





































Education, Language and Sociology Research 

ISSN 2690-3644 (Print) ISSN 2690-3652 (Online) 

Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr 

74 
 

Original Paper 

China’s Images in Self-Media Videos after the Implementation 

of China’s Visa-Free Policy: The First 2 Years 

Tianyi Gan1, Lingling Liu1* & Congying Zhang1 

1 School of Foreign Languages, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China 

* Lingling Liu, e-mail: liulingling@ctgu.edu.cn  

 

Received: April 5, 2025       Accepted: April 23, 2025     Online Published: May 8, 2025 

doi:10.22158/elsr.v6n2p74       URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v6n2p74 

 

Abstract 

After the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Policy in 2023, China’s tourism industry has ushered in a 

new era of prosperity. At the same time, as social media continues to rise in popularity, many facets of 

China, including its cuisine and traditional culture, have been widely shared, prompting more and more 

international travelers to opt for China as their destination. This article studies 20 Self-Media Videos 

about travel to China following the announcement of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy, which were posted 

by self-media bloggers from ten various nations or regions. Based on the Positive Discourse Analysis 

theoretical framework, in light of Appraisal System Theory, by examining the keywords including high-

frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs, this article seeks to investigate China’s image through 

corpus analysis. This research indicates that after the implementation of the visa-free policy, more and 

more foreign tourists have come to China. They have discovered that China has acquired new images 

including cuisine, mobile payment and so on, and in their eyes, China’s image is positive and favorable. 

Keywords  

China’s image, China’s Visa Free Policy, Self-Media Videos, Appraisal System Theory, Corpus Analysis 

 

1. Introduction 

The inbound tourism business has once again benefited tremendously from China’s comprehensive 

relaxation and optimization of its visa-free transit policy. On December 17, 2024, the National 

Immigration Administration of China declared that it would further release and optimize the visa-free 

transit policy for foreigners. Foreigners can now stay in China for 240 hours (10 days) without a visa, up 

from the previous 72 and 144-hour duration. At the same time, 21 new ports have been introduced as 

entry and exit ports for visa-free transit personnel, and the areas where they are permitted to stay and 

travel around have been substantially expanded (Wang J., 2024). In this context, the number of 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

75 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

international travelers to China has grown substantially more. As one of the largest online video platforms 

in the world, YouTube has developed to be a crucial tool for international bloggers to record, share and 

discuss their travel experiences, perceptions and attitudes in China. An increasing number of videos on 

“China Travel” and “China Visa Free” subjects continues to rise on the YouTube platform (Hu & Liu, 

2025). 

To data, many academics have studied discourse analysis through the Appraisal System Theory and the 

Self-Media Videos have also been studied in other areas. For instance, with the goal to fully present a 

positive image of China under the initiative of “building a community with a shared future for mankind,” 

Luo et al. (2022) studied the Positive Discourse Analysis of Journalistic Discourses about Sino-Foreign 

Relations from the Attitude Perspective of Appraisal Theory. Their findings demonstrate that the 

journalistic discourse uses a large number of positive words and contexts to create a harmonious linguistic 

environment. Furthermore, Liu et al. (2025) conducted a cross-cultural communication study through the 

Self-Media Videos of bloggers visiting China from the perspective of Frame Theory. Their research 

results prove that the bloggers objectively evaluated the current situation of China, especially expressing 

amazement regarding the convenience of transportation and safety of living in China.  

However, through the literature reviews, we find that no scholar has studied the texts transferred from 

the Self-Media Videos after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy by using the 

Appraisal System theory. In this article, based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical framework, 

in light of Appraisal System Theory, we examine the keywords including high-frequency nouns, affective 

adjectives and verbs through the corpus analysis in order to identify the following questions: 1) What 

kinds of China’ images have been demonstrated by using the high-frequency nouns in keywords? 2)What 

kinds of China’ images have been demonstrated by using the attitudinal resources? 

 

2. Research Method and Procedures 

2.1 Data Collection 

By searching for pertinent keywords on the YouTube video platform, we were able to find an extensive 

number of self-media bloggers pertaining to the topics of “China Travel” and “China Visa Free” for this 

post. We identified 20 relevant self-media videos based on the videos’ release dates, number of views 

and likes. The computation was based on the total number of likes divided by the number of chosen 

videos, and the average number of likes was approximately 15.4k (as of December 2024). The videos 

came from self-media bloggers in various nations or areas, as shown in Table 1: There are four videos 

from the USA and six from the UK. A pertinent video has been gathered for each of the following 

countries: South Africa, Ireland, Australia, Russia, South East Asia, and Spanish. Additionally, two pairs 

of videos from each Canada and Germany have been chosen. 

Regarding when the videos have been released, the 20 self-media videos that we gathered predominantly 

span the years 2023-2025. Only one video, produced by Josie from Australia, was released on October 

1st, 2023. There were sixteen videos in 2024: only one video per month in January, February, March, 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

76 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

October, November, and December; two videos per month in May, August, and September; and the 

remaining four videos were mostly released in June. The videos that were made public in 2025 

concentrated largely on January and February. It is evident from the date of release that the research 

materials collected in this study date back to the first 2 years of China’s policy of granting visa-free travel 

to its territory. The primary focus of the video research is on self-media videos that were uploaded to 

YouTube following the implementation of China’s original policy, which waived visas for foreigners 

traveling through the country for up to 144 hours. 

 

Table 1. Classification(Nations/Areas) 

Nations/Areas Self-Media Bloggers Sum 

UK Joel and Emilia Hutchinsons 
Jay and 

Karolina 

Harry 

Jaggard 

Sarah and 

Callum 
Nahana 6 

USA 
Sammy and 

Tommy 

Doug 

Barnard 
Chris Rodriguez Emma and Ofer 4 

Australia Josie 1 

South Africa Lizzy 1 

Ireland Luck and Naomi 1 

Russia Margarita 1 

German Deana and Phil Claudia and Thomas 2 

South East Asia Viyom 1 

Canada Jenn and Leon Shae and David 2 

Spanish Oliver Dadema 1 

 

2.2 Transcription 

After collecting these 20 Self-Media videos, we first converted the original 20 video resources into 

corresponding 20 text resources through the Simple Listen and Write app (Appendix 1). However, 

through manual comparison, we found that the accuracy rate of the text conversion was only 89%. 

Therefore, we employed the Dual Review and Discussion Method: we assigned the 20 computer-

converted texts to two groups of English major scholars, asking them to independently read and proofread 

the accuracy of the texts. Each group marked the errors or inaccuracies in the texts based on their own 

understanding and standards. Then, we compared and analyzed the text markings and annotations from 

the two groups. Based on the discussion results, we corrected the texts to ensure their accuracy. Through 

this series of operations, we obtained the final 20 target texts for the research. These 20 target texts 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

77 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

averaged 2,355 tokens, among which the text converted from Hutchinsons’ video reached 5,815 tokens, 

the largest among the 20 texts. 

2.3 Corpus Analysis 

When put all final 20 target texts together, we formed the target corpus. The target corpus for this article 

is COCVFV (Corpus Of China Visa Free Vlogs), which we generated by converting 20 videos from 

different self-media platforms into 20 texts. In total, there are 4,133 types, 47,109 tokens, and 20 files in 

the target corpus. At the same time, in order to eliminate some function terms that had a high frequency 

of occurrence but no useful meaning in the target corpus which can better highlight the distinctive 

linguistic characteristics of this corpus, we performed a comparative analysis after implementing a 

second reference corpus, AmE06_A_Press_Reportage Corpus (Potts, A. & Baker, P., 2012), by using the 

corpus analysis program AntConc (Anthony, 2019). Under this method, the keywords we obtain are more 

accurate and suitable for our research. 

2.4 Analytical Framework 

In the late 1990s, British academic Martin proposed the traditional idea of positive discourse analysis 

(Martin, 2004) at the International Symposium on Critical Discourse Analysis. This idea is related to the 

analysis of critical discourse. Given the limitations of critical discourse analysis, we propose the idea of 

positive discourse analysis, which aims to create an ideal human society through positive discourse by 

approaching and resolving societal conflicts and inequities with a constructive and upbeat mindset. 

Meanwhile, the Appraisal System states that attitude is made up of three components: affect, judgment, 

and appreciation. Emotional reactions to things, including joy, sadness, hatred, etc., are referred to as 

affect. Unhappiness, insecurity, and dissatisfaction make up affect. Positive or negative evaluations, such 

praising, condemning, blaming, or admiring, are related to this judgment. Normalcy, capability, tenacity, 

honesty, and propriety are the five components of judgment. Appreciation is the evaluation of 

aesthetically pleasing natural events. Reaction, composition, and appraisal are the three categories of 

appreciation (Martin & White, 2005). This article based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical 

framework, we examine the keywords including high-frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs, 

seeking to demonstrate the China images through corpus analysis and Appraisal System. 

Initially, We embark on seeking to find the nouns that appear unexpectedly frequently. We define the 

keywords as “a word form or cluster of words that are statistically more frequent in a corpus than 

expected” (Hyland & Jiang, 2020, p. 8) in addition to raw frequency counts. The concept and primary 

material of the text can be effectively reflected by these keywords and their collocates. These high-

frequency nouns among the keywords can accurately represent the primary concern of international 

visitors to China so as to demonstrate what kind of China image is in the Self-Media videos. 

Furthermore, out of interest, we wish to reveal their individual attitudes when they travel China so as to 

demonstrate what kind of China image is in the eyes of foreign travelers. As a result, we concentrate on 

the affective verbs and adjectives in keywords. By using the Appraisal System Theory that we mentioned 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

78 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

above to discuss the affective verbs and adjectives we collected, we are able to recognize and classify the 

attitudes of the travelers and the China image in their eyes. 

Summarizing that what we have discussed above, through the concerns and attitude of international 

visitors, we can distinctly discuss the China’s images in the Self-Media videos after the implementation 

of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy in the first 2 years. 

 

3. High-Frequency Nouns Analysis 

We started out identified the top 100 high-frequency words in the target corpus and compared them with 

the reference corpus AmE06_A_Press_Reportage Corpus in order to figure out the primary concerns that 

foreign friends focus on during their visit China. At the same time, we were able to uncover additional 

particular uses through recurrent lexical linkages by looking at these items in relation to the words they 

most frequently co-occurred with as well as their immediate left or right collocates (Lai, 2019; Potts et 

al., 2015). Next, we especially examined the keywords’ keyness (Likelihood). The term’s keyness for the 

text: a high keyness means that the word performs a major role in the text’s discourse. Inside AntConc, 

a Log-Likelihood (4-term) statistical analysis is used to calculate it. A term that is characteristically 

missing from the text is indicated by a negative keyness (Gabrielatos, 2018). High-frequency nouns that 

can represent the main points of foreign friends are displayed in Table 2 (some extraneous words are 

omitted). 

 

Table 2. High-Frequency Nouns and Keyness (Likelihood) 

Number Type 
Keyness 

(Likelihood) 
Number Type 

Keyness 

(Likelihood) 

9 China 574.595 76 Hotel 61.964 

23 Chinese 184.956 77 Alipay 61.669 

31 Food 136.823 82 Cities 59.934 

60 Metro 83.253 95 App 46.781 

74 Train 65.528 99 Wechat 44.654 

 

Table 2 illustrates the evidence that the word “China” is a very high-frequency noun, appearing far more 

frequently than other items. The following could be the causes of this phenomenon: (1) The theme of 

“China Travel” is present in all of the texts we examined; (2) Collocation analysis of China (Table 3) 

reveals that words like “impressions” and “about” indicate that foreigners’ primary interest in Chinese 

tourism is based on their perceptions of China and associated elements of the country in general. 

 

 

 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

79 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

Table 3. Collocates of China 

Collocate Rank Freq(Scaled) FreqLR FreqL FreqR Range Likelihood Effect 

in 1 7260 148 121 27 20 129.326 1.564 

first 2 960 28 23 5 9 38.618 2.08 

about 3 1520 35 27 8 14 35.945 1.739 

to 4 10740 119 86 33 17 23.81 0.684 

month 5 70 6 4 2 3 19.665 3.636 

impressions 6 150 8 8 0 3 19.143 2.951 

of 7 7460 85 68 17 15 18.755 0.724 

 

The items “Chinese” and “Food” are both high-frequency nouns with keyness scores in excess of 100. 

To discuss these two words, we use the AntConc and find out the collocate of the word “Food”. 

Surprisingly, we can find that the two terms have a strong association, because the Likelihood between 

“Food” and “Chinese” is up to 30.079. Therefore, it is apparently that when foreigners travel China, they 

usually concentrate on Chinese cuisine. They believe that Chinese food, particularly “pot”, is cheap and 

excellent, and that it also embodies “culture”. 

Along with the above listed terms, in the Table 2 “Metro, Train, Hotel, Alipay, Cities, APP, Wechat” also 

show up a lot within the top 100 high-frequency words. Just like the reaserch done by Liu et al (2025), it 

show that the convenience of transportation in China really attracts foreign travelers. Besides, with the 

development of high technology and wide spread of mobile payments, more foreign visitors show great 

interest and passion for apps like Alipay and Wechat. At the same time, we can find that accommodations 

and China’s modern infrastructure development in cities are also the concerns of them. 

 

Table 4. Collocates of Food 

Collocate Rank Freq(Scaled) FreqLR FreqL FreqR Range Likelihood Effect 

Chinese 1 1090 14 12 2 6 30.079 2.765 

eating 2 170 6 4 2 5 24.001 4.224 

food 3 890 10 5 5 4 19.178 2.572 

cheap 4 160 5 4 1 3 18.827 4.048 

good 5 1350 12 7 5 7 18.436 2.234 

pot 6 90 4 1 3 1 17.787 4.556 

some 7 1210 11 10 1 6 17.285 2.267 

culture 8 140 4 4 0 3 14.375 3.919 

 

Overall, based on all the data we have studied and the results drawn from the analysis, we can find that 

when foreign tourists travel to China, they first focus on the country itself and what kind of impression 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

80 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

it leaves on them. Secondly, Chinese cuisine has become a new China image after porcelain. Almost all 

foreign tourists are very concerned about Chinese cuisine, and characteristic Chinese foods such as hot 

pot have become new images for China. At the same time, with the continuous innovation and 

development of technology, mobile payment and convenient transportation have also become new China 

images, too. Furthermore, during their travels, foreign tourists are amazed by the convenience brought 

by mobile payment and diverse transportation. 

 

4. Attitude Analysis in Terms of Appraisal System 

As along with discussing a few common nouns, we also concentrate affective adjectives and verbs, which 

are included into the top 100 most common keywords In spite of focusing on the main concerns of foreign 

travelers, we also need to be aware of and comprehend the attitudes of the foreign people who are 

traveling. Thus, using the Appraisal System (Martin & White, 2005), we investigate how foreign visitors 

feel about visiting China based on the theoretical framework of Positive Discourse Analysis. After that, 

it can also demonstrate what kinds of China images in the eyes of foreign travelers. 

 

Table 5. Keywords Of Emotional Adjectives and Verbs 

Number Type 
Keyness 

(Likelihood) 
Number Type 

Keyness 

(Likelihood) 

6 Like 993.663 57 Cool 84.839 

25 Nice 171.8 62 Amazing 81.806 

47 Good 97.297 68 Beautiful 72.358 

49 Super 91.448 86 Excited 56.538 

 

Table 5 makes it abundantly evident that the affective verb “Like” occurs frequently, with a keyness 

(likelihood) of 993.663. A common expression of emotional appraisal, “like” immediately reflects the 

speaker’s subjective emotional response when it is used to convey a person’s preference for something 

or an affirmative emotional propensity. Thus, it demonstrates the international visitors’ positive attitude 

towards this country and love of Chinese cuisine and journey to China (1 and 2):  

(1) we just saw a guy with these noodles and we are like, yeah. (Emma and Ofer) 

(2) Life is going on here. The life. I love it. (Margarita) 

Among the remaining frequently used affective adjectives, those like “nice, beautiful, amazing, cool, 

super” all fall under the category of “Appreciation”: “nice” directly reflects a positive evaluation of 

something and belongs to valuation in the context of appreciation (3): this foreign travelers appreciate 

the accommodation as nice; “Beautiful” describes the aesthetic appeal of something and belongs to 

reaction in appreciation, emphasizing the sensory or emotional response triggered by the thing (4): they 

thinks the urban greening like flowers in cities are beautiful; “Amazing” and “Cool” express the 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

81 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

astonishing or attractive qualities of something, belonging to Reaction (5 and 6): the scenery spot as well 

as skylines of city is amazing and cool in their eyes ; “Super” is used to emphasize the excellence of 

something and belongs to Valuation (7): The infrastructures in China is super modern. These words all 

carry positive meanings and appreciations. Therefore, from all the affective adjectives above, it can be 

concluded that foreign tourists view Chinese things in an appreciative manner, which also confirms a 

positive attitude. 

(3) A private room, so that’s nice. This is the bathroom. (Luck and Naomi) 

(4) Let’s go. Looks so beautiful, and let’s say hi to my followers. (Margarita) 

(5) the skylines of every single city were absolutely amazing. (Hutchinsons) 

(6) This is cool Oh, it’s cool. (Josie) 

(7) And yeah, just like super modern, super advanced, super clean. (Harry Jaggard) 

“Excited” is a word that expresses enthusiasm and belongs within the emotional system’s happiness 

category. “Excited” and “nervous” are typically used together in this article’s corpus, while “positively” 

usually appears before these terms by visitors from different nations. They arrive in China that they have 

never visited before, so they are both anxious and excited. Nevertheless, with the “positively” before 

these two items, it is an active feeling regardless of whether it is “nervous” or “excited” (9): 

(9) I’m like very positively excited and positively nervous. (Luck and Naomi) 

Last but not least, there are two distinct meanings for “good”. It falls under the valuation of appreciation 

when it is used to describe things rather than people’s moral behavior (10): Chinese people are friendly; 

it falls under the judgment of social esteem, which emphasizes ability or moral standards, when it is used 

to assess people’s behavior (11): Chinese cuisine is really tasty. Although this target corpus covers both 

scenarios, it can be inferred that international visitors’ perceptions of both Chinese cuisine and people 

are generally favorable.  

(10) The food was really good (Hutchinsons) 

(11) Chinese is very good. (Josie) 

Based on the results we have discussed above, high-frequency affective adjectives and verbs such as 

“Like, Nice, beautiful, Amazing, Cool, Super, Cool, Amazing, Beautiful and Excited” all demonstrate 

the foreign tourists’ fondness and positive attitude towards traveling in China. From this, we can also 

prove that after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy, China’s image has become more 

positive and favorable. More and more foreigners have come to know and like this country through their 

personal experiences. 

 

5. Conclusion 

We have examined the items in a 47109-token corpus based on collocations of 20 self-media videos from 

ten various countries or regions in order to comprehend the primary concerns that foreign visitors have 

when traveling China as well as their attitudes toward the country so that we can investigate the China 

images behind them. 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

82 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

In order to address the aforementioned research questions, we used AntConc to find the top 100 most 

common keywords including high-frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs. Based on the high 

frequency of nouns like China, Chinese, Food, Metro, Train, Hotel, Alipay, Cities, APP, and Wechat, we 

can find that, when foreign tourists embark on journeys to China, their initial curiosity centers on the 

nation as a whole and the impressions it cultivates in their minds. Following closely behind, Chinese 

cuisine has emerged as a new China image like the porcelain. The vast majority of international visitors 

harbor a keen interest in the culinary offerings of China, with distinctive dishes like hot pot now serving 

as novel representations of the country. Additionally, the ongoing advancements and evolution of 

technology have propelled mobile payment systems and efficient transportation networks into the 

spotlight, showing as the China’s images, too.  

At the same time, based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical framework, we categorized the 

affective adjectives and verbs in the keyword collection, including Like, Nice, Good, Super, Cool, 

Amazing, Beautiful, and Excited, in order to better understand the foreign travelers’ attitudes towards 

traveling to China. We discuss the results using the Appraisal System Theory and consistently concluded 

that international visitors had a positive and optimistic viewpoint regarding China Travel. In their point 

of view, China’s image is positive and favorable. 

Based on the topics we discussed above, China has been a popular travel destination since China’s Visa-

Free Transit Policy Policy was put into effect. In general, foreign visitors tend to see Chinese tourism 

favorably. When they travel, they concentrate on the nation itself, as well as on food, lodging, modes of 

transportation, and payment options. China has to do better in these areas which concern international 

travelers so that China’s tourism industry will undoubtedly flourish in the future. 

The article at present only focuses on the substance of 20 videos of foreign visitors that were published 

during the first 2 years after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy.  China’s Visa-Free 

Transit Policy Policy has advanced significantly to date, giving an increasing number of international 

visitors the chance to visit China for an extended period of time and experience this stunning nation. 

More texts and corpus on this issue can be included in future research on this topic. We anticipate 

additional findings from everyone’s research on this topic. 

 

References 

Anthony, L. (2019). AntConc. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Retrieved from 

http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/ 

Bednarek, M., & Caple, H. (2012). News discourse. London: Continuum.  

Bednarek, M., & Caple, H. (2014). Why do news values matter? Towards a new methodological 

framework for analysing news discourse in critical discourse analysis and beyond. Discourse & 

Society, 252, 135-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926513516041 



www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

83 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

Dominique Dias, « Émotion et évaluation: le cas des adjectifs affectifs dans les critiques de Marcel Reich-

Ranicki », Germanica [En ligne], 65 | 2019, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2022, consulté le 08 janvier 

2022. https://doi.org/10.4000/germanica.7902 

Gabrielatos, C. (2018). Keyness analysis: Nature, metrics and techniques. In C. Taylor & A. Marchi 

(Eds.), Corpus approaches to discourse: A critical review (pp. 225-258). Routledge. 

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315179346-11 

Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (2020). “This work is antithetical to the spirit of research”: An anatomy of harsh 

peer reviews. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 46, 1-13. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100867 

Martin, J. R. (1992). English Text: System and structure. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.59 

Jiang, F. K., & Hyland, K. (2022). COVID-19 in the news: The first 12 months. International Journal of 

Applied Linguistics, 32(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12412 

Lai, H. (2019). Collocation analysis of news discourse and its ideological implications. Pragmatics, 294, 

545-570. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.17028.lai 

Liu, C. Q., & Hu, W. T. (2020). A Cross-cultural Communication Study of Travel Videos by Bloggers 

Visiting China from the Perspective of Frame Theory: Based on the Analysis of YouTube Video 

Samples. News World, 2, 49-52. 

Luo, D., Lin, Y. Y., & Zhang, L. (2022). Positive Discourse Analysis of Journalistic Discourses about 

Sino-Foreign Relations from the Attitude Perspective of Appraisal Theory. International Journal of 

Frontiers in Sociology, 4(2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFS.2022.040209 

Mahmudah, H., & Ningsih, H. K. (2021). THE ATTITUDINAL MEANING BUILT BY KONDE.CO 

REGARDING THE RATIFICATION OF CHEMICAL CASTRATION PENALTY. Language 

Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching, 5(2), 375-381. 

https://doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i2.4524 

Martin, J. R. (2000). Beyond exchange: APPRAISAL systems in English. Evaluation in text: Authorial 

stance and the construction of discourse. (Eds. S. Hunston and G. Thompson, pp. 142-175). Ox-

ford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198238546.003.0008  

Martin, J. R. (2004). Positive discourse analysis: Solidarity and change. Revista Canaria de Estudios 

Ingleses, 49, 179-200. 

Martin, J., & White, P. (2005). The language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York, USA: 

Palgrave.Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511910 

Potts, A., & Baker, P. (2012). Does semantic tagging identify cultural change in British and American 

English? International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 17(3), 295-324. 

https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17.3.01pot 

Potts, A., Bednarek, M., & Caple, H. (2015). How can computer-based methods help researchers to 

investigate news values in large datasets? A corpus linguistic study of the construction of 

https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12412


www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

84 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

newsworthiness in the reporting on Hurricane Katrina. Discourse & Communication, 92, 149-172. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481314568548 

Wang, J. (2024). China’s 240-hour visa-free transit policy covers 54 countries. The China Times, 006. 

 

Author Profile 

Tinyi Gan is a third-year Bachelor’s Degree Candidate at School of Foreign Languages of China Three 

Gorges University. 

Lingling Liu in an associate professor in China Three Gorges University and a mater supervisor for 

postgraduates majoring in both Applied Linguistics and English language teaching. Her research interests 

include second language writing, English for academic purposes, and English language teaching. 

Congying Zhang is a third-year Bachelor’s Degree Candidate at School of Foreign Languages of China 

Three Gorges University. 

 

Appendix 1 

Name and Address of Transcription Tool: 

Simple Listen and Write app https://tingji.baidu.com/embed/listennote 

 

Appendix 2 

List of Vlogs:  

Bloggers & Nations/Areas & Publish Time & Videos’ Address 

(1) Chris Rodriguez USA 2024.11.8 https://youtu.be/3qHP9Kbyumw?si=vnDbLyEw-SG2v6qX 

(2) Claudia and Thomas German 2024.12.9 https://youtu.be/MkBY-

an11Hs?si=6iOPjNXHV3aG-EcB 

(3) Deana and Phil German 2024.10.26 

https://youtu.be/P6xIBmjOO9g?si=9dWUny7uuOew4Vz4    2958 

(4) Doug Barnard US 2024.3.19 https://youtu.be/M_lwC5zPkyo?si=oUDnIrvo0YVDOUGO 

(5) Emma and Ofer USA 2024.2.16https://youtu.be/rz7mIarbxNY?si=krM2RSOdRXwP5GQm 

(6) Harry Jaggard UK 2024.1.27 https://youtu.be/K3X46veg64I?si=hKq8AKPGnAK75DpD  

924 

(7) Hutchinsons UK 2024.8.18 https://youtu.be/6ttRK5OMxf4?si=CXWHg2Rtu2RsSJWc 

(8) Jay and Karolina UK 2024.9.17 https://youtu.be/JZbcqi7lCIA?si=3y78lOSYOG4miF-r 

(9) Jenn and Leon Canada 2024.5.20 https://youtu.be/xQZbha1aJs4?si=gOhHP_mN_BKZRFzS 

(10) Joel and Emilia UK 2024.6.23 https://youtu.be/9bqFjcDeVIg?si=mVlX11Cjsf9Z66lo 

(11) Josie Australia 2023.10.1 https://youtu.be/b5FtjD2I8es?si=QeTPGVVrxF0pse17 

(12) Lizzy South Africa 2024.9.14 https://youtu.be/SBQoUPblK7c?si=vKlNoW8wz1YbBTyQ 

(13) Luck and Naomi Ireland 2024.5.9 https://youtu.be/BXk6mgHQ-

N8?si=oV4EkK6y_E_tkH1B 

https://youtu.be/3qHP9Kbyumw?si=vnDbLyEw-SG2v6qX
https://youtu.be/MkBY-an11Hs?si=6iOPjNXHV3aG-EcB
https://youtu.be/MkBY-an11Hs?si=6iOPjNXHV3aG-EcB
https://youtu.be/P6xIBmjOO9g?si=9dWUny7uuOew4Vz4
https://youtu.be/M_lwC5zPkyo?si=oUDnIrvo0YVDOUGO
https://youtu.be/rz7mIarbxNY?si=krM2RSOdRXwP5GQm
https://youtu.be/K3X46veg64I?si=hKq8AKPGnAK75DpD
https://youtu.be/6ttRK5OMxf4?si=CXWHg2Rtu2RsSJWc
https://youtu.be/JZbcqi7lCIA?si=3y78lOSYOG4miF-r
https://youtu.be/xQZbha1aJs4?si=gOhHP_mN_BKZRFzS
https://youtu.be/9bqFjcDeVIg?si=mVlX11Cjsf9Z66lo
https://youtu.be/b5FtjD2I8es?si=QeTPGVVrxF0pse17
https://youtu.be/SBQoUPblK7c?si=vKlNoW8wz1YbBTyQ
https://youtu.be/BXk6mgHQ-N8?si=oV4EkK6y_E_tkH1B
https://youtu.be/BXk6mgHQ-N8?si=oV4EkK6y_E_tkH1B


www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr              Education, Language and Sociology Research              Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 

85 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

(14) Margarita Russia 2024.8.8 https://youtu.be/CWVTZsu4elU?si=f64x1vD4nAcbC_dJ 

(15) Nahana UK 2025.2.2 https://youtu.be/70EdSbkqAWc?si=1HCSlZBqhMbjwmys 

(16) Oliver Dadema Spanish 2024.6.30 https://youtu.be/U3iK5EMB4SU?si=b8jK_2w-

56XWLpCw 

(17) Sammy and Tommy America 2024.6.2 

https://youtu.be/UL5e6qk3sLE?si=mY7qz8nEHlUGzMNQ 

(18) Sarah and Callum UK 2025.1.17 

https://youtu.be/TMbBmuw89w8?si=sLlMEAZMlVpxmQPp 

(19) Shae and David Canada 2024.6.9 https://youtu.be/F1hjZE66GD4?si=Ag7xavzSFmNwMhyc 

(20) Viyom South East Asia 2025.1.19 

https://youtu.be/uwXeNMAM_iA?si=Vj6_exeDp6pR5o5i’ 

 

Appendix 3 

Table. Length of the Final 20 Texts 

Bloggers Tokens of Texts Bloggers Tokens of Texts 

Chris Rodriguez 1570 Josie 4420 

Claudia and Thomas 1369 Lizzy 2296 

Deana and Phil 2958 Luck and Naomi 3106 

Doug Barnard 2130 Margarita 1715 

Emma and Ofer 2666 Nahana 851 

Harry Jaggard 924 Oliver Dadema 2059 

Hutchinsons 5815 Sammy and Tommy 2207 

Jay and Karolina 602 Sarah and Callum 2921 

Jenn and Leon 1346 Shae and David 1088 

Joel and Emilia 2872 Viyom 2151 

 

 

https://youtu.be/CWVTZsu4elU?si=f64x1vD4nAcbC_dJ
https://youtu.be/70EdSbkqAWc?si=1HCSlZBqhMbjwmys
https://youtu.be/U3iK5EMB4SU?si=b8jK_2w-56XWLpCw
https://youtu.be/U3iK5EMB4SU?si=b8jK_2w-56XWLpCw
https://youtu.be/UL5e6qk3sLE?si=mY7qz8nEHlUGzMNQ
https://youtu.be/TMbBmuw89w8?si=sLlMEAZMlVpxmQPp
https://youtu.be/F1hjZE66GD4?si=Ag7xavzSFmNwMhyc
https://youtu.be/uwXeNMAM_iA?si=Vj6_exeDp6pR5o5i’

