Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3, 426-442 2025 Publisher: Learning Gate DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate History: Received: 9 January 2025; Revised: 20 February 2025; Accepted: 24 February 2025; Published: 6 March 2025 * Correspondence: aqeleshi@ust.edu.al Lateral domination and motor performance at preschool children in Tirana Orges LICAJ1, Anesti QELESHI2* 1,2Sports University of Tirana, Dep.of Education and Health Tirane/Albania; olicaj@ust.edu.al (O.L.) aqeleshi@ust.edu.al (A.Q.) Abstract: The beneficial impact of physical activity on physical, social and cognitive health indicators is well-known in school-aged children [1]. So stop being paternalistic and become a place of education of children, and thus, as one of its actions to promote health [2]. Most of the time the children are inactive, predominantly SB, in all studies, with an MVPA around Week for 1 hour [3]. The aim of this study was to evaluate actual the level of physical activity of children during the period of stay in preschools and the records of the performance in the two selected groups left and right compared to the group with mixed predisposition. The methods of evaluation are: Flight light test for reaction time; For Balance Test used Leonardo GRFP Mechanography; Dardan Test; Pierre Vayer test. A literature search was conducted in databases Web of Science. Results: Four bibliographic databases were used to collect the data for our study. Crossref-20-PubMed-50-SearchAll-30.-DOAJ-30.Total-130 using the JabRef program as adaptive sources. Conclusion: There are no differences between two groups A and B at balance and flight light test, but at Dardan and Vayer test, group B shows better data that emphasized differences. Keywords: Cognitive and Social, Lateralization Individual Issues, Physical Activity, Preschool. 1. Introduction Children in preschool age should be encouraged to practice fun activities, games, exploring various physical and emotional experiences and environments, such as play and activities, including several actions, including; run, swim, jump, play, think, draw up plans, in insurance and supervised environments [4]. Most of the time the children are inactive, predominantly SB, in all studies, with an MVPA around Week for 1 hour [3]. In 2008, was published a systematic review of the physical activity of children of 2-6 years old, as well as meeting the guidelines for physical activity 60 min/day [5]. So stop being paternalistic and become a place of education of children, and thus, as one of its actions to promote health [2]. By body side understand that chosen body capacity that has one half of the body more capable than the other (right or left). It is the direct consequence of the dominance of the cortical hemisphere. In humans, one cerebral hemisphere unfolds the dominant role of one and the subdominant role of the other. In the dominant hemisphere, the functions of language, reading and writing are concentrated, while in the subdominant hemisphere, tonality presides. In Monkeys, function both hemispheres: because of this, they have no development of either language or reading. anthropomorphic, those that are closer to humans, present a symmetry as a structure and in writing. Thus we can say that the flood of humanity passes through the process of sides. 427 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate An individual is biased when he uses his eye, hand and leg in the same plane of the body: for an individual to be right-handed, he must have a dominant right eye, a dominant right hand, a dominant right leg and vice versa. Methodological Procedures Regarding literature reviews, 4 bibliography databases were used as suitable sources for literature review using the program JabRef, Table 1. Nr of Articles selected by: JAB/REF Program. Crossref 20 PubMed 50 SearchAll 30 DOAJ 30 Total 130 Diverse methods were used for the realization of this study. The method of literature research, observation, conversation, comparison and synthesis. The method of the experiment by means of tests between two groups A 32 and B 48 Measurements will be performed for 80 preschool children randomized selected 5-6 years old • Objective measurements will be carried out according to the Pierre Vayer test(Educazione Psicomotoria nell’Eta prescolastica) .. • For Physical Activity evaluation [6] consisting of 10 mini tests on physical activity and health) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 82060780, p: 2.6-1 on Leg comparison ,Wall Squat Negative chin up, Negative push up ,Trunk curl, Breath holding, Thigh stretch, Back arch , Skin fold pinch , Arm comparisons • For Balance Test we have used Leonardo GRFP Mechanography Measurement Report- Test balance Semi tangent • Flight light test for reaction time- American cognitive apparatus for sensor perceptive coordination in the University lab 1.1. The Theoretical Issues That Will Be Addressed Psycho-physical education conditions Lets clarify with caution and step by step the issue Accelerometry data suggest that preschoolers’ average sedentary, moderate-to-vigorous, and total physical activity levels in home-based childcare ranged from 39.5 to 49.6, 1.8 to 9.7, and 10.4 to 33.8 min/hr, respectively. Outdoor playtime appears to be inconsistent in home-based childcare. Meanwhile physical activity among preschoolers attending home-based childcare appears to be relatively low and widely varied. Sedentary time has received less attention in home-based childcare settings. Future research examining activity levels in this unique environment is warranted [7]. It presents the most efficient means of preventing disorders and limits the risk of a failure at school by assuming the dependence of normal intelligence. It is an educational tool that strengthens the possibility to accept a sports practice without the risk of compromising the equilibrium of the subject, avoiding the damage of a premature specialization, with essential aspects of a problem that affects children at that age in which the foundations of what the child's future will be are laid. Physical education and sports play a certain and important role in the physical and mental development of children at certain stages of development and why not, even determining. In the meantime It seems that it takes at least twice that amount to the positive effects above bone mineralization [8]. Through this education, children are given all the opportunities to discover and know themselves, to continuously develop their motor skills inextricably linked to their childhood world, to their talents, predispositions and entertaining potential, valid for the present and the future, forging, at the same time, their personality. 428 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Levels of physical activity and sedentary time among young children have been widely examined [8] and discussed in the literature [9]. Being born as a creature of nature, but with the many confrontations in social life, he potentially turns into a social being where education understood in all aspects plays a special role for this. In this framework, physical education and sports have their weight. In examining this environment, a large Canadian-based study of preschoolers (n=297) found that in comparison to those attending full-day kindergarten and home-based childcare, young children enrolled incentre- based care spent the most time being sedentary at41.62 mins/hr [10]. Through active participation, the child will develop the basic concept of sport as a single and integrated being where he is and should be the protagonist of his own education. Someone calls this education a weapon that, no matter how small, is effective in fighting vices such as alcohol, drugs, prostitution and other temptations that today's youth are going through. In an effort to improve the activity levels of young children, the childcare environment may be a worth while setting to intervene – many children are enrolled in these programs and spend a large proportion of their time therein [11]. Winning the competition is not everything, it is only one thing , because to impose on children, to make their victory so important, you have actually weakened their autonomy, their internal motivation, their sense of self. Physical activity and sports present, perhaps, the largest space in which people are involved, simply because of the fact of the satisfaction of the activity. Very interesting study shows that the problem o preschool activity is complex and In contrast, portable waterslides and outdoor rocking equipment were negatively associated with the level of physical activity of children [12]. When you are free, you do what you want; children can often play with ball, tug of war, etc. and parents, when they are not working, are involved in sports, in activities such as skiing, swimming or following local matches on the ground or through television. The "price" for such activities are the spontaneous feelings and thoughts that accompany them. Studies show also information about the childcare environment and children's physical activity [13]. For a general unbalanced development of the child a complete development of motor skills must be guaranteed, both in the expressive and the transitory plan. The behavior of the individual in the sports activity, as well as his behavior in general, is complex and dynamic. An aggravating factor is that parents think that children are highly active in preschool, and so offer fewer opportunities for active behavior in other environments, reducing the level of physical activity of children over day [14]. 1.2. Physical Education and Sports for Children That physical education and sports for children is indisputable, this has been proven and is proven by scientific achievements, even reaching as far as physical education and sports for children to categorize it as a separate branch of sport, unlike adults, i.e. an independent branch of sports science and the sports system. So stop being paternalistic and become a place of education of children, and thus, as one of its actions to promote health [2]. Motor education of 3-6 year old children, a psychokinetic education Motor education of 3-6 year old children cannot be other than psychokinetic education, that is, with the aim of the global formation of the child from all perspectives: motor, affective, cognitive and social. In 2008, was published a systematic review of the physical activity of children of 2-6 years old, as well as meeting the guidelines for physical activity 60 min/day [5]. And so, we can talk about basic motor education, because it must guarantee the child the most complete adaptation in different forms of learning: social (relationships in life), sports (multivalent motor readiness aimed at the beginnings of the future practice sports. 429 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate The author concludes that the LPA, measured by objective methods, within the preschools were low, with high performance sedentary [15]. In order for the individual to accept from a normal life, to a complete personality structure, he will have to ensure a normal evolution of psychomotor functions. In order to understand these attitudes that do not belong exclusively to the physical sphere or the psychic sphere, but to the psycho-physical interactions, at that level when any division between the body and the mind is deeply arbitrary. Lastly, numerous articles in this review did not report participants’ TPA within their results, and though it could be calculated when adequate information was provided, reporting TPA values are important given the target outlined by current international movement guidelines [16]. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommend participation in at least 180 minutes of physical activity per day for children aged 1-4, including 60 minutes of energetic play (moderate-to vigorous-physical activity [MVPA]) for those 3-4 years [17]. Other reported in their study that preschoolers incentre-based childcare (n=71) only spent 1.58 mins/hr in MVPA If it is not operated in a relaxed and calm climate, where the teacher does not stabilize effective communication with the children, cases of contraction and closure can be observed in which nothing can be built. This depends on the attitude of the teacher. Mazzucca, et al. [18] reported that children engaged in 55 minutes of MVPA per childcare day, and that physical activity levels varied between indoor and outdoor activities. In addition to these factors, the daily physical activity recommendations for preschool children are 60 minutes/day [19]. This education aims to contribute to the creation of a better, peaceful world, to preserve human dignity. In addition to these positive values, if the purpose of this education tends towards selfish goals, then participation in it will have negative consequences, creating a state of false superiority over others. At 5 years of age, like our study children should engage in 60 minutes of MVPA each day, and limit recreational screen-viewing to 120 min/per day [17]. The rules of physical activity are rules of the democratic activity of living, where our goal as physical educators is not to create the strong, to train the lion, but to educate with the rules of society, of the state for a better future. Most of the time the children are inactive, predominantly SB, in all studies, with an MVPA around Week for 1 hour [3]. 430 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2. Results and Discussions 2.1. Flight Light reaction of two groups A and B Table 2. Group A with 32 participant. Tag ID Light no Split time Response time Step 1 3 2656 926 1 2 2 5401 956 2 3 3 7934 688 3 4 2 10518 788 4 5 3 13018 634 5 6 2 15548 710 6 7 3 18293 950 7 8 2 20970 690 8 9 3 23456 730 9 10 2 25876 610 10 11 3 28466 800 11 12 2 30981 730 12 13 3 33416 590 13 14 2 36449 664 14 15 3 39239 1036 15 16 2 41620 548 16 17 3 44173 678 17 18 2 46635 636 18 19 3 49193 702 19 20 2 52243 1146 20 21 2 2562 800 1 22 3 5057 678 2 23 2 7688 772 3 24 3 10245 750 4 25 2 12882 794 5 26 3 15439 696 6 27 2 18124 894 7 28 3 21695 1746 8 29 2 24269 752 9 30 3 26786 654 10 31 3 0 2370 11 32 3 34098 1316 12 STDEV 14836.65 363.8676148 Average 22654.06 857.3125 431 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Table 3. Group B with 48 participants. Tag ID Light no Split time Response time Step 1 3 2426 682 1 2 2 5037 764 2 3 3 10508 3700 3 4 2 13191 790 4 5 3 15727 712 5 6 3 0 1226 6 7 3 24559 4092 7 8 2 27434 1052 8 9 3 29920 652 9 10 2 32551 756 10 11 3 35068 756 11 12 2 37782 924 12 13 3 40437 872 13 14 2 42964 654 14 15 3 0 5000 15 16 2 53189 1648 16 17 3 55608 656 17 18 2 58224 852 18 19 3 60677 662 19 20 2 63370 850 20 21 3 2323 598 1 22 2 4815 684 2 23 3 7165 558 3 24 2 9716 710 4 25 3 12094 474 5 26 2 14492 592 6 27 3 16981 678 7 28 2 19475 654 8 29 3 23048 1750 9 30 2 25628 798 10 31 3 28126 690 11 32 2 30762 862 12 33 3 33125 586 13 34 2 35649 680 14 35 3 38188 710 15 36 2 40669 680 16 37 3 43512 1006 17 38 2 46250 914 18 39 3 48893 722 19 40 2 51520 842 20 41 2 36622 746 13 42 2 0 3668 14 43 2 44902 1064 15 44 3 47613 886 16 45 2 50541 1088 17 46 3 53122 772 18 47 2 55748 844 19 48 3 0 5000 20 STDEV 19146.203 1115.859796 Average 29784.396 1178.25 432 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2.2. For Balance Test we have Leonardo GRFP Mechanography Measurement Report Table 4. Group A with 32 participant. Tag ID Body Mass Std. Ellipse Area rel. Pathlength dominant Freq. 1 16.4 4.15 41.18 0.4 2 16.6 7.72 45 0.4 3 18 22.51 118.79 0.4 4 16.8 6.23 60.35 0.5 5 19.4 5.86 36.73 0.4 6 19.8 11.2 59.48 0.6 7 19.2 13.17 75.85 0.4 8 19.9 20.27 218.53 0.7 9 23.4 2.41 32.97 0.4 10 23.7 5.17 30.42 0.4 11 22.9 5.53 57.91 0.4 12 22.5 11.13 64.84 0.2 13 18.3 5.32 37.81 0.4 14 18.4 8.39 46.03 0.4 15 18.9 3.89 44.25 0.8 16 18.5 34.11 143.95 0.2 17 18.4 1.46 31.51 0.8 18 18.9 3.01 40.4 0.8 19 18.2 5.47 51.2 0.6 20 18.3 5.47 60.21 0.2 21 25.7 4.88 31.76 0.6 22 25.6 2.88 33.5 0.6 23 25.9 27.68 143.97 0.6 24 25.1 89.12 161.63 0.6 25 19.5 1.78 26.16 0.6 26 19.6 7.63 37.03 0.6 27 19.8 7.52 63.75 0.6 28 19.1 25.55 101.28 0.2 29 17.3 1.56 31.73 0.4 30 17.6 6.84 38.33 0.4 31 17.9 5.97 61.85 0.4 32 17.2 93.15 146.79 0.4 STDEV 2.836627 21.73712 47.48179 Average 19.9 14.28219 67.97469 433 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Table 5. Group B with 48 participant. Tag ID Body Mass kg Std. Ellipse Area cm2 rel. Pathlength mm/s dominant Freq. hz 1 21.8 2.62 36.7 0.4 2 21.5 2.69 40.25 1 3 21 8 89.19 0.6 4 20.8 13.98 72.58 0.3 5 22.7 15.69 27.1 0.8 6 22.3 1.83 29.89 0.6 7 22.6 3.29 51.56 1.2 8 21.9 7.2 58.02 0.2 9 17.3 3.95 33.69 0.4 10 17.4 4.48 56.62 0.4 11 17.9 13.31 80.32 0.4 12 17.2 13.64 68.84 0.2 13 22.6 2.41 29.04 0.6 14 22.9 6.49 52.43 0.6 15 22.1 5.62 62.68 0.4 16 22.8 22.3 87.3 0.2 17 22.7 4.25 41.31 0.6 18 22.8 18.32 93.55 0.6 19 22.9 10.16 87.42 0.2 20 22.1 29.24 115.02 0.2 21 20 9.8 35.61 0.8 22 20.4 10.94 46.95 0.4 23 20.6 2.54 39.09 0.8 24 20.7 16.98 85.88 0.2 25 21.4 3.31 31.74 0.4 26 221.5 0.57 23.77 0.6 27 21.7 4.96 39.37 0.4 28 21.9 5.7 52.09 0.4 29 20.6 0.85 26.26 0.4 30 20.8 3.06 34.39 0.4 31 20.1 4.56 70.9 0.4 32 20.2 17.17 82 0.4 33 16.6 8.53 39.24 0.4 34 16.8 4.82 38.12 0.4 35 16.9 30.95 135.54 0.4 36 16.5 7.01 48.5 0.4 37 27.8 6.5 37.03 0.4 38 27.6 5.8 57.73 0.4 39 27.3 7.12 42.41 0.4 40 27.4 11.79 69.69 0.2 41 22.1 1.76 29.89 0.4 42 22.3 4.07 51.67 0.4 43 22.5 1.89 37.65 0.4 44 22.6 4.82 45.39 0.4 45 21.1 3.49 35.22 0.4 46 21.3 26.04 133.35 0.4 47 21.4 14.25 74.87 0.4 48 21.6 7.04 70.26 0.4 STDEV 29.00468506 7.342877643 27.01711 Average 25.5625 8.662291667 56.83583 1. Dardan 10 tests (table 6-15). for two groups A and B 1. Leg comparison 2. Wall Squat 434 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 3. Negative chin up, 4. Negative push up) 5. Trunk curl 6. Breath holding 7. Thigh stretch, 8. Back arch 9. Skin fold pinch 10. Arm comparisons Table 6. General Tables. Leg comparison Test 1. A B Less than < = 3,1 mm - 10 points 24% 23% between 3,1 mm- 6,3 mm -- 8 points 26 25 between 6,3 mm – 9,3 mm -- 6 points 25 26 between 9,3 mm – 12,7 mm . 4 points 12 13 between 12,7mm- 15,5 mm-- 2 points 11 12 More than > = 15,5 mm .. 0 points 2 1 Table 7. General Tables. Test 2 Wall Squat. A B More than 60 sec 10 points 34 % 40 % 50 – 59 sec 8 points 36 10 40 - 49 sec 6 points 5 25 30 – 39 sec 4 points 8 12 20 – 29 sec 2 points 11 12 Less than 19 sec 0 points 4 1 Table 8. General Tables. Test 3 Negative chin up. A B More than 60 se c 10 points 10% 18% 50 – 59 sec 8 points 20 22 40 - 49 sec 6 points 25 25 30 – 39 sec 4 points 12 12 20 – 29sec 2 points 12 10 Less than 19 sec 0 points 21 13 Table 9. General Tables. Test 4 Negative push up. A B More than 60 se c 10 points 29% 25% 50 – 59 sec 8 points 21 26 40 - 49 sec 6 points 21 26 30 – 39 sec 4 points 11 11 20 – 29sec 2 points 17 10 Less than 19 sec = 0 points 1 3 435 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Table 10. General Tables Test 5, Trunk curl. A B More than 60 se c 10 points 28% 34% 50 – 59 sec 8 points 22 16 40 - 49 sec 6 points 25 35 30 – 39 sec 4 points 12 2 20 – 29sec 2 points 7 11 Less than 19 sec 0 points 6 2 Table 11. General Tables. Test 6, Breath holding. A B More than 30 se c 10 points 25% 26% 25 – 29 sec 8 points 26 46 20 - 24 sec 6 points 25 5 15 – 19 sec 4 points 11 10 10 – 14 sec 2 points 8 11 Less than 9 sec 0 points 5 2 Table 12. General Tables. Test 7 Thigh stretch. A B More than 25 cm = 10 points 14 % 25 % between 20—22,5 cm = 8 points 26 15 between 15- - 17,5 cm = 6 points 25 25 between 10- 12,5 cm = 4 points 12 15 Between 5- 7,5 cm = 2 points 11 19 Less than 2,5 cm = 0 points 12 1 Table 13. General tables. Test 8 Back arch. A B More than 45 cm = 10 points 24 % 23 % Between 40- 42,5 cm = 8 points 26 27 Between 35- 37,5 cm = 6 points 25 5 Between 30- 32,5 cm = 4 points 4 12 Between 25- 27,5 cm = 2 points 11 11 Between 22,5 cm = 0 points 10 2 2 Table 14. General Table . Test 9 Skin fold pinch. A B Less than 1,5 cm = 10 points 23% 24% 2,5 cm = 8 points 27 26 3 cm = 6 points 25 25 3,7 cm = 4 points 2 4 4 cm = 2 points 11 11 More than 4 cm 0 points 12 10 436 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Table 15. General Tables. Test 10 Arm comparisons. A B More than 3,7 cm = 10 points 24% 24% 3 cm = 8 points 26 26 2,5 cm = 6 points 5 15 1,8 cm = 4 points 12 12 1,3 cm = 2 points 11 21 Less than 1,3 cm = 0 points 22 2 437 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2.3. Test Pierre Vayer -A Simple Evaluation Between Two Groups Table 16. Group A Mix Lateral domination. Gr A. Voi Hand-eye coordination Dynamic coordination Postural coordination Coordination of the body. Perceptual organization Observation of laterality. Spatial evaluation Time estimation ID Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 Test 8 1 sufficient 1 insufficient 0 sec 9 point 20 insufice0 Right 1/Left 2/Mix 3 insufice0 sufficient 1 2 1 1 8 18 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 9 19 1 1 1 4 1 1 10 18 0 1 1 1 5 1 1 9 18 1 2 1 1 6 0 0 11 19 0 0 0 7 0 0 12 20 1 2 0 0 8 1 1 13 18 1 1 0 1 9 1 1 9 19 1 2 1 0 10 1 1 8 19 0 3 1 1 11 1 1 8 18 1 2 1 0 12 1 1 8 20 1 1 1 1 13 0 1 9 20 1 2 0 0 14 0 1 9 20 1 1 1 1 15 0 1 11 20 1 1 0 0 16 1 0 12 18 0 3 1 0 17 1 1 13 18 0 3 0 0 18 1 1 12 19 1 3 1 0 19 1 9 20 0 1 0 1 20 1 1 8 18 1 2 1 1 21 1 1 8 19 0 2 0 1 22 1 1 8 19 1 3 0 1 23 1 1 9 20 1 3 0 1 24 1 1 10 20 1 3 1 1 25 1 0 11 19 0 2 1 0 26 0 0 12 18 0 2 1 0 27 0 0 13 20 1 2 1 0 28 1 1 11 20 1 2 0 0 29 1 1 10 18 0 3 0 0 30 1 1 10 19 0 3 0 0 31 1 1 13 19 0 3 0 0 32 1 1 9 20 1 3 0 1 438 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Table17. Group B: Left or Right Lateral domination. Gr B. Voi Hand-eye coordination Dynamic coordination Postural coordination Coordination of the body. Perceptual organization Observation of laterality. Spatial evaluation Time estimation ID Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 Test 8 1 sufficient 1 insufficient 0 sec 9 point 20 insufice0 Right 1/Left 2/Mix 3 insufice0 sufficient 1 2 0 0 9 20 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 9 19 1 2 1 0 4 0 0 8 18 0 3 1 0 5 1 1 9 20 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 9 19 0 1 1 1 7 0 0 12 20 1 2 0 0 8 1 1 8 18 1 1 1 1 9 1 0 9 20 1 2 1 0 10 1 1 8 19 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 9 18 1 3 1 1 12 1 1 8 20 0 1 1 1 13 1 1 9 20 1 3 0 0 14 0 0 8 19 0 1 0 0 15 1 1 11 20 1 1 0 0 16 1 0 12 18 0 1 0 0 17 1 1 10 19 1 3 0 1 18 0 1 12 19 1 1 1 0 19 1 8 20 1 1 1 1 20 1 1 8 19 1 1 1 1 21 0 1 8 19 1 2 1 1 22 1 1 9 19 1 3 0 0 23 1 1 9 19 0 1 1 1 24 1 1 10 20 1 3 1 1 25 1 0 11 18 0 1 0 1 26 0 1 10 18 0 1 1 0 27 1 1 13 20 1 3 0 0 28 1 1 11 19 0 3 0 1 29 1 1 10 18 0 3 1 0 30 1 0 10 19 0 2 0 1 31 1 1 13 20 0 3 1 0 32 0 1 10 20 0 3 0 0 33 1 0 9 20 1 2 1 1 34 1 1 9 19 1 2 1 1 35 0 1 10 18 1 2 0 0 36 1 0 8 19 1 2 1 1 439 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 37 1 0 8 18 0 2 1 1 38 1 0 10 19 1 3 0 1 39 1 1 10 18 1 2 1 0 40 1 0 11 19 1 3 0 1 41 1 1 9 20 1 3 1 1 42 1 1 9 20 1 3 1 1 43 1 1 13 18 0 2 1 1 44 1 1 8 18 1 2 1 1 45 1 0 8 18 0 2 1 1 46 1 0 9 19 0 2 1 1 47 1 0 10 18 1 2 1 1 48 1 0 11 20 1 1 1 1 440 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Table 18. Summary of Vayer test data. Test Pierre Vayer Group A Mix Lateral.dom Group B Left or Right Lateral.dom 1. Hand-eye coordination 42.5 % 57.5% 2. Dynamic coordination 43.6% 56.4% 3. Postural coordination 41.2% 58.8 % 4. Coordination of the body. 35.4% 64.6% 5. Perceptual organization 44.9% 55.1% 6. Observation of laterality. 34.5% 65.5% 7. Spatial evaluation 50.5 % 49.5% 8. Time estimation. 42.6% 57.4% Average 41.90 % 58.10% • From average database group B Left or Right Lateral domination are little bit better than group A Mix Lateral domination especially at Dardan Test its very clear that there is a difference at ten tests in favour of group B(specially to the 10 points category). Table 19. Summary of 10 Points Category for Group A&B at Dardan Test. Table 19. A B 20% 26% 34% 40% 12% 28% 20% 28% 28% 34% 30% 35% 20% 21% 14% 25% 25% 26% 23% 24% Average of 10 points 23% 29% At Vayer Test we have still emphasized differences Average Group A:41.90 % Average Group B:58.10% • At balance test and flight light test from average data we do not have much diffrences between two groups. • Average Group A: 67.97469 Average Group B:56.83583 At flight light test; Average A :22654.06 Average B: 29784.396 3. Discussion It is the direct consequence of the dominance of the cortical hemisphere. In humans, one cerebral hemisphere unfolds the dominant role of one and the subdominant role of the other. In the dominant hemisphere, the functions of language, reading and writing are concentrated, while in the subdominant hemisphere, tonality presides. We can say that the flood of humanity passes through the process of sides. An individual when he uses the eye, hand and leg in the same side of the body or for an individual to be right-handed, he must have a dominant right eye, a dominant right hand, a dominant right leg and vice versa. It is necessary to give the child the opportunity to deal with motor problems by favoring the use of more automated numbers, making him find the answer himself, thus stimulating his creativity, imagination and ideas, the methodology of used is the experimental one. There is no need to provide the child with prefabricated motor responses of the educator as is often seen in traditional physical 441 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 426-442, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5226 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate education, but leaving all the necessary freedom until he himself, through trial and error and a series of personal adaptations can be chosen the problem. Too often in fact the child is forced with codified motor responses thus sacrificing the function of active adaptation. A student must use the eye, hand and foot on the same side of the body: if an individual is right- handed, he must have a dominant right eye, a dominant right hand, a dominant right leg and vice versa. At the level of learning to read and write is of fundamental importance the homogeneity of the automation of the eye and the hand lying in the same part of the body. If this is not verified it is possible to have cases of more or less severe disorders; concerns can range from squinting, difficulty concentrating to difficulty understanding what you read, etc. From the point of view of motor activity, in 90% of this activity a lateral efficiency is assumed. The exercises that favor the dominance of the sides are from the psychomotor point of view: hand-eye coordination, games and free activity, general dynamic coordination. For a general balanced development of the child, a complete development of motor skills must be guaranteed, both in the expressive and transitory plan. 4. Conclusion • We found interesting data evidence for children of both groups that spek themself in positive association of physical activity with motor and cognitive development • From average database group B Left or Right Lateral domination are little bit better than group A Mix Lateral domination (especially at Dardan and Vayer test). • Briefly analyzing the characteristics of these functions and their importance, which for us contains the basis for a regular development of the child. • These functions are closely related to the function of the central nervous system. • We must emphasize that as long as psychomotor functions can be developed optimally, the interaction-affective aspect must be constantly present. • We mean the relationship that stabilizes between the teacher and the child himself. • Physical education sport today is no longer a profession, but a mission, a philosophy, which, along with the development of physical skills, also pursues intellectual achievement for a balanced human being, that is, to train the individual on both sides: physical and intellectual, in a harmonious character. 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