id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
educationr-4183	1	1	nepc	nepc	INTJ
educationr-4183	1	2	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	3	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	1	4	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	5	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	1	7	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	1	8	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	1	9	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	1	10	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	11	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	1	12	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	1	13	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	1	14	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	15	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	16	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	17	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	1	18	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4183	1	19	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	1	20	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	1	21	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	1	22	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	1	23	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	1	24	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	1	25	nepc	nepc	ADP
educationr-4183	1	26	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	1	27	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	2	1	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	2	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	2	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	2	4	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	2	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	2	6	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	2	7	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	2	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	2	9	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	2	10	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	2	11	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	2	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	2	13	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	2	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	2	15	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4183	2	16	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	2	17	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	2	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	2	19	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	2	20	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	2	21	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	2	22	xavier	xavier	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	1	lorenzo	lorenzo	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	2	/	/	SYM
educationr-4183	3	3	shutterstock.com	shutterstock.com	X
educationr-4183	3	4	reviewed	review	VERB
educationr-4183	3	5	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	3	6	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	7	chris	chris	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	8	domaleski	domaleski	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	3	10	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	3	11	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	12	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	3	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	3	14	improvement	improvement	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	3	16	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	3	17	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	18	april	april	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	19	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	3	20	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	3	21	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	22	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	23	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	24	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	25	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	3	26	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	27	university	university	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	28	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	3	29	colorado	colorado	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	30	boulder	boulder	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	31	nepc.colorado.edu	nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	32	http://nepc.colorado.edu	http://nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	33	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	3	34	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	3	35	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	36	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	37	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	38	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	39	nepc	nepc	INTJ
educationr-4183	3	40	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	41	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	42	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	3	43	university	university	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	44	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	45	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	46	housed	house	VERB
educationr-4183	3	47	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	3	48	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	3	49	university	university	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	50	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	3	51	colorado	colorado	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	52	boulder	boulder	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	53	school	school	PROPN
educationr-4183	3	54	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	3	55	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	56	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	57	sponsors	sponsor	VERB
educationr-4183	3	58	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	59	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	60	produces	produce	VERB
educationr-4183	3	61	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	62	briefs	brief	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	63	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	64	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	3	65	publishes	publish	VERB
educationr-4183	3	66	expert	expert	ADJ
educationr-4183	3	67	third	third	ADJ
educationr-4183	3	68	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	3	69	party	party	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	70	reviews	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	71	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	3	72	think	think	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	73	tank	tank	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	74	reports	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	3	75	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	4	1	nepc	nepc	ADJ
educationr-4183	4	2	publications	publication	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	3	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	4	4	written	write	VERB
educationr-4183	4	5	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	4	6	accessible	accessible	ADJ
educationr-4183	4	7	language	language	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	4	9	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	4	10	intended	intend	VERB
educationr-4183	4	11	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	4	12	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	4	13	broad	broad	ADJ
educationr-4183	4	14	audience	audience	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	15	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	4	16	includes	include	VERB
educationr-4183	4	17	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4183	4	18	experts	expert	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	4	20	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	21	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	4	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	4	23	media	medium	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	4	25	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	4	26	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	4	27	general	general	ADJ
educationr-4183	4	28	public	public	NOUN
educationr-4183	4	29	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	5	1	our	our	PRON
educationr-4183	5	2	mission	mission	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	5	4	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	5	5	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	5	6	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4183	5	7	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	5	8	quality	quality	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	9	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	10	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	5	11	support	support	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	5	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
educationr-4183	5	14	deliberation	deliberation	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	15	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	5	16	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	17	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	5	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	6	1	we	we	PRON
educationr-4183	6	2	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	6	3	guided	guide	VERB
educationr-4183	6	4	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	6	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	6	6	belief	belief	NOUN
educationr-4183	6	7	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	6	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	6	9	democratic	democratic	ADJ
educationr-4183	6	10	governance	governance	NOUN
educationr-4183	6	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	6	12	public	public	ADJ
educationr-4183	6	13	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	6	14	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	6	15	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
educationr-4183	6	16	when	when	SCONJ
educationr-4183	6	17	policies	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	6	18	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	6	19	based	base	VERB
educationr-4183	6	20	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	6	21	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4183	6	22	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4183	6	23	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	6	24	support	support	VERB
educationr-4183	6	25	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	6	26	multiracial	multiracial	ADJ
educationr-4183	6	27	society	society	NOUN
educationr-4183	6	28	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	6	29	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	6	30	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
educationr-4183	6	31	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	6	32	kind	kind	ADJ
educationr-4183	6	33	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	6	34	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	6	35	just	just	ADV
educationr-4183	6	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	7	1	visit	visit	VERB
educationr-4183	7	2	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	7	3	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	7	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	7	5	http://nepc.colorado.edu	http://nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	6	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	7	acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	8	nepc	nepc	ADV
educationr-4183	7	9	staff	staff	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	10	faith	faith	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	11	boninger	boninger	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	12	publications	publication	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	13	manager	manager	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	14	patricia	patricia	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	15	hinchey	hinchey	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	16	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4183	7	17	editor	editor	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	18	elaine	elaine	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	19	duggan	duggan	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	20	production	production	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	21	design	design	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	22	alex	alex	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	23	molnar	molnar	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	24	nepc	nepc	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	25	director	director	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	26	kevin	kevin	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	27	welner	welner	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	28	nepc	nepc	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	29	director	director	PROPN
educationr-4183	7	30	suggested	suggest	VERB
educationr-4183	7	31	citation	citation	NOUN
educationr-4183	7	32	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	8	1	domaleski	domaleski	ADJ
educationr-4183	8	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	8	3	c.	c.	NOUN
educationr-4183	8	4	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	8	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	8	6	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	8	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	9	1	nepc	nepc	INTJ
educationr-4183	9	2	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	3	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	9	4	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	5	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	9	7	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	9	8	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	9	9	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	9	10	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	11	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	9	12	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	9	13	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	9	14	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	15	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	16	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	9	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	10	1	boulder	boulder	NOUN
educationr-4183	10	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	10	3	co	co	NOUN
educationr-4183	10	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	10	5	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	10	6	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	10	7	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	10	8	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	10	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	11	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	11	2	[	[	PUNCT
educationr-4183	11	3	date	date	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	4	]	]	PUNCT
educationr-4183	11	5	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	11	6	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	ADJ
educationr-4183	11	7	funding	funding	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	8	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	11	9	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	11	10	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	11	was	be	AUX
educationr-4183	11	12	made	make	VERB
educationr-4183	11	13	possible	possible	ADJ
educationr-4183	11	14	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	11	15	part	part	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	16	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	11	17	funding	fund	VERB
educationr-4183	11	18	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	11	19	great	great	ADJ
educationr-4183	11	20	lakes	lake	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	21	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	22	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	11	23	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	24	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	25	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4183	11	26	practice	practice	VERB
educationr-4183	11	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	11	28	great	great	ADJ
educationr-4183	11	29	lakes	lake	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	30	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	31	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	11	32	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	11	33	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	34	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	11	35	practice	practice	NOUN
educationr-4183	11	36	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	12	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	12	2	work	work	NOUN
educationr-4183	12	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	12	4	licensed	license	VERB
educationr-4183	12	5	under	under	ADP
educationr-4183	12	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	12	7	creative	creative	ADJ
educationr-4183	12	8	commons	common	NOUN
educationr-4183	12	9	attribution	attribution	NOUN
educationr-4183	12	10	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	12	11	noncommercialnoderivatives	noncommercialnoderivative	NOUN
educationr-4183	12	12	4.0	4.0	NUM
educationr-4183	12	13	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	12	14	license	license	NOUN
educationr-4183	12	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	13	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	13	2	publication	publication	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	13	4	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	13	5	free	free	ADJ
educationr-4183	13	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	13	7	cost	cost	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	8	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	13	9	nepc	nepc	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	10	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	13	11	readers	reader	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	13	13	who	who	PRON
educationr-4183	13	14	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	13	15	make	make	VERB
educationr-4183	13	16	non	non	ADJ
educationr-4183	13	17	-	-	ADJ
educationr-4183	13	18	commercial	commercial	ADJ
educationr-4183	13	19	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	13	21	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	13	22	as	as	ADV
educationr-4183	13	23	long	long	ADV
educationr-4183	13	24	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	13	25	nepc	nepc	ADV
educationr-4183	13	26	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	13	27	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	13	28	author(s	author(s	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	29	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	13	30	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	13	31	credited	credit	VERB
educationr-4183	13	32	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	13	33	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	13	34	source	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	13	35	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	14	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	14	2	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
educationr-4183	14	3	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	14	4	commercial	commercial	ADJ
educationr-4183	14	5	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4183	14	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	14	7	please	please	INTJ
educationr-4183	14	8	contact	contact	VERB
educationr-4183	14	9	nepc	nepc	ADV
educationr-4183	14	10	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	14	11	nepc@colorado.edu	nepc@colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	12	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	13	2	2	NUM
educationr-4183	14	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	14	15	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	14	16	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	https://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	17	http://www.greatlakescenter.org	http://www.greatlakescenter.org	X
educationr-4183	14	18	mailto	mailto	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	19	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	14	20	nepc%40colorado.edu?subject=	nepc%40colorado.edu?subject=	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	21	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	22	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	23	http://nepc.colorado.edu	http://nepc.colorado.edu	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	24	nepc	nepc	ADP
educationr-4183	14	25	review	review	PROPN
educationr-4183	14	26	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	1	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	15	4	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	15	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	6	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	15	7	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	15	9	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	15	10	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	15	11	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	13	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	15	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	16	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	17	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	19	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	20	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	15	21	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	22	reviewed	review	VERB
educationr-4183	15	23	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	15	24	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	25	chris	chris	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	26	domaleski	domaleski	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	15	28	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	29	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	30	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	15	31	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	15	32	improvement	improvement	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	33	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	15	34	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	35	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	36	april	april	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	37	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	15	38	summary	summary	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	39	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	15	40	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	41	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	42	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	43	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	44	report	report	PROPN
educationr-4183	15	45	examines	examine	VERB
educationr-4183	15	46	long	long	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	47	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	15	48	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	49	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	50	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	15	51	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	52	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	53	using	use	VERB
educationr-4183	15	54	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	55	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	15	56	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	57	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	15	58	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	15	59	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	15	60	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	16	2	identifies	identify	VERB
educationr-4183	16	3	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	16	4	major	major	ADJ
educationr-4183	16	5	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	6	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	7	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	8	1	1	X
educationr-4183	16	9	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	10	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	11	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	12	peaked	peak	VERB
educationr-4183	16	13	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	16	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	16	15	early	early	ADJ
educationr-4183	16	16	2010s	2010	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	17	before	before	ADP
educationr-4183	16	18	declining	decline	VERB
educationr-4183	16	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	20	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	21	2	2	X
educationr-4183	16	22	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	23	lower	lower	ADV
educationr-4183	16	24	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	25	performing	perform	VERB
educationr-4183	16	26	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	27	have	have	AUX
educationr-4183	16	28	seen	see	VERB
educationr-4183	16	29	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	16	30	sharpest	sharp	ADJ
educationr-4183	16	31	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	32	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	33	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	34	3	3	X
educationr-4183	16	35	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	36	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	37	gaps	gap	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	38	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	16	39	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	16	40	u.s	u.s	PROPN
educationr-4183	16	41	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	16	42	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	16	43	widening	widen	VERB
educationr-4183	16	44	more	more	ADJ
educationr-4183	16	45	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	16	46	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	16	47	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4183	16	48	countries	country	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	49	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	50	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	16	51	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	52	4	4	X
educationr-4183	16	53	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	16	54	similar	similar	ADJ
educationr-4183	16	55	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	56	appear	appear	VERB
educationr-4183	16	57	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	16	58	adult	adult	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	59	literacy	literacy	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	60	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	16	61	numeracy	numeracy	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	62	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	16	63	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	17	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	17	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	3	points	point	VERB
educationr-4183	17	4	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	17	5	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	17	6	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	7	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	17	8	challenge	challenge	VERB
educationr-4183	17	9	implicit	implicit	ADJ
educationr-4183	17	10	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	17	12	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4183	17	13	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	17	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	17	15	view	view	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	16	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	17	17	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4183	17	18	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	19	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	20	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	17	21	solely	solely	ADV
educationr-4183	17	22	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	17	23	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
educationr-4183	17	24	effect	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	25	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	17	26	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	17	27	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	17	28	effects	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	29	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	17	30	uniform	uniform	ADJ
educationr-4183	17	31	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	17	32	all	all	DET
educationr-4183	17	33	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	17	34	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	18	1	yet	yet	ADV
educationr-4183	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	18	3	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	18	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	18	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	18	6	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	18	7	effectively	effectively	ADV
educationr-4183	18	8	highlight	highlight	VERB
educationr-4183	18	9	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	18	10	key	key	ADJ
educationr-4183	18	11	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	18	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	18	13	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	18	14	analytical	analytical	ADJ
educationr-4183	18	15	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4183	18	16	raises	raise	VERB
educationr-4183	18	17	concerns	concern	NOUN
educationr-4183	18	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	19	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	19	2	overlooks	overlook	VERB
educationr-4183	19	3	important	important	ADJ
educationr-4183	19	4	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	19	5	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	19	6	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	19	7	could	could	AUX
educationr-4183	19	8	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	19	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	19	10	fuller	full	ADJ
educationr-4183	19	11	picture	picture	NOUN
educationr-4183	19	12	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	20	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
educationr-4183	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	20	3	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	20	4	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	20	5	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	20	6	account	account	VERB
educationr-4183	20	7	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	20	8	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	20	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	20	10	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
educationr-4183	20	11	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	20	12	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	20	13	guidance	guidance	NOUN
educationr-4183	20	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	20	15	detect	detect	VERB
educationr-4183	20	16	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	20	17	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	20	18	matter	matter	NOUN
educationr-4183	20	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	21	1	finally	finally	ADV
educationr-4183	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	21	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	21	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	5	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	21	6	effort	effort	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	7	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	21	8	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	21	9	pressure	pressure	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	10	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	11	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	21	12	possible	possible	ADJ
educationr-4183	21	13	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	14	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	21	15	underdeveloped	underdeveloped	ADJ
educationr-4183	21	16	—	—	PUNCT
educationr-4183	21	17	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	21	18	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	19	lack	lack	VERB
educationr-4183	21	20	depth	depth	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	21	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	21	22	fail	fail	VERB
educationr-4183	21	23	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	21	24	engage	engage	VERB
educationr-4183	21	25	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	21	26	established	established	ADJ
educationr-4183	21	27	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	28	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	21	29	causal	causal	ADJ
educationr-4183	21	30	inference	inference	NOUN
educationr-4183	21	31	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	22	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	22	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	22	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	4	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	22	5	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	22	6	useful	useful	ADJ
educationr-4183	22	7	starting	starting	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	8	point	point	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	9	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	22	10	discussions	discussion	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	11	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	22	12	u.s	u.s	PROPN
educationr-4183	22	13	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	22	14	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	15	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	22	17	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	22	18	falls	fall	VERB
educationr-4183	22	19	short	short	ADV
educationr-4183	22	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	22	21	delivering	deliver	VERB
educationr-4183	22	22	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	22	23	framework	framework	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	24	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	22	25	understanding	understanding	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	26	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	22	27	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	22	28	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	22	29	exist	exist	VERB
educationr-4183	22	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	2	3	3	NUM
educationr-4183	23	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	23	4	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	23	5	nepc	nepc	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	6	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	7	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	8	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	9	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	23	11	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	23	12	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	13	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	23	14	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	15	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	23	16	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	23	17	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	23	18	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	19	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	20	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	21	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	22	american	american	ADJ
educationr-4183	23	23	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	24	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	26	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	27	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	23	28	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	29	reviewed	review	VERB
educationr-4183	23	30	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	23	31	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	32	chris	chris	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	33	domaleski	domaleski	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	34	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	23	35	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	23	36	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	37	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	23	38	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	23	39	improvement	improvement	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	40	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	23	41	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	23	42	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	43	april	april	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	44	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	23	45	i.	i.	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	46	introduction	introduction	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	47	concerns	concern	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	48	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	23	49	academic	academic	ADJ
educationr-4183	23	50	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	51	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	23	52	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	23	53	united	united	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	54	states	states	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	55	have	have	AUX
educationr-4183	23	56	intensified	intensify	VERB
educationr-4183	23	57	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	23	58	especially	especially	ADV
educationr-4183	23	59	after	after	ADP
educationr-4183	23	60	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	23	61	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	23	62	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	63	caused	cause	VERB
educationr-4183	23	64	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	23	65	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	23	66	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
educationr-4183	23	67	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
educationr-4183	23	68	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	24	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
educationr-4183	24	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	24	3	widespread	widespread	ADJ
educationr-4183	24	4	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4183	24	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	24	6	standardized	standardized	ADJ
educationr-4183	24	7	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	24	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	24	9	obtaining	obtain	VERB
educationr-4183	24	10	clear	clear	ADJ
educationr-4183	24	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	24	12	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
educationr-4183	24	13	insights	insight	NOUN
educationr-4183	24	14	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	24	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	24	16	limited	limited	ADJ
educationr-4183	24	17	number	number	NOUN
educationr-4183	24	18	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	24	19	nationally	nationally	ADV
educationr-4183	24	20	comparable	comparable	ADJ
educationr-4183	24	21	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	24	22	remains	remain	VERB
educationr-4183	24	23	challenging	challenge	VERB
educationr-4183	24	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	25	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	25	2	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
educationr-4183	25	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	25	4	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
educationr-4183	25	5	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	25	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	25	7	complexities	complexity	NOUN
educationr-4183	25	8	inherent	inherent	ADJ
educationr-4183	25	9	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	25	10	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	25	11	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	25	12	among	among	ADP
educationr-4183	25	13	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	25	14	over	over	ADP
educationr-4183	25	15	time	time	NOUN
educationr-4183	25	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	25	17	making	make	VERB
educationr-4183	25	18	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	25	19	hard	hard	ADJ
educationr-4183	25	20	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	25	21	identify	identify	VERB
educationr-4183	25	22	common	common	ADJ
educationr-4183	25	23	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	25	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	26	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	26	2	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	26	3	even	even	ADV
educationr-4183	26	4	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	26	5	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4183	26	6	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	26	7	develop	develop	VERB
educationr-4183	26	8	compelling	compelling	ADJ
educationr-4183	26	9	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	26	10	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	26	11	explain	explain	VERB
educationr-4183	26	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	26	13	source	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	26	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	26	15	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	26	16	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	26	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	27	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	27	2	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	27	3	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	27	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	5	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	27	6	nat	nat	PROPN
educationr-4183	27	7	markus	markus	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	8	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	27	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	27	10	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4183	27	11	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	27	12	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	27	13	seeks	seek	VERB
educationr-4183	27	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	27	15	address	address	VERB
educationr-4183	27	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	27	17	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	18	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	19	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	27	20	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	27	21	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	27	22	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	27	23	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	24	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	27	25	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	27	26	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	27	27	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	28	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	29	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	27	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	1	1	1	NUM
educationr-4183	28	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	4	primarily	primarily	ADV
educationr-4183	28	5	relies	rely	VERB
educationr-4183	28	6	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	28	7	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	8	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	28	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	10	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	11	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	12	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	28	13	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	14	progress	progress	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	15	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	16	naep)—both	naep)—both	CCONJ
educationr-4183	28	17	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	18	main	main	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	19	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	20	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	28	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	22	long	long	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	23	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	24	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	25	trend	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	26	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	27	ltt	ltt	PROPN
educationr-4183	28	28	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	29	naep.2	naep.2	PROPN
educationr-4183	28	30	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	28	31	also	also	ADV
educationr-4183	28	32	draws	draw	VERB
educationr-4183	28	33	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	28	34	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	35	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	28	36	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	37	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	38	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	28	39	include	include	VERB
educationr-4183	28	40	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	41	program	program	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	42	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	28	43	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	44	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	45	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	46	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	28	47	adult	adult	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	48	competencies	competency	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	49	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	50	piaac	piaac	PROPN
educationr-4183	28	51	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	52	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	53	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	54	program	program	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	55	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	28	56	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	57	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	58	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	59	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	60	pisa	pisa	PROPN
educationr-4183	28	61	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	62	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	63	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	28	64	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	28	65	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	66	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	28	67	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	28	68	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	69	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	28	70	science	science	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	71	study	study	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	72	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	73	timms	timms	NOUN
educationr-4183	28	74	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	28	75	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	29	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	29	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	3	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4183	29	4	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	29	5	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	6	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	29	7	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	29	8	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	9	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	29	10	approximately	approximately	ADV
educationr-4183	29	11	1990	1990	NUM
educationr-4183	29	12	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	29	13	2022	2022	NUM
educationr-4183	29	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	29	15	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
educationr-4183	29	16	relative	relative	ADJ
educationr-4183	29	17	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	18	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	29	19	comparison	comparison	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	20	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	29	21	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	29	22	perceived	perceive	VERB
educationr-4183	29	23	peak	peak	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	24	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	29	25	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	29	26	around	around	ADP
educationr-4183	29	27	2013	2013	NUM
educationr-4183	29	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	29	29	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	29	30	shape	shape	VERB
educationr-4183	29	31	an	an	DET
educationr-4183	29	32	overarching	overarching	ADJ
educationr-4183	29	33	narrative	narrative	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	34	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	29	35	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	36	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	29	37	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	29	38	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	29	39	us	us	PROPN
educationr-4183	29	40	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	30	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	30	2	narrative	narrative	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	30	4	positioned	position	VERB
educationr-4183	30	5	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	30	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	30	7	challenge	challenge	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	30	9	some	some	DET
educationr-4183	30	10	implicit	implicit	ADJ
educationr-4183	30	11	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	30	13	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4183	30	14	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	30	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	30	16	view	view	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	17	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	30	18	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4183	30	19	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	20	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	21	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	30	22	solely	solely	ADV
educationr-4183	30	23	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	30	24	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
educationr-4183	30	25	effect	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	26	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	30	27	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	30	28	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	30	29	effects	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	30	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	30	31	uniform	uniform	ADJ
educationr-4183	30	32	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	30	33	all	all	DET
educationr-4183	30	34	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	30	35	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	31	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	31	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	3	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	31	4	primary	primary	ADJ
educationr-4183	31	5	purpose	purpose	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	6	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	31	7	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	31	8	establish	establish	VERB
educationr-4183	31	9	criteria	criterion	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	10	against	against	ADP
educationr-4183	31	11	which	which	PRON
educationr-4183	31	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	31	13	credibility	credibility	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	31	15	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4183	31	16	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	17	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	31	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	31	19	influences	influence	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	20	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	31	21	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	31	23	can	can	AUX
educationr-4183	31	24	be	be	AUX
educationr-4183	31	25	tested	test	VERB
educationr-4183	31	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	32	1	plausible	plausible	ADJ
educationr-4183	32	2	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	32	3	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	32	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	32	5	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	32	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	32	7	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	32	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	32	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	32	10	posits	posit	NOUN
educationr-4183	32	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	32	12	must	must	AUX
educationr-4183	32	13	account	account	VERB
educationr-4183	32	14	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	32	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	32	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	32	17	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	32	18	described	describe	VERB
educationr-4183	32	19	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	32	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	32	21	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	32	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	33	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	33	2	4	4	NUM
educationr-4183	33	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	33	4	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	33	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	33	6	timing	timing	NOUN
educationr-4183	33	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	33	8	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	33	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	33	10	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	33	11	release	release	NOUN
educationr-4183	33	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	33	13	just	just	ADV
educationr-4183	33	14	before	before	ADP
educationr-4183	33	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	33	16	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4183	33	17	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	33	18	results	result	NOUN
educationr-4183	33	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	33	20	adds	add	VERB
educationr-4183	33	21	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	33	22	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	33	23	significance	significance	NOUN
educationr-4183	33	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	34	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	34	2	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	34	3	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	34	5	widely	widely	ADV
educationr-4183	34	6	seen	see	VERB
educationr-4183	34	7	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	34	8	alarming	alarming	ADJ
educationr-4183	34	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	34	10	confirm	confirm	VERB
educationr-4183	34	11	that	that	DET
educationr-4183	34	12	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	13	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	14	across	across	ADP
educationr-4183	34	15	all	all	DET
educationr-4183	34	16	grades	grade	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	34	18	subjects	subject	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	19	remains	remain	VERB
educationr-4183	34	20	below	below	ADP
educationr-4183	34	21	pre	pre	ADJ
educationr-4183	34	22	-	-	ADJ
educationr-4183	34	23	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
educationr-4183	34	24	levels	level	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	34	26	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	34	27	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	28	gaps	gap	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	29	continuing	continue	VERB
educationr-4183	34	30	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	34	31	widen.3	widen.3	PROPN
educationr-4183	34	32	given	give	VERB
educationr-4183	34	33	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	34	34	concerning	concern	VERB
educationr-4183	34	35	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	36	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	34	37	understanding	understand	VERB
educationr-4183	34	38	both	both	CCONJ
educationr-4183	34	39	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	34	40	factors	factor	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	41	influencing	influence	VERB
educationr-4183	34	42	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	43	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	44	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	34	45	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	34	46	reasons	reason	NOUN
educationr-4183	34	47	behind	behind	ADP
educationr-4183	34	48	them	they	PRON
educationr-4183	34	49	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	34	50	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	34	51	critical	critical	ADJ
educationr-4183	34	52	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	34	53	ever	ever	ADV
educationr-4183	34	54	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	35	1	ii	ii	PROPN
educationr-4183	35	2	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	35	3	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	35	4	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	35	5	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4183	35	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	35	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	35	8	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	35	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	35	10	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	35	11	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	35	12	divided	divide	VERB
educationr-4183	35	13	into	into	ADP
educationr-4183	35	14	two	two	NUM
educationr-4183	35	15	main	main	ADJ
educationr-4183	35	16	sections	section	NOUN
educationr-4183	35	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	36	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	36	2	first	first	ADJ
educationr-4183	36	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	36	4	which	which	PRON
educationr-4183	36	5	makes	make	VERB
educationr-4183	36	6	up	up	ADP
educationr-4183	36	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	36	8	majority	majority	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	36	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	36	11	document	document	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	36	13	presents	present	VERB
educationr-4183	36	14	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
educationr-4183	36	15	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	16	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	17	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	36	18	support	support	VERB
educationr-4183	36	19	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	36	20	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	21	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	36	22	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	36	23	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	24	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	36	25	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	26	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	36	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	37	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	37	2	second	second	ADJ
educationr-4183	37	3	section	section	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	4	briefly	briefly	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	5	examines	examine	VERB
educationr-4183	37	6	potential	potential	ADJ
educationr-4183	37	7	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	8	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	37	9	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	37	10	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	37	12	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4183	37	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	37	14	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	15	attempts	attempt	VERB
educationr-4183	37	16	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	37	17	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	37	18	pressure	pressure	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	19	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	20	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	37	21	three	three	NUM
educationr-4183	37	22	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	37	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	38	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	38	2	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	38	3	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	38	4	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	38	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	38	6	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	38	7	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	38	8	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
educationr-4183	38	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	39	1	first	first	ADV
educationr-4183	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	39	3	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	39	4	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	39	5	peaked	peak	VERB
educationr-4183	39	6	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	39	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	39	8	early	early	ADJ
educationr-4183	39	9	2010s	2010s	NUM
educationr-4183	39	10	before	before	ADP
educationr-4183	39	11	beginning	begin	VERB
educationr-4183	39	12	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	39	13	steady	steady	ADJ
educationr-4183	39	14	decline	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	39	15	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	40	1	second	second	ADJ
educationr-4183	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	40	3	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	40	4	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	40	5	were	be	AUX
educationr-4183	40	6	largely	largely	ADV
educationr-4183	40	7	due	due	ADJ
educationr-4183	40	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	40	9	sharper	sharp	ADJ
educationr-4183	40	10	drops	drop	NOUN
educationr-4183	40	11	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	40	12	lower	low	ADJ
educationr-4183	40	13	percentiles	percentile	NOUN
educationr-4183	40	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	40	15	meaning	mean	VERB
educationr-4183	40	16	lower	lower	ADV
educationr-4183	40	17	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	40	18	performing	perform	VERB
educationr-4183	40	19	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	40	20	experienced	experience	VERB
educationr-4183	40	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	40	22	greatest	great	ADJ
educationr-4183	40	23	setbacks	setback	NOUN
educationr-4183	40	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	41	1	third	third	ADJ
educationr-4183	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	41	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	41	4	widening	widen	VERB
educationr-4183	41	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	41	6	gaps	gap	NOUN
educationr-4183	41	7	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	41	8	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	41	9	pronounced	pronounced	ADJ
educationr-4183	41	10	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	41	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	41	12	us	us	PROPN
educationr-4183	41	13	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	41	14	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	41	15	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4183	41	16	countries	country	NOUN
educationr-4183	41	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	42	1	finally	finally	ADV
educationr-4183	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	42	3	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	4	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	5	occur	occur	VERB
educationr-4183	42	6	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	42	7	adult	adult	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	8	learners	learner	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	9	as	as	ADV
educationr-4183	42	10	well	well	ADV
educationr-4183	42	11	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	42	12	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	42	14	based	base	VERB
educationr-4183	42	15	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	42	16	results	result	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	17	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	42	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	42	19	piaac	piaac	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	42	21	which	which	PRON
educationr-4183	42	22	assesses	assesse	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	23	examinees	examine	VERB
educationr-4183	42	24	aged	age	VERB
educationr-4183	42	25	16	16	NUM
educationr-4183	42	26	-	-	SYM
educationr-4183	42	27	65	65	NUM
educationr-4183	42	28	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	42	29	literacy	literacy	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	42	31	numeracy	numeracy	NOUN
educationr-4183	42	32	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	43	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	43	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	3	asserts	assert	VERB
educationr-4183	43	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	43	5	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	43	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	43	7	similarities	similarity	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	8	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	43	9	adult	adult	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	10	piaac	piaac	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	11	score	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	12	trajectories	trajectory	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	13	have	have	VERB
educationr-4183	43	14	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	43	15	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	16	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	43	17	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	43	18	striking	strike	VERB
educationr-4183	43	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	43	20	”4	”4	PROPN
educationr-4183	44	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
educationr-4183	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	44	3	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	44	4	peaked	peak	VERB
educationr-4183	44	5	around	around	ADP
educationr-4183	44	6	2012	2012	NUM
educationr-4183	44	7	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	44	8	has	have	AUX
educationr-4183	44	9	since	since	SCONJ
educationr-4183	44	10	declined	decline	VERB
educationr-4183	44	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	44	12	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	44	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	44	14	largest	large	ADJ
educationr-4183	44	15	drops	drop	NOUN
educationr-4183	44	16	occurring	occur	VERB
educationr-4183	44	17	among	among	ADP
educationr-4183	44	18	lower	lower	ADV
educationr-4183	44	19	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	44	20	performing	perform	VERB
educationr-4183	44	21	examinees	examinee	NOUN
educationr-4183	44	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	44	23	contributing	contribute	VERB
educationr-4183	44	24	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	44	25	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	44	26	us	us	PROPN
educationr-4183	44	27	having	have	VERB
educationr-4183	44	28	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	44	29	largest	large	ADJ
educationr-4183	44	30	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	44	31	gaps	gap	NOUN
educationr-4183	44	32	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	45	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	45	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	45	3	final	final	ADJ
educationr-4183	45	4	section	section	NOUN
educationr-4183	45	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	45	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	45	7	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	45	8	attempts	attempt	VERB
educationr-4183	45	9	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	45	10	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	45	11	try	try	VERB
educationr-4183	45	12	out	out	ADP
educationr-4183	45	13	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	45	14	some	some	DET
educationr-4183	45	15	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	45	16	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	45	17	might	might	AUX
educationr-4183	45	18	explain	explain	VERB
educationr-4183	45	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	45	20	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	45	21	observed	observe	VERB
educationr-4183	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	46	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	46	2	reader	reader	NOUN
educationr-4183	46	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	46	4	cautioned	caution	VERB
educationr-4183	46	5	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	46	6	advance	advance	NOUN
educationr-4183	46	7	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	46	8	no	no	DET
educationr-4183	46	9	single	single	ADJ
educationr-4183	46	10	explanation	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	46	11	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	46	12	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
educationr-4183	46	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	46	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	46	15	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	46	16	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	46	17	simply	simply	ADV
educationr-4183	46	18	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4183	46	19	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	46	20	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	46	21	exercises	exercise	NOUN
educationr-4183	46	22	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	46	23	identifying	identify	VERB
educationr-4183	46	24	plausible	plausible	ADJ
educationr-4183	46	25	‘	'	PUNCT
educationr-4183	46	26	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	46	27	s	s	VERB
educationr-4183	46	28	’	'	PUNCT
educationr-4183	46	29	behind	behind	ADP
educationr-4183	46	30	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	46	31	troubling	troubling	ADJ
educationr-4183	46	32	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	46	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	46	34	”5	”5	PUNCT
educationr-4183	47	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	47	2	first	first	ADJ
educationr-4183	47	3	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	47	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
educationr-4183	47	5	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	47	6	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	47	7	crises	crisis	NOUN
educationr-4183	47	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	47	9	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4183	47	10	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	47	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	47	12	great	great	ADJ
educationr-4183	47	13	recession	recession	NOUN
educationr-4183	47	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	47	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	47	16	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
educationr-4183	47	17	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
educationr-4183	47	18	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	47	19	contributed	contribute	VERB
educationr-4183	47	20	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	47	21	learning	learn	VERB
educationr-4183	47	22	setbacks	setback	NOUN
educationr-4183	47	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	47	24	particularly	particularly	ADV
educationr-4183	47	25	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	47	26	lower	lower	ADV
educationr-4183	47	27	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	47	28	performing	perform	VERB
educationr-4183	47	29	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	47	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	48	1	however	however	ADV
educationr-4183	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	48	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	48	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	5	finds	find	VERB
educationr-4183	48	6	that	that	DET
educationr-4183	48	7	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	8	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
educationr-4183	48	9	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4183	48	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	48	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	12	decline	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	13	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	48	14	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	48	15	fully	fully	ADV
educationr-4183	48	16	align	align	VERB
educationr-4183	48	17	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	48	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	48	19	timeline	timeline	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	20	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	48	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	48	22	recession	recession	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	23	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	48	24	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	48	25	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
educationr-4183	48	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	49	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	49	2	second	second	ADJ
educationr-4183	49	3	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	4	points	point	VERB
educationr-4183	49	5	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	49	6	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	7	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	8	changes	change	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	49	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
educationr-4183	49	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	49	12	transition	transition	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	13	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	49	14	no	no	DET
educationr-4183	49	15	child	child	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	16	left	leave	VERB
educationr-4183	49	17	behind	behind	ADV
educationr-4183	49	18	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	49	19	nclb	nclb	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	20	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	49	21	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	49	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	49	23	every	every	DET
educationr-4183	49	24	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	25	succeeds	succeed	VERB
educationr-4183	49	26	act	act	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	27	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	49	28	essa	essa	PROPN
educationr-4183	49	29	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	49	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	49	31	later	later	ADV
educationr-4183	49	32	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	49	33	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	49	34	implementation	implementation	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	35	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	49	36	common	common	ADJ
educationr-4183	49	37	core	core	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	38	standards	standard	NOUN
educationr-4183	49	39	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	50	1	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	50	2	progression	progression	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	50	4	cast	cast	VERB
educationr-4183	50	5	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	50	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	50	7	weakening	weakening	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	50	9	federal	federal	ADJ
educationr-4183	50	10	accountability	accountability	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	11	measures	measure	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	50	13	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	50	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	50	15	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	16	alludes	allude	VERB
educationr-4183	50	17	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	50	18	adverse	adverse	ADJ
educationr-4183	50	19	effects	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	20	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	50	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	50	22	common	common	ADJ
educationr-4183	50	23	core	core	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	24	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	50	25	lower	lower	ADV
educationr-4183	50	26	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	50	27	performing	perform	VERB
educationr-4183	50	28	students	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	29	—	—	PUNCT
educationr-4183	50	30	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	50	31	notes	note	VERB
educationr-4183	50	32	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	50	33	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	50	34	explanation	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	35	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	50	36	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	50	37	account	account	VERB
educationr-4183	50	38	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	50	39	similar	similar	ADJ
educationr-4183	50	40	declines	decline	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	41	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	50	42	adult	adult	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	43	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	50	44	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	51	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	51	2	third	third	ADJ
educationr-4183	51	3	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	51	4	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4183	51	5	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	51	6	cultural	cultural	ADJ
educationr-4183	51	7	shifts	shift	NOUN
educationr-4183	51	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	51	9	including	include	VERB
educationr-4183	51	10	increased	increase	VERB
educationr-4183	51	11	screen	screen	NOUN
educationr-4183	51	12	time	time	NOUN
educationr-4183	51	13	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	51	14	declining	decline	VERB
educationr-4183	51	15	engagement	engagement	NOUN
educationr-4183	51	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	51	17	recreational	recreational	ADJ
educationr-4183	51	18	reading	reading	NOUN
educationr-4183	51	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	52	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	52	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	52	3	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	52	4	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	52	5	align	align	VERB
educationr-4183	52	6	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	52	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	52	8	timing	timing	NOUN
educationr-4183	52	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	52	10	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	52	11	declines	decline	VERB
educationr-4183	52	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	52	13	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	52	14	fails	fail	VERB
educationr-4183	52	15	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	52	16	explain	explain	VERB
educationr-4183	52	17	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	52	18	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	52	19	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
educationr-4183	52	20	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	52	21	gaps	gap	NOUN
educationr-4183	52	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	53	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	53	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	53	3	concludes	conclude	VERB
educationr-4183	53	4	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	53	5	each	each	DET
educationr-4183	53	6	theory	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	53	7	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	53	8	valuable	valuable	ADJ
educationr-4183	53	9	insights	insight	NOUN
educationr-4183	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	53	11	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	53	12	no	no	DET
educationr-4183	53	13	single	single	ADJ
educationr-4183	53	14	explanation	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	53	15	fully	fully	ADV
educationr-4183	53	16	accounts	account	VERB
educationr-4183	53	17	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	53	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	53	19	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	53	20	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	53	21	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	54	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	54	2	5	5	NUM
educationr-4183	54	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	54	4	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	54	5	iii	iii	NOUN
educationr-4183	54	6	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	55	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	55	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	3	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	55	4	rationale	rationale	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	5	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	55	6	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	55	7	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	55	9	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	55	11	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	12	primarily	primarily	ADV
educationr-4183	55	13	focuses	focus	VERB
educationr-4183	55	14	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	55	15	analyzing	analyze	VERB
educationr-4183	55	16	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	55	17	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	18	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	55	19	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	20	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	21	based	base	VERB
educationr-4183	55	22	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	55	23	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	55	24	key	key	ADJ
educationr-4183	55	25	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	55	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	56	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	56	2	supporting	support	VERB
educationr-4183	56	3	rationale	rationale	NOUN
educationr-4183	56	4	comes	come	VERB
educationr-4183	56	5	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	56	6	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
educationr-4183	56	7	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	56	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	56	9	average	average	ADJ
educationr-4183	56	10	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	56	11	percentile	percentile	ADJ
educationr-4183	56	12	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	56	13	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	56	14	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	56	15	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	56	16	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	56	17	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	56	18	spanning	span	VERB
educationr-4183	56	19	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	56	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	56	21	1990s	1990s	NUM
educationr-4183	56	22	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	56	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	56	24	present	present	NOUN
educationr-4183	56	25	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	57	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	57	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	3	asserts	assert	VERB
educationr-4183	57	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	57	5	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	57	6	together	together	ADV
educationr-4183	57	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	57	8	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	57	9	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	10	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	57	11	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	57	12	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
educationr-4183	57	13	view	view	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	57	15	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	57	16	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	57	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	57	18	skill	skill	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	19	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	20	across	across	ADP
educationr-4183	57	21	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	57	22	populations	population	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	23	over	over	ADP
educationr-4183	57	24	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	57	25	past	past	ADJ
educationr-4183	57	26	two	two	NUM
educationr-4183	57	27	decades	decade	NOUN
educationr-4183	57	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	58	1	”6	”6	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	2	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
educationr-4183	58	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	58	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	58	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	6	aims	aim	VERB
educationr-4183	58	7	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	58	8	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
educationr-4183	58	9	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	58	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	58	11	consistency	consistency	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	58	13	direction	direction	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	14	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	58	15	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	58	16	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	17	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	58	18	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	58	19	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	20	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	58	21	strong	strong	ADJ
educationr-4183	58	22	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4183	58	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	59	1	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4183	59	2	noted	note	VERB
educationr-4183	59	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	59	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	59	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	59	6	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	59	7	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	59	8	offer	offer	VERB
educationr-4183	59	9	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	59	10	rationale	rationale	NOUN
educationr-4183	59	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	59	12	account	account	VERB
educationr-4183	59	13	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	59	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	59	15	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	59	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	60	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	60	2	fact	fact	NOUN
educationr-4183	60	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	60	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	60	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	60	6	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
educationr-4183	60	7	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	60	8	adequate	adequate	ADJ
educationr-4183	60	9	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	60	10	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	60	11	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4183	60	12	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	60	13	construct	construct	VERB
educationr-4183	60	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	60	15	defend	defend	VERB
educationr-4183	60	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	60	17	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4183	60	18	illustrated	illustrate	VERB
educationr-4183	60	19	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	60	20	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	60	21	exercise	exercise	NOUN
educationr-4183	60	22	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	60	23	critiquing	critique	VERB
educationr-4183	60	24	three	three	NUM
educationr-4183	60	25	possible	possible	ADJ
educationr-4183	60	26	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
educationr-4183	60	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	61	1	rather	rather	ADV
educationr-4183	61	2	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	61	3	offering	offer	VERB
educationr-4183	61	4	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	61	5	conclusive	conclusive	ADJ
educationr-4183	61	6	answer	answer	NOUN
educationr-4183	61	7	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	61	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	61	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	61	10	aims	aim	VERB
educationr-4183	61	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	61	12	encourage	encourage	VERB
educationr-4183	61	13	further	further	ADJ
educationr-4183	61	14	investigation	investigation	NOUN
educationr-4183	61	15	into	into	ADP
educationr-4183	61	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	61	17	factors	factor	NOUN
educationr-4183	61	18	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	61	19	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	61	20	explain	explain	VERB
educationr-4183	61	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	61	22	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	61	23	key	key	ADJ
educationr-4183	61	24	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	61	25	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	61	26	identified	identify	VERB
educationr-4183	61	27	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	62	1	iv	iv	X
educationr-4183	62	2	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	63	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	63	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	63	3	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	63	4	use	use	NOUN
educationr-4183	63	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	63	6	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	63	7	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4183	63	8	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4183	63	9	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	63	10	citations	citation	NOUN
educationr-4183	63	11	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	63	12	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	63	13	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	1	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	64	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	64	3	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	4	omits	omit	VERB
educationr-4183	64	5	references	reference	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	6	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	64	7	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	64	8	discussion	discussion	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	64	10	other	other	ADJ
educationr-4183	64	11	studies	study	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	12	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	64	13	could	could	AUX
educationr-4183	64	14	corroborate	corroborate	VERB
educationr-4183	64	15	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	64	16	complicate	complicate	VERB
educationr-4183	64	17	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	64	18	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	19	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	64	20	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	21	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	64	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	65	1	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	65	2	some	some	DET
educationr-4183	65	3	extent	extent	NOUN
educationr-4183	65	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	65	5	this	this	PRON
educationr-4183	65	6	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	65	7	understandable	understandable	ADJ
educationr-4183	65	8	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4183	65	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	65	10	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	65	11	seem	seem	VERB
educationr-4183	65	12	evident	evident	ADJ
educationr-4183	65	13	based	base	VERB
educationr-4183	65	14	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	65	15	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	65	16	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4183	65	17	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	65	18	level	level	NOUN
educationr-4183	65	19	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
educationr-4183	65	20	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	65	21	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	65	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	1	however	however	ADV
educationr-4183	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	3	citing	cite	VERB
educationr-4183	66	4	studies	study	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	5	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	66	6	explored	explore	VERB
educationr-4183	66	7	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	66	8	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	10	grades	grade	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	12	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	66	13	content	content	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	14	areas	area	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	15	as	as	ADV
educationr-4183	66	16	well	well	ADV
educationr-4183	66	17	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	66	18	studies	study	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	19	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	66	20	employed	employ	VERB
educationr-4183	66	21	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	66	22	units	unit	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	23	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	66	24	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	25	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	26	states	state	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	27	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	66	28	district	district	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	29	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	30	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	66	31	example	example	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	32	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	66	33	would	would	AUX
educationr-4183	66	34	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
educationr-4183	66	35	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	66	36	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	66	37	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	1	one	one	NUM
educationr-4183	67	2	prominent	prominent	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	3	source	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	67	5	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	6	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	67	7	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	8	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	67	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	10	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	11	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	67	12	referenced	reference	VERB
educationr-4183	67	13	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	67	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	15	standard	standard	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	16	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	17	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	18	archive	archive	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	19	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	20	seda	seda	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	21	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	23	which	which	PRON
educationr-4183	67	24	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	67	25	comparable	comparable	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	26	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	27	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	28	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	67	29	aggregating	aggregate	VERB
educationr-4183	67	30	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	31	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	67	32	thousands	thousand	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	33	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	67	34	school	school	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	35	districts	district	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	36	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	67	37	placing	place	VERB
educationr-4183	67	38	them	they	PRON
educationr-4183	67	39	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	67	40	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	67	41	common	common	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	42	scale.7	scale.7	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	43	studies	study	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	44	based	base	VERB
educationr-4183	67	45	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	67	46	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	47	seda	seda	PROPN
educationr-4183	67	48	data	data	PROPN
educationr-4183	67	49	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	50	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	51	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	67	52	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	53	annual	annual	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	54	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	55	recovery	recovery	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	56	scorecard	scorecard	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	57	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	58	ers	er	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	59	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	60	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	61	do	do	AUX
educationr-4183	67	62	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	67	63	contradict	contradict	VERB
educationr-4183	67	64	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	65	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	66	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	67	level	level	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	68	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	69	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	70	noted	note	VERB
educationr-4183	67	71	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	67	72	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	67	73	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	74	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	75	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	67	76	they	they	PRON
educationr-4183	67	77	do	do	AUX
educationr-4183	67	78	provide	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	67	79	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	67	80	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	67	81	detailed	detailed	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	82	view	view	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	83	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	67	84	variability	variability	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	85	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	67	86	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	87	district	district	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	88	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	67	89	state	state	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	90	level	level	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	91	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	92	they	they	PRON
educationr-4183	67	93	also	also	ADV
educationr-4183	67	94	point	point	VERB
educationr-4183	67	95	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	67	96	areas	area	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	97	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	67	98	modest	modest	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	99	gains	gain	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	100	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	67	101	recent	recent	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	102	years.8	years.8	PROPN
educationr-4183	67	103	another	another	DET
educationr-4183	67	104	notable	notable	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	105	omission	omission	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	106	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	67	107	any	any	DET
educationr-4183	67	108	discussion	discussion	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	109	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	67	110	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	111	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	67	112	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	113	well	well	ADV
educationr-4183	67	114	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	115	known	know	VERB
educationr-4183	67	116	act	act	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	117	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	67	118	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4183	67	119	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	120	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	67	121	which	which	PRON
educationr-4183	67	122	do	do	AUX
educationr-4183	67	123	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	67	124	fully	fully	ADV
educationr-4183	67	125	comport	comport	VERB
educationr-4183	67	126	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	67	127	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	128	overall	overall	ADJ
educationr-4183	67	129	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	130	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	67	131	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	67	132	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	67	133	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	68	1	act	act	PROPN
educationr-4183	68	2	data	data	PROPN
educationr-4183	68	3	has	have	AUX
educationr-4183	68	4	been	be	AUX
educationr-4183	68	5	generally	generally	ADV
educationr-4183	68	6	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	68	7	stable	stable	ADJ
educationr-4183	68	8	over	over	ADP
educationr-4183	68	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	68	10	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	11	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	68	12	time	time	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	13	period.9	period.9	PROPN
educationr-4183	68	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	68	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	68	16	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	68	17	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	18	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	68	19	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4183	68	20	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	21	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	68	22	complicated	complicate	VERB
educationr-4183	68	23	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	68	24	changes	change	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	25	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	68	26	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	68	27	test	test	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	28	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	68	29	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	68	30	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	31	prior	prior	ADV
educationr-4183	68	32	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	68	33	2017	2017	NUM
educationr-4183	68	34	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	68	35	also	also	ADV
educationr-4183	68	36	relatively	relatively	ADV
educationr-4183	68	37	stable	stable	ADJ
educationr-4183	68	38	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	68	39	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	68	40	modest	modest	ADJ
educationr-4183	68	41	peak	peak	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	42	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	68	43	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	68	44	early	early	ADJ
educationr-4183	68	45	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	68	46	mid-2000s.10	mid-2000s.10	VERB
educationr-4183	68	47	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	68	48	importantly	importantly	ADV
educationr-4183	68	49	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	68	50	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	68	51	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	52	lacks	lack	VERB
educationr-4183	68	53	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	68	54	serious	serious	ADJ
educationr-4183	68	55	discussion	discussion	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	56	supported	support	VERB
educationr-4183	68	57	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	68	58	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	68	59	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	60	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	68	61	address	address	VERB
educationr-4183	68	62	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	68	63	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	64	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	68	65	credible	credible	ADJ
educationr-4183	68	66	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	68	67	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	68	68	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	68	69	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	68	70	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	68	71	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	69	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	69	2	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	3	seems	seem	VERB
educationr-4183	69	4	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	69	5	adopt	adopt	VERB
educationr-4183	69	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	69	7	posture	posture	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	69	9	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	69	10	just	just	ADV
educationr-4183	69	11	asking	ask	VERB
educationr-4183	69	12	questions	question	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	69	14	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	69	15	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	69	16	an	an	DET
educationr-4183	69	17	attempt	attempt	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	18	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	69	19	stave	stave	VERB
educationr-4183	69	20	off	off	ADP
educationr-4183	69	21	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	22	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	69	23	creating	create	VERB
educationr-4183	69	24	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	69	25	credible	credible	ADJ
educationr-4183	69	26	explanation	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	27	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	69	28	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	69	29	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	69	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	70	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	70	2	this	this	PRON
educationr-4183	70	3	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	70	4	have	have	AUX
educationr-4183	70	5	been	be	AUX
educationr-4183	70	6	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	70	7	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
educationr-4183	70	8	choice	choice	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	9	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	70	10	keep	keep	VERB
educationr-4183	70	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	70	12	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	13	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	70	14	scope	scope	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	15	manageable	manageable	ADJ
educationr-4183	70	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	70	17	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	70	18	highlights	highlight	VERB
educationr-4183	70	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	70	20	need	need	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	21	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	70	22	define	define	VERB
educationr-4183	70	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	70	24	hallmarks	hallmark	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	25	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	70	26	good	good	ADJ
educationr-4183	70	27	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	28	rather	rather	ADV
educationr-4183	70	29	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	70	30	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	70	31	simply	simply	ADV
educationr-4183	70	32	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
educationr-4183	70	33	weak	weak	ADJ
educationr-4183	70	34	ones	one	NOUN
educationr-4183	70	35	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	71	1	that	that	ADV
educationr-4183	71	2	is	is	ADV
educationr-4183	71	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	71	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	71	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	71	6	could	could	AUX
educationr-4183	71	7	draw	draw	VERB
educationr-4183	71	8	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	71	9	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	71	10	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4183	71	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	71	12	outline	outline	VERB
educationr-4183	71	13	key	key	ADJ
educationr-4183	71	14	attributes	attribute	NOUN
educationr-4183	71	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	71	16	strong	strong	ADJ
educationr-4183	71	17	causal	causal	ADJ
educationr-4183	71	18	investigations	investigation	NOUN
educationr-4183	71	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	72	2	example	example	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	4	strong	strong	ADJ
educationr-4183	72	5	rehttp://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	rehttp://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	PROPN
educationr-4183	72	6	6	6	NUM
educationr-4183	72	7	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	72	8	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	72	9	search	search	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	10	should	should	AUX
educationr-4183	72	11	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	12	establish	establish	VERB
educationr-4183	72	13	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	72	14	changes	change	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	15	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	72	16	one	one	NUM
educationr-4183	72	17	variable	variable	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	18	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	72	19	related	relate	VERB
educationr-4183	72	20	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	72	21	changes	change	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	22	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	72	23	another	another	PRON
educationr-4183	72	24	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	25	covariation	covariation	PROPN
educationr-4183	72	26	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	27	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	28	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
educationr-4183	72	29	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	72	30	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	72	31	reported	report	VERB
educationr-4183	72	32	cause	cause	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	33	occurred	occur	VERB
educationr-4183	72	34	before	before	ADP
educationr-4183	72	35	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	72	36	effect	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	37	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	38	temporal	temporal	ADJ
educationr-4183	72	39	precedence	precedence	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	40	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	41	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	42	rule	rule	VERB
educationr-4183	72	43	out	out	ADP
educationr-4183	72	44	alternative	alternative	ADJ
educationr-4183	72	45	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	46	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	47	account	account	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	48	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	72	49	context	context	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	50	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	72	51	interaction	interaction	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	52	effects	effect	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	53	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	54	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	72	55	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	72	56	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
educationr-4183	72	57	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	72	58	role	role	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	59	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	72	60	experimental	experimental	ADJ
educationr-4183	72	61	design	design	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	62	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	72	63	replication	replication	NOUN
educationr-4183	72	64	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	73	1	11	11	NUM
educationr-4183	73	2	including	include	VERB
educationr-4183	73	3	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	73	4	foundational	foundational	ADJ
educationr-4183	73	5	elements	element	NOUN
educationr-4183	73	6	would	would	AUX
educationr-4183	73	7	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
educationr-4183	73	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	73	9	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	73	10	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	73	11	ability	ability	NOUN
educationr-4183	73	12	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	73	13	guide	guide	VERB
educationr-4183	73	14	further	further	ADJ
educationr-4183	73	15	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
educationr-4183	73	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	74	1	v.	v.	ADP
educationr-4183	74	2	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	74	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	74	5	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	6	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	74	7	methods	method	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	8	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4183	74	9	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	10	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	74	11	drawn	draw	VERB
educationr-4183	74	12	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	74	13	several	several	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	14	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	15	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	16	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	74	17	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	18	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	19	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	74	20	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	21	scales	scale	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	74	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	74	24	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	25	uses	use	VERB
educationr-4183	74	26	standard	standard	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	27	deviation	deviation	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	28	units	unit	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	29	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	74	30	measure	measure	VERB
educationr-4183	74	31	how	how	SCONJ
educationr-4183	74	32	much	much	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	33	each	each	DET
educationr-4183	74	34	year	year	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	35	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	74	36	average	average	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	37	score	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	38	differs	differ	VERB
educationr-4183	74	39	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	74	40	comparison	comparison	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	41	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	74	42	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	74	43	2013	2013	NUM
educationr-4183	74	44	high	high	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	45	point	point	NOUN
educationr-4183	74	46	average	average	ADJ
educationr-4183	74	47	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	1	displays	display	NOUN
educationr-4183	75	2	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	75	3	further	far	ADV
educationr-4183	75	4	detailed	detail	VERB
educationr-4183	75	5	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	75	6	percentile	percentile	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	7	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	8	10th	10th	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	10	25th	25th	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	12	50th	50th	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	14	75th	75th	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	16	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	75	17	90th	90th	NOUN
educationr-4183	75	18	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	75	19	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	75	20	show	show	VERB
educationr-4183	75	21	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	75	22	across	across	ADP
educationr-4183	75	23	higher	high	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	24	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	75	25	lower	low	ADJ
educationr-4183	75	26	levels	level	NOUN
educationr-4183	75	27	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	75	28	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	75	29	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	76	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	76	2	methodical	methodical	ADJ
educationr-4183	76	3	choices	choice	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	4	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	76	5	displaying	display	VERB
educationr-4183	76	6	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	7	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	8	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	76	9	generally	generally	ADV
educationr-4183	76	10	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
educationr-4183	76	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	76	12	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	76	13	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	14	omits	omit	VERB
educationr-4183	76	15	any	any	DET
educationr-4183	76	16	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	17	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	76	18	discussion	discussion	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	19	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	76	20	address	address	VERB
educationr-4183	76	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	76	22	extent	extent	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	23	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	76	24	which	which	PRON
educationr-4183	76	25	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	26	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	76	27	influenced	influence	VERB
educationr-4183	76	28	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	76	29	error	error	NOUN
educationr-4183	76	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	77	1	all	all	DET
educationr-4183	77	2	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	77	3	have	have	VERB
educationr-4183	77	4	some	some	DET
educationr-4183	77	5	degree	degree	NOUN
educationr-4183	77	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	77	7	error	error	NOUN
educationr-4183	77	8	related	relate	VERB
educationr-4183	77	9	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	77	10	measurement	measurement	NOUN
educationr-4183	77	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	77	12	sampling	sample	VERB
educationr-4183	77	13	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	78	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	78	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	78	3	reason	reason	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	78	5	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	78	6	results	result	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	7	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	78	8	typically	typically	ADV
educationr-4183	78	9	reported	report	VERB
educationr-4183	78	10	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	78	11	error	error	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	12	bands	band	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	13	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	78	14	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	78	15	flagged	flag	VERB
educationr-4183	78	16	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	78	17	note	note	VERB
educationr-4183	78	18	whether	whether	SCONJ
educationr-4183	78	19	values	value	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	20	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	78	21	statistically	statistically	ADV
educationr-4183	78	22	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	78	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	78	24	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	78	25	estimates	estimate	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	26	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	78	27	uncertainty	uncertainty	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	28	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	78	29	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	78	30	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
educationr-4183	78	31	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	78	32	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	78	33	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	78	34	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	79	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	79	2	example	example	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	79	4	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	79	5	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	79	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	79	8	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	9	website	website	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	10	reveals	reveal	VERB
educationr-4183	79	11	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	79	12	between	between	ADP
educationr-4183	79	13	2007	2007	NUM
educationr-4183	79	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	79	15	2017	2017	NUM
educationr-4183	79	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	79	17	there	there	PRON
educationr-4183	79	18	was	be	VERB
educationr-4183	79	19	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	79	20	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	79	21	statistically	statistically	ADV
educationr-4183	79	22	significant	significant	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	23	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	24	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	79	25	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	26	average	average	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	27	scale	scale	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	28	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	29	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	79	30	fourth	fourth	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	31	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	32	reading.12	reading.12	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	33	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	79	34	fact	fact	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	35	alone	alone	ADV
educationr-4183	79	36	neither	neither	CCONJ
educationr-4183	79	37	invalidates	invalidate	VERB
educationr-4183	79	38	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	79	39	methods	method	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	40	nor	nor	CCONJ
educationr-4183	79	41	obviates	obviate	VERB
educationr-4183	79	42	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	79	43	overall	overall	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	44	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	45	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	79	46	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	47	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	48	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	79	49	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	79	50	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	79	51	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	79	52	point	point	VERB
educationr-4183	79	53	out	out	ADP
educationr-4183	79	54	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	79	55	there	there	PRON
educationr-4183	79	56	are	be	VERB
educationr-4183	79	57	exceptions	exception	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	58	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	79	59	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	79	60	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	61	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	79	62	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	79	63	be	be	AUX
educationr-4183	79	64	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
educationr-4183	79	65	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	79	66	especially	especially	ADV
educationr-4183	79	67	given	give	VERB
educationr-4183	79	68	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	79	69	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	70	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	79	71	focus	focus	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	72	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	79	73	examining	examine	VERB
educationr-4183	79	74	all	all	DET
educationr-4183	79	75	performance	performance	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	76	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	77	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	79	78	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	79	79	deviation	deviation	NOUN
educationr-4183	79	80	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	79	81	2013	2013	NUM
educationr-4183	79	82	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	80	1	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	80	2	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	80	3	related	related	ADJ
educationr-4183	80	4	note	note	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	80	6	when	when	SCONJ
educationr-4183	80	7	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	80	8	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	9	switches	switch	VERB
educationr-4183	80	10	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	80	11	graphing	graph	VERB
educationr-4183	80	12	average	average	ADJ
educationr-4183	80	13	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	14	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	15	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	80	16	graphing	graph	VERB
educationr-4183	80	17	how	how	SCONJ
educationr-4183	80	18	those	those	DET
educationr-4183	80	19	scores	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	20	differ	differ	VERB
educationr-4183	80	21	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	80	22	those	those	PRON
educationr-4183	80	23	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	80	24	2013	2013	NUM
educationr-4183	80	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	80	26	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	80	27	vertical	vertical	ADJ
educationr-4183	80	28	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	80	29	y	y	PROPN
educationr-4183	80	30	axis	axis	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	31	shrinks	shrink	VERB
educationr-4183	80	32	considerably	considerably	ADV
educationr-4183	80	33	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	80	34	making	make	VERB
educationr-4183	80	35	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	80	36	look	look	VERB
educationr-4183	80	37	much	much	ADV
educationr-4183	80	38	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	80	39	pronounced	pronounced	ADJ
educationr-4183	80	40	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	81	1	this	this	PRON
educationr-4183	81	2	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	81	3	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4183	81	4	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	81	5	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	81	6	expressed	express	VERB
educationr-4183	81	7	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	81	8	standard	standard	ADJ
educationr-4183	81	9	deviation	deviation	NOUN
educationr-4183	81	10	units	unit	NOUN
educationr-4183	81	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	81	12	then	then	ADV
educationr-4183	81	13	reported	report	VERB
educationr-4183	81	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	81	15	graphed	graph	VERB
educationr-4183	81	16	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	81	17	percentages	percentage	NOUN
educationr-4183	81	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	82	1	while	while	SCONJ
educationr-4183	82	2	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	82	3	metric	metric	NOUN
educationr-4183	82	4	standardizes	standardize	VERB
educationr-4183	82	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	82	6	scale	scale	NOUN
educationr-4183	82	7	across	across	ADP
educationr-4183	82	8	assessments	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	82	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	82	10	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	82	11	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
educationr-4183	82	12	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	82	13	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	82	14	be	be	AUX
educationr-4183	82	15	intuitively	intuitively	ADV
educationr-4183	82	16	clear	clear	ADJ
educationr-4183	82	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	83	1	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	83	2	example	example	NOUN
educationr-4183	83	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	83	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	83	5	average	average	ADJ
educationr-4183	83	6	grade	grade	NOUN
educationr-4183	83	7	4	4	NUM
educationr-4183	83	8	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	83	9	math	math	NOUN
educationr-4183	83	10	score	score	NOUN
educationr-4183	83	11	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	83	12	2003	2003	NUM
educationr-4183	83	13	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	83	14	235	235	NUM
educationr-4183	83	15	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	83	16	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	83	17	peaks	peak	VERB
educationr-4183	83	18	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	83	19	2013	2013	NUM
educationr-4183	83	20	at	at	ADP
educationr-4183	83	21	242	242	NUM
educationr-4183	83	22	—	—	PUNCT
educationr-4183	83	23	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	83	24	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	83	25	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	83	26	seven	seven	NUM
educationr-4183	83	27	points	point	NOUN
educationr-4183	83	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	84	1	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	84	2	when	when	SCONJ
educationr-4183	84	3	that	that	DET
educationr-4183	84	4	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	5	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	84	6	expressed	express	VERB
educationr-4183	84	7	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	84	8	plotted	plot	VERB
educationr-4183	84	9	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	84	10	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	84	11	percentage	percentage	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	12	difference	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	13	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	84	14	standard	standard	ADJ
educationr-4183	84	15	deviation	deviation	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	16	units	unit	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	84	18	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	84	19	value	value	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	20	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	84	21	somewhere	somewhere	ADV
educationr-4183	84	22	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	84	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	84	24	range	range	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	25	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	84	26	-20	-20	NUM
educationr-4183	84	27	%	%	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	28	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	84	29	-30	-30	NUM
educationr-4183	84	30	%	%	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	31	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	84	32	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	84	33	precise	precise	ADJ
educationr-4183	84	34	value	value	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	35	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	84	36	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4183	84	37	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	84	38	obtain	obtain	VERB
educationr-4183	84	39	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4183	84	40	results	result	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	41	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	84	42	shown	show	VERB
educationr-4183	84	43	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	84	44	graph	graph	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	45	format	format	NOUN
educationr-4183	84	46	only	only	ADV
educationr-4183	84	47	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	84	48	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	85	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	85	2	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	3	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	85	4	seven	seven	NUM
educationr-4183	85	5	points	point	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	6	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	85	7	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	85	8	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ
educationr-4183	85	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	85	10	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	85	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	85	12	unit	unit	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	13	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	85	14	scale	scale	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	15	used	use	VERB
educationr-4183	85	16	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	85	17	report	report	VERB
educationr-4183	85	18	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	85	19	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	85	20	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	85	21	-20	-20	NUM
educationr-4183	85	22	%	%	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	23	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	85	24	-30	-30	NUM
educationr-4183	85	25	%	%	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	26	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	85	27	seems	seem	VERB
educationr-4183	85	28	much	much	ADV
educationr-4183	85	29	larger	large	ADJ
educationr-4183	85	30	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	85	31	may	may	AUX
educationr-4183	85	32	confound	confound	VERB
educationr-4183	85	33	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
educationr-4183	85	34	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	86	1	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	86	2	short	short	ADJ
educationr-4183	86	3	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	86	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	86	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
educationr-4183	86	6	offers	offer	VERB
educationr-4183	86	7	no	no	DET
educationr-4183	86	8	information	information	NOUN
educationr-4183	86	9	regarding	regard	VERB
educationr-4183	86	10	errors	error	NOUN
educationr-4183	86	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	86	12	also	also	ADV
educationr-4183	86	13	makes	make	VERB
educationr-4183	86	14	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	86	15	appear	appear	VERB
educationr-4183	86	16	unusually	unusually	ADV
educationr-4183	86	17	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
educationr-4183	86	18	—	—	PUNCT
educationr-4183	86	19	making	make	VERB
educationr-4183	86	20	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	86	21	difficult	difficult	ADJ
educationr-4183	86	22	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	86	23	reliably	reliably	ADV
educationr-4183	86	24	identify	identify	VERB
educationr-4183	86	25	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	86	26	that	that	DET
educationr-4183	86	27	matter	matter	NOUN
educationr-4183	86	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	87	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	87	2	7	7	NUM
educationr-4183	87	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	87	4	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	87	5	vi	vi	NOUN
educationr-4183	87	6	.	.	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	1	review	review	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	88	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	88	4	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	88	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	88	7	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	8	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	88	9	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	88	11	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	12	’s	’s	PART
educationr-4183	88	13	claims	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	14	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	88	15	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
educationr-4183	88	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	17	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	88	18	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	88	19	credible	credible	ADJ
educationr-4183	88	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	88	21	if	if	SCONJ
educationr-4183	88	22	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
educationr-4183	88	23	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	88	24	potentially	potentially	ADV
educationr-4183	88	25	overstated	overstate	VERB
educationr-4183	88	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	89	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	89	2	credibility	credibility	NOUN
educationr-4183	89	3	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	89	4	bolstered	bolster	VERB
educationr-4183	89	5	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	89	6	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	89	7	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
educationr-4183	89	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	89	9	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	89	10	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	89	11	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	89	12	different	different	ADJ
educationr-4183	89	13	well	well	ADV
educationr-4183	89	14	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	89	15	established	establish	VERB
educationr-4183	89	16	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	89	17	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	89	18	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	89	19	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	89	20	programs	program	NOUN
educationr-4183	89	21	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	90	1	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	90	2	data	data	NOUN
educationr-4183	90	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	90	4	methods	method	NOUN
educationr-4183	90	5	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	90	6	defensible	defensible	ADJ
educationr-4183	90	7	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	90	8	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	90	9	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	90	10	with	with	ADP
educationr-4183	90	11	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
educationr-4183	90	12	detail	detail	NOUN
educationr-4183	90	13	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	90	14	make	make	VERB
educationr-4183	90	15	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	90	16	convincing	convincing	ADJ
educationr-4183	90	17	case	case	NOUN
educationr-4183	90	18	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	90	19	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	90	20	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	90	21	proposed	propose	VERB
educationr-4183	90	22	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	90	23	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	91	1	however	however	ADV
educationr-4183	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	91	3	there	there	PRON
educationr-4183	91	4	are	be	VERB
educationr-4183	91	5	some	some	DET
educationr-4183	91	6	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
educationr-4183	91	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
educationr-4183	91	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	91	9	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	91	10	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4183	91	11	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	91	12	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	91	13	findings	finding	NOUN
educationr-4183	91	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	92	1	first	first	ADV
educationr-4183	92	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	92	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	92	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	5	omits	omit	VERB
educationr-4183	92	6	some	some	DET
educationr-4183	92	7	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	92	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	10	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	92	11	could	could	AUX
educationr-4183	92	12	complicate	complicate	VERB
educationr-4183	92	13	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	92	14	narrative	narrative	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	92	16	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4183	92	17	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	92	18	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	19	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	92	20	sat	sit	VERB
educationr-4183	92	21	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	92	22	act	act	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	23	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	92	24	or	or	CCONJ
educationr-4183	92	25	analyses	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	26	based	base	VERB
educationr-4183	92	27	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	92	28	state	state	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	29	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	92	30	district	district	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	31	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	32	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	92	33	such	such	ADJ
educationr-4183	92	34	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	92	35	those	those	PRON
educationr-4183	92	36	compiled	compile	VERB
educationr-4183	92	37	by	by	ADP
educationr-4183	92	38	seda	seda	NOUN
educationr-4183	92	39	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	93	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
educationr-4183	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	93	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	93	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	5	neither	neither	PRON
educationr-4183	93	6	addresses	address	VERB
educationr-4183	93	7	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	93	9	error	error	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	10	nor	nor	CCONJ
educationr-4183	93	11	provides	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	93	12	any	any	DET
educationr-4183	93	13	guidance	guidance	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	14	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	93	15	help	help	VERB
educationr-4183	93	16	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	93	17	reader	reader	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	18	identify	identify	VERB
educationr-4183	93	19	differences	difference	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	20	that	that	PRON
educationr-4183	93	21	matter	matter	NOUN
educationr-4183	93	22	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	94	1	regarding	regard	VERB
educationr-4183	94	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	94	3	three	three	NUM
educationr-4183	94	4	“	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	94	5	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	94	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	94	7	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	94	8	”	"	PUNCT
educationr-4183	94	9	included	include	VERB
educationr-4183	94	10	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	94	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	94	12	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	94	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	94	14	no	no	DET
educationr-4183	94	15	claim	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	94	16	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	94	17	their	their	PRON
educationr-4183	94	18	validity	validity	NOUN
educationr-4183	94	19	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	94	20	necessary	necessary	ADJ
educationr-4183	94	21	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	94	22	as	as	SCONJ
educationr-4183	94	23	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	94	24	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	94	25	itself	itself	PRON
educationr-4183	94	26	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
educationr-4183	94	27	that	that	SCONJ
educationr-4183	94	28	each	each	PRON
educationr-4183	94	29	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	94	30	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
educationr-4183	94	31	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	95	1	these	these	DET
educationr-4183	95	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	95	3	are	be	AUX
educationr-4183	95	4	presented	present	VERB
educationr-4183	95	5	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	95	6	an	an	DET
educationr-4183	95	7	exercise	exercise	NOUN
educationr-4183	95	8	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	95	9	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
educationr-4183	95	10	plausible	plausible	ADJ
educationr-4183	95	11	explanations	explanation	NOUN
educationr-4183	95	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	95	13	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	95	14	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	95	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	95	16	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	95	17	incomplete	incomplete	ADJ
educationr-4183	95	18	because	because	SCONJ
educationr-4183	95	19	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	95	20	does	do	AUX
educationr-4183	95	21	not	not	PART
educationr-4183	95	22	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
educationr-4183	95	23	established	establish	VERB
educationr-4183	95	24	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	95	25	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	95	26	making	make	VERB
educationr-4183	95	27	sound	sound	ADJ
educationr-4183	95	28	causal	causal	ADJ
educationr-4183	95	29	inferences	inference	NOUN
educationr-4183	95	30	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	96	1	drawing	draw	VERB
educationr-4183	96	2	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	96	3	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	96	4	literature	literature	NOUN
educationr-4183	96	5	could	could	AUX
educationr-4183	96	6	have	have	AUX
educationr-4183	96	7	improved	improve	VERB
educationr-4183	96	8	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	96	9	rigor	rigor	NOUN
educationr-4183	96	10	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	96	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	96	12	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
educationr-4183	96	13	exploration	exploration	NOUN
educationr-4183	96	14	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	96	15	provided	provide	VERB
educationr-4183	96	16	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	96	17	stronger	strong	ADJ
educationr-4183	96	18	foundation	foundation	NOUN
educationr-4183	96	19	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	96	20	understanding	understand	VERB
educationr-4183	96	21	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	96	22	observed	observed	ADJ
educationr-4183	96	23	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	96	24	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	97	1	vii	vii	PROPN
educationr-4183	97	2	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	97	3	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	4	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	97	5	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	97	6	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	7	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	97	8	guidance	guidance	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	9	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	97	10	policy	policy	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	11	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	97	12	practice	practice	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	13	for	for	SCONJ
educationr-4183	97	14	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	15	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	97	16	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	17	seeking	seek	VERB
educationr-4183	97	18	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	97	19	explore	explore	VERB
educationr-4183	97	20	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	97	21	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	97	22	international	international	ADJ
educationr-4183	97	23	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	24	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	97	26	this	this	DET
educationr-4183	97	27	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	28	serves	serve	VERB
educationr-4183	97	29	as	as	ADP
educationr-4183	97	30	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	97	31	starting	starting	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	32	point	point	NOUN
educationr-4183	97	33	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	98	1	it	it	PRON
educationr-4183	98	2	draws	draw	VERB
educationr-4183	98	3	on	on	ADP
educationr-4183	98	4	multiple	multiple	ADJ
educationr-4183	98	5	decades	decade	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	6	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	98	7	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	8	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	98	9	various	various	ADJ
educationr-4183	98	10	sources	source	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	98	12	present	present	VERB
educationr-4183	98	13	an	an	DET
educationr-4183	98	14	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ
educationr-4183	98	15	but	but	CCONJ
educationr-4183	98	16	generally	generally	ADV
educationr-4183	98	17	persuasive	persuasive	ADJ
educationr-4183	98	18	case	case	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	19	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	98	20	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	98	21	overarching	overarching	ADJ
educationr-4183	98	22	patterns	pattern	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	23	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	98	24	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	25	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	98	26	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	99	1	however	however	ADV
educationr-4183	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	99	3	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	99	4	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	99	5	falls	fall	VERB
educationr-4183	99	6	far	far	ADV
educationr-4183	99	7	short	short	ADV
educationr-4183	99	8	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	99	9	its	its	PRON
educationr-4183	99	10	claim	claim	NOUN
educationr-4183	99	11	to	to	PART
educationr-4183	99	12	be	be	AUX
educationr-4183	99	13	testing	test	VERB
educationr-4183	99	14	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	99	15	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	99	16	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	99	17	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	100	1	without	without	ADP
educationr-4183	100	2	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	100	3	more	more	ADV
educationr-4183	100	4	robust	robust	ADJ
educationr-4183	100	5	approach	approach	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	6	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	100	7	causal	causal	ADJ
educationr-4183	100	8	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	9	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	100	10	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	100	11	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	12	remains	remain	VERB
educationr-4183	100	13	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	100	14	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
educationr-4183	100	15	exercise	exercise	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	16	rather	rather	ADV
educationr-4183	100	17	than	than	ADP
educationr-4183	100	18	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	100	19	substantive	substantive	ADJ
educationr-4183	100	20	exploration	exploration	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	21	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	100	22	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	100	23	factors	factor	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	24	driving	drive	VERB
educationr-4183	100	25	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	26	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	27	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	100	28	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	101	1	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	101	2	8	8	NUM
educationr-4183	101	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	101	4	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	101	5	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	http://nepc.colorado.edu/review/achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	101	6	notes	note	NOUN
educationr-4183	101	7	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	101	8	references	reference	NOUN
educationr-4183	101	9	1	1	NUM
educationr-4183	101	10	malkus	malku	NOUN
educationr-4183	101	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	101	12	n.	n.	NOUN
educationr-4183	101	13	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	101	14	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	101	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	101	16	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	101	17	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	101	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	102	1	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	102	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	102	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	102	4	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	102	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	102	6	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	102	7	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	102	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	102	9	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	102	10	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	102	11	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	102	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	102	13	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	102	14	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	103	1	washington	washington	PROPN
educationr-4183	103	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	103	3	dc	dc	PROPN
educationr-4183	103	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	103	5	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4183	103	6	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	103	7	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	103	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	104	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	104	3	22	22	NUM
educationr-4183	104	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	104	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	104	8	https://www.aei	https://www.aei	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	10	org	org	ADJ
educationr-4183	104	11	/	/	SYM
educationr-4183	104	12	research	research	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	13	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	14	products	product	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	15	/	/	SYM
educationr-4183	104	16	report	report	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	17	/	/	SYM
educationr-4183	104	18	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	19	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	20	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	21	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	22	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	104	23	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	24	why	why	ADV
educationr-4183	104	25	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	26	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	104	27	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	28	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	29	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	30	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	104	31	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	32	interpreting	interpreting	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	33	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	34	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	104	35	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	36	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	104	37	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	104	38	achievementtrends/	achievementtrends/	NUM
educationr-4183	104	39	2	2	NUM
educationr-4183	104	40	u.s	u.s	PROPN
educationr-4183	104	41	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	104	42	department	department	PROPN
educationr-4183	104	43	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	104	44	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	104	45	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	105	1	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	105	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	105	3	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	105	4	sciences	sciences	PROPN
educationr-4183	105	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	105	6	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	105	7	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	105	8	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	105	9	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	105	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
educationr-4183	105	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	105	12	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	105	13	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	105	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	105	15	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	105	16	progress	progress	NOUN
educationr-4183	105	17	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	105	18	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	105	19	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	105	20	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	106	1	about	about	ADP
educationr-4183	106	2	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	106	3	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	106	4	long	long	ADJ
educationr-4183	106	5	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	106	6	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4183	106	7	trend	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	106	8	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	106	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	107	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	107	3	22	22	NUM
educationr-4183	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	107	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	107	8	https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ltt/about/reporting/?age=9	https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ltt/about/reporting/?age=9	PROPN
educationr-4183	107	9	note	note	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	10	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	11	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	107	12	main	main	ADJ
educationr-4183	107	13	naep	naep	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	14	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	107	15	administered	administer	VERB
educationr-4183	107	16	every	every	DET
educationr-4183	107	17	two	two	NUM
educationr-4183	107	18	years	year	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	19	in	in	ADP
educationr-4183	107	20	grades	grade	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	21	4	4	NUM
educationr-4183	107	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	23	8	8	NUM
educationr-4183	107	24	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	25	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	107	26	12	12	NUM
educationr-4183	107	27	;	;	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	28	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	107	29	long	long	ADJ
educationr-4183	107	30	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	31	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	32	trend	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	33	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	34	ltt	ltt	PROPN
educationr-4183	107	35	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	36	is	be	AUX
educationr-4183	107	37	administered	administer	VERB
educationr-4183	107	38	approximately	approximately	ADV
educationr-4183	107	39	every	every	DET
educationr-4183	107	40	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	107	41	years	year	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	42	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	107	43	9	9	NUM
educationr-4183	107	44	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	45	13	13	NUM
educationr-4183	107	46	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	107	47	and	and	CCONJ
educationr-4183	107	48	17	17	NUM
educationr-4183	107	49	year	year	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	50	olds	old	NOUN
educationr-4183	107	51	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	108	1	3	3	NUM
educationr-4183	108	2	u.s	u.s	PROPN
educationr-4183	108	3	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	108	4	department	department	PROPN
educationr-4183	108	5	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	108	6	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	108	7	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	109	1	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	109	2	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	109	3	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	109	4	sciences	sciences	PROPN
educationr-4183	109	5	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	109	6	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	109	7	center	center	NOUN
educationr-4183	109	8	for	for	ADP
educationr-4183	109	9	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	109	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
educationr-4183	109	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	109	12	national	national	ADJ
educationr-4183	109	13	assessment	assessment	NOUN
educationr-4183	109	14	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	109	15	educational	educational	ADJ
educationr-4183	109	16	progress	progress	NOUN
educationr-4183	109	17	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	109	18	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	109	19	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	109	20	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	110	1	10	10	NUM
educationr-4183	110	2	takeaways	takeaway	NOUN
educationr-4183	110	3	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	110	4	the	the	DET
educationr-4183	110	5	newly	newly	ADV
educationr-4183	110	6	released	release	VERB
educationr-4183	110	7	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4183	110	8	naep	naep	ADJ
educationr-4183	110	9	results	result	NOUN
educationr-4183	110	10	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	111	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	111	3	22	22	NUM
educationr-4183	111	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	111	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	111	8	https://www.nagb.gov/powered-by-naep/the-2024-nations-reportcard/10-takeaways-from-2024-naep-results.html	https://www.nagb.gov/powered-by-naep/the-2024-nations-reportcard/10-takeaways-from-2024-naep-results.html	NOUN
educationr-4183	111	9	4	4	NUM
educationr-4183	111	10	malkus	malku	NOUN
educationr-4183	111	11	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	12	n.	n.	NOUN
educationr-4183	111	13	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	14	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	111	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	16	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	111	17	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	111	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	112	1	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	112	4	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	112	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	112	6	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	112	7	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	112	9	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	112	10	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	112	11	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	13	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	112	15	p.	p.	NOUN
educationr-4183	112	16	10	10	NUM
educationr-4183	112	17	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	112	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	113	1	washington	washington	PROPN
educationr-4183	113	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	113	3	dc	dc	PROPN
educationr-4183	113	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	113	5	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4183	113	6	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	113	7	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	113	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	114	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	114	3	22	22	NUM
educationr-4183	114	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	114	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	114	8	https://	https://	PROPN
educationr-4183	114	9	www.aei.org/research-products/report/testing-theories-of-why-four-keys-to-interpreting-us-student-achievement-trends/	www.aei.org/research-products/report/testing-theories-of-why-four-keys-to-interpreting-us-student-achievement-trends/	PROPN
educationr-4183	114	10	5	5	NUM
educationr-4183	114	11	malkus	malku	NOUN
educationr-4183	114	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	13	n.	n.	PROPN
educationr-4183	114	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	15	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	114	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	17	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	114	18	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	114	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	115	1	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	115	4	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	115	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	115	6	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	115	7	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	115	9	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	115	10	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	115	11	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	13	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	115	15	p.	p.	NOUN
educationr-4183	115	16	14	14	NUM
educationr-4183	115	17	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	115	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	116	1	washington	washington	PROPN
educationr-4183	116	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	116	3	dc	dc	PROPN
educationr-4183	116	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	116	5	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4183	116	6	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	116	7	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	116	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	117	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	117	3	22	22	NUM
educationr-4183	117	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	117	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	117	8	https://	https://	PROPN
educationr-4183	117	9	www.aei.org/research-products/report/testing-theories-of-why-four-keys-to-interpreting-us-student-achievement-trends/	www.aei.org/research-products/report/testing-theories-of-why-four-keys-to-interpreting-us-student-achievement-trends/	PROPN
educationr-4183	117	10	6	6	NUM
educationr-4183	117	11	malkus	malku	NOUN
educationr-4183	117	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	13	n.	n.	NOUN
educationr-4183	117	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	15	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	117	16	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	17	january	january	PROPN
educationr-4183	117	18	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	117	19	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	118	1	testing	testing	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	2	theories	theory	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	3	of	of	ADP
educationr-4183	118	4	why	why	SCONJ
educationr-4183	118	5	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	118	6	four	four	NUM
educationr-4183	118	7	keys	key	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	8	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	118	9	interpreting	interpret	VERB
educationr-4183	118	10	us	we	PRON
educationr-4183	118	11	student	student	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	13	trends	trend	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	14	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	118	15	p.	p.	NOUN
educationr-4183	118	16	14	14	NUM
educationr-4183	118	17	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	118	18	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	119	1	washington	washington	PROPN
educationr-4183	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	119	3	dc	dc	PROPN
educationr-4183	119	4	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	119	5	american	american	PROPN
educationr-4183	119	6	enterprise	enterprise	PROPN
educationr-4183	119	7	institute	institute	PROPN
educationr-4183	119	8	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	120	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	3	22	22	NUM
educationr-4183	120	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	120	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	120	8	https://	https://	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	9	www.aei.org/research-products/report/testing-theories-of-why-four-keys-to-interpreting-us-student-achievement-trends/	www.aei.org/research-products/report/testing-theories-of-why-four-keys-to-interpreting-us-student-achievement-trends/	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	10	7	7	NUM
educationr-4183	120	11	reardon	reardon	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	12	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	13	s.f	s.f	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	14	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	16	fahle	fahle	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	18	e.m	e.m	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	19	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	20	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	21	ho	ho	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	23	a.d	a.d	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	24	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	26	shear	shear	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	27	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	28	b.r	b.r	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	29	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	30	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	31	saliba	saliba	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	32	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	33	j.	j.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	34	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	35	min	min	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	36	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	37	j.	j.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	38	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	39	shim	shim	NOUN
educationr-4183	120	40	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	41	j.	j.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	42	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	43	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4183	120	44	kalogrides	kalogride	NOUN
educationr-4183	120	45	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	46	d.	d.	PROPN
educationr-4183	120	47	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	48	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	120	49	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	120	50	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	121	1	stanford	stanford	PROPN
educationr-4183	121	2	education	education	PROPN
educationr-4183	121	3	data	datum	NOUN
educationr-4183	121	4	archive	archive	NOUN
educationr-4183	121	5	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	121	6	version	version	NOUN
educationr-4183	121	7	seda	seda	NOUN
educationr-4183	121	8	2024	2024	NUM
educationr-4183	121	9	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	121	10	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	122	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
educationr-4183	122	2	february	february	PROPN
educationr-4183	122	3	23	23	NUM
educationr-4183	122	4	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	122	5	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	122	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	122	7	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	122	8	https://purl.stanford	https://purl.stanford	PROPN
educationr-4183	122	9	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	1	edu	edu	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	2	/	/	SYM
educationr-4183	123	3	pt329xg7054	pt329xg7054	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	4	8	8	NUM
educationr-4183	123	5	fahle	fahle	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	6	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	7	e.	e.	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	8	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	9	kane	kane	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	10	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	11	t.j	t.j	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	12	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	13	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	14	patterson	patterson	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	15	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	16	t.	t.	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	17	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	18	reardon	reardon	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	19	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	20	s.f	s.f	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	21	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	22	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	23	&	&	CCONJ
educationr-4183	123	24	staiger	staiger	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	25	,	,	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	26	d.o	d.o	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	27	.	.	PROPN
educationr-4183	123	28	(	(	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	29	2025	2025	NUM
educationr-4183	123	30	)	)	PUNCT
educationr-4183	123	31	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	124	1	pivoting	pivot	VERB
educationr-4183	124	2	from	from	ADP
educationr-4183	124	3	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
educationr-4183	124	4	recovery	recovery	NOUN
educationr-4183	124	5	to	to	ADP
educationr-4183	124	6	long	long	ADJ
educationr-4183	124	7	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	124	8	term	term	NOUN
educationr-4183	124	9	reform	reform	NOUN
educationr-4183	124	10	:	:	PUNCT
educationr-4183	124	11	a	a	DET
educationr-4183	124	12	district	district	NOUN
educationr-4183	124	13	-	-	PUNCT
educationr-4183	124	14	level	level	NOUN
educationr-4183	124	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
educationr-4183	124	16	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	125	1	education	education	NOUN
educationr-4183	125	2	recovery	recovery	NOUN
educationr-4183	125	3	scorecard	scorecard	NOUN
educationr-4183	125	4	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	126	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
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educationr-4183	137	4	.	.	PUNCT
educationr-4183	138	1	naep	naep	ADJ
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educationr-4183	138	4	national	national	ADJ
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educationr-4183	140	4	,	,	PUNCT
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