







































 
 

  
 
  

 
EDUCATIO : Journal Of Education 

Volume 9 , Number 3, November 2024 
 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online) 

 

  

Enhancing nutritional support for Zimbabwe HIV-positive rural 

learners with albinism during El Niño-induced drought: School 

Development Committee role 
 

Munyaradzi Chidarikire1,  Songile Mhlanga2  
1 Department of Curriculum Studies, Faculty of Education, Great Zimbabwe University,  

Zimbabwe 
2 Department of Applied Psychology; Faculty of Social Science; Midlands State University; 

Zimbabwe 

mchidas78@gmail.com, songilemhlanga@gmail.com  

 

Accepted: 
Sept 28th 2024 

Reviewed: 
Oct 18th 2024 

Published: 
Nov 30th 2024 

 

Abstract  
This qualitative study examines the role of School Development Committees in enhancing nutritional 
support for HIV-positive rural learners with albinism during El Niño-induced droughts in Zimbabwe. 
Using a purposive sampling approach, 18 participants were selected to ensure diverse representation, 
including parents, NGO representatives, village heads, social workers, government officials, church leaders, 
and teachers. Learners were excluded from participation to uphold ethical standards protecting minors. 
Data collection involved a three-hour focus group discussion, fostering open dialogue in participants' 
preferred language. Thematic analysis revealed important insights into the need for targeted nutritional 
programs and the significance of multi-sectoral partnerships. Findings highlight the critical capacity of 
School Development Committees to mobilize community resources and promote collaboration, ultimately 
improving educational outcomes and well-being for HIV-positive learners with albinism. A key finding of 
the study is that School Development Committees are instrumental in mobilizing local resources and 
facilitating collaboration among various stakeholders, which is vital for creating supportive educational 
environments for HIV-positive learners with albinism. It is recommended that educational authorities 
enhance the effectiveness of School Development Committees by providing targeted training and 
resources, enabling them to better address the nutritional and educational needs of vulnerable learners 
during drought conditions. 

   
Keywords: Albinism; Drought; HIV-positive; Nutrition; Zimbabwe. 

 

 By Authors 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International 

License. 

 

Introduction 

In Zimbabwe, community participation in education is guided by the establishment of 

Statutory Instruments (SI), notably SI 87 of 1992 and SI 379 of 1998. These instruments mandate 

the formation of School Development Committees (SDCs) in non-government schools and 

School Development Associations (SDAs) in government schools. SDCs are tasked with 

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mobilizing resources aimed at improving school environments and supporting the welfare of both 

teachers and learners 1. Through these committees, local communities are empowered to actively 

contribute to the educational development of their schools, aligning their efforts with the broader 

educational policies set by the government2. This regulatory framework underscores the 

importance of community involvement in addressing educational challenges in Zimbabwe. 

One of the significant challenges in Zimbabwe is the intersection of HIV/AIDS, albinism, 

and climate-induced crises, particularly in rural areas. HIV-positive individuals face severe health 

challenges, while those with albinism experience additional vulnerabilities due to social stigma and 

environmental exposure 3. The El Niño phenomenon further exacerbates food insecurity and 

malnutrition, particularly in rural communities reliant on agriculture 4. HIV prevalence in 

Zimbabwe remains a public health concern, with an adult rate of 12.7% (Zimbabwe National 

Statistics Agency, 2020), which complicates the academic performance of affected learners due to 

health-related absenteeism and social stigma 5. Learners with albinism face health risks such as skin 

cancer and vision impairment, which are compounded by societal misconceptions 6 and a lack of 

protective measures against sun exposure 7. Furthermore, the food insecurity caused by El Niño-

induced droughts has detrimental effects on these vulnerable populations, further aggravating their 

health and educational outcomes (World Food Programme, 2021). 

The role of SDCs in addressing these challenges cannot be understated. By mobilizing 

resources and engaging local communities, SDCs can play a pivotal role in enhancing the 

nutritional support for HIV-positive learners with albinism during climate crises. Research has 

shown that community engagement in educational settings leads to improved nutritional 

programs, especially for vulnerable groups 8. However, despite the growing recognition of SDCs' 

importance, there remains a significant gap in understanding how these committees can effectively 

mitigate the nutritional challenges faced by HIV-positive learners with albinism during droughts. 

This study aims to fill this gap by examining the mechanisms through which SDCs can enhance 

nutritional support for these marginalized groups in the context of climate-induced crises, 

specifically El Niño droughts. 

 
1 Munyaradzi Dzvimbo and Kelvin Zhanda, “Policy-Making Prospects and Challenges of the Climate Change 

and the Urban Energy Sector in Zimbabwe,” Journal of Urban Systems and Innovations for Resilience in Zimbabwe-JUSIRZ 2, 
no. 1 (2020): 203–222. 

2 Munyaradzi Chidarikire and Dipane Joseph Hlalele, “School Development Committees: A Vehicle for 
Sustainable Inclusive Education in Zimbabwean Rural Primary Schools,” Journal of Educational Studies 21, no. 2 (2022): 
164–186. 

3 Dzvimbo and Zhanda, “Policy-Making Prospects and Challenges of the Climate Change and the Urban 
Energy Sector in Zimbabwe.” 

4 Munyaradzi Chidarikire, “The Impact of El-Nino-Induced Drought on Rural Learners Afflicted with 
HIV/AIDS: A Study on Poverty in Zimbabwe.,” e-BANGI Journal 21, no. 3 (2024). 

5 Tinashe Fradreck Mavezera, Annah Dudu, and Tawanda Majoko, “21st Century Teacher Professional 
Development for Effective Implementation of Inclusive Education,” in Handbook of Research on Inclusive and Accessible 
Education (IGI Global, 2024), 359–375. 

6 Severino Machingambi, “Analysis of Decolonisation of Higher Education in a New South African 
University,” African Perspectives of Research in Teaching and Learning 4 (2020): 32–45. 

7 Elvis Imafidon, “Some Epistemological Issues in the Othering of Persons with Albinism in Africa,” 
Handbook of African philosophy of difference (2020): 361–378. 

8 Pfuurai Chimbunde, “Deconstruction of Higher Education Curriculum in Zimbabwe: Breaking the Past 
and Imagining the Future,” African Identities 22, no. 4 (2024): 1144–1158. 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 3, November 2024| 172 

 

  

Nutritional support is critical for HIV-positive individuals, as proper nutrition is essential 

for maintaining immune function and ensuring the efficacy of HIV treatment (United Nations 

Population Fund, 2024). Malnutrition can worsen the health outcomes of HIV-positive 

individuals, leading to higher morbidity and mortality (U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services, 2020). In Zimbabwe, rural HIV-positive learners with albinism face compounded 

difficulties due to limited access to nutritious food, worsened by the stigma surrounding their 

condition and the impact of climate change. The El Niño phenomenon, which has resulted in 

severe droughts in Zimbabwe, further amplifies food insecurity and malnutrition rates, particularly 

among vulnerable populations 9. 

In addition to the challenges posed by HIV, individuals with albinism face unique health 

risks. In South Africa, public health campaigns emphasizing the importance of sun protection and 

skin care for individuals with albinism have been shown to mitigate some of these risks 10. 

However, in Zimbabwe, limited access to healthcare, societal stigma, and a lack of protective 

measures exacerbate the vulnerability of learners with albinism 11. These learners also face 

nutritional challenges, as adequate nutrition is critical for maintaining their health, particularly for 

those living with HIV. 

The role of SDCs in improving educational outcomes and community support is widely 

recognized. In Zimbabwe, SDCs are tasked with enhancing school management and fostering 

community involvement in the education process 12. Similar community-driven initiatives in 

countries like South Africa and Nigeria have demonstrated the potential of local partnerships in 

improving nutritional support and educational outcomes for vulnerable learners 13. These findings 

highlight the potential for SDCs in Zimbabwe to adopt strategies that can address the dual 

challenges of HIV and albinism during climate-induced crises, leveraging local knowledge and 

resources to provide essential nutritional support. 

Despite existing research on the challenges faced by HIV-positive individuals and those 

with albinism, there is a notable gap in understanding how SDCs in Zimbabwe can effectively 

implement nutritional support programs tailored to these populations during periods of drought. 

This research seeks to address this gap by exploring how SDCs can mobilize resources to improve 

the nutritional status of rural learners with albinism living with HIV during El Niño-induced 

droughts. 

 
9 Chidarikire, “The Impact of El-Nino-Induced Drought on Rural Learners Afflicted with HIV/AIDS: A 

Study on Poverty in Zimbabwe.” 
10 Bekithemba Dube, “Rural Online Learning in the Context of COVID 19 in South Africa: Evoking an 

Inclusive Education Approach,” Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research (2020). 
11 Machingambi, “Analysis of Decolonisation of Higher Education in a New South African University.” 
12 Chidarikire and Hlalele, “School Development Committees: A Vehicle for Sustainable Inclusive Education 

in Zimbabwean Rural Primary Schools.” 
13 Adebunmi Y Aina and Keshni Bipath, “Reimagining Systems That Support Early Childhood Development 

Centres in Offering Quality Education,” Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 18, no. 1 (2022): 1–8; 
Julius Ajayi Eyitayo, “Exploring the Nature, and Teachers’ Understanding, of the National Curriculum Statement 
(NCS, Grades R – 12): Navigating the Changing Landscape of Science Education Through the Curriculum Assessment 
and Policy Statement (CAPS) in Post-Apartheid South Afri,” Complexity and Simplicity in Science Education (Springer 
International Publishing, 2021), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79084-4_2. 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 3, November 2024| 173 

 

  

This study is significant for several stakeholders, including learners, teachers, School 

Development Committees (SDCs), rural communities, and the broader government. For learners 

with albinism and HIV, this research aims to improve their health outcomes through enhanced 

nutritional support, which can lead to better academic performance and overall well-being. SDCs 

will gain insights into how to mobilize resources effectively and foster community engagement, 

strengthening their capacity to address local needs. Teachers will benefit from a deeper 

understanding of the challenges faced by their students, enabling them to provide more empathetic 

and tailored support. On a broader scale, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education can 

utilize the findings to inform policy development and resource allocation, ensuring that vulnerable 

populations are prioritized in educational strategies. Ultimately, the study seeks to contribute to a 

more inclusive and supportive educational environment for learners with albinism in Zimbabwe, 

offering a comprehensive strategy to address the intertwined challenges of HIV, albinism, and 

climate-induced food insecurity. 

 

Method 

This qualitative study utilized a purposive sampling method to select 18 participants, 

ensuring a diverse representation based on gender, location, and relevant expertise concerning the 

enhancement of nutritional support for HIV-positive learners with albinism in rural Zimbabwe 

during an El Niño-induced drought. The sample included four parents of learners with HIV and 

AIDS (two males and two females), two representatives from non-governmental organizations 

(NGOs) working with these learners, two village heads (one male and one female), two social 

workers (one male and one female), two officials from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary 

Education (one male and one female), two police Child Victim and Friendly officials, two church 

leaders (one male and one female), two members of the School Development Committees (one 

male and one female), and two teachers (one male and one female). This diverse composition was 

deliberately chosen to capture a broad range of perspectives and insights related to the nutritional 

and educational needs of these vulnerable learners 14. Learners with HIV and AIDS were excluded 

from the study due to ethical concerns regarding their age and the sensitive nature of the research 

topic, in line with ethical guidelines aimed at protecting vulnerable populations, especially minors 
15.  

By focusing on adult stakeholders, the study aimed to gather in-depth insights that could 

inform strategies to support these learners while preserving their dignity and privacy 16. Data 

collection was conducted through a focus group discussion, held for three hours on a Friday, 

chosen for its capacity to foster rich discussions and allow participants to share their viewpoints 

 
14 Craig Mather et al., “COVID-19 Adaptations for Biomedical Teaching and Assessment within the 

Undergraduate Dental Curriculum,” in Biomedical Visualisation: Volume 14‒COVID-19 Technology and Visualisation 
Adaptations for Biomedical Teaching (Springer, 2022), 43–54. 

15 Gloria Ori Eke and Anthony Njoku, “African Women in Search of Global Identity: An Exploration of 
Feminism and Afropolitanism in Chimamanda Adichie’s Works,” Journal of Gender and Power 13, no. 1 (2020): 151–169. 

16 Manoranjan Mishra et al., “An Overview of Research on Natural Resources and Indigenous Communities: 
A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Scopus Database (1979–2020),” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193, no. 2 
(2021). 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 3, November 2024| 174 

 

  

in a dynamic environment. Focus groups are particularly effective in qualitative research as they 

facilitate interaction among participants, encouraging the exchange of ideas and leading to a deeper 

understanding of complex issues 17.  

To ensure comfort and openness, the discussion was conducted in the participants' preferred 

language 18. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, following the framework by 

Braun and Clarke 19. The process involved multiple stages, including familiarization with the data, 

coding, and identifying emerging themes from the participants' discussions. This iterative analysis 

ensured that the themes accurately reflected the experiences and insights of the participants. The 

thematic analysis method is widely recognized for its flexibility and rigor in qualitative research, 

enabling nuanced interpretations of complex social phenomena. By employing purposive 

sampling, focus group discussions, and thematic analysis, this study aimed to generate actionable 

insights that could inform the development of targeted nutritional programs and improve the 

educational outcomes for HIV-positive learners with albinism, ultimately contributing to their 

well-being and academic success 20. 

 

Results and Discussion 

The responses from participants reveal that School Development Committees (SDCs) play 

an essential role in addressing the nutritional challenges faced by HIV-positive rural learners with 

albinism in Zimbabwe, particularly during times of crisis such as El Niño-induced droughts. 

Ms. Ndoro (Female Teacher) emphasizes the importance of SDCs in identifying vulnerable 

learners and organizing food donations from local farmers and NGOs. However, she points out 

that the lack of training on the specific nutritional needs of HIV-positive learners with albinism 

limits their effectiveness. This highlights the need for better capacity building within committees, 

including training in understanding the unique dietary requirements of children with albinism, as 

well as forming stronger partnerships with local health workers 21. Studies have shown that 

integrating local health expertise with community initiatives can significantly improve nutritional 

outcomes for marginalized groups 22. 

Mrs. Chirwa (Female SDC Member) underscores the challenge of sourcing food during 

droughts and suggests that more community participation and resource mobilization are necessary. 

Her call for involving local businesses and educating the community about the importance of 

 
17 Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion, and Keith Morrison, “Research Methods in Education (Eight Edition),” 

Abingdon, Oxon (2018). 
18 Mag Gardner et al., “Engage Secondary Students Because the Future Depends on It.” (2021). 
19 Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke, “Reflecting on Reflexive Thematic Analysis,” Qualitative Research in 

Sport, Exercise and Health 11, no. 4 (2019): 589–597, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2159676x.2019.1628806. 
20 Rowell Ubogu, “The Role of Teacher Education in Improving Quality Education for a Functional Society,” 

Journal of Educational and Social Research (2020); V Z Vanduhe et al., “Students’ Evidential Increase in Learning Using 
Gamified Learning Environment,” in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 880, 2019, 1109–1122, 
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055906112&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-030-02686-
8_82&partnerID=40&md5=79353c0aa3139041cde5c64eca1a7e38. 

21 Cevat Giray Aksoy, Barry Eichengreen, and Orkun Saka, “The Political Scar of Epidemics,” NBER 
Working Paper, no. w27401 (2020). 

22 Dominic Pasura and Daniel Makina, “Contemporary African Migration: An Introduction,” in Routledge 
Handbook of Contemporary African Migration (Routledge, 2023), 1–20. 



 
 

  
 
  

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supporting vulnerable children is aligned with findings from recent research, which suggests that 

community engagement and private sector involvement can enhance the sustainability of 

nutritional support programs 23. Additionally, collaborative efforts with NGOs, as advocated by 

Ms. Jani (Female NGO Official), are key to addressing these gaps. NGOs can provide vital training 

and resources, and regular assessments of learners' specific needs are crucial to adjusting nutritional 

strategies in real time 24. This collaborative, holistic approach ensures that no child is left behind 

and that nutritional support is tailored to the unique challenges faced by children with albinism. 

Mrs. Mutsvangwa (Female Village Head) further advocates for SDC empowerment 

through training and resource provision, coupled with community awareness campaigns to 

highlight the importance of supporting children with albinism. This view aligns with research that 

stresses the importance of community-based awareness programs in ensuring that marginalized 

groups, like children with albinism, receive the necessary support during times of crisis 25. The 

integration of awareness campaigns can foster a culture of inclusion and care, ensuring that the 

most vulnerable are not neglected in public health efforts 26. 

Officer Moyo (Male Victim-Friendly Police Officer) also suggests creating a reporting 

mechanism to allow teachers and parents to communicate concerns regarding nutritional support, 

emphasizing the need for continuous feedback loops. This solution echoes the findings of studies 

that emphasize the value of transparent communication channels in improving the effectiveness 

of community interventions 27. 

Pastor Zulu (Male Pastor) recognizes the potential of churches in complementing the 

efforts of SDCs by providing resources and volunteers. He emphasizes the importance of a clear 

plan for collaboration between churches and SDCs, which can foster more coordinated support. 

This approach reflects the broader principle that inter-organizational collaboration can amplify the 

effectiveness of public health initiatives 28. 

Finally, Mr. Chigwedere (Male Parent) calls for greater parental involvement in the SDCs, 

suggesting regular meetings for parents to stay informed and actively participate in solving their 

children's nutritional problems. Parental involvement is crucial, as it ensures that the voices and 

perspectives of families are integrated into decision-making processes, which can improve the 

sustainability and relevance of nutritional support programs 29. 

 
23 Mavezera, Dudu, and Majoko, “21st Century Teacher Professional Development for Effective 

Implementation of Inclusive Education.” 
24 Fernando Reimers et al., “Supporting the Continuation of Teaching and Learning during the COVID-19 

Pandemic” (2020): 1–38. 
25 Segun Johnson Showande and Iretomiwa Faith Ikuomola, “Pharmacists’ Involvement with and Pharmacy 

Clients’ Awareness of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Nigeria–a Mixed-Methods Approach,” Journal of 
Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 13, no. 4 (2022): 276–288. 

26 Reimers et al., “Supporting the Continuation of Teaching and Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” 
27 Rob Jones, “The Student Experience of Undergraduate Students: Towards a Conceptual Framework,” 

Journal of Further and Higher Education (2018). 
28 Chidarikire and Hlalele, “School Development Committees: A Vehicle for Sustainable Inclusive Education 

in Zimbabwean Rural Primary Schools.” 
29 Leeann Mahlo and Tim D Windsor, “Older and More Mindful? Age Differences in Mindfulness 

Components and Well-Being,” Aging & Mental Health 25, no. 7 (2021): 1320–1331. 



 
 

  
 
  

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The oral narrations reveal a collective recognition of the critical role that School 

Development Committees (SDCs) play in addressing the nutritional needs of HIV-positive rural 

learners with albinism. However, challenges such as resource limitations, lack of specialized 

knowledge, and insufficient community involvement hinder the effectiveness of these committees. 

A more integrated, community-driven approach that involves local businesses, churches, NGOs, 

and parents—coupled with training, awareness, and regular feedback mechanisms—can 

significantly improve the nutritional support provided to these vulnerable children. This multi-

pronged strategy is essential for addressing the complex nutritional challenges faced by HIV-

positive learners with albinism in Zimbabwe. 

 

 

Discussion 

The narratives from participants reveal significant insights into the nutritional challenges 

faced by HIV-positive rural learners with albinism in Zimbabwe, particularly during the El Niño-

induced drought conditions. These insights are discussed below, framed within the context of 

Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and the broader literature. 

 

Nutritional Challenges Faced by HIV-Positive Rural Learners with Albinism 

The findings illustrate the multifaceted challenges faced by HIV-positive rural learners with 

albinism, particularly during drought conditions. According to Mr. Chirwa, the drought severely 

limits food availability and variety, which is particularly problematic for learners with albinism who 

require balanced nutrition to support their immune systems. This resonates with existing literature, 

which emphasizes that individuals with albinism are more vulnerable to health complications, 

particularly skin cancers, due to their sensitivity to sunlight 30. As noted by Mr. Chirwa, the scarcity 

of food and the need for a specialized diet often lead to malnutrition, making these children more 

susceptible to infections and other health issues 31. 

The narratives also reflect how the drought exacerbates social and familial challenges. Mrs. 

Moyo highlights the difficulty families face in providing sufficient nutrition for their children with 

albinism. This directly impacts their health and school attendance, as children often miss school 

due to illness. . 

Further, Mr. Ndlovu emphasizes the prioritization of food for able-bodied family 

members, leaving children with albinism vulnerable. This observation echoes findings from 

Etiyebo and Omiegde 32, who reported that children with disabilities, including those with 

albinism, are more likely to suffer from malnutrition, particularly in times of crisis. Mr. Banda, an 

NGO official, stresses the need for targeted nutritional programs that cater to the specific needs 

of HIV-positive learners with albinism. This call for more tailored interventions aligns with recent 

 
30 Francis Benyah, “Pentecostalism, Media and the Politics of Homosexuality in Contemporary Ghana,” 

African Journal of Gender and Religion 25, no. 1 (2019). 
31 Chibike Amucheazi and Chidebe Nwankwo, “Remodelling Data Protection and Intellectual Property 

Rights in Nigeria: A Stitch in Time Perspective,” AJLHR 7 (2023): 7. 
32 Edwin Etieyibo, “The ‘Two Democracies’ and Africa’s Burden,” African Studies 79, no. 4 (2020): 444–462. 



 
 

  
 
  

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research advocating for inclusive health and nutrition strategies to address the unique needs of 

vulnerable populations 33. 

In addition to nutritional challenges, participants like Officer Tembo and Pastor Moyo 

point out the compounded effects of stigma and bullying faced by children with albinism. Such 

social challenges exacerbate health issues and make it even more difficult for these children to 

access the support they need. This is in line with Ikuomola 34, who discusses how social stigma can 

lead to further marginalization and health deterioration. Community support and inclusive 

environments are vital to mitigating these challenges, as emphasized by Reimer-Kirkam et al.35. 

Mrs. Chikanga’s perspective as a mother also highlights the emotional toll that food 

insecurity takes on caregivers, which is consistent with findings from Mahlo et al. 36 that show the 

psychological strain placed on families caring for children with albinism during times of scarcity. 

The emotional and mental health aspects of food insecurity, therefore, need to be addressed 

alongside physical health interventions. 

The research results suggest that HIV-positive learners with albinism face compounded 

nutritional and social challenges during droughts. These challenges are exacerbated by limited 

access to food, stigma, and insufficient community support. To address these challenges, targeted 

interventions that account for the specific nutritional and emotional needs of these children are 

crucial. 

 

School Development Committees and Nutritional Support 

The second theme focuses on the role of School Development Committees (SDCs) in 

facilitating nutritional support for HIV-positive rural learners with albinism. Responses from 

participants indicate that SDCs play a crucial role in organizing food donations and feeding 

programs, but several challenges remain. 

Ms. Ndoro emphasizes the importance of SDCs in identifying vulnerable learners and 

organizing food donations from local farmers and NGOs. However, she also calls for better 

training for committee members to understand the specific nutritional needs of HIV-positive 

learners with albinism. This resonates with Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem level, where individual 

knowledge and skills directly influence children's well-being 37. Mrs. Chirwa, another committee 

member, highlights the need for increased resources and community participation to ensure the 

success of feeding programs. This reflects a common finding in the literature, where community 

engagement is recognized as a critical factor in the sustainability of nutritional support programs 
38. 

 
33 Pasura and Makina, “Contemporary African Migration: An Introduction.” 
34 Showande and Ikuomola, “Pharmacists’ Involvement with and Pharmacy Clients’ Awareness of Adverse 

Drug Reaction Reporting in Nigeria–a Mixed-Methods Approach.” 
35 Everett Reimer, School Is Dead (Penguin Books Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, 1971). 
36 Mahlo and Windsor, “Older and More Mindful? Age Differences in Mindfulness Components and Well-

Being.” 
37 Hamufare Dumisani Mugauri et al., “Exploring HIV Testing Models for Differentiated Service Delivery 

in Southern Africa: A Systematic Review,” Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics (2023). 
38 Chidarikire and Hlalele, “School Development Committees: A Vehicle for Sustainable Inclusive Education 

in Zimbabwean Rural Primary Schools.” 



 
 

  
 
  

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Further, Mrs. Mutsvangwa suggests that empowering SDCs with better training and 

resources could significantly enhance their effectiveness. This aligns with the recommendations of 

Ologunju et al. 39, who argue that comprehensive training programs are essential for improving the 

capacity of local committees to address specific nutritional needs. Ms. Jani, an NGO official, 

advocates for collaboration between NGOs and SDCs to provide training, resources, and regular 

assessments of learners’ nutritional needs. This partnership model has been shown to improve the 

efficacy of health and nutrition programs 40. 

Officer Moyo highlights the importance of establishing a reporting mechanism to facilitate 

communication between teachers, parents, and SDCs. This would help identify gaps and improve 

the coordination of nutritional support, ensuring that children with albinism receive the help they 

need. Such mechanisms are crucial for creating responsive and adaptive support systems, as 

suggested by Majoko & Dudu 41, who stress the importance of monitoring and evaluation in 

community health interventions. 

Finally, Pastor Zulu underscores the potential for collaboration between churches and 

SDCs, leveraging church resources and volunteers to enhance nutritional support. This approach 

reflects a broader community health model that encourages collective action and resource-sharing, 

a strategy that has been effective in addressing public health crises 42. 

SDCs play a vital role in supporting HIV-positive learners with albinism, but their 

effectiveness is hindered by a lack of resources, training, and community engagement. 

Empowering SDCs through better training, resource allocation, and collaboration with NGOs and 

local organizations can enhance their ability to provide adequate nutritional support. Community-

based approaches that involve all stakeholders, including schools, NGOs, churches, and families, 

are essential for addressing the nutritional needs of vulnerable learners. 

Both the nutritional challenges and the role of SDCs in addressing these challenges 

underscore the complex, multifaceted nature of food insecurity faced by HIV-positive learners 

with albinism in rural Zimbabwe. The findings reveal the need for tailored, inclusive approaches 

that consider not only the nutritional but also the social and emotional needs of these children. By 

applying Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, we can see how individual, community, and 

societal factors must be addressed in unison to ensure equitable access to nutrition and support 

for vulnerable learners. 

 

Conclusion 

The research underscores the pressing nutritional challenges faced by HIV-positive rural 

learners with albinism in Zimbabwe, especially during periods of El Niño-induced drought. These 

 
39 Bola Fajemirokun, “Critical Issues Arising from Litigating HIV/AIDS Discrimination in Nigeria,” 

International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 21, no. 4 (2021): 313–327. 
40 Munyaradzi Chidarikire and Munyaradzi Saruchera, “Exploring Multifaceted Impacts of El Niño Driven 

Drought on Child-Headed Rural Learners’ Well-Being in Drought-Prone Chivi, Zimbabwe,” Interdisciplinary Journal of 
Rural and Community Studies 6 (2024): 1–13. 

41 Mavezera, Dudu, and Majoko, “21st Century Teacher Professional Development for Effective 
Implementation of Inclusive Education.” 

42 Chidarikire and Hlalele, “School Development Committees: A Vehicle for Sustainable Inclusive Education 
in Zimbabwean Rural Primary Schools.” 



 
 

  
 
  

Volume 9, Number 3, November 2024| 179 

 

  

learners are severely impacted by food insecurity, as the drought disrupts local agriculture, leading 

to reduced crop yields and rising food prices. This situation exacerbates the difficulties for already 

vulnerable populations, particularly learners with albinism who have specific dietary requirements 

to manage their heightened sensitivity to sun exposure and other related health issues. The lack of 

access to these essential nutrients puts these learners at a further disadvantage, perpetuating a cycle 

of malnutrition that affects their physical health, cognitive development, and overall educational 

performance. 

In addition to these immediate challenges, the role of School Development Committees 

(SDCs) in providing nutritional support is pivotal but requires substantial enhancement. While 

SDCs are crucial in ensuring meals are provided and in promoting awareness of nutritional needs, 

there is a significant gap in their capacity to address the unique needs of HIV-positive learners 

with albinism. The findings highlight the necessity for increased training and capacity building 

among SDC members. By equipping SDC members with deeper knowledge of nutrition and 

health, particularly in relation to albinism and HIV, these committees can better support the 

learners' health and educational outcomes. 

The implications of this research are far-reaching for both the field of education and public 

health. The study points to the urgent need for a multi-faceted approach to nutritional support, 

one that not only addresses general food security issues but also considers the specific health and 

dietary needs of vulnerable learners. Future research should explore targeted interventions that can 

provide sustainable solutions to the nutrition challenges faced by these learners, particularly in the 

context of climate change. Additionally, there is potential for policy changes at the national level 

to ensure that educational institutions and SDCs are better equipped to address the nutritional 

needs of learners with albinism, thereby improving their health and academic performance. These 

findings have significant implications for improving educational equity and public health strategies 

in rural Zimbabwe and similar contexts globally. 

 

 

Reference 

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Development Centres in Offering Quality Education.” Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern 
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Aksoy, Cevat Giray, Barry Eichengreen, and Orkun Saka. “The Political Scar of Epidemics.” NBER 
Working Paper, no. w27401 (2020). 

Amucheazi, Chibike, and Chidebe Nwankwo. “Remodelling Data Protection and Intellectual Property 
Rights in Nigeria: A Stitch in Time Perspective.” AJLHR 7 (2023): 7. 

Benyah, Francis. “Pentecostalism, Media and the Politics of Homosexuality in Contemporary Ghana.” 
African Journal of Gender and Religion 25, no. 1 (2019). 

Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. “Reflecting on Reflexive Thematic Analysis.” Qualitative Research in 
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