Education, Language and Sociology Research ISSN 2690-3644 (Print) ISSN 2690-3652 (Online) Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr 74 Original Paper China’s Images in Self-Media Videos after the Implementation of China’s Visa-Free Policy: The First 2 Years Tianyi Gan1, Lingling Liu1* & Congying Zhang1 1 School of Foreign Languages, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China * Lingling Liu, e-mail: liulingling@ctgu.edu.cn Received: April 5, 2025 Accepted: April 23, 2025 Online Published: May 8, 2025 doi:10.22158/elsr.v6n2p74 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v6n2p74 Abstract After the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Policy in 2023, China’s tourism industry has ushered in a new era of prosperity. At the same time, as social media continues to rise in popularity, many facets of China, including its cuisine and traditional culture, have been widely shared, prompting more and more international travelers to opt for China as their destination. This article studies 20 Self-Media Videos about travel to China following the announcement of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy, which were posted by self-media bloggers from ten various nations or regions. Based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical framework, in light of Appraisal System Theory, by examining the keywords including high- frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs, this article seeks to investigate China’s image through corpus analysis. This research indicates that after the implementation of the visa-free policy, more and more foreign tourists have come to China. They have discovered that China has acquired new images including cuisine, mobile payment and so on, and in their eyes, China’s image is positive and favorable. Keywords China’s image, China’s Visa Free Policy, Self-Media Videos, Appraisal System Theory, Corpus Analysis 1. Introduction The inbound tourism business has once again benefited tremendously from China’s comprehensive relaxation and optimization of its visa-free transit policy. On December 17, 2024, the National Immigration Administration of China declared that it would further release and optimize the visa-free transit policy for foreigners. Foreigners can now stay in China for 240 hours (10 days) without a visa, up from the previous 72 and 144-hour duration. At the same time, 21 new ports have been introduced as entry and exit ports for visa-free transit personnel, and the areas where they are permitted to stay and travel around have been substantially expanded (Wang J., 2024). In this context, the number of www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 75 Published by SCHOLINK INC. international travelers to China has grown substantially more. As one of the largest online video platforms in the world, YouTube has developed to be a crucial tool for international bloggers to record, share and discuss their travel experiences, perceptions and attitudes in China. An increasing number of videos on “China Travel” and “China Visa Free” subjects continues to rise on the YouTube platform (Hu & Liu, 2025). To data, many academics have studied discourse analysis through the Appraisal System Theory and the Self-Media Videos have also been studied in other areas. For instance, with the goal to fully present a positive image of China under the initiative of “building a community with a shared future for mankind,” Luo et al. (2022) studied the Positive Discourse Analysis of Journalistic Discourses about Sino-Foreign Relations from the Attitude Perspective of Appraisal Theory. Their findings demonstrate that the journalistic discourse uses a large number of positive words and contexts to create a harmonious linguistic environment. Furthermore, Liu et al. (2025) conducted a cross-cultural communication study through the Self-Media Videos of bloggers visiting China from the perspective of Frame Theory. Their research results prove that the bloggers objectively evaluated the current situation of China, especially expressing amazement regarding the convenience of transportation and safety of living in China. However, through the literature reviews, we find that no scholar has studied the texts transferred from the Self-Media Videos after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy by using the Appraisal System theory. In this article, based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical framework, in light of Appraisal System Theory, we examine the keywords including high-frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs through the corpus analysis in order to identify the following questions: 1) What kinds of China’ images have been demonstrated by using the high-frequency nouns in keywords? 2)What kinds of China’ images have been demonstrated by using the attitudinal resources? 2. Research Method and Procedures 2.1 Data Collection By searching for pertinent keywords on the YouTube video platform, we were able to find an extensive number of self-media bloggers pertaining to the topics of “China Travel” and “China Visa Free” for this post. We identified 20 relevant self-media videos based on the videos’ release dates, number of views and likes. The computation was based on the total number of likes divided by the number of chosen videos, and the average number of likes was approximately 15.4k (as of December 2024). The videos came from self-media bloggers in various nations or areas, as shown in Table 1: There are four videos from the USA and six from the UK. A pertinent video has been gathered for each of the following countries: South Africa, Ireland, Australia, Russia, South East Asia, and Spanish. Additionally, two pairs of videos from each Canada and Germany have been chosen. Regarding when the videos have been released, the 20 self-media videos that we gathered predominantly span the years 2023-2025. Only one video, produced by Josie from Australia, was released on October 1st, 2023. There were sixteen videos in 2024: only one video per month in January, February, March, www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 76 Published by SCHOLINK INC. October, November, and December; two videos per month in May, August, and September; and the remaining four videos were mostly released in June. The videos that were made public in 2025 concentrated largely on January and February. It is evident from the date of release that the research materials collected in this study date back to the first 2 years of China’s policy of granting visa-free travel to its territory. The primary focus of the video research is on self-media videos that were uploaded to YouTube following the implementation of China’s original policy, which waived visas for foreigners traveling through the country for up to 144 hours. Table 1. Classification(Nations/Areas) Nations/Areas Self-Media Bloggers Sum UK Joel and Emilia Hutchinsons Jay and Karolina Harry Jaggard Sarah and Callum Nahana 6 USA Sammy and Tommy Doug Barnard Chris Rodriguez Emma and Ofer 4 Australia Josie 1 South Africa Lizzy 1 Ireland Luck and Naomi 1 Russia Margarita 1 German Deana and Phil Claudia and Thomas 2 South East Asia Viyom 1 Canada Jenn and Leon Shae and David 2 Spanish Oliver Dadema 1 2.2 Transcription After collecting these 20 Self-Media videos, we first converted the original 20 video resources into corresponding 20 text resources through the Simple Listen and Write app (Appendix 1). However, through manual comparison, we found that the accuracy rate of the text conversion was only 89%. Therefore, we employed the Dual Review and Discussion Method: we assigned the 20 computer- converted texts to two groups of English major scholars, asking them to independently read and proofread the accuracy of the texts. Each group marked the errors or inaccuracies in the texts based on their own understanding and standards. Then, we compared and analyzed the text markings and annotations from the two groups. Based on the discussion results, we corrected the texts to ensure their accuracy. Through this series of operations, we obtained the final 20 target texts for the research. These 20 target texts www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 77 Published by SCHOLINK INC. averaged 2,355 tokens, among which the text converted from Hutchinsons’ video reached 5,815 tokens, the largest among the 20 texts. 2.3 Corpus Analysis When put all final 20 target texts together, we formed the target corpus. The target corpus for this article is COCVFV (Corpus Of China Visa Free Vlogs), which we generated by converting 20 videos from different self-media platforms into 20 texts. In total, there are 4,133 types, 47,109 tokens, and 20 files in the target corpus. At the same time, in order to eliminate some function terms that had a high frequency of occurrence but no useful meaning in the target corpus which can better highlight the distinctive linguistic characteristics of this corpus, we performed a comparative analysis after implementing a second reference corpus, AmE06_A_Press_Reportage Corpus (Potts, A. & Baker, P., 2012), by using the corpus analysis program AntConc (Anthony, 2019). Under this method, the keywords we obtain are more accurate and suitable for our research. 2.4 Analytical Framework In the late 1990s, British academic Martin proposed the traditional idea of positive discourse analysis (Martin, 2004) at the International Symposium on Critical Discourse Analysis. This idea is related to the analysis of critical discourse. Given the limitations of critical discourse analysis, we propose the idea of positive discourse analysis, which aims to create an ideal human society through positive discourse by approaching and resolving societal conflicts and inequities with a constructive and upbeat mindset. Meanwhile, the Appraisal System states that attitude is made up of three components: affect, judgment, and appreciation. Emotional reactions to things, including joy, sadness, hatred, etc., are referred to as affect. Unhappiness, insecurity, and dissatisfaction make up affect. Positive or negative evaluations, such praising, condemning, blaming, or admiring, are related to this judgment. Normalcy, capability, tenacity, honesty, and propriety are the five components of judgment. Appreciation is the evaluation of aesthetically pleasing natural events. Reaction, composition, and appraisal are the three categories of appreciation (Martin & White, 2005). This article based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical framework, we examine the keywords including high-frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs, seeking to demonstrate the China images through corpus analysis and Appraisal System. Initially, We embark on seeking to find the nouns that appear unexpectedly frequently. We define the keywords as “a word form or cluster of words that are statistically more frequent in a corpus than expected” (Hyland & Jiang, 2020, p. 8) in addition to raw frequency counts. The concept and primary material of the text can be effectively reflected by these keywords and their collocates. These high- frequency nouns among the keywords can accurately represent the primary concern of international visitors to China so as to demonstrate what kind of China image is in the Self-Media videos. Furthermore, out of interest, we wish to reveal their individual attitudes when they travel China so as to demonstrate what kind of China image is in the eyes of foreign travelers. As a result, we concentrate on the affective verbs and adjectives in keywords. By using the Appraisal System Theory that we mentioned www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 78 Published by SCHOLINK INC. above to discuss the affective verbs and adjectives we collected, we are able to recognize and classify the attitudes of the travelers and the China image in their eyes. Summarizing that what we have discussed above, through the concerns and attitude of international visitors, we can distinctly discuss the China’s images in the Self-Media videos after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy in the first 2 years. 3. High-Frequency Nouns Analysis We started out identified the top 100 high-frequency words in the target corpus and compared them with the reference corpus AmE06_A_Press_Reportage Corpus in order to figure out the primary concerns that foreign friends focus on during their visit China. At the same time, we were able to uncover additional particular uses through recurrent lexical linkages by looking at these items in relation to the words they most frequently co-occurred with as well as their immediate left or right collocates (Lai, 2019; Potts et al., 2015). Next, we especially examined the keywords’ keyness (Likelihood). The term’s keyness for the text: a high keyness means that the word performs a major role in the text’s discourse. Inside AntConc, a Log-Likelihood (4-term) statistical analysis is used to calculate it. A term that is characteristically missing from the text is indicated by a negative keyness (Gabrielatos, 2018). High-frequency nouns that can represent the main points of foreign friends are displayed in Table 2 (some extraneous words are omitted). Table 2. High-Frequency Nouns and Keyness (Likelihood) Number Type Keyness (Likelihood) Number Type Keyness (Likelihood) 9 China 574.595 76 Hotel 61.964 23 Chinese 184.956 77 Alipay 61.669 31 Food 136.823 82 Cities 59.934 60 Metro 83.253 95 App 46.781 74 Train 65.528 99 Wechat 44.654 Table 2 illustrates the evidence that the word “China” is a very high-frequency noun, appearing far more frequently than other items. The following could be the causes of this phenomenon: (1) The theme of “China Travel” is present in all of the texts we examined; (2) Collocation analysis of China (Table 3) reveals that words like “impressions” and “about” indicate that foreigners’ primary interest in Chinese tourism is based on their perceptions of China and associated elements of the country in general. www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 79 Published by SCHOLINK INC. Table 3. Collocates of China Collocate Rank Freq(Scaled) FreqLR FreqL FreqR Range Likelihood Effect in 1 7260 148 121 27 20 129.326 1.564 first 2 960 28 23 5 9 38.618 2.08 about 3 1520 35 27 8 14 35.945 1.739 to 4 10740 119 86 33 17 23.81 0.684 month 5 70 6 4 2 3 19.665 3.636 impressions 6 150 8 8 0 3 19.143 2.951 of 7 7460 85 68 17 15 18.755 0.724 The items “Chinese” and “Food” are both high-frequency nouns with keyness scores in excess of 100. To discuss these two words, we use the AntConc and find out the collocate of the word “Food”. Surprisingly, we can find that the two terms have a strong association, because the Likelihood between “Food” and “Chinese” is up to 30.079. Therefore, it is apparently that when foreigners travel China, they usually concentrate on Chinese cuisine. They believe that Chinese food, particularly “pot”, is cheap and excellent, and that it also embodies “culture”. Along with the above listed terms, in the Table 2 “Metro, Train, Hotel, Alipay, Cities, APP, Wechat” also show up a lot within the top 100 high-frequency words. Just like the reaserch done by Liu et al (2025), it show that the convenience of transportation in China really attracts foreign travelers. Besides, with the development of high technology and wide spread of mobile payments, more foreign visitors show great interest and passion for apps like Alipay and Wechat. At the same time, we can find that accommodations and China’s modern infrastructure development in cities are also the concerns of them. Table 4. Collocates of Food Collocate Rank Freq(Scaled) FreqLR FreqL FreqR Range Likelihood Effect Chinese 1 1090 14 12 2 6 30.079 2.765 eating 2 170 6 4 2 5 24.001 4.224 food 3 890 10 5 5 4 19.178 2.572 cheap 4 160 5 4 1 3 18.827 4.048 good 5 1350 12 7 5 7 18.436 2.234 pot 6 90 4 1 3 1 17.787 4.556 some 7 1210 11 10 1 6 17.285 2.267 culture 8 140 4 4 0 3 14.375 3.919 Overall, based on all the data we have studied and the results drawn from the analysis, we can find that when foreign tourists travel to China, they first focus on the country itself and what kind of impression www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 80 Published by SCHOLINK INC. it leaves on them. Secondly, Chinese cuisine has become a new China image after porcelain. Almost all foreign tourists are very concerned about Chinese cuisine, and characteristic Chinese foods such as hot pot have become new images for China. At the same time, with the continuous innovation and development of technology, mobile payment and convenient transportation have also become new China images, too. Furthermore, during their travels, foreign tourists are amazed by the convenience brought by mobile payment and diverse transportation. 4. Attitude Analysis in Terms of Appraisal System As along with discussing a few common nouns, we also concentrate affective adjectives and verbs, which are included into the top 100 most common keywords In spite of focusing on the main concerns of foreign travelers, we also need to be aware of and comprehend the attitudes of the foreign people who are traveling. Thus, using the Appraisal System (Martin & White, 2005), we investigate how foreign visitors feel about visiting China based on the theoretical framework of Positive Discourse Analysis. After that, it can also demonstrate what kinds of China images in the eyes of foreign travelers. Table 5. Keywords Of Emotional Adjectives and Verbs Number Type Keyness (Likelihood) Number Type Keyness (Likelihood) 6 Like 993.663 57 Cool 84.839 25 Nice 171.8 62 Amazing 81.806 47 Good 97.297 68 Beautiful 72.358 49 Super 91.448 86 Excited 56.538 Table 5 makes it abundantly evident that the affective verb “Like” occurs frequently, with a keyness (likelihood) of 993.663. A common expression of emotional appraisal, “like” immediately reflects the speaker’s subjective emotional response when it is used to convey a person’s preference for something or an affirmative emotional propensity. Thus, it demonstrates the international visitors’ positive attitude towards this country and love of Chinese cuisine and journey to China (1 and 2): (1) we just saw a guy with these noodles and we are like, yeah. (Emma and Ofer) (2) Life is going on here. The life. I love it. (Margarita) Among the remaining frequently used affective adjectives, those like “nice, beautiful, amazing, cool, super” all fall under the category of “Appreciation”: “nice” directly reflects a positive evaluation of something and belongs to valuation in the context of appreciation (3): this foreign travelers appreciate the accommodation as nice; “Beautiful” describes the aesthetic appeal of something and belongs to reaction in appreciation, emphasizing the sensory or emotional response triggered by the thing (4): they thinks the urban greening like flowers in cities are beautiful; “Amazing” and “Cool” express the www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 81 Published by SCHOLINK INC. astonishing or attractive qualities of something, belonging to Reaction (5 and 6): the scenery spot as well as skylines of city is amazing and cool in their eyes ; “Super” is used to emphasize the excellence of something and belongs to Valuation (7): The infrastructures in China is super modern. These words all carry positive meanings and appreciations. Therefore, from all the affective adjectives above, it can be concluded that foreign tourists view Chinese things in an appreciative manner, which also confirms a positive attitude. (3) A private room, so that’s nice. This is the bathroom. (Luck and Naomi) (4) Let’s go. Looks so beautiful, and let’s say hi to my followers. (Margarita) (5) the skylines of every single city were absolutely amazing. (Hutchinsons) (6) This is cool Oh, it’s cool. (Josie) (7) And yeah, just like super modern, super advanced, super clean. (Harry Jaggard) “Excited” is a word that expresses enthusiasm and belongs within the emotional system’s happiness category. “Excited” and “nervous” are typically used together in this article’s corpus, while “positively” usually appears before these terms by visitors from different nations. They arrive in China that they have never visited before, so they are both anxious and excited. Nevertheless, with the “positively” before these two items, it is an active feeling regardless of whether it is “nervous” or “excited” (9): (9) I’m like very positively excited and positively nervous. (Luck and Naomi) Last but not least, there are two distinct meanings for “good”. It falls under the valuation of appreciation when it is used to describe things rather than people’s moral behavior (10): Chinese people are friendly; it falls under the judgment of social esteem, which emphasizes ability or moral standards, when it is used to assess people’s behavior (11): Chinese cuisine is really tasty. Although this target corpus covers both scenarios, it can be inferred that international visitors’ perceptions of both Chinese cuisine and people are generally favorable. (10) The food was really good (Hutchinsons) (11) Chinese is very good. (Josie) Based on the results we have discussed above, high-frequency affective adjectives and verbs such as “Like, Nice, beautiful, Amazing, Cool, Super, Cool, Amazing, Beautiful and Excited” all demonstrate the foreign tourists’ fondness and positive attitude towards traveling in China. From this, we can also prove that after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy, China’s image has become more positive and favorable. More and more foreigners have come to know and like this country through their personal experiences. 5. Conclusion We have examined the items in a 47109-token corpus based on collocations of 20 self-media videos from ten various countries or regions in order to comprehend the primary concerns that foreign visitors have when traveling China as well as their attitudes toward the country so that we can investigate the China images behind them. www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 82 Published by SCHOLINK INC. In order to address the aforementioned research questions, we used AntConc to find the top 100 most common keywords including high-frequency nouns, affective adjectives and verbs. Based on the high frequency of nouns like China, Chinese, Food, Metro, Train, Hotel, Alipay, Cities, APP, and Wechat, we can find that, when foreign tourists embark on journeys to China, their initial curiosity centers on the nation as a whole and the impressions it cultivates in their minds. Following closely behind, Chinese cuisine has emerged as a new China image like the porcelain. The vast majority of international visitors harbor a keen interest in the culinary offerings of China, with distinctive dishes like hot pot now serving as novel representations of the country. Additionally, the ongoing advancements and evolution of technology have propelled mobile payment systems and efficient transportation networks into the spotlight, showing as the China’s images, too. At the same time, based on the Positive Discourse Analysis theoretical framework, we categorized the affective adjectives and verbs in the keyword collection, including Like, Nice, Good, Super, Cool, Amazing, Beautiful, and Excited, in order to better understand the foreign travelers’ attitudes towards traveling to China. We discuss the results using the Appraisal System Theory and consistently concluded that international visitors had a positive and optimistic viewpoint regarding China Travel. In their point of view, China’s image is positive and favorable. Based on the topics we discussed above, China has been a popular travel destination since China’s Visa- Free Transit Policy Policy was put into effect. In general, foreign visitors tend to see Chinese tourism favorably. When they travel, they concentrate on the nation itself, as well as on food, lodging, modes of transportation, and payment options. China has to do better in these areas which concern international travelers so that China’s tourism industry will undoubtedly flourish in the future. The article at present only focuses on the substance of 20 videos of foreign visitors that were published during the first 2 years after the implementation of China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy. China’s Visa-Free Transit Policy Policy has advanced significantly to date, giving an increasing number of international visitors the chance to visit China for an extended period of time and experience this stunning nation. 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Congying Zhang is a third-year Bachelor’s Degree Candidate at School of Foreign Languages of China Three Gorges University. Appendix 1 Name and Address of Transcription Tool: Simple Listen and Write app https://tingji.baidu.com/embed/listennote Appendix 2 List of Vlogs: Bloggers & Nations/Areas & Publish Time & Videos’ Address (1) Chris Rodriguez USA 2024.11.8 https://youtu.be/3qHP9Kbyumw?si=vnDbLyEw-SG2v6qX (2) Claudia and Thomas German 2024.12.9 https://youtu.be/MkBY- an11Hs?si=6iOPjNXHV3aG-EcB (3) Deana and Phil German 2024.10.26 https://youtu.be/P6xIBmjOO9g?si=9dWUny7uuOew4Vz4 2958 (4) Doug Barnard US 2024.3.19 https://youtu.be/M_lwC5zPkyo?si=oUDnIrvo0YVDOUGO (5) Emma and Ofer USA 2024.2.16https://youtu.be/rz7mIarbxNY?si=krM2RSOdRXwP5GQm (6) Harry Jaggard UK 2024.1.27 https://youtu.be/K3X46veg64I?si=hKq8AKPGnAK75DpD 924 (7) Hutchinsons UK 2024.8.18 https://youtu.be/6ttRK5OMxf4?si=CXWHg2Rtu2RsSJWc (8) Jay and Karolina UK 2024.9.17 https://youtu.be/JZbcqi7lCIA?si=3y78lOSYOG4miF-r (9) Jenn and Leon Canada 2024.5.20 https://youtu.be/xQZbha1aJs4?si=gOhHP_mN_BKZRFzS (10) Joel and Emilia UK 2024.6.23 https://youtu.be/9bqFjcDeVIg?si=mVlX11Cjsf9Z66lo (11) Josie Australia 2023.10.1 https://youtu.be/b5FtjD2I8es?si=QeTPGVVrxF0pse17 (12) Lizzy South Africa 2024.9.14 https://youtu.be/SBQoUPblK7c?si=vKlNoW8wz1YbBTyQ (13) Luck and Naomi Ireland 2024.5.9 https://youtu.be/BXk6mgHQ- N8?si=oV4EkK6y_E_tkH1B https://youtu.be/3qHP9Kbyumw?si=vnDbLyEw-SG2v6qX https://youtu.be/MkBY-an11Hs?si=6iOPjNXHV3aG-EcB https://youtu.be/MkBY-an11Hs?si=6iOPjNXHV3aG-EcB https://youtu.be/P6xIBmjOO9g?si=9dWUny7uuOew4Vz4 https://youtu.be/M_lwC5zPkyo?si=oUDnIrvo0YVDOUGO https://youtu.be/rz7mIarbxNY?si=krM2RSOdRXwP5GQm https://youtu.be/K3X46veg64I?si=hKq8AKPGnAK75DpD https://youtu.be/6ttRK5OMxf4?si=CXWHg2Rtu2RsSJWc https://youtu.be/JZbcqi7lCIA?si=3y78lOSYOG4miF-r https://youtu.be/xQZbha1aJs4?si=gOhHP_mN_BKZRFzS https://youtu.be/9bqFjcDeVIg?si=mVlX11Cjsf9Z66lo https://youtu.be/b5FtjD2I8es?si=QeTPGVVrxF0pse17 https://youtu.be/SBQoUPblK7c?si=vKlNoW8wz1YbBTyQ https://youtu.be/BXk6mgHQ-N8?si=oV4EkK6y_E_tkH1B https://youtu.be/BXk6mgHQ-N8?si=oV4EkK6y_E_tkH1B www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/elsr Education, Language and Sociology Research Vol. 6, No. 2, 2025 85 Published by SCHOLINK INC. (14) Margarita Russia 2024.8.8 https://youtu.be/CWVTZsu4elU?si=f64x1vD4nAcbC_dJ (15) Nahana UK 2025.2.2 https://youtu.be/70EdSbkqAWc?si=1HCSlZBqhMbjwmys (16) Oliver Dadema Spanish 2024.6.30 https://youtu.be/U3iK5EMB4SU?si=b8jK_2w- 56XWLpCw (17) Sammy and Tommy America 2024.6.2 https://youtu.be/UL5e6qk3sLE?si=mY7qz8nEHlUGzMNQ (18) Sarah and Callum UK 2025.1.17 https://youtu.be/TMbBmuw89w8?si=sLlMEAZMlVpxmQPp (19) Shae and David Canada 2024.6.9 https://youtu.be/F1hjZE66GD4?si=Ag7xavzSFmNwMhyc (20) Viyom South East Asia 2025.1.19 https://youtu.be/uwXeNMAM_iA?si=Vj6_exeDp6pR5o5i’ Appendix 3 Table. Length of the Final 20 Texts Bloggers Tokens of Texts Bloggers Tokens of Texts Chris Rodriguez 1570 Josie 4420 Claudia and Thomas 1369 Lizzy 2296 Deana and Phil 2958 Luck and Naomi 3106 Doug Barnard 2130 Margarita 1715 Emma and Ofer 2666 Nahana 851 Harry Jaggard 924 Oliver Dadema 2059 Hutchinsons 5815 Sammy and Tommy 2207 Jay and Karolina 602 Sarah and Callum 2921 Jenn and Leon 1346 Shae and David 1088 Joel and Emilia 2872 Viyom 2151 https://youtu.be/CWVTZsu4elU?si=f64x1vD4nAcbC_dJ https://youtu.be/70EdSbkqAWc?si=1HCSlZBqhMbjwmys https://youtu.be/U3iK5EMB4SU?si=b8jK_2w-56XWLpCw https://youtu.be/U3iK5EMB4SU?si=b8jK_2w-56XWLpCw https://youtu.be/UL5e6qk3sLE?si=mY7qz8nEHlUGzMNQ https://youtu.be/TMbBmuw89w8?si=sLlMEAZMlVpxmQPp https://youtu.be/F1hjZE66GD4?si=Ag7xavzSFmNwMhyc https://youtu.be/uwXeNMAM_iA?si=Vj6_exeDp6pR5o5i’