





































Education, Language and Sociology Research 

ISSN 2690-3644 (Print) ISSN 2690-3652 (Online) 

Vol. 4, No. 3, 2023 

www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr 

137 
 

Original Paper 

The Application and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in 

International Chinese Language Education: A Case Study of 

ChatGPT 

Lin Wang1* 

1 Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, China 

* Lin Wang, Xi’an Peihua University, Shenhe 3rd Road, ChangAn District, Xi’an, 710100, Shaanxi 

Province, China 

 

Received: July 17, 2023        Accepted: August 6, 2023      Online Published: August 25, 2023 

doi:10.22158/elsr.v4n3p137        URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n3p137 

 

Abstract 

This paper aims to explore how artificial intelligence technology plays a role in the field of international 

Chinese language education and its impact on Chinese teaching and learning. Taking ChatGPT as an 

example, this paper introduces its principle, function and advantages, analyzes its application scenarios 

and effects in Chinese education, discusses its possible challenges and problems, as well as its future 

development direction and suggestions. This paper argues that ChatGPT is a natural language 

generation technology based on deep learning, which can generate smooth, logical and emotional 

Chinese conversations based on user input. ChatGPT can provide diversified, personalized and 

interactive learning resources and teaching aids in international Chinese education, which is helpful to 

improve the quality and efficiency of Chinese teaching, stimulate learners’ learning motivation and 

interest, and promote cross-cultural communication and understanding. At the same time, ChatGPT also 

has some technical limitations and hidden dangers in social ethics. It is necessary to arouse the attention 

and vigilance of teachers and learners, reasonably regulate and use the technology, and ensure the 

healthy development of data security and man-machine relationship. This paper hopes to provide some 

reference and inspiration for the application of artificial intelligence technology in international Chinese 

education. 

Keywords 

international Chinese language education, intelligence technology, ChatGPT, teachers and learners 

 

 



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1. Introduction 

The new coronavirus epidemic in 2020 has accelerated the new trend of ubiquitous learning and remote 

teaching as a supplement to the reform of global Chinese education and teaching and promoted the 

modernization process of Chinese teachers around the world using digital educational technology as a 

tool for knowledge dissemination. Online and remote teaching has become the main way of international 

Chinese language education. In the post-epidemic era, Chinese teaching presents new characteristics, 

including the popularization of online teaching, emphasizing the practicality of language, personalized 

teaching, and multicultural teaching. Chinese teaching is developing towards a more flexible, practical, 

rich, and diversified direction. Online Chinese teaching has been widely used. Many schools use online 

teaching platforms to carry out teaching activities, such as Tencent Conference, WeChat, Zoom and so 

on. This teaching mode not only brings great convenience to the course teaching, but also enables 

students to choose the time and place of class more flexibly, which has a continuous impact on the 

teaching methods and methods. The development of artificial intelligence technology, especially the 

emergence of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), has attracted wide attention and 

discussion from all walks of life. The field of international Chinese education is also actively exploring 

and thinking about how to use artificial intelligence technology to better carry out Chinese teaching. 

 

2. A Review of the Application of Computer Technology in International Chinese Language 

Education 

2.1 The Development Process of Artificial Intelligence Technology in International Chinese Language 

Education 

Artificial intelligence technology can be said to be a product of the development of information 

technology to a certain stage. The achievements of educational technology applied to Chinese teaching 

are obvious to all. The development of Chinese education technology has always been in line with the 

rhythm of the application of emerging technologies in the field of education, and its representative 

research results can be compared with foreign language education technology. Since the beginning of the 

21st century, the influence and role of information technology on Chinese teaching are expanding in an 

all-round and multi-angle way. The role of information technology has changed or is changing from the 

surface auxiliary means to the deep basic form and dominant force, which should be paid attention to. At 

the beginning of the application of information technology in Chinese teaching, it is mainly reflected in 

multimedia teaching and radio teaching, among which multimedia teaching is more reflected in the wide 

use of tapes and slide machines. Multimedia teaching combines text, pictures, audio and video and other 

forms to present students with more dynamic and intuitive teaching content, and vividly presents Chinese 

teaching content to students, which improves students’ interest in learning and learning effect. Teachers 

can use multimedia teaching software to make a variety of voice, images, animation, and other teaching 

resources to help students better understand Chinese language and culture. Radio teaching breaks the 

limitation of time and space, provides rich educational resources, saves education cost and improves 



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learning effect. Another important manifestation of the auxiliary role of information technology in 

Chinese teaching is the use of Chinese character input software to input Chinese characters. Students can 

use the Chinese character input method and dictionary on the computer or mobile phone to quickly input 

Chinese characters and find new words, to improve the efficiency of Chinese character input and output. 

At the same time, this Chinese character input software can show students the strokes and stroke order 

of Chinese characters, and can provide gamification of Chinese character input practice. These 

technologies have greatly improved students’ learning efficiency and interest and promoted the 

modernization and internationalization of Chinese character teaching. With the continuous development 

of information technology, distance teaching has become an important teaching method because of its 

more flexible and diverse characteristics. Students can use Chinese learning websites to conduct 

comprehensive training in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Many schools and training 

institutions provide online teaching platforms and courses. Students can find the required Chinese 

learning resources on the platform, such as video, audio, textbooks, and exercises, and choose the time 

to study freely. Peking University has opened a Chinese course on Coursera, which is widely welcomed 

by Chinese learners all over the world. 

2.2 The Current Situation and Trend of Artificial Intelligence Technology in International Chinese 

Education 

Artificial intelligence chat software is an intelligent application that can understand the user’s intentions 

and provide corresponding text or voice responses based on the context entered by the user. In recent 

years, with the development of science and technology, various artificial intelligence chat software has 

emerged. Among all the artificial intelligence chat software, ChatGPT has the most perfect function and 

the highest social discussion. ChatGPT software is a new AI chat robot developed by Open AI, a world-

renowned artificial intelligence research and development company. It is based on NLP (natural language 

processing technology), pre-trains a large amount of text data, and combines its converter network 

architecture to enable it to generate appropriate and coherent responses to a wide range of questions and 

prompts and can also generate and create languages. ChatGPT is developed to provide dialogue support 

for a variety of applications, such as customer service, personal assistants, chatbots, etc. It is an artificial 

intelligence technology based on deep learning, which can generate smooth and logical dialogue text. It 

learns the language pattern and context relationship of the dialogue by training a large amount of dialogue 

data, so that it can generate appropriate responses according to the user’s input and historical dialogue. 

It has the following functions and features: it can have multiple rounds of dialogue with the user, maintain 

the continuity and consistency of the dialogue. It can adjust its tone and attitude according to the user’s 

language style and emotion, improve the intimacy and naturalness of the dialogue. It can handle various 

types of dialogue scenarios, such as chatting, Q & A, tasks, stories, etc., and provide rich and interesting 

dialogue content. It can use external knowledge and information to enhance the intelligence and 

practicality of dialogue. 



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Compared with other artificial intelligence technologies, ChatGPT has the following advantages: it uses 

the most advanced natural language generation technology to generate high-quality and high-diversity 

dialogue texts. It uses a large-scale pre-training model, which can make full use of massive dialogue data 

and improve the generalization ability and robustness of dialogue. It uses a flexible and scalable 

architecture that can adapt to different conversation needs and scenarios and provides customized and 

personalized conversation services. According to a report from UBS Group, just two months after the 

launch of ChatGPT, the number of monthly active users has exceeded 100 million at the end of January 

2023, becoming the fastest growing consumer-oriented application in history. Despite many benefits, 

ChatGPT is not without limitations. One of the biggest limitations of this model is that it relies on the 

data that is trained. Since it is trained based on text data from the Internet, it may contain deviations and 

inaccuracies in the source data, resulting in knowledge errors in its responses. In summary, ChatGPT is 

a powerful language model that can be used for a wide range of dialogic AI applications. Despite its 

limitations, it represents an important step in the development of conversational AI and may completely 

change the way we interact with technology. 

Artificial intelligence chat software has been applied in many fields, and the education industry is one of 

them. Taking ChatGPT as an example, it has been used in classroom teaching in some foreign schools. 

At the beginning of 2023, listed companies such as Netease Youdao have announced investment in the 

ChatGPT field of the education model. Some domestic Internet companies such as Baidu also announced 

the development of related technologies with ChatGPT in the field of education. With the development 

of computer technology to the stage of artificial intelligence, its impact on international Chinese 

education has also been continuously strengthened, changing the original teaching methods. The 

application of artificial intelligence technology has changed and optimized the original language teaching 

methods, improved the efficiency and quality of language teaching, and also provided students with a 

more personalized and autonomous learning experience. However, artificial intelligence technology has 

its limitations, which cannot accurately analyze language and its environment, and cannot completely 

replace the original language teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the impact and challenges 

of artificial intelligence technology on international Chinese education. 

 

3. The Application Scenarios and Effects of ChatGPT in International Chinese Language 

Education 

Traditional Chinese learning mainly depends on teachers’ classroom teaching and students’ independent 

practice after class. Computer-assisted Chinese teaching is an important supplement to teachers’ 

classroom teaching. As the artifact of Chinese teachers, ChatGPT has a powerful teaching assistant 

function. It can provide international Chinese teachers with highly operational curriculum design, lesson 

preparation programs, classroom exercises, job evaluation, etc.; to help international Chinese teachers 

teach students in accordance with their aptitude, ChatGPT can predict learners’ preferences and errors in 

international Chinese learning according to students’ regional countries, learning motivation, mother 



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tongue background, age and other conditions, and design personalized learning conversation materials 

and reading texts for learners with different needs, so as to help teachers self-correct and learn in teaching 

content and teaching, and realize super-large-scale content generation and large-scale new knowledge 

emergence. The process of Chinese learning has changed from teacher-student dialogue to teacher-

machine-student dialogue. Machines have become important participants in the process of Chinese 

learning. At the same time, students use ChatGPT to learn Chinese, frequent human-computer interaction 

and constantly enriched corpus, the in-depth development of knowledge capital in the industry, and the 

iterative innovation of large models, so that the human-computer relationship has achieved symbiotic 

growth in the process of Chinese learning and realized the appreciation and co-creation of knowledge 

value. Flexible optimization and adjustment, improve the efficiency of teachers’ lesson preparation and 

reduce the workload of teachers. ChatGPT can also assist teachers to efficiently complete the routine 

management and communication of notice writing, mail arrangement, activity planning and other routine 

management and communication in the management of international Chinese education and reduce the 

burden of teaching administration for international Chinese teachers. 

In the past, Chinese learners usually relied on reference books or information retrieval tools for language 

learning and used character structure or pronunciation for semantic retrieval. The development of early 

artificial intelligence technology also helped the whole process of Chinese learning by optimizing 

retrieval strategies and improving retrieval efficiency. With the development of technology iteration, 

speech translation software based on artificial intelligence has begun to be popularized. Chinese learners 

can realize the screening and selection of Chinese educational resources through language question 

answering, information search, result matching and other steps. Compared with traditional machine 

learning and artificial intelligence technology applications, natural language processing (NPL) and 

general large models have gradually matured in understanding Chinese semantics and syntactic structures, 

giving ChatGPT a more powerful learning aid function. Through the multi-stage question-and-answer 

human-computer interaction, ChatGPT can realize the interactive connection between contexts, 

repeatedly ask the above, and infinitely inspire the following re-feedback or repetitive task execution, 

highlighting ChatGPT’s strong interactivity, fast responsiveness, and high accuracy. If the guide language 

can be set scientifically, learners can continue to talk with ChatGPT through standardized presupposition 

questions, so as to realize the knowledge explanation, example sentence demonstration, repeated practice, 

error analysis, accurate review and regular review of knowledge points such as new words, grammar and 

syntax, and form a complete and standardized learning closed loop. At the same time, the preset learner 

portrait, ChatGPT can also help Chinese learners to carry out research-based learning, provide learners 

with personalized Chinese teaching guidance, customize Chinese learning planning, promote the 

personalization of language teaching and learning process, create conditions for self-education and self-

development, and then realize the whole process reengineering of Chinese education. 

In the process of digital transformation, new models and new formats have emerged in the teaching 

resources of international Chinese education. Science and technology empowerment and scene expansion 



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have formed a three-dimensional development trend in the construction of digital resources of 

international Chinese education. In the construction of international Chinese education resources, 

ChatGPT can achieve more powerful functions, and the automatic emergence of resources will expand 

the space and field of Chinese learning and cultural communication. In the face of practical problems 

such as the shortage of international Chinese education resources, the lack of high-quality resources, and 

the imbalance between students and teachers, ChatGPT is integrated into international Chinese education. 

From the perspective of the supply side, it provides a student-centered training support program that is 

more in line with the laws of education. According to the learning needs, many localized, personalized, 

and three-dimensional learning resources are produced. Teachers, students, parents, education managers 

and researchers can easily realize the content construction of teaching resources. At the same time, this 

open-source artificial intelligence platform can realize the sharing and opening of Chinese education 

resources, which is helpful to reshape the teaching ecology, promote the international Chinese education 

to adapt to the changes and development of the times, promote the Chinese culture to the world, and 

realize a wider range of cultural exchanges and mutual learning. In addition, ChatGPT can also build a 

digital teaching ecosystem from the demand side. It can follow the demand orientation of Chinese 

learners, understand and master students’ learning situation according to learning experience and 

automatic evaluation, form personalized growth learning resources guided by students’ needs, and realize 

the precision and appropriateness of resource supply by docking needs. This is also an important 

development trend of international Chinese education resources. 

The main body of educational governance generally includes stakeholders such as government, schools, 

teachers, families, communities, society, and industry. Cooperative governance with multi-subject 

participation is an important feature of the modernization of educational governance. With the continuous 

advancement of the Internet and artificial intelligence technology, User Generated Content (UGC) has 

given new momentum to multi-agent participation in education quality. The application of ChatGPT in 

international Chinese education has changed the relationship between brain-like machine systems and 

learners, promoted the formation of a hybrid enhanced high-quality education and training model, and 

made machines one of the main bodies directly involved in international Chinese education. In fact, 

ChatGPT is becoming an important way for global Chinese learners to acquire knowledge. Different 

from the personalized recommendation mode of labeling the behavior data of international Chinese 

learners, it is more inclined to use the existing massive database to carry out deep learning and multi-

modal language pre-training model iteration. Through the task requirements and decision-making of 

international Chinese education, combined with self-correction and learning in the process of human-

computer interaction, it can achieve super-large-scale content generation and large-scale new knowledge 

emergence. 

 

 

 



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4. Challenges and Issues that ChatGPT May Pose 

But at the same time, we have to pay attention to ChatGPT brings us some new challenges. We have 

found that ChatGPT is not omnipotent, it may give us misleading, provide the wrong answer, which 

requires the use of its people could judge independently. We believe that the challenges brought by 

ChatGPT to international Chinese education mainly include the following aspects: 1). Traditional 

language teaching models are challenged. The traditional language teaching mode is face-to-face 

teaching and practice, in which teachers are in a dominant position. Cloud classroom, virtual classroom 

and smart classroom have broken the traditional language teaching mode and formed a new teaching 

pattern and teaching mode. The development of AI technology is a challenge to the traditional language 

teaching mode, and it is also a challenge to the newly developed teaching modes. We are forced to change 

our way of thinking. In addition to taking advantage of the convenience provided by ChatGPT, we must 

also guard against the risks it brings. 2). Teachers’ authority is challenged. Whether it is a traditional 

language teaching classroom, a virtual classroom, or a cloud classroom, the authority of teachers is 

unshakable. However, after the emergence of ChatGPT, learners can more easily use this new tool to 

obtain information. Ask the teacher with questions will gradually become ask the ChatGPT with 

questions. In many ways, the answers given by ChatGPT may be more comprehensive, more timely, 

more diverse, and more useful than the answers given by the teacher. In this sense, the authority of the 

teacher will be dispelled. In addition, the interaction between teachers and students increases the risk. If 

the answers given by teachers are different from those given by ChatGPT, learners may question the 

authority of teachers. After all, teachers are human beings. Compared with artificial intelligence, human 

knowledge reserve, human memory and human brain operation speed are inferior. Especially in the 

encyclopedia knowledge, teachers’ knowledge is limited. 3). Traditional textbooks and reference books 

are challenged. Whether it is a paper-based textbook or an electronic textbook, there is a flaw, that is, the 

lack of relevance. The previous solution is to carry a paper version of the dictionary or electronic 

dictionary with us in class, but these textbooks and dictionaries cannot be dynamically related. For 

example, we can find a word and know that the word has several meanings. However, if we want to know 

the relationship between this word and other words, the existing textbooks and dictionaries cannot be 

related. ChatGPT can make up for this deficiency. 4). Learners’ experience is challenged. Many people 

have their own successful experience in learning a language. These successful experiences are often very 

personalized. For example, some people memorize words through phonetic channels, some people 

memorize words through visual channels, some people increase their vocabulary through a lot of reading, 

some people increase their vocabulary through backing dictionaries, some people acquire language 

communicative competence through communication with people, and some people acquire language 

communicative competence through watching movies and TV dramas. After the emergence of ChatGPT, 

previous language learning experience may not work, because artificial intelligence can provide a more 

efficient way of learning, especially a general language model like ChatGPT can answer a variety of 

questions. Learners need to explore new learning paths and accumulate new learning experience. 5). 



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Creativity of learner autonomy is challenged. In the past teaching, the interaction between teachers and 

learners, the interaction between learners and learners is the most common way of interaction. In these 

interactions, learners give full play to their subjective initiative and give full play to the creative ability 

of individual learning. After the emergence of ChatGPT, this way of interaction will be affected, learners 

will interact more with ChatGPT, learners’ autonomous learning ability will be challenged, and excessive 

reliance on ChatGPT will have unpredictable consequences. If ChatGPT provides misleading answers, 

it’s really a letter is better than no book. With the development of artificial intelligence, greater challenges 

are still behind. GPT’s upgrade iteration and other revolutionary changes in AI technology may one day 

make us no longer need to learn foreign languages. Many people will lose their jobs at that time. 

Chomsky said in recent interviews and articles that ChatGPT has no help in destroying education and 

understanding language and cognition, but plagiarism under the blessing of high technology will bring a 

fundamentally flawed concept of language and knowledge into our technology and must be strictly 

guarded. The deeper problem is that ChatGPT may accelerate the spread of Chinese knowledge, but it 

can never replace the cultivation of people and the inheritance of culture behind Chinese education. 

Because the essence of human beings is the unity of knowledge, emotion and intention, the seeds of 

education should include virtue and belief in addition to knowledge. Knowledge education and 

examination using artificial intelligence transmission and assistance is only a small part of human 

learning, education, and testing, and is by no means a decisive part. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent 

ChatGPT from alienating knowledge transfer, including ability, into all aspects of education. As an 

international Chinese educator and researcher, we need to reflect that in the context of the ChatGPT 

pandemic, it is important to teach learners Chinese knowledge and skills, but it is more important to teach 

global Chinese learners the emotions between man and nature, man and man, man and society behind 

Chinese culture, and teach them the will to move forward or the flexible and flexible talents under the 

influence of Chinese culture. Finally, the need for further reflection on human learning and artificial 

intelligence is that Michel Foucault critically predicted back in the 1960s that human beings are subject 

to labor, life and language, no doubt limited, but it is hard to put the role of infinite, absolute, creator to 

a limited person, making people overwhelmed and expansive. Therefore, we should be aware that 

artificial intelligence may bring us liberation, but we should also prevent, limit, and transcend the new 

constraints that artificial intelligence may bring us. 

In the face of ChatGPT, a new thing, we realize that we should do our work in the following three aspects. 

First, enhance the ability of innovative thinking. The application of ChatGPT technology in the field of 

education not only requires teachers to have scientific and technological literacy, but also requires 

teachers to have innovative thinking ability. Through continuous innovation, we should combine 

ChatGPT technology with course content to improve students’ learning effect. At the same time, we 

should improve our own scientific and technological literacy and moral cultivation. Teachers are the main 

body of education. While improving their scientific and technological literacy and improving their ability 

to use ChatGPT technology, they should further strengthen their moral cultivation and avoid the abuse 



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of ChatGPT technology in teaching. In addition, we should also pay attention to the proper use of 

ChatGPT technology. ChatGPT technology should be used moderately, it cannot replace the traditional 

way of education. Education should be people oriented. We need to pay attention to the cultivation of 

students’ emotional experience and thinking ability, rather than simply using Chat GPT technology to 

complete teaching tasks. We consider some of the methods that may be better for your reference: (1) Use 

ChatGPT technology for adaptive teaching. Using the adaptive function of Chat GPT technology, 

according to students’ learning situation and personalized needs, it provides students with personalized 

teaching programs to help students better grasp knowledge. (2) Using ChatGPT technology to construct 

knowledge graph. Through ChatGPT technology, a knowledge graph is constructed to classify and 

correlate knowledge points and concepts, so that students can better understand the relationship and 

connotation between knowledge points. (3) Use ChatGPT technology for intelligent question answering. 

Using ChatGPT technology for intelligent question answering can help students better solve problems 

and improve learning efficiency. Secondly, strengthen data protection. The application of ChatGPT 

technology in the field of education requires a large amount of personal information and learning data. 

Therefore, we should strengthen the awareness of data protection and ensure that students’ privacy is 

fully protected. Finally, establish a regulatory mechanism. To supervise the application of ChatGPT 

technology in the field of education and prevent its misuse and abuse. At the same time, an evaluation 

mechanism should be established to evaluate the effect of ChatGPT technology in the field of education 

in order to continuously improve and enhance. 

 

5. Conclusion 

In short, I believe that the emergence of Chat GPT has a great impact on education, especially in 

international Chinese language education. Daniel Pinker, a futurist, lists six basic abilities to lead the 

future in his book New Thinking, which are design sense, story power, symphony, empathy, entertainment 

sense and meaning sense. Daniel Pinker pointed out that the new thinking talents with these six abilities 

are the necessary qualities to adapt to the future development and win the future. Only by constantly 

improving students’ artistic ability, honing non-standard skills and looking for non-standard track, can 

the students be irreplaceable in the future. Since technology has emerged, we should actively face, multi-

faceted research and discussion. It can be predicted that with the gradual promotion and application of 

ChatGPT in teaching, it will help students better learn and master knowledge, improve learning effect, 

and also help teachers improve their own ability. If we actively respond, we will surely be able to foster 

strengths and circumvent weaknesses, so that future education will produce a new revolution along with 

the development of artificial intelligence. 

 

 

 

 



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