform public duties; the state is where the law is created. The widespread injustice caused by law and the state has been recognized. The need to abolish law and the state is the same as the need to abolish injustice. The need to abolish injustice and lawlessness is becoming widespread; the abolition of the state is inevitable. In a market economy, when money becomes the measure of value for everything, some believe that laws become less critical. However, this is not true. When money becomes the goal, conflicts and disputes over property arise, and at this time, laws are still needed to resolve disputes and protect people's rights. Initially, management focused on individual development but increasingly tended to manage large-scale economic activities. Historically, wars have always caused great suffering and loss. Today, the form of war has changed. Instead of direct armed conflict between nations, each nation sees a war to control the monetary system. State power and money are closely related and mutually supportive. Money can influence the structure and operation of different nations; it contributes to national security. “This understanding of the complex of the specified subjects is primarily based on the modern understanding of national security and its provision” (Roman et al., 2024, p.1387). The state's monopoly on issuing currency is short-lived and mainly provides jobs for civil servants, like other professions in a market economy. Civil service is no longer a privilege but a job that workers must strive to achieve. If civil servants' salaries cannot compete with other professions, it is understandable that workers will switch to service sectors with more attractive salaries. Civil service is no longer the dream or ideal of many people. Eliminating the situation of civil servants failing to fulfill their responsibilities is a regular task of the state. Social indifference makes this situation familiar, causing many consequences for the state apparatus. If citizens do not need money, money will become meaningless; the state will lose its reason for existence to issue money. The value of citizens' products acts as a counterweight to money. Money is the driving force of many people and facilitates the exchange of goods and services. However, those who do not participate in the money cycle, such as subsistence communities, can only produce and exchange goods and services with money. Money is the driving force for many people and the source of many conflicts in a market economy. “However, adaptability and responsiveness to changing market dynamics remain crucial for continued success as these micro-actors chart a course toward a brighter economic future” (Yolla et al., 2023, p.496). It exposes both the good and the wrong sides of human nature. The development of human history is closely linked to the emergence and development of money. Money is a powerful tool that can shape society, but at the same time, it is also governed by human decisions and actions. The ability to create and manage wealth has become an essential measure of personal value in modern society. As a common medium of exchange, money has become a standard measure of personal resources and economic efficiency. People earn money through economic activities. The value of accumulated money can change over time due to many factors, such as market supply and demand, price fluctuations, and government monetary policy. The government's monopoly on issuing money directly affects the distribution of wealth in the economy. Monetary policy, including taxation and government spending, is essential to distribute income among population groups. 1878 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate If the budget is insufficient, the state can issue more money to ensure the regular operation of the economy. However, issuing too much money can cause inflation and economic imbalance. The state collects taxes from the people to ensure the operation of the state apparatus and provide public services. However, this source of revenue needs to increase, forcing the state to find more capital by issuing more money, which can easily lead to inflation and currency devaluation, causing difficulties for the people, especially those with low incomes. The state needs an effective monetary policy to attract people's income. One of the essential functions of the state is to redistribute resources. The state can use tools such as adjusting interest rates and buying and selling government bonds to influence the supply and demand of money, thereby stabilizing the economy and reducing inequality. “The government will perform better as this desire grows, particularly in serving the community's needs” (Muhammad Noor, 2023, p.562). However, using these tools requires great caution. If the money supply is too large, inflation will increase, devaluing the currency and increasing asset prices. Conversely, the economy can fall into recession if the money supply is too tight. Uncontrolled high inflation can create a vicious cycle: As prices rise, people seek to protect their wealth by switching to tangible assets such as real estate and gold, causing the prices of these assets to rise even higher. Finding a balance between controlling inflation and promoting economic growth is a significant challenge for policymakers. In a commodity economy, the state holds and manages all resources, and the amount of money issued directly affects the value of these resources. The value of money directly reflects the economic power of the state. When money's value falls, the state's power is also affected. The government can adjust luxury and essential goods taxes to overcome inflation and devaluation. However, inflation will continue to increase if timely and effective measures are not taken. It will cause many serious consequences, including reduced work efficiency, increased corruption, and threats to government stability. When the currency depreciates, people's confidence in the government and the economy will plummet, leading to social unrest. Currency plays a vital role in maintaining the stability and development of the economy. Therefore, "these are considered beneficial, especially in addressing difficulties faced by residents, such as during disasters or situations requiring community support" (Imam et al., 2024, p.334). Economic activity stagnates when the value of money is lost, making it difficult to exchange goods and services. Inequality in the distribution of wealth is often hidden by money, increasing the gap between rich and poor, creating injustice and discontent in society. When people are fully aware of the injustice caused by money, they will lose faith in the current economic system and demand fundamental changes, especially in the banking system favored by a segment of customers. "A segment of customers prefers a specific savings account. Banks could target this segment through marketing campaigns and boost the product's user base" (Ting et al., 2023, p.623). Inflation, one of the leading causes of currency devaluation, reduces the value of people's assets and increases economic and social instability. Those with more money can protect their assets, while those with lower incomes are most severely affected. Devaluation makes people realize that a person's value lies not in the amount of money they own but in their contributions to society. In an ideal society, everyone's basic material needs are met, and people can spend more time on self-development, creativity, and social relationships. However, in reality, many countries are still in an arms race, and the wealth accumulation, despite the hardships in people's lives, shows that the current economic system is still inadequate and needs fundamental changes to ensure fairness and sustainability. In the context of increasingly deep international exchange and integration, every aspect of life in the commodity economy can be traded, bought, and sold. Currency, a specific commodity the state issues, plays a central role in economic activities. The purchase, exchange, and trading of currency not only meets consumers' needs but is also an essential channel for making profits. Initially, the value of a currency was often guaranteed by the strength of the issuing country. However, today, a strong currency is also determined by the popularity and trust of people worldwide. For example, the US dollar (USD) has become an international reserve currency widely used in international transactions. USD's popularity is based not only on the economic strength of the United States but also on people's psychological needs. Although they may disagree with US policies, many 1879 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate people still believe in the stability of the USD and use it to preserve the value of their assets. Storing USD or investing in USD-related assets has become a common trend in the commodity economy. In the commodity economic policy of the state, currency has become the state's foreign policy in protecting the value of the domestic currency. The hoarding, speculation, and trading of USD by many countries worldwide has increased the demand for USD, which may lead to a shortage and push up the value of this currency. Meanwhile, the United States, which issues USD, can exploit this situation to strengthen its economic position. Countries investing and trading in USD have become popular in international relations. However, excessive speculation in USD can cause undesirable consequences such as inflation and instability in the commodity economy. As countries continue to buy USD, the supply and demand in the foreign exchange market will be unbalanced, pushing the USD price up and causing inflation in countries with weaker economies and high dependence on USD. Economic inequality between countries can increase as some countries accumulate large amounts of USD and monopolize USD issuance. On the contrary, other countries need more foreign currency, which can lead to over-dependence on the USD and reduce the autonomy of commodity economic processes. Many countries have sought to diversify risks by reducing dependence on the USD and increasing the use of other currencies to solve this problem. However, replacing the USD with another currency is a challenging solution because the USD has become an international reserve currency and is widely used in international transactions. When money dominates, social work has a monetary instinct. Professions and positions, especially those with state instincts, are being replaced by machines, robots, and AI, making civil servants no longer a profession, an "elite" force dominating society. Eliminating fake civil servants or replacing species instincts will cause new state models to appear or disappear. 5. Results Through the above discussion, I can draw some conclusions as follows: First, the state is a product created by humans, established and produced to serve human life. It is produced according to the law of value, supply and demand, and competition in the general production of goods. The state is the object of survival, maintaining the race of a sovereign nation. The state's existence in any form can become the division of functions and tasks between civil servants and citizens. Second, the state's main function is to enforce justice, but it becomes the work of civil servants. Civil servants and citizens have different statuses, living standards, and incomes, so there is discrimination between them. The existence of the state discriminates between people in the commodity economy; the interests of civil servants and citizens are different. Civil servants have a good standard of living and high incomes, and fake civil servant recruitment enterprises appear. Third, the state exists because all products are produced. One function of the state is to manage and regulate the commodity economic process according to law and direct and distribute it with money. Monetary policy becomes the state's economic policy. Competition between countries becomes a monetary competition. Monetary competition becomes the state's foreign policy in the commodity economy. Fourth, human rights are the basis for the existence and transformation of the state in the commodity economy. Civil servants' lives differ from that of humans in terms of state reform. The life of civil servants carries out the survival mission of the state, that is, the rights of civil servants. Survival is the human right to carry out the mission of maintaining the species. Reclaiming human rights is humanity's mission. Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1880 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 1870-1881, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2353 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate References [1] Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (2000). Complete Volume, Volume 42, National political publisher, Hanoi [2] Matthew, Mark, Luke, John. (2012). New Testament Bible, Religion Publishing House, Hanoi. [3] Nguyen Anh Quoc (2024). Human Philosophy – Human Division and Possession. 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