id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
educationr-4169	1	1	nepc	nepc	INTJ
educationr-4169	1	2	review	review	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	3	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	4	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	1	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	1	6	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	7	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	8	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	1	9	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	1	10	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	11	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	12	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	1	13	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	14	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	15	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	16	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	1	17	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	18	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	19	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	20	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	21	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	22	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	23	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	1	24	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	25	reform	reform	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	26	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	1	27	brown	brown	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	28	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	29	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	30	december	december	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	31	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	1	32	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	33	nepc	nepc	ADP
educationr-4169	1	34	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	35	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	36	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	1	37	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	1	38	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	39	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	40	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	1	41	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	1	42	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	43	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	44	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	1	45	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	46	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	47	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	48	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	1	49	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	50	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	51	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	52	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	53	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	54	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	55	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	1	56	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	57	reform	reform	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	58	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	1	59	brown	brown	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	60	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	61	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	62	december	december	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	63	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	1	64	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	65	joy	joy	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	66	rector	rector	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	67	/	/	SYM
educationr-4169	1	68	shutterstock.com	shutterstock.com	X
educationr-4169	1	69	reviewed	review	VERB
educationr-4169	1	70	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	1	71	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	72	michael	michael	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	73	russell	russell	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	74	boston	boston	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	75	college	college	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	76	march	march	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	77	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	1	78	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	79	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	80	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	81	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	82	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	83	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	1	84	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	85	university	university	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	86	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	1	87	colorado	colorado	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	88	boulder	boulder	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	89	nepc.colorado.edu	nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	90	http://nepc.colorado.edu	http://nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	91	https://rector	https://rector	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	92	/	/	SYM
educationr-4169	1	93	shutterstock.com	shutterstock.com	X
educationr-4169	1	94	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	1	95	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	96	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	97	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	98	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	99	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	100	nepc	nepc	INTJ
educationr-4169	1	101	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	102	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	103	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	1	104	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	105	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	106	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	107	housed	house	VERB
educationr-4169	1	108	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	1	109	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	1	110	university	university	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	111	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	1	112	colorado	colorado	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	113	boulder	boulder	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	114	school	school	PROPN
educationr-4169	1	115	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	1	116	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	117	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	118	sponsors	sponsor	VERB
educationr-4169	1	119	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	120	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	121	produces	produce	VERB
educationr-4169	1	122	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	123	briefs	brief	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	124	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	125	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	1	126	publishes	publish	VERB
educationr-4169	1	127	expert	expert	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	128	third	third	ADJ
educationr-4169	1	129	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	1	130	party	party	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	131	reviews	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	132	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	1	133	think	think	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	134	tank	tank	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	135	reports	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	1	136	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	2	1	nepc	nepc	ADJ
educationr-4169	2	2	publications	publication	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	3	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	2	4	written	write	VERB
educationr-4169	2	5	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	2	6	accessible	accessible	ADJ
educationr-4169	2	7	language	language	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	2	9	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	2	10	intended	intend	VERB
educationr-4169	2	11	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	2	12	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	2	13	broad	broad	ADJ
educationr-4169	2	14	audience	audience	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	15	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	2	16	includes	include	VERB
educationr-4169	2	17	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4169	2	18	experts	expert	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	2	20	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	21	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	2	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	2	23	media	medium	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	2	25	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	2	26	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	2	27	general	general	ADJ
educationr-4169	2	28	public	public	NOUN
educationr-4169	2	29	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	3	1	our	our	PRON
educationr-4169	3	2	mission	mission	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	3	4	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	3	5	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	3	6	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	3	7	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	3	8	quality	quality	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	9	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	10	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	3	11	support	support	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	3	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
educationr-4169	3	14	deliberation	deliberation	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	15	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	3	16	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	17	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	3	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	4	1	we	we	PRON
educationr-4169	4	2	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	4	3	guided	guide	VERB
educationr-4169	4	4	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	4	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	4	6	belief	belief	NOUN
educationr-4169	4	7	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	4	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	4	9	democratic	democratic	ADJ
educationr-4169	4	10	governance	governance	NOUN
educationr-4169	4	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	4	12	public	public	ADJ
educationr-4169	4	13	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	4	14	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	4	15	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
educationr-4169	4	16	when	when	SCONJ
educationr-4169	4	17	policies	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	4	18	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	4	19	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	4	20	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	4	21	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4169	4	22	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	4	23	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	4	24	support	support	VERB
educationr-4169	4	25	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	4	26	multiracial	multiracial	ADJ
educationr-4169	4	27	society	society	NOUN
educationr-4169	4	28	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	4	29	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	4	30	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
educationr-4169	4	31	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	4	32	kind	kind	ADJ
educationr-4169	4	33	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	4	34	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	4	35	just	just	ADV
educationr-4169	4	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	5	1	visit	visit	VERB
educationr-4169	5	2	us	we	PRON
educationr-4169	5	3	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	5	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	5	5	http://nepc.colorado.edu	http://nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	6	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	VERB
educationr-4169	5	7	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	8	nepc	nepc	ADV
educationr-4169	5	9	staff	staff	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	10	faith	faith	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	11	boninger	boninger	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	12	publications	publication	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	13	manager	manager	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	14	patricia	patricia	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	15	hinchey	hinchey	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	16	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4169	5	17	editor	editor	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	18	elaine	elaine	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	19	duggan	duggan	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	20	production	production	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	21	design	design	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	22	alex	alex	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	23	molnar	molnar	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	24	nepc	nepc	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	25	director	director	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	26	kevin	kevin	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	27	welner	welner	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	28	nepc	nepc	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	29	director	director	PROPN
educationr-4169	5	30	suggested	suggest	VERB
educationr-4169	5	31	citation	citation	NOUN
educationr-4169	5	32	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	6	1	russell	russell	PROPN
educationr-4169	6	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	6	3	m.	m.	NOUN
educationr-4169	6	4	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	6	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	6	6	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	6	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	7	1	nepc	nepc	INTJ
educationr-4169	7	2	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	3	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	7	4	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	7	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	7	6	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	7	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	7	8	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	7	9	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	7	10	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	11	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	12	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	7	13	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	7	14	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	15	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	16	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	7	17	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	18	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	19	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	7	20	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	8	1	boulder	boulder	PROPN
educationr-4169	8	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	8	3	co	co	NOUN
educationr-4169	8	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	8	5	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4169	8	6	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	8	7	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	8	8	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4169	8	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	9	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	9	2	[	[	PUNCT
educationr-4169	9	3	date	date	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	4	]	]	PUNCT
educationr-4169	9	5	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	9	6	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	7	funding	funding	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	8	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	9	9	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	9	10	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	11	was	be	AUX
educationr-4169	9	12	made	make	VERB
educationr-4169	9	13	possible	possible	ADJ
educationr-4169	9	14	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	9	15	part	part	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	16	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	9	17	funding	fund	VERB
educationr-4169	9	18	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	9	19	great	great	ADJ
educationr-4169	9	20	lakes	lake	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	21	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	22	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	9	23	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	24	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	25	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	9	26	practice	practice	VERB
educationr-4169	9	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	9	28	great	great	ADJ
educationr-4169	9	29	lakes	lake	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	30	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	31	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	9	32	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	9	33	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	34	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	9	35	practice	practice	NOUN
educationr-4169	9	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	10	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	10	2	work	work	NOUN
educationr-4169	10	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	10	4	licensed	license	VERB
educationr-4169	10	5	under	under	ADP
educationr-4169	10	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	10	7	creative	creative	ADJ
educationr-4169	10	8	commons	common	NOUN
educationr-4169	10	9	attribution	attribution	NOUN
educationr-4169	10	10	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	10	11	noncommercialnoderivatives	noncommercialnoderivative	NOUN
educationr-4169	10	12	4.0	4.0	NUM
educationr-4169	10	13	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4169	10	14	license	license	NOUN
educationr-4169	10	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	11	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	11	2	publication	publication	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	11	4	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	11	5	free	free	ADJ
educationr-4169	11	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	11	7	cost	cost	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	8	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	11	9	nepc	nepc	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	10	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	11	11	readers	reader	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	11	13	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	11	14	may	may	AUX
educationr-4169	11	15	make	make	VERB
educationr-4169	11	16	non	non	ADJ
educationr-4169	11	17	-	-	ADJ
educationr-4169	11	18	commercial	commercial	ADJ
educationr-4169	11	19	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	11	21	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	11	22	as	as	ADV
educationr-4169	11	23	long	long	ADV
educationr-4169	11	24	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	11	25	nepc	nepc	ADV
educationr-4169	11	26	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	11	27	its	its	PRON
educationr-4169	11	28	author(s	author(s	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	29	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	11	30	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	11	31	credited	credit	VERB
educationr-4169	11	32	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	11	33	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	11	34	source	source	NOUN
educationr-4169	11	35	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	12	2	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	3	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	12	4	commercial	commercial	ADJ
educationr-4169	12	5	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	7	please	please	INTJ
educationr-4169	12	8	contact	contact	VERB
educationr-4169	12	9	nepc	nepc	ADV
educationr-4169	12	10	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	12	11	nepc@colorado.edu	nepc@colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	12	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	13	2	2	NUM
educationr-4169	12	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	12	15	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	12	16	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	17	http://www.greatlakescenter.org	http://www.greatlakescenter.org	X
educationr-4169	12	18	mailto	mailto	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	19	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	20	nepc%40colorado.edu?subject=	nepc%40colorado.edu?subject=	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	21	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	22	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	23	http://nepc.colorado.edu	http://nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	24	nepc	nepc	ADP
educationr-4169	12	25	review	review	VERB
educationr-4169	12	26	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	27	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	12	28	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	12	29	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	30	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	31	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	12	32	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	12	33	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	34	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	35	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	12	36	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	12	37	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	38	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	39	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	12	40	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	41	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	42	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	43	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	44	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	45	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	46	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	12	47	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	48	reform	reform	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	49	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	12	50	brown	brown	ADJ
educationr-4169	12	51	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	52	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	53	december	december	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	54	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	12	55	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	56	reviewed	review	VERB
educationr-4169	12	57	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	12	58	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	12	59	michael	michael	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	60	russell	russell	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	61	boston	boston	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	62	college	college	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	63	march	march	PROPN
educationr-4169	12	64	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	12	65	summary	summary	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	66	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	67	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	12	68	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	69	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	70	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	12	71	inform	inform	VERB
educationr-4169	12	72	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	73	decisions	decision	NOUN
educationr-4169	12	74	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	12	75	hotly	hotly	ADV
educationr-4169	12	76	debated	debate	VERB
educationr-4169	12	77	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	13	1	absent	absent	ADJ
educationr-4169	13	2	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	13	3	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	13	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	13	5	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	13	6	serves	serve	VERB
educationr-4169	13	7	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	13	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	13	9	primary	primary	ADJ
educationr-4169	13	10	indicator	indicator	NOUN
educationr-4169	13	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	13	12	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	13	13	readiness	readiness	NOUN
educationr-4169	13	14	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	13	15	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	13	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	14	1	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	14	2	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	14	3	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	14	4	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	14	6	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	14	8	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	14	9	influenced	influence	VERB
educationr-4169	14	10	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	14	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	14	12	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	14	13	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	14	14	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	14	15	taken	take	VERB
educationr-4169	14	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	15	1	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	15	2	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	15	3	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	15	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	5	explores	explore	VERB
educationr-4169	15	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	15	7	creation	creation	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	15	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	15	10	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	15	11	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	15	13	termed	term	VERB
educationr-4169	15	14	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	15	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	15	17	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	15	18	seeks	seek	VERB
educationr-4169	15	19	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	15	20	adjust	adjust	VERB
educationr-4169	15	21	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	15	22	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	23	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	15	24	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	15	25	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	15	26	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	15	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	15	28	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	29	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	15	30	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	15	31	completed	complete	VERB
educationr-4169	15	32	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	16	1	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	16	2	create	create	VERB
educationr-4169	16	3	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	16	4	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	16	5	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	16	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	16	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	16	8	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	16	9	treats	treat	VERB
educationr-4169	16	10	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	16	11	like	like	ADP
educationr-4169	16	12	questions	question	NOUN
educationr-4169	16	13	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	16	14	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	16	15	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	16	16	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	16	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	17	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	17	2	then	then	ADV
educationr-4169	17	3	generates	generate	VERB
educationr-4169	17	4	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	17	5	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	17	7	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	8	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	9	using	use	VERB
educationr-4169	17	10	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	17	11	common	common	ADJ
educationr-4169	17	12	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	13	employed	employ	VERB
educationr-4169	17	14	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	17	15	measuring	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	17	16	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4169	17	17	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	17	19	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	17	20	partial	partial	ADJ
educationr-4169	17	21	credit	credit	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	22	model	model	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	23	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	17	24	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	17	25	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	26	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	27	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	17	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	18	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	18	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	3	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	18	4	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
educationr-4169	18	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	6	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	18	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	18	8	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	18	9	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	10	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	18	11	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	12	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	18	13	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	14	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	18	15	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	18	17	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	18	18	differs	differ	VERB
educationr-4169	18	19	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	18	20	both	both	CCONJ
educationr-4169	18	21	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	18	22	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	18	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	18	24	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	18	25	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	19	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	19	2	there	there	PRON
educationr-4169	19	3	are	be	VERB
educationr-4169	19	4	several	several	ADJ
educationr-4169	19	5	ways	way	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	19	7	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	8	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	19	9	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	10	could	could	AUX
educationr-4169	19	11	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	19	12	improved	improve	VERB
educationr-4169	19	13	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	19	14	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	19	15	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4169	19	16	barriers	barrier	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	17	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	19	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	19	19	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	20	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	19	21	widespread	widespread	ADJ
educationr-4169	19	22	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	19	24	its	its	PRON
educationr-4169	19	25	presentation	presentation	NOUN
educationr-4169	19	26	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	19	27	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4169	19	28	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	19	29	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
educationr-4169	19	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	20	1	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	20	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	20	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	4	itself	itself	PRON
educationr-4169	20	5	concludes	conclude	VERB
educationr-4169	20	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	20	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	20	8	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	9	holds	hold	VERB
educationr-4169	20	10	promise	promise	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	11	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	20	12	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	20	13	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
educationr-4169	20	14	perspective	perspective	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	15	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	20	16	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	20	17	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	20	18	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	20	19	informative	informative	ADJ
educationr-4169	20	20	indicator	indicator	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	21	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	20	22	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	20	23	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	24	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	25	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	20	26	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	20	27	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	20	28	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4169	20	29	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	20	30	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	20	31	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	20	32	yet	yet	ADV
educationr-4169	20	33	ready	ready	ADJ
educationr-4169	20	34	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	20	35	implementation	implementation	NOUN
educationr-4169	20	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	21	1	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	21	2	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	21	3	clear	clear	ADJ
educationr-4169	21	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	21	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	21	6	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	21	8	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	9	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	10	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	21	11	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	21	12	yet	yet	ADV
educationr-4169	21	13	ready	ready	ADJ
educationr-4169	21	14	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	21	15	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	16	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	21	17	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	18	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	21	19	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	20	officers	officer	NOUN
educationr-4169	21	21	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	22	1	instead	instead	ADV
educationr-4169	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	22	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	22	4	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	22	5	needs	need	VERB
educationr-4169	22	6	further	further	ADJ
educationr-4169	22	7	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	22	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	22	9	development	development	NOUN
educationr-4169	22	10	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	2	3	3	NUM
educationr-4169	23	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	23	4	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	23	5	nepc	nepc	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	6	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	7	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	8	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	23	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	23	10	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	11	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	12	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	23	13	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	23	14	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	15	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	23	17	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	18	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	19	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	20	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	23	21	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	22	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	23	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	24	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	25	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	26	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	27	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	23	28	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	29	reform	reform	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	30	at	at	ADP
educationr-4169	23	31	brown	brown	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	32	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	33	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	34	december	december	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	35	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	23	36	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	37	reviewed	review	VERB
educationr-4169	23	38	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	23	39	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	40	michael	michael	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	41	russell	russell	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	42	boston	boston	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	43	college	college	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	44	march	march	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	45	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	23	46	i.	i.	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	47	introduction	introduction	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	48	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	23	49	several	several	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	50	decades	decade	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	51	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	52	observers	observer	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	53	have	have	AUX
educationr-4169	23	54	raised	raise	VERB
educationr-4169	23	55	concerns	concern	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	56	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	23	57	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	23	58	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	59	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	23	60	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	23	61	sat	sat	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	62	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	23	63	act	act	VERB
educationr-4169	23	64	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	23	65	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	66	admissions.1	admissions.1	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	67	recently	recently	ADV
educationr-4169	23	68	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	69	several	several	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	70	colleges	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	71	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	23	72	universities	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	73	have	have	AUX
educationr-4169	23	74	stopped	stop	VERB
educationr-4169	23	75	using	use	VERB
educationr-4169	23	76	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	77	scores.2	scores.2	VERB
educationr-4169	23	78	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	23	79	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	23	80	observers	observer	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	81	argue	argue	VERB
educationr-4169	23	82	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	23	83	change	change	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	84	makes	make	VERB
educationr-4169	23	85	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	23	86	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	87	process	process	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	88	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	23	89	equitable	equitable	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	90	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	91	others	other	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	92	argue	argue	VERB
educationr-4169	23	93	reliance	reliance	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	94	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	23	95	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	96	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	97	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	23	98	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	99	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	100	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	101	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	23	102	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	103	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	104	personal	personal	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	105	statements	statement	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	106	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	107	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	23	108	letters	letter	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	109	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	23	110	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	111	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	112	contribute	contribute	VERB
educationr-4169	23	113	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	23	114	similar	similar	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	115	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	23	116	worse	bad	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	117	inequities	inequity	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	118	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	23	119	admissions.3	admissions.3	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	120	despite	despite	SCONJ
educationr-4169	23	121	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	23	122	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	123	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	124	there	there	PRON
educationr-4169	23	125	is	be	VERB
educationr-4169	23	126	general	general	ADJ
educationr-4169	23	127	consensus	consensus	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	128	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	23	129	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	23	130	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	23	131	compromised	compromise	VERB
educationr-4169	23	132	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	23	133	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	134	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	23	135	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	136	taking	take	VERB
educationr-4169	23	137	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	138	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	139	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	140	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	23	141	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	142	among	among	ADP
educationr-4169	23	143	schools	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	144	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	23	145	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	23	146	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	147	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	23	148	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	23	149	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	150	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	23	151	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	23	152	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	24	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	24	2	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	24	3	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4169	24	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	24	6	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	24	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	24	8	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	9	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	24	10	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	24	11	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	24	12	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	13	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	14	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	24	15	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	24	16	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	17	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	18	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	24	19	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	20	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	21	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	24	23	published	publish	VERB
educationr-4169	24	24	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	24	25	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	24	26	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	24	27	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	24	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	24	29	kenneth	kenneth	PROPN
educationr-4169	24	30	shores	shores	PROPN
educationr-4169	24	31	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	24	32	sanford	sanford	PROPN
educationr-4169	24	33	student	student	PROPN
educationr-4169	24	34	describe	describe	VERB
educationr-4169	24	35	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	24	36	effort	effort	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	37	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	24	38	address	address	VERB
educationr-4169	24	39	some	some	PRON
educationr-4169	24	40	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	24	41	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	24	42	concerns	concern	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	43	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	24	44	developing	develop	VERB
educationr-4169	24	45	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	24	46	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	24	47	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	48	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	24	49	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	50	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	24	51	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	52	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	53	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	24	54	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	24	55	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	24	56	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	57	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	24	58	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	25	1	4	4	NUM
educationr-4169	25	2	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	25	3	do	do	VERB
educationr-4169	25	4	so	so	ADV
educationr-4169	25	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	25	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	25	7	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	25	8	applies	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	25	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	25	10	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	25	11	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	25	12	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	25	13	adjust	adjust	VERB
educationr-4169	25	14	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	25	15	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	25	16	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	25	17	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	25	18	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	25	19	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	25	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	25	21	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	25	22	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	25	23	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	1	completed.5	completed.5	PROPN
educationr-4169	26	2	ii	ii	PROPN
educationr-4169	26	3	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	26	4	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	5	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	26	6	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	26	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	26	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	26	11	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	12	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
educationr-4169	26	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	26	14	feasibility	feasibility	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	26	16	applying	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	26	17	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	26	18	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	19	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	20	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	26	21	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	26	22	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	26	23	way	way	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	24	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	26	25	assess	assess	VERB
educationr-4169	26	26	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	27	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	28	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	26	29	presents	present	VERB
educationr-4169	26	30	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	26	31	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	26	32	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	26	33	improves	improve	VERB
educationr-4169	26	34	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	26	35	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	26	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	27	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	27	2	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	27	3	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	4	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB
educationr-4169	27	5	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	27	6	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	7	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	27	8	have	have	VERB
educationr-4169	27	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	27	10	same	same	ADJ
educationr-4169	27	11	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	27	12	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4169	27	13	completed	complete	VERB
educationr-4169	27	14	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	15	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	27	16	differ	differ	VERB
educationr-4169	27	17	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	18	4	4	NUM
educationr-4169	27	19	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	27	20	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	27	21	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	27	22	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	27	24	providing	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	27	25	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	27	26	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	27	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	28	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	29	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	27	30	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	31	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	27	32	completed	complete	VERB
educationr-4169	27	33	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	27	34	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4169	27	35	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	27	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	28	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	28	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	3	also	also	ADV
educationr-4169	28	4	finds	find	VERB
educationr-4169	28	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	28	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	28	7	detection	detection	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	28	9	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	10	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	28	11	subgroups	subgroup	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	28	13	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	14	differs	differ	VERB
educationr-4169	28	15	depending	depend	VERB
educationr-4169	28	16	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	28	17	whether	whether	SCONJ
educationr-4169	28	18	one	one	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	19	examines	examine	VERB
educationr-4169	28	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	28	21	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	28	22	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	28	23	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	28	24	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	28	25	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	28	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	29	1	finally	finally	ADV
educationr-4169	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	29	3	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	29	4	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	5	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	29	6	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4169	29	7	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	29	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	29	9	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	29	10	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	11	reflects	reflect	VERB
educationr-4169	29	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	29	13	construct	construct	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	14	termed	term	VERB
educationr-4169	29	15	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	16	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	29	18	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	29	19	stronger	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	29	20	predictions	prediction	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	21	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	29	22	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	29	23	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	24	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
educationr-4169	29	25	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	30	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	30	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	30	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	4	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
educationr-4169	30	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	30	6	additional	additional	ADJ
educationr-4169	30	7	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	8	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	30	9	needed	need	VERB
educationr-4169	30	10	before	before	SCONJ
educationr-4169	30	11	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	12	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	13	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	30	14	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	30	15	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	30	16	part	part	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	17	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	30	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	30	19	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	30	20	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	21	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	22	decision	decision	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	23	process	process	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	30	25	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	30	26	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	27	concludes	conclude	VERB
educationr-4169	30	28	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	30	29	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	30	30	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	31	improves	improve	VERB
educationr-4169	30	32	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	30	33	gpa	gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	34	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	30	35	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
educationr-4169	30	36	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	37	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	30	38	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	39	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	40	into	into	ADP
educationr-4169	30	41	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	30	42	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	43	process	process	NOUN
educationr-4169	30	44	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	31	1	iii	iii	X
educationr-4169	31	2	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	32	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	32	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	3	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	32	4	rationale	rationale	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	5	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	32	6	its	its	PRON
educationr-4169	32	7	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	32	9	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	32	11	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	12	presents	present	VERB
educationr-4169	32	13	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	32	14	variety	variety	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	32	16	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	17	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	32	18	examine	examine	VERB
educationr-4169	32	19	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	32	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	32	22	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	23	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	24	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	32	25	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	32	26	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	32	27	compare	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	32	28	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	32	29	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	32	30	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	32	31	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	32	32	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	32	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	33	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	33	2	section	section	NOUN
educationr-4169	33	3	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	33	4	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	33	5	results	result	NOUN
educationr-4169	33	6	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	33	7	three	three	NUM
educationr-4169	33	8	analytic	analytic	ADJ
educationr-4169	33	9	categories	category	NOUN
educationr-4169	33	10	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	34	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	34	2	first	first	ADJ
educationr-4169	34	3	set	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	34	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	34	5	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	34	6	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	34	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	34	8	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	34	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	34	10	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	34	11	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	34	12	reflects	reflect	VERB
educationr-4169	34	13	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	34	14	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	34	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	35	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	35	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	35	3	shows	show	VERB
educationr-4169	35	4	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	35	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	35	6	estimated	estimate	VERB
educationr-4169	35	7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	35	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	35	9	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	35	10	aligns	align	VERB
educationr-4169	35	11	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	35	12	conventional	conventional	ADJ
educationr-4169	35	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
educationr-4169	35	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	35	15	easier	easy	ADJ
educationr-4169	35	16	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	35	17	harder	hard	ADJ
educationr-4169	35	18	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	35	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	36	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	36	2	example	example	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	36	4	advanced	advanced	ADJ
educationr-4169	36	5	placement	placement	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	6	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	7	were	be	AUX
educationr-4169	36	8	generally	generally	ADV
educationr-4169	36	9	considered	consider	VERB
educationr-4169	36	10	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	36	11	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4169	36	12	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	36	13	standard	standard	ADJ
educationr-4169	36	14	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	36	16	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	36	17	stem	stem	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	18	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	19	were	be	AUX
educationr-4169	36	20	typically	typically	ADV
educationr-4169	36	21	considered	consider	VERB
educationr-4169	36	22	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	36	23	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4169	36	24	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	36	25	humanity	humanity	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	26	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	36	27	arts	art	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	36	29	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	36	30	physical	physical	ADJ
educationr-4169	36	31	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	32	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	36	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	37	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	37	2	addition	addition	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	37	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	37	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	6	indicates	indicate	VERB
educationr-4169	37	7	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	37	8	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	37	9	ability	ability	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	10	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	11	typically	typically	ADV
educationr-4169	37	12	enroll	enroll	VERB
educationr-4169	37	13	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	37	14	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	37	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4169	37	16	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	37	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	37	19	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	37	20	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	37	21	pattern	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	22	tends	tend	VERB
educationr-4169	37	23	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	37	24	deflate	deflate	VERB
educationr-4169	37	25	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	37	26	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	37	27	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	37	28	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	37	29	achieving	achieve	VERB
educationr-4169	37	30	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	31	relative	relative	ADJ
educationr-4169	37	32	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	37	33	lower	low	ADJ
educationr-4169	37	34	achieving	achieve	VERB
educationr-4169	37	35	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	36	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	37	37	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	37	38	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	39	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	40	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	41	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB
educationr-4169	37	42	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	37	43	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	37	44	subgroups	subgroup	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	45	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	37	46	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	37	47	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	38	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	38	2	second	second	ADJ
educationr-4169	38	3	set	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	38	5	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	6	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	38	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	38	9	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	10	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	11	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	12	has	have	VERB
educationr-4169	38	13	stronger	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	38	14	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	38	15	power	power	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	16	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	38	17	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	18	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	19	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	38	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	38	21	sat	sat	NOUN
educationr-4169	38	22	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	38	23	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	38	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	39	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	39	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	39	3	finds	find	VERB
educationr-4169	39	4	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	39	5	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	39	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	39	7	stronger	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	39	8	predictor	predictor	NOUN
educationr-4169	39	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	39	10	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	39	11	completion	completion	NOUN
educationr-4169	39	12	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	39	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
educationr-4169	39	14	after	after	ADP
educationr-4169	39	15	completing	complete	VERB
educationr-4169	39	16	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	39	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	40	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	40	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	3	also	also	ADV
educationr-4169	40	4	finds	find	VERB
educationr-4169	40	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	40	6	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	7	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	40	8	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	40	9	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	10	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	11	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	12	tend	tend	VERB
educationr-4169	40	13	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	40	14	attend	attend	VERB
educationr-4169	40	15	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	40	16	selective	selective	ADJ
educationr-4169	40	17	schools.6	schools.6	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	40	19	third	third	ADJ
educationr-4169	40	20	set	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	21	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	40	22	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	23	compares	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	40	24	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	25	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	26	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	40	27	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	40	28	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	29	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	40	30	various	various	ADJ
educationr-4169	40	31	subgroups	subgroup	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	32	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	40	33	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	40	34	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	41	1	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	41	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	3	find	find	VERB
educationr-4169	41	4	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	41	5	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
educationr-4169	41	6	there	there	PRON
educationr-4169	41	7	is	be	VERB
educationr-4169	41	8	almost	almost	ADV
educationr-4169	41	9	no	no	PRON
educationr-4169	41	10	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	11	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	41	12	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	41	13	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	14	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	41	15	male	male	ADJ
educationr-4169	41	16	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	41	17	female	female	ADJ
educationr-4169	41	18	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	41	20	female	female	ADJ
educationr-4169	41	21	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	22	have	have	VERB
educationr-4169	41	23	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	41	24	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	25	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	26	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	41	27	males	male	NOUN
educationr-4169	41	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	42	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	42	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	42	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	42	5	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	6	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	42	7	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	42	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	42	9	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	10	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	11	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	12	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	42	13	similar	similar	ADJ
educationr-4169	42	14	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	42	15	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
educationr-4169	42	16	status	status	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	17	groups	group	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	18	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	42	19	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	42	20	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	42	21	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	42	22	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	42	23	white	white	ADJ
educationr-4169	42	24	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	42	25	either	either	CCONJ
educationr-4169	42	26	asian	asian	ADJ
educationr-4169	42	27	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	42	28	black	black	ADJ
educationr-4169	42	29	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	43	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	43	2	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	43	3	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	43	4	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	43	5	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
educationr-4169	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	43	7	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	43	8	reveal	reveal	VERB
educationr-4169	43	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	43	10	smaller	small	ADJ
educationr-4169	43	11	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	43	12	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	43	13	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	43	14	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	43	15	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	43	16	versus	versus	ADP
educationr-4169	43	17	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	43	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	44	1	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	44	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	44	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
educationr-4169	44	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	44	5	choice	choice	NOUN
educationr-4169	44	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	44	7	metric	metric	ADJ
educationr-4169	44	8	can	can	AUX
educationr-4169	44	9	impact	impact	VERB
educationr-4169	44	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	44	11	detection	detection	NOUN
educationr-4169	44	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	44	13	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	44	14	inequities	inequity	NOUN
educationr-4169	44	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	45	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	45	2	5	5	NUM
educationr-4169	45	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	45	4	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	45	5	iv	iv	NUM
educationr-4169	45	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	46	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	46	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	46	3	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	46	4	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	46	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	46	6	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	46	7	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	46	8	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	46	9	situate	situate	VERB
educationr-4169	46	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	46	11	study	study	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	1	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	47	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	47	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	4	draws	draw	VERB
educationr-4169	47	5	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	47	6	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	7	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	47	8	considers	consider	VERB
educationr-4169	47	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	47	10	fairness	fairness	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	47	12	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	13	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	14	tests	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	15	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	47	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	47	17	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4169	47	18	impact	impact	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	19	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	47	20	equity	equity	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	21	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	47	22	occurs	occur	VERB
educationr-4169	47	23	when	when	SCONJ
educationr-4169	47	24	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	25	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	26	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	47	27	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	47	28	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	47	29	during	during	ADP
educationr-4169	47	30	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	47	31	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	32	process	process	NOUN
educationr-4169	47	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	48	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	48	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	3	also	also	ADV
educationr-4169	48	4	draws	draw	VERB
educationr-4169	48	5	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	48	6	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	7	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	48	8	document	document	VERB
educationr-4169	48	9	various	various	ADJ
educationr-4169	48	10	ways	way	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	11	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	48	12	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	48	13	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	48	14	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	48	15	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	48	16	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	48	17	indicator	indicator	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	18	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	48	19	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4169	48	20	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	21	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	48	22	admissions	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	23	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	48	24	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
educationr-4169	48	25	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	48	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	49	1	through	through	ADP
educationr-4169	49	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	49	3	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	49	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	49	6	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	7	notes	note	VERB
educationr-4169	49	8	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	49	9	limitations	limitation	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	10	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	49	11	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	49	12	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	49	13	result	result	VERB
educationr-4169	49	14	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	49	15	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	49	17	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	18	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	19	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	49	20	taking	take	VERB
educationr-4169	49	21	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	22	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	49	23	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	24	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	49	25	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	49	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	50	1	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	50	2	inform	inform	VERB
educationr-4169	50	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	50	4	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	5	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	50	6	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	50	7	develop	develop	VERB
educationr-4169	50	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	50	9	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	50	11	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	12	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	50	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	50	15	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	16	references	reference	VERB
educationr-4169	50	17	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	18	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	50	19	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	20	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	21	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	50	22	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	50	23	irt	irt	PROPN
educationr-4169	50	24	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	50	25	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	51	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	3	considers	consider	VERB
educationr-4169	51	4	several	several	ADJ
educationr-4169	51	5	irt	irt	ADV
educationr-4169	51	6	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	7	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	51	8	techniques	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	9	commonly	commonly	ADV
educationr-4169	51	10	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	51	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	51	12	produce	produce	VERB
educationr-4169	51	13	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	14	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	51	15	tests	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	16	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	51	17	contain	contain	VERB
educationr-4169	51	18	open	open	ADJ
educationr-4169	51	19	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	20	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	21	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	22	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	23	essay	essay	ADJ
educationr-4169	51	24	questions	question	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	26	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	51	27	example	example	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	28	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	29	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	51	30	can	can	AUX
educationr-4169	51	31	receive	receive	VERB
educationr-4169	51	32	partial	partial	ADJ
educationr-4169	51	33	credit.7	credit.7	PROPN
educationr-4169	51	34	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	51	35	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	51	36	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	51	37	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	38	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	51	39	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	51	40	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	41	selects	select	VERB
educationr-4169	51	42	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	51	43	model	model	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	44	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	51	45	aligns	align	VERB
educationr-4169	51	46	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	51	47	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	51	48	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	49	aims	aim	VERB
educationr-4169	51	50	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	51	51	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	51	52	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	53	available	available	ADJ
educationr-4169	51	54	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	51	55	analysis	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	51	56	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	52	1	noting	note	VERB
educationr-4169	52	2	this	this	PRON
educationr-4169	52	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	52	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	52	5	first	first	ADJ
educationr-4169	52	6	known	know	VERB
educationr-4169	52	7	attempt	attempt	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	8	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	52	9	apply	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	52	10	irt	irt	PROPN
educationr-4169	52	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	52	12	create	create	VERB
educationr-4169	52	13	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	52	14	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	52	16	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	17	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	52	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	52	20	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	21	draws	draw	VERB
educationr-4169	52	22	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	52	23	three	three	NUM
educationr-4169	52	24	similar	similar	ADJ
educationr-4169	52	25	applications	application	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	26	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	52	27	irt	irt	PROPN
educationr-4169	52	28	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	52	29	transcript	transcript	VERB
educationr-4169	52	30	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	31	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	52	32	inform	inform	VERB
educationr-4169	52	33	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	52	34	novel	novel	ADJ
educationr-4169	52	35	application	application	NOUN
educationr-4169	52	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	53	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	53	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	53	3	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	4	base	base	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	5	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	53	6	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
educationr-4169	53	7	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	53	8	situating	situate	VERB
educationr-4169	53	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	53	10	study	study	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	53	12	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	53	13	justifying	justify	VERB
educationr-4169	53	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	53	15	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	16	techniques	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	53	18	there	there	PRON
educationr-4169	53	19	are	be	VERB
educationr-4169	53	20	two	two	NUM
educationr-4169	53	21	bodies	body	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	22	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	53	23	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	53	24	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	53	25	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	53	26	underutilized	underutilize	VERB
educationr-4169	53	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	54	1	first	first	ADV
educationr-4169	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	54	3	when	when	SCONJ
educationr-4169	54	4	considering	consider	VERB
educationr-4169	54	5	future	future	ADJ
educationr-4169	54	6	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	54	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	54	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	10	notes	note	VERB
educationr-4169	54	11	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	54	12	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	13	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	54	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	54	15	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	16	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	54	17	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	18	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	54	19	occur	occur	VERB
educationr-4169	54	20	across	across	ADP
educationr-4169	54	21	schools	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	22	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	54	23	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	54	24	educators	educator	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	25	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	54	26	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	54	27	accounted	account	VERB
educationr-4169	54	28	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	54	29	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	54	30	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	54	31	current	current	ADJ
educationr-4169	54	32	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	54	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	55	1	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	55	2	explore	explore	VERB
educationr-4169	55	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	55	4	impact	impact	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	5	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4169	55	6	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	7	may	may	AUX
educationr-4169	55	8	have	have	VERB
educationr-4169	55	9	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	55	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	55	11	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	55	13	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	14	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	55	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	55	17	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	18	suggests	suggest	VERB
educationr-4169	55	19	using	use	VERB
educationr-4169	55	20	techniques	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	21	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	55	22	treat	treat	VERB
educationr-4169	55	23	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	55	24	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	25	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	55	26	random	random	ADJ
educationr-4169	55	27	factors	factor	NOUN
educationr-4169	55	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	56	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	56	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	56	3	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	56	4	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	56	5	consider	consider	VERB
educationr-4169	56	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	56	7	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	56	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	56	9	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4169	56	10	irt	irt	PROPN
educationr-4169	56	11	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	56	12	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	56	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	56	14	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	56	15	adjust	adjust	VERB
educationr-4169	56	16	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	56	17	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	56	18	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	56	19	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	56	20	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	56	21	effects.8	effects.8	PROPN
educationr-4169	56	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	56	23	second	second	ADJ
educationr-4169	56	24	underutilized	underutilized	ADJ
educationr-4169	56	25	body	body	NOUN
educationr-4169	56	26	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	56	27	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	56	28	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	56	29	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	56	30	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	56	31	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	57	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	57	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	57	3	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	57	4	present	present	VERB
educationr-4169	57	5	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	57	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	57	7	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	57	8	supports	support	VERB
educationr-4169	57	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	57	10	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	57	11	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	57	12	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	57	13	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	57	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	1	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	58	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	3	over	over	ADP
educationr-4169	58	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	5	past	past	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	6	century	century	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	8	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	58	9	large	large	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	10	body	body	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	58	12	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	13	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	58	14	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	15	has	have	AUX
educationr-4169	58	16	been	be	AUX
educationr-4169	58	17	produced	produce	VERB
educationr-4169	58	18	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	58	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	20	concept	concept	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	21	has	have	AUX
educationr-4169	58	22	evolved	evolve	VERB
educationr-4169	58	23	considerably	considerably	ADV
educationr-4169	58	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	25	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	58	26	definitions	definition	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	27	generally	generally	ADV
educationr-4169	58	28	shifting	shift	VERB
educationr-4169	58	29	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	58	30	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	58	31	focus	focus	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	32	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	58	33	tests	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	34	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	58	35	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	36	themselves	themselves	PRON
educationr-4169	58	37	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	58	38	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	58	39	focus	focus	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	40	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	58	41	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	42	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	43	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	58	44	uses	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	45	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	58	46	their	their	PRON
educationr-4169	58	47	results.9	results.9	PROPN
educationr-4169	58	48	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	58	49	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	50	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	51	references	reference	VERB
educationr-4169	58	52	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	53	most	most	ADV
educationr-4169	58	54	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	55	version	version	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	56	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	58	57	standards	standard	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	58	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	58	59	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	60	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	58	61	psychological	psychological	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	62	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	63	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	64	10	10	NUM
educationr-4169	58	65	which	which	PRON
educationr-4169	58	66	reflects	reflect	VERB
educationr-4169	58	67	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	68	current	current	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	69	conception	conception	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	70	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	71	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	58	72	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
educationr-4169	58	73	relies	rely	VERB
educationr-4169	58	74	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	58	75	dated	date	VERB
educationr-4169	58	76	notions	notion	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	77	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	58	78	discrete	discrete	ADJ
educationr-4169	58	79	forms	form	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	80	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	58	81	construct	construct	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	82	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	83	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	84	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	58	85	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	58	86	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	58	87	measure	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	58	88	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	58	89	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	58	90	says	say	VERB
educationr-4169	58	91	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	58	92	measures	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	58	93	?	?	PUNCT
educationr-4169	58	94	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	59	1	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	59	2	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	59	3	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	59	4	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	59	5	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	59	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	59	7	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	59	8	predict	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	59	9	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	59	10	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	59	11	claims	claim	VERB
educationr-4169	59	12	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	59	13	predict	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	59	14	?	?	PUNCT
educationr-4169	59	15	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	59	16	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	59	17	justify	justify	VERB
educationr-4169	59	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	59	19	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	59	20	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	59	21	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	1	v.	v.	ADP
educationr-4169	60	2	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	60	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	60	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	6	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	60	7	methods	method	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	60	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	10	works	work	VERB
educationr-4169	60	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	60	12	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
educationr-4169	60	13	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	14	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	60	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	60	16	effort	effort	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	60	18	strategy	strategy	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	19	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	60	20	create	create	VERB
educationr-4169	60	21	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	60	22	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	23	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	60	24	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	25	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	26	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	60	27	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
educationr-4169	60	28	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	29	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	60	30	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	60	31	can	can	AUX
educationr-4169	60	32	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	60	33	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	60	34	measure	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	60	35	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	60	36	concept	concept	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	37	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	60	38	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	60	39	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	60	40	directly	directly	ADV
educationr-4169	60	41	measurable	measurable	ADJ
educationr-4169	60	42	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	43	employing	employ	VERB
educationr-4169	60	44	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	60	45	earlier	early	ADJ
educationr-4169	60	46	conception	conception	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	47	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	60	48	construct	construct	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	49	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	50	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	51	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	52	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	60	53	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	60	54	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	60	55	can	can	AUX
educationr-4169	60	56	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	60	57	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	60	58	predict	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	60	59	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	60	60	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	60	61	claims	claim	VERB
educationr-4169	60	62	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	60	63	predict	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	60	64	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	65	employing	employ	VERB
educationr-4169	60	66	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	60	67	earlier	early	ADJ
educationr-4169	60	68	conception	conception	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	69	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	60	70	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	60	71	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	60	72	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	60	73	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	61	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	2	6	6	NUM
educationr-4169	61	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	61	4	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	61	5	integral	integral	ADJ
educationr-4169	61	6	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	61	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	61	8	proposed	propose	VERB
educationr-4169	61	9	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	10	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	61	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	61	12	assumption	assumption	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	13	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	61	14	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	61	15	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	16	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	17	function	function	VERB
educationr-4169	61	18	similarly	similarly	ADV
educationr-4169	61	19	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	61	20	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	21	questions	question	NOUN
educationr-4169	61	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	62	1	just	just	ADV
educationr-4169	62	2	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	62	3	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	4	questions	question	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	5	differ	differ	VERB
educationr-4169	62	6	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	62	7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	62	9	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	62	10	some	some	PRON
educationr-4169	62	11	being	be	AUX
educationr-4169	62	12	relatively	relatively	ADV
educationr-4169	62	13	easy	easy	ADJ
educationr-4169	62	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	62	15	answer	answer	VERB
educationr-4169	62	16	correctly	correctly	ADV
educationr-4169	62	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	62	18	others	other	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	19	harder	hard	ADV
educationr-4169	62	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	62	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	62	22	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	23	recognizes	recognize	VERB
educationr-4169	62	24	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	62	25	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	62	26	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	27	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	28	differ	differ	VERB
educationr-4169	62	29	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	62	30	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	31	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	62	32	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	62	33	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	62	34	easier	easy	ADJ
educationr-4169	62	35	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	62	36	receive	receive	VERB
educationr-4169	62	37	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	62	38	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	62	39	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	40	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	62	41	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	62	42	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	43	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	62	44	harder	hard	ADJ
educationr-4169	62	45	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	62	46	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4169	62	47	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	62	48	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	63	1	applying	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	63	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	63	3	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	63	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	63	6	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	7	treats	treat	VERB
educationr-4169	63	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	63	9	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	10	taken	take	VERB
educationr-4169	63	11	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	63	12	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	63	13	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	14	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	63	15	if	if	SCONJ
educationr-4169	63	16	they	they	PRON
educationr-4169	63	17	were	be	AUX
educationr-4169	63	18	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	63	19	set	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	63	21	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	22	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	63	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	64	1	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	64	3	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4169	64	4	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	5	take	take	VERB
educationr-4169	64	6	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4169	64	7	sets	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	64	9	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	64	11	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	64	12	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	64	13	sets	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	14	being	be	AUX
educationr-4169	64	15	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	64	16	challenging	challenging	ADJ
educationr-4169	64	17	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	64	18	others	other	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	64	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	64	21	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	22	treats	treat	VERB
educationr-4169	64	23	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	64	24	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	25	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	64	26	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	64	27	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	28	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	29	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	64	30	taking	take	VERB
educationr-4169	64	31	experience	experience	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	32	similarly	similarly	ADV
educationr-4169	64	33	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	64	34	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	64	35	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
educationr-4169	64	36	test.11	test.11	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	37	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	64	38	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	64	39	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
educationr-4169	64	40	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	41	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	64	42	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	64	43	large	large	ADJ
educationr-4169	64	44	pool	pool	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	45	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	64	46	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	64	47	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	64	48	developed	develop	VERB
educationr-4169	64	49	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	65	1	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4169	65	2	subsets	subset	NOUN
educationr-4169	65	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	65	4	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	65	5	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	65	6	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	65	7	pool	pool	NOUN
educationr-4169	65	8	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	65	9	then	then	ADV
educationr-4169	65	10	administered	administer	VERB
educationr-4169	65	11	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	65	12	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4169	65	13	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	65	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	66	1	typically	typically	ADV
educationr-4169	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	66	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	66	4	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	66	5	administered	administer	VERB
educationr-4169	66	6	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	66	7	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	66	8	given	give	VERB
educationr-4169	66	9	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	66	10	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	66	11	adapted	adapt	VERB
educationr-4169	66	12	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	66	13	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	66	14	how	how	SCONJ
educationr-4169	66	15	well	well	ADV
educationr-4169	66	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	66	17	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	66	18	has	have	AUX
educationr-4169	66	19	performed	perform	VERB
educationr-4169	66	20	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	66	21	previous	previous	ADJ
educationr-4169	66	22	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	66	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	67	1	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	67	2	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	67	3	respond	respond	VERB
educationr-4169	67	4	correctly	correctly	ADV
educationr-4169	67	5	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	67	6	relatively	relatively	ADV
educationr-4169	67	7	easy	easy	ADJ
educationr-4169	67	8	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	67	9	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	67	10	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4169	67	11	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	67	12	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	67	13	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	67	14	increase	increase	VERB
educationr-4169	67	15	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	67	16	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	67	17	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4169	67	18	those	those	PRON
educationr-4169	67	19	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	67	20	respond	respond	VERB
educationr-4169	67	21	incorrectly	incorrectly	ADV
educationr-4169	67	22	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	67	23	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4169	67	24	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	67	25	easier	easy	ADJ
educationr-4169	67	26	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	67	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	68	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	68	2	process	process	NOUN
educationr-4169	68	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	68	4	repeated	repeat	VERB
educationr-4169	68	5	until	until	SCONJ
educationr-4169	68	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	68	7	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	68	8	begins	begin	VERB
educationr-4169	68	9	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	68	10	answer	answer	VERB
educationr-4169	68	11	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	68	12	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4169	68	13	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	68	14	incorrectly	incorrectly	ADV
educationr-4169	68	15	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	68	16	vice	vice	NOUN
educationr-4169	68	17	versa	versa	ADV
educationr-4169	68	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	69	1	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
educationr-4169	69	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	69	3	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	69	5	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	6	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	69	7	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	69	8	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
educationr-4169	69	9	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	10	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	69	11	driven	drive	VERB
educationr-4169	69	12	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	69	13	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	69	14	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	15	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	69	16	operates	operate	VERB
educationr-4169	69	17	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	69	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	69	19	background	background	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	69	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	69	22	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	23	assumes	assume	VERB
educationr-4169	69	24	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	69	25	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	26	similarly	similarly	ADV
educationr-4169	69	27	select	select	VERB
educationr-4169	69	28	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	29	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	69	30	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	69	31	their	their	PRON
educationr-4169	69	32	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	33	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	69	34	prior	prior	ADJ
educationr-4169	69	35	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	36	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	69	37	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	69	38	perceived	perceive	VERB
educationr-4169	69	39	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	40	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	69	41	future	future	ADJ
educationr-4169	69	42	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	69	43	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	70	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	70	3	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	4	may	may	AUX
educationr-4169	70	5	hold	hold	VERB
educationr-4169	70	6	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	70	7	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	70	8	cases	case	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	10	no	no	DET
educationr-4169	70	11	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	12	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	70	13	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4169	70	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	70	15	support	support	VERB
educationr-4169	70	16	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	70	17	assumption	assumption	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	18	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	70	19	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	70	20	seems	seem	VERB
educationr-4169	70	21	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
educationr-4169	70	22	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	70	23	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4169	70	24	factors	factor	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	26	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4169	70	27	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	70	28	limited	limited	ADJ
educationr-4169	70	29	space	space	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	30	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	70	31	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	32	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	33	parental	parental	ADJ
educationr-4169	70	34	influence	influence	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	35	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	36	teacher	teacher	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	37	guidance	guidance	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	38	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	39	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	70	40	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
educationr-4169	70	41	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	42	ambitions	ambition	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	43	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	70	44	may	may	AUX
educationr-4169	70	45	also	also	ADV
educationr-4169	70	46	influence	influence	VERB
educationr-4169	70	47	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	48	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	70	49	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	71	1	regardless	regardless	ADV
educationr-4169	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	71	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	71	4	core	core	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	5	assumption	assumption	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	6	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	71	7	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	8	vary	vary	VERB
educationr-4169	71	9	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	71	10	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	71	12	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	71	13	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	71	14	set	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	71	16	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	17	can	can	AUX
educationr-4169	71	18	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	71	19	treated	treat	VERB
educationr-4169	71	20	similarly	similarly	ADV
educationr-4169	71	21	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	71	22	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	71	23	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
educationr-4169	71	24	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	71	25	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	71	26	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
educationr-4169	71	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	72	1	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	72	2	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
educationr-4169	72	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	72	4	potential	potential	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	72	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	72	7	proposed	propose	VERB
educationr-4169	72	8	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	72	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	72	11	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	12	uses	use	VERB
educationr-4169	72	13	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	14	collected	collect	VERB
educationr-4169	72	15	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	72	16	delaware	delaware	PROPN
educationr-4169	72	17	public	public	PROPN
educationr-4169	72	18	schools.12	schools.12	PROPN
educationr-4169	72	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	72	20	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	21	treats	treat	VERB
educationr-4169	72	22	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	23	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	72	24	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	72	25	same	same	ADJ
educationr-4169	72	26	name	name	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	27	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	72	28	if	if	SCONJ
educationr-4169	72	29	they	they	PRON
educationr-4169	72	30	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	72	31	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	72	32	same	same	ADJ
educationr-4169	72	33	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	34	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	72	35	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	73	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	73	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	73	3	assumption	assumption	NOUN
educationr-4169	73	4	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	73	5	practical	practical	ADJ
educationr-4169	73	6	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	73	7	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	73	8	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
educationr-4169	73	9	study	study	NOUN
educationr-4169	73	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	73	11	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	73	12	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	73	13	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
educationr-4169	73	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	73	15	hold	hold	VERB
educationr-4169	73	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	73	17	reality	reality	NOUN
educationr-4169	73	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	74	1	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	74	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	74	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	4	observes	observe	VERB
educationr-4169	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	74	6	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	7	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	74	8	curricular	curricular	ADJ
educationr-4169	74	9	materials	material	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	74	11	educator	educator	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	12	expectations	expectation	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	74	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	74	15	content	content	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	16	coverage	coverage	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	17	produce	produce	VERB
educationr-4169	74	18	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	19	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	74	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	74	21	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	22	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	74	23	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	24	offered	offer	VERB
educationr-4169	74	25	across	across	ADP
educationr-4169	74	26	schools	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	74	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	75	1	regardless	regardless	ADV
educationr-4169	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	75	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	75	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	5	applies	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	75	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	75	7	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	8	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	9	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	75	10	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
educationr-4169	75	11	estimate	estimate	VERB
educationr-4169	75	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	75	13	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	75	15	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	75	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	75	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	75	19	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	75	21	each	each	DET
educationr-4169	75	22	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	23	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	75	24	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	25	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	75	26	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	75	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	75	28	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	29	taken	take	VERB
educationr-4169	75	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	75	31	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	75	32	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	33	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	75	34	grades	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	35	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	75	36	those	those	DET
educationr-4169	75	37	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	75	38	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	76	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	76	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	76	3	way	way	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	4	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	76	5	which	which	PRON
educationr-4169	76	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	76	7	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	8	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	9	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	76	10	applied	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	76	11	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	76	12	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4169	76	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	76	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	76	15	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	16	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	17	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	18	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	76	19	open	open	ADJ
educationr-4169	76	20	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	76	21	question	question	NOUN
educationr-4169	76	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	77	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	77	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	3	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	4	implies	imply	VERB
educationr-4169	77	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	77	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	7	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	8	produced	produce	VERB
educationr-4169	77	9	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	77	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	11	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	12	measure	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	77	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	14	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	77	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	17	set	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	18	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	77	19	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	20	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	77	21	form	form	VERB
educationr-4169	77	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	23	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	77	25	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	77	26	effect	effect	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	28	resulting	result	VERB
educationr-4169	77	29	score	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	30	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	77	31	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	77	32	analogous	analogous	ADJ
educationr-4169	77	33	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	77	34	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	77	35	gpa	gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	36	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	77	37	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	77	38	adjusted	adjust	VERB
educationr-4169	77	39	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	77	40	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	77	41	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	42	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	43	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	77	44	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	45	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	77	46	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	77	47	completed	complete	VERB
educationr-4169	77	48	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	78	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	78	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	78	3	reason	reason	NOUN
educationr-4169	78	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	78	5	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	78	6	seems	seem	VERB
educationr-4169	78	7	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	78	8	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
educationr-4169	78	9	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	78	10	interpret	interpret	VERB
educationr-4169	78	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	78	12	metric	metric	NOUN
educationr-4169	78	13	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	78	14	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	78	15	adjusted	adjust	VERB
educationr-4169	78	16	gpa	gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	78	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
educationr-4169	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	3	there	there	PRON
educationr-4169	79	4	are	be	VERB
educationr-4169	79	5	places	place	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	6	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	79	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	79	8	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	9	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	79	10	refer	refer	VERB
educationr-4169	79	11	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	79	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	79	13	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	14	representing	represent	VERB
educationr-4169	79	15	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	16	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	17	ability	ability	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	19	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	20	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	21	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	22	readiness	readiness	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	24	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	25	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	79	26	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4169	79	27	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	28	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	79	29	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	80	1	”13	”13	VERB
educationr-4169	80	2	future	future	ADJ
educationr-4169	80	3	development	development	NOUN
educationr-4169	80	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	80	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	80	6	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	80	7	should	should	AUX
educationr-4169	80	8	include	include	VERB
educationr-4169	80	9	greater	great	ADJ
educationr-4169	80	10	clarity	clarity	NOUN
educationr-4169	80	11	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	80	12	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	80	13	trait	trait	NOUN
educationr-4169	80	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	80	15	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	80	16	represents	represent	VERB
educationr-4169	80	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	81	1	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	81	2	noted	note	VERB
educationr-4169	81	3	above	above	ADV
educationr-4169	81	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	81	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	81	6	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	81	7	uses	use	VERB
educationr-4169	81	8	dated	date	VERB
educationr-4169	81	9	conceptions	conception	NOUN
educationr-4169	81	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	81	11	construct	construct	NOUN
educationr-4169	81	12	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	81	13	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	81	14	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	81	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	82	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	82	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	82	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	82	4	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	82	5	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	82	6	examine	examine	VERB
educationr-4169	82	7	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	82	8	two	two	NUM
educationr-4169	82	9	types	type	NOUN
educationr-4169	82	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	82	11	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	82	12	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	82	13	informative	informative	ADJ
educationr-4169	82	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	82	15	they	they	PRON
educationr-4169	82	16	could	could	AUX
educationr-4169	82	17	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	82	18	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
educationr-4169	82	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	83	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4169	83	2	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	83	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	83	4	informative	informative	ADJ
educationr-4169	83	5	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	83	6	compare	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	83	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	83	8	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	83	10	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	11	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	12	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	VERB
educationr-4169	83	13	7	7	NUM
educationr-4169	83	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	83	15	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	83	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	83	17	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	83	18	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	19	produces	produce	VERB
educationr-4169	83	20	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	83	21	conventional	conventional	ADJ
educationr-4169	83	22	understanding	understanding	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	23	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	83	24	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	25	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	26	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	83	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	83	28	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	29	could	could	AUX
educationr-4169	83	30	use	use	VERB
educationr-4169	83	31	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	83	32	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	83	33	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
educationr-4169	83	34	method	method	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	35	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	83	36	establish	establish	VERB
educationr-4169	83	37	conventional	conventional	ADJ
educationr-4169	83	38	understanding	understanding	NOUN
educationr-4169	83	39	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	84	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	84	2	fact	fact	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	84	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	84	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	6	does	do	AUX
educationr-4169	84	7	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	84	8	reference	reference	VERB
educationr-4169	84	9	any	any	DET
educationr-4169	84	10	prior	prior	ADJ
educationr-4169	84	11	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	12	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	84	13	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	84	14	describe	describe	VERB
educationr-4169	84	15	any	any	DET
educationr-4169	84	16	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	17	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	84	18	establish	establish	VERB
educationr-4169	84	19	conventional	conventional	ADJ
educationr-4169	84	20	understanding.14	understanding.14	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	21	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	84	22	sounder	sounder	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	23	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	24	might	might	AUX
educationr-4169	84	25	assemble	assemble	VERB
educationr-4169	84	26	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	84	27	sample	sample	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	28	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	84	29	educators	educator	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	30	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	84	31	others	other	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	32	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	84	33	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	84	34	familiar	familiar	ADJ
educationr-4169	84	35	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	84	36	variation	variation	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	37	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	84	38	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	84	39	content	content	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	40	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	84	41	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	42	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	84	43	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	44	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	84	45	rate	rate	VERB
educationr-4169	84	46	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	84	47	rank	rank	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	48	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	49	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	84	50	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	84	51	perceived	perceive	VERB
educationr-4169	84	52	difficulty.15	difficulty.15	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	53	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	84	54	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	55	also	also	ADV
educationr-4169	84	56	seeks	seek	VERB
educationr-4169	84	57	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	84	58	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
educationr-4169	84	59	construct	construct	VERB
educationr-4169	84	60	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	61	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	84	62	comparing	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	84	63	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	64	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	65	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	84	66	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	84	67	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	68	using	use	VERB
educationr-4169	84	69	conventional	conventional	ADJ
educationr-4169	84	70	methodology	methodology	NOUN
educationr-4169	84	71	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	85	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	85	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	85	3	indicates	indicate	VERB
educationr-4169	85	4	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	85	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	85	6	two	two	NUM
educationr-4169	85	7	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	85	8	have	have	VERB
educationr-4169	85	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	85	10	strong	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	85	11	correlation	correlation	NOUN
educationr-4169	85	12	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	85	13	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	85	14	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	85	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	85	16	each	each	DET
educationr-4169	85	17	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4169	85	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	86	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	86	2	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	86	3	unclear	unclear	ADJ
educationr-4169	86	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	86	5	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	86	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	86	7	how	how	SCONJ
educationr-4169	86	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	86	9	comparison	comparison	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	10	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	86	11	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	12	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	86	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	86	14	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	86	15	tool	tool	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	16	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	17	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	86	18	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	86	19	purports	purport	VERB
educationr-4169	86	20	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	86	21	measure	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	86	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	86	23	given	give	VERB
educationr-4169	86	24	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	86	25	one	one	PRON
educationr-4169	86	26	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	86	27	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	86	28	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	29	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	86	31	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	86	32	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4169	86	33	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	86	34	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	35	readiness	readiness	NOUN
educationr-4169	86	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	87	1	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	87	2	discussed	discuss	VERB
educationr-4169	87	3	above	above	ADV
educationr-4169	87	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	87	5	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	87	6	misalignment	misalignment	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	7	may	may	AUX
educationr-4169	87	8	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	87	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	87	10	product	product	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	87	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	87	13	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	14	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	87	15	claim	claim	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	16	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	87	17	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	87	18	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	19	represents	represent	VERB
educationr-4169	87	20	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	21	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	22	rather	rather	ADV
educationr-4169	87	23	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	87	24	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	87	25	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	26	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4169	87	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	88	1	finally	finally	ADV
educationr-4169	88	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	88	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	88	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	5	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	88	6	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	88	8	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	88	9	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	10	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	88	11	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	88	12	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	13	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	88	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	88	15	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	16	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	17	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	18	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	88	19	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	88	20	stronger	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	88	21	predictor	predictor	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	22	than	than	SCONJ
educationr-4169	88	23	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	88	24	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	88	25	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	88	26	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	27	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
educationr-4169	88	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	89	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	89	2	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	89	3	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	4	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	89	5	promising	promise	VERB
educationr-4169	89	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	89	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	89	8	sat	sat	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	9	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	89	10	designed	design	VERB
educationr-4169	89	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	89	12	predict	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	89	13	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	14	only	only	ADV
educationr-4169	89	15	during	during	ADP
educationr-4169	89	16	freshman	freshman	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	17	year.16	year.16	PROPN
educationr-4169	89	18	if	if	SCONJ
educationr-4169	89	19	one	one	NUM
educationr-4169	89	20	aim	aim	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	21	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	89	22	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	89	23	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	24	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	89	25	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	89	26	compare	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	89	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	89	28	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	29	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	89	30	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	31	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	32	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	89	33	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	89	34	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	89	35	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	89	36	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	89	37	analysis	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	38	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	89	39	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	89	40	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	89	41	predicting	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	89	42	freshman	freshman	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	43	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	89	44	would	would	AUX
educationr-4169	89	45	align	align	VERB
educationr-4169	89	46	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	89	47	strongly	strongly	ADV
educationr-4169	89	48	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	89	49	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	89	50	intended	intended	ADJ
educationr-4169	89	51	purpose	purpose	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	52	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	89	53	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	89	54	sat	sat	NOUN
educationr-4169	89	55	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	90	1	collectively	collectively	ADV
educationr-4169	90	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	90	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	90	4	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	5	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4169	90	6	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	90	7	interesting	interesting	ADJ
educationr-4169	90	8	insight	insight	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	9	into	into	ADP
educationr-4169	90	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	90	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	12	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	90	13	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	14	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	15	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	90	16	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	90	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	90	18	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	90	19	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	90	20	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	21	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	90	22	students.17	students.17	PROPN
educationr-4169	90	23	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	90	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	90	25	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	90	26	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	90	27	unclear	unclear	ADJ
educationr-4169	90	28	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	90	29	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	90	30	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	31	say	say	VERB
educationr-4169	90	32	collectively	collectively	ADV
educationr-4169	90	33	about	about	ADP
educationr-4169	90	34	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	90	35	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	36	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	90	37	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	90	38	proposed	propose	VERB
educationr-4169	90	39	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	40	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	41	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	90	42	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	91	1	had	have	AUX
educationr-4169	91	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	91	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	91	4	applied	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	91	5	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	91	6	modern	modern	ADJ
educationr-4169	91	7	perspective	perspective	NOUN
educationr-4169	91	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	91	9	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	91	10	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	91	11	these	these	DET
educationr-4169	91	12	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	91	13	might	might	AUX
educationr-4169	91	14	have	have	AUX
educationr-4169	91	15	contributed	contribute	VERB
educationr-4169	91	16	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	91	17	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	91	18	stronger	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	91	19	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	91	20	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	91	21	coherent	coherent	ADJ
educationr-4169	91	22	argument	argument	NOUN
educationr-4169	91	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	92	1	vi	vi	X
educationr-4169	92	2	.	.	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	3	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	92	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	92	6	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	92	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	92	9	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	10	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	92	11	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	12	given	give	VERB
educationr-4169	92	13	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	92	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	92	15	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	16	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
educationr-4169	92	17	this	this	PRON
educationr-4169	92	18	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	92	19	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	92	20	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
educationr-4169	92	21	study	study	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	92	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	92	24	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	25	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4169	92	26	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	92	27	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
educationr-4169	92	28	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	92	29	support	support	VERB
educationr-4169	92	30	further	further	ADJ
educationr-4169	92	31	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	32	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	92	33	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	92	34	development	development	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	35	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	92	36	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4169	92	37	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	38	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	92	39	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	40	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	92	41	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	93	1	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	93	2	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	93	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	93	4	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	93	5	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	93	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	93	7	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	93	8	seems	seem	VERB
educationr-4169	93	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	93	10	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	93	11	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	93	12	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4169	93	13	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	93	14	differs	differ	VERB
educationr-4169	93	15	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	93	16	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	93	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	93	18	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	93	19	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	93	20	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
educationr-4169	93	21	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	93	22	useful	useful	ADJ
educationr-4169	93	23	ways	way	NOUN
educationr-4169	93	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	94	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	94	2	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	94	3	unclear	unclear	ADJ
educationr-4169	94	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	94	5	however	however	ADV
educationr-4169	94	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	94	7	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	94	8	exactly	exactly	ADV
educationr-4169	94	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	94	10	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	94	11	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	94	12	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	94	13	measuring	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	94	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	95	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	95	2	seems	seem	VERB
educationr-4169	95	3	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	95	4	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	95	5	measuring	measure	VERB
educationr-4169	95	6	more	more	ADJ
educationr-4169	95	7	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	95	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	95	9	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	95	11	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	95	12	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	13	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	95	14	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	15	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	95	16	may	may	AUX
educationr-4169	95	17	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	95	18	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	95	19	akin	akin	ADJ
educationr-4169	95	20	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	95	21	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	95	22	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	23	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	95	24	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	95	25	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	26	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	27	given	give	VERB
educationr-4169	95	28	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	95	29	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	30	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	95	31	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	95	32	completed	complete	VERB
educationr-4169	95	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	96	1	if	if	SCONJ
educationr-4169	96	2	so	so	ADV
educationr-4169	96	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	96	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	96	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	6	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	96	7	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	8	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	96	9	further	further	ADJ
educationr-4169	96	10	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	11	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	96	12	both	both	PRON
educationr-4169	96	13	warranted	warrant	VERB
educationr-4169	96	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	96	15	necessary	necessary	ADJ
educationr-4169	96	16	prior	prior	ADV
educationr-4169	96	17	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	96	18	actual	actual	ADJ
educationr-4169	96	19	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	96	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	96	22	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	23	during	during	ADP
educationr-4169	96	24	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	96	25	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	26	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	27	process	process	NOUN
educationr-4169	96	28	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	96	29	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4169	96	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	96	31	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
educationr-4169	96	32	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	97	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	97	2	8	8	NUM
educationr-4169	97	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	97	4	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	97	5	vii	vii	PROPN
educationr-4169	97	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	98	1	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	98	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	98	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	5	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	98	6	guidance	guidance	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	98	8	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	9	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	98	10	practice	practice	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	11	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	98	12	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	98	13	initial	initial	ADJ
educationr-4169	98	14	step	step	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	15	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	98	16	developing	develop	VERB
educationr-4169	98	17	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	98	18	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	98	19	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	98	21	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	98	24	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	98	25	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	26	offers	offer	VERB
educationr-4169	98	27	promise	promise	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	28	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	98	29	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	98	31	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	32	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	33	officers	officer	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	34	—	—	PUNCT
educationr-4169	98	35	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	98	36	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4169	98	37	challenges	challenge	NOUN
educationr-4169	98	38	remain	remain	VERB
educationr-4169	98	39	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	99	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4169	99	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	99	3	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	99	4	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	99	5	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
educationr-4169	99	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	99	7	regarding	regard	VERB
educationr-4169	99	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	99	9	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	99	10	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4169	99	11	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	99	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	99	13	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	99	14	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	99	15	robust	robust	ADJ
educationr-4169	99	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	99	17	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
educationr-4169	99	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	99	19	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	99	20	modern	modern	ADJ
educationr-4169	99	21	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	99	22	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	99	23	validation	validation	NOUN
educationr-4169	99	24	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	99	25	needed	need	VERB
educationr-4169	99	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	100	1	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	100	2	part	part	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	100	4	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	100	5	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	100	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	8	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	100	9	necessary	necessary	ADJ
educationr-4169	100	10	regarding	regard	VERB
educationr-4169	100	11	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4169	100	12	uses	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	13	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	100	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	100	15	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	16	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	100	17	their	their	PRON
educationr-4169	100	18	consequences	consequence	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	100	20	particularly	particularly	ADV
educationr-4169	100	21	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	100	22	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4169	100	23	subgroups	subgroup	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	24	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	100	25	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	100	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	101	1	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4169	101	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	101	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	101	4	concludes	conclude	VERB
educationr-4169	101	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	101	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	101	7	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	101	8	holds	hold	VERB
educationr-4169	101	9	promise	promise	NOUN
educationr-4169	101	10	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	101	11	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	101	12	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
educationr-4169	101	13	perspective	perspective	NOUN
educationr-4169	101	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	101	15	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4169	101	16	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	101	17	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	101	18	not	not	PART
educationr-4169	101	19	yet	yet	ADV
educationr-4169	101	20	ready	ready	ADJ
educationr-4169	101	21	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	101	22	implementation	implementation	NOUN
educationr-4169	101	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	102	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	102	2	9	9	NUM
educationr-4169	102	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	102	4	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	102	5	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	102	6	notes	note	NOUN
educationr-4169	102	7	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	102	8	references	reference	NOUN
educationr-4169	102	9	1	1	NUM
educationr-4169	102	10	crouse	crouse	PROPN
educationr-4169	102	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	102	12	j.	j.	PROPN
educationr-4169	102	13	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	102	14	trusheim	trusheim	PROPN
educationr-4169	102	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	102	16	d.	d.	PROPN
educationr-4169	102	17	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	102	18	1988	1988	NUM
educationr-4169	102	19	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	102	20	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	103	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	103	2	case	case	NOUN
educationr-4169	103	3	against	against	ADP
educationr-4169	103	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	103	5	sat	sat	NOUN
educationr-4169	103	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	104	1	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	104	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	104	3	chicago	chicago	PROPN
educationr-4169	104	4	press	press	PROPN
educationr-4169	104	5	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	105	1	sandel	sandel	PROPN
educationr-4169	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	105	3	m.j	m.j	PROPN
educationr-4169	105	4	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	105	5	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	105	6	2020	2020	NUM
educationr-4169	105	7	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	105	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	106	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	106	2	tyranny	tyranny	NOUN
educationr-4169	106	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	106	4	merit	merit	NOUN
educationr-4169	106	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	106	6	what	what	PRON
educationr-4169	106	7	’s	’s	AUX
educationr-4169	106	8	become	become	VERB
educationr-4169	106	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	106	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	106	11	common	common	ADJ
educationr-4169	106	12	good	good	NOUN
educationr-4169	106	13	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	107	1	farrar	farrar	PROPN
educationr-4169	107	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	107	3	straus	straus	PROPN
educationr-4169	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	107	5	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	107	6	giroux	giroux	NOUN
educationr-4169	107	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	108	1	tough	tough	ADJ
educationr-4169	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	108	3	p.	p.	NOUN
educationr-4169	108	4	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	108	5	2019	2019	NUM
educationr-4169	108	6	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	108	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	109	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	109	2	years	year	NOUN
educationr-4169	109	3	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	109	4	matter	matter	VERB
educationr-4169	109	5	most	most	ADV
educationr-4169	109	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	110	1	random	random	ADJ
educationr-4169	110	2	house	house	NOUN
educationr-4169	110	3	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	111	1	2	2	NUM
educationr-4169	111	2	rather	rather	ADV
educationr-4169	111	3	than	than	ADP
educationr-4169	111	4	stopping	stop	VERB
educationr-4169	111	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	111	6	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	111	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	111	8	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	111	9	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	111	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	111	11	some	some	DET
educationr-4169	111	12	schools	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	111	13	have	have	AUX
educationr-4169	111	14	made	make	VERB
educationr-4169	111	15	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	111	16	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	111	17	optional	optional	ADJ
educationr-4169	111	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	112	1	camara	camara	PROPN
educationr-4169	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	112	3	w.	w.	PROPN
educationr-4169	112	4	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	112	5	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	112	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	112	7	winter	winter	NOUN
educationr-4169	112	8	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	112	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	113	1	admission	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	2	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	3	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	113	4	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	113	5	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	6	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	113	7	changing	change	VERB
educationr-4169	113	8	landscape	landscape	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	9	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	113	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	11	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	113	12	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	13	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	113	14	optional	optional	ADJ
educationr-4169	113	15	policies	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	113	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	114	1	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	114	2	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	114	3	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	114	4	issues	issue	NOUN
educationr-4169	114	5	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	114	6	practice	practice	NOUN
educationr-4169	114	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	114	8	43(4	43(4	NOUN
educationr-4169	114	9	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	114	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	114	11	104	104	NUM
educationr-4169	114	12	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	114	13	111	111	NUM
educationr-4169	114	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	115	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	115	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	115	3	25	25	NUM
educationr-4169	115	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	115	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	115	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	115	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	115	8	https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12651	https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12651	ADJ
educationr-4169	115	9	fair	fair	ADJ
educationr-4169	115	10	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	115	11	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	116	1	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	116	2	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	116	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	116	4	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	116	5	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	116	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	117	1	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	117	2	optional	optional	ADJ
educationr-4169	117	3	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	117	4	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	117	5	free	free	ADJ
educationr-4169	117	6	colleges	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	117	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	118	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	3	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	118	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	118	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	118	8	https://	https://	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	9	fairtest.org/test-optional-list/	fairtest.org/test-optional-list/	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	10	3	3	NUM
educationr-4169	118	11	gooch	gooch	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	13	r.m	r.m	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	14	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	16	belur	belur	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	18	v.k	v.k	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	19	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	21	haviland	haviland	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	23	s.b	s.b	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	24	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	26	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	118	27	liu	liu	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	29	o.l	o.l	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	30	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	31	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	32	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	118	33	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	34	july	july	PROPN
educationr-4169	118	35	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	118	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	119	1	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	2	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	119	3	optional	optional	ADJ
educationr-4169	119	4	policies	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	119	6	impacts	impact	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	7	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	119	8	date	date	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	9	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	119	10	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	11	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	119	12	equity	equity	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	13	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	119	14	admissions	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	119	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	1	journal	journal	NOUN
educationr-4169	120	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	120	3	postsecondary	postsecondary	ADJ
educationr-4169	120	4	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	120	5	success	success	NOUN
educationr-4169	120	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	7	3(4	3(4	NUM
educationr-4169	120	8	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	10	1	1	NUM
educationr-4169	120	11	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	120	12	19	19	NUM
educationr-4169	120	13	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	14	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	120	15	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	16	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	120	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	18	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	120	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	20	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	120	21	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1432877.pdf	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1432877.pdf	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	22	paris	paris	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	24	j.h	j.h	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	25	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	26	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	27	torsney	torsney	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	29	b.	b.	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	30	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	31	fiorot	fiorot	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	32	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	33	s.	s.	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	34	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	35	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	120	36	pressimone	pressimone	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	37	beckowski	beckowski	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	38	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	39	c.	c.	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	40	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	41	2022	2022	NUM
educationr-4169	120	42	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	43	july	july	PROPN
educationr-4169	120	44	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	120	45	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	121	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	121	2	impact	impact	NOUN
educationr-4169	121	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	121	4	optional	optional	ADJ
educationr-4169	121	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	121	6	investigating	investigate	VERB
educationr-4169	121	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	121	8	effects	effect	NOUN
educationr-4169	121	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	121	10	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	121	11	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	121	12	optional	optional	ADJ
educationr-4169	121	13	admissions	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	121	14	policies	policy	NOUN
educationr-4169	121	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	122	1	journal	journal	PROPN
educationr-4169	122	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	122	3	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	122	4	access	access	NOUN
educationr-4169	122	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	122	6	7(2	7(2	NUM
educationr-4169	122	7	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	122	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	122	9	7	7	NUM
educationr-4169	122	10	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	122	11	29	29	NUM
educationr-4169	122	12	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	123	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	123	3	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	123	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	123	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	123	8	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1372848.pdf	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1372848.pdf	NOUN
educationr-4169	123	9	rothstein	rothstein	PROPN
educationr-4169	123	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	11	j.	j.	PROPN
educationr-4169	123	12	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	13	2022	2022	NUM
educationr-4169	123	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	15	august	august	PROPN
educationr-4169	123	16	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	123	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	124	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
educationr-4169	124	2	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4169	124	3	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	124	4	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
educationr-4169	124	5	admissions	admission	NOUN
educationr-4169	124	6	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	124	7	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	124	8	pilot	pilot	NOUN
educationr-4169	124	9	study	study	NOUN
educationr-4169	124	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	124	11	letters	letter	NOUN
educationr-4169	124	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	124	13	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
educationr-4169	124	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	125	1	economics	economic	NOUN
educationr-4169	125	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	125	3	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4169	125	4	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	125	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	125	6	89	89	NUM
educationr-4169	125	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	125	8	102285	102285	NUM
educationr-4169	125	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	126	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	3	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	126	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	126	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	126	8	https://	https://	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	9	doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102285	doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102285	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	10	4	4	NUM
educationr-4169	126	11	shores	shore	NOUN
educationr-4169	126	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	13	k.a	k.a	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	14	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	15	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	126	16	student	student	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	18	s.r	s.r	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	19	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	20	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	21	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	126	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	23	december	december	PROPN
educationr-4169	126	24	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	126	25	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	127	1	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	127	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	127	3	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	127	5	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	127	6	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	127	7	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	8	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	9	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	127	10	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	127	11	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	12	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	13	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	127	14	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	15	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	16	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	127	18	edworkingpaper	edworkingpaper	ADJ
educationr-4169	127	19	no	no	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	20	.	.	NOUN
educationr-4169	127	21	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	127	22	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	127	23	1009	1009	NUM
educationr-4169	127	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	128	1	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	128	2	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	128	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	128	4	brown	brown	ADJ
educationr-4169	128	5	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	128	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	129	1	5	5	NUM
educationr-4169	130	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	130	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	3	uses	use	VERB
educationr-4169	130	4	software	software	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	130	6	called	call	VERB
educationr-4169	130	7	mirt	mirt	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	130	9	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	130	10	apply	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	130	11	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	130	12	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	13	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	14	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	15	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	16	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	17	called	call	VERB
educationr-4169	130	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	130	19	partial	partial	ADJ
educationr-4169	130	20	credit	credit	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	21	model	model	NOUN
educationr-4169	130	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	131	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	131	2	ease	ease	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	131	4	reference	reference	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	131	6	throughout	throughout	ADP
educationr-4169	131	7	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	131	8	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	131	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	131	11	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	12	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	13	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	14	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	131	15	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	131	16	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	131	17	refer	refer	VERB
educationr-4169	131	18	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	131	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	131	20	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	21	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	22	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	23	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	131	24	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	131	25	partial	partial	ADJ
educationr-4169	131	26	credit	credit	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	27	model	model	NOUN
educationr-4169	131	28	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	132	1	6	6	NUM
educationr-4169	132	2	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	132	3	expected	expect	VERB
educationr-4169	132	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	1	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	133	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	133	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	4	finds	find	VERB
educationr-4169	133	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	133	6	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	133	7	each	each	DET
educationr-4169	133	8	standard	standard	ADJ
educationr-4169	133	9	deviation	deviation	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	10	increase	increase	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	11	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	133	12	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	13	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	133	15	there	there	PRON
educationr-4169	133	16	is	be	VERB
educationr-4169	133	17	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	133	18	approximately	approximately	ADV
educationr-4169	133	19	$	$	SYM
educationr-4169	133	20	7,100	7,100	NUM
educationr-4169	133	21	increase	increase	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	22	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	133	23	expected	expect	VERB
educationr-4169	133	24	earnings	earning	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	133	26	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
educationr-4169	133	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	133	28	same	same	ADJ
educationr-4169	133	29	improvement	improvement	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	30	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	133	31	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	133	32	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	133	33	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	133	34	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	133	35	associated	associate	VERB
educationr-4169	133	36	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	133	37	earning	earn	VERB
educationr-4169	133	38	increases	increase	NOUN
educationr-4169	133	39	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	133	40	approximately	approximately	ADV
educationr-4169	133	41	$	$	SYM
educationr-4169	133	42	6200	6200	NUM
educationr-4169	133	43	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	133	44	$	$	SYM
educationr-4169	133	45	5000	5000	NUM
educationr-4169	133	46	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	133	47	6000	6000	NUM
educationr-4169	133	48	respectively	respectively	ADV
educationr-4169	133	49	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	134	1	separate	separate	ADJ
educationr-4169	134	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	3	also	also	ADV
educationr-4169	134	4	show	show	VERB
educationr-4169	134	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4169	134	6	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	8	remains	remain	VERB
educationr-4169	134	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	134	10	strong	strong	ADJ
educationr-4169	134	11	predictor	predictor	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	134	13	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	14	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	15	compared	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	134	16	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	134	17	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	134	18	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	134	19	even	even	ADV
educationr-4169	134	20	after	after	ADP
educationr-4169	134	21	controlling	control	VERB
educationr-4169	134	22	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	134	23	gpa	gpa	PROPN
educationr-4169	134	24	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	134	25	7	7	NUM
educationr-4169	134	26	partial	partial	ADJ
educationr-4169	134	27	credit	credit	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	28	items	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	29	often	often	ADV
educationr-4169	134	30	receive	receive	VERB
educationr-4169	134	31	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	32	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	134	33	range	range	VERB
educationr-4169	134	34	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	134	35	0	0	NUM
educationr-4169	134	36	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	134	37	2	2	NUM
educationr-4169	134	38	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	134	39	0	0	NUM
educationr-4169	134	40	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	134	41	3	3	NUM
educationr-4169	134	42	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	134	43	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	134	44	so	so	ADV
educationr-4169	134	45	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	134	46	depending	depend	VERB
educationr-4169	134	47	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	134	48	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	134	49	scoring	scoring	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	50	rules	rule	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	51	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	134	52	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	134	53	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	54	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	134	55	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	135	1	8	8	NUM
educationr-4169	135	2	linacre	linacre	ADJ
educationr-4169	135	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	135	4	j.m	j.m	PROPN
educationr-4169	135	5	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	135	6	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	135	7	wright	wright	PROPN
educationr-4169	135	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	135	9	b.d	b.d	PROPN
educationr-4169	135	10	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	135	11	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	135	12	2002	2002	NUM
educationr-4169	135	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	135	14	september	september	PROPN
educationr-4169	135	15	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	135	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	136	1	construction	construction	NOUN
educationr-4169	136	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	136	3	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	136	4	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	136	5	many	many	ADJ
educationr-4169	136	6	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	136	7	facet	facet	ADJ
educationr-4169	136	8	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4169	136	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	137	1	journal	journal	PROPN
educationr-4169	137	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	137	3	applied	apply	VERB
educationr-4169	137	4	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	137	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	137	6	3(4	3(4	NUM
educationr-4169	137	7	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	137	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	137	9	486	486	NUM
educationr-4169	137	10	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	137	11	512	512	NUM
educationr-4169	137	12	.	.	NOUN
educationr-4169	137	13	9	9	NUM
educationr-4169	138	1	currently	currently	ADV
educationr-4169	138	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	138	3	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	4	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	138	5	understood	understand	VERB
educationr-4169	138	6	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	138	7	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	138	8	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
educationr-4169	138	9	body	body	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	138	11	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	12	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	138	13	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	138	14	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	138	15	technical	technical	ADJ
educationr-4169	138	16	properties	property	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	17	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	138	18	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	138	19	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	138	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	138	22	ways	way	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	23	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	138	24	which	which	PRON
educationr-4169	138	25	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	26	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	138	27	interpreted	interpret	VERB
educationr-4169	138	28	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	138	29	used	use	VERB
educationr-4169	138	30	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	138	31	as	as	ADV
educationr-4169	138	32	well	well	ADV
educationr-4169	138	33	as	as	ADP
educationr-4169	138	34	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	138	35	consequences	consequence	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	36	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	138	37	result	result	VERB
educationr-4169	138	38	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	138	39	those	those	DET
educationr-4169	138	40	uses	use	NOUN
educationr-4169	138	41	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	139	1	sireci	sireci	PROPN
educationr-4169	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	139	3	s.g	s.g	PROPN
educationr-4169	139	4	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	139	5	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	139	6	2009	2009	NUM
educationr-4169	139	7	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	139	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	140	1	packing	pack	VERB
educationr-4169	140	2	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	140	3	unpacking	unpack	VERB
educationr-4169	140	4	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4169	140	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	140	6	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	140	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	140	8	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	140	9	history	history	NOUN
educationr-4169	140	10	repeats	repeat	VERB
educationr-4169	140	11	itself	itself	PRON
educationr-4169	140	12	again	again	ADV
educationr-4169	140	13	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	141	2	r.w	r.w	PROPN
educationr-4169	141	3	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	141	4	lissitz	lissitz	PROPN
educationr-4169	141	5	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	6	ed	ed	NOUN
educationr-4169	141	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	8	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	141	11	concept	concept	NOUN
educationr-4169	141	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	141	13	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	141	14	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	15	revisions	revision	NOUN
educationr-4169	141	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	17	new	new	ADJ
educationr-4169	141	18	directions	direction	NOUN
educationr-4169	141	19	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	141	20	applications	application	NOUN
educationr-4169	141	21	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	141	22	october	october	PROPN
educationr-4169	141	23	2008	2008	NUM
educationr-4169	141	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	142	1	iap	iap	PROPN
educationr-4169	142	2	information	information	PROPN
educationr-4169	142	3	age	age	NOUN
educationr-4169	142	4	publishing	publishing	NOUN
educationr-4169	142	5	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	143	1	10	10	NUM
educationr-4169	143	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	143	3	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	143	4	https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12651	https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12651	ADJ
educationr-4169	143	5	https://fairtest.org/test-optional-list/	https://fairtest.org/test-optional-list/	NOUN
educationr-4169	143	6	https://fairtest.org/test-optional-list/	https://fairtest.org/test-optional-list/	NOUN
educationr-4169	143	7	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1432877.pdf	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1432877.pdf	PROPN
educationr-4169	143	8	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1372848.pdf	https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ej1372848.pdf	VERB
educationr-4169	143	9	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102285	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102285	PROPN
educationr-4169	143	10	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102285	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102285	PROPN
educationr-4169	143	11	messick	messick	NOUN
educationr-4169	143	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	143	13	s.	s.	PROPN
educationr-4169	143	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	143	15	1989	1989	NUM
educationr-4169	143	16	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	143	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	144	1	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	144	2	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	145	2	r.l	r.l	PROPN
educationr-4169	145	3	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	145	4	linn	linn	PROPN
educationr-4169	145	5	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	6	ed	ed	NOUN
educationr-4169	145	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	8	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	10	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	145	11	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	145	12	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	13	3rd	3rd	ADJ
educationr-4169	145	14	ed	ed	NOUN
educationr-4169	145	15	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	145	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	145	17	pp	pp	PROPN
educationr-4169	145	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	146	1	13	13	NUM
educationr-4169	146	2	-	-	SYM
educationr-4169	146	3	103	103	NUM
educationr-4169	146	4	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	146	5	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	147	1	new	new	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	2	york	york	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	147	4	ny	ny	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	5	:	:	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	6	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	7	council	council	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	8	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	147	9	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	10	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	147	11	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
educationr-4169	147	12	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	148	1	kane	kane	PROPN
educationr-4169	148	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	148	3	m.t	m.t	PROPN
educationr-4169	148	4	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	148	5	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	148	6	1992	1992	NUM
educationr-4169	148	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	148	8	november	november	PROPN
educationr-4169	148	9	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	148	10	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	149	1	an	an	DET
educationr-4169	149	2	argument	argument	NOUN
educationr-4169	149	3	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	149	4	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	149	5	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4169	149	6	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	149	7	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	149	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	150	1	psychological	psychological	ADJ
educationr-4169	150	2	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN
educationr-4169	150	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	150	4	112(3	112(3	NUM
educationr-4169	150	5	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	150	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	150	7	52735	52735	NUM
educationr-4169	150	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	151	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	151	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	3	21	21	NUM
educationr-4169	151	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	151	5	2020	2020	NUM
educationr-4169	151	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	151	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	151	8	https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-11938-001	https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-11938-001	PRON
educationr-4169	151	9	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4169	151	10	educational	educational	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	11	research	research	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	12	association	association	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	151	14	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	15	psychological	psychological	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	16	association	association	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	151	18	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	151	19	national	national	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	20	council	council	PROPN
educationr-4169	151	21	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	151	22	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	151	23	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	151	24	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	151	25	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	152	1	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	152	2	2014	2014	NUM
educationr-4169	152	3	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	152	4	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	153	1	standards	standard	NOUN
educationr-4169	153	2	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	153	3	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	153	4	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	153	5	psychological	psychological	ADJ
educationr-4169	153	6	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4169	153	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	154	1	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4169	154	2	educational	educational	PROPN
educationr-4169	154	3	research	research	PROPN
educationr-4169	154	4	association	association	PROPN
educationr-4169	154	5	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	155	1	10	10	NUM
educationr-4169	155	2	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4169	155	3	educational	educational	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	4	research	research	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	5	association	association	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	155	7	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	8	psychological	psychological	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	9	association	association	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	155	11	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	155	12	national	national	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	13	council	council	PROPN
educationr-4169	155	14	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	155	15	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	155	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	155	17	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4169	155	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	156	1	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	156	2	2014	2014	NUM
educationr-4169	156	3	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	156	4	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	157	1	standards	standard	NOUN
educationr-4169	157	2	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	157	3	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4169	157	4	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	157	5	psychological	psychological	ADJ
educationr-4169	157	6	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4169	157	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	158	1	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4169	158	2	educational	educational	PROPN
educationr-4169	158	3	research	research	PROPN
educationr-4169	158	4	association	association	PROPN
educationr-4169	158	5	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	1	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	159	2	wainer	wainer	NOUN
educationr-4169	159	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	4	h.	h.	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	6	dorans	dorans	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	8	n.j	n.j	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	9	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	11	flaugher	flaugher	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	13	r.	r.	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	15	green	green	ADJ
educationr-4169	159	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	17	b.f	b.f	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	18	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	20	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	159	21	mislevy	mislevy	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	23	r.j	r.j	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	24	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	159	25	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	26	2000	2000	NUM
educationr-4169	159	27	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	159	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	160	1	computerized	computerize	VERB
educationr-4169	160	2	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
educationr-4169	160	3	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4169	160	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	160	5	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	160	6	primer	primer	NOUN
educationr-4169	160	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	161	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
educationr-4169	161	2	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	162	1	12	12	NUM
educationr-4169	162	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	162	3	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4169	162	4	set	set	VERB
educationr-4169	162	5	contained	contain	VERB
educationr-4169	162	6	grades	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	162	7	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	162	8	all	all	DET
educationr-4169	162	9	courses	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	162	10	taken	take	VERB
educationr-4169	162	11	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	162	12	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	162	13	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	162	14	graduated	graduate	VERB
educationr-4169	162	15	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	162	16	public	public	ADJ
educationr-4169	162	17	schools	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	162	18	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	162	19	2017	2017	NUM
educationr-4169	162	20	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	162	21	2021	2021	NUM
educationr-4169	162	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	1	13	13	NUM
educationr-4169	163	2	see	see	VERB
educationr-4169	163	3	pages	page	NOUN
educationr-4169	163	4	1	1	NUM
educationr-4169	163	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	6	9	9	NUM
educationr-4169	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	8	18	18	NUM
educationr-4169	163	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	10	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	163	11	28	28	NUM
educationr-4169	163	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	13	respectively	respectively	ADV
educationr-4169	163	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	15	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	163	16	shores	shore	NOUN
educationr-4169	163	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	18	k.a	k.a	PROPN
educationr-4169	163	19	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	163	20	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	163	21	student	student	PROPN
educationr-4169	163	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	23	s.r	s.r	PROPN
educationr-4169	163	24	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	163	25	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	26	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4169	163	27	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	28	december	december	PROPN
educationr-4169	163	29	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	163	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	164	1	making	make	VERB
educationr-4169	164	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	164	3	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	164	5	accounting	account	VERB
educationr-4169	164	6	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	164	7	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	8	selection	selection	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	9	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	164	10	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	164	11	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	12	transcripts	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	13	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	164	14	item	item	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	15	response	response	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	16	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	164	18	edworkingpaper	edworkingpaper	ADJ
educationr-4169	164	19	no	no	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	20	.	.	NOUN
educationr-4169	164	21	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	164	22	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	164	23	1009	1009	NUM
educationr-4169	164	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	165	1	annenberg	annenberg	PROPN
educationr-4169	165	2	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4169	165	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	165	4	brown	brown	ADJ
educationr-4169	165	5	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4169	165	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	166	1	14	14	NUM
educationr-4169	166	2	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	166	3	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	166	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	166	5	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4169	166	6	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4169	166	7	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	166	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	166	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	166	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	166	11	conventional	conventional	ADJ
educationr-4169	166	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
educationr-4169	166	13	appears	appear	VERB
educationr-4169	166	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	166	15	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	166	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	166	17	understanding	understanding	NOUN
educationr-4169	166	18	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	166	19	those	those	PRON
educationr-4169	166	20	who	who	PRON
educationr-4169	166	21	authored	author	VERB
educationr-4169	166	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	166	23	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	166	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	167	1	15	15	NUM
educationr-4169	167	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	167	3	empirical	empirical	ADJ
educationr-4169	167	4	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	167	6	perceived	perceive	VERB
educationr-4169	167	7	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	8	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	9	could	could	AUX
educationr-4169	167	10	then	then	ADV
educationr-4169	167	11	be	be	AUX
educationr-4169	167	12	compared	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	167	13	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	167	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	167	15	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	16	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	17	pro	pro	ADV
educationr-4169	167	18	duced	duce	VERB
educationr-4169	167	19	by	by	ADP
educationr-4169	167	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	167	21	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	22	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	23	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	167	24	examine	examine	VERB
educationr-4169	167	25	their	their	PRON
educationr-4169	167	26	alignment	alignment	NOUN
educationr-4169	167	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	168	1	16	16	NUM
educationr-4169	168	2	camara	camara	PROPN
educationr-4169	168	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	168	4	w.j	w.j	PROPN
educationr-4169	168	5	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4169	168	6	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4169	168	7	echternacht	echternacht	PROPN
educationr-4169	168	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	168	9	g.	g.	PROPN
educationr-4169	168	10	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4169	168	11	2000	2000	NUM
educationr-4169	168	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	168	13	july	july	PROPN
educationr-4169	168	14	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4169	168	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	169	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	169	2	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	169	3	®	®	NOUN
educationr-4169	169	4	i	i	PRON
educationr-4169	169	5	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	169	6	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4169	169	7	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4169	169	8	grades	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	169	9	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	169	10	utility	utility	NOUN
educationr-4169	169	11	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	169	12	predicting	predict	VERB
educationr-4169	169	13	success	success	NOUN
educationr-4169	169	14	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	169	15	college	college	NOUN
educationr-4169	169	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	170	1	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	170	2	notes	note	NOUN
educationr-4169	170	3	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4169	171	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4169	171	3	24	24	NUM
educationr-4169	171	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4169	171	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4169	171	8	https://web.archive.org/	https://web.archive.org/	PROPN
educationr-4169	171	9	web/20090106122457	web/20090106122457	PROPN
educationr-4169	171	10	/	/	SYM
educationr-4169	171	11	http://www.collegeboard.com	http://www.collegeboard.com	X
educationr-4169	171	12	/	/	SYM
educationr-4169	171	13	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	14	/	/	SYM
educationr-4169	171	15	pdf	pdf	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	16	/	/	SYM
educationr-4169	171	17	rn10_10755.pdf	rn10_10755.pdf	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	18	17	17	NUM
educationr-4169	171	19	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	171	20	addition	addition	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	21	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	171	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	171	23	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	24	described	describe	VERB
educationr-4169	171	25	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	171	26	this	this	DET
educationr-4169	171	27	section	section	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	29	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	171	30	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	31	conducts	conduct	VERB
educationr-4169	171	32	three	three	NUM
educationr-4169	171	33	additional	additional	ADJ
educationr-4169	171	34	sets	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	35	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	171	36	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	37	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	38	one	one	NUM
educationr-4169	171	39	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	171	40	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4169	171	41	on	on	ADP
educationr-4169	171	42	robustness	robustness	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	43	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	171	44	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	45	inflation	inflation	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	46	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	47	another	another	PRON
educationr-4169	171	48	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	171	49	employs	employ	VERB
educationr-4169	171	50	simulation	simulation	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	51	methods	method	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	52	to	to	PART
educationr-4169	171	53	examine	examine	VERB
educationr-4169	171	54	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	171	55	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	56	with	with	ADP
educationr-4169	171	57	which	which	PRON
educationr-4169	171	58	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	171	59	irt	irt	ADV
educationr-4169	171	60	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	61	based	base	VERB
educationr-4169	171	62	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	63	technique	technique	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	64	functions	function	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	65	for	for	ADP
educationr-4169	171	66	various	various	ADJ
educationr-4169	171	67	course	course	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	68	taking	take	VERB
educationr-4169	171	69	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	70	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4169	171	71	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	171	72	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	171	73	third	third	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	74	that	that	PRON
educationr-4169	171	75	compares	compare	VERB
educationr-4169	171	76	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	77	in	in	ADP
educationr-4169	171	78	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	79	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	171	80	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	81	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	82	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4169	171	83	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4169	171	84	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	85	between	between	ADP
educationr-4169	171	86	subgroups	subgroup	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	87	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	171	88	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4169	171	89	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	172	1	although	although	SCONJ
educationr-4169	172	2	all	all	DET
educationr-4169	172	3	three	three	NUM
educationr-4169	172	4	sets	set	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	172	6	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	7	are	be	AUX
educationr-4169	172	8	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4169	172	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	172	10	it	it	PRON
educationr-4169	172	11	is	be	AUX
educationr-4169	172	12	unclear	unclear	ADJ
educationr-4169	172	13	how	how	SCONJ
educationr-4169	172	14	they	they	PRON
educationr-4169	172	15	relate	relate	VERB
educationr-4169	172	16	to	to	ADP
educationr-4169	172	17	either	either	CCONJ
educationr-4169	172	18	construct	construct	VERB
educationr-4169	172	19	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	20	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	172	21	predictive	predictive	ADJ
educationr-4169	172	22	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4169	172	24	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4169	172	25	more	more	ADV
educationr-4169	172	26	generally	generally	ADV
educationr-4169	172	27	how	how	SCONJ
educationr-4169	172	28	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	172	29	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	30	support	support	VERB
educationr-4169	172	31	a	a	DET
educationr-4169	172	32	claim	claim	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	33	regarding	regard	VERB
educationr-4169	172	34	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	172	35	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	36	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	172	37	the	the	DET
educationr-4169	172	38	transcript	transcript	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	39	strength	strength	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	40	measure	measure	NOUN
educationr-4169	172	41	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4169	173	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/gpa	NOUN
educationr-4169	173	2	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	173	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4169	173	4	11	11	NUM
educationr-4169	173	5	https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-11938-001	https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-11938-001	NOUN
educationr-4169	173	6	https://web.archive.org/web/20090106122457/http://www.collegeboard.com/research/pdf/rn10_10755.pdf	https://web.archive.org/web/20090106122457/http://www.collegeboard.com/research/pdf/rn10_10755.pdf	NOUN
educationr-4169	173	7	https://web.archive.org/web/20090106122457/http://www.collegeboard.com/research/pdf/rn10_10755.pdf	https://web.archive.org/web/20090106122457/http://www.collegeboard.com/research/pdf/rn10_10755.pdf	NOUN
educationr-4169	173	8	_	_	PUNCT
educationr-4169	173	9	vfenkwdct3jy	vfenkwdct3jy	PROPN