Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6, 3022-3038 2024 Publisher: Learning Gate DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate * Correspondence: a.nabiev@mail.ru Study of the drive mechanism of the working bodies of a roller machine Auezhan T. Amanov1, Gayrat A. Bahadirov2, Ayder M. Nabiev3*, Gerasim N. Tsoy4, Asrorbek A. Abdullajanov5 1Faculty of engineering and natural sciences, Tampere University, Finland; auezhan.amanov@tuni.fi (A.T.A.) 2,3,4Institute of Mechanics and Seismic Stability of Structures named after M.T. Urazbaev of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan; instmech@rambler.ru (G.A.B.) a.nabiev@mail.ru (A.M.N.) tsoygeran@mail.ru (G.N.T.) 5Namangan Engineering Construction Institute, Uzbekistan; asrorabdullajanov@gmail.com (A.A.A.) Abstract: A design of a roller machine with an improved drive mechanism of working bodies is developed in the article. The roller machine has expanded functionality when performing technological operations of dehydrating moisture-saturated fiber materials. The developed mechanism ensures stable and reliable operation of the drive of working bodies, regardless of the unevenness and variations in the parameters of the processed moisture-saturated fibrous materials, achieving synchronicity of the working body operation. The study aims to expand the functionality of the roller machine, ensure stable and reliable operation of working roller drives regardless of the unevenness and changes in the parameters of the processed moisture-saturated fibrous materials, and ensure synchronicity of the working rollers. Keywords: Drive mechanism, Fibrous material, Mechanism structure, Roller machine, Working bodies, Working body clearance. 1. Introduction We consider the current trends, innovations, and methods in the design and modeling of drive systems used in engineering, in various machines and production. The creation of new designs and the improvement of existing designs of technological machines that meet modern requirements of high efficiency, environmental safety, accuracy, reliability, and economy are based on innovative achievements of fundamental and applied sciences [1]. Today, numerous publications are devoted to developing and studying promising roller devices that ensure high-quality processing of fibrous materials [2–7]. In [8], the parameters of the lever device were studied and a model describing the force load exerted on the elements of the lever device of mining transportation facilities was developed. The authors of [9] developed a new method for synthesizing planetary mechanisms with one and several degrees of freedom. This method of synthesizing mechanisms is effective for designing automatic transmission mechanisms. In [10], a new model of the gear system was developed that accounts for the gears’ engagement and their reactions to torsion. The friction characteristics between gear wheels are investigated. The study in [11] is devoted to developing a new compact drive with adjustable stiffness. The transmission accuracy of this drive is based on a planetary gear transmission with a rocker connection. A prototype drive was built and its performance and the developed algorithm for stiffness identification were experimentally validated. In [11], a new type of drive was developed that increases the energy efficiency of a technical system due to the variability of torque and compensation for gravity. This drive will be effective when used in the design of robotic systems. The authors of [12] solved the problem of the permissible position of the working element of serial mechanisms with low mobility using the inverse kinematic modeling method. 3023 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate In [13], the balancing of the gear mechanism of the cardan drive was considered and investigated. It was theoretically determined that the mechanism could be balanced using springs. Robot manipulators were experimentally tested on the prototype of the developed balancer with one degree of freedom. Reference [14] is devoted to gear contacts considering their transmission efficiency. For this purpose, a method of gear surface treatment was developed. The study results showed improved gear transmission characteristics achieved by gear surface treatment. The dynamic performance of planetary gears is studied in [15]. For this purpose, the authors developed a matrix method for searching for planetary gear configurations. As a result of this method, it is possible to provide the required gear ratios of the planetary mechanism. The authors of article [16] proposed a new graphical method for analyzing the gear transmission to construct a geometric model and determine the rotation speed of the planetary drive elements. This graphical method simplifies the stages of designing planetary gears. Based on the analysis of modern studies [8–16], it was determined that, when designing and calculating a differential transmission mechanism for a roller technological machine, it is necessary to account for the gear ratios, the torque of the working elements, the balance of the generated power, the losses in the engagement of the gear wheels and the efficiency of the transmission. These values will facilitate the design and calculation of strength characteristics of the gear-lever differential transmission mechanism without losing the generated and transmitted power. In designing drives for roller pairs, when the rollers are located along a horizontal line, using gear- lever transmission mechanisms is not appropriate from the point of material consumption. Therefore, the authors propose a drive mechanism for working rollers, which operates in a combination of gear and chain transmission [18, 19]. This design of the drive mechanism for a roller pair is convenient and appropriate when transmitting rotary motion, where the diameters of the working rollers are the same. This drive mechanism ensures synchronicity of rotation of the working rollers when processing flat materials and materials with uneven surfaces (fibrous and textile materials). That is, the technological requirement such as the constancy of the rotational motion of rollers is met at a constant change in the center distance of the working rollers. The drive mechanism needs minimal costs for installation, dismantling, and maintenance. Numerous roller machines are implemented in production, in particular, the VOPM-1800-K squeezing roller machine; its squeezing rollers are equipped with inter-roller drives that consist of two contacting gears with elongated teeth, rigidly installed one above the other at the ends of the axes of the working rollers [20]. The VOPM-1800-K roller machine contains an electric motor, a gearbox, a chain, toothed sprockets, gears, hydraulic cylinders, and two working rollers installed one above the other. Between two working rollers located one above the other, two endless conveyors made of monchon (water-permeable cloth) are installed. One monchon covers the lower working roller, and the other – the top working roller. The working rollers are driven by an electric motor through a gearbox. On the shaft of the gearbox, there is a sprocket in contact with a chain with a sprocket located on the axis of one end of the lower working roller. At the other end of the lower working roller, there is a gear in contact with another gear of the top working roller. The working rollers are driven as follows: The rotation is transmitted from the electric motor to the gearbox. From the gearbox, through the sprockets and chains, rotation is transmitted to the top working roller. Hydraulic cylinders are installed at the ends of the rollers on the frame and press the top+ working roller against the lower one. The disadvantages include inadequate squeezing of leather semi-finished products, low machine reliability, and difficulty using different thicknesses of monchons and leather semi-finished products. These shortcomings may be attributed to the imperfect design of the roller machine When squeezing wet semi-finished leather products in roller pressing machines, the center distance of the working rollers changes arbitrarily depending on the thickness of the semi-finished leather being pressed. As a result, the gear wheels are in an inconstant engagement and often disengage, which leads 3024 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate to geometric sliding between the pressing rollers and the processed material, accompanied by intensive wear of monchons and rims of the gear wheels, deteriorating the quality of the semi-finished leather product. In addition, it is often necessary to use monchons of different thicknesses, which cannot be done without replacing the gear wheels to increase or decrease the center distance of the working rollers. Another design disadvantage of the roller machine VOPM-1800-K is the impossibility of copying the topography of leather product along the feed width, since the design of the roller machine does not provide for the rotation of one working roller relative to the second working roller at a certain angle, ensuring reliable drive. Copying the topography of the leather semi-finished product improves the quality of its processing. In the method for squeezing moisture from the leather semi-finished product presented in [21], the range of the inter-roller distance is quite large since the thickness of the package of leather semi-finished product with the base plate can be different, depending on the quality of the simultaneously processed leather product [22-40]. Rotational motion in a roller machine is transmitted by friction, toothed, belt, and chain transmission. We will conventionally call the pair that performs rotational motion a gear or sprocket. The gear or sprocket from which rotation is transmitted is usually called the driving one, and the gear or sprocket that receives motion is called the driven one. Belts and chains are conventionally called flexible elements. 2. Material and Methods The technical result of using the drive mechanism is that the functionality of the roller machine is widened; it ensures the processing of sheet materials of different thicknesses and can process sheet materials more efficiently due to symmetrically rotating working rollers relative to each other at a certain angle, depending on the change in the thickness of the sheet material along the width of its feed for processing; it ensures synchronicity of rotation of the working rollers, reduces wear of the coatings of the working rollers, and increases the productivity of the roller machine. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the roller machine with a frame, on which four levers are installed on the rollers, has rotational mobility; on the upper part of the levers cups with a lid are fixed, inside which bushings with two projections are installed; spherical rolling bearings are seated in the bushings, on which the axes of the working rollers are seated. Due to the installation of spherical bearings and bushings with projections, the working rollers can symmetrically rotate relative to each other, forming acute angles. This ensures the copyability of wedge-shaped thicknesses of sheet material along the feed width during its processing. The drive of the working rollers is transmitted from the electric motor to the reducer, through the clutch the rotation is transmitted to the roller installed on the frame, and a gear and sprocket are installed on the roller. Figure 1 shows a side view of the roller machine; Fig. 2 shows a top view of the roller machine; Fig. 3 shows section A–A – a view of the working roller supports; and Fig. 4 shows a drive of a base plate. 3025 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 1. Scheme of a roller machine with a combined mechanism for driving the working bodies. The roller machine consists of electric motor 1 connected to gearbox 2, which in turn is connected via clutch 3 to roller 5 mounted on frame 4, on which gear 6 and sprocket 7 are mounted. Roller 8 is mounted parallel to roller 5, on which gear 9 and sprocket 10 are mounted, with 6 and 7, 9 and 10 opposite each other. On the extension of the axes of rollers 5, 8, rollers 11, 12, 13, 14 are mounted, on which levers 15, 16, 17, and 18 are mounted with rotational mobility around their axes. At the other ends of levers 15, 16, 17, and 18, cups 19 are installed and secured, with lid 20, bushing 21 is installed inside with two cylindrical projections 38, the lower of which is inserted into the opening at the bottom of cup 19, and the upper projection is inserted into lid 20, screwed into cup 19 with a thread. Spherical rolling bearing 22 is installed in bushing 21, on which the axes of working rollers 23, 24 are installed. From the drive side, wheels 25, 26 are installed on working rollers 23, 24. Sprocket 25 is connected by flexible element 27 to sprocket 7, and sprocket 26 is connected by flexible element 28 to sprocket 10. Gears 6 and 9 are in constant engagement with each other. There are sprockets 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, chains 47, 55, axle 50. Between working rollers 23, 24, base plate 29 with processed sheet material 30 (preferably, wet leather semi-finished product) is pulled in. Flexible elements 27, 28 are made in the form of cardan chains. 30 29 26 24 23 25 16 28 32 35 15 27 31 36 15 16 37 3026 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 2. Layout of working elements in contact with wedge-shaped processed material. To press the working rollers 23, 24, hydraulic cylinders 31, 32, 33, 34 are installed and attached to frame 4, installed rods 39, 40, 41, 42 are connected to levers 15, 16, 17, 18, respectively. Tensioning of flexible elements 27, 28 is ensured by rotating the adapter with right and left screw threads 36, 37 relative to levers 15, 16, respectively. The roller machine operates by supplying base plate 29 with sheet material 30 using chains 35, 38 installed parallel to each other. For this purpose, electric motor 1 is switched on, the rotation is transmitted to gearbox 2, then through clutch 3 to roller 5. From roller 5 through sprocket 7, the rotation is transmitted by flexible element 27 to sprocket 25, which rotates working roller 23. From gear 6, the rotation is transmitted to gear 9, then through roller 8 with sprocket 10 through flexible element 28, the rotation is transmitted to wheel 26, which rotates working roller 24. A A a ° 33 17 13 14 18 34 23 24 38 35 31 32 16 15 5 8 25 26 1 2 3 9 6 7 10 28 27 12 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 29 30 39 40 41 42 3027 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 3. Scheme of installation of axes of working bodies in supports. Base plate 29 with skin 30 moves as follows. Rotation from roller 5, gearbox 2 through sprockets 49, and chains 47 is transmitted to sprocket 48, mounted on axle 50, from which rotation is transmitted to sprocket 43, which rotates chains 35, 55 mounted on sprockets 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54. Chains 35, 55 pull base plate 29 with sheet material 30 for squeezing between working rollers 23, 24. Rotation synchronism is ensured due to symmetrical rotation feed to working rollers 23, 24. The installation of spherical roller bearings 22 on the supports of the working rollers 23, 24 ensures their angle of rotation up to 5º. The installation of bushing 21 with the possibility of their rotation around the cylindrical projections allows for significantly increasing the angle of rotation of working rollers 23, 24. This ensures the copyability of the topography of sheet material 30 with the wedge-shaped thickness along the feed width, which ultimately increases the pressing quality of processed sheet material 30. Implementation of the proposed roller machine expands the functional capability, allows for the significant expansion of the range of thicknesses of processed sheet materials, improves the quality of processing due to synchronous operation of working rollers, reduces wear of coatings of working rollers, increases the productivity of the roller machine, ensures reliability of operation of the drive of working rollers, and the possibility of using coatings for different thicknesses. А-А 30 29 35 20 22 21 23 19 15 20 22 21 24 16 19 39 39 39 39 3028 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 4. Structural scheme of the drive mechanism of working bodies. Consider the drive mechanism of working bodies of the roller machine shown in Fig. 4. The mechanism consists of 18 movable units located on the support. The degree of freedom of the mechanism is determined by the P.L. Chebyshev formula. IVV PPnW −−= 23 , Here, W is the dependence for determining the number of degrees of freedom of a plane mechanism; n is the number of movable units; PIV, PV are the numbers of kinematic pairs of the 5th and 4th classes, respectively. We determine the number of units of the mechanism shown in scheme figure 4 (see Table). Table 1. Determination of the number of units of the drive mechanism. No. Kinematic pairs Schemes of a kinematic pair Class of a kinematic pair 1 0→1 PV 2 0→2 PV 0 1 18 17 14 15 16 0 0 0 11 12 13 10 8 9 4 1 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 7 1 0 0 2 3029 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 3 1→2 PIV 4 3→2 PV 5 4→2 PV 6 3→5 PV 7 4→5 PIV 8 5→6 PV 9 6→7 PV 2 1 2 3 2 4 3 5 4 5 5 6 7 6 3030 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 10 7→0 PV 11 5→8 PV 12 9→8 PV 13 9→0 PV 14 10→5 PV 15 10→0 PV 16 11→0 PV 17 17→11 PV 7 0 8 5 9 8 9 0 5 10 10 0 0 11 11 17 3031 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 18 12→17 PV 19 12→13 PV 20 0→13 PV 21 14→17 PV 22 15→14 PV 23 0→15 PV 24 17→16 PV 12 17 12 13 13 0 17 14 14 15 15 0 16 17 3032 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 25 17→18 PV 26 16→1 PV 27 18→1 PV Figure 5. Scheme of the direction of the main unit motion of the roller machine. 3. Results and Discussion The mechanism shown in Fig. 4 has 18 movable units and 27 lever mechanisms. 26 units belong to the kinematic pair of class V and 1 kinematic pair to class IV. n = 18 18 17 1 16 1 18 3033 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate PV = 26 PIV = 1, therefore, 3 2 3 18 2 26 1 1V IVW n P P= − − =  −  − = (1) 1W = . The operation principle of the drive mechanism of the working bodies is as follows. The first gear 9 rotates counterclockwise at an angle of ω9. The second gear 10 rotates clockwise with an angular velocity of ω10 when attached to the first gear. Sprockets 3, 9, 4, 10 are fixed to the gears. Symmetrically moving working rollers 1, 2 are driven by chain drives 7, 8. The working rollers are pulled to the base by levers. When the semi-finished product moves between the working rollers, it is compressed by hydraulic cylinders. The roller machine is used to remove moisture from semi-finished products. The semi-finished product is taken out from the drum and undergoes the first processing operation in a roller press. The semi-finished product is attached to a special device and moves between the working rollers from the bottom to the top. The working rollers are pressed by hydraulic cylinders and excess moisture is removed from the leather semi-finished product. The linear velocities at the contact points of the working rollers and the semi-finished product are the same and their values are determined based on the initial settings established by the gears. Figure 6. Kinematic scheme of the drive mechanism. Let us calculate the linear velocities of the first and second working bodies as they rotate around their axes. 111 RV = (2) 1 0 0 11 12 10 8 9 4 2 0 0 3 5 6 7 A B R4 ω3 ω1 ω2 ω4 V2 V1 R2 R1 ω8 ω7 ω10 ω9 ω11 ω12 R9 R10 V9 V10 V6 V6 V5 V5 V3 V4 V8 V7 R3 3034 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 222 RV = . (3) We determine the linear velocities of the sprockets fixed at the output ends of the axes of the working bodies. 333 RV = (4) 4 4 4*V R= . (5) Since the diameters of the sprockets are the same, the following velocities are also equal. 935 VVV == (6) 1046 VVV == . (7) We determine the linear velocities at points A and B of the seventh and eighth levers, respectively 777 RV = (8) 888 RV = . (9) We determine the linear velocities of the sprockets installed above the gears. 999 RV = (10) 101010 RV = . (11) We determine the linear velocities of the gears. 111111 RV = (12) 121212 RV = (13) The angular velocities of the sprocket and the working body are 31  = since they are fixed at a single end of the rotating axis. ; 3 3 31 R V == (14) Since the radii of sprockets of the chain drive are equal, their linear velocities 93 VV = will also be equal. Therefore, formula (14) will have the following form: ; 3 9 1 R V = (15) according to formulas (10) and (15), the expression has the following form: 3 99 1 R R  = . (16) As follows from formula (15), since the radii of sprockets 3 and 9 are the sam1e, their peripheral velocities are 93  = and, accordingly, considering that sprocket 9 is fixed above gear 11, we have the following expression: 119  = . (17) As a result, we obtain the linear velocity of the contact points of the working bodies. 111 RV = . 111  = . 1111 RV = . (18) The linear velocities / 1V and / 2V are determined as: 3035 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate / 1 1 cosV V =  . (19) Substituting the values from (18) into (19), we obtain the following expressions: / 1 11 1 cosV R =   (20) / 2 12 2 cosV R =   . (21) An experimental prototype (Figure 7) was made according to the developed mechanism for driving the working bodies of a roller machine (of vertical type). Figure 7. View of the experimental prototype of the drive mechanism for the working bodies of the roller machine. The setup shown in Figure 7 consists of frame 1, on which working rollers 2, 3 are installed, sprockets 11, 12 are rigidly fixed at the output ends of their axes. Chain conveyor 4 is driven by engine 15 and gearbox 16. The sprockets are fixed to the drive axle (not shown in the figure 7), from which the rotation is transmitted via chain 5 to the sprocket, by which the first gear and the second gear mounted in housing 6 are in constant engagement (not shown in the figure 7). The gears rotate in opposite directions. From each pinion axis, the rotation is transmitted first to sprocket 7, and then to sprocket 8. Then, the steady rotational motion is transmitted via chains 9, 10 to sprockets 11, 12 and they rotate working rollers 2, 3 in opposite directions, as seen in Figures 5 and 6. Figure 8 shows a graph of the dependence of the contact point velocities V on the angle α. 8 14 15 3 2 13 11 7 4 1 6 10 9 5 12 16 3036 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 8. Graph of the dependence of the contact point velocity V on angle α. 4. Conclusion It has been established that the speed between the working elements and the processed fibrous material will change depending on the angular velocities of the gears, the diameters of the working elements. It was determined that the velocities of the working units and the processed fibrous material change depending on the angular velocities of gears and the diameters of working units. It was stated that the velocity between the working shafts and the semi-finished product changes depending on the angular velocities of the gear wheels, the diameters of the working shafts, and the cosine of the angle between the projections of their velocities V1 and V2 onto the axis. Since the angular velocities of the gear wheels are equal, ω1=ω2, the linear velocities of the contact points of the working shafts with the semi-finished product will also be equal, / / 1 2V V= . The feed rate of the conveying device is important here. In this case, the quality of the processed raw material is improved, i.e., no excessive braking or other undesirable effects occur when raw material is conveyed between the rotating working shafts during its processing. According to formulas (20) and (21), obtained from the above-mentioned theoretical studies, the velocities of the transmission mechanism's characteristic points were determined by numerical solutions, and a graph was plotted (Figure 8). 3037 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Funding: This research was supported by and by Budget funding of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and by Tampere University, Finland. Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). References [1] K. V. Frolov et al., “Theory of mechanisms and machines,” Textbook for colleges. - M.: Higher School, 1987. - p. 5-7. [2] E. N. Kalinin, “Representation of the dynamic system - roller device - textile material in the form of a mechanical chain,” Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Seriya Teknologiya Tekstil'noi Promyshlennosti No. 5 (257) 2000. https://ttp.ivgpu.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/257_31.pdf [3] E. N. Kalinin, “Topology of a mechanical chain - roller device - textile material in the form of a mechanical chain,” Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Seriya Teknologiya Tekstil'noi Promyshlennosti No. 6 (258) 2000. https://ttp.ivgpu.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/258_24. pdf [4] Patent No. 2371531. Device for processing long materials by pressure. Authors: Ershov S.V., Kalinin E.N., Konstantinov E.S., Salov V.V. Published 2009/10/27. https://allpatents.ru/patent/2371531.html [5] Patent No. 2435992. Device for creating a pulse mode of loading the executive bodies of technological machines. Authors: Ershov S.V., Kalinin E.N., Konstantinov E.S., Salov V.V. Published 2011/12/10. https://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2435992 [6] S. V. Ershov, E. N. Kalinin, “Intensification of the process of mechanical dehydration of fibrous materials,” Physics of fibrous materials: structure, properties, high-tech technologies, and materials (SMARTEX). - 2019. - No. 1-2. - P. 234-238. - EDN PJFUEY. [7] Yu. G. Fomin, E. E. Gasanova, A. A. Tuvin, I. Yu. Shakhova, “Actual issues of studying the drive of roller machines,” Physics of fibrous materials: structure, properties, high-tech technologies and materials (SMARTEX). - 2019. - No. 1-1. - P. 285-289. - EDN UCGUIN. [8] I. Timofeev, A. Bolshunov, A. Avdeev, “Justification of Lever Arrangement Parameters for Friction-type Traction Gear,” Procedia Engineering, Volume 150, 2016. Pages 1329-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.313 [9] Wenjian Yang, Yongtao Li, Huafeng Ding, “Configuration design of planetary gear mechanisms of automatic transmissions based on the tree graph and structure constraints,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 197, 105644, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105644 [10] Chia-Wei Juang, Chi-Shiun Jhuang, Dar-Zen Chen, “A novel spring gravity-balance method for spatial articulated manipulators without auxiliary links,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 191, 105497, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2023.105497 [11] Zhisen Li, Peng Xu, Hailin Huang, Yinghao Ning, Bing Li, “A novel variable stiffness actuator based on a rocker- linked epicyclic gear train,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 177, 105035, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.105035 [12] Jehyeok Kim, Junyoung Moon, Jaewook Ryu, Sumin Kim, Jihwan Yoon, Giuk Lee, “A novel energy-efficient actuator integrated with compact variable gravity compensation module,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 177, 105031, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.105031 [13] Bo Hu, Tian Gao, Jinjun Zhao, Zhiyong Liu, “One key issue in inverse kinematic modeling of lower mobility serial mechanisms,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 177, 105066, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.105066 [14] Chin-Hsing Kuo, Yi-Xin Wu, “Perfect static balancing using Cardan-gear spring mechanisms,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 181, 105229, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2023.105229 [15] Rikard Hjelm, Linus Everlid, Ellen Bergseth, Florian Reinle, Boris Brodmann, Minghui Tu, Lucas Bard, Jens Wahlström, “A multi-perspective method for gear efficiency and contact analysis // Results in Engineering, Volume 20, 101582, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101582 [16] Peng Dong, Shumiao Zuo, Tianyan Liu, Xiangyang Xu, Wei Guo, Yanfang Liu, Hongchao Wu, Shuhan Wang. A matrix-based method for searching configurations of planetary gear trains // Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume 180, 105161, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.105161 [17] Adam Marciniec, Mariusz Sobolak, Piotr Połowniak. Graphical method for the analysis of planetary gear trains // Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 61, Issue 5, 2022. Pages 4067-4079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.09.036 [18] Patent for utility model of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. FAP 01417. Roller machine. Authors: Bahadirov G.A., Abdukarimov A., Tsoy G.N., Nabiev A.M. Official bulletin of the Intellectual Property Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 9 (221). 30.09.2019. Tashkent. - P. 114. [19] G. A. Bahadirov, A. M. Nabiev, F. R. Rakhimov, M. U. Musirov, “Determination of the parameters of the chain transport device of a roller machine,” Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Seriya Teknologiya Tekstil'noi Promyshlennosti, No. 5 (407) 2023. – P. 168-174. DOI 10.47367/0021-3497_2023_5_168 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2435992 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.09.036 3038 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 8, No. 6: 3022-3038, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2642 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate [20] A. G. Burmistrov et al., (1981), “Equipment for leather and fur production enterprises,” Textbook, M: Light and food industry. p. 217–219. https://rusneb.ru/catalog/002178_000020_BGUNB- BEL%7C%7C%7CBIBL%7C%7C%7C0000847074/ [21] A. G. Burmistrov, (2006), “Machines and devices for the production of leather and fur,” M: KolosS. p. 353–358. https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_002909428/ [22] T. Y. Amanov, G. A. Bahadirov, G. N. Tsoy & A. M. Nabiev, (2011), Method of extracting moisture from wet leather. Patent RUz for invention No. IAP, 4451. [23] G. A. Bahadirov, G. N Tsoy, A. M. Nabiev, (2023), “The effect of roller pressure and feed rate on hide squeezing,” E3S Web of Conf. Volume 402 International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum - TransSiberia 2023. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340210016 [24] A. Umarov, A. Nabiev, K. Khusanov, A. Shernaev, (2023), “Features of parameters of a pair of rolls,” AIP Conf. Proc. 21 November 2023; 2821 (1): 030020. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0159452 [25] A. T. Amanov, G. A. Bahadirov, G. N. Tsoy, A. M. Nabiev, (2021), “Improvement of the Process of Mechanical Dehydration of Five-Layer Wet Leather Semi-finished Products,” Textile & Leather Review. 2021. https://doi.org/10.31881/TLR.2021.27 [26] A. T. Amanov, G. A. Bahadirov, G. N. Tsoy, A. M. Nabiev, (2022), “Effect of Multilayer Processing of Semi-finished Leather Products,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research. Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 248-254, April 2022. DOI:10.18178/ijmerr.11.4.248-254 [27] A. T. Amanov, G. A. Bahadirov, A. M. Nabiev, (2023), “A Study on the Pressure Mechanism Improvement of a Roller-Type Machine Working Bodies,” Materials, 16(5):1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051956 [28] A. M. Nabiev, G. N. Tsoy, G. A. Bahadirov, (2023), “Conditions for vertical pulling of semi-finished leather products under driving rollers,” E3S Web of Conf. Volume 376 International Scientific and Practical Conference “Environmental Risks and Safety in Mechanical Engineering” (ERSME-2023). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337601073 [29] G. Bahadirov, M. Musirov, A. Nabiev, G. Pirnazarov, (2023), “Study of the movement of semi-finished products between working shafts,” E3S Web of Conf. Volume 458 International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Environmental Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345810009 [30] A. Nabiev, G. Tsoy, G. Bahadirov, (2023), “Ensuring conditions for the squeezed fluid flowing from the skin along the conveyor of the technological machine,” E3S Web of Conf. Volume 458, 2023; International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Environmental Technologies (EMMFT-2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345802015 [31] A. Nabiev, G. Tsoy, G. Bahadirov, (2023), “Device for determining permeability of tanning liquid,” International Journal of Modem Manufacturing Technologies ISSN 2067-3604, Vol. XV, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.3.8 [32] A. T. Amanov, G. A. Bahadirov, G. N. Tsoy, A. M. Nabiev, (2023), “The improvement of the rheological model of leather,” International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pages: 321-328. DOI:10.18517/ijaseit.13.1.17360 [33] G. A. Bahadirov, A. M. Nabiev, A. A. Umarov, G. N. Tsoy, (2023), “Experimental determination of the non- homogeneity of the physical parameters of a leather semi-finished product,” E3S Web of Conf. Volume 389 Ural Environmental Science Forum “Sustainable Development of Industrial Region” (UESF-2023). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338901028 [34] G. A. Bahadirov, M. I. Nosirov, (2022), “Research and analysis of rational parameters for the conveying mechanism of a multi-operation roller machine,” Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_18 [35] G. A. Bahadirov, F. R. Rakhimov, (2022), “Analysis of the relationship between the transfer of the mechanism of the multi-operating machine,” Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_25 [36] G. Bahadirov, M. Musirov, A. Nabiev, (2023), “Determination of rational parameters of a device for leather feeding to the machining area,” Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2(1 (122). p. 62–72. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.277393 [37] N. N. Buchgolts, (2009), “Basic course in theoretical mechanics Part 1” “Kinematics, statics, dynamics of a material point,” Textbook. – St. Petersburg: Lan, 2009. p. 63–72 https://www.litres.ru/book/n-n-buhgolc/osnovnoy-kurs- teoreticheskoy-mehaniki-chast-1-kinematika-stati-66006589/ [38] N. N. Buchgolts, (2009), “Basic course in theoretical mechanics Part 2” “Dynamics of a system of material points,” Textbook. – St. Petersburg: Lan. – p. 84–88. https://litres.uz/book/n-n-buhgolc/osnovnoy-kurs-teoreticheskoy- mehaniki-chast-2-dinamika-sistemy-65998418/ [39] A. V. Chigarev, Yu. V. Chigarev, (2010), “Course of theoretical mechanics,” Teaching aid. – Minsk: New knowledge; M.: CUPL. p. 49–57. https://library.navoiy-uni.uz/files/teoreticheskaya_mexanika.pdf [40] A. M. Nabiev, G. N. Tsoy, G. A. Bahadirov et. al., (2024), “Experımental determination of the breakaway force of working rolls when processing semi-finished products,” International Scientific Forestry Forum 2023. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249303007 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340210016 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0159452 https://doi.org/10.31881/TLR.2021.27 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051956 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337601073 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345810009 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345802015 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345802015 https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.3.8 http://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=1&issue_id=81 http://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=1&article_id=17360 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338901028 https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/abs/2024/12/bioconf_ff2024_03007/bioconf_ff2024_03007.html https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/abs/2024/12/bioconf_ff2024_03007/bioconf_ff2024_03007.html https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249303007 https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249303007