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Effectiveness of Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic 

in Indonesia 

 
Fitriya Dwi Anggraini 

Master of Management Study Program Department of Management Faculty of Economics and 

Business Trunojoyo Madura University, Bangkalan 

fi3ya23@gmail.com 

 

Accepted: 

Feb 12th 2022 

Reviewed: 

March 17th 2022 

Published: 

May 30th 2022 

 

Abstract:  This study is based on the effectiveness of online learning during the covid-19 outbreak. 
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiven of online learning systems in the future and 
provide the right solution for distance learning. The research method used is qualitatively 
descriptive. The study used two data sources: primary data and secondary data. Primary data is 
taken directly by conducting interviews with students with several universities. Secondary data is 
drawn from literature studies through books, articles, research journals and media. The result of 
this study is that the online learning system is the right policy in the current endemic period to 
reduce the number of spread of Covid-19 cases. The learning system still has obstacles in terms of 
supporting facilities and infrastructure and internet access available 

 

Keyword:  Effectiveness, online learning, covid-19 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Because of the virus, 2020 is a worrying year for the entire world's population (covid-19). 

The SARS-CoV-19 virus causes Covid, an infectious disease. On December 31, 2019, the virus 

made its first appearance in Wuhan, China 1. The spread of Covid-19 is so rapid that the WHO 

declared the Coronavirus an endemic disease on March 11, 2020.2 

Covid-19 cases are increasing at an alarming rate, necessitating immediate attention. Fever, 

dry cough, and fatigue are common symptoms of people who have been exposed in general. 

Because the community still engages in social activities in large numbers, transmission through 

close contact between communities cannot be predicted3. 

 
1 Thakur Dhakal, “What Will Be the Future Effect of Wuhan Corona-Virus?,” SSRN Electronic Journal (2020); 

Fellyanda Suci Agiesta, “Cerita Lengkap Asal Mula Munculnya Virus Corona Di Wuhan,” Merdeka.Com, 2020; Denny 
Adhietya Febrian, “Asal Mula Dan Penyebaran Virus Corona Dari Wuhan Ke Seluruh Dunia,” Idntimes.Com, 2020. 

2 Edy Parwanto, “Virus Corona (SARS-CoV-2) Penyebab COVID-19 Kini Telah Bermutasi,” Jurnal Biomedika 
dan Kesehatan (2021); Anand Kumar Sharma, “Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19),” Resonance (2020); Nur Rohim 
Yunus and Annissa Rezki, “Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Lock Down Sebagai Antisipasi Penyebaran Corona Virus Covid-
19,” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 7, no. 3 (2020), http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15083; Ariyato, 
“Asal Mula Dan Penyebaran Virus Corona Dari Wuhan Ke Seluruh Dunia – Bappeda Provinsi NTB,” Berita 
Bappeda/Berita Sosial, 2020. 

3 Christian Kuswibowo, “Analisis Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Kerja Dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap 
Produktivitas Kerja Guru Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam,” Journal of Islamic Education and Innovation (2021): 153–164. 



 
 
EDUCATIO : Journal Of Education 
Volume 7 , Number 1, May 2022 
 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online)_____________________________________________________________ 
 

Volume 7, Number 1, May 2022 | 54  

  

At the start of 2020, the world has yet to discover a cure for covid-19, causing medical 

personnel who treat covid-19 victims to be overwhelmed. On March 2, 2020, President Jokowi 

Widodo announced that the coronavirus had entered Indonesia 4. "Due to the COVID-19 

pandemic, government officials have devised strategies to limit outdoor activities until the 

outbreak subsides. The government encourages all Indonesians to follow the 5 M rule, which 

includes keeping a safe distance, wearing masks, avoiding crowds, limiting mobility, and washing 

hands with soap in running water. The covid-19 virus is expected to be suppressed as a result of 

this. 

In early 2021, the government advised citizens to get the sinovac vaccine in order to prevent 

the spread of the disease in Indonesia. The president, state officials, and representatives from 

various circles in the country gave the first covid vaccine with the goal of educating the community. 

In Indonesia, pandemics have spread to all aspects of society, including education. The 

central and local governments implement education policies by closing all educational institutions. 

(2020, Firdaus) Due to the closure of educational institutions, the government has decided to 

implement a solution that involves conducting the teaching and learning process entirely online. 

This is in accordance with the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia's 

Decree on the Implementation of Education Policy in the Emergency Period of Corona Virus 

Disease Spread, Circular Letter No. 4 of 2020. (Covid-19). 

Learning is defined as the process of learners interacting with educators and learning 

resources in a learning environment, according to Article 1 paragraph 20 of Law No. 20 of 2003 

concerning the National Education System 5. 

Minister of Education and Culture Nadiem Anwar stated that policies in the field of 

education are essential for the welfare and safety of students, students' families, and the community 

during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Because the learning process requires students and lecturers to conduct IT-based distance 

learning using applications prepared by the minister of education and culture, learning during the 

pandemic has become a notable change in the world of education. Information technology must 

become more sophisticated in the future so that it can be used to its full potential 6. One of the 

goals of the Indonesian government is to educate the nation's citizens. Even though we are in the 

midst of a pandemic, education must continue to be implemented. 

In order to achieve quality learning, lecturers' creativity and innovation become crucial in 

the distance learning process. Lecturer training programs in information and communication are 

essential for distance learning fluency. 

The study's goal is to determine how effective online learning systems are for emigrants. 

 

METHOD 

The research   method   used   in   research   is   descriptive   qualitative methods. 

Descriptive qualitative is more relevant in this study to analyze the effectiveness of online learning 

 
4 Muh Barid Nizarudin Wajdi et al., “Education Policy Overcome Coronavirus, A Study of Indonesians,” 

EDUTEC: Journal of Education And Technology 3, no. 2 (2020): 96–106. 
5 Irinna Aulia Nafrin and Hudaidah Hudaidah, “Perkembangan Pendidikan Indonesia Di Masa Pandemi 

Covid-19,” EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN 3, no. 2 (2021): 456–462, 
http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i2.324. 

6 A M. Basar, “Problematika Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Di SMPIT 

Nurul Fajri – Cikarang Barat – Bekasi),” Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 2, no. 1 (2021). 



 
 
EDUCATIO : Journal Of Education 
Volume 7 , Number 1, May 2022 
 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online)_____________________________________________________________ 
 

Volume 7, Number 1, May 2022 | 55  

  

systems in the covid-19 outbreak period as it is today. 

The data used is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained directly from 

research subjects taken directly by researchers to sources directly through interviews. The interview 

was conducted to students of Malang State University, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta, 

Pamekasan State Islamic Institute, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 

Secondary data is obtained from literature studies, namely articles, research journals and 

media related to online learning.. 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

Covid-19 had spread around the world by 2020, including to Indonesia, prompting some 

countries to issue policies to deal with the spread. Pandemics have wreaked havoc on the world's 

economic stability as well as the field of education. As the number of cases of Covid-19 grows, 

some countries are implementing lockdown policies, while others are not. 

To stop the spread of the covid-19 virus, the Indonesian government implemented policies 

with large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). Because of the resurgence of covid-19 with delta 

variants in mid-2021, the government issued a policy with the enactment of Restrictions on 

Community Activities (PPKM), so learning is still done online7. 

As a result, the government encourages all Indonesians to stay at home and refrain from 

engaging in activities outside the home. This pandemic has an impact on all sectors, including 

education, which has been temporarily closed until a date that has not been determined. Even in 

the midst of the current pandemic, learning must continue, so the government has enacted a policy 

of distance learning, also known as online learning. 

"The process of learning from home is carried out with the following instructions," 

according to Circular Letter No. 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Education Policy in 

the Emergency Period of the Spread of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). 

a. Learning from home via online / distance learning allows students to have a more meaningful learning 

experience without being burdened by the demands of completing all curriculum achievements in 

order to advance in class or graduate.; 

b. Learning from home can be used to teach life skills, such as how to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic.; 

c. Learning activities and tasks from Home can vary between students, according to their interests and 

conditions including considering access gaps / learning facilities at home; 

d. Teachers provide qualitative and useful feedback on evidence or products of Learning from Home 

activities without requiring quantitative scores.." 

Online learning requires digital devices, namely personal computers, laptops and mobile 

phones connected to the internet network to access information universally and globally (Firdaus, 

2020). Distance learning systems can be done anywhere and anytime. 

There are two types of online learning: cyclic and asynchronous learning. Cycloronus is a 

learning system for real-time communication. Google Meet and Zoom Meeting are two popular 

meeting apps. Asikronus is a learning system that employs intermediary media to facilitate learning 

rather than doing so simultaneously. Edmodo, Google Classroom, CANVAS LMS, and Whatsapp 

groups are among the Asikronus applications used. Lecturers and students typically use asicchronic 

learning to provide materials, syllabuses, assignments, and task collection. 

 
7 Maya Puspita Dewi and Muh Barid Nizarudin Wajdi, “Optimizing the Role of Nganjuk Government in 

Online Learning during the Pandemic,” EDUCATIO: Journal of Education 6, no. 1 (2021): 79–87. 



 
 
EDUCATIO : Journal Of Education 
Volume 7 , Number 1, May 2022 
 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online)_____________________________________________________________ 
 

Volume 7, Number 1, May 2022 | 56  

  

For students and lecturers to do distance learning, online learning requires a high enough 

kouta. Students' parents must budget for the rising cost of internet shopping as part of the distance 

learning process. However, not all students come from families, and for some parents, the high 

demand for internet access creates a dilemma. The government recognizes the phenomenon that 

occurs among parents and offers free 15 GB kouta assistance to students every month. It is hoped 

that this kouta assistance will relieve parents of some of their responsibilities. 

During online learning, there are a number of challenges to overcome. An adequate internet 

network is required for online learning. When problems arise while online, the internet network is 

often less stable, and electricity is out, causing lectures to be disrupted. Not all students live in 

cities where internet access is relatively easy to come by. However, for students who live in the 

countryside or outside of the city, internet access is a problem that makes online learning difficult. 

Students said they have difficulty receiving lecture material online due to time constraints 

and sometimes a less stable internet connection, so the delivery delivered by lecturers is not fully 

received properly, according to the results of interviews related to understanding lecture materials 

delivered by lecturers during online learning. Students frequently use Google and YouTube to find 

their own literature based on the topics discussed in online lectures. 

This necessitates lecturers' creativity and innovation in delivering online courses. The goal 

of providing a syllabus for each course is to allow students to know ahead of time what material 

will be delivered in each lecture schedule and to learn the outline of what will be conveyed by 

lecturers at lecture meetings. To reduce student saturation, in addition to the lecturer's syllabus, 

videos can be played on the sidelines of lectures. 

According to some students, online learning is less effective because online lectures cause 

some students to have difficulty understanding the material, and some lecturers also complain 

about material delivery being a little difficult. When it comes to theory of practice, such as 

engineering theory and statistics, online lecture material can be difficult to convey. However, the 

online learning system's current covid-19 outbreak period is the best policy for reducing covid-19 

transmission. 

Because of the less stable internet signal, noise during discussion, and lecturers who are late 
8, some students do not focus on the cause during online lectures. Students also frequently turn 

off the camera and do other activities, then turn it back on at the end of the lecture, resulting in 

material delivery that is not optimal and lecturer monitoring that is not optimal. This should be 

addressed by including lecture rules in each lecture schedule so that lecturers can keep track of 

their students and materials are delivered as efficiently as possible. 

 

CONCLUSION 

The covid pandemic has had a profound impact on all sectors, including education. Even in 

difficult times like today, education must continue to run because one of the goals of the 

Indonesian nation is to educate the Indonesian nation's life. The government has provided an 

online learning solution for the implementation of spells during the current pandemic. The goal 

of online learning is to decrease the number of cases of covid-19 spread. 

 
8 Ayu Wulandari and Gusti Ngr Sastra Agustika, “Dramatik Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-

19,” Mimbar PGSD Undiksha 8, no. 3 (2020): 515–526; Maya Puspita Dewi and Muh Barid Nizarudin Wajdi, “Distance 
Learning Policy during Pandemic COVID-19,” EDUTEC: Journal of Education and Technology 4, no. 3 (2021): 325–333. 



 
 
EDUCATIO : Journal Of Education 
Volume 7 , Number 1, May 2022 
 ISSN : 2579-8383 (Print) ISSN : 2579-8405 (Online)_____________________________________________________________ 
 

Volume 7, Number 1, May 2022 | 57  

  

Students who learn online have the ability to search for data from a variety of sources to 

supplement their understanding of the course. Online learning forces us to shift our educational 

behavior away from traditional face-to-face instruction and toward online learning. 

Because this is a new policy, there are still a number of challenges to overcome, such as 

frequently disrupted internet networks and difficulty comprehending learning materials. 

Because this is a new policy, there are still a number of challenges to overcome, such as an 

unreliable internet connection and difficulty comprehending learning materials. 

Various methods and strategies are required in online learning methods to provide material 

understanding to students so that they can understand and receive the material delivered.. 

 

REFERENCES 

Agiesta, Fellyanda Suci. “Cerita Lengkap Asal Mula Munculnya Virus Corona Di Wuhan.” 
Merdeka.Com, 2020. 

Ariyato. “Asal Mula Dan Penyebaran Virus Corona Dari Wuhan Ke Seluruh Dunia – Bappeda 
Provinsi NTB.” Berita Bappeda/Berita Sosial, 2020. 

Basar, A M. “Problematika Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus 

Di SMPIT Nurul Fajri – Cikarang Barat – Bekasi).” Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 2, no. 
1 (2021). 

Dewi, Maya Puspita, and Muh Barid Nizarudin Wajdi. “Distance Learning Policy during 
Pandemic COVID-19.” EDUTEC: Journal of Education and Technology 4, no. 3 (2021): 325–
333. 

———. “Optimizing the Role of Nganjuk Government in Online Learning during the 
Pandemic.” EDUCATIO: Journal of Education 6, no. 1 (2021): 79–87. 

Dhakal, Thakur. “What Will Be the Future Effect of Wuhan Corona-Virus?” SSRN Electronic 
Journal (2020). 

Febrian, Denny Adhietya. “Asal Mula Dan Penyebaran Virus Corona Dari Wuhan Ke Seluruh 
Dunia.” Idntimes.Com, 2020. 

Kuswibowo, Christian. “Analisis Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Kerja Dan Pengembangan 
Karir Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Guru Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam.” Journal of 
Islamic Education and Innovation (2021): 153–164. 

Nafrin, Irinna Aulia, and Hudaidah Hudaidah. “Perkembangan Pendidikan Indonesia Di Masa 

Pandemi Covid-19.” EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN 3, no. 2 (2021): 456–
462. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i2.324. 

Parwanto, Edy. “Virus Corona (SARS-CoV-2) Penyebab COVID-19 Kini Telah Bermutasi.” 
Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan (2021). 

Sharma, Anand Kumar. “Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).” Resonance (2020). 
Wajdi, Muh Barid Nizarudin, Iwan Kuswandi, Umar Al Faruq, Zulhijra Zulhijra, Khairudin 

Khairudin, and Khoiriyah Khoiriyah. “Education Policy Overcome Coronavirus, A Study 
of Indonesians.” EDUTEC: Journal of Education And Technology 3, no. 2 (2020): 96–106. 

Wulandari, Ayu, and Gusti Ngr Sastra Agustika. “Dramatik Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa 
Pandemi Covid-19.” Mimbar PGSD Undiksha 8, no. 3 (2020): 515–526. 

Yunus, Nur Rohim, and Annissa Rezki. “Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Lock Down Sebagai 
Antisipasi Penyebaran Corona Virus Covid-19.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 7, 
no. 3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15083. 

 


