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Volume 8 , Number 3, November 2023 

 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online) 

 

 

E-Module Development Based on Differentiation in Chemistry Subjects 
Class XI SMA Acids and Bases Solution Material 

 

Dwi Ita Agustina, Mustaji, Achmad Noor Fatirul  

Study Program School of Education Technology Postgraduate PGRI Adi Buana University, 
Surabaya 

dwita200881@gmail.com ,  mustaji@unesa.ac.id , anfatirul@gmail.com  
 

Accepted: 
August 14th 2023 

Reviewed: 
Sept 18th 2023 

Published: 
Nov 30th 2023 

 
Abstract 
Early study results on the educated participants class XII SMA Negeri 1 Kedungpring through 
interviews and observations shows that educated participant experience difficulty in understanding 
solution acids and bases material. It happens because the module used did not fill their different 
need in study. Survey result shows that the module desired by them is different namely text book, 
videos, simulations and pictures. This Study aims to develop e- modules based on differentiation 
in chemistry class XI SMA acids and bases solution material in order to fill the educated participant 
need in study.Study held at SMA Negeri 1 Kedungpring Lamongan. The Study is development 
study using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluation). Trial appropriateness 
product done with validation test by content expert, design expert, media experts and colleague. 
Furthermore validated E- module was tried out. The trial carried out in two stages namely trials _ 
group small (6 respondents) and trials group large (30 respondents). Data collection used are 
validation questionnaire and response questionnaire of educated participant. The data is in form of 
number then analyzed in a manner descriptive.Analysis results from material expert is 95.4 %, 
design expert is 92.9%, media experts is 94% and colleague is 96.9%. Based on material expert, 
design expert, media experts and colleague analysis, the e- module based on differentiation in 
chemistry class XI SMA acids and bases solution material is in very decent category to use. Trial 
results at little group is 94.5% meanwhile trials results at big group is 95.4%. Based on yield data 
trials the e-module based on differentiation in chemistry class XI SMA acids and bases solution 
material is in very decent category to use. 

 
Keywords: e - module, differentiation, acids and bases solution 

 

Introduction 

Chemistry is branch of knowledge studying composition and characteristic of material as 
well as the changes that they experience 1. Chemistry learns abstract and concrete things, hence 
educated participants often consider chemistry is one of tough subject. Based on initial survey 
results through interviews and observations , one of material considered difficult for the educated 
participants is acid bases consist of acid base theory, pH determination , and the reaction. The 

 
1Moore, John T. 2008. Kimia for Dummies. Klaten:Pakaraya 

mailto:dwita200881@gmail.com
mailto:mustaji@unesa.ac.id
mailto:anfatirul@gmail.com


 

  
 
  

Volume 8, Number 3,  November 2023| 395 

  

 

difficulty happens because the material difficult to understand and lacking of interesting teaching 
material. 

Teacher is important figure in the learning process. Correct choice in both learning teaching 
method and media influences in teaching learning process. The survey results of the analyses of 
needs of the participants at SMA Negeri 1 Kedungpring, 181 respondents consisting of 62.6% class 
XI and 37.4% class X, shows 63.5% vote on teaching materials in form of videos, 46.4% in form 
of simulation, 33.1 in form of picture as well as 19.9% of participants educate vote the teaching 
materials in the form of reading. The survey result shows that every participant has different 
interests. 

Considering the results of analysis, teachers can choose available teaching materials to fulfill 
the need of the students. That is why the teacher can choose differentiated learning teaching in 
which the content of the module should give learning process that focus on student and the student 
become subject not object of learning. 

According to Tomlinson,  at the class implementing differentiation learning, a teacher does 
consistent effort to respond the need of students. Differentiated Learning is the learning which 
focuses on characteristics of students and their potencies2. This approach notices on individual 
differences of students. Differentiation Learning is very important to be applied because everyone 
has own uniqueness. Learning process will go maximum if we are capable to optimize the potency 
existing in students. 

According to Tomlinson there are three aspects of students need namely students’ 
readiness, students’ interest, and students’ study profile. Students’ readiness is not about the level 
of intelligence but more about the information whether the knowledge or skills possessed by 
students recently is in line with new knowledge or skill will be taught so all the students are treated 
correctly. Students’ interest is a mental condition which produces response directed to the situation 
or certain object which is fun and gives self-satisfaction. Students’ profile (style) of learning refers 
to an approach or how the most preferred way for students in order to able to understand lesson 
well. 

Research conducted by Puspitasari  shows students’ response toward learning 
implementation where the students are very happy getting learning with different model using the 
book creator on the theme, the place, and time where we are3. 

To fulfill student need, teachers can develop module that uses digital technology namely 
electronic module or e- module. E- module is a medium which suitable applied to the students 
because they can use smartphones for learning. To increase students’ motivation, e- module can 
be made more interesting and interactive by adding images, videos, animations and simulations. 
The use of the E- module that presents a learning by combining text and images can display the 
examples of application acids and bases concept which equipped with material summary that can 
be used by students to understand acids and bases material as well as questions exercises to evaluate 
students’ ability in mastering the material that has learned . 

At the practical guide of e-module arrangement of Ministry of Education and Culture 
explained that module is learning material which is specially prepared  and designed systematically 
based on certain curriculum which is packaged to be a smallest learning unit (modular) that can be 

 
2 Tomlinson, C. A. (2001). How to Differentiate instruction in mixed-ability classrooms 2nd Ed). Alexandria, 

VA: ASCD. 
3 Puspitasari, V, Rufi’I, Waluyo, J. 2020. Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Dengan Model Diferensiasi 

Menggunakan Book Creator Untuk Pembelajaran Bipa Di Kelas Yang Memiliki Kemampuan Beragam. Jurnal 

Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Sains Indonesia (Vol 4 No 2 2020) 



 

  
 
  

Volume 8, Number 3,  November 2023| 396 

  

 

used by learner independently to reach certain learning purposes which has set4. The advantages of 
e- module according to Directorate SMA coaching is 1) improving students’ motivation because 
every time they do task, it will be restricted and appropriate with ability , 2) after doing evaluation 
, teachers and students know correctly , in which module they have had been successful and in 
which part of module they are not successful yet, 3) materials lesson divided more equally in one 
semester, 4) education is more empower because the material is arranged according to academic 
level, static presentation of the print out module can be changed into more interactive and dynamic 
, element of  verbalism that too high on the module can be reduced by serving visual elements using 
video tutorials. 

 

Method 

This study is kind of research and development type or Research and Development (R&D). 
According to Sugiyono  research and development method is method which has function for 
evaluating, developing and creating certain product. This Study develops e- modules based on 
differentiation in chemistry class XI SMA acids and bases material5. 

Stages of development of learning model design refer to development design of the ADDIE 
model. The ADDIE model consists of five steps, namely: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, 
(4) Implementation and (5) Evaluation6. 

Explanation from ADDIE stages can seen in the following table : 
Table 1: ADDIE stages 

 
Product validation feasibility test in this study is carried out by the experts involving material 

expert, learning design expert, media experts and colleague. Trial design is carried out in 2 stages 
namely small test group (6 respondents) and large group (30 respondents). Developmental test 

 
4 Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 2017. Panduan Praktis Penyusunan E-modul. Jakarta: Direktorat 

Pembinaan Sekolah Menegah Atas Dirjen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Kementerian Pendidikan dan 

Kebudayaan 
5 Sugiono. 2017. Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Bandung: Alfabeta 
6 Branch, Robert Maribe. Instructional Design The ADDIE Approach. London: Springer New York Dordrecht 

Heidelberg London 



 

  
 
  

Volume 8, Number 3,  November 2023| 397 

  

 

subjects of e- module based differentiation product is the students of SMA Negeri 1 Kedungpring 
class XI IPA TP 2022/2023. 

Data collection used validation questionnaire, teacher responses questionnaire and student 
response questionnaires. 

This study uses two data analysis techniques ie descriptive and quantitative analyses. 1) 
analysis of sheet data from study experts in form of qualitative data based on suggestions and 
feedback. This analyzed is in descriptive form and the results used for revision in refinement. 2) 
analysis of sheet data expert validation is in the form of quantitative data score, assessment obtained 
from results charging experts.  

The obtained percentage is based on calculation score according to Likert scale ( Riduwan 
, 2013) with information scale evaluation For validation expert ie "5" is very good value , "4" is 
good , “3” is enough good , "2" is worth No good , and "1" is very Absolutely not Good 
Table 2. Rating Scale Criteria 

Value Weight Category 

5 Very good 

4 Good 
3 Enough Good 

2 No Good 
1 Absolutely not Good 

 
From material expert validation, media experts , design experts and student respond, 

determined from sum from all point question . Amount each validator is changed as percentage 
. 

Suharsimi Arikunto (2013:285) explains For knowing ranking of final mark on item 
concerned , amount of the mark must be shared with amount of respondents who answered the 
questionnaire7. 

𝑃 =
∑𝑥

∑𝑥𝑖
× 100% 

Information 

𝑃  : Validation percentage 

∑𝑥 : Total the average score obtained  

∑𝑥𝑖 : Total maximum score obtained 
 

Obtained data is processed with rating- scale, obtained raw data is in form of number 
and then interpreted in qualitative understanding. The following is appropriateness category 
based on rating-scale. 

 
Table 3 Eligibility Level Criteria 

Percentage Category 

80 ≤ score ≤ 100 Very worth it 

60 ≤ score ≤ 80 worthy 

40 ≤ score ≤ 60 Enough worthy 

20 ≤ score ≤ 40 Not worth it 

 
7 Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2013. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta 



 

  
 
  

Volume 8, Number 3,  November 2023| 398 

  

 

0 ≤ score ≤ 20 No worthy 

 
( Adaptation from Arikunto: 2013) 

 
Results and Discussion 

 
Type research developed by researcher is development Study using the ADDIE model 

(Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluation). Developed product is an e- module based 
differentiation in chemistry class XI SMA acids and bases solution material”. 

Based on development study carried out, obtained results of study as following. 

Analysis  

A number of step done on this stage namely validation gap , determine instructional 
objective , educated participants analysis, available source audit, recommend of needs , and compile 
product management plan. 

Based on survey of data through questionnaire via google form was obtained results that 
participant need teaching materials in the form of e- modules. Various content interested by 
educated participant is in form reading material, videos, pictures, simulations and practice activities. 

 

Figure 1 Response participant educate about interesting teaching 
material 

Design  

After carrying out analysis stage, the next is planning. The procedure used in this stage are 
1) do task inventorisation , 2) compose objectives , and 3) generate a testing strategy . 

Module design describes the whole connection between part in the e- module. Module 
design is made to make easier the module manufacturing process and it works as guide in e- module 
creation. Existing E - module design made is like picture following . 



 

  
 
  

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Figure 2 Design based E-Module Differentiation 

 
. Material in the e- module is arranged from various reference. Material in form of document 

enclose pictures. For material in form of videos and simulations made in form of video outline 
script, materials in form of comic made in form of script comic. Pictures collected from personal 
document as well as look for sources on the internet and compiled use canva online application. 

Validation in the study is in form of questionnaire (check list) for design expert, media 
experts and material experts. On this stage, it was started with drafting grid questionnaire and 
arrangement questionnaire. Result of stage This is evaluation to aspect design, media and materials 
toward the quality exist in the e-module based on differentiation developed.  

Development  

Steps performed in development stages are 1) develop initial product, 2) select and develop 
supporting media, 3) develop response instruments of participant students , develop experts and 
colleagues validation instruments, 5) do revision and 6) trial run . 

E- module was developed using power point, canva and Ispring suite 10. For making 
picture design uses canva and for making content uses power point whereas For making 
competency test questions and discussion use quiz on Ispring suite 10 as well as self-evaluation uses 
interactions. Module was developed from existing design made before. As for the components of 
module started from page opener, page main, glossary, introduction, pages material, summary, 
evaluation and bibliography. 

The resulting e-module is in html 5 form, html link can be shared directly. On the research, 
researcher used supporting application that is format factory, for shrink video size, web to apk for 
changing html links to apk . Apk easily shared through whatsapp or email and easy to be installed 
on the participant's smartphone. The APKs can be accessed by participant by offline. Video format 
was created in youtube link to reduce APK size. Videos can be seen by participant by online.  

Instrument of validation was developed from existing grid made. Instrument was 
developed by media experts, design experts, material expert and colleague. 

Implementation  

Big trials group is the stage of implementation of the e- module which was conducted on 
30 participants at SMA Negeri 1 Kedungpring Class XI. 
 



 

  
 
  

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Evaluation  
After doing trials evaluation to know the quality of developed product namely e- module 

based differentiation in chemistry class XI SMA acid bases solution material, the evaluation was 
done from the results of validation of material expert, design expert, media experts , and colleague 
responses as well as results of testing on participants. 

Evaluation results is in the form of quantitative data and translated with qualitative 
description. Data from evaluation will be shown on the data analysis stage. 

Analysis and Discussion 

The results of beginning development in the form of draft 1 is carried out eligibility testing. 
Appropriateness of development product was seen from validation results. Validation covers 
material aspect, design and media aspect. The validity of the e- module high school chemistry based 
differentiation was developed and defined from percentage of score obtained from charging 
questionnaire with Likert scale. Percentage of validation results was counted using formula. 

Based on exposure of evaluation results from material expert from questionnaire contains 
22 items instruments using scale linkert with highest mark 5 and lowest 1. The results of calculation 
of validation from material expert each aspect can be seen in the following table. 

 
Table 4. Material Expert Validation Results for Each Aspect 

No Aspects assessed _ Earned Score 

1 Content Eligibility 33 

2 Appropriateness Presentation 19 

3 Language 34 

4 Differentiation 19 

Amount score obtained _ 105 

Amount maximum 110 

Percentage 95.4 

Category Very worth it 

 
Amount of score of acquisition of validation results from material expert is 105 of score a 

maximum of 110, then after doing the calculation percentage gain validation is 95.4%. After 
converted with feasibility scale in Table 3.3, the e- module included as very decent qualification. 

Based on exposure results of evaluation from design expert, the validation calculation 
results from design expert each aspect can be seen in the following table. 

 
Table 5 Design Expert Validation Results for Each Aspect 

No Aspects assessed _ Earned Score 

1 Appearance screen 39 

2 Consistency 20 

3 Graphics 51 

4 Presentation 20 

Amount score obtained _ 130 

Amount maximum 140 

Percentage 92.9 

Category Very worth it 

 



 

  
 
  

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Amount score acquisition of validation results from design expert is 130 of score a 
maximum of 140, then the validation calculation percentage gain is 92.9%. Percentage converted 
feasibility scale in Table 3.3, e- module includes in very decent qualification. 

Based on exposure evaluation results from media expert as listed in Table 4.6, it can be 
determined percentage e- module achievement level. Questionnaire contains 20 items of 
instrument using linkert scale with highest mark 5 and lowest 1. 

Calculation of validation results result from media experts each aspect can be seen in the 
table following. 

 
Table 6 Media Expert Validation Results for Each Aspect 

No Aspects assessed _ Earned Score 

1 Technology 52 

2 Appearance 27 

3 Benefits 15 

Amount score obtained _ 94 

Amount maximum 100 

Percentage 92.9 

Category Very worth it 

 
Amount score acquisition of validation results from media expert is 94 of score a maximum 

of 100, validation calculation percentage gain is 94 %. Percentage after converted with feasibility 
scale in Table 3.3, e- module included in very decent qualification. 

As for comments from material expert, design expert is presented in table 7 
 

Table 7 Suggestions and Validator Comments on E-Module  

Validators Comment 

Material validators E- module Already worthy use 

Design Validator Media already innovative and worthy used without revision 

Media Validators Developed e - module worthy used as a research instrument thesis (S2) 

 
Based on exposure results evaluation from response data Friend colleague a total of 3 

people, as listed Table 3, then can specify percentage level e-module achievement. Calculation 
results validation Friend colleague each aspect can seen in the table following . 

 
Table 8 Validation Results Friend Colleagues on Each Aspect 

No Aspects assessed _ Earned Score 

  R1 R2 R3 

1 Content Eligibility 50 49 49 

2 Language 20 19 19 

3 Benefits 43 45 44 

4 Graphics 27 28 28 

Amount score obtained _ 145 146 145 

Average score 145.3 

Amount maximum 150 

Average percentage 96.9 



 

  
 
  

Volume 8, Number 3,  November 2023| 402 

  

 

Category Very worth it 

 
Average gain is 145.3 with score max 150, validation calculation percentage of average gain 

is 96.9%. Percentage after converted with feasibility scale in Table 3, e- module included in very 
decent qualification. 

As for comments from Friend Colleagues is presented in table 9 
 

Table 9 Suggestions and Friend Colleagues Comments on E-Module  

Validator Komentar 

Responden 
1 

This e-module is very good, close to perfect, hopefully it will be useful to 
make it easier for students to learn chemistry 

Responden 
2 

This e-module is very innovative because it provides material in the form of 
readings, videos, pictures and simulations. 
His suggestion is that the material in comic form be enlarged because the 
writing is too small. 

Responden 
3 

The development of this E-module inspired me because it makes it easier for 
students to find references. 
Hopefully soon a similar module will be made in other chemicals 

 
 

On the rubric comments and suggestions, one colleague suggested improvement in letters 
size on comics so revision of the module draft 1 was done. Hence that revision of the module 
become drafts 2. 

The results of calculation of student response in the small group test can be seen in the 
following table. 

 
Table 10 Test Results Small Group 

No Aspect Earned Score 

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 

1 Presentation 19 18 18 19 19 19 

2 Material 37 37 38 39 38 38 

3 Language 15 14 14 15 15 15 

4 Benefit 22 22 22 25 25 25 

Amount score obtained _ 92 91 92 98 97 97 

Average score 94.5 

Maximum score 100 

Percentage  94.5 % 

Category Very worth it 

Average score on small trials group consist of 6 people is 94 with score maximum 100. 
After doing calculation, validation acquisition percentage is 94.5%.  

As for comments from small group is presented in table 11 
 
 

Table 9 Suggestions and Small Group Comments on E-Module  



 

  
 
  

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Responden Komentar 

Learner 1 Actually the whole is good, easy to understand, interesting. However, in 
some parts it is still monotonous, such as a white background and there are 
still some that lack pictures 

Learner 2 Overall the application (material) is quite complete and easy as a learning 
medium. However, in my opinion, the appearance of the menus on the 
main page can be linked or given an acid and base icon. 

Learner 3 Material points are made of different colors so you don't get bored quickly. 

Learner 4 In writing the material may be given a more diverse color so as not to get 
bored quickly 

Learner 5 All parts of the application are good, interesting and easy to understand. To 
make the appearance as attractive as possible 

Learner 6 The color menu page is made more attractive. Icons can be given 

 
 
Based on data on suggestions and comments, there are a number of suggestion from 

participant need to be noticed that is repairing menu design color in order to avoid monotone as 
well as adding icons to e- module. So that it was done e- module repairing as draft 3. 

. Calculation results of big trials group can be seen in the following table. 
 

Table 10 Test Results Group Big 

No Aspect Average Score 

1 Presentation 141.5 

2 Material 141.9 

3 Language 144.7 

4 Benefit 144.6 

Average score 143,1 

Amount maximum 150 

Percentage  95.4 

Category Very worth it 

 
average number on big trials group is 95.4 of score a maximum of 100. After doing 

calculation, the percentage of validation gain is 95.4%. Percentage converted feasibility scale in 
Table 3.3, e- module included in very decent qualification. 

The result of big trial group is the ending of the results of the study. The ending result is 
also results of product evaluation. The whole evaluation of product appropriateness can be seen in 
the following table. 

 
Table 11 Evaluation Results e-Module Validation and Testing 

Stages Subject Percentage (%) 

Eligibility 
Level 

Qualification 
 

Material Expert 
Validation 

1 senior teacher 95.4 Very worth it 



 

  
 
  

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Design Expert 
Validation 

1 Lecturer 92.9 Very worth it 

Media Expert Validation 1 Lecturer 94.0 Very worth it 

Friends Test colleague 3 Master 96.9 Very worth it 

Trials Small Group 6 Participants 
educate 

94.5 Very worth it 

Trials Group Big 30 Participants 
educate 

95.4 Very worth it 

 

Revision Product 

. Revision of development research product, e-module development based-differentiation 
acid bases material, was done 2 (two) times, as following: 

Revision I is revision after validation expert . Validation results from material expert, design 
expert and media experts, there is no revision. But any suggestions given by colleague related size 
comic letter. The following picture is revision draft 1. 

           
Before    After 
 

Figure 3 Result of Revision I 
 
Revision II is revision based on suggestion and feedback from participant on small trials 

group. Some suggestions and input are changing color and giving icons on the material menu . 
Revision II result is presented in the following table . 

 
Table 12 Results of Revision II 

N
o 

Revisi
on 

Before After 
    



 

  
 
  

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1.  Main 
menu 
display 

  

3 Materi
al 
menu 
display 
form 
animat
ion 

  

2.  Appea
rance 
materi
al 
menu 
page 

  

4 on 
matter 
readin
g only 
writing 

  
 

The final product is results of development of e-module based differentiation acids and 
bases solution material. E- module will be used in supporting acids and bases material learning. 
The following is study of final product of the e- module. 

 
Table 4.13 Final Product Review 

N
o. 

Page Picture Informatio
n 

N0
. 

Page Picture Informatio
n 

1 Openin
g Page 

 

Opening 
page is page 
consist of 
title of e- 
module and 
contained 
knob start, 
circle with 
arrow 
usually used 
as hint 
icons and 
buttons 
indicated 
exit with 
the power 
symbol. 

9 Material 
Comic 

 

This material 
is 
appropriate  
for students 
who like 
visual 
display 



 

  
 
  

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2 Instruct
ions 
page 

 

Instructions 
page is 
containing 
instruction 
of using e-
module. 
Instructions 
page  
clarifies 
existing 
icon 
function in 
the e- 
module . 

10 Competenc
y Test 

 

Each sub-
subject 
consist of 
competency 
test to 
measure the 
student’s 
ability 

3 Main 
page 

 

main page 
contain 
about the 
menus:  
preface , 
glossary , 
introductio
n , material , 
summary , 
evaluation , 
bibliograph
y and 
developer 
profile 

11 Key 
answers 
and 
discussion 

 

Answers and 
discussion 
provided for 
student in 
order to 
study more 

4 Material 

 

this page is 
the main 
content of 
the e- 
module . 
On the 
page,  there 
are four 
main 
material 
discussed in 
the e- 
module . 

12 Evaluation 
Self 

 

Self-
evaluation 
can be found 
in each sub- 
topic of 
discussion . 



 

  
 
  

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5 Material 
menu 

 

Every 
material 
shows 
menu page 
that 
contains 
objective of 
learning , 
material in 
form of 
texts / 
readings , 
videos, 
simulations 
, comics , 
competency 
tests , 
discussions 
and self-
assessments
. 

13 Summary 

 

Summary 
contains  
material 
summary 
from all part 
of acids and 
bases 
solution 
material 

6 Material 
in form 
reading 

 

This 
material is 
appropriate  
for students 
who like 
reading 

14 Evaluation 
Page 

 

Evaluation 
page is page 
used to 
measure the 
ability of 
students in 
mastering e- 
module . In 
this page, 
there is key 
answer to 
know the 
correct 
answer of 
the 
evaluation 

7 Material 
in video 
form 

 

This 
material is 
appropriate  
for students 
who like 
watching 
and 
listening 

15 Bibliograph
y 

 

this page 
contain of 
book and 
other 
libraries that 
play a role in 
e- module 
developmen
t . 



 

  
 
  

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8 Material 
simulati
on 

 

This 
material is 
appropriate  
for students 
who like 
trying 
(learning by 
doing) 

16 Profile 
Developer 

 

Profile page 
contain of 
profile of 
developer of 
e- module 
based 
difference in 
acids and 
bases 
solution 
material 

 
 

Conclusion 

Based on research results and data analysis, the conclusions is as following: 
1. Based on results of material, design, and media appropriateness trials, e- module based 

difference in acids and bases solution material is very worthy to used. 
2. Based on colleague response, e- module based difference in acids and bases solution 

material is very worthy to used. 
3. Based on participant response of both from small trial group and big trials group show e- 

module based differentiation in acids and bases solution material is very worthy to used 
 

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