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Volume 9 , Number 1, May 2024 

 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online) 

 

  

Literary Analysis of Inter-Multidisciplinary Understanding of 

Islam: Nature, Objectives, and Impacts 
 

Dimas Afditiya Ramadhan, M. Nasor, Rini Setiawati 

Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung 

Afditiya.dimas@gmail.com  

 

Accepted: 
Jan 14th 2024 

Reviewed: 
April 18th 2024 

Published: 
May 28th 2024 

 

Abstract  
The inter/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam represents a comprehensive and inclusive 
approach to comprehending the religion in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. 
This study delves into the nature, objectives, and impacts of this approach, aiming to provide a 
holistic perspective on how Islam can be understood through the integration of various academic 
disciplines. The primary objectives of this approach include introducing religious values, enhancing 
the understanding of social and cultural contexts, and formulating solutions for contemporary 
issues. The study also seeks to illustrate how an inter/multidisciplinary perspective contributes to 
promoting intercultural tolerance and fostering deeper critical thinking. This paper employs a 
literary analysis method, synthesizing insights from disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, 
economics, and political science to develop a more nuanced understanding of Islam. The analysis 
draws from a wide range of academic literature and case studies. The findings reveal that an 
inter/multidisciplinary approach to understanding Islam offers profound insights and broad 
objectives that extend beyond traditional religious knowledge. This approach enables a 
comprehensive understanding of Islam within a broader context, addressing contemporary 
challenges such as social justice, cultural tolerance, and global interconnectedness. The study 
concludes that an inter/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam is a crucial instrument for 
individuals to become active agents of change, playing a vital role in shaping a tolerant, just, and 
harmonious society. This approach is essential for creating inclusive and equitable societies, 
bridging the gap between tradition and contemporary realities, and building a world that respects 
diversity, promotes peace, and realizes justice. Therefore, this approach brings extraordinary 
positive impacts in addressing the challenges of our time. 
 
 Keywords: Islam, Interdisciplinary, Nature, Objectives, Impacts, Multidisciplinary, Social Justice, 

Cultural Tolerance, Critical Thinking 

 

 By Authors 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International 
License. 

 

 

 

 

mailto:Afditiya.dimas@gmail.com
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 41 

 

  

Introduction 

Understanding Islam in the contemporary context presents an increasingly complex 

challenge. As one of the world's major religions, with followers spread across the globe, Islam 

influences various aspects of human life, from personal values to public policy 1. However, to 

achieve a comprehensive understanding of Islam, it is essential to engage with diverse perspectives 

and integrate multiple disciplines 2. The inter/multidisciplinary approach is a relevant and 

beneficial response to the complexity of Islam in today's world 3. This approach integrates various 

disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, economics, political science, law, and others to 

provide a more holistic view of Islam 4. It is not only about understanding the religion itself but 

also about how Islam influences everyday life, society, and global dynamics 5. 

This paper explores the nature, objectives, and impacts of studying Islam through an 

inter/multidisciplinary lens. To fully grasp the complexity of Islam, we must break down the 

barriers between different disciplines. The theory of interdisciplinarity, which underpins this 

approach, emphasizes the integration of social sciences, humanities, economics, politics, and 

history, among others, to embrace the complexity of Islam 6. This allows for a more comprehensive 

understanding that goes beyond a single perspective, involving cooperation across various fields 7.  

Furthermore, hermeneutics, as a theory of interpretation, plays a critical role in understanding 

Islam in this interdisciplinary context 8. Hermeneutics emphasizes the importance of interpreting 

religious texts, such as the Quran and Hadith, within their social, cultural, and historical contexts, 

helping to analyze how interpretations of Islam can vary across different societies and eras 9. 

 
1 Richard C Martin, “John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path (New York and Oxford: Oxford University 

Press, 1988). Pp. 238.,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, no. 2 (1991): 238–241, 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800056075. 

2 Muhammad Ainun Najib and Ahmad Khoirul Fata, “Islam Wasatiyah Dan Kontestasi Wacana Moderatisme 
Islam Di Indonesia,” Jurnal THEOLOGIA (2020); G Anggadwita et al., “Empowering Islamic Boarding Schools by 
Applying the Humane Entrepreneurship Approach: The Case of Indonesia,” International Journal of Entrepreneurial 
Behaviour and Research 27, no. 6 (2021): 1580–1604. 

3 Bahar Davary, “Book Review: The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary,” Horizons 43 (2016): 
397–401; Abdullah Saeed, Human Rights and Islam: An Introduction to Key Debates between Islamic Law and International 
Human Rights Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018). 

4 Buyung Syukron, “The Contextualization of Islamic Education: Reformulation the Essence and Urgency in 
the Islamic Educators in Information Transformation Era,” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam (2017); Wael Hallaq, “Restating 
Orientalism” (Columbia University Press, 2018), http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/hall18762. 

5 Umi Wasilatul Firdausiyah, “Biografi Nabi Muhammad SAW Dalam Sejarah Perspektif Karen Armstrong,” 
Jurnal Ulunnuha (2020); Oliver Leaman, “Introduction,” History of Islamic Philosophy (Routledge, 2020), 
http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003070733-1. 

6 L A Zoellner et al., “Reaching the Unreached: Bridging Islam and Science to Treat the Mental Wounds of 
War,” Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (2021), https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
85108176906&doi=10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.599293&partnerID=40&md5=90867e518f9ddfe1873d51f88a9bf243; 
Alwi Alatas, Hassan Suleiman, and Sofiah Samsudin, “Nomadic and Sedentary Life in the Time of Prophet 
Muhammad,” Journal of Al-Tamaddun (2020). 

7 Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, “The Social Construction of Reality,” in Social Theory Re-Wired 
(Routledge, 2023), 92–101. 

8 Farida Rukan Salikun, “Paradigma Baru Hermeneutika Kontemporer Paul Ricoeur,” Hermeneutik 9, no. 1 
(2015): 161–184. 

9 F Sadeghian et al., “Road Traffic Injuries and Associated Mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran,” Eastern 
Mediterranean Health Journal 29, no. 10 (2023): 796–803, https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
85176389628&doi=10.26719%2Femhj.23.104&partnerID=40&md5=8759a03df3e06136a7cdb4b27068fb02. 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 42 

 

  

Sociology of religion is another relevant theory within this framework. It enables us to 

understand how religion influences society and, conversely, how society influences religious 

understanding and practice 10. This approach allows for the exploration of the social impacts of 

Islam and how religious values interact with the social realities of different communities 11. Other 

theories, such as those from economics, politics, and human rights, further enrich this 

interdisciplinary approach by providing insights into how Islamic values influence economic 

practices, political structures, and human rights issues within Muslim societies 12. 

All these theories come together to form an inclusive and comprehensive framework for 

understanding Islam through an inter/multidisciplinary approach. By integrating these diverse 

perspectives and disciplines, we can approach Islam from various angles, addressing cultural 

diversity and exploring how the religion impacts contemporary society and the world at large 13. 

This paper aims to delve deeper into the nature of this interdisciplinary approach to 

understanding Islam, including its objectives. These objectives encompass the introduction of 

religious values, a better understanding of social and cultural contexts, and the ability to formulate 

solutions to complex contemporary issues 14. Additionally, we will discuss the positive impacts that 

arise from studying Islam through an inter/multidisciplinary lens, such as a deeper understanding 

of the religion, contributions to peace and social justice, and the capacity to formulate more 

effective policies in an increasingly connected society 15. 

Through a more profound understanding of Islam from an inter/multidisciplinary 

perspective, we can create a more inclusive, meaningful, and sustainable world. In this complex 

contemporary context, a more holistic understanding of Islam will be key to achieving peace, 

tolerance, and justice in societies that are increasingly diverse and globally interconnected (Asad, 

2016). 

 

Method 

This study adopts a qualitative descriptive research design to explore the interdisciplinary 

and multidisciplinary understanding of Islam, focusing on its nature, objectives, and impacts in 

 
10 Erica Michelle Learson, “Civic and Religious Education in Manado, Indonesia: Ethical Deliberation About 

Plural Coexistence,” Sustainability (Switzerland) (2019); A Emmerich, “Masks, Mosques and Lockdowns: Islamic 
Organisations Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany,” Entangled Religions 12, no. 3 (2021), 
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
85149784619&doi=10.46586%2Fer.12.2021.8900&partnerID=40&md5=8186316c6dfd51d78bbe355370953714. 

11 S A Ragozina, “From ‘Islam Observed’ to ‘Discursive Tradition’: On the key concepts of western 
anthropology of Islam,” Etnograficeskoe Obozrenie 2020, no. 4 (2020): 167–185, 
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099911166&doi=10.31857%2FS086954150010840-
4&partnerID=40&md5=2bdeed58354ffb65d601a6be1def2bc2. 

12 Abdullah Sahin, “Critical Issues in Islamic Education Studies: Rethinking Islamic and Western Liberal 
Secular Values of Education,” Religions (2018). 

13 M Rezaei and M Mohammadi, “An Historical and Archaeological Approach to the Islamic Site of Anda-
jin,” Journal of Archaeological Studies 12, no. 1 (2020): 139–159, https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
85150630152&doi=10.22059%2Fjarcs.2020.261673.142595&partnerID=40&md5=ca742076e18c68fd7d7918c819b
c7303; Julia D a Y Howell, “And the Indonesian Sufism Islamic Revival,” The Journal of Asian Studies (2014). 

14 Ovamir Anjum, “Islam as a Discursive Tradition: Talal Asad and His Interlocutors,” Comparative Studies of 
South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2007). 

15 J L Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path (Oxford University Press, n.d.). 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 43 

 

  

various aspects of life. The methodology is anchored in an inter/multidisciplinary approach, which 

integrates insights from various academic disciplines including religious studies, social sciences, 

humanities, economics, political science, and law. 

 

Research Design 

The qualitative descriptive design is chosen for its ability to provide a comprehensive and 

in-depth understanding of complex phenomena, such as the interdisciplinary study of Islam. This 

approach allows for a nuanced exploration of the themes and patterns that emerge from the data, 

offering insights into the broader context of Islamic studies and its interdisciplinary applications. 

 

Data Collection 

The research relies on secondary data sources, including a wide range of classical and 

contemporary literature. These sources encompass books, peer-reviewed journal articles, reports, 

and academic papers that discuss the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to 

understanding Islam. The literature review is exhaustive, focusing on materials published between 

2015 and 2024 to ensure the inclusion of the most recent and relevant studies. 

 

Data Sources 

The primary sources of data include: 

1. Academic Journals: Peer-reviewed articles from reputable journals such as Islamic Studies, 

Journal of Islamic Thought, and International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and 

Management. 

2. Books: Key texts by scholars in the fields of Islamic studies, sociology, economics, political 

science, and law, including works by prominent authors like John L. Esposito, Tariq Ramadan, 

and Wael B. Hallaq. 

3. Reports: Relevant reports from international organizations, such as the United Nations and 

the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, which provide context and data on the socio-

economic and political impacts of Islamic teachings. 

 

 

 

 

Data Analysis 

The data collected through literature review is analyzed using content analysis. This method 

allows for the identification of key themes, concepts, and categories that emerge from the 

literature. The content analysis is conducted systematically, with the following steps: 

1. Data Familiarization: Reading and re-reading the collected literature to gain a thorough 

understanding of the content. 

2. Coding: Identifying and coding key themes and concepts related to the interdisciplinary 

and multidisciplinary understanding of Islam. 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 44 

 

  

3. Theme Development: Grouping related codes into broader themes that reflect the 

objectives and impacts of the interdisciplinary approach to Islamic studies. 

4. Interpretation: Analyzing the themes to draw insights and conclusions about the nature of 

Islam as understood through an interdisciplinary lens. 

 

Research Results and Discussion 

Interdisciplinary/Multidisciplinary Approaches in Understanding Islam 

The analysis conducted in this study highlights the significant contribution of an 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach to understanding Islam, particularly in addressing the 

complexities and dynamics of contemporary society. Understanding Islam cannot be confined to 

a single disciplinary perspective; rather, it necessitates a comprehensive approach to fully explore 

its essence. Scholars such as Fazlur Rahman, an influential Islamic thinker, advocate for a holistic 

understanding of Islam that integrates various perspectives from different fields of study. 

Fazlur Rahman16 emphasizes that a comprehensive understanding of Islam must incorporate 

theological, philosophical, social, and historical dimensions. The 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach adopted in this study aligns with Rahman's vision of 

uniting various disciplines to achieve a more holistic comprehension of Islam. By drawing from 

literature across multiple fields, the study demonstrates how contributions from each discipline 

can form a comprehensive view of Islam. 

This approach is further supported by the interdisciplinary concepts of scholars such as 

Edward Said, who emphasizes the importance of incorporating social sciences, humanities, and 

history in understanding religion and culture, including Islam. The analysis presented in this study 

shows that by fostering dialogue between different fields, we can avoid oversimplification and 

stereotypes about Islam, leading to a more accurate and contextual understanding. 

Moreover, the inclusion of John L. Esposito's work in Islamic studies reinforces the 

argument that integrating social sciences, humanities, and history is crucial for a comprehensive 

understanding of Islam. Esposito highlights the importance of contextualizing and historicizing 

religious texts and practices to avoid static or isolated interpretations of Islam. 

These scholarly perspectives collectively support the validity of an 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach in understanding Islam. Integrating various fields of 

study provides a robust framework for addressing the complexities and diversity of Islamic thought 

in the modern context. 

In addition to Rahman, Said, and Esposito, other scholars have contributed to the strength 

of this approach. Karen Armstrong, for example, argues that an interdisciplinary perspective 

enables a more nuanced understanding of Islam's cultural and epistemological diversity. This 

approach facilitates the translation and articulation of Islamic principles in ways that are accessible 

and relevant to diverse audiences. 

 
16 Humaira Ahmad, “Mapping Neo-Modern and Postmodern Qur’ānic Reformist Discourse in the Intellectual 

Legacy of Fazlur Rahman and Mohammed Arkoun,” Religions (2023); Moh. Alwy Amru Gozali, “MORALITAS 
QUR’ANI PERSPEKTIF FAZLUR RAHMAN,” Proceeding of the 1st Conference on Strengthening Islamic Studies in Digital 
Era (FICOSIS) (2021); Sibawaihi, “Epistemologizing the Islamic Concept of Resurrection in the Hereafter: A 
Comparative Study between Al-Ghazālī and Fazlur Rahman,” Afkar (2022). 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 45 

 

  

Professor Abdolkarim Soroush, a sociologist of religion, further strengthens this analysis by 

emphasizing that a multidisciplinary understanding of Islam allows for the evaluation and 

adaptation of traditional practices in a modern context. This ensures that Islam remains relevant 

and beneficial in addressing global challenges. 

The analysis of these scholars indicates that an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach 

to understanding Islam is not only relevant but essential for responding to the complex and 

dynamic challenges of modern Islamic studies. This approach opens avenues for dynamic 

integration between Islam and modern knowledge, leading to more holistic and effective thought 

and policy. 

 

Objectives of Interdisciplinary/Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies 

An in-depth analysis of the interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach in understanding 

Islam reveals significant insights into the positive impacts and relevance of this approach in 

contemporary Islamic studies. The study successfully identifies several key points that illustrate the 

benefits and relevance of this approach. 

First, the study highlights the ability of the interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach to 

address the complexities and dynamics of modern life. By involving various disciplines, this 

approach enables a more contextual and relevant understanding of Islam. This provides a 

foundation for addressing the actual challenges and questions faced by Muslims in their daily lives. 

Second, the study emphasizes that this approach not only integrates religion and science but 

also empowers the spiritual and ethical dimensions of Islam. The analysis illustrates how the 

involvement of philosophy, psychology, and ethics helps in understanding and applying Islamic 

moral values in various life contexts, creating a holistic framework that aligns with global ethical 

developments. 

Third, the results show that the interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach stimulates 

critical and creative thinking. The study highlights that students or participants involved in this 

approach tend to become more critical thinkers, capable of connecting concepts across disciplines, 

and generating innovative solutions. 

Finally, the study concludes that this approach opens opportunities for integration and 

harmonization between Islam and modern life contexts. The understanding formed through 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary studies creates a foundation for bridging the gap between 

traditional values and contemporary demands. This fosters a more inclusive and open 

understanding of Islam, which is adaptable to the diversity of modern life. 

Overall, the study emphasizes that the interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach in 

Islamic studies is not merely a method of integrating various fields of knowledge but also a 

perspective that can shape more holistic and contextually appropriate characters and policies in a 

global context. 

 

Positive Impacts of Interdisciplinary/Multidisciplinary Understanding of Islam 

This research reveals significant positive impacts of an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary 

understanding of Islam, paving the way for integrating Islamic concepts with modern knowledge. 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 46 

 

  

Various scholars have highlighted the importance of this approach, offering inspiring and relevant 

perspectives. 

Professor John L. Esposito, an expert in Islamic studies at Georgetown University, asserts 

that an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam provides a comprehensive and 

in-depth perspective. He argues that the integration of religious studies, science, and humanities 

creates a space to embrace the complexity and richness of Islamic teachings in a modern context. 

Islamic historian Karen Armstrong emphasizes that an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary 

approach allows for a more open understanding of Islam towards cultural and epistemological 

differences. Through the synergy of various disciplines, Islam can be translated and articulated in 

ways that are accessible and comprehensible to different societal layers. 

Sociologist Abdolkarim Soroush strengthens this analysis by pointing out that a 

multidisciplinary understanding of Islam offers an opportunity to evaluate and adjust traditional 

practices within a modern context. This ensures the relevance and utility of Islam in addressing 

global challenges. 

The results of the study affirm that the positive impacts of an 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam include the richness of perspectives, 

openness to diversity, and the ability to adapt to changing times. By involving various disciplines, 

as acknowledged by scholars like Esposito, Armstrong, and Soroush, the approach facilitates a 

dynamic and inclusive interpretation of Islamic teachings in the context of modern life. 

The positive impacts of an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam are 

significant across various aspects of life and in the increasingly complex context of the 

contemporary world. These impacts include: 

1. Facilitation of Interfaith Tolerance and Dialogue: One of the main positive impacts is the 

promotion of interfaith tolerance and constructive dialogue. An 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam allows individuals to develop a 

deeper understanding of other religions and reduces prejudice. This promotes mutual 

understanding and cross-cultural cooperation, which is crucial in an increasingly connected 

world. 

2. Contribution to Social Justice: An interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of 

Islam can also enhance the role of Islam in advocating for social justice. By understanding 

how religious values can be translated into tangible actions in society, individuals can 

contribute to addressing economic inequalities, social injustices, and other societal issues. 

This creates opportunities for building a more just and equitable society. 

3. Development of Better Policies: An interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of 

Islam also impacts the development of better policies at the national and international 

levels. Individuals with a deeper understanding of Islam can contribute to formulating 

more effective and equitable policies, particularly on issues such as peace, climate change, 

and human rights. 

4. Role in Creating Social Harmony: In multicultural and multi-faith societies, an 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam can help create social harmony. 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 47 

 

  

Individuals who understand Islam within a broader context can play a role in building 

positive interfaith relationships and mitigating religious conflicts. 

5. Empowerment of Communities: A holistic understanding of Islam also provides tools for 

individuals and communities to better understand their roles in society. This can advance 

community self-sufficiency and empowerment, particularly in areas such as education, 

health, and economic development. 

In conclusion, an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam is not just about 

knowledge but also about contributing positively to building a more tolerant, just, and harmonious 

society. This approach enriches individuals with knowledge of Islam and helps them become active 

agents of change in society. The positive impacts of a deeper understanding of Islam play a crucial 

role in addressing the increasingly complex global challenges in the contemporary world. 

 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam embodies a 

profound essence and broad objectives. This approach extends beyond mere religious knowledge, 

aiming to comprehend Islam within a wider context that is relevant to contemporary challenges. 

With goals centered on promoting tolerance, social justice, and interfaith harmony, the 

interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam has significant positive impacts. 

These impacts include the ability to build bridges across cultures, contribute to positive social 

change, participate in the formulation of more effective policies, and address complex global 

challenges. A deeper understanding of Islam empowers individuals to become active agents of 

change, playing a crucial role in constructing a more tolerant, just, and harmonious society. 

In an increasingly connected and complex world, an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary 

approach to understanding Islam is a vital instrument for creating a more inclusive and equitable 

society. This approach allows us to bridge the gap between tradition and contemporary reality, 

fostering a better world that respects diversity, promotes peace, and upholds justice. Therefore, 

the interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary understanding of Islam holds extraordinary positive 

potential in facing the challenges of our time. 

 

 

. 

 

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Schools by Applying the Humane Entrepreneurship Approach: The Case of Indonesia.” 
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Anjum, Ovamir. “Islam as a Discursive Tradition: Talal Asad and His Interlocutors.” Comparative 
Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2007). 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 48 

 

  

Berger, Peter, and Thomas Luckmann. “The Social Construction of Reality.” In Social Theory Re-
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Davary, Bahar. “Book Review: The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary.” Horizons 
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85099911166&doi=10.31857%2FS086954150010840-
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Volume 9, Number 1,  May 2024| 49 

 

  

Salikun, Farida Rukan. “Paradigma Baru Hermeneutika Kontemporer Paul Ricoeur.” Hermeneutik 
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Urgency in the Islamic Educators in Information Transformation Era.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 
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85108176906&doi=10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.599293&partnerID=40&md5=90867e518f9ddf
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