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Tadzkirah Model In Learning Islamic Religious Education 

 
Sahri 

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri 

sahriunugiri@gmail.com 

 

Accepted: 

Jan 13th  2021 

Reviewed:  

April 15th  2021 

Published:  

May 30th 2021 

 

Abstract : This article discusses the tadzkirah model in learning Islamic religious education. The 

purpose of this study is to determine the tadzkirah model that is implemented in the learning 

process of Islamic religious education. The approach used in this study uses library research or 

library research, by collecting various kinds of primary and secondary sources to support this 

research. Islamic education has been around since time immemorial and Rasulullah SAW has also 

taught directly to wives, friends and so on. In this era of industrial revolution 4.0, Islamic religious 

education must continue to be encouraged and not to fade, let alone confuse in the learning 

process. Therefore, the learning process must really be designed and designed to achieve a learning 

goal by applying the tadzkirah learning model. By using the tadzkirah learning model, it is hoped 

that learning for students both at school, at home or in other environments will help shape the 

child's personality so that it has the character and nature that has been given by Allah SWT since 

birth. 

 

keyword: Models, Tadzkirah Learning, Islamic Education 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Basically education can be said as an effort to provide value, so that the value can be used 

as a helper and as a provision in living life on the face of the earth, jaman it can also be used as an 

education to change rice and human civilization. It can be said that, education has an important 

influence on the progress of the nation and the State. And on the other hand education also has 

an influence on the civilization of society so that the civilization seems more advanced. Of course, 

education will be the spearhead in the face of existing civilizations. Even longer there will be more 

revolutions in life1. Therefore, in the process of education must be really designed in such a way 

that it can lead the students to be successful. The design of education must start from the vision 

and mission, objectives, strategies, learning methods, learning materials and last but not least is the 

learning model.  

An educator must be able to design the learning model well and perfectly so that in the 

learning process can run well, so that the materials delivered to students can be received well and 

easily. So the learning model as a conceptual framework that describes the procedures in learning2. 

So a teacher must have a broader knowledge of the learning model so that in the learning process 

 
1 Suparman mannuhung dan andi mattingaragau tenrigau, Peran Pendidikan Islam Dalam Mewujudkan Etika 

Politik, Jurnal pendidikan, P-ISSN 2622-6537 dan E- ISSN 2622-8523,volume 1 nomor 1, agustus 2018,  27 
2 Agus martawijaya,model pembelajaran berbasis kearifan local untuk meningkatkan karakter dan ketuntasan belajar 

(Makassar: CV. masagena, 2016), 11 

mailto:sahriunugiri@gmail.com


 
 

 
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does not fail aka ambiguous3. More in the learning process based on Islam. Because Islamic-based 

learning is different from general subjects, so it must be able to really sort and choose a suitable 

learning model. Among the right and suitable learning models is the tadzkirah learning model. 

Tadzkirah learning model can be said as a learning model that combines from various methods 

into one model in learning. So this tadzkirah learning model is implemented in Islamic religious 

education is very appropriate. In addition, this method tadzkirah is a method that is neatly arranged 

and ideal and takes from a variety of sources one of which is the Qur'an. Therefore, seeing from 

the various facts that occur, that islamic religious education needs to get high concern as an effort 

in demanding empowerment that must be donated, so that Islamic education and Islamic-based 

learning can be better. Therefore, the application of this tadzkirah learning model should be used 

and implemented in the learning of Islamic religious education, as an improvement of the model 

in learning. 

 

Learning Model 

The learning model is very close to the learning strategy, but it is different. The 

understanding of the learning model is as a system that describes detailed procedures and the 

formation of conditions that allow students to interact with each other so that there will be changes or 

developments in thestudents. The learning model is not the only determinant of success in learning 

activities, but it is one of them that is used by educators to achieve a planned learning goal4. The 

learning model is very effective and appropriate as an effort to improve the quality and quantutas 

in the teaching and learning process. Because basically in the learning process learners are required 

to be active in learning activities. Jaman is also, peserat didik is required to think high level, hone 

cohesion and cooperation in a group or team.  

Actually the learning model has a very deep meaning ranging from approaches, strategies, 

methods and techniques.  In general, good learning models have the following characteristics or 

characteristics5: 

1. Has systematic steps. So, a teaching model is a systematic procedure for modifying student 

behavior, which is based oncertain assumptions. 

2. Determination of learning outcomes specifically. As well as the implementation of learning 

activities in the classroom, the education must determine the objectives in detail so that the 

results can be obtained to the maximum. 

3. Apply specifically to the environment in the learning model 

4. Achievement of success. Visualizing the learning outcomes of students who have been taken 

and completed by students during the learning.  

5. Intercation with the surrounding environment. The learning model that has been chosen and 

applied by educators must be able to change students for the better, especially having to be 

able to interact with the environment.  

 

 

 
3 Lefudin, belajar dan pembelajaran dilengkapi dengan model pembelajaran, strategi pembelajaran, pendekatan pembelejaran 

dan metode pembelajaran, (Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2014), 174 
4 Sutiah, pengembangan model pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam, (siodarjo: Nizamia Learning Center, 2018),  44 
5 Suyanto dan asep jihad, menjadi guru professional strategi meningkatkan kuelaifikasi dan kualitas guru di era global, 

(Jakarta: erlangga, 2013), 137 



 
 

 
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The characteristics of the defense model, among others are as follows: 

1. In accordance with the theory of education and the theory of experts on learning 

2. There has to be a mission and a goal.  

3. Used as a guide in improving learning activities in the classroom 

4. Has parts of the model called 1) sequence of learning steps (syntax), 2) the existence of 

reaction principles, 3) social system and4) support system. 

5. It has a influence as a result of applied learning models. The effect has 1) the impact of 

learning, namely the measurable learning outcomes, 3) the impact of the driver is the long-

term learning outcomes. 

1. Prepare the learning design (instructional design) by using the learning model guide it 

chooses6.  

 

METHODS 

Tadzkirah Learning Model 

The meaning of tadzkirah contained in the Tafsir al-Qur'an has a reminder meaning, al-

qur'an is not like they are cited. The Qur'an is not a magic to learn, but a direct warning from Allah 

SWT, so no one can escape the responsibility to Allah SWT in the future.  whereas the verses of 

the Qur'an relate to tadzkirah, are as follows:7 

 

 ( 4)  يَْخَشى ِلَمنَْ تَذِْكَرة َ  إَِّلَ (3)ِلتَْشفََ اْلقُْرآنََ َعلَْيكََ َمآاَْنَزْلنَا

1. Q. S Thaha:2-3 

We have not sent down to you the Qur’ān that you be distressed,  But only as a reminder for those who fear 

[Allāh] ( Q.S at Thaha: 2-3) 

2. Q.S al Muddtasir:54-55 

 ( 55) ذََكَرهَُ َشآءََ فََمنَْ (54)  تَذِْكَرة َ اِنَهَُ َكلََ

No! Indeed, it [i.e., the Qur’ān] is a reminder, Then whoever wills will remember it (Q.S al Muddtasir:54-

55) 

3. Q.S Al Dzariyat: 55 

رَْ ْكرََ فَإِنََ َوذَك ِ  (55) اْلُمْؤِمنِْينََ تَْنفَعَُ الذ ِ

And remind, for indeed, the reminder benefits the believers. (Q.S Al Dzariyat: 55) 

 

Result And Discussion 
Tadzkirah model can be seen from two sides, namely etymological meaning and 

terminology meaning. According to etymological tadzkirah derived from arabic "dzakkara" means 

warning. While in terminology has the meaning of learning code derived from a theory of Islamic 

education8.  As can be seen the following image: 

 

 
6 Nur chanifah, model pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam berbasis direct ecperience-multidisciplinary, (Banyumas: CV. 

Pena Persada, 2020), 78 
7Hasnawati, implementation of tadzkirah learning model on the lessons of aqidah akhlak in madrasah ibtidaiyah (mi) nurul 

jihad subdistrict tembilahan hulu,Journal of Education "PENDIDIKAN" ISSN: 2087-0310 E-ISSN: 2721-7728 Vol.8, 
No.1, 2020,  65 

 
8 Ani nur aeni, pendidikan karakter uintuk mahasiswa PGSD, (bandung : UPI Press, 2014), 93  



 
 

 
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According to abdul madjid that the model of learning has its own meaning, including9: 

T : Showing the Good Behaviour 

The meaning of the example is to follow the circumstances of a person who follows the 

way of life of others in all forms, either following the things that are commanded and avoiding His 

prohibitions. It can be said that the example is divided into two categories, the example is good 

and the example is ugly. A good example is to follow the path and way of life of others with a 

praiseworthy path and a noble attitude. While the bad example is to follow the way of life of the 

wicked in all things contrary to Islamic law, both following as a course and overall10.  

On the other hand the example or example in Arabic is qudwah. Exemplifying  or  

exemplifying is to follow a work or tindkaan according to what it is. In this case, the accuracy 

discussed is a good transparency in Islam that  qudwah is divided into 2 kinds, among them:  first  

Qudwah hasanah is absolute, which means a good motivation is not at all mixed with a bad example 

because the status is really good as an example that has been taught by the Prophet Saw.   Second,  

Qudwah hasanah nisbi,which weighs encouragement or example in accordance with the prescribed 

by Allah SWT, because this exemplary status of ordinary people is not derived from the Prophet11. 

In the study of Islamic religious education of course this is common but many are ruled out. 

Because as a teacher or a parent must be able to be modeled and set an example for students or 

their children. Do not let our students become brutal children and do not have good character. 

Therefore, set a good example to our students so that they follow in the footsteps and steps we 

exemplify to them. 

    

A : Ordering The Direct (Give Guidance) 

Guidance is a process carried out by people to provide assistance to individuals, such as 

children, students, parents in order to be able to develop the skills contained in the individual by 

utilizing skills, skills and media.12.indeed the child created by Allah SWT goes according to his 

nature or fitrah, is leading to goodness. Let's say we can belajr from the habits that a baby does. 

All babies will wake up from their sleep at dawn, it is remarkable how God prepares his servant to 

perform one of His commands, namely the dawn prayer. However, very little was known about it 

so that the baby woke up and changed his habits by his parents. The little boy was with all his 

might to be put back to sleep by his parents. These are the things that parents or educators should 

know. As the verses of the Qur'an about it explained in surah ar rum verse 30: 

ْينَِ َوْجَهكََ فَأَقِمَْ  .... َعلَْيَها النَاسََ فََطرََ الَتِىَْ  للاَِ فِْطَرتََ َحنِْيف ا ِللد ِ

So direct your face [i.e., self] toward the religion, inclining to truth. [Adhere to] the fiṭrah[1145] of Allāh upon 

which He has created [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of Allāh.[1146] That is the correct 

religion, but most of the people do not know. ( Q.S Ar Rum: 30) 

As learners must always get guidance and direction from educators to have a variety of 

knowledge so that in doing all behaviors or actions that are not contrary to islamic teachings. 

Providing assistance in the form of guidance to students is carried out continuously so that the 

learners know who is he,  so that he is able to direct himself to behave appropriately, in accordance 

 
9 Abdul Madjid, Belajar dan Pembelajaran PAI, (), hlm. 136 
10 Syaikh Abdurrahman Ya’qub, Pesona akhlak Rasulullah SAW, (Mizan Pustaka, ttt), 254 
11 Tata Taufik, Dakwah era digital: Sejarah, metode dan perkembangan, (Kuningan: Putska Al Ikhlas, 2020),  92 
12 Abu bakar M. Luddin, dasar-dasar konsleing tinjauan teori dan praktik, (Bandung:citapustaka Media perintis, 

2010), .15 



 
 

 
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with the demands and circumstances of the school environment, family, community and life in 

general13. Direction and guidance are always needed and needed whenever and wherever they are. 

Because as an educator not only provide guidance and direction when in the classroom, but also 

outside the classroom.  

Abdul madjid has quoted in his book irwan prayitno that his guidance by giving some 

advice is needed in various ways, including: 

1. The method of giving advice is more weighty and important than the content or message of 

advice to be delivered 

2. Maintaining a harmonious relationship between parents and children, teachers with students, 

because with a harmonious relationship advice is easier to catch. 

3. Give advice as necessary and do not get too much. The advice given should not be directly to 

the point and do not be too rambling also so that the child does not feel saturated. 

1. Offer a motivation and support so that the child can have a sense of responsibility and be able 

to carry out the content of the advice14  

 

D : Encouragement  

Encouragement is a very deep passion to achieve a certain goal. This motivation or 

motivation becomes one of the strong hopes for glory and brilliance. Motivation also refers to the 

urges of the heart and the instincts that move a person to make an action that aims to achieve 

something that is intended in this life15. Motivation gives birth to changes that occur in a person 

who arises with the symptoms of feelings, feelings, and emotions that encourage the individual to 

perform or an action caused by need, desire and purpose16. Motivation has a significant role in the 

teaching and learning process between educators and students. For teachers, learning motivation 

from students is needed to maintain and elevate students' learning enthusiasm. For learners 

learning motivation can increase learning so that students can do learning deeds17. 

In this case children aged 3-54 years are very vulnerable and on initiative-feeling conditions 

of guilt. Children at this age already have skills, with the skills they have encouraged to do some 

activities, but because the ability possessed by the child is still limited, it will always experience 

failure. With such failure the child will have guilt. 

At the age of 6-11 years the child hasan industri-inferioritynature. When children aged 6-11 

years have started to be active to learn what is around the leingkungannya. At this age, the orongan 

owned by the child to know and do something is very powerful. However, in some other factors 

there are limitations of ability and knowledge so that it experiences difficulties, obstacles and even 

up to failure. Such difficulties, obstacles and failures make the child humble. 

At the age of 12-18 years the child already hasa self-division identity -role diffusion. In 

preparation for maturity supported by his knowledge, abilities and skills, he struggled to show his 

identity. However, in adolescence this is often very extreme and excessive attitude, so many people 

who see that it is an aberration. 

 
13Rukaya, aku bimbingan dan konseling, (Guepedia, 2019),  8 
14 Abdul Madjid, belajar dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam,  139 
15 Sharifah akmam syed zakaria, panduan danstrategi motivasi diri, (Kuala Lumpur: Sanon printing corporation 

SDN BHD, 2005),  13 
16 Shilpy, motivasi belajar dalam perkembangan remaja, (Yogyakarta:Deepublish, 2020),. 53 
17 Ending titik lestari, cara praktis meningkatkan motivasi siswa skeolah dasar, (Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2020), 2 



 
 

 
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By looking at the various conditions above, that the motivation and motivation should be 

given to children and students.  So that the children do not necessarily have guilt, inferiority even 

to frustration when facing failures and obstacles.  Motivation bears a very important function to 

elevate the quality and quantity of an individual. With the motivation of human beings can be bright 

and successful in passing through his life. Goals or goals can be realized when pocketing a strong 

motivation in you. Without any motivation, it is very difficult to be able to achieve what he aspires 

to. But it is undeniable, it is very difficult to create motivation in yourself, more or less may not 

understand how to build motivation18. 

 

Z : Zakiyah 

In the book of learning and learning PAI by abdum madjid, thatsannya: In every part of   

us there is zakat that must be issued as proof of our obedience to Allah SWT. Zakat heart by 

applying the greatness of God, policy, power of argument, guidance, grace and taufik Allah SWT. 

Subjugating desire and taking lessons is one of the zakat done by the zakat of the eyes. One way 

to give Zakat ear by listening to things that can bring us closer to Allah SWT. Zakat hands are 

done by not stealing, not  beating and pulling it from evil deeds and reaching out for the good of 

others. The alms of the feet are done by walking to something that will bring good to your heart 

and the salvation of your religion.  

Value is a measure of meaning,virtue, price or validity that can be an idea or  an  action. 

Islam commands that one of them compete with each other in terms of good, one of which is 

purifying himself. As an educator instilling the value of self-purity, purity and reaching the pleasure 

of God to the learners is done as thin as the moment.  In fact, the soul in the learner is still very 

unstable, and sometimes there is a shame that is so excessive that there is a growing lack of 

confidence. There is also, An uneasy family, an unfly environment is one of the causes of the 

appearance of lack of confidence in learners, more or less some ridicule from friends who are so 

severe. Surely such a thing should not be forgotten by the educators so that the learner does not 

lose his sense of self and always optimistic in doing something. If it is forgotten what is the 

difference with the snowball that rolls so that it erodes morals and morals so that the child kruang 

accept himself, his family and the surrounding community19.  

Thus an educator must provide good reinforcement and teaching, especially in the spiritual 

field. In addition, in the process of learning to teach the functions and roles of learners must 

contribute in the form of bathiniah value. Hearts that are often touched by goodness, religious 

lectures and never defects with despicable abuse will be born and have sincere and happy 

intentions.  

 

K : Continuity  

Continuity is the same as with  istiqomah. The concept of continuity is related to the process 

of habituation of learners. Continuity referred to here is the habit done by students in accordance 

with the values of the character that has been taught. Understanding the knowledge of an attitude 

 
18 Indri dayana dan juliaster marbun, motivasi kehidupan menjalani proses kehidupan untuk kualitas hidup yang lebih 

baik, (Guepedia, 2018), 15 
19 Abdul Madjid, belajar dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, 146 



 
 

 
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will produce good habits so as to  provide  tauladan and control bad behavior20. Habituation of 

morality, morals, character should be used to learners whenever and wherever they are. With the 

habits that have been running, unwittingly and spontaneously moral, moral and character can put 

a comfortable and ideal position without having to change with hard work. Techniques, strategies 

and models are used as a habit, because habits do not immediately change but through several 

stages so that the habit becomes good and can eliminate bad habits. From an early age the habit 

must begin without having to wait for adolescence or adulthood21. 

 

I : Remind 

Remind here means reminding when a child commits delinquency. Participants will be 

reminded by educators if they make mistakes and mischief. Students will never repeat mistakes 

and mischief let alone despicable acts because of the effects of an educator's warning. The warning 

has a tremendous influence on learners.22. Therefore, a Teacher tries to remind his students that 

we are always observed and seen by Allah SWT in terms of words and actions both still in the 

mind or that have been done, so that the participants are always trying to remember Him and keep 

his actions from things that are deplorable. And finally came faith in his heart and then actualized 

in the form of deeds.  

 

R : Repetition  

Conducting teaching and learning activities repeatedly will result in an education that is so 

effective that the material is also easy to understand and understand. Any material when done in a 

repeating secra will be quickly captured and memorized. In practice, the teacher will repeat some 

materials according to the needs, not necessarily all materials are done seacra over and over again 

but there are exceptions. Most in repetition is the material that needs to be memorized so that in 

reciting and reciting there will be no mistakes and it also requires time and practice.23. in addition, 

the teacher repeats the material to the student so that the student is better off remembering the 

material both before and the material that is being and will be studied. The human brain can receive 

repetitive thoughts and behaviors and will automatically connect to those patterns or habits. 

Constructive thoughts and actions can run in depth, faster and more automatically due to repeated 

continuity24. 

 

A : Apply/organization 

The pinnacle of science is charity. Not a few people who study, gain knowledge, but when 

faced directly in the field feel confused. Therefore, an educator must be able to visualize science 

to the practical world, or be able to think laterally to develop the application of science in various 

areas of life. Students who have gained knowledge and experience from an educator must be able 

to organize outside the school. The delivery of information by educators to students can be 

 
20 Ridwan, model tadzkirah dalam menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan nilai nilai karakter anak usia dini, Jurnal Nomor 

29 Mei Tahun 2017, kediri: UPN Kediri,  48 
21 Abdul Gafur, Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah Dasar Melalui Model Tadzkirah, majalah ilmiah 

sriwijaya, tahun 2018,  5 
22 Widhiya Ninsiana, konstribusi model tadzkirah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa inggris berkarakter pada 

anak usia dini, jurnal elementary: jurnal ilmiah pendidikan dasar 2 (1), edisi 2 juli 2016.,  7 
23 Rusman, belajar dan pembelajaran berorientasi standar proses pendidikan, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2017),  102 
24 Widhiya Ninsiana, konstribusi model tadzkirah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa inggris berkarakter,  7 



 
 

 
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captured quickly and appropriately if the organization is systematic and organized. Once the 

information is received, the information is brought into the classroom and used as feedback in the 

learning process.25. one of the activities that is usually instituted by the school is to hold study tours 

and recreation. This is where students must practice in dealing with problems. 

 

H : Heart 

The method that is akhir is with a soft touch of heart and love sayang as described in the 

Quran surah al Hadiid verse 16: 

  فَقََستَْ  اأْلََمدَُ  َعلَْيِهمَُ  فََطالََ  قَْبلَُ  ِمنَْ  اُْوتُواْلِكتَابََ  َكالَِذْينََ  يَُكْونُوا  َوّلََ  اْلَحق َِ  ِمنََ  نََزلََ  َوَما  ِلِذْكِرللاَِ  قُلُْوبُُهمَْ  تَْخَشعََ  اَنَْ  اََمنُوا  ِللَِذْينََ  يَأْنَِ  اَلَمَْ

 فَاِسقُْونََ ِمْنُهمَْ َوَكثِْيرَ  قُلُْوبُُهمَْ

Artinya: Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at 

the remembrance of Allāh and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the 

Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly 

disobedient. (Q.S al Hadiid:16) 

 

The life of the heart is done by faith and the death of the heart because of disbelief. Healthy 

heart due to obedience and heart can be hurt due to committing sin26. There are some experts who 

equate about the liver, that the liver is like a container or a glass. And if the container or glass is 

upside down, it cannot be filled with water, nor will the inverted heart receive any good from the 

unbelievers. From the understanding that has been presented above can be concluded that the 

learning model tadzkirah is a learning model nuanced Islamic that provides examples and improves 

behavior by associating the student's experience in daily life27. 

 

Stages of Implementation of Tadzkirah Learning Model 

The stages in the implementation of tadzkirah learning model according to Abdul Majid 

are: 

Phase one: formulation of final performance  

1. Identify the behavior that is the main focus. 

2. Formulation in particular of final behavior. 

3. Outline stalling plans and document behavior. 

The second stage: establishing the position  

1. Find the point where there is apparent destruction of behavior on the basis of obtained. 

2. Provides the desired consequences of the chosen position. 

3.  The use of the parable process to clear up behavioral conflicts 

Stage three: increase priority 

1. Comparing behavior with others with the aim of setting priorities 

2. The priority of daily behavior that has been done is stated by the students. 

Stage four: clearing and testing students' standing 

1. Behavior that has been done by students must make a statement and make a rational 

 
25 Widhiya Ninsiana, konstribusi model tadzkirah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa inggris berkarakter,  7 
26Siti asdiqoh, implementasi pendidikan karakter pada siswa madrasah aliyah negeri 1 boyolali, (salatiga:IAIN Salatiga, 

2020), 19 
27 Hasnawati, implementasi model pembelajaran tadzkirah pada pelajaran aqidah akhlak di madrasah ibtidaiyah (mi) nurul 

jihad, . 70 



 
 

 
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2. The students are cleared by educators regarding the problematika value of the behavior carried 

out. 

Stage five: retention and reinforcement 

1. With different methods, participants are encouraged to improve their behavior. 

2. Behavior conducted by students is always analyzed by teachers with the aim of providing 

awareness for the better. 

Stage six: authentic assessment 

1. At the beginning of the activity, the consequences set by the educator can be estimated and 

can be tested for validity from the prescribed behavior28. 

 

CONCLUSION 

To plan effective classroom learning, a good learning model is needed. The use must be 

adapted to the needs of the material, will be able to help achieve a learning goal, one of which is 

islamic religious education material. The delivery of Islamic religious education materials to 

students is done well, so that it is easily accepted, applied in social life. The implementation of 

islamic religious education learning can be done by applying the model of tadzkirah learning. In 

this model of tadzkirah learning includes showing examples, guidance, encouragement, zakiyyah, 

continuity, reminding, repetition, application or organization and heart or heart. Tadzkirah method 

gives good results in the formation of character and morality in accordance with human nature. 

And of course, this model of defense must be understood by an educator so as not to be mistaken 

in the implementation of defense. Therefore, a teacher must master various models of defense 

according to needs, not the origin of using the learning model. 

 

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 EDUCATIO : Journal Of Education  
 Volume 6 , Number 1, May 2021  

ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online) 
59 

 
 

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