Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 8, 739-743 2025 Publisher: Learning Gate DOI: 10.55214/2576-8484.v9i8.9429 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate History: Received: 2 June 2025; Revised: 7 July 2025; Accepted: 10 July 2025; Published: 13 August 2025 * Correspondence: tarienteding@gmail.com Virtual reality-based learning digitization in disaster education for students in disaster-prone schools in Banggai district Almustar Enteding1*, Anang S. Otoluwa2, Mirawati Tongko3, Zulkifli B. Pomalango4, Fahrudin Lahay5, Mustakim La Dee6 1Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tompotika University Luwuk, Indonesia; tarienteding@gmail.com (A.E.) 2,3Faculty of Public Health, Tompotika University Luwuk, Indonesia; aotoluwa@gmail.com (A.S.O.) tongkomirha@gmail.com (M.T.) 4Faculty of Sports and Health, Gorontalo State University, Indonesia; zulkifli@ung.ac.id (Z.B.P.). 5Faculty of Engineering, Tompotika University of Luwuk, Indonesia; fahrudinfly4@gmail.com (F.L.) 6Faculty of Law, Tompotika University Luwuk, Indonesia; mldlawoffice756@gmail.com (M.L.D.) Abstract: Indonesia is a zone that has a high level of disaster potential because it is included in the ring of fire so that disaster events are at high risk which requires community preparedness to face all possible events. Banggai District of Central Sulawesi Province is a disaster-prone area based on GIS (Geogrpahycs Information System). In the last 5 years, Banggai Regency has been hit by earthquakes, hurricanes and floods with a distribution of disaster-prone areas scattered in 19 disaster-prone sub-districts with a total hazard area of 81,632 hectares. For this reason, disaster management programs are a priority for the local government. Disaster management can be done through disaster education intervention as early as possible in the school setting, but the learning process needs to be improved to be more innovative and effective, one of which is through the virtual reality-based Audio-Visual learning digitization method. The purpose of this research is to design learning innovations towards virtual reality-based digitalization in disaster education at the school level. This research uses the Mix Method approach. Keywords: Digitalization, Disaster, Education, Learning, Virtual Reality. 1. Introduction Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, is one of the areas with high disaster vulnerability. In the last 5 years, it has been hit by earthquakes, hurricanes and floods with a distribution of vulnerable areas. Some areas even have high potential for tsunami waves. A total of 19 high potential disaster areas has a total hazard area of 81,632 hectares. For this reason, disaster management is a priority program for the local government. One of the current trends learning media is based on Audio-Visual digital information technology which is then implemented in Virtual Reality (VR). Disaster education does not only provide limitations on increasing knowledge, but how to form attitudes and skills towards disaster preparedness. 2. Research Results This research began with the identification of disaster-prone locations in Banggai Regency, based on a joint study with the research team. Banggai Regency, is one of the Level II Regions in Barnes, et al. [1]. The capital city is Lillywhite and Wolbring [2]. The district has an area of 9,672.70 km² (data from Law No 51/1999), and a population of 376,808 people [3]. Banggai Regency is one of the [4] in Central Sulawesi that has abundant natural resource potential, both in the form of marine products [5-8] various crops [9-13] 740 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 8: 739-743, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/2576-8484.v9i8.9429 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate (copra, palm oil, cocoa, rice, cashew nuts and others) as well as mining products (nickel which is currently in the exploration stage) and gas (Matindok and Senoro Blocks). However, Banggai Regency is also a disaster-prone area, one of which is because it is located within a seismically active earthquake zone, where several micro tectonic plates create seismic activity in the Eastern[14] Indonesia region including Central Sulawesi and Banggai Regency itself. The highest seismic hazard occurs along [2] plate tectonic boundaries. According to the Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (DVMBG), areas with seismic activity trigger earthquake and tsunami activity. The following are disaster-prone areas based on the history of disasters during 2013-2023: Table 1. Disaster-prone areas based on disaster history from 2013-2023. No. Disaster-prone areas Types of Disasters that have occurred Year 1 All active fault points in Banggai Regency Earthquake 2010, 2016, 2018, 2022, 2023 2 Luwuk Flood Every year the rainy season 3 Batui Flood Every year the rainy season 4 Toili Flood + landslide Every year the rainy season 5 Masama Flood + landslide Every year the rainy season 6 Kintom Flood Every year the rainy season 7 Balantak Flood + Landslide Every year the rainy season 8 West Toili Hurricane Strong winds 2019 9 Mantouk Flood Every year the rainy season 10 East Luwuk Flood Every year the rainy season Banggai Regency has 23 sub-districts, and 10 of them are vulnerable to disaster activities, especially earthquakes, floods and landslides. When these events occur, hundreds of residents are displaced, affected by disease and disrupted activities due to road damage caused by erosion. In some areas, missing persons and fatalities were reported. Based on the data above, further identification of schools in disaster-prone areas is carried out. Table 2. Identification of schools in disaster-prone areas. No. Disaster-prone areas School Name 1 Kel. Luwuk SD Negeri 1 Luwuk 2 Kel. Batui SD Negeri 1 Batui 3 Kel Toil 1 SDN Inpres Toili 4 Kel Masama Tangeban Elementary School 5 Kel.Kintom SD Negeri 1 Kintom 6 Kel. Balantak SD Negeri 1 Balantak 7 Kel. Toili Barat SD Negeri 3 Tolbar 8 Kel. Mantouk SD Negeri 1 Mantouk 9 Kel. Luwuk Timur Hunduhon Public Elementary School 2.1. Design of Digital Virtual Reality-Based Learning Media in Disaster Education Design Disaster education in this study is shown not only to increase knowledge, but also how to form attitudes and skills towards disaster preparedness. So that this stage carries out a digitization-based design in learning media so that students can maximize the learning experience followed by visualization of disaster simulations and emergency response procedure efforts designed in a virtual reality-based learning media. In this case, the VR design is a set of 3D images and sounds that are computerized, so that they can represent real places or situations that make users seem to be in the virtual environment. The learning media design includes a learning video that contains content including: 1. The school map and the vulnerability and resource risk markings are shown below: 741 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 8: 739-743, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/2576-8484.v9i8.9429 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2. Early Warning System 3. Response Skills (SOP, Contingency Plan, simulation) and Provision of Disaster Supplies 4. Standard Operating Procedures Standard procedures for emergency response depend on the type of hazard, and should be tailored to the unique conditions of your environment. These procedures are organized around the following six basic emergency procedures: a. Evacuation (from) buildings b. Protection-in-place c. Self-locking d. Gather and Take Shelter Outside e. Evacuate to a Safe Place f. Safe Family Reunification Process 2.2. Expert Design Test Results Virtuall Reality-Based Disaster Education Learning. The content test method by providing an assessment by experts where this research uses four people, namely 1 person from the head of BASARNAS Kab. Banggai, 2 school principals, 1 IT expert, 1 student guardian. Table 3. Results of the Disaster Learning Digitalization Media Expert Test (n=5). Question Code SS S Neutral TS STS n % n % n % n % N % P1 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P2 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P3 4 80.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P4 4 80.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P5 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P6 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P7 4 80.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P8 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P9 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P10 5 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P11 4 80.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 P12 4 80.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Table 4. Digital Learning Media Expert Test Results. Indicator Category Good (%) Less Good (%) Content 90 10 Accuracy 90 10 Display (Visualization) 90 10 Ease of Use 90 10 Timeliness 90 10 The results of data analysis in the table above can be concluded that the Content/Content domain and accuracy, visualization, easy for use and timeliness on learning media obtained very good results (90% or without revision). After the expert test is carried out, then proceed with the trial or test of understanding the contents of the media to 10 elementary school students. This trial was conducted to see students' understanding of the content and use of language in disaster education media. 742 Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ISSN: 2576-8484 Vol. 9, No. 8: 739-743, 2025 DOI: 10.55214/2576-8484.v9i8.9429 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Learning Gate 2.3. Disaster Learning Digitization Media Content Test Results on School Student Workers (n=10) Table 5. Students' understanding of virtual reality media in disaster education Question Code SS S Neutral TS STS n % n % n % n % N % P1 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P2 8 80.0 2 20.0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P3 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P4 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P5 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P6 8 80.0 2 20.0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P7 8 80.0 2 20.0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P8 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P9 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P10 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P11 8 80.0 2 20.0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P12 10 100 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 The results of the analysis in the table above can be concluded that school students' understanding of the content and use of language in disaster learning media is in the very good category (without revision), namely between the average score >90%. 3. 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