Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3, 1284-1298 2025 Publisher: Learning Gate DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate History: Received: 15 January 2025; Revised: 24 February 2025; Accepted: 25 February 2025; Published: 15 March 2025 * Correspondence: rinisugiartipsikologi@usm.ac.id Parental care for developing character of children Rini Sugiarti1*, Erwin Erlangga2 1,2Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Semarang University, Indonesia; rinisugiartipsikologi@usm.ac.id (R.S.). Abstract: Character development in youngsters occurs during their initial life phases. As the smallest unit of society, parents have a crucial impact on this development. Through their parental care, parents play a vital role in shaping behaviors that are essential for future living. The actions demonstrated by children reflect their character, which is pivotal in determining their future quality of life. The aim of this research was to empirically investigate the indicators of character development in children. The sample comprised 456 students from Semarang. To uncover the character development indicators among students, two scales were utilized: the character development scale and the parenting scale. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was the method employed to assess the validity of the indicator variables. Findings from this research reveal a significant relationship between parenting practices and the development of character in children. The character traits instilled in children at home form the essential groundwork for their adult lives in the broader community. Additionally, the research indicates that the character development of junior high school students in Semarang can be facilitated by parental guidance that emphasizes collaboration, acceptance, affection, tranquility, esteem, and consciousness as demonstrations of behavior. Keywords: Parental care, Character building, Children. 1. Introduction Bronfenbrenner’s model indicates that families, where parents operate as social agents, are organized into a concentric framework referred to as a microsystem. This microsystem significantly influences the actual quality of children's development [1]. Through their parenting styles, parents play a crucial role in shaping behavior that is essential for future living. The actions demonstrated by children reflect their character, which is pivotal in determining their future quality. Kids who receive positive care tend to behave appropriately according to the social norms and regulations [2]. Specifically, character can be understood as a collection of behaviors, attributes, traits, and overall personality. The formation of a child's character starts with the nurturing they receive in the home environment [3]. Character development in youngsters happens during their initial life phases. As the smallest unit of society, parents have a crucial impact on this development. According to Cahyo [4] the role of parental involvement is vital for establishing character in children. Research by Sugiarti, et al. [2] further indicates that parental emotional regulation is important [5]. A well-established character at home lays a solid groundwork for children as they navigate relationships in schools and broader communities [6]. The essence of an individual's character is enduring. Consequently, the journey towards its refinement occurs through experiences, interactions with the surrounding world, and other influencing factors. Here, experience encompasses everything that an individual has faced and continues to face. The surrounding environment entails everything present that influences one’s life until the end [7]. Children consistently engage with their immediate surroundings. Through these social environments, they acquire a wealth of life lessons throughout their development [8]. 1285 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate The outcomes of these social interactions form a robust foundation for shaping children's characters, which will greatly aid them in adult social settings. The character-building journey starts within the family, particularly through parental care. Thus, parents, as part of this most basic societal unit, hold an essential role in character formation by means of nurturing [9]. Findings from various prior studies have highlighted the pivotal function of the family as the smallest social agent in society regarding the development and reinforcement of children’s character. It is crucial for parents, educators, and the community to recognize that the formation and growth of children’s character primarily lie in their hands [10]. In light of the issues discussed, this research aimed to empirically investigate the model of character building in children through the lens of parenting. Furthermore, this study seeks to significantly contribute by outlining the specific indicators required for cultivating the character of children as the future generation. 2. Method The aim of this research was to empirically investigate the indicators of character development in children. The sample comprised 456 students from Semarang. To uncover the character development indicators among students, two scales were utilized: the character development scale and the parenting scale. These scales were created using Google Forms and were systematically distributed to participants through their teachers. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was the method employed to assess the validity of the variables related to character development among junior high school students [11]. To evaluate the model fit in the CFA assessment, suitability indices were established with standard benchmarks: RMSEA values less than 0.08 and NNFI, CFI, IFI, and AGFI values exceeding 0.9 [11]. Furthermore, to obtain construct reliability (CR) and variance extracted (VE), the benchmarks of ≥ 0.7 for CR and ≥ 0.5 for VE were used [11]. These metrics were determined through specific formulas. CR = (∑SLF)² VE = ∑SLF² (∑SLF)²+(∑e) ∑SLF²+(∑e) Where: CR (Construct Reliability): The consistency of a measurement VE (Variance Extracted): The total number of variances in the manifest variable that can be explained by latent variables ∑SLF : The number of loading factor standard for each item ∑e : The number of errors for each item [11] Furthermore, to determine whether the studied indicators have a good level of conformity with the empirical data, it used the criteria below. Table 1. Criteria for the Results of Conformity Level Measurement (Goodness-of-fit Model). Goodness-of-Fit Measures Acceptance Limits of Goodness-of-Fit Chi-Square the smaller, the better Probability (P) P  0.05 RMSEA RMSEA ≤ 0.08 CFI 0.80 ≤ CFI ≤ 1 TLI 0.80 ≤ TLI ≤ 1 Source: Hair [12]. 1286 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. The Design of Parental Care for Developing Character of Children The design of the measurement model in this study aimed to provide an overview of the measurement indicators. The criteria in this study had been predetermined based on theoretical studies. Furthermore, the indicators design is as follows. Figure 1. Indicators Design. Table 1. Information on the Measurement Model No. Variables Information 1 Parents’ Cooperation Cooperation 2 Tolerance to Children Tolerance 3 Warm Interaction Warmth 4 Peace Peace 5 Respect for Individual Differences Respect 6 Awareness Awareness This study aimed to examine the character-building indicators for children. Furthermore, the variables contained in this study were cooperation, tolerance, warmth, peace, respect, and awareness. The employed confirmatory analysis of the measurement model for the character building of children in this study was the structural equation model (SEM) through the Amos Lisrel program. 2.2. Results of Measurement Test The description of the theoretical model based on the empirical data was asserted in the Goodness of Fit (GOF) measure. Based on these standards, the results of the overall suitability test for the character building of children in this study are as follows. 1287 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate Figure 2. Results of Measurement Test. Table 2. Results of Measurement based on the Suitability Level of Goodness-of-Fit for Character-Building Model. Goodness-of-Fit Measures Acceptance Limits of Goodness-of-Fit Results Chi-Square the smaller, the better 5.414 Probability (P) P  0.05 0.067 RMSEA RMSEA ≤ 0.08 0.064 CFI 0.80 ≤ CFI ≤ 1 0.993 TLI 0.80 ≤ TLI ≤ 1 0.948 Based on the findings from the integrated assessment of multiple suitability standard frameworks, it has been determined that the structural model demonstrates a strong alignment. This indicates that the conceptual framework for character development, which includes (1) collaboration, (2) acceptance, (3) kindness, (4) tranquility, (5) esteem, and (6) consciousness, plays a meaningful role and is backed by observable evidence. Table 3. Results of the Values of Effect between Variables. E ffects B etw een V ariab les 1 Tolerance to Children → Parents’ Cooperation 0.44 2 Parents’ Cooperation → Warm Interaction 0.32 3 Tolerance to Children → Warm Interaction 0.27 4 Tolerance to Children → Respect for Individual Differences 0.16 5 Warm Interaction → Respect for Individual Differences 0.18 6 Warm Interaction → Peace 0.10 7 Parents’ Cooperation → Peace 0.11 8 Parents’ Cooperation → Awareness 0.06 9 Warm Interaction → Awareness 0.15 10 Respect for Individual Differences → Awareness 0.32 11 Peace → Awareness 0.30 12 Respect for Individual Differences → Peace 0.16 13 Peace → Respect for Individual Differences 0.16 1288 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2.3. Discussion based on Results of Parental Care for Developing Character of Children 2.3.1. The Relationship between the Tolerance of Children and Parents’ Cooperation The impact of children's tolerance on parental cooperation measures 0.44, translating to 44%. This outcome suggests that an increase in children's tolerance correlates with an enhancement in parental cooperation. Consequently, parental cooperation experiences a rise of 44%. In societal interactions, the need for tolerance is ever-present. Tolerance can be characterized as a conduct that involves respecting, allowing, and trusting others who may appear different. It is an endeavor aimed at extending or providing understanding. According to Erlangga, et al. [13] the core principle of tolerance involves individuals striving to honor one another, attempting to reduce indifference, boosting appreciation for the positive traits in others, empathizing with others' struggles, and allowing situations to unfold without heavy weight [14]. The findings of this research are consistent with the work of Sugiarti [15] which indicates that family social dynamics serve as primary channels for cultivating mutual respect among individuals and their surroundings. Parents with higher tolerance for their children will better comprehend their children's experiences, fostering shared efforts in their upbringing. Furthermore, Knotek, et al. [16] discovered that children's tolerance cultivates warmth, achievable when both parents collaboratively model positive behaviors. A parent's tolerance towards their children can also be reflected in their collaborative efforts during the parenting journey. They will engage in caregiving as a unit, demonstrating mutual respect, honoring one another’s viewpoints, avoiding domination, and steering clear of criticism or insults for any reason [17]. Practicing tolerance in parenting fosters a greater appreciation for diversity, active listening with compassion, respecting privacy, striving for understanding, valuing differing opinions, and exchanging knowledge and experiences. Parental cooperation in child-rearing represents a shared commitment between both parents. This commitment encompasses maintaining aligned foundational views on child- rearing, providing mutual support, and recognizing each other's beliefs, needs, strengths, and contributions. Parents demonstrating a commitment to tolerance will exhibit strong cooperation in their parenting roles [18]. In conclusion, it can be inferred that a high degree of tolerance for children promotes parental collaboration in the home environment. 2.3.2. The Relationship between the Tolerance to Children and Warm Interaction. The effect of children's tolerance on the level of warm interaction is quantified at 0.27, translating to 27%. This finding suggests that increased tolerance towards children corresponds with heightened warm interactions. Consequently, this relationship leads to a 27% rise in the warm interaction variable. Tolerance involves acknowledging, valuing, or accepting diverse lifestyles while engaging with others. Embracing differences can be perceived as achieving harmony despite diversity. This kind of tolerance, along with empathy for others, can be nurtured within the family unit. Families that cultivate an atmosphere of tolerance manifest this quality through their warm treatment of one another. The outcomes of this research align with findings by Alodat, et al. [19] that emphasize the family as a nurturing ground for positive behaviors in children. A family environment that promotes tolerance is likely to shape children into individuals who display warmth in their interactions. Families that teach the importance of respecting differences will demonstrate a kind approach towards their children and other family members. Moving forward, children who grow up in a positive behavioral context are expected to excel in diverse aspects of life, as noted by Kaya and Tortop [20]. Communicating effectively involves getting straight to the point without unnecessary elaboration or repetition. It requires being quick, clear, direct, and easily understandable to the listener. Effective communication captures the listener's full attention and can significantly impact their thoughts. Families serve as the essential building blocks for teaching tolerance [21]. From a balanced, empathetic, and open- minded family unit, a strong, capable youth emerges. The family serves as the primary source of knowledge for any generation. Within a family setting, children acquire speech, identify colors, experience affection and warm embraces, learn to pronounce words, recognize local flora and fauna, discover letters, 1289 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate and develop skills in reading, counting, drawing, and even writing basic numbers and letters. The family dynamic is also the initial environment every individual encounters [22]. This underscores the significance of family. In the everyday lives of adults, it is common to witness strained interactions among family members. Siblings may not communicate. In some cases, mothers and children may even become adversaries. Such chilly relationships within families can lead to significant repercussions [23]. One outcome is a generation that is detached, self-centered, and lacking in tolerance. It is crucial to nurture character, ethics, and emotional education from a young age within the family context. This way, each person can emerge as a compassionate individual with a strong sense of social connection. Conversely, families that are emotionally distant and transactional tend to raise individuals who are indifferent and unfeeling [24]. From the discussion above, it can be inferred that fostering a high level of tolerance in children encourages parents to interact positively with them, ultimately enabling children to demonstrate commendable behavior in society. 2.3.3. The Relationship between the Tolerance of Children and Respect for Individual Differences The relationship between children's tolerance and respect for individual differences stands at 0.16, translating to a percentage of 16%. This finding suggests that as children's tolerance levels rise, so too does their respect for individual differences. Consequently, this results in a 16% increase in the level of respect for individual differences. In a nutshell, tolerance embodies an attitude that fosters well-being, allowing individuals to coexist harmoniously despite variations in cultural, religious, or racial backgrounds. As noted by Schnitker, et al. [25] tolerance represents the reciprocal respect individuals offer each other. It is deemed a critical component in fostering peace. An attitude grounded in tolerance promotes goodness and offers substantial advantages in social interactions. Conversely, intolerance often contributes to difficulties within social dynamics, as observed by Mubarok, et al. [26]. The research conducted by Munir and Malik [27] also revealed that parental and teacher influences play a significant role in cultivating tolerance in children, which subsequently nurtures respectful attitudes and leads to a notable decline in bullying behaviors. Additionally, fostering high levels of tolerance further enhances the cultivation of mutual respect. A strong foundation of tolerance enables family members to develop a genuine appreciation for each other, as highlighted by Senior in 2019. Tolerance encompasses honoring individuals and their unique traits, alleviating the barriers and stress that arise from apathy. It opens the door to understanding and dispelling stereotypes linked to nationality, faith, and heritage. Tolerance embodies a reciprocal acknowledgment through comprehension, as stated by Alqahtani and Kaliappen [28]. Tolerance plays a vital role in nurturing and reinforcing unity among humanity. Strong familial ties are essential in navigating life within a diverse society, as highlighted by Khodakova, et al. [29]. Embracing tolerance enhances the ability to value individual differences. In the context of parenting, an approach centered on tolerance cultivates skills such as empathetic listening, respecting privacy, promoting understanding, honoring diverse opinions, and sharing knowledge and experiences. To respect someone signifies valuing that individual deeply, as described by Çal and Demirkaya [30]. A decline in respect can be seen as a diminishing of admiration for an individual or concept. Respect reflects the manner in which one regards or relates to someone or something. Hence, by respecting others, we convey admiration and treat them kindly. Cultivating respectful and tolerant behavior, which includes honoring individual differences, forms an essential aspect of character education that should be prioritized within family settings. To sum up the preceding discussion, it is evident that fostering a strong sense of tolerance in children will compel parents to show greater respect for them. This mutual respect, in turn, can encourage a deeper appreciation for one another within the family unit. 1290 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2.3.4. The Relationship between the Parents’ Cooperation and Warm Interaction The impact of parental collaboration on the level of warm interactions is measured at 0.32, which translates to 32%. This finding implies that an increase in the degree of parents’ cooperation correlates with an increase in the warmth of interactions. Consequently, this results in a rise of 32% in warm interaction levels. Parents aspire for their children to exhibit admirable traits, commendable attitudes, and strong moral values. Thus, they serve as the primary role models for their offspring. Children tend to replicate their parents’ actions. As highlighted by Suhariadi, et al. [1] the daily behaviors and attitudes of parents subtly influence children, shaping their own attitudes and personalities. Findings from this research highlight that the cooperation of parents throughout the parenting journey is reflected in the warmth of daily exchanges. This aligns with the findings of Saputra and Sugiarti [31] which suggest that parenting significantly influences the development of a child’s character. The active participation of both parents in their children's home education lays the groundwork for the child’s character development in everyday situations. Children raised in a harmonious environment tend to display warm personalities toward those around them, as noted by Sugiarti, et al. [32]. Cooperation between parents in child-rearing represents a shared commitment from both the father and the mother in nurturing their children. This partnership necessitates maintaining commitments that include agreeing on fundamental parenting philosophies, supporting one another, and respecting each other’s beliefs, requirements, strengths, and efforts. Parents play a crucial role in the growth and development of their children, as stated by Sugiarti, et al. [32]. To nurture children positively, active parental involvement is essential. Meeting children’s needs for nutritious and wholesome food, along with imparting moral and religious values, falls within the parents’ responsibilities, fostered through the warmth they show. This type of parental nurturing serves as a cornerstone in developing a child’s positive character right from infancy. In the prenatal stage until the moment of delivery, the mother and father consistently support the child until they attain adulthood [7]. From the explanation given, it is possible to infer that the findings of this research indicate that the cooperation of parents influences the dynamics of affectionate interaction. This means that collaborative efforts in parenting foster a nurturing atmosphere within the household. Consequently, this environment ensures that every family member feels at ease while at home. 2.3.5. The Relationship between the Parents’ Cooperation and Peace The effect size of parental collaboration on the variable of peace is measured at 0.11, translating to an 11% impact. This finding suggests that as the level of parental cooperation increases, so does the level of peace. Consequently, it results in an improvement in the variable of peace by 11%. Family happiness stands as an aspiration for every household. Recognizing each member's roles and functions forms a vital basis for attaining familial joy. When all individuals within a family comprehend their responsibilities and positions, it leads to better collaboration aimed at family unity. A joyful family, as noted by Ayu, et al. [33] is characterized by a sense of happiness that is evident in the lack of conflicts, absence of dissatisfaction, and collective support during family activities. Achieving a joyful family does not imply the absence of challenges such as varying incomes, divergent life objectives, or domestic disputes. Nevertheless, effective cooperation can help reduce these disharmonious situations. The findings of this research align closely with those of Erlangga, et al. [5] which emphasize that fostering a warm relationship in a cooperative family relies heavily on the acknowledgment of roles and responsibilities by each member. When parents collaborate in raising their children, it fosters tranquility within the household. Sugiarti [8] elaborated on the notion that harmonious parents who work jointly in child- rearing contribute to a nurturing and enjoyable home environment, ultimately leading to a peaceful life, as highlighted by Suranto and Sugiarti [34]. Parental collaboration in raising children significantly impacts their growth and development. There is a connection between the actions of parents who collaborate. Collaborating in child-rearing and the future behavior of youngsters is essential. When parents are not aligned in their approach to parenting, it can affect the child's development later on Sugiarti, et al. [2]. Without a united front and effective 1291 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate teamwork in raising their offspring, children may struggle to understand appropriate behaviors and whom to rely on. This harmonious parental involvement encompasses approaches to discipline, nurturing, and styles of communication as well as parenting methodologies [13]. Currently, many family members dwelling together for extended periods express frustration regarding their frequent disagreements. While some level of conflict is sometimes unavoidable, persistent arguments can lead to significant stress within relationships, particularly over time. It is crucial for families to establish a balanced and harmonious environment, mastering the art of productive conflict with loved ones to foster a peaceful coexistence, ultimately empowering each individual within the family unit [35]. Thus, this research suggests that parents who maintain harmony and collaborate effectively in raising their children create an atmosphere of peace and joy within the family, especially benefiting the children who reside at home. 2.3.6. The Relationship between the Parents’ Cooperation and Awareness The impact of the parents' collaboration on the awareness variable stands at 0.06, translating to a six percent increase. This outcome suggests that as the cooperation among parents rises, so does the awareness variable, leading to a 6% boost in awareness levels. Sugiarti and Riana [36] noted that when parents maintain harmony in raising their children, they fulfill their respective rights and responsibilities. Parents who effectively collaborate foster an atmosphere of love, understanding, respect, and teamwork within the family, aiding both children and adults. Additionally, Farahmita, et al. [37] pointed out that familial cooperation enhances the consciousness and motivation of family members, particularly children, to promote harmony at home. In an environment where parents' relationships thrive, feelings of mutual support, love, appreciation, and acceptance flourish. This aligns with research conducted by Rivera [38] which found that parents' teamwork—focused on nurturing awareness and encouraging family members, especially during challenges—serves as a cornerstone for social interactions among family members [30]. While occasional disputes are natural, persistent conflict can lead to significant stress in relationships over time. It is essential to restore balance and learn productive conflict resolution strategies with loved ones, creating a peaceful setting that empowers all family members [39]. Parental collaboration in child-rearing signifies a shared commitment between both mother and father. This commitment encompasses agreement on fundamental parenting philosophies, mutual support, and respect for each other's beliefs, needs, strengths, and efforts [40]. Awareness among parents is crucial, including understanding appropriate child-rearing actions, fostering children’s aspirations, consistently providing positive advice, creating an encouraging environment, establishing beneficial habits through repetition, and offering praise as a form of reward [41]. This outcome indicates that parental cooperation within the family enhances children's awareness, promoting positive and supportive behaviors. Such behaviors become invaluable assets for children as they navigate society. 2.3.7. The Relationship between the Warm Interaction and Respecting Individual Differences The effect of the warm interaction variable on the variable of recognizing individual differences is measured at 0.18, translating to 18% when expressed as a percentage. This finding suggests that an increase in warm interaction correlates with a rise in respect for individual differences. Consequently, this leads to an 18% enhancement in the variable pertaining to acknowledging individual differences. Personality acts as a person's natural inclination to regulate thoughts and actions in daily situations. Moreover, the enhancement of a child's personality is closely tied to the nature of interactions between parents and children within the household. A nurturing family atmosphere establishes a perfect environment where positive interactions, gratitude, understanding, and care foster an opportunity for children to flourish and progress optimally [28]. Research conducted by Arnold and Lindner-Müller [42] revealed that when children demonstrate disruptive, angry, aggressive, irritable, and rebellious 1292 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate behaviors, they face challenges, exhibit aggression, struggle to socialize, and lack respect for their surroundings during their teenage years. Thus, effective parenting is crucial in shaping an ideal personality for children as they prepare for adult life. Possessing a solid personality enables children to perform well within the community [43]. Interaction refers to a reciprocal influence, attraction, request, and giving between individuals. These interactions exert psychological and social effects on children. The nature of interaction significantly impacts a child's development—encompassing physical, social, and emotional growth—aligned with the child’s developmental stage. Parent-child interaction serves as the method through which adults engage with children to provide guidance, direction, influence, and education, thus enabling children to mature and become self-reliant [44]. Therefore, the dynamics of parent-child interaction aim to foster independence and maturity in children. The warmth of interaction and communication between parents and their offspring, along with how parents interact with their teenagers, shapes the adolescent's attitudes. When maintained, these attitudes evolve into the character traits established within the child. Supportive family interactions cultivated by parents will instill in children a sense of appreciation for individual differences and the value of diversity [45]. This conclusion indicates that parental warmth within the family context is linked to the parents' capacity to foster mutual respect among family members. 2.3.8. The Relationship between the Warm Interaction and Peace The effect of the warm interaction variable on the peace variable is 0.10, translating to a percentage of 10%. This finding reveals that as the warm interaction variable increases, so does the peace variable. Hence, it leads to a 10% rise in the peace variable. The "International Handbook on Giftedness" published in 2009 noted that parental ego often diminishes in their offspring. Families characterized by affectionate parenting tend to foster a sense of peace. This warmth from parents is reflected in their non-violent methods of educating and nurturing their children, both physically and verbally. Children's mental and psychosocial growth is profoundly shaped by how their parents nurture them in a home environment. Their development is most beneficial when surrounded by a loving and harmonious family, allowing for the fulfillment of various needs, which in turn cultivates a sense of peace within them, as stated in "PARENTING: An Ecological Perspective, Second Edition." Children who receive affectionate care from their parents are likely to foster a peaceful atmosphere around them. Additionally, Robinson, et al. [46] emphasized that children who maintain strong relationships with loving parents evolve into resilient adults. This suggests that reduced conflict with parents contributes to a more robust personality in the child. Engaging in open dialogue among families is anticipated to be a foundation for educating their children on social interaction as they mature. The initiatives taken by parents to assist their children in growing through balanced and honest communication, alongside introducing them to religious teachings at an early age with the aim of instilling an understanding of right and wrong, and instructing children in honoring their parents, are vital. The family unit serves as the primary source of learning in developing a child's character [47]. The parenting methods and daily practices that are frequently observed will manifest in the traits of the child. Families or parents impart life experiences to their children, ensuring they acquire knowledge on how to behave in ways that foster tranquility and joy [48]. Drawing from the aforementioned explanation, this finding suggests that parental affection is significantly linked to the harmony fostered within the household. 2.3.9. The Relationship between the Warm Interaction and Awareness The effect of the warm interaction variable on the awareness variable is measured at 0.15, translating to a percentage of 15%. This finding suggests that as the level of warm interaction increases, so does the level of awareness. Consequently, this leads to a rise in awareness by 15%. From the moment of birth, parents or family represent the initial environment that shapes an individual, where the process of socialization begins for children. The social experiences children 1293 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate encounter within their families will eventually expand to the broader society [49]. The involvement of parents in their children's upbringing and development is reflected in the education they offer. Every parent aspires for their child to be healthy, smart, and innovative. As individuals, parents can certainly comprehend and appreciate their child's perspective. It is essential to recognize that parents serve as the primary educators who lay the groundwork for their child's mental growth. They must be attentive to the delicate matters their children might be facing [50]. If a discussion revolves around a child's personal matters, parents should opt for a private setting rather than a public location. The crucial aspect is that children internalize vital lessons in the form of values and life norms, which are essential for equipping them to confront life's challenges. If parents are open to discussing any topic with their children, then when their children experience confusion and seek someone to confide in, they will approach their parents for guidance instead of turning to other influences that may not be beneficial [51]. The signs of a joyful family are evident through the warmth exhibited in interactions among family members. A happy family serves as a source of inspiration, support, and motivation for the children growing within it [52]. In contrast, a warm family environment enhances children's awareness, enabling them to establish positive social connections. Therefore, the family, led by parents, constitutes the smallest community framework that can nurture social awareness in children. As noted by Vialle, et al. [23] parents who practice warmth in their parenting can cultivate a sense of mutual need among their children and other family members. This consciousness of shared needs fosters peace within the family unit. In light of the preceding information, we can draw the conclusion that the findings indicate that familial warmth cultivates awareness in children, fostering attitudes conducive to achieving harmony within the family. 2.3.10. The Relationship between the Respecting Individual Differences and Awareness The effect of individual differences in the respect variable on the awareness variable stands at 0.32, translating to 32%. This finding suggests that an increase in respect for individual differences correlates with an increase in awareness, awareness is enhanced by 32%. The environment where a child is socialized significantly influences their personality. An atmosphere that fosters appreciation encourages children to value differences in others as well [53]. Every person exhibits unique traits. These variations generally arise from two main sources: genetic factors and environmental influences. Genetic factors are the biological elements inherited from parents. Individual differences refer to the variations in capabilities and traits (such as cognitive skills, personality, physical abilities, etc.) among students of the same age and within specific groups [54]. Educational practices and activities can effectively accommodate the diverse needs of students. A stance of mutual respect toward differences embodies a respectful (tolerant) attitude toward all forms of variation, fostering harmony. The advantages of mutual respect, acknowledgment, and forgiveness are vital not only in communal contexts but also in personal relationships. This mindset aids children in becoming more compassionate individuals and enhances their capacity for understanding one another [55]. The family unit acts as a foundational social environment and is crucial in a child's development. How parents exemplify respect for their surroundings and others serves as a model for their children’s behavior [56]. When parents show respect toward their children, it cultivates the children’s awareness of respecting their environment. Valuing family members is part of character education, fostering self- awareness among family members for deeper engagement [32]. The conclusion drawn from this research is that honoring individual differences can enhance children's self-awareness regarding other individuals and their environments. 2.3.11. The Relationship between the Respecting Individual Differences and Peace The impact of the degree to which individual differences are respected on the peace variable is measured at 0.16, translating to 16% in percentage terms. This finding suggests that an increase in the respect for individual differences correlates with an elevated level of peace. Hence, it results in a 16% rise in the peace variable. 1294 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate The responsibility for children's personality development largely rests with the family, particularly the parents. To nurture character in children, families must provide examples set by parents. Parents serve as one of the key social influences and are fundamental role models for their children. Positive demonstrations from parents, such as honoring individual differences, foster a sense of tranquility within the family [5]. This aligns with findings by Mizal [57] which indicate that families or parents play a crucial role in shaping positive attitudes among children. This foundational development extends to broader settings, like the community. When parents guide their children towards character-building, they, in turn, cultivate goodness and peace within the family unit. Reciprocal respect, understanding, and forgiveness hold significance not just in society but also in our individual lives. Such a mindset promotes our ability to become better individuals and fosters a greater understanding among us. Each of us plays a vital part in sustaining harmony and peace within our social circles [2]. Thus, let's foster unity and togetherness by embracing respect, honoring differences, and practicing forgiveness. In today's world, these values have become increasingly crucial. By engaging with unfamiliar individuals regularly, we are better equipped to comprehend and navigate potential conflicts and disagreements that may arise [7]. Consequently, this outcome signifies that as parents enhance their capacity to foster respect for their surrounding environment, they simultaneously contribute to a more peaceful family atmosphere. 2.3.12. The Relationship between the Variables of Peace and Awareness The relationship between the peace variable and the awareness variable is measured at 0.30, translating to 30% in percentage terms. This finding suggests that an increase in the peace variable is associated with a corresponding rise in the awareness variable. Consequently, it leads to a 30% enhancement in awareness. Everyone naturally aspires to experience tranquility within their family life, correct? At times, individuals perceive peaceful living as a challenging endeavor. However, if one follows appropriate measures, positive outcomes can ensue. Achieving a peaceful family life is a significant aspiration for numerous individuals. The interactions between spouses play a crucial role in fostering serenity within the household. Let’s explore various methods that promote effective communication among family members. Actions and verbal expressions are pivotal elements of communication [58]. Ideal conduct within the family unit necessitates the family leader to embody wisdom in their demeanor. One illustration of this is the ability to cultivate peace within the home. Caregivers who succeed in establishing a harmonious environment can enhance their children’s understanding of appropriate behavior in their daily lives. Insights from research carried out by Sugiarti, et al. [2] revealed that familial peace can be assessed by how parents model positive actions. Parents who consistently aim for tranquility within the household do not exhibit authoritarian tendencies or dismissive attitudes toward their children or other family members. A peaceful family atmosphere encourages children to foster harmony in their external surroundings as well. Profound parental engagement plays a significant role in developing a child’s temperament and character, promoting peacefulness as well [59]. Thus, this conclusion underscores that familial peace fosters a sense of awareness among family members, particularly children, encouraging them to engage in behaviors aligned with the anticipated ethical standards. 2.3.13. The Relationship between the Variables of Peace and Respect for Individual Differences The impact of the peace variable on the variable of respecting personal differences stands at 0.16, translating to 16%. This outcome suggests a direct correlation, where an increase in peace correlates with an increase in the respect for individual differences. Hence, it results in a rise of 16% in the regard for distinguishing personal qualities. A harmonious living environment at home diminishes discord among family members. This leads to improved mental well-being for everyone involved. When families exist in a state of harmony, members are able to coexist peacefully and foster mutual understanding. The absence of harmony can lead to frequent arguments or conflicts. In such scenarios, life can become precarious, with family members 1295 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 3: 1284-1298, 2024 DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5485 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate vulnerable to external influences. Disunity can arise when there is a lack of togetherness. The peace nurtured by parents teaches children to value unique individual traits and to embrace diversity. Parents pursuing inner tranquility will endeavor to demonstrate a respectful attitude towards their children and all relatives within the home. A peaceful demeanor among parents assists children in recognizing and appreciating the differences in their environment. Therefore, comprehending the importance of a serene family life is crucial for parents. Offspring of parents who emphasize peace are likely to grow into individuals who shy away from discord or aggression. Such children are expected to uphold the ethical standards that are relevant to society. This aligns with the assertion by Salari and Jenaabadi [60] indicating that character education is a deliberate initiative aimed at helping individuals grasp, acknowledge, and enact ethical principles. Peaceful parents are positioned to effectively impart character education within the household. This study's results resonate with findings from Suhariadi, et al. [1] illustrating that a tranquil environment significantly benefits children’s growth by fostering character development. To instill positive values within the family, a nurturing setting—one that is both secure and peaceful—is essential. Hence, this conclusion indicates that the application of peaceful values can enhance children's recognition and respect for their immediate surroundings as family members. 3. Conclusion Parental guidance is believed to foster individuals with strong morals, aiding children in becoming valuable members of society. The influence of parental involvement is substantial in shaping children's character, which serves as a core element for their subsequent behavior in community life. Findings from this research reveal a significant relationship between parenting practices and the development of character in children. Parental involvement—which encompasses (1) collaboration, (2) acceptance, (3) affection, (4) tranquility, (5) esteem, and (6) consciousness—has been shown to effectively cultivate children's character through daily interactions. The character traits instilled in children at home form the essential groundwork for their adult lives in the broader community. Additionally, the research indicates that the character development of junior high school students in Semarang can be facilitated by parental guidance that emphasizes collaboration, acceptance, affection, tranquility, esteem, and consciousness as a demonstration of behavior. Transparency: The authors confirm that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study; that no vital features of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained. This study followed all ethical practices during writing. Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. 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