Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6, 2920-2930 2024 Publisher: Learning Gate DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate * Correspondence: Rina_nurazizah@unira.ac.id The relationship government, community, companions and economic empowerment of coastal women in Sampang Regency – Indonesia Rina Nur Azizah1*, Soesilo Zauhar2, Endah Setyowati3, Wike4, Heru Wahyudi5 1Administrative Science Doctoral Postgraduate, Faculty of Administrative Sciences. Brawijaya University; Rina_nurazizah@unira.ac.id (R.N.A.). 2,3,4Faculty of Administrative Sciences. Brawijaya University. 5Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Lampung, Indonesia. Abstract: The purpose of the research to study the role of stakeholders in empowerment economy Woman the coast in Sampang Regency Indonesia. Stakeholder involvement in empowerment programs economy Woman Coast is a very important role in the success of the program. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive research type. The location used in this study is in the coastal area of Sampang Regency. Data collection techniques are carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. While the data analysis technique uses a model Creswell. The results of the study state from the three stakeholders are government, community and companions Still not optimal. This is seen from the role of government in empowering coastal women's economy, both in organizing and implementing programs, has been quite good, but women's response Coast as program targets are still less. Besides less response is also very lacking in program sustainability so that the program that has been implemented not enough give optimal results. In addition, the activities of the assistants are only limited to the implementation of program activities. The role of assistants in understanding the success of empowerment programs and creating new entrepreneurs is still lacking. Keywords: Economy woman coast, Sampang regency, Stakeholders, Women empowerment. 1. Introduction The low participation Woman in education also has an impact on low participation Woman in economy. In improving participation Woman in activity economy family, things This affected by changes view that attitude public to importance education for women and men. Involvement Woman in economy family can seen from informal sector. (Josephine in (Gusti and Purnamawati n.d.)) Government moment This middle make an effort realize welfare family and society through empowerment women. Efforts made government for realize objective the is with committed full to gender equality, creating equal conditions for women and men in to obtain opportunities and rights, so that can play a role and participate in activity education economic, political, social, economic, cultural, defense and security. The impact is the decline quality life Woman ((Prantiasih. A), n.d. 2014)) According to (Cornwall 2014) empowerment is a mark for control ideology and sources Power in determine condition / state in his power in the area local. Many development programs aim to For reduce number poverty and increase source Power human, empowerment Woman is one of the programs used in reduce number poverty. According to Hubies (2010 (Buddhi Satyarini and Wulandari n.d.)) it explains that empowerment Woman is effort improvement position and role Woman in development national as well as quality role and independence organization women. Empowerment Woman understood as a development process 2921 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate awareness critical for women capable develop optimally and capable plan, take initiative, organizing yourself, and be responsible answer to self Alone as well as its environment. In general theoretical, empowerment become part important in New Public Management (Rosenbloom and Kravchuk 2004)vision and is principle second from ten Reinventing Government (Osborne and Gaebler 1992). Principles namely Community Owned Government: Empowering Rather Than Serving. In addition, empowerment is also part important study (Osborne & Plastrik 1997) in his book entitled Banishing Bureaucracy. King & Stivers (1998) as quoted by(Robert B. Denhardt and Janet V. Denhardt 2000) press should administration public focus his responsibility No only serve citizen just but also must empowering public when they manage organization public and implement policy public. This theory produce development dimensions knowledge with various the concepts and contexts of its thinkers like empowerment in dimensions management proposed by (Heinz Weihrich and Harold Koonts 2005) namely: Employees at all levels in the organization are given the power to make decisions without asking their superiors for permission”. Definition empowerment in dimensions social put forward by(Robinson 1994) mention that, "Empowerment is a personal and social process, a liberating sense of one's own strengths, competence, creativity and feedom of action; to be empowered is to feel power surging into one from other people and from within, specifically the power to act and grow, to become, in Paolo Freife's terms, “more fully human” Madura is area the coast of East Java province which is an archipelago with 67 islands. Island Looking at is island small located in Sampang Regency. In general Administratively, Madura Island is divided into into 4 districts, namely Regency Bangkalan, Sampang Regency, Regency Pamekasan and Regency Sumenep. As area left behind, Sampang Regency has various problems, especially in the sector economy. Women in Sampang Regency have very strategic role and potential in support the disaster management program poverty because of the empowerment program women in the sector economy need maximized. According to (Batliwala 2024) to put forward that empowerment is a mark for to obtain control in ideology and resources in determine condition / state in its power in the local area. Many development programs are aimed at for reduce number poverty and increase source Power human, empowerment Woman is one of the programs used in reduce number poverty in rural areas. Problem poverty in Sampang Regency is a condition that should quick handled. Group Woman Coast This need better handling and service Good for empowerment programs. Therefore that, the government implementing empowerment programs society that aims for increase knowledge and skills public in field entrepreneurship. But the empowerment program Woman the coast in Sampang Regency has not yet felt benefits to the community Coast Sampang Regency. Some constraint in this program that is source Power human resources (HR), budget and time implementation, limitations program planning so that the empowerment program Woman Coast This No continues in the community. Involvement agencies and stakeholders interest related very important in implementation of the program to achieve success objective. In the research previously conducted in (Sabilil Izzah n.d.) 2016 explained that in the research This use empowerment process theory in description and results of the empowerment process has 5 stages. The results of the study This show that in a way the entire process of empowering footwear SMEs in 5 stages has implemented. While results the role of stakeholders in the empowerment process show that stakeholders are sufficient active and has operate his role as written in memorandum of understanding (MoU) document. The problem empirically put forward by (Paul Mosley and Linda Mayoux 1999) that service finance sustainable micro just can cause empowerment economy individual Woman through stimulation micro – development efforts, which lead to increased opinion under control women. The assumption that service finance micro can empowering Woman with method they they get income in the form of money cash through various type activity businessman. 2922 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate From the results observation field show that empowerment program activities economy Woman the coast in Sampang Regency has not yet maximum because of lack of stakeholder involvement. From the description on so objective study This is for to study the role of stakeholders in empowerment economy Woman the coast in Sampang Regency, where stakeholder involvement in empowerment programs economy Woman Coast hold a very important role in program success. 2. Theoretical review 2.1. Empowerment According to (M. Oos Anwas 2014) the explanation empowerment is Empowerment is a process for give power to weak parties (powerless) and reduce power (disempowered) to the party that is too in power (powerful) so that happen balance. According to (Parson 2019), empowerment press that people get sufficient skills, knowledge and power for influence his life and the lives of others become attention. In the 1980s and 1990s the development of thinking about empowerment with various flow experience progress rapid among other things, thoughts: (Julian Rappaport 1987), (Willian D. McArdle, Frank I. Katch, and Victor L. Katch 1989), (John W. Clark 1991), (Gary Craig and Marjorie Mayo 1995), (Pranaka and Vidyandika 1996), (Payne 1997), (Shardlow 1998)and experts others. Until 2002, the World Bank published book guidelines empowerment (Sourcebook) written by Narayan (2002) entitled "Empowerment and Poverty Reduction", which details empowerment specifically poverty is key for success policy development. Currently empowerment has become ringing words for service reform public in the west, especially English. The term empowerment according to (Deepa Narayan 2002) have different meanings in context social different cultures and politics, and not easy transit it to in all language. A study term local unified with empowerment the whole world always put forward in the discussion about life. Still according to (Deepa Narayan 2002) empowerment is mark intrinsic, empowerment also has instrumental value. Empowerment is related at the level individual and collective, and can become economic, social and political. 2.2. Women Empowerment Empowerment Woman is an important strategy in increase role Woman in increase its potential to be more independent and creative. Awareness will role Woman through development realized in women's program approach in development. This is based on a thinking about the need independence for women, so that development can felt by all party. Because women is source Power a very valuable human being so that his position including in development. According to (Nugroho 2008) There are several programs that can be offered for women's empowerment, namely: 1. Strengthening women's group organizations at all levels from village to national. 2. Enhancing the function and role of women's organizations in social marketing of empowerment programs. 3. Involvement of women's groups in planning, implementing and monitoring all existing development programs. 2.3. Pengarus Utamaan Gender (PUG) Pengarus Utamaan Gender (PUG) is a strategy for reach gender equality and justice (GEM) through policies and programs that pay attention to experiences, aspirations, needs and problems women and men to in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation from all over policies and programs in various field life and development. Organizing Pengarus Utamaan Gender includes Good fulfillment need both gender and practice fulfillment need gender strategic. Needs gender practice is needs term short and relevant with repair condition women and/ or man use operate roles each other's social, such as repair level life, 2923 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate improvement service health, provision field work, provision of clean water, and eradication blind script. Needs gender strategic is need women and/ or related men with change pattern gender relations and improvement position women and/ or men, like changes in pattern distribution role, division work, power and control to resources. Fulfillment need strategic This nature term long, like change right law, deletion violence and discrimination in various field life, equation wages for type the same job, and so on. 2.4. Stakeholder Role According to (A. S. Hornby 1995) explain that stakeholders are interpreted as individuals, organizations, and the like who have role in business industry. While in the implementation of development it is explained that stakeholders are used to represent the understanding of the community or organization that permanently receives the impact of an activity or policy, where they are interested in the results of the activity or policy. According to (Race. D and J. Millar 2006) explains that stakeholders are used to represent the understanding of the community or organization that permanently receives the impact of an activity or policy, where they are interested in the results of the activity or policy. Ramizes in his book Cultivating Peace, identifies various opinions about stakeholders. Friedman defines stakeholders as: “any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization's objectives. (R.E. Freeman 1984). According to (Busyra Azheri 2012) stakeholders are people with interests or concerns about certain problems in terms of the important position and influence they have. From this definition, stakeholders can be interpreted as attachments based on certain interests. Based on stakeholder theory, stakeholders are a system that is explicitly based on the view of an organization and its environment, regarding the complex and dynamic nature of the mutual influence between the two. Stakeholders and organizations influence each other, this can be seen from the social relationship between the two in the form of responsibility and accountability. Therefore, the organization has accountability to its stakeholders. Therefore, the organization has accountability to its stakeholders. (Marzully Nur 2021). 2.5. Coastal Women's Economic Empowerment The position of fisherwomen in this context is very important in strengthening the resilience and integrity of the household. Household shocks are often influenced by the fragility of the family economy. Therefore, it (Prijono and Pranaka 1996)is said that the household is the main target in empowerment which is basically a proactive and productive unit. Likewise, the classical view of (J 1981)which states that the household has 3 (three) main strengths, namely: social, political and psychological. Social power is related to access to the basics of production, for example: information, knowledge and skills, participation in organizations, and financial resources. If the household economy improves, then their ability to determine their goals also increases.(Hatu 2017) According to Soesilowati in (Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad Alu Abdul Latif 1999), there are several strategies that can be done to empower coastal communities. Based on this concept, the empowerment process generally includes the following activities: formulating partnership relations, articulating challenges and identifying existing strengths, defining directions and establishing, exploring resource systems, analyzing resource capabilities, developing problem-solving frames, optimizing resource utilization and expanding opportunities, recognizing findings, and integrating progress that has been achieved.(Mulekom and Leo Van 1999) The personality that is built is nothing other than a different identity from before, which has self- confidence, creative ability, and the ability to face the world with 3Ps, namely poise, purpose and pride.(Pomeroy n.d.) 2924 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 3. Research Methodology This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive research type. In the qualitative method, according to (Prof. Dr. Sugiyono 2016)that qualitative research is concerned with non-numerical data, collecting and analyzing data that is nafatif. The location used in this study is in the coastal area of Sampang Regency. Data collection techniques are carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. While the data analysis technique uses a model (Creswell 2015)consisting of six steps of the data analysis process as follows: 1. Step 1. Processing and preparing data for analyzed. This step involving transcription interview, scanning materials typing field data, sorting and arranging the data into the types different depends on the source information. 2. Step 2. Reading entire data. First step is build general sense above information obtained and reflected the meaning in a way overall. 3. Step 3. Start coding all data. Coding is the process of organizing data by gather pieces (Or part text or part image) and write category in boundaries (Rossman, Gretchen. B, and Sharon F. Rallis 2012)This step involving data retrieval or writing the image that has been collected during the collection process, segmenting sentence (or paragraph) or picture the in category, then labeling category This with term specific, which is often based on actual terms / language originate from participants (Called term in vivo). 4. Step 4. Apply the coding process to describe setting (domain), people (participants), categories, and themes analyzed. Description This involving business delivery information in detail about people, locations or incident in a certain setting (domain). Researchers can make codes for to describe all information this, then analyze it for project studies case, etmography or study narrative. 5. Step 5. Show How descriptions and themes This will served return in narrative / report qualitative. The most popular approach is with convey approach narrative in convey results analysis. Approach This Can covering discussion about chronology events, themes certain (Complete) with a number of sub theme, illustration special, perspective and quotation), or about connectedness between theme. 6. Step 6. The final step in data analysis is making interpretation in study qualitative (interpretation qualitative research) or interpreting data. Submitting questions that will be help researcher to reveal essence from a idea. (Lincoln and Guba 1985)This lesson can in the form of interpretation personal research, with based on reality that researcher bring culture, history and experience his personal to in study. 4. Research Result From the results research in Sampang Regency resulted in that one of the programs carried out by the government is training processed results sea. The role of government as program organizers and stakeholder roles have been Enough good. But what becomes constraint in this program Still not enough existence motivation Woman Coast For develop his skills so that results the sea that was obtained Can for sale with mark price sell more high. Coastal women only involved in training just However after training finished majority in some the sub-districts where the program is held No There is sustainability. Empowerment economy Woman own strong influence in development economy Because empowered women will become agent strong change, improvement quality life, and reduction gender gap. When women empowered, we will see change significant positive in society. First, empowered women will become agent strong change in public. The role of stakeholders in the implementation of the coastal women's economic empowerment program is the key to the success of the empowerment program. These stakeholders are the Regional Government, Facilitators and the Community. The three stakeholders work together for a program, namely economic empowerment with the aim that coastal women can improve their welfare and live 2925 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate independently. To realize this welfare and independence, the three stakeholders must have a cooperative relationship within the framework of their respective authorities. To realize an independent and prosperous coastal community, a program based on coastal communities is needed. Coastal community-based programs are programs that are needed by coastal communities that are planned together through community participation and the community also plays a role in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the program. The importance of the role of the community in this empowerment is based on the assumption that the community has problems and they are the ones who can provide solutions and participate in solving these problems. However, it is not necessarily the community that plays a role but there are other parties who play a role in empowerment, namely the Government and Companions. For more details, the role of stakeholders in the Economic Empowerment of Coastal Women in Sampang Regency can be described in the research results below: 4.1. Role of Government The role of government in economic empowerment is important because it is program organizers. The results of the observation found that the Program Organizers and the government did not conducting monitoring and evaluation after the program is completed, but after the program is implemented, most of them do not follow up from the community itself. Only a few coastal women have implemented the empowerment results. Referring to the results of the study, it is known that the community response, especially coastal women as the target of the program are still lacking. In addition to being less responsive, the sustainability of the program is also very lacking so that the programs that have been implemented have less than optimal results. 4.2. Role of Society Coastal women's economic empowerment is an empowerment program that is expected to improve the economy of coastal communities. To create an empowered community, community participation is needed, where they are the objects of empowerment. The community here means coastal women who are powerless. The role of women in empowerment Woman Coast Still less. Less society responsive towards empowerment programs economy organized by the government area so that in processing results production and marketing product, knowledge they still minimal. The results of field observations found that the role of coastal women needs to be maximized but the community is less responsive in implementing this program. thus it can be concluded that the role of coastal women in economic empowerment programs is still less responsive, this is inseparable from the habits of coastal women in meeting their needs, limited knowledge, awareness and work of the community and the environment. society. Women as the most important actors must be proactive, but not as expected. 4.3. Role of Companion The most important stakeholder in the coastal women's economic empowerment program is the facilitator. The Social Service, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection of Sampang Regency, in addition to being the organizer and implementer of the program, also collaborates with the Sampang Regency Job Training Center (BLK) as a stakeholder. In the economic empowerment of coastal women, the role of stakeholders is also very important. Stakeholders as program implementers play a role in this empowerment process as facilitators and motivators in the implementation of the program. Based on the interview results above, in accordance with the researcher's observations, BLK is a stakeholder that plays a role as a program implementer that provides training for women and PEKA (Female Heads of Villages). Family). In accordance with the observation results that stakeholders act as program implementers who provide training for coastal women and PEKA which aims to develop 2926 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate coastal women's skills, but the motivation and response of coastal women themselves are still lacking so that the program is said to be less successful as expected by the government. The following data was obtained from BLK in the 2022 Coastal Women's Economic Empowerment program. Table 1. Coastal women's economic empowerment program data. No Name Address Program type 1. Be kind Sampang regency Fish dishes 2. Halimatus.S Sampang regency Fish dishes 3. The light of faith Subdistrict the prosperity Fish dishes 4. The great Regency banyuates Fish dishes Source: Training Center Job 2022. Table 2. PEKA program data in training frozen production. No Name Address 1. Siti Alfiah Aziz Subdistrict the prosperity 2. Nidayatul.Z District camplong 3. Roudhohtul H Regency banyuates 4. Nur Hasanah District sokobanah 5. Aunty Ketapang regency 6. Enjoyment Island looking at 7. Siti Mahmudah Sampang regency Source: 2022 job training center. Based on the results of the interviews and documentation above, it can be seen that the role of the coastal women's economic empowerment assistant has been implemented well, but the community response is less supportive of the success of this program as expected. This can be seen from the failure of the program with a small number of participants, even each program has less than 10 participants. The role of the assistant is as a program facilitator, namely helping coastal women understand their potential, motivating them, and providing an understanding of how to improve their skills, especially in the economic field. They also support women's groups in recognizing opportunities economy that can be developed. Based on analysis results study can obtained the process realization table between to 3 stakeholders as following: 2927 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 1. 5. Discussion The role of stakeholders in empowerment very big economy its influence to success an empowerment program. In addition to the role public in empowerment there are other stakeholders who have role important that is government. The Central Government and The Regional Government has respective duties and authorities in a program. Government as program organizers have objective for to prosper public coast. 5.1. Role of Government Lack of government in conduct monitoring and evaluation in the empowerment program economy Woman the coast in Sampang Regency as well as occurred in Garut Regency as put forward study previous (Sahyana n.d.) that Sukamulya Village Government Subdistrict Pakenjeng, Garut Regency has operate duties and functions with okay, will but after the program is running No There is act continued monitoring and evaluation from Village Government so that No There is sustainability of empowerment programs the. In order to organization empowerment economy Local Government can do role as stated by Supriatna (2000) in (Slamet Sugiri 2012) things to do played by the Government in context empowerment economy is (a) helpful public provide empowerment programs, (b) help public facilitate activity economy community ( provision of means economy ) and (c) help improvement income public through encouragement access and assistance capitalization. The role of the state in prosper the community includes 3 things namely (1) handling view social and its impact especially is at in realm public, (2) problem social issues faced its citizens who are under fulfillment need base through guarantee social and (3) protect public from market grip and dominance.(Soetomo 2013) According to (Kartasasmita n.d.) six role the government must done in empowerment that is; 1. Bureaucracy must understand aspiration people and must sensitive to problems faced by society 2. Bureaucracy must build participation public. 3. Bureaucracy must prepare public with better, good in a way knowledge and also method his work, so that empowerment public can effective. 4. Bureaucracy must open a dialogue with society. Openness constitution. 5. Bureaucracy must open track information and access needed by the community that does not can obtained Alone. 2928 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 6. Bureaucracy must create regulatory and regulatory instruments market mechanism that favors group weak society. 5.2. Role of Society Society as the most important actor should more proactive and have high level of knowledge and awareness to achieve the goal can achieved, but No as expected. Without support awareness and knowledge public in empowerment only produce empowerment and empowerment program stories only as a mere slogan. Empowerment as a process not only push public for more play a role but How find solution helplessness public or low role, awareness and knowledge public. The role of women Coast in the empowerment program economy is participate However in the process of participation That Alone Woman Coast can Study from every empowerment process, so that with empowerment can add outlook or knowledge society. According to (Soetomo 2013) that failure of empowerment program during This due to Because approach and procedures used use orientation project and not on the learning process. Development source Power man through the learning process according to (Sulistiyo 2019) can done with a number of stages, first; awareness and formation behavior going to behavior aware and caring so that feel need improvement capacity self, second; transformation ability in the form of outlook knowledge, skills and abilities to be revealed insight and provide skills base so that can take role in development, third; improvement ability intellectual, ability skills so that formed initiative and ability innovative For deliver independence. Third aspect improvement source Power the humans above are very necessary so that can to form ability or empowerment public. According to (Ife 1995) in frame grow awareness society also needs an awareness process, first; building connection dialogic. A worker empowerment must capable builder connection dialogic with public with No consider himself more know condition public That Alone. 5.3. Role of Companion In general normative role companion in empowerment economy among others can formulated through Independence Education with play a role as the following (1) as facilitator and catalyst, namely through the role of the mentor who lives in the middle group accompany the development process group society, looking for solution and join determine alternative solution; (2) trainer and educate, find and channel information and experience from outside to in group through various method Study teach; (3) cultivating capital, among other things push efforts savings, saving and effort productive and (4) as organizer stimulant projects in increase independence groups self-reliance, such as project technology appropriate use, project production and marketing and others. Ismawan (1983) in (Prijono and Pranaka 1996) Companion role is as program organizer. thing This such as empowerment programs economy Woman Coast that which is carried out activity mentoring and program management is BLK. For overcome various problem empowerment, is needed role companion as monitoring and evaluation of the program. Monitoring and evaluation of the program is very important done use know various program issues. As companion must maximize the role of monitoring and evaluation including role as the program maintainer must maximized. 6. Conclusion From the results the research above can concluded that the role of government in empowering coastal women's economy in the program, both in organizing and implementing the program has been quite good, but the response of the community, especially coastal women as the target of the program, is still lacking. In addition to being less responsive, the sustainability of the program is also still very lacking so that the programs that have been implemented have less than optimal results. The results of observations in the field found that the community was less responsive in implementing this program. This means that the role of the local government and assistants is only as a supporter of assistance. 2929 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 2920-2930, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2632 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Women as the most important actors must be proactive, but not as expected. Companion role in empowering coastal women's economy in Sampang Regency has not been optimal, this can be seen from the low role of companions as facilitators and trainers. In addition, companion activities are limited to implementing program activities. The role of companions in understanding the success of empowerment programs and creating new entrepreneurs is still lacking. Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). References [1] AS Hornby. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary of Current English. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. [2] Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad Alu Abdul Latif. 1999. Tawhid Lessons: For Advanced Level. edited by Ainul Haris Umar Arifin Thayib. Jakarta: Darul Haq. [3] Batliwala, Srilatha. 2024. “Taking the Power out of Empowerment – an Experiential Account.” Pp. 33–40 in Rethinking Gender in Development Practice. Routledge. 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