id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
er-2791	1	1	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
er-2791	1	2	word	word	NOUN
er-2791	1	3	2	2	NUM
er-2791	1	4	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	1	5	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	1	6	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	1	7	dec	dec	PROPN
er-2791	1	8	2016.docx	2016.docx	NUM
er-2791	1	9	vol	vol	NOUN
er-2791	1	10	.	.	PROPN
er-2791	1	11	5	5	NUM
er-2791	1	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	1	13	no	no	INTJ
er-2791	1	14	.	.	NOUN
er-2791	1	15	1	1	NUM
er-2791	1	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	1	17	dec	dec	PROPN
er-2791	1	18	2016	2016	NUM
er-2791	1	19	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	1	20	pp	pp	ADJ
er-2791	1	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	2	1	13	13	NUM
er-2791	2	2	-	-	SYM
er-2791	2	3	25	25	NUM
er-2791	2	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	2	5	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	2	6	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	2	7	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	2	8	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	2	9	for	for	ADP
er-2791	2	10	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	2	11	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	2	13	innovative	innovative	ADJ
er-2791	2	14	pathway	pathway	NOUN
er-2791	2	15	leads	lead	VERB
er-2791	2	16	to	to	ADP
er-2791	2	17	positive	positive	ADJ
er-2791	2	18	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
er-2791	2	19	for	for	ADP
er-2791	2	20	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	2	21	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	2	22	charlene	charlene	PROPN
er-2791	2	23	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	2	24	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	2	25	ann	ann	PROPN
er-2791	2	26	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	2	27	university	university	PROPN
er-2791	2	28	of	of	ADP
er-2791	2	29	central	central	PROPN
er-2791	2	30	missouri	missouri	PROPN
er-2791	2	31	abstract	abstract	PROPN
er-2791	2	32	the	the	DET
er-2791	2	33	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	2	34	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	2	35	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	2	36	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	2	37	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	2	38	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	2	39	creates	create	VERB
er-2791	2	40	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
er-2791	2	41	for	for	ADP
er-2791	2	42	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	2	43	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	2	44	service	service	ADJ
er-2791	2	45	educators	educator	NOUN
er-2791	2	46	by	by	ADP
er-2791	2	47	increasing	increase	VERB
er-2791	2	48	the	the	DET
er-2791	2	49	number	number	NOUN
er-2791	2	50	of	of	ADP
er-2791	2	51	semesters	semester	NOUN
er-2791	2	52	to	to	ADP
er-2791	2	53	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	2	54	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	3	1	extended	extend	VERB
er-2791	3	2	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	3	3	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	3	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	3	5	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	3	6	financial	financial	ADJ
er-2791	3	7	burdens	burden	NOUN
er-2791	3	8	for	for	ADP
er-2791	3	9	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	3	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	3	11	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	3	12	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	3	13	along	along	ADP
er-2791	3	14	with	with	ADP
er-2791	3	15	increased	increase	VERB
er-2791	3	16	risk	risk	NOUN
er-2791	3	17	of	of	ADP
er-2791	3	18	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	3	19	drop	drop	VERB
er-2791	3	20	out	out	ADP
er-2791	3	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	4	1	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	4	2	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	4	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	4	4	with	with	ADP
er-2791	4	5	little	little	ADJ
er-2791	4	6	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	4	7	no	no	PRON
er-2791	4	8	room	room	NOUN
er-2791	4	9	for	for	ADP
er-2791	4	10	electives	elective	NOUN
er-2791	4	11	in	in	ADP
er-2791	4	12	their	their	PRON
er-2791	4	13	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	4	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	4	15	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	4	17	have	have	AUX
er-2791	4	18	been	be	AUX
er-2791	4	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
er-2791	4	20	impacted	impact	VERB
er-2791	4	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	5	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	5	2	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	5	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	5	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	5	5	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	5	6	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	5	7	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	5	8	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	5	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	5	10	involving	involve	VERB
er-2791	5	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	5	12	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
er-2791	5	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	5	14	two	two	NUM
er-2791	5	15	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	5	16	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	5	18	has	have	AUX
er-2791	5	19	proven	prove	VERB
er-2791	5	20	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	5	21	in	in	ADP
er-2791	5	22	enhancing	enhance	VERB
er-2791	5	23	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	5	24	’	'	PUNCT
er-2791	5	25	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	5	26	achievement	achievement	NOUN
er-2791	5	27	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	5	28	addressing	address	VERB
er-2791	5	29	social	social	ADJ
er-2791	5	30	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	5	31	emotional	emotional	ADJ
er-2791	5	32	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	5	33	of	of	ADP
er-2791	5	34	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	5	35	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	6	1	14	14	NUM
er-2791	6	2	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	6	3	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	6	4	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	6	5	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	6	6	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	6	7	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	6	8	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	6	9	introduction	introduction	NOUN
er-2791	6	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	6	11	popular	popular	ADJ
er-2791	6	12	saying	saying	NOUN
er-2791	6	13	often	often	ADV
er-2791	6	14	attributed	attribute	VERB
er-2791	6	15	to	to	ADP
er-2791	6	16	albert	albert	PROPN
er-2791	6	17	einstein	einstein	PROPN
er-2791	6	18	speaks	speak	VERB
er-2791	6	19	of	of	ADP
er-2791	6	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	6	21	futility	futility	NOUN
er-2791	6	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	6	23	expecting	expect	VERB
er-2791	6	24	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	6	25	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
er-2791	6	26	without	without	ADP
er-2791	6	27	changing	change	VERB
er-2791	6	28	the	the	DET
er-2791	6	29	process	process	NOUN
er-2791	6	30	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	6	31	procedure	procedure	NOUN
er-2791	6	32	being	be	AUX
er-2791	6	33	followed	follow	VERB
er-2791	6	34	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	7	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	7	2	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	7	3	words	word	NOUN
er-2791	7	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	7	5	if	if	SCONJ
er-2791	7	6	we	we	PRON
er-2791	7	7	are	be	AUX
er-2791	7	8	dissatisfied	dissatisfied	ADJ
er-2791	7	9	with	with	ADP
er-2791	7	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	7	11	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	7	12	we	we	PRON
er-2791	7	13	are	be	AUX
er-2791	7	14	experiencing	experience	VERB
er-2791	7	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	7	16	we	we	PRON
er-2791	7	17	must	must	AUX
er-2791	7	18	be	be	AUX
er-2791	7	19	willing	willing	ADJ
er-2791	7	20	to	to	PART
er-2791	7	21	make	make	VERB
er-2791	7	22	changes	change	NOUN
er-2791	7	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	8	1	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	8	2	dissatisfaction	dissatisfaction	NOUN
er-2791	8	3	with	with	ADP
er-2791	8	4	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	8	5	performance	performance	NOUN
er-2791	8	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	8	7	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	8	8	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	8	9	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	8	10	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	8	11	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
er-2791	8	12	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	8	13	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	8	14	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	8	15	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	8	16	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	8	17	led	lead	VERB
er-2791	8	18	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	8	19	at	at	ADP
er-2791	8	20	a	a	DET
er-2791	8	21	public	public	ADJ
er-2791	8	22	mid	mid	ADJ
er-2791	8	23	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	8	24	western	western	ADJ
er-2791	8	25	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	8	26	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	8	27	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	8	28	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	8	29	to	to	PART
er-2791	8	30	examine	examine	VERB
er-2791	8	31	the	the	DET
er-2791	8	32	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	8	33	’s	’s	PART
er-2791	8	34	approach	approach	NOUN
er-2791	8	35	to	to	ADP
er-2791	8	36	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	8	37	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	8	38	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	9	1	historically	historically	ADV
er-2791	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	9	3	mwu	mwu	PROPN
er-2791	9	4	had	have	AUX
er-2791	9	5	taken	take	VERB
er-2791	9	6	a	a	DET
er-2791	9	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	9	8	approach	approach	NOUN
er-2791	9	9	to	to	ADP
er-2791	9	10	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	9	11	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	9	12	in	in	ADP
er-2791	9	13	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	9	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	10	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	10	2	who	who	PRON
er-2791	10	3	failed	fail	VERB
er-2791	10	4	to	to	PART
er-2791	10	5	meet	meet	VERB
er-2791	10	6	an	an	DET
er-2791	10	7	established	establish	VERB
er-2791	10	8	cut	cut	NOUN
er-2791	10	9	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	10	10	off	off	ADP
er-2791	10	11	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	10	12	on	on	ADP
er-2791	10	13	a	a	DET
er-2791	10	14	standardized	standardized	ADJ
er-2791	10	15	test	test	NOUN
er-2791	10	16	were	be	AUX
er-2791	10	17	required	require	VERB
er-2791	10	18	to	to	PART
er-2791	10	19	successfully	successfully	ADV
er-2791	10	20	complete	complete	VERB
er-2791	10	21	a	a	DET
er-2791	10	22	series	series	NOUN
er-2791	10	23	of	of	ADP
er-2791	10	24	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	10	25	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	10	26	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	10	27	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	10	28	prior	prior	ADV
er-2791	10	29	to	to	ADP
er-2791	10	30	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	10	31	in	in	ADP
er-2791	10	32	a	a	DET
er-2791	10	33	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	10	34	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	10	35	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	10	36	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	10	37	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	10	38	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	11	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	11	2	lack	lack	NOUN
er-2791	11	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	11	4	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	11	5	in	in	ADP
er-2791	11	6	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	11	7	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	11	8	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	11	9	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	11	10	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	11	11	in	in	ADP
er-2791	11	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	11	13	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
er-2791	11	14	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	11	15	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	11	16	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	11	17	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	11	18	meant	mean	VERB
er-2791	11	19	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	11	20	semesters	semester	NOUN
er-2791	11	21	at	at	ADP
er-2791	11	22	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	11	23	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	11	24	increased	increase	VERB
er-2791	11	25	financial	financial	ADJ
er-2791	11	26	burdens	burden	NOUN
er-2791	11	27	for	for	ADP
er-2791	11	28	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	11	29	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	11	30	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	12	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	12	2	number	number	NOUN
er-2791	12	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	12	4	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	12	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	12	6	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	12	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	12	8	especially	especially	ADV
er-2791	12	9	those	those	PRON
er-2791	12	10	pursuing	pursue	VERB
er-2791	12	11	degrees	degree	NOUN
er-2791	12	12	in	in	ADP
er-2791	12	13	elementary	elementary	ADJ
er-2791	12	14	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	12	15	special	special	ADJ
er-2791	12	16	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	12	17	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	12	18	scored	score	VERB
er-2791	12	19	below	below	ADP
er-2791	12	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	12	21	established	establish	VERB
er-2791	12	22	cut	cut	NOUN
er-2791	12	23	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	12	24	off	off	ADP
er-2791	12	25	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	12	26	required	require	VERB
er-2791	12	27	for	for	ADP
er-2791	12	28	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	12	29	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	12	30	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	12	31	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	12	32	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	12	33	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	12	34	were	be	AUX
er-2791	12	35	required	require	VERB
er-2791	12	36	to	to	PART
er-2791	12	37	enroll	enroll	VERB
er-2791	12	38	in	in	ADP
er-2791	12	39	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	12	40	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	12	41	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	12	42	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	13	1	because	because	SCONJ
er-2791	13	2	these	these	DET
er-2791	13	3	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	13	4	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	13	5	have	have	VERB
er-2791	13	6	few	few	ADJ
er-2791	13	7	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	13	8	no	no	PRON
er-2791	13	9	electives	elective	NOUN
er-2791	13	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	13	11	their	their	PRON
er-2791	13	12	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	13	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	13	14	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	13	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	13	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	13	17	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	13	18	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	13	19	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	13	20	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	13	21	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	13	22	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	13	23	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	13	24	impacted	impact	VERB
er-2791	13	25	their	their	PRON
er-2791	13	26	progress	progress	NOUN
er-2791	13	27	towards	towards	ADP
er-2791	13	28	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	13	29	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	13	30	teacher	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	13	31	certification	certification	NOUN
er-2791	13	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	14	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
er-2791	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	14	3	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	14	4	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	14	5	made	make	VERB
er-2791	14	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	14	7	decision	decision	NOUN
er-2791	14	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	14	9	pilot	pilot	VERB
er-2791	14	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	14	11	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	14	12	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	14	13	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	14	14	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	14	15	as	as	ADP
er-2791	14	16	an	an	DET
er-2791	14	17	alternative	alternative	NOUN
er-2791	14	18	to	to	ADP
er-2791	14	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	14	20	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	14	21	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	14	22	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	14	23	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	14	24	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	14	25	for	for	ADP
er-2791	14	26	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	14	27	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	14	28	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	15	1	promising	promise	VERB
er-2791	15	2	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	15	3	from	from	ADP
er-2791	15	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	15	5	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	15	6	led	lead	VERB
er-2791	15	7	to	to	ADP
er-2791	15	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	15	9	recent	recent	ADJ
er-2791	15	10	formalization	formalization	NOUN
er-2791	15	11	of	of	ADP
er-2791	15	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	15	13	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	15	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	15	15	the	the	DET
er-2791	15	16	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	15	17	that	that	PRON
er-2791	15	18	are	be	AUX
er-2791	15	19	part	part	NOUN
er-2791	15	20	of	of	ADP
er-2791	15	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	15	22	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	15	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	16	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	16	2	article	article	NOUN
er-2791	16	3	will	will	AUX
er-2791	16	4	provide	provide	VERB
er-2791	16	5	a	a	DET
er-2791	16	6	brief	brief	ADJ
er-2791	16	7	overview	overview	NOUN
er-2791	16	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	16	9	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	16	10	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	16	11	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	16	12	a	a	DET
er-2791	16	13	discussion	discussion	NOUN
er-2791	16	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	16	15	corequisite	corequisite	NOUN
er-2791	16	16	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	16	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	16	18	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	16	19	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	16	21	a	a	DET
er-2791	16	22	description	description	NOUN
er-2791	16	23	of	of	ADP
er-2791	16	24	the	the	DET
er-2791	16	25	process	process	NOUN
er-2791	16	26	followed	follow	VERB
er-2791	16	27	in	in	ADP
er-2791	16	28	implementing	implement	VERB
er-2791	16	29	a	a	DET
er-2791	16	30	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	16	31	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	16	32	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	16	33	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	16	34	at	at	ADP
er-2791	16	35	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	16	36	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	16	37	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	16	38	a	a	DET
er-2791	16	39	summary	summary	NOUN
er-2791	16	40	of	of	ADP
er-2791	16	41	the	the	DET
er-2791	16	42	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	16	43	from	from	ADP
er-2791	16	44	the	the	DET
er-2791	16	45	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	16	46	of	of	ADP
er-2791	16	47	the	the	DET
er-2791	16	48	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	16	49	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	17	1	finally	finally	ADV
er-2791	17	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	17	3	a	a	DET
er-2791	17	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
er-2791	17	5	of	of	ADP
er-2791	17	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	17	7	lessons	lesson	NOUN
er-2791	17	8	learned	learn	VERB
er-2791	17	9	by	by	ADP
er-2791	17	10	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	17	11	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	17	12	is	be	AUX
er-2791	17	13	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	17	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	18	1	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	18	2	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	18	3	history	history	NOUN
er-2791	18	4	of	of	ADP
er-2791	18	5	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	18	6	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	18	7	when	when	SCONJ
er-2791	18	8	universities	university	NOUN
er-2791	18	9	were	be	AUX
er-2791	18	10	initially	initially	ADV
er-2791	18	11	established	establish	VERB
er-2791	18	12	in	in	ADP
er-2791	18	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	18	14	united	united	PROPN
er-2791	18	15	states	states	PROPN
er-2791	18	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	18	17	over	over	ADP
er-2791	18	18	200	200	NUM
er-2791	18	19	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	18	20	ago	ago	ADV
er-2791	18	21	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	18	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	18	23	only	only	ADJ
er-2791	18	24	admission	admission	NOUN
er-2791	18	25	requirement	requirement	NOUN
er-2791	18	26	of	of	ADP
er-2791	18	27	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	18	28	was	be	AUX
er-2791	18	29	the	the	DET
er-2791	18	30	ability	ability	NOUN
er-2791	18	31	of	of	ADP
er-2791	18	32	their	their	PRON
er-2791	18	33	families	family	NOUN
er-2791	18	34	to	to	PART
er-2791	18	35	pay	pay	VERB
er-2791	18	36	tuition	tuition	NOUN
er-2791	18	37	fees	fee	NOUN
er-2791	18	38	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	19	1	it	it	PRON
er-2791	19	2	was	be	AUX
er-2791	19	3	not	not	PART
er-2791	19	4	unusual	unusual	ADJ
er-2791	19	5	for	for	SCONJ
er-2791	19	6	a	a	DET
er-2791	19	7	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	19	8	from	from	ADP
er-2791	19	9	a	a	DET
er-2791	19	10	wealthy	wealthy	ADJ
er-2791	19	11	family	family	NOUN
er-2791	19	12	to	to	PART
er-2791	19	13	be	be	AUX
er-2791	19	14	accepted	accept	VERB
er-2791	19	15	for	for	ADP
er-2791	19	16	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	19	17	even	even	ADV
er-2791	19	18	though	though	SCONJ
er-2791	19	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	19	20	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	19	21	lacked	lack	VERB
er-2791	19	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	19	23	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	19	24	preparation	preparation	NOUN
er-2791	19	25	necessary	necessary	ADJ
er-2791	19	26	for	for	ADP
er-2791	19	27	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	19	28	at	at	ADP
er-2791	19	29	the	the	DET
er-2791	19	30	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	19	31	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	19	32	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	19	33	arendale	arendale	NOUN
er-2791	19	34	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	19	35	2011	2011	NUM
er-2791	19	36	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	19	37	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	20	1	accepting	accept	VERB
er-2791	20	2	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	20	3	who	who	PRON
er-2791	20	4	were	be	AUX
er-2791	20	5	academically	academically	ADV
er-2791	20	6	underprepared	underprepared	ADJ
er-2791	20	7	for	for	ADP
er-2791	20	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	20	9	rigor	rigor	NOUN
er-2791	20	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	20	11	post	post	ADJ
er-2791	20	12	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	20	13	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	20	14	coursework	coursework	NOUN
er-2791	20	15	contributed	contribute	VERB
er-2791	20	16	to	to	ADP
er-2791	20	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	20	18	financial	financial	ADJ
er-2791	20	19	stability	stability	NOUN
er-2791	20	20	of	of	ADP
er-2791	20	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	20	22	institution	institution	NOUN
er-2791	20	23	;	;	PUNCT
er-2791	20	24	however	however	ADV
er-2791	20	25	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	20	26	this	this	DET
er-2791	20	27	practice	practice	NOUN
er-2791	20	28	caused	cause	VERB
er-2791	20	29	great	great	ADJ
er-2791	20	30	concern	concern	NOUN
er-2791	20	31	for	for	ADP
er-2791	20	32	the	the	DET
er-2791	20	33	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	20	34	of	of	ADP
er-2791	20	35	these	these	DET
er-2791	20	36	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	20	37	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	21	1	eventually	eventually	ADV
er-2791	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	21	3	institutions	institution	NOUN
er-2791	21	4	found	find	VERB
er-2791	21	5	it	it	PRON
er-2791	21	6	necessary	necessary	ADJ
er-2791	21	7	to	to	PART
er-2791	21	8	offer	offer	VERB
er-2791	21	9	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	21	10	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	21	11	preparatory	preparatory	NOUN
er-2791	21	12	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	21	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	21	14	to	to	ADP
er-2791	21	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	21	16	large	large	ADJ
er-2791	21	17	population	population	NOUN
er-2791	21	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	21	19	entering	enter	VERB
er-2791	21	20	freshmen	freshman	NOUN
er-2791	21	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	22	1	as	as	SCONJ
er-2791	22	2	this	this	DET
er-2791	22	3	population	population	NOUN
er-2791	22	4	continued	continue	VERB
er-2791	22	5	to	to	PART
er-2791	22	6	grow	grow	VERB
er-2791	22	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	22	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
er-2791	22	9	established	establish	VERB
er-2791	22	10	full	full	ADJ
er-2791	22	11	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	22	12	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	22	13	preparatory	preparatory	NOUN
er-2791	22	14	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	22	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	22	16	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	22	17	to	to	PART
er-2791	22	18	assist	assist	VERB
er-2791	22	19	underprepared	underprepared	ADJ
er-2791	22	20	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	22	21	in	in	ADP
er-2791	22	22	achieving	achieve	VERB
er-2791	22	23	their	their	PRON
er-2791	22	24	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	22	25	goals	goal	NOUN
er-2791	22	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	23	1	over	over	ADP
er-2791	23	2	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	23	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	23	4	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	23	5	assistance	assistance	NOUN
er-2791	23	6	became	became	AUX
er-2791	23	7	known	know	VERB
er-2791	23	8	as	as	ADP
er-2791	23	9	“	"	PUNCT
er-2791	23	10	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	23	11	”	"	PUNCT
er-2791	23	12	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	23	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	23	14	having	have	VERB
er-2791	23	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	23	16	focus	focus	NOUN
er-2791	23	17	on	on	ADP
er-2791	23	18	building	build	VERB
er-2791	23	19	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	23	20	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	23	21	that	that	PRON
er-2791	23	22	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	23	23	had	have	AUX
er-2791	23	24	not	not	PART
er-2791	23	25	yet	yet	ADV
er-2791	23	26	mastered	master	VERB
er-2791	23	27	due	due	ADP
er-2791	23	28	to	to	ADP
er-2791	23	29	a	a	DET
er-2791	23	30	lack	lack	NOUN
er-2791	23	31	of	of	ADP
er-2791	23	32	prior	prior	ADJ
er-2791	23	33	schooling	schooling	NOUN
er-2791	23	34	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	23	35	to	to	ADP
er-2791	23	36	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	23	37	’	'	PUNCT
er-2791	23	38	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
er-2791	23	39	understanding	understanding	NOUN
er-2791	23	40	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	24	1	through	through	ADP
er-2791	24	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	24	3	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	24	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	24	5	america	america	PROPN
er-2791	24	6	witnessed	witness	VERB
er-2791	24	7	numerous	numerous	ADJ
er-2791	24	8	historical	historical	ADJ
er-2791	24	9	events	event	NOUN
er-2791	24	10	having	have	VERB
er-2791	24	11	a	a	DET
er-2791	24	12	direct	direct	ADJ
er-2791	24	13	impact	impact	NOUN
er-2791	24	14	on	on	ADP
er-2791	24	15	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	24	16	at	at	ADP
er-2791	24	17	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	24	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	24	19	post	post	ADJ
er-2791	24	20	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	24	21	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	24	22	levels	level	NOUN
er-2791	24	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	25	1	following	follow	VERB
er-2791	25	2	world	world	NOUN
er-2791	25	3	war	war	NOUN
er-2791	25	4	i	i	PRON
er-2791	25	5	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	25	6	1914	1914	NUM
er-2791	25	7	-	-	SYM
er-2791	25	8	1918	1918	NUM
er-2791	25	9	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	25	11	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	25	12	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	25	13	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	25	14	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	25	15	for	for	ADP
er-2791	25	16	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	25	17	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	25	18	15	15	NUM
er-2791	25	19	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	25	20	systems	system	NOUN
er-2791	25	21	began	begin	VERB
er-2791	25	22	to	to	PART
er-2791	25	23	require	require	VERB
er-2791	25	24	formal	formal	ADJ
er-2791	25	25	schooling	schooling	NOUN
er-2791	25	26	through	through	ADP
er-2791	25	27	the	the	DET
er-2791	25	28	12th	12th	ADJ
er-2791	25	29	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	25	30	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	25	31	a	a	DET
er-2791	25	32	recommendation	recommendation	NOUN
er-2791	25	33	made	make	VERB
er-2791	25	34	by	by	ADP
er-2791	25	35	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	25	36	reformer	reformer	PROPN
er-2791	25	37	john	john	PROPN
er-2791	25	38	dewey	dewey	PROPN
er-2791	25	39	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	26	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	26	2	change	change	NOUN
er-2791	26	3	generated	generate	VERB
er-2791	26	4	an	an	DET
er-2791	26	5	increase	increase	NOUN
er-2791	26	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	26	7	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	26	8	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	26	9	causing	cause	VERB
er-2791	26	10	colleges	college	NOUN
er-2791	26	11	“	"	PUNCT
er-2791	26	12	to	to	PART
er-2791	26	13	lower	low	ADJ
er-2791	26	14	standards	standard	NOUN
er-2791	26	15	to	to	PART
er-2791	26	16	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
er-2791	26	17	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	26	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	26	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	26	20	applicants	applicant	NOUN
er-2791	26	21	”	"	PUNCT
er-2791	26	22	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	26	23	tucker	tucker	PROPN
er-2791	26	24	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	26	25	2012	2012	NUM
er-2791	26	26	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	26	27	p.4	p.4	ADJ
er-2791	26	28	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	26	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	27	1	world	world	PROPN
er-2791	27	2	war	war	PROPN
er-2791	27	3	ii	ii	PROPN
er-2791	27	4	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	27	5	1939	1939	NUM
er-2791	27	6	-	-	SYM
er-2791	27	7	1945	1945	NUM
er-2791	27	8	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	27	9	generated	generate	VERB
er-2791	27	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	27	11	demand	demand	NOUN
er-2791	27	12	for	for	ADP
er-2791	27	13	mathematicians	mathematician	NOUN
er-2791	27	14	causing	cause	VERB
er-2791	27	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	27	16	need	need	NOUN
er-2791	27	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	27	18	increased	increase	VERB
er-2791	27	19	numbers	number	NOUN
er-2791	27	20	of	of	ADP
er-2791	27	21	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	27	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	27	23	at	at	ADP
er-2791	27	24	the	the	DET
er-2791	27	25	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	27	26	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	27	27	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	27	28	encouraging	encourage	VERB
er-2791	27	29	a	a	DET
er-2791	27	30	larger	large	ADJ
er-2791	27	31	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	27	32	of	of	ADP
er-2791	27	33	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	27	34	freshmen	freshman	NOUN
er-2791	27	35	in	in	ADP
er-2791	27	36	calculus	calculus	NOUN
er-2791	27	37	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	27	38	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	28	1	those	those	DET
er-2791	28	2	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	28	3	unprepared	unprepared	ADJ
er-2791	28	4	for	for	ADP
er-2791	28	5	calculus	calculus	NOUN
er-2791	28	6	studies	study	NOUN
er-2791	28	7	were	be	AUX
er-2791	28	8	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	28	9	in	in	ADP
er-2791	28	10	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	28	11	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	28	12	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	28	13	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	28	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	28	15	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	28	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	29	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	29	2	greater	great	ADJ
er-2791	29	3	number	number	NOUN
er-2791	29	4	of	of	ADP
er-2791	29	5	military	military	ADJ
er-2791	29	6	veterans	veteran	NOUN
er-2791	29	7	began	begin	VERB
er-2791	29	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	29	9	enter	enter	VERB
er-2791	29	10	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	29	11	following	follow	VERB
er-2791	29	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	29	13	creation	creation	NOUN
er-2791	29	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	29	15	the	the	DET
er-2791	29	16	g.	g.	PROPN
er-2791	29	17	i.	i.	PROPN
er-2791	29	18	bill	bill	PROPN
er-2791	29	19	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	29	20	though	though	SCONJ
er-2791	29	21	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	29	22	lacked	lack	VERB
er-2791	29	23	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	29	24	preparation	preparation	NOUN
er-2791	29	25	due	due	ADP
er-2791	29	26	to	to	ADP
er-2791	29	27	their	their	PRON
er-2791	29	28	military	military	ADJ
er-2791	29	29	service	service	NOUN
er-2791	29	30	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	30	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	30	2	launching	launching	NOUN
er-2791	30	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	30	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	30	5	russian	russian	ADJ
er-2791	30	6	satellite	satellite	PROPN
er-2791	30	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	30	8	sputnik	sputnik	NOUN
er-2791	30	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	30	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	30	11	1957	1957	NUM
er-2791	30	12	brought	bring	VERB
er-2791	30	13	about	about	ADP
er-2791	30	14	political	political	ADJ
er-2791	30	15	concern	concern	NOUN
er-2791	30	16	for	for	ADP
er-2791	30	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	30	18	soviet	soviet	PROPN
er-2791	30	19	union	union	PROPN
er-2791	30	20	’s	’s	PART
er-2791	30	21	lead	lead	NOUN
er-2791	30	22	in	in	ADP
er-2791	30	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	30	24	space	space	NOUN
er-2791	30	25	race	race	NOUN
er-2791	30	26	along	along	ADP
er-2791	30	27	with	with	ADP
er-2791	30	28	public	public	ADJ
er-2791	30	29	blame	blame	NOUN
er-2791	30	30	on	on	ADP
er-2791	30	31	american	american	ADJ
er-2791	30	32	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	30	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	31	1	each	each	PRON
er-2791	31	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	31	3	these	these	DET
er-2791	31	4	events	event	NOUN
er-2791	31	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	31	6	along	along	ADP
er-2791	31	7	with	with	ADP
er-2791	31	8	others	other	NOUN
er-2791	31	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	31	10	brought	bring	VERB
er-2791	31	11	about	about	ADP
er-2791	31	12	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	31	13	reform	reform	NOUN
er-2791	31	14	at	at	ADP
er-2791	31	15	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	31	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	31	17	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	31	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	31	19	post	post	ADJ
er-2791	31	20	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	31	21	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	31	22	levels	level	NOUN
er-2791	31	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	32	1	reform	reform	NOUN
er-2791	32	2	at	at	ADP
er-2791	32	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	32	4	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	32	5	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	32	6	seemed	seem	VERB
er-2791	32	7	to	to	PART
er-2791	32	8	occur	occur	VERB
er-2791	32	9	consequently	consequently	ADV
er-2791	32	10	with	with	ADP
er-2791	32	11	societal	societal	ADJ
er-2791	32	12	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	32	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	33	1	lambdin	lambdin	PROPN
er-2791	33	2	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	33	3	walcott	walcott	PROPN
er-2791	33	4	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	33	5	2007	2007	NUM
er-2791	33	6	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	33	7	described	describe	VERB
er-2791	33	8	reforms	reform	NOUN
er-2791	33	9	at	at	ADP
er-2791	33	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	33	11	secondary	secondary	ADJ
er-2791	33	12	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	33	13	as	as	ADP
er-2791	33	14	six	six	NUM
er-2791	33	15	phases	phase	NOUN
er-2791	33	16	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	33	17	drill	drill	NOUN
er-2791	33	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	33	19	practice	practice	NOUN
er-2791	33	20	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	33	21	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
er-2791	33	22	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
er-2791	33	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	33	24	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	33	25	math	math	NOUN
er-2791	33	26	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	33	27	back	back	ADV
er-2791	33	28	to	to	ADP
er-2791	33	29	basics	basic	NOUN
er-2791	33	30	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	33	31	problem	problem	NOUN
er-2791	33	32	solving	solving	NOUN
er-2791	33	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	33	34	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	33	35	the	the	DET
er-2791	33	36	current	current	ADJ
er-2791	33	37	standards	standard	NOUN
er-2791	33	38	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	33	39	accountability	accountability	NOUN
er-2791	33	40	phase	phase	NOUN
er-2791	33	41	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	34	1	instructional	instructional	ADJ
er-2791	34	2	practices	practice	NOUN
er-2791	34	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	34	4	american	american	ADJ
er-2791	34	5	high	high	PROPN
er-2791	34	6	schools	school	NOUN
er-2791	34	7	experienced	experience	VERB
er-2791	34	8	change	change	NOUN
er-2791	34	9	through	through	ADP
er-2791	34	10	each	each	DET
er-2791	34	11	phase	phase	NOUN
er-2791	34	12	;	;	PUNCT
er-2791	34	13	however	however	ADV
er-2791	34	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	34	15	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	34	16	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
er-2791	34	17	remained	remain	VERB
er-2791	34	18	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ
er-2791	34	19	causing	cause	VERB
er-2791	34	20	a	a	DET
er-2791	34	21	growing	grow	VERB
er-2791	34	22	gap	gap	NOUN
er-2791	34	23	between	between	ADP
er-2791	34	24	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	34	25	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	34	26	achievement	achievement	NOUN
er-2791	34	27	levels	level	NOUN
er-2791	34	28	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	34	29	expected	expect	VERB
er-2791	34	30	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	34	31	entry	entry	NOUN
er-2791	34	32	levels	level	NOUN
er-2791	34	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	35	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	35	2	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	35	3	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	35	4	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	35	5	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	35	6	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	35	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	35	8	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	35	9	originated	originate	VERB
er-2791	35	10	as	as	ADP
er-2791	35	11	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	35	12	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	35	13	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	35	14	to	to	PART
er-2791	35	15	address	address	VERB
er-2791	35	16	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	35	17	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
er-2791	35	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	35	19	due	due	ADP
er-2791	35	20	to	to	ADP
er-2791	35	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	35	22	lack	lack	NOUN
er-2791	35	23	of	of	ADP
er-2791	35	24	preparation	preparation	NOUN
er-2791	35	25	of	of	ADP
er-2791	35	26	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	35	27	entering	enter	VERB
er-2791	35	28	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	35	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	36	1	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	36	2	algebra	algebra	PROPN
er-2791	36	3	began	begin	VERB
er-2791	36	4	as	as	ADP
er-2791	36	5	a	a	DET
er-2791	36	6	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	36	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	36	8	serving	serve	VERB
er-2791	36	9	to	to	PART
er-2791	36	10	prepare	prepare	VERB
er-2791	36	11	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	36	12	for	for	ADP
er-2791	36	13	calculus	calculus	NOUN
er-2791	36	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	37	1	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
er-2791	37	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	37	3	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	37	4	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	37	5	were	be	AUX
er-2791	37	6	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	37	7	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	37	8	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	37	9	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	37	10	for	for	ADP
er-2791	37	11	an	an	DET
er-2791	37	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	37	13	intensive	intensive	ADJ
er-2791	37	14	pathway	pathway	NOUN
er-2791	37	15	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	38	1	eventually	eventually	ADV
er-2791	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	38	3	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	38	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	38	5	became	become	VERB
er-2791	38	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	38	7	required	require	VERB
er-2791	38	8	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	38	9	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	38	10	for	for	ADP
er-2791	38	11	most	most	ADJ
er-2791	38	12	major	major	ADJ
er-2791	38	13	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	38	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	38	15	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	38	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	39	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	39	2	unprepared	unprepared	ADJ
er-2791	39	3	for	for	ADP
er-2791	39	4	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	39	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	39	6	were	be	AUX
er-2791	39	7	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	39	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	39	9	pre	pre	NOUN
er-2791	39	10	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	39	11	requisites	requisite	NOUN
er-2791	39	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	39	13	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
er-2791	39	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	39	15	introductory	introductory	ADJ
er-2791	39	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	39	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	40	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	40	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	40	3	to	to	ADP
er-2791	40	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	40	5	number	number	NOUN
er-2791	40	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	40	7	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	40	8	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	40	9	graduates	graduate	NOUN
er-2791	40	10	entering	enter	VERB
er-2791	40	11	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	40	12	underprepared	underprepared	ADJ
er-2791	40	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	40	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	40	15	number	number	NOUN
er-2791	40	16	of	of	ADP
er-2791	40	17	non	non	ADJ
er-2791	40	18	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	40	19	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	40	20	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	40	21	continued	continue	VERB
er-2791	40	22	to	to	PART
er-2791	40	23	grow	grow	VERB
er-2791	40	24	creating	create	VERB
er-2791	40	25	a	a	DET
er-2791	40	26	diverse	diverse	ADJ
er-2791	40	27	population	population	NOUN
er-2791	40	28	of	of	ADP
er-2791	40	29	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	40	30	with	with	ADP
er-2791	40	31	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	40	32	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
er-2791	40	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	41	1	educational	educational	ADJ
er-2791	41	2	doors	door	NOUN
er-2791	41	3	opened	open	VERB
er-2791	41	4	to	to	ADP
er-2791	41	5	a	a	DET
er-2791	41	6	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	41	7	population	population	NOUN
er-2791	41	8	including	include	VERB
er-2791	41	9	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
er-2791	41	10	with	with	ADP
er-2791	41	11	language	language	NOUN
er-2791	41	12	barriers	barrier	NOUN
er-2791	41	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	41	14	military	military	ADJ
er-2791	41	15	veterans	veteran	NOUN
er-2791	41	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	41	17	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	41	18	those	those	PRON
er-2791	41	19	seeking	seek	VERB
er-2791	41	20	a	a	DET
er-2791	41	21	career	career	NOUN
er-2791	41	22	change	change	NOUN
er-2791	41	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	42	1	those	those	PRON
er-2791	42	2	serving	serve	VERB
er-2791	42	3	this	this	DET
er-2791	42	4	diverse	diverse	ADJ
er-2791	42	5	population	population	NOUN
er-2791	42	6	realized	realize	VERB
er-2791	42	7	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	42	8	these	these	DET
er-2791	42	9	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	42	10	shared	share	VERB
er-2791	42	11	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	42	12	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
er-2791	42	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	42	14	aside	aside	ADV
er-2791	42	15	from	from	ADP
er-2791	42	16	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	42	17	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
er-2791	42	18	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	43	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	43	2	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	43	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	43	4	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	43	5	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	43	6	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	43	7	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	43	8	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	43	9	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	43	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	43	11	lack	lack	NOUN
er-2791	43	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	43	13	self	self	NOUN
er-2791	43	14	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	43	15	esteem	esteem	NOUN
er-2791	43	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	17	lack	lack	NOUN
er-2791	43	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	43	19	support	support	NOUN
er-2791	43	20	from	from	ADP
er-2791	43	21	family	family	NOUN
er-2791	43	22	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	43	23	friends	friend	NOUN
er-2791	43	24	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	25	trouble	trouble	NOUN
er-2791	43	26	adjusting	adjust	VERB
er-2791	43	27	to	to	ADP
er-2791	43	28	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	43	29	culture	culture	NOUN
er-2791	43	30	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	31	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	43	32	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	43	33	management	management	NOUN
er-2791	43	34	issues	issue	NOUN
er-2791	43	35	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	43	36	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	43	37	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	43	38	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	43	39	bitner	bitner	NOUN
er-2791	43	40	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	41	austin	austin	PROPN
er-2791	43	42	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	43	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	43	44	wadlington	wadlington	PROPN
er-2791	43	45	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	46	1994	1994	NUM
er-2791	43	47	;	;	PUNCT
er-2791	43	48	boylan	boylan	PROPN
er-2791	43	49	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	50	2009	2009	NUM
er-2791	43	51	;	;	PUNCT
er-2791	43	52	castator	castator	NOUN
er-2791	43	53	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	43	54	1995	1995	NUM
er-2791	43	55	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	43	56	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	44	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	44	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	44	3	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	44	4	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	44	5	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	44	6	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	44	7	of	of	ADP
er-2791	44	8	remediation	remediation	NOUN
er-2791	44	9	was	be	AUX
er-2791	44	10	not	not	PART
er-2791	44	11	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	44	12	to	to	PART
er-2791	44	13	offer	offer	VERB
er-2791	44	14	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	44	15	services	service	NOUN
er-2791	44	16	in	in	ADP
er-2791	44	17	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	44	18	to	to	ADP
er-2791	44	19	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	44	20	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	44	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	45	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	45	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	45	3	last	last	ADJ
er-2791	45	4	10	10	NUM
er-2791	45	5	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	45	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	45	7	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	45	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	45	9	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	45	10	have	have	AUX
er-2791	45	11	been	be	AUX
er-2791	45	12	accused	accuse	VERB
er-2791	45	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	45	14	creating	create	VERB
er-2791	45	15	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
er-2791	45	16	for	for	ADP
er-2791	45	17	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	45	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	45	19	preventing	prevent	VERB
er-2791	45	20	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	45	21	from	from	ADP
er-2791	45	22	reaching	reach	VERB
er-2791	45	23	their	their	PRON
er-2791	45	24	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	45	25	goals	goal	NOUN
er-2791	45	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	46	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	46	2	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	46	3	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	46	4	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	46	5	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	46	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	46	7	preparation	preparation	NOUN
er-2791	46	8	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	46	9	have	have	AUX
er-2791	46	10	been	be	AUX
er-2791	46	11	identified	identify	VERB
er-2791	46	12	as	as	ADP
er-2791	46	13	creating	create	VERB
er-2791	46	14	financial	financial	ADJ
er-2791	46	15	burdens	burden	NOUN
er-2791	46	16	on	on	ADP
er-2791	46	17	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	46	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	46	19	institutions	institution	NOUN
er-2791	46	20	by	by	ADP
er-2791	46	21	extending	extend	VERB
er-2791	46	22	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	46	23	to	to	ADP
er-2791	46	24	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	46	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	47	1	those	those	DET
er-2791	47	2	opposing	oppose	VERB
er-2791	47	3	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	47	4	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	47	5	preparatory	preparatory	NOUN
er-2791	47	6	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	47	7	argue	argue	VERB
er-2791	47	8	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	47	9	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	47	10	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	47	11	“	"	PUNCT
er-2791	47	12	cost	cost	NOUN
er-2791	47	13	taxpayers	taxpayer	NOUN
er-2791	47	14	twice	twice	ADV
er-2791	47	15	”	"	PUNCT
er-2791	47	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	47	17	only	only	ADV
er-2791	47	18	serve	serve	VERB
er-2791	47	19	to	to	PART
er-2791	47	20	re	re	VERB
er-2791	47	21	-	-	VERB
er-2791	47	22	teach	teach	VERB
er-2791	47	23	what	what	PRON
er-2791	47	24	should	should	AUX
er-2791	47	25	have	have	AUX
er-2791	47	26	been	be	AUX
er-2791	47	27	learned	learn	VERB
er-2791	47	28	in	in	ADP
er-2791	47	29	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	47	30	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	47	31	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	47	32	saxon	saxon	PROPN
er-2791	47	33	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	47	34	boylan	boylan	PROPN
er-2791	47	35	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	47	36	2001	2001	NUM
er-2791	47	37	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	47	38	p.	p.	NOUN
er-2791	47	39	2	2	NUM
er-2791	47	40	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	47	41	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	48	1	those	those	PRON
er-2791	48	2	supporting	support	VERB
er-2791	48	3	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	48	4	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	48	5	argue	argue	VERB
er-2791	48	6	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	48	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	48	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	48	9	system	system	NOUN
er-2791	48	10	is	be	AUX
er-2791	48	11	flawed	flaw	VERB
er-2791	48	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	48	13	should	should	AUX
er-2791	48	14	be	be	AUX
er-2791	48	15	reformed	reform	VERB
er-2791	48	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	48	17	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
er-2791	48	18	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
er-2791	48	19	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	48	20	address	address	NOUN
er-2791	48	21	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	48	22	needs	need	VERB
er-2791	48	23	beyond	beyond	ADP
er-2791	48	24	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	48	25	understanding	understanding	NOUN
er-2791	48	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	49	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	49	2	these	these	DET
er-2791	49	3	reasons	reason	NOUN
er-2791	49	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	49	5	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	49	6	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	49	7	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	49	8	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	49	9	have	have	AUX
er-2791	49	10	evolved	evolve	VERB
er-2791	49	11	into	into	ADP
er-2791	49	12	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	49	13	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	49	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	49	15	16	16	NUM
er-2791	49	16	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	49	17	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	49	18	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	49	19	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	49	20	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	49	21	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	49	22	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	49	23	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	49	24	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	49	25	to	to	PART
er-2791	49	26	address	address	VERB
er-2791	49	27	the	the	DET
er-2791	49	28	social	social	ADJ
er-2791	49	29	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	49	30	emotional	emotional	ADJ
er-2791	49	31	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	49	32	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
er-2791	49	33	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	49	34	of	of	ADP
er-2791	49	35	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	49	36	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	49	37	removing	remove	VERB
er-2791	49	38	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ
er-2791	49	39	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
er-2791	49	40	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	50	1	another	another	DET
er-2791	50	2	obstacle	obstacle	NOUN
er-2791	50	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	50	4	cited	cite	VERB
er-2791	50	5	in	in	ADP
er-2791	50	6	current	current	ADJ
er-2791	50	7	research	research	NOUN
er-2791	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	50	9	is	be	AUX
er-2791	50	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	50	11	tradition	tradition	NOUN
er-2791	50	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	50	13	requiring	require	VERB
er-2791	50	14	all	all	DET
er-2791	50	15	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	50	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	50	17	complete	complete	VERB
er-2791	50	18	a	a	DET
er-2791	50	19	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	50	20	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	50	21	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	50	22	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	50	23	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	50	24	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	50	25	cooper	cooper	NOUN
er-2791	50	26	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	50	27	2014	2014	NUM
er-2791	50	28	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	50	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	51	1	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	51	2	algebra	algebra	PROPN
er-2791	51	3	was	be	AUX
er-2791	51	4	once	once	ADV
er-2791	51	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	51	6	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
er-2791	51	7	for	for	ADP
er-2791	51	8	calculus	calculus	NOUN
er-2791	51	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	51	10	as	as	SCONJ
er-2791	51	11	calculus	calculus	NOUN
er-2791	51	12	was	be	AUX
er-2791	51	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	51	14	required	require	VERB
er-2791	51	15	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	51	16	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	51	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	51	18	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	51	19	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	51	20	for	for	ADP
er-2791	51	21	most	most	ADJ
er-2791	51	22	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	51	23	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	51	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	52	1	eventually	eventually	ADV
er-2791	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	52	3	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	52	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	52	5	became	become	VERB
er-2791	52	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	52	7	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ
er-2791	52	8	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	52	9	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	52	10	for	for	ADP
er-2791	52	11	most	most	ADJ
er-2791	52	12	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	52	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	53	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	53	2	unprepared	unprepared	ADJ
er-2791	53	3	for	for	ADP
er-2791	53	4	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	53	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	53	6	were	be	AUX
er-2791	53	7	placed	place	VERB
er-2791	53	8	into	into	ADP
er-2791	53	9	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	53	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	53	11	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	53	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	53	13	based	base	VERB
er-2791	53	14	on	on	ADP
er-2791	53	15	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	53	16	earned	earn	VERB
er-2791	53	17	on	on	ADP
er-2791	53	18	a	a	DET
er-2791	53	19	standardized	standardized	ADJ
er-2791	53	20	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	53	21	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	53	22	as	as	ADP
er-2791	53	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	53	24	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	53	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	54	1	higher	high	ADJ
er-2791	54	2	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	54	3	has	have	AUX
er-2791	54	4	since	since	ADV
er-2791	54	5	seen	see	VERB
er-2791	54	6	a	a	DET
er-2791	54	7	demand	demand	NOUN
er-2791	54	8	for	for	ADP
er-2791	54	9	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	54	10	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	54	11	that	that	PRON
er-2791	54	12	more	more	ADV
er-2791	54	13	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
er-2791	54	14	align	align	VERB
er-2791	54	15	with	with	ADP
er-2791	54	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	54	17	prepare	prepare	VERB
er-2791	54	18	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	54	19	for	for	ADP
er-2791	54	20	chosen	choose	VERB
er-2791	54	21	careers	career	NOUN
er-2791	54	22	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	54	23	professions	profession	NOUN
er-2791	54	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	55	1	as	as	ADP
er-2791	55	2	a	a	DET
er-2791	55	3	result	result	NOUN
er-2791	55	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	55	5	institutions	institution	NOUN
er-2791	55	6	have	have	AUX
er-2791	55	7	begun	begin	VERB
er-2791	55	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	55	9	offer	offer	VERB
er-2791	55	10	basic	basic	ADJ
er-2791	55	11	statistics	statistic	NOUN
er-2791	55	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	55	13	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
er-2791	55	14	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
er-2791	55	15	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	55	16	as	as	ADP
er-2791	55	17	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
er-2791	55	18	to	to	ADP
er-2791	55	19	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	55	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	55	21	for	for	SCONJ
er-2791	55	22	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	55	23	not	not	PART
er-2791	55	24	entering	enter	VERB
er-2791	55	25	a	a	DET
er-2791	55	26	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	55	27	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	55	28	technology	technology	NOUN
er-2791	55	29	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	55	30	engineering	engineering	NOUN
er-2791	55	31	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	55	32	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	55	33	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	55	34	stem	stem	NOUN
er-2791	55	35	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	55	36	field	field	NOUN
er-2791	55	37	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	56	1	though	though	SCONJ
er-2791	56	2	these	these	DET
er-2791	56	3	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	56	4	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	56	5	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	56	6	are	be	AUX
er-2791	56	7	now	now	ADV
er-2791	56	8	available	available	ADJ
er-2791	56	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	56	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	56	11	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	56	12	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	56	13	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	56	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	56	15	pathway	pathway	NOUN
er-2791	56	16	has	have	AUX
er-2791	56	17	seen	see	VERB
er-2791	56	18	little	little	ADJ
er-2791	56	19	change	change	NOUN
er-2791	56	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	57	1	until	until	ADP
er-2791	57	2	recently	recently	ADV
er-2791	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	57	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	57	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	57	6	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	57	7	have	have	AUX
er-2791	57	8	been	be	AUX
er-2791	57	9	accepted	accept	VERB
er-2791	57	10	as	as	ADP
er-2791	57	11	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
er-2791	57	12	prerequisites	prerequisite	NOUN
er-2791	57	13	for	for	ADP
er-2791	57	14	a	a	DET
er-2791	57	15	variety	variety	NOUN
er-2791	57	16	of	of	ADP
er-2791	57	17	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	57	18	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	57	19	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	57	20	even	even	ADV
er-2791	57	21	though	though	SCONJ
er-2791	57	22	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	57	23	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	57	24	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	57	25	were	be	AUX
er-2791	57	26	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	57	27	to	to	PART
er-2791	57	28	prepare	prepare	VERB
er-2791	57	29	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	57	30	only	only	ADV
er-2791	57	31	for	for	ADP
er-2791	57	32	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	57	33	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	57	34	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	57	35	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	57	36	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	58	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	58	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	58	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	58	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	58	5	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	58	6	was	be	AUX
er-2791	58	7	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	58	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	58	9	measure	measure	VERB
er-2791	58	10	preparedness	preparedness	NOUN
er-2791	58	11	for	for	ADP
er-2791	58	12	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	58	13	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	58	14	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	58	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	58	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	58	17	there	there	PRON
er-2791	58	18	is	be	VERB
er-2791	58	19	no	no	DET
er-2791	58	20	evidence	evidence	NOUN
er-2791	58	21	it	it	PRON
er-2791	58	22	will	will	AUX
er-2791	58	23	predict	predict	VERB
er-2791	58	24	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	58	25	in	in	ADP
er-2791	58	26	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	58	27	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	58	28	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	58	29	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	58	30	clough	clough	PROPN
er-2791	58	31	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	58	32	montgomery	montgomery	PROPN
er-2791	58	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	58	34	2015	2015	NUM
er-2791	58	35	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	58	36	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	59	1	co	co	VERB
er-2791	59	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	59	3	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	59	4	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	59	5	one	one	NUM
er-2791	59	6	result	result	NOUN
er-2791	59	7	of	of	ADP
er-2791	59	8	current	current	ADJ
er-2791	59	9	research	research	NOUN
er-2791	59	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	59	11	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	59	12	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	59	13	is	be	AUX
er-2791	59	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	59	15	effort	effort	NOUN
er-2791	59	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	59	17	enroll	enroll	VERB
er-2791	59	18	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	59	19	directly	directly	ADV
er-2791	59	20	into	into	ADP
er-2791	59	21	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	59	22	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	59	23	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	59	24	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	59	25	rather	rather	ADV
er-2791	59	26	than	than	ADP
er-2791	59	27	expecting	expect	VERB
er-2791	59	28	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	59	29	to	to	PART
er-2791	59	30	complete	complete	VERB
er-2791	59	31	a	a	DET
er-2791	59	32	sequence	sequence	NOUN
er-2791	59	33	of	of	ADP
er-2791	59	34	one	one	NUM
er-2791	59	35	to	to	ADP
er-2791	59	36	three	three	NUM
er-2791	59	37	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	59	38	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	59	39	prior	prior	ADV
er-2791	59	40	to	to	ADP
er-2791	59	41	the	the	DET
er-2791	59	42	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	59	43	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	59	44	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	60	1	rather	rather	ADV
er-2791	60	2	than	than	ADP
er-2791	60	3	following	follow	VERB
er-2791	60	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	60	5	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
er-2791	60	6	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	60	7	by	by	ADP
er-2791	60	8	re	re	VERB
er-2791	60	9	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	60	10	teaching	teach	VERB
er-2791	60	11	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	60	12	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	60	13	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	60	14	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	60	15	in	in	ADP
er-2791	60	16	preparation	preparation	NOUN
er-2791	60	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	60	18	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	60	19	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	60	20	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	60	21	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	60	22	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	60	23	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	60	24	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	60	25	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	60	26	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	60	27	allow	allow	VERB
er-2791	60	28	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	60	29	to	to	PART
er-2791	60	30	immediately	immediately	ADV
er-2791	60	31	begin	begin	VERB
er-2791	60	32	work	work	NOUN
er-2791	60	33	at	at	ADP
er-2791	60	34	the	the	DET
er-2791	60	35	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	60	36	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	60	37	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	60	38	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	60	39	receiving	receive	VERB
er-2791	60	40	just	just	ADV
er-2791	60	41	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	60	42	in	in	ADP
er-2791	60	43	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	60	44	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	60	45	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	60	46	assistance	assistance	NOUN
er-2791	60	47	along	along	ADP
er-2791	60	48	with	with	ADP
er-2791	60	49	support	support	NOUN
er-2791	60	50	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	60	51	services	service	NOUN
er-2791	60	52	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	60	53	to	to	PART
er-2791	60	54	address	address	VERB
er-2791	60	55	social	social	ADJ
er-2791	60	56	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	60	57	emotional	emotional	ADJ
er-2791	60	58	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	60	59	as	as	ADV
er-2791	60	60	well	well	ADV
er-2791	60	61	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	61	1	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	61	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	61	3	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	61	4	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	61	5	can	can	AUX
er-2791	61	6	be	be	AUX
er-2791	61	7	implemented	implement	VERB
er-2791	61	8	using	use	VERB
er-2791	61	9	a	a	DET
er-2791	61	10	variety	variety	NOUN
er-2791	61	11	of	of	ADP
er-2791	61	12	structures	structure	NOUN
er-2791	61	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	62	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	62	2	example	example	NOUN
er-2791	62	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	62	4	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	62	5	may	may	AUX
er-2791	62	6	be	be	AUX
er-2791	62	7	required	require	VERB
er-2791	62	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	62	9	enroll	enroll	VERB
er-2791	62	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	62	11	parallel	parallel	ADJ
er-2791	62	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	62	13	supplemental	supplemental	ADJ
er-2791	62	14	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	62	15	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	62	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	62	17	participate	participate	VERB
er-2791	62	18	in	in	ADP
er-2791	62	19	noncourse	noncourse	NOUN
er-2791	62	20	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	62	21	based	base	VERB
er-2791	62	22	options	option	NOUN
er-2791	62	23	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	62	24	as	as	ADP
er-2791	62	25	self	self	NOUN
er-2791	62	26	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	62	27	paced	pace	VERB
er-2791	62	28	instruction	instruction	NOUN
er-2791	62	29	hosted	host	VERB
er-2791	62	30	in	in	ADP
er-2791	62	31	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	62	32	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	62	33	labs	lab	NOUN
er-2791	62	34	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	63	1	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
er-2791	63	2	tutoring	tutoring	NOUN
er-2791	63	3	that	that	PRON
er-2791	63	4	accompanies	accompany	VERB
er-2791	63	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	63	6	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	63	7	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	63	8	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	63	9	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	63	10	is	be	AUX
er-2791	63	11	another	another	DET
er-2791	63	12	strategy	strategy	NOUN
er-2791	63	13	used	use	VERB
er-2791	63	14	as	as	ADP
er-2791	63	15	part	part	NOUN
er-2791	63	16	of	of	ADP
er-2791	63	17	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	63	18	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	63	19	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	63	20	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	63	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	64	1	some	some	DET
er-2791	64	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
er-2791	64	3	offer	offer	VERB
er-2791	64	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	64	5	support	support	NOUN
er-2791	64	6	immediately	immediately	ADV
er-2791	64	7	after	after	SCONJ
er-2791	64	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	64	9	scheduled	scheduled	ADJ
er-2791	64	10	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	64	11	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	64	12	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	64	13	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	64	14	ends	end	VERB
er-2791	64	15	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	64	16	others	other	NOUN
er-2791	64	17	add	add	VERB
er-2791	64	18	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	64	19	hours	hour	NOUN
er-2791	64	20	to	to	ADP
er-2791	64	21	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	64	22	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	64	23	core	core	NOUN
er-2791	64	24	principles	principle	NOUN
er-2791	64	25	for	for	ADP
er-2791	64	26	transforming	transform	VERB
er-2791	64	27	remediation	remediation	NOUN
er-2791	64	28	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	64	29	2015	2015	NUM
er-2791	64	30	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	64	31	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	65	1	changing	change	VERB
er-2791	65	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	65	3	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	65	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	65	5	changing	change	VERB
er-2791	65	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	65	7	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
er-2791	65	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	65	9	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	65	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	65	11	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	65	12	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
er-2791	65	13	at	at	ADP
er-2791	65	14	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	65	15	has	have	AUX
er-2791	65	16	been	be	AUX
er-2791	65	17	serving	serve	VERB
er-2791	65	18	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	65	19	with	with	ADP
er-2791	65	20	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	65	21	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	65	22	for	for	ADP
er-2791	65	23	more	more	ADJ
er-2791	65	24	than	than	ADP
er-2791	65	25	50	50	NUM
er-2791	65	26	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	65	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	66	1	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
er-2791	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	66	3	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	66	4	have	have	AUX
er-2791	66	5	been	be	AUX
er-2791	66	6	placed	place	VERB
er-2791	66	7	into	into	ADP
er-2791	66	8	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	66	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	66	10	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	66	11	when	when	SCONJ
er-2791	66	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	66	13	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	66	14	act	act	PROPN
er-2791	66	15	math	math	NOUN
er-2791	66	16	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	66	17	was	be	AUX
er-2791	66	18	below	below	ADP
er-2791	66	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	66	20	placement	placement	NOUN
er-2791	66	21	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	66	22	required	require	VERB
er-2791	66	23	for	for	ADP
er-2791	66	24	all	all	DET
er-2791	66	25	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	66	26	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	66	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	67	1	depending	depend	VERB
er-2791	67	2	on	on	ADP
er-2791	67	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	67	4	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	67	5	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	67	6	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	67	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	67	8	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	67	9	were	be	AUX
er-2791	67	10	expected	expect	VERB
er-2791	67	11	to	to	PART
er-2791	67	12	complete	complete	VERB
er-2791	67	13	from	from	ADP
er-2791	67	14	one	one	NUM
er-2791	67	15	to	to	ADP
er-2791	67	16	three	three	NUM
er-2791	67	17	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	67	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	67	19	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	67	20	before	before	ADP
er-2791	67	21	enrolling	enrol	VERB
er-2791	67	22	in	in	ADP
er-2791	67	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	67	24	required	require	VERB
er-2791	67	25	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	67	26	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	67	27	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	67	28	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	67	29	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	67	30	offered	offer	VERB
er-2791	67	31	in	in	ADP
er-2791	67	32	the	the	DET
er-2791	67	33	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	67	34	of	of	ADP
er-2791	67	35	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	67	36	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	67	37	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	67	38	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	67	39	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	68	1	as	as	SCONJ
er-2791	68	2	noted	note	VERB
er-2791	68	3	earlier	early	ADV
er-2791	68	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	68	5	a	a	DET
er-2791	68	6	number	number	NOUN
er-2791	68	7	of	of	ADP
er-2791	68	8	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	68	9	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	68	10	were	be	AUX
er-2791	68	11	placed	place	VERB
er-2791	68	12	in	in	ADP
er-2791	68	13	these	these	DET
er-2791	68	14	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	68	15	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	68	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	69	1	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	69	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	69	3	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	69	4	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	69	5	for	for	ADP
er-2791	69	6	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	69	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	69	8	17	17	NUM
er-2791	69	9	each	each	DET
er-2791	69	10	year	year	NOUN
er-2791	69	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	69	12	mwu	mwu	PROPN
er-2791	69	13	department	department	PROPN
er-2791	69	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	69	15	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	69	16	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
er-2791	69	17	holds	hold	VERB
er-2791	69	18	a	a	DET
er-2791	69	19	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	69	20	retreat	retreat	NOUN
er-2791	69	21	where	where	SCONJ
er-2791	69	22	members	member	NOUN
er-2791	69	23	of	of	ADP
er-2791	69	24	the	the	DET
er-2791	69	25	entire	entire	ADJ
er-2791	69	26	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	69	27	come	come	VERB
er-2791	69	28	together	together	ADV
er-2791	69	29	to	to	PART
er-2791	69	30	share	share	VERB
er-2791	69	31	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	69	32	reports	report	NOUN
er-2791	69	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	69	34	research	research	NOUN
er-2791	69	35	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	69	36	legislative	legislative	ADJ
er-2791	69	37	updates	update	NOUN
er-2791	69	38	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	69	39	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	69	40	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	69	41	goals	goal	NOUN
er-2791	69	42	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	70	1	at	at	ADP
er-2791	70	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	70	3	spring	spring	NOUN
er-2791	70	4	2014	2014	NUM
er-2791	70	5	retreat	retreat	NOUN
er-2791	70	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	70	7	members	member	NOUN
er-2791	70	8	reviewed	review	VERB
er-2791	70	9	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	70	10	discussed	discuss	VERB
er-2791	70	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	70	12	implications	implication	NOUN
er-2791	70	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	70	14	an	an	DET
er-2791	70	15	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	70	16	bill	bill	NOUN
er-2791	70	17	recently	recently	ADV
er-2791	70	18	approved	approve	VERB
er-2791	70	19	by	by	ADP
er-2791	70	20	state	state	NOUN
er-2791	70	21	legislators	legislator	NOUN
er-2791	70	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	71	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	71	2	bill	bill	NOUN
er-2791	71	3	requires	require	VERB
er-2791	71	4	higher	high	ADJ
er-2791	71	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	71	6	to	to	PART
er-2791	71	7	identify	identify	VERB
er-2791	71	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	71	9	reduce	reduce	VERB
er-2791	71	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	71	11	use	use	NOUN
er-2791	71	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	71	13	methods	method	NOUN
er-2791	71	14	shown	show	VERB
er-2791	71	15	to	to	PART
er-2791	71	16	be	be	AUX
er-2791	71	17	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
er-2791	71	18	in	in	ADP
er-2791	71	19	supporting	support	VERB
er-2791	71	20	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	71	21	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	71	22	that	that	PRON
er-2791	71	23	delay	delay	NOUN
er-2791	71	24	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	71	25	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	71	26	in	in	ADP
er-2791	71	27	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	71	28	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	71	29	bearing	bear	VERB
er-2791	71	30	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	71	31	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	72	1	best	good	ADJ
er-2791	72	2	practices	practice	NOUN
er-2791	72	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	72	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	72	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	72	6	were	be	AUX
er-2791	72	7	discussed	discuss	VERB
er-2791	72	8	at	at	ADP
er-2791	72	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	72	10	spring	spring	NOUN
er-2791	72	11	retreat	retreat	NOUN
er-2791	72	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	72	13	ideas	idea	NOUN
er-2791	72	14	for	for	ADP
er-2791	72	15	improvement	improvement	NOUN
er-2791	72	16	were	be	AUX
er-2791	72	17	shared	share	VERB
er-2791	72	18	among	among	ADP
er-2791	72	19	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	72	20	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	72	21	staff	staff	NOUN
er-2791	72	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	73	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	73	2	an	an	DET
er-2791	73	3	attempt	attempt	NOUN
er-2791	73	4	to	to	PART
er-2791	73	5	meet	meet	VERB
er-2791	73	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	73	7	expectations	expectation	NOUN
er-2791	73	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	73	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	73	10	state	state	NOUN
er-2791	73	11	bill	bill	NOUN
er-2791	73	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	73	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	73	14	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	73	15	vision	vision	NOUN
er-2791	73	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	73	17	improve	improve	VERB
er-2791	73	18	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	73	19	rates	rate	NOUN
er-2791	73	20	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	73	21	members	member	NOUN
er-2791	73	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	73	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	73	24	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	73	25	agreed	agree	VERB
er-2791	73	26	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	73	27	steps	step	NOUN
er-2791	73	28	should	should	AUX
er-2791	73	29	be	be	AUX
er-2791	73	30	taken	take	VERB
er-2791	73	31	to	to	PART
er-2791	73	32	reduce	reduce	VERB
er-2791	73	33	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	73	34	to	to	ADP
er-2791	73	35	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	73	36	by	by	ADP
er-2791	73	37	decreasing	decrease	VERB
er-2791	73	38	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	73	39	spent	spend	VERB
er-2791	73	40	in	in	ADP
er-2791	73	41	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	73	42	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	73	43	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	73	44	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	74	1	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	74	2	advisors	advisor	NOUN
er-2791	74	3	identified	identify	VERB
er-2791	74	4	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	74	5	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	74	6	as	as	ADP
er-2791	74	7	having	have	VERB
er-2791	74	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	74	9	least	least	ADJ
er-2791	74	10	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	74	11	for	for	ADP
er-2791	74	12	elective	elective	ADJ
er-2791	74	13	credits	credit	NOUN
er-2791	74	14	in	in	ADP
er-2791	74	15	the	the	DET
er-2791	74	16	current	current	ADJ
er-2791	74	17	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	74	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	74	19	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	74	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	75	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	75	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	75	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	75	4	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	75	5	state	state	NOUN
er-2791	75	6	level	level	NOUN
er-2791	75	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	75	8	certification	certification	NOUN
er-2791	75	9	rules	rule	NOUN
er-2791	75	10	require	require	VERB
er-2791	75	11	all	all	DET
er-2791	75	12	prospective	prospective	ADJ
er-2791	75	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	75	14	to	to	PART
er-2791	75	15	pass	pass	VERB
er-2791	75	16	a	a	DET
er-2791	75	17	series	series	NOUN
er-2791	75	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	75	19	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
er-2791	75	20	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	75	21	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	75	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	75	23	first	first	ADJ
er-2791	75	24	of	of	ADP
er-2791	75	25	which	which	PRON
er-2791	75	26	is	be	AUX
er-2791	75	27	an	an	DET
er-2791	75	28	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	75	29	of	of	ADP
er-2791	75	30	general	general	ADJ
er-2791	75	31	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	75	32	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	75	33	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	75	34	skills	skill	NOUN
er-2791	75	35	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	76	1	initial	initial	ADJ
er-2791	76	2	pass	pass	NOUN
er-2791	76	3	rates	rate	NOUN
er-2791	76	4	for	for	ADP
er-2791	76	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	76	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	76	7	portion	portion	NOUN
er-2791	76	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	76	9	this	this	DET
er-2791	76	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	76	11	were	be	AUX
er-2791	76	12	very	very	ADV
er-2791	76	13	low	low	ADJ
er-2791	76	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	77	1	these	these	DET
er-2791	77	2	two	two	NUM
er-2791	77	3	factors	factor	NOUN
er-2791	77	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	77	5	along	along	ADP
er-2791	77	6	with	with	ADP
er-2791	77	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	77	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	77	9	that	that	PRON
er-2791	77	10	preservice	preservice	NOUN
er-2791	77	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	77	12	maintain	maintain	VERB
er-2791	77	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	77	14	highest	high	ADJ
er-2791	77	15	levels	level	NOUN
er-2791	77	16	of	of	ADP
er-2791	77	17	math	math	NOUN
er-2791	77	18	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	77	19	compared	compare	VERB
er-2791	77	20	to	to	ADP
er-2791	77	21	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	77	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	77	23	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	77	24	undergraduate	undergraduate	NOUN
er-2791	77	25	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	77	26	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	77	27	gresham	gresham	NOUN
er-2791	77	28	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	77	29	2007	2007	NUM
er-2791	77	30	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	77	31	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	77	32	led	lead	VERB
er-2791	77	33	to	to	ADP
er-2791	77	34	the	the	DET
er-2791	77	35	suggestion	suggestion	NOUN
er-2791	77	36	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	77	37	a	a	DET
er-2791	77	38	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	77	39	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	77	40	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	77	41	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	77	42	be	be	AUX
er-2791	77	43	implemented	implement	VERB
er-2791	77	44	for	for	ADP
er-2791	77	45	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	77	46	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	77	47	to	to	PART
er-2791	77	48	provide	provide	VERB
er-2791	77	49	these	these	DET
er-2791	77	50	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	77	51	with	with	ADP
er-2791	77	52	a	a	DET
er-2791	77	53	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	77	54	pathway	pathway	NOUN
er-2791	77	55	through	through	ADP
er-2791	77	56	their	their	PRON
er-2791	77	57	required	require	VERB
er-2791	77	58	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	77	59	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	77	60	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	77	61	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	77	62	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	77	63	reducing	reduce	VERB
er-2791	77	64	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	77	65	to	to	ADP
er-2791	77	66	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	77	67	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	77	68	alleviating	alleviate	VERB
er-2791	77	69	financial	financial	ADJ
er-2791	77	70	burdens	burden	NOUN
er-2791	77	71	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	78	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	78	2	next	next	ADJ
er-2791	78	3	step	step	NOUN
er-2791	78	4	was	be	AUX
er-2791	78	5	for	for	SCONJ
er-2791	78	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	78	7	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	78	8	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
er-2791	78	9	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	78	10	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	78	11	coordinator	coordinator	NOUN
er-2791	78	12	to	to	PART
er-2791	78	13	consult	consult	VERB
er-2791	78	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	78	15	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	78	16	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	78	17	coordinator	coordinator	NOUN
er-2791	78	18	in	in	ADP
er-2791	78	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	78	20	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	78	21	of	of	ADP
er-2791	78	22	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	78	23	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	78	24	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	78	25	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	78	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	79	1	though	though	SCONJ
er-2791	79	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	79	3	two	two	NUM
er-2791	79	4	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	79	5	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	79	6	had	have	AUX
er-2791	79	7	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
er-2791	79	8	worked	work	VERB
er-2791	79	9	together	together	ADV
er-2791	79	10	to	to	PART
er-2791	79	11	ensure	ensure	VERB
er-2791	79	12	curricular	curricular	ADJ
er-2791	79	13	alignment	alignment	NOUN
er-2791	79	14	from	from	ADP
er-2791	79	15	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	79	16	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	79	17	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	79	18	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	79	19	to	to	PART
er-2791	79	20	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	79	21	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	79	22	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	79	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	79	24	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	79	25	had	have	AUX
er-2791	79	26	not	not	PART
er-2791	79	27	worked	work	VERB
er-2791	79	28	collaboratively	collaboratively	ADV
er-2791	79	29	on	on	ADP
er-2791	79	30	such	such	DET
er-2791	79	31	a	a	DET
er-2791	79	32	huge	huge	ADJ
er-2791	79	33	project	project	NOUN
er-2791	79	34	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	80	1	changing	change	VERB
er-2791	80	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	80	3	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	80	4	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	80	5	would	would	AUX
er-2791	80	6	have	have	VERB
er-2791	80	7	an	an	DET
er-2791	80	8	impact	impact	NOUN
er-2791	80	9	on	on	ADP
er-2791	80	10	both	both	DET
er-2791	80	11	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	80	12	so	so	SCONJ
er-2791	80	13	it	it	PRON
er-2791	80	14	was	be	AUX
er-2791	80	15	imperative	imperative	ADJ
er-2791	80	16	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	80	17	both	both	DET
er-2791	80	18	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	80	19	contribute	contribute	VERB
er-2791	80	20	to	to	ADP
er-2791	80	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	80	22	foundation	foundation	NOUN
er-2791	80	23	of	of	ADP
er-2791	80	24	this	this	DET
er-2791	80	25	project	project	NOUN
er-2791	80	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	81	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	81	2	department	department	PROPN
er-2791	81	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	81	4	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	81	5	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	81	6	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	81	7	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	81	8	offers	offer	VERB
er-2791	81	9	several	several	ADJ
er-2791	81	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	81	11	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	81	12	that	that	PRON
er-2791	81	13	fulfill	fulfill	VERB
er-2791	81	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	81	15	general	general	ADJ
er-2791	81	16	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	81	17	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	81	18	requirement	requirement	NOUN
er-2791	81	19	at	at	ADP
er-2791	81	20	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	81	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	82	1	it	it	PRON
er-2791	82	2	was	be	AUX
er-2791	82	3	agreed	agree	VERB
er-2791	82	4	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	82	5	a	a	DET
er-2791	82	6	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	82	7	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	82	8	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	82	9	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	82	10	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	82	11	would	would	AUX
er-2791	82	12	be	be	AUX
er-2791	82	13	paired	pair	VERB
er-2791	82	14	with	with	ADP
er-2791	82	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	82	16	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	82	17	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	82	18	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	82	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	83	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	83	2	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	83	3	is	be	AUX
er-2791	83	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	83	5	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	83	6	survey	survey	NOUN
er-2791	83	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	83	8	focused	focus	VERB
er-2791	83	9	on	on	ADP
er-2791	83	10	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
er-2791	83	11	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
er-2791	83	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	84	1	topics	topic	NOUN
er-2791	84	2	in	in	ADP
er-2791	84	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	84	4	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	84	5	include	include	VERB
er-2791	84	6	set	set	VERB
er-2791	84	7	theory	theory	NOUN
er-2791	84	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	9	statistics	statistic	NOUN
er-2791	84	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	11	probability	probability	NOUN
er-2791	84	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	13	measurement	measurement	NOUN
er-2791	84	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	84	16	geometry	geometry	NOUN
er-2791	84	17	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	84	19	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	84	20	are	be	AUX
er-2791	84	21	assessed	assess	VERB
er-2791	84	22	through	through	ADP
er-2791	84	23	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	84	24	assignments	assignment	NOUN
er-2791	84	25	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	26	projects	project	NOUN
er-2791	84	27	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	84	28	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	84	29	tests	test	NOUN
er-2791	84	30	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	85	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	85	2	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	85	3	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	85	4	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	85	5	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	85	6	is	be	AUX
er-2791	85	7	required	require	VERB
er-2791	85	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	85	9	all	all	DET
er-2791	85	10	mwu	mwu	PROPN
er-2791	85	11	elementary	elementary	NOUN
er-2791	85	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	85	13	middle	middle	ADJ
er-2791	85	14	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	85	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	85	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	85	17	special	special	ADJ
er-2791	85	18	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	85	19	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	85	20	because	because	SCONJ
er-2791	85	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	85	22	topics	topic	NOUN
er-2791	85	23	studied	study	VERB
er-2791	85	24	are	be	AUX
er-2791	85	25	more	more	ADV
er-2791	85	26	relevant	relevant	ADJ
er-2791	85	27	to	to	ADP
er-2791	85	28	future	future	ADJ
er-2791	85	29	educators	educator	NOUN
er-2791	85	30	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	86	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	86	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	86	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	86	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	86	5	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	86	6	is	be	AUX
er-2791	86	7	a	a	DET
er-2791	86	8	popular	popular	ADJ
er-2791	86	9	general	general	ADJ
er-2791	86	10	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	86	11	option	option	NOUN
er-2791	86	12	for	for	ADP
er-2791	86	13	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	86	14	in	in	ADP
er-2791	86	15	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	86	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	86	17	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	86	18	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	86	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	87	1	historically	historically	ADV
er-2791	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	87	3	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	87	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	87	5	had	have	AUX
er-2791	87	6	been	be	AUX
er-2791	87	7	one	one	NUM
er-2791	87	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	87	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	87	10	general	general	ADJ
er-2791	87	11	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	87	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	87	13	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	87	14	for	for	SCONJ
er-2791	87	15	which	which	DET
er-2791	87	16	introduction	introduction	NOUN
er-2791	87	17	to	to	ADP
er-2791	87	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
er-2791	87	19	was	be	AUX
er-2791	87	20	required	require	VERB
er-2791	87	21	as	as	ADP
er-2791	87	22	a	a	DET
er-2791	87	23	pre	pre	NOUN
er-2791	87	24	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	87	25	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	87	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	88	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	88	2	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	88	3	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	88	4	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	88	5	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	88	6	for	for	ADP
er-2791	88	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	88	8	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	88	9	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	88	10	was	be	AUX
er-2791	88	11	piloted	pilot	VERB
er-2791	88	12	over	over	ADP
er-2791	88	13	four	four	NUM
er-2791	88	14	semesters	semester	NOUN
er-2791	88	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	88	16	beginning	begin	VERB
er-2791	88	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	88	18	fall	fall	NOUN
er-2791	88	19	2014	2014	NUM
er-2791	88	20	semester	semester	NOUN
er-2791	88	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	89	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	89	2	who	who	PRON
er-2791	89	3	did	do	AUX
er-2791	89	4	not	not	PART
er-2791	89	5	meet	meet	VERB
er-2791	89	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	89	7	required	require	VERB
er-2791	89	8	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	89	9	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	89	10	placement	placement	NOUN
er-2791	89	11	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	89	13	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	89	14	did	do	AUX
er-2791	89	15	not	not	PART
er-2791	89	16	have	have	VERB
er-2791	89	17	a	a	DET
er-2791	89	18	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	89	19	on	on	ADP
er-2791	89	20	file	file	NOUN
er-2791	89	21	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	89	22	were	be	AUX
er-2791	89	23	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	89	24	in	in	ADP
er-2791	89	25	a	a	DET
er-2791	89	26	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	89	27	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	89	28	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	89	29	carrying	carry	VERB
er-2791	89	30	three	three	NUM
er-2791	89	31	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	89	32	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	89	33	hours	hour	NOUN
er-2791	89	34	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	89	35	meeting	meet	VERB
er-2791	89	36	on	on	ADP
er-2791	89	37	monday	monday	PROPN
er-2791	89	38	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	89	39	wednesday	wednesday	PROPN
er-2791	89	40	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	89	41	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	89	42	friday	friday	PROPN
er-2791	89	43	each	each	DET
er-2791	89	44	week	week	NOUN
er-2791	89	45	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	90	1	these	these	DET
er-2791	90	2	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	90	3	were	be	AUX
er-2791	90	4	also	also	ADV
er-2791	90	5	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	90	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	90	7	a	a	DET
er-2791	90	8	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	90	9	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	90	10	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	90	11	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	90	12	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	90	13	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	90	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	90	15	carrying	carry	VERB
er-2791	90	16	two	two	NUM
er-2791	90	17	elective	elective	ADJ
er-2791	90	18	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	90	19	hours	hour	NOUN
er-2791	90	20	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	90	21	meeting	meet	VERB
er-2791	90	22	on	on	ADP
er-2791	90	23	tuesday	tuesday	PROPN
er-2791	90	24	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	90	25	thursday	thursday	PROPN
er-2791	90	26	of	of	ADP
er-2791	90	27	each	each	DET
er-2791	90	28	week	week	NOUN
er-2791	90	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	91	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	91	2	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	91	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	91	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	91	5	dml	dml	NOUN
er-2791	91	6	received	receive	VERB
er-2791	91	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	91	8	instruction	instruction	NOUN
er-2791	91	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	91	10	18	18	NUM
er-2791	91	11	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	91	12	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	91	13	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	91	14	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	91	15	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	91	16	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	91	17	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	91	18	alongside	alongside	ADP
er-2791	91	19	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	91	20	who	who	PRON
er-2791	91	21	met	meet	VERB
er-2791	91	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	91	23	recommended	recommend	VERB
er-2791	91	24	placement	placement	NOUN
er-2791	91	25	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	91	26	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	91	27	in	in	ADP
er-2791	91	28	the	the	DET
er-2791	91	29	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	91	30	specific	specific	ADJ
er-2791	91	31	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	91	32	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	91	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	92	1	just	just	ADV
er-2791	92	2	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	92	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	92	4	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	92	5	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	92	6	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	92	7	support	support	NOUN
er-2791	92	8	was	be	AUX
er-2791	92	9	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	92	10	through	through	ADP
er-2791	92	11	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	92	12	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	92	13	centered	center	VERB
er-2791	92	14	activities	activity	NOUN
er-2791	92	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	92	16	tasks	task	NOUN
er-2791	92	17	in	in	ADP
er-2791	92	18	the	the	DET
er-2791	92	19	co	co	NOUN
er-2791	92	20	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	92	21	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	92	22	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	92	23	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	92	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	93	1	for	for	SCONJ
er-2791	93	2	this	this	PRON
er-2791	93	3	to	to	PART
er-2791	93	4	be	be	AUX
er-2791	93	5	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	93	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	93	7	instructors	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	93	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	93	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	93	10	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	93	11	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	93	12	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	93	13	shared	share	VERB
er-2791	93	14	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	93	15	objectives	objective	NOUN
er-2791	93	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	93	17	syllabi	syllabus	NOUN
er-2791	93	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	93	19	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	93	20	instructional	instructional	ADJ
er-2791	93	21	schedules	schedule	NOUN
er-2791	93	22	with	with	ADP
er-2791	93	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	93	24	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	93	25	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	93	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	94	1	this	this	PRON
er-2791	94	2	allowed	allow	VERB
er-2791	94	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	94	4	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	94	5	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	94	6	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	94	7	to	to	PART
er-2791	94	8	plan	plan	VERB
er-2791	94	9	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
er-2791	94	10	activities	activity	NOUN
er-2791	94	11	that	that	PRON
er-2791	94	12	would	would	AUX
er-2791	94	13	align	align	VERB
er-2791	94	14	with	with	ADP
er-2791	94	15	the	the	DET
er-2791	94	16	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	94	17	covered	cover	VERB
er-2791	94	18	in	in	ADP
er-2791	94	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	94	20	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	94	21	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	94	22	at	at	ADP
er-2791	94	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	94	24	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
er-2791	94	25	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	94	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	95	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	95	2	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	95	3	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	95	4	was	be	AUX
er-2791	95	5	able	able	ADJ
er-2791	95	6	to	to	PART
er-2791	95	7	identify	identify	VERB
er-2791	95	8	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	95	9	prior	prior	ADJ
er-2791	95	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	95	11	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	95	12	implement	implement	VERB
er-2791	95	13	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	95	14	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	95	15	teaching	teaching	ADJ
er-2791	95	16	tasks	task	NOUN
er-2791	95	17	to	to	PART
er-2791	95	18	prepare	prepare	VERB
er-2791	95	19	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	95	20	for	for	ADP
er-2791	95	21	instruction	instruction	NOUN
er-2791	95	22	received	receive	VERB
er-2791	95	23	in	in	ADP
er-2791	95	24	the	the	DET
er-2791	95	25	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	95	26	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	95	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	96	1	if	if	SCONJ
er-2791	96	2	a	a	DET
er-2791	96	3	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	96	4	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	96	5	needed	need	VERB
er-2791	96	6	to	to	PART
er-2791	96	7	alter	alter	VERB
er-2791	96	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	96	9	schedule	schedule	NOUN
er-2791	96	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	96	11	he	he	PRON
er-2791	96	12	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	96	13	she	she	PRON
er-2791	96	14	simply	simply	ADV
er-2791	96	15	sent	send	VERB
er-2791	96	16	a	a	DET
er-2791	96	17	short	short	ADJ
er-2791	96	18	email	email	NOUN
er-2791	96	19	notifying	notify	VERB
er-2791	96	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	96	21	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	96	22	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	96	23	so	so	SCONJ
er-2791	96	24	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	96	25	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
er-2791	96	26	could	could	AUX
er-2791	96	27	be	be	AUX
er-2791	96	28	made	make	VERB
er-2791	96	29	prior	prior	ADV
er-2791	96	30	to	to	ADP
er-2791	96	31	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	96	32	meetings	meeting	NOUN
er-2791	96	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	97	1	co	co	VERB
er-2791	97	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	97	3	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	97	4	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	97	5	description	description	NOUN
er-2791	97	6	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	97	7	example	example	NOUN
er-2791	97	8	activities	activity	NOUN
er-2791	97	9	in	in	ADP
er-2791	97	10	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	97	11	to	to	ADP
er-2791	97	12	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	97	13	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
er-2791	97	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	97	15	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	97	16	with	with	ADP
er-2791	97	17	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	97	18	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	97	19	deal	deal	VERB
er-2791	97	20	with	with	ADP
er-2791	97	21	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	97	22	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	97	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	97	24	low	low	ADJ
er-2791	97	25	self	self	NOUN
er-2791	97	26	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	97	27	esteem	esteem	NOUN
er-2791	97	28	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	97	29	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	97	30	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	97	31	management	management	NOUN
er-2791	97	32	troubles	trouble	NOUN
er-2791	97	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	97	34	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	97	35	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	97	36	non	non	ADJ
er-2791	97	37	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	97	38	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
er-2791	97	39	issues	issue	NOUN
er-2791	97	40	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	98	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	98	2	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	98	3	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	98	4	was	be	AUX
er-2791	98	5	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	98	6	to	to	PART
er-2791	98	7	address	address	VERB
er-2791	98	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	98	9	social	social	ADJ
er-2791	98	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	98	11	emotional	emotional	ADJ
er-2791	98	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	98	13	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
er-2791	98	14	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	98	15	of	of	ADP
er-2791	98	16	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	98	17	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	98	18	supporting	support	VERB
er-2791	98	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	98	20	development	development	NOUN
er-2791	98	21	of	of	ADP
er-2791	98	22	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	98	23	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
er-2791	98	24	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	98	25	procedural	procedural	ADJ
er-2791	98	26	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	98	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	98	28	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	99	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	99	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	99	3	to	to	ADP
er-2791	99	4	helping	help	VERB
er-2791	99	5	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	99	6	develop	develop	VERB
er-2791	99	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
er-2791	99	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	99	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	99	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	99	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
er-2791	99	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	99	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	99	14	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	99	15	served	serve	VERB
er-2791	99	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	99	17	provide	provide	VERB
er-2791	99	18	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	99	19	with	with	ADP
er-2791	99	20	materials	material	NOUN
er-2791	99	21	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	99	22	tools	tool	NOUN
er-2791	99	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	99	24	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	99	25	resources	resource	NOUN
er-2791	99	26	for	for	ADP
er-2791	99	27	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	99	28	in	in	ADP
er-2791	99	29	the	the	DET
er-2791	99	30	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	99	31	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	99	32	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	99	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	99	34	in	in	ADP
er-2791	99	35	a	a	DET
er-2791	99	36	broader	broad	ADJ
er-2791	99	37	sense	sense	NOUN
er-2791	99	38	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	99	39	in	in	ADP
er-2791	99	40	all	all	DET
er-2791	99	41	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	99	42	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	99	43	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	99	44	experiences	experience	NOUN
er-2791	99	45	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	100	1	because	because	SCONJ
er-2791	100	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	100	3	who	who	PRON
er-2791	100	4	suffer	suffer	VERB
er-2791	100	5	from	from	ADP
er-2791	100	6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	100	7	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	100	8	unintentionally	unintentionally	ADV
er-2791	100	9	transmit	transmit	VERB
er-2791	100	10	their	their	PRON
er-2791	100	11	fears	fear	NOUN
er-2791	100	12	to	to	ADP
er-2791	100	13	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	100	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	100	15	rely	rely	VERB
er-2791	100	16	on	on	ADP
er-2791	100	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	100	18	methods	method	NOUN
er-2791	100	19	of	of	ADP
er-2791	100	20	instruction	instruction	NOUN
er-2791	100	21	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	100	22	focusing	focus	VERB
er-2791	100	23	on	on	ADP
er-2791	100	24	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
er-2791	100	25	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	100	26	expecting	expect	VERB
er-2791	100	27	seatwork	seatwork	NOUN
er-2791	100	28	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	100	29	relying	rely	VERB
er-2791	100	30	on	on	ADP
er-2791	100	31	lectures	lecture	NOUN
er-2791	100	32	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	100	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	100	34	the	the	DET
er-2791	100	35	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	100	36	also	also	ADV
er-2791	100	37	served	serve	VERB
er-2791	100	38	to	to	PART
er-2791	100	39	expose	expose	VERB
er-2791	100	40	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	100	41	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	100	42	to	to	ADP
er-2791	100	43	a	a	DET
er-2791	100	44	variety	variety	NOUN
er-2791	100	45	of	of	ADP
er-2791	100	46	instructional	instructional	ADJ
er-2791	100	47	strategies	strategy	NOUN
er-2791	100	48	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
er-2791	100	49	for	for	ADP
er-2791	100	50	use	use	NOUN
er-2791	100	51	in	in	ADP
er-2791	100	52	future	future	ADJ
er-2791	100	53	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
er-2791	100	54	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	100	55	aslan	aslan	PROPN
er-2791	100	56	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	100	57	2013	2013	NUM
er-2791	100	58	;	;	PUNCT
er-2791	100	59	bekdemir	bekdemir	NOUN
er-2791	100	60	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	100	61	2010	2010	NUM
er-2791	100	62	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	100	63	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	101	1	though	though	SCONJ
er-2791	101	2	there	there	PRON
er-2791	101	3	were	be	VERB
er-2791	101	4	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	101	5	areas	area	NOUN
er-2791	101	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	101	7	importance	importance	NOUN
er-2791	101	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	101	9	instructional	instructional	ADJ
er-2791	101	10	activities	activity	NOUN
er-2791	101	11	in	in	ADP
er-2791	101	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	101	13	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	101	14	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	101	15	focused	focus	VERB
er-2791	101	16	heavily	heavily	ADV
er-2791	101	17	on	on	ADP
er-2791	101	18	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	101	19	language	language	NOUN
er-2791	101	20	development	development	NOUN
er-2791	101	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	102	1	stahl	stahl	PROPN
er-2791	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	102	3	simpson	simpson	PROPN
er-2791	102	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	102	5	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	102	6	hayes	hayes	PROPN
er-2791	102	7	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	102	8	1992	1992	NUM
er-2791	102	9	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	102	10	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
er-2791	102	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	102	12	importance	importance	NOUN
er-2791	102	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	102	14	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	102	15	ability	ability	NOUN
er-2791	102	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	102	17	understand	understand	VERB
er-2791	102	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	102	19	use	use	VERB
er-2791	102	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	102	21	language	language	NOUN
er-2791	102	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	102	23	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	102	24	including	include	VERB
er-2791	102	25	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	102	26	symbols	symbol	NOUN
er-2791	102	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	103	1	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	103	2	ability	ability	NOUN
er-2791	103	3	to	to	PART
er-2791	103	4	draw	draw	VERB
er-2791	103	5	from	from	ADP
er-2791	103	6	multiple	multiple	ADJ
er-2791	103	7	definitions	definition	NOUN
er-2791	103	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	103	9	examples	example	NOUN
er-2791	103	10	including	include	VERB
er-2791	103	11	synonyms	synonym	NOUN
er-2791	103	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	103	13	antonyms	antonyms	PROPN
er-2791	103	14	is	be	AUX
er-2791	103	15	vital	vital	ADJ
er-2791	103	16	for	for	ADP
er-2791	103	17	effective	effective	ADJ
er-2791	103	18	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	103	19	in	in	ADP
er-2791	103	20	current	current	ADJ
er-2791	103	21	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	103	22	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	103	23	for	for	ADP
er-2791	103	24	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	103	25	in	in	ADP
er-2791	103	26	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
er-2791	103	27	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	103	28	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	104	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	104	2	this	this	DET
er-2791	104	3	reason	reason	NOUN
er-2791	104	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	104	5	each	each	DET
er-2791	104	6	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	104	7	unit	unit	NOUN
er-2791	104	8	was	be	AUX
er-2791	104	9	introduced	introduce	VERB
er-2791	104	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	104	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	104	12	dml	dml	NOUN
er-2791	104	13	by	by	ADP
er-2791	104	14	focusing	focus	VERB
er-2791	104	15	on	on	ADP
er-2791	104	16	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
er-2791	104	17	fluency	fluency	NOUN
er-2791	104	18	through	through	ADP
er-2791	104	19	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	104	20	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	104	21	centered	center	VERB
er-2791	104	22	activities	activity	NOUN
er-2791	104	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	105	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	105	2	example	example	NOUN
er-2791	105	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	105	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	105	5	unit	unit	NOUN
er-2791	105	6	on	on	ADP
er-2791	105	7	geometry	geometry	NOUN
er-2791	105	8	was	be	AUX
er-2791	105	9	introduced	introduce	VERB
er-2791	105	10	first	first	ADV
er-2791	105	11	by	by	ADP
er-2791	105	12	establishing	establish	VERB
er-2791	105	13	definitions	definition	NOUN
er-2791	105	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	105	15	specific	specific	ADJ
er-2791	105	16	terms	term	NOUN
er-2791	105	17	that	that	PRON
er-2791	105	18	would	would	AUX
er-2791	105	19	be	be	AUX
er-2791	105	20	used	use	VERB
er-2791	105	21	throughout	throughout	ADP
er-2791	105	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	105	23	unit	unit	NOUN
er-2791	105	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	106	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	106	2	were	be	AUX
er-2791	106	3	given	give	VERB
er-2791	106	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	106	5	list	list	NOUN
er-2791	106	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	106	7	important	important	ADJ
er-2791	106	8	terms	term	NOUN
er-2791	106	9	along	along	ADP
er-2791	106	10	with	with	ADP
er-2791	106	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	106	12	textbook	textbook	NOUN
er-2791	106	13	definition	definition	NOUN
er-2791	106	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	106	15	each	each	DET
er-2791	106	16	term	term	NOUN
er-2791	106	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	107	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	107	2	small	small	ADJ
er-2791	107	3	groups	group	NOUN
er-2791	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	107	5	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	107	6	worked	work	VERB
er-2791	107	7	together	together	ADV
er-2791	107	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	107	9	develop	develop	VERB
er-2791	107	10	their	their	PRON
er-2791	107	11	own	own	ADJ
er-2791	107	12	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
er-2791	107	13	definitions	definition	NOUN
er-2791	107	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	107	15	these	these	DET
er-2791	107	16	terms	term	NOUN
er-2791	107	17	so	so	SCONJ
er-2791	107	18	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	107	19	they	they	PRON
er-2791	107	20	could	could	AUX
er-2791	107	21	personalize	personalize	VERB
er-2791	107	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	107	23	definitions	definition	NOUN
er-2791	107	24	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	107	25	make	make	VERB
er-2791	107	26	connections	connection	NOUN
er-2791	107	27	to	to	ADP
er-2791	107	28	their	their	PRON
er-2791	107	29	own	own	ADJ
er-2791	107	30	prior	prior	ADJ
er-2791	107	31	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	107	32	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	107	33	experiences	experience	NOUN
er-2791	107	34	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	108	1	finally	finally	ADV
er-2791	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	108	3	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	108	4	were	be	AUX
er-2791	108	5	asked	ask	VERB
er-2791	108	6	to	to	PART
er-2791	108	7	take	take	VERB
er-2791	108	8	photos	photo	NOUN
er-2791	108	9	of	of	ADP
er-2791	108	10	objects	object	NOUN
er-2791	108	11	representing	represent	VERB
er-2791	108	12	each	each	DET
er-2791	108	13	term	term	NOUN
er-2791	108	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	108	15	to	to	PART
er-2791	108	16	share	share	VERB
er-2791	108	17	with	with	ADP
er-2791	108	18	the	the	DET
er-2791	108	19	class	class	NOUN
er-2791	108	20	their	their	PRON
er-2791	108	21	reasons	reason	NOUN
er-2791	108	22	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	108	23	justification	justification	NOUN
er-2791	108	24	for	for	ADP
er-2791	108	25	selecting	select	VERB
er-2791	108	26	the	the	DET
er-2791	108	27	objects	object	NOUN
er-2791	108	28	photographed	photograph	VERB
er-2791	108	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	109	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	109	2	activity	activity	NOUN
er-2791	109	3	allowed	allow	VERB
er-2791	109	4	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	109	5	to	to	PART
er-2791	109	6	personalize	personalize	VERB
er-2791	109	7	their	their	PRON
er-2791	109	8	learning	learning	NOUN
er-2791	109	9	of	of	ADP
er-2791	109	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	109	11	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
er-2791	109	12	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	109	13	building	build	VERB
er-2791	109	14	an	an	DET
er-2791	109	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
er-2791	109	16	of	of	ADP
er-2791	109	17	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	109	18	language	language	NOUN
er-2791	109	19	through	through	ADP
er-2791	109	20	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	109	21	with	with	ADP
er-2791	109	22	classmates	classmate	NOUN
er-2791	109	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	110	1	allowing	allow	VERB
er-2791	110	2	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	110	3	to	to	PART
er-2791	110	4	work	work	VERB
er-2791	110	5	collaboratively	collaboratively	ADV
er-2791	110	6	promotes	promote	VERB
er-2791	110	7	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	110	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	110	9	a	a	DET
er-2791	110	10	non	non	ADJ
er-2791	110	11	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	110	12	threatening	threatening	ADJ
er-2791	110	13	situation	situation	NOUN
er-2791	110	14	where	where	SCONJ
er-2791	110	15	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	110	16	can	can	AUX
er-2791	110	17	receive	receive	VERB
er-2791	110	18	feedback	feedback	NOUN
er-2791	110	19	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	110	20	accept	accept	VERB
er-2791	110	21	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
er-2791	110	22	for	for	ADP
er-2791	110	23	their	their	PRON
er-2791	110	24	learning	learning	NOUN
er-2791	110	25	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	110	26	osterholt	osterholt	NOUN
er-2791	110	27	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	110	28	barratt	barratt	PROPN
er-2791	110	29	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	110	30	2010	2010	NUM
er-2791	110	31	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	110	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	111	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	111	2	example	example	NOUN
er-2791	111	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	111	4	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	111	5	completing	complete	VERB
er-2791	111	6	a	a	DET
er-2791	111	7	lesson	lesson	NOUN
er-2791	111	8	on	on	ADP
er-2791	111	9	probability	probability	NOUN
er-2791	111	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	111	11	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	111	12	were	be	AUX
er-2791	111	13	randomly	randomly	ADV
er-2791	111	14	placed	place	VERB
er-2791	111	15	into	into	ADP
er-2791	111	16	small	small	ADJ
er-2791	111	17	groups	group	NOUN
er-2791	111	18	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	111	19	each	each	DET
er-2791	111	20	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	111	21	was	be	AUX
er-2791	111	22	randomly	randomly	ADV
er-2791	111	23	assigned	assign	VERB
er-2791	111	24	a	a	DET
er-2791	111	25	specific	specific	ADJ
er-2791	111	26	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
er-2791	111	27	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	111	28	driver	driver	NOUN
er-2791	111	29	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	111	30	recorder	recorder	NOUN
er-2791	111	31	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	111	32	starter	starter	NOUN
er-2791	111	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	111	34	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	111	35	judge	judge	NOUN
er-2791	111	36	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	111	37	within	within	ADP
er-2791	111	38	the	the	DET
er-2791	111	39	group	group	NOUN
er-2791	111	40	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	112	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	112	2	task	task	NOUN
er-2791	112	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	112	4	each	each	DET
er-2791	112	5	group	group	NOUN
er-2791	112	6	was	be	AUX
er-2791	112	7	to	to	AUX
er-2791	112	8	co	co	VERB
er-2791	112	9	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	112	10	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	112	11	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	112	12	for	for	ADP
er-2791	112	13	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	112	14	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	112	15	19	19	NUM
er-2791	112	16	participate	participate	NOUN
er-2791	112	17	in	in	ADP
er-2791	112	18	a	a	DET
er-2791	112	19	remote	remote	ADJ
er-2791	112	20	control	control	NOUN
er-2791	112	21	car	car	NOUN
er-2791	112	22	race	race	NOUN
er-2791	112	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	112	24	in	in	ADP
er-2791	112	25	order	order	NOUN
er-2791	112	26	to	to	PART
er-2791	112	27	collect	collect	VERB
er-2791	112	28	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	112	29	that	that	PRON
er-2791	112	30	would	would	AUX
er-2791	112	31	later	later	ADV
er-2791	112	32	be	be	AUX
er-2791	112	33	used	use	VERB
er-2791	112	34	to	to	PART
er-2791	112	35	investigate	investigate	VERB
er-2791	112	36	the	the	DET
er-2791	112	37	probability	probability	NOUN
er-2791	112	38	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	112	39	odds	odd	NOUN
er-2791	112	40	of	of	ADP
er-2791	112	41	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	112	42	cars	car	NOUN
er-2791	112	43	winning	win	VERB
er-2791	112	44	a	a	DET
er-2791	112	45	race	race	NOUN
er-2791	112	46	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	113	1	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	113	2	in	in	ADP
er-2791	113	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	113	4	small	small	ADJ
er-2791	113	5	groups	group	NOUN
er-2791	113	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	113	7	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	113	8	encouraged	encourage	VERB
er-2791	113	9	their	their	PRON
er-2791	113	10	team	team	NOUN
er-2791	113	11	drivers	driver	NOUN
er-2791	113	12	by	by	ADP
er-2791	113	13	providing	provide	VERB
er-2791	113	14	driving	driving	NOUN
er-2791	113	15	tips	tip	NOUN
er-2791	113	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	113	17	cheers	cheer	NOUN
er-2791	113	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	113	19	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	113	20	pats	pat	NOUN
er-2791	113	21	on	on	ADP
er-2791	113	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	113	23	back	back	NOUN
er-2791	113	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	114	1	they	they	PRON
er-2791	114	2	also	also	ADV
er-2791	114	3	worked	work	VERB
er-2791	114	4	together	together	ADV
er-2791	114	5	to	to	PART
er-2791	114	6	ensure	ensure	VERB
er-2791	114	7	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	114	8	was	be	AUX
er-2791	114	9	recorded	record	VERB
er-2791	114	10	correctly	correctly	ADV
er-2791	114	11	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	114	12	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	114	13	decisions	decision	NOUN
er-2791	114	14	were	be	AUX
er-2791	114	15	made	make	VERB
er-2791	114	16	fairly	fairly	ADV
er-2791	114	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	115	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	115	2	activity	activity	NOUN
er-2791	115	3	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	115	4	an	an	DET
er-2791	115	5	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
er-2791	115	6	for	for	SCONJ
er-2791	115	7	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	115	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	115	9	become	become	VERB
er-2791	115	10	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ
er-2791	115	11	with	with	ADP
er-2791	115	12	their	their	PRON
er-2791	115	13	teammates	teammate	NOUN
er-2791	115	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	115	15	to	to	PART
er-2791	115	16	build	build	VERB
er-2791	115	17	relationships	relationship	NOUN
er-2791	115	18	that	that	PRON
er-2791	115	19	would	would	AUX
er-2791	115	20	be	be	AUX
er-2791	115	21	supportive	supportive	ADJ
er-2791	115	22	in	in	ADP
er-2791	115	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	115	24	future	future	NOUN
er-2791	115	25	as	as	ADV
er-2791	115	26	well	well	ADV
er-2791	115	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	116	1	after	after	ADP
er-2791	116	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	116	3	activity	activity	NOUN
er-2791	116	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	116	5	teammates	teammate	NOUN
er-2791	116	6	worked	work	VERB
er-2791	116	7	together	together	ADV
er-2791	116	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	116	9	solve	solve	VERB
er-2791	116	10	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	116	11	problems	problem	NOUN
er-2791	116	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	117	1	during	during	ADP
er-2791	117	2	this	this	DET
er-2791	117	3	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	117	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	117	5	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	117	6	was	be	AUX
er-2791	117	7	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ
er-2791	117	8	for	for	ADP
er-2791	117	9	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	117	10	because	because	SCONJ
er-2791	117	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	117	12	teams	team	NOUN
er-2791	117	13	had	have	AUX
er-2791	117	14	shared	share	VERB
er-2791	117	15	in	in	ADP
er-2791	117	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	117	17	fun	fun	NOUN
er-2791	117	18	activity	activity	NOUN
er-2791	117	19	first	first	ADV
er-2791	117	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	118	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	118	2	felt	feel	VERB
er-2791	118	3	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ
er-2791	118	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	118	5	asking	ask	VERB
er-2791	118	6	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	118	7	questions	question	NOUN
er-2791	118	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	118	9	offering	offer	VERB
er-2791	118	10	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
er-2791	118	11	to	to	ADP
er-2791	118	12	their	their	PRON
er-2791	118	13	teammates	teammate	NOUN
er-2791	118	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	119	1	discussions	discussion	NOUN
er-2791	119	2	moved	move	VERB
er-2791	119	3	through	through	ADP
er-2791	119	4	phases	phase	NOUN
er-2791	119	5	that	that	PRON
er-2791	119	6	started	start	VERB
er-2791	119	7	with	with	ADP
er-2791	119	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	119	9	activity	activity	NOUN
er-2791	119	10	itself	itself	PRON
er-2791	119	11	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	119	12	turned	turn	VERB
er-2791	119	13	to	to	ADP
er-2791	119	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	119	15	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	119	16	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	119	17	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	119	18	language	language	NOUN
er-2791	119	19	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	119	20	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	119	21	ended	end	VERB
er-2791	119	22	with	with	ADP
er-2791	119	23	plans	plan	NOUN
er-2791	119	24	to	to	PART
er-2791	119	25	collaborate	collaborate	VERB
er-2791	119	26	for	for	ADP
er-2791	119	27	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	119	28	shared	share	VERB
er-2791	119	29	tasks	task	NOUN
er-2791	119	30	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	119	31	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	119	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	120	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	120	2	not	not	PART
er-2791	120	3	only	only	ADV
er-2791	120	4	developed	develop	VERB
er-2791	120	5	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
er-2791	120	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	120	7	but	but	CCONJ
er-2791	120	8	learned	learn	VERB
er-2791	120	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	120	10	value	value	NOUN
er-2791	120	11	of	of	ADP
er-2791	120	12	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
er-2791	120	13	as	as	ADV
er-2791	120	14	well	well	ADV
er-2791	120	15	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	121	1	at	at	ADP
er-2791	121	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	121	3	same	same	ADJ
er-2791	121	4	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	121	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	121	6	these	these	DET
er-2791	121	7	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	121	8	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	121	9	experienced	experience	VERB
er-2791	121	10	instructional	instructional	ADJ
er-2791	121	11	strategies	strategy	NOUN
er-2791	121	12	they	they	PRON
er-2791	121	13	can	can	AUX
er-2791	121	14	eventually	eventually	ADV
er-2791	121	15	implement	implement	VERB
er-2791	121	16	in	in	ADP
er-2791	121	17	their	their	PRON
er-2791	121	18	own	own	ADJ
er-2791	121	19	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
er-2791	121	20	once	once	SCONJ
er-2791	121	21	they	they	PRON
er-2791	121	22	become	become	VERB
er-2791	121	23	in	in	ADP
er-2791	121	24	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	121	25	service	service	NOUN
er-2791	121	26	educators	educator	NOUN
er-2791	121	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	122	1	formative	formative	ADJ
er-2791	122	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	122	3	was	be	AUX
er-2791	122	4	used	use	VERB
er-2791	122	5	daily	daily	ADV
er-2791	122	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	122	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	122	8	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	122	9	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	122	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	122	11	often	often	ADV
er-2791	122	12	through	through	ADP
er-2791	122	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	122	14	use	use	NOUN
er-2791	122	15	of	of	ADP
er-2791	122	16	technology	technology	NOUN
er-2791	122	17	including	include	VERB
er-2791	122	18	ipad	ipad	NOUN
er-2791	122	19	apps	app	NOUN
er-2791	122	20	such	such	ADJ
er-2791	122	21	as	as	ADP
er-2791	122	22	kahoot	kahoot	NOUN
er-2791	122	23	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	122	24	nearpod	nearpod	ADJ
er-2791	122	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	123	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	123	2	often	often	ADV
er-2791	123	3	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	123	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	123	5	through	through	ADP
er-2791	123	6	anonymous	anonymous	ADJ
er-2791	123	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	123	8	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
er-2791	123	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	123	10	enjoying	enjoy	VERB
er-2791	123	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	123	12	use	use	NOUN
er-2791	123	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	123	14	technology	technology	NOUN
er-2791	123	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	123	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	123	17	participation	participation	NOUN
er-2791	123	18	in	in	ADP
er-2791	123	19	simple	simple	ADJ
er-2791	123	20	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	123	21	friendly	friendly	ADJ
er-2791	123	22	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	123	23	no	no	DET
er-2791	123	24	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	123	25	pressure	pressure	NOUN
er-2791	123	26	competitions	competition	NOUN
er-2791	123	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	124	1	regular	regular	ADJ
er-2791	124	2	formative	formative	ADJ
er-2791	124	3	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	124	4	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	124	5	information	information	NOUN
er-2791	124	6	to	to	ADP
er-2791	124	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	124	8	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	124	9	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	124	10	that	that	PRON
er-2791	124	11	was	be	AUX
er-2791	124	12	then	then	ADV
er-2791	124	13	used	use	VERB
er-2791	124	14	to	to	PART
er-2791	124	15	develop	develop	VERB
er-2791	124	16	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	124	17	tasks	task	NOUN
er-2791	124	18	to	to	PART
er-2791	124	19	address	address	VERB
er-2791	124	20	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	124	21	areas	area	NOUN
er-2791	124	22	where	where	SCONJ
er-2791	124	23	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	124	24	continued	continue	VERB
er-2791	124	25	to	to	PART
er-2791	124	26	struggle	struggle	VERB
er-2791	124	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	125	1	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	125	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
er-2791	125	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	125	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	125	5	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	125	6	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	125	7	was	be	AUX
er-2791	125	8	based	base	VERB
er-2791	125	9	only	only	ADV
er-2791	125	10	on	on	ADP
er-2791	125	11	class	class	NOUN
er-2791	125	12	work	work	NOUN
er-2791	125	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	125	14	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	125	15	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	125	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	125	17	summative	summative	ADJ
er-2791	125	18	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	125	19	completed	complete	VERB
er-2791	125	20	in	in	ADP
er-2791	125	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	125	22	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	125	23	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	125	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	126	1	no	no	DET
er-2791	126	2	summative	summative	ADJ
er-2791	126	3	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	126	4	were	be	AUX
er-2791	126	5	administered	administer	VERB
er-2791	126	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	126	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	126	8	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	126	9	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	126	10	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	127	1	rather	rather	ADV
er-2791	127	2	than	than	ADP
er-2791	127	3	spending	spend	VERB
er-2791	127	4	valuable	valuable	ADJ
er-2791	127	5	class	class	NOUN
er-2791	127	6	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	127	7	on	on	ADP
er-2791	127	8	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	127	9	summative	summative	ADJ
er-2791	127	10	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	127	11	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	127	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	127	13	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	127	14	was	be	AUX
er-2791	127	15	spent	spend	VERB
er-2791	127	16	on	on	ADP
er-2791	127	17	building	build	VERB
er-2791	127	18	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	127	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	127	20	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	127	21	understanding	understanding	NOUN
er-2791	127	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	128	1	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	128	2	performance	performance	NOUN
er-2791	128	3	on	on	ADP
er-2791	128	4	unit	unit	NOUN
er-2791	128	5	exams	exam	NOUN
er-2791	128	6	was	be	AUX
er-2791	128	7	assessed	assess	VERB
er-2791	128	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	128	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	128	10	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	128	11	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	128	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	128	13	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	128	14	were	be	AUX
er-2791	128	15	then	then	ADV
er-2791	128	16	shared	share	VERB
er-2791	128	17	with	with	ADP
er-2791	128	18	the	the	DET
er-2791	128	19	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	128	20	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	128	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	129	1	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	129	2	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	129	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	129	4	order	order	NOUN
er-2791	129	5	to	to	PART
er-2791	129	6	determine	determine	VERB
er-2791	129	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	129	8	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
er-2791	129	9	of	of	ADP
er-2791	129	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	129	11	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	129	12	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	129	13	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	129	14	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	129	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	129	16	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	129	17	at	at	ADP
er-2791	129	18	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	129	19	designed	design	VERB
er-2791	129	20	a	a	DET
er-2791	129	21	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	129	22	to	to	PART
er-2791	129	23	investigate	investigate	VERB
er-2791	129	24	the	the	DET
er-2791	129	25	relationship	relationship	NOUN
er-2791	129	26	between	between	ADP
er-2791	129	27	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	129	28	participation	participation	NOUN
er-2791	129	29	in	in	ADP
er-2791	129	30	a	a	DET
er-2791	129	31	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	129	32	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	129	33	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	129	34	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	129	35	achievement	achievement	NOUN
er-2791	129	36	in	in	ADP
er-2791	129	37	the	the	DET
er-2791	129	38	associated	associated	ADJ
er-2791	129	39	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	129	40	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	129	41	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	129	42	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	130	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	130	2	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	130	3	also	also	ADV
er-2791	130	4	sought	seek	VERB
er-2791	130	5	to	to	PART
er-2791	130	6	examine	examine	VERB
er-2791	130	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	130	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
er-2791	130	9	between	between	ADP
er-2791	130	10	possible	possible	ADJ
er-2791	130	11	placement	placement	NOUN
er-2791	130	12	variables	variable	NOUN
er-2791	130	13	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	130	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
er-2791	130	15	of	of	ADP
er-2791	130	16	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	130	17	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	130	18	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	130	19	in	in	ADP
er-2791	130	20	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	130	21	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	130	22	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	130	23	participating	participate	VERB
er-2791	130	24	in	in	ADP
er-2791	130	25	the	the	DET
er-2791	130	26	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	130	27	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	130	28	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	130	29	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	130	30	of	of	ADP
er-2791	130	31	instruction	instruction	NOUN
er-2791	130	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	131	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	131	2	total	total	NOUN
er-2791	131	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	131	4	54	54	NUM
er-2791	131	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	131	6	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	131	7	participated	participate	VERB
er-2791	131	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	131	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	131	10	co	co	NOUN
er-2791	131	11	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	131	12	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	131	13	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	131	14	;	;	PUNCT
er-2791	131	15	however	however	ADV
er-2791	131	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	131	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	131	18	the	the	DET
er-2791	131	19	purpose	purpose	NOUN
er-2791	131	20	of	of	ADP
er-2791	131	21	this	this	DET
er-2791	131	22	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	131	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	131	24	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	131	25	without	without	ADP
er-2791	131	26	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	131	27	an	an	DET
er-2791	131	28	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	131	29	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	131	30	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	131	31	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	131	32	a	a	DET
er-2791	131	33	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	131	34	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	131	35	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	131	36	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	131	37	average	average	NOUN
er-2791	131	38	on	on	ADP
er-2791	131	39	file	file	NOUN
er-2791	131	40	with	with	ADP
er-2791	131	41	the	the	DET
er-2791	131	42	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	131	43	were	be	AUX
er-2791	131	44	eliminated	eliminate	VERB
er-2791	131	45	from	from	ADP
er-2791	131	46	the	the	DET
er-2791	131	47	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	131	48	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	132	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	132	2	subjects	subject	NOUN
er-2791	132	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	132	4	this	this	DET
er-2791	132	5	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	132	6	were	be	AUX
er-2791	132	7	43	43	NUM
er-2791	132	8	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	132	9	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	132	10	having	have	VERB
er-2791	132	11	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	132	12	an	an	DET
er-2791	132	13	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	132	14	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	132	15	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	132	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	132	17	a	a	DET
er-2791	132	18	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	132	19	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	132	20	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	132	21	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	132	22	average	average	NOUN
er-2791	132	23	on	on	ADP
er-2791	132	24	file	file	NOUN
er-2791	132	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	133	1	two	two	NUM
er-2791	133	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	133	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	133	4	43	43	NUM
er-2791	133	5	participants	participant	NOUN
er-2791	133	6	were	be	AUX
er-2791	133	7	males	male	NOUN
er-2791	133	8	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	134	1	all	all	DET
er-2791	134	2	subjects	subject	NOUN
er-2791	134	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	134	4	this	this	DET
er-2791	134	5	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	134	6	had	have	VERB
er-2791	134	7	a	a	DET
er-2791	134	8	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	134	9	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	134	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	134	11	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	134	12	less	less	ADJ
er-2791	134	13	than	than	ADP
er-2791	134	14	22	22	NUM
er-2791	134	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	134	16	placing	place	VERB
er-2791	134	17	these	these	DET
er-2791	134	18	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	134	19	into	into	ADP
er-2791	134	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	134	21	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	134	22	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	134	23	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	134	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	135	1	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	135	2	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	135	3	with	with	ADP
er-2791	135	4	areas	area	NOUN
er-2791	135	5	of	of	ADP
er-2791	135	6	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
er-2791	135	7	in	in	ADP
er-2791	135	8	elementary	elementary	ADJ
er-2791	135	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	135	10	early	early	ADJ
er-2791	135	11	childhood	childhood	NOUN
er-2791	135	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	135	13	middle	middle	ADJ
er-2791	135	14	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	135	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	135	16	music	music	NOUN
er-2791	135	17	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	135	18	art	art	NOUN
er-2791	135	19	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	135	20	special	special	ADJ
er-2791	135	21	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	135	22	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	135	23	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	135	24	career	career	NOUN
er-2791	135	25	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	135	26	technology	technology	NOUN
er-2791	135	27	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	135	28	participated	participate	VERB
er-2791	135	29	in	in	ADP
er-2791	135	30	the	the	DET
er-2791	135	31	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	135	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	136	1	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
er-2791	136	2	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	136	3	for	for	ADP
er-2791	136	4	this	this	DET
er-2791	136	5	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	136	6	came	come	VERB
er-2791	136	7	from	from	ADP
er-2791	136	8	a	a	DET
er-2791	136	9	total	total	NOUN
er-2791	136	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	136	11	four	four	NUM
er-2791	136	12	semesters	semester	NOUN
er-2791	136	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	136	14	a	a	DET
er-2791	136	15	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	136	16	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	136	17	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	136	18	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	136	19	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	136	20	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	136	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	137	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	137	2	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	137	3	include	include	VERB
er-2791	137	4	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	137	5	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	137	6	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	137	7	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	137	8	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	137	9	average	average	ADJ
er-2791	137	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	137	11	act	act	PROPN
er-2791	137	12	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	137	13	sub	sub	NOUN
er-2791	137	14	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	137	15	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	137	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	137	17	daily	daily	ADJ
er-2791	137	18	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	137	19	rates	rate	NOUN
er-2791	137	20	in	in	ADP
er-2791	137	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	137	22	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	137	23	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	137	24	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	137	25	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	137	26	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	137	27	final	final	ADJ
er-2791	137	28	20	20	NUM
er-2791	137	29	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	137	30	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	137	31	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	137	32	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	137	33	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	137	34	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	137	35	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	137	36	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	137	37	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	137	38	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	137	39	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	137	40	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	138	1	all	all	DET
er-2791	138	2	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
er-2791	138	3	statistical	statistical	ADJ
er-2791	138	4	analyses	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	138	5	were	be	AUX
er-2791	138	6	completed	complete	VERB
er-2791	138	7	using	use	VERB
er-2791	138	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	138	9	spss	spss	PROPN
er-2791	138	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
er-2791	138	11	23	23	NUM
er-2791	138	12	software	software	NOUN
er-2791	138	13	package	package	NOUN
er-2791	138	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	139	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	139	2	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
er-2791	139	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	139	4	found	find	VERB
er-2791	139	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	139	6	mean	mean	ADJ
er-2791	139	7	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	139	8	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	139	9	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	139	10	to	to	PART
er-2791	139	11	be	be	AUX
er-2791	139	12	17.33	17.33	NUM
er-2791	139	13	with	with	ADP
er-2791	139	14	a	a	DET
er-2791	139	15	standard	standard	ADJ
er-2791	139	16	deviation	deviation	NOUN
er-2791	139	17	of	of	ADP
er-2791	139	18	1.44	1.44	NUM
er-2791	139	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	140	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	140	2	mean	mean	ADJ
er-2791	140	3	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	140	4	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	140	5	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	140	6	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	140	7	average	average	NOUN
er-2791	140	8	was	be	AUX
er-2791	140	9	3.13	3.13	NUM
er-2791	140	10	with	with	ADP
er-2791	140	11	a	a	DET
er-2791	140	12	standard	standard	ADJ
er-2791	140	13	deviation	deviation	NOUN
er-2791	140	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	140	15	0.48	0.48	NUM
er-2791	140	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	141	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	141	2	mean	mean	ADJ
er-2791	141	3	daily	daily	ADJ
er-2791	141	4	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	141	5	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	141	6	rate	rate	NOUN
er-2791	141	7	was	be	AUX
er-2791	141	8	0.79	0.79	NUM
er-2791	141	9	with	with	ADP
er-2791	141	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	141	11	standard	standard	ADJ
er-2791	141	12	deviation	deviation	NOUN
er-2791	141	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	141	14	0.17	0.17	NUM
er-2791	141	15	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	142	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	142	2	mean	mean	ADJ
er-2791	142	3	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	142	4	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	142	5	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	142	6	was	be	AUX
er-2791	142	7	2.95	2.95	NUM
er-2791	142	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	142	9	on	on	ADP
er-2791	142	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	142	11	4	4	NUM
er-2791	142	12	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	142	13	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	142	14	scale	scale	NOUN
er-2791	142	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	142	16	with	with	ADP
er-2791	142	17	a	a	DET
er-2791	142	18	standard	standard	ADJ
er-2791	142	19	deviation	deviation	NOUN
er-2791	142	20	of	of	ADP
er-2791	142	21	1.17	1.17	NUM
er-2791	142	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	143	1	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
er-2791	143	2	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	143	3	is	be	AUX
er-2791	143	4	displayed	display	VERB
er-2791	143	5	in	in	ADP
er-2791	143	6	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	143	7	1.1	1.1	NUM
er-2791	143	8	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	144	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	144	2	pearson	pearson	PROPN
er-2791	144	3	product	product	NOUN
er-2791	144	4	moment	moment	NOUN
er-2791	144	5	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	144	6	was	be	AUX
er-2791	144	7	computed	compute	VERB
er-2791	144	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	144	9	describe	describe	VERB
er-2791	144	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	144	11	strength	strength	NOUN
er-2791	144	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	144	13	direction	direction	NOUN
er-2791	144	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	144	15	the	the	DET
er-2791	144	16	linear	linear	ADJ
er-2791	144	17	relationship	relationship	NOUN
er-2791	144	18	between	between	ADP
er-2791	144	19	each	each	DET
er-2791	144	20	pair	pair	NOUN
er-2791	144	21	of	of	ADP
er-2791	144	22	variables	variable	NOUN
er-2791	144	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	145	1	an	an	DET
er-2791	145	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	145	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	145	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	145	5	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	145	6	revealed	reveal	VERB
er-2791	145	7	a	a	DET
er-2791	145	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	145	9	positive	positive	ADJ
er-2791	145	10	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	145	11	between	between	ADP
er-2791	145	12	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	145	13	in	in	ADP
er-2791	145	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	145	15	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	145	16	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	145	17	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	145	18	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	145	19	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	145	20	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	145	21	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	145	22	r	r	NOUN
er-2791	145	23	=	=	SYM
er-2791	145	24	0.644	0.644	NUM
er-2791	145	25	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	145	26	p	p	X
er-2791	145	27	<	<	X
er-2791	145	28	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	145	29	*	*	NOUN
er-2791	145	30	*	*	NOUN
er-2791	145	31	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	145	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	146	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	146	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	146	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
er-2791	146	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	146	5	moderate	moderate	ADJ
er-2791	146	6	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	146	7	positive	positive	ADJ
er-2791	146	8	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	146	9	between	between	ADP
er-2791	146	10	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	146	11	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	146	12	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	146	13	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	146	14	average	average	ADJ
er-2791	146	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	146	16	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	146	17	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	146	18	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	146	19	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	146	20	r	r	NOUN
er-2791	146	21	=	=	NOUN
er-2791	146	22	0.451	0.451	NUM
er-2791	146	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	146	24	p	p	X
er-2791	146	25	=	=	NOUN
er-2791	146	26	0.002	0.002	NUM
er-2791	146	27	*	*	NUM
er-2791	146	28	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	146	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	147	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	147	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	147	3	also	also	ADV
er-2791	147	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
er-2791	147	5	a	a	DET
er-2791	147	6	moderate	moderate	ADJ
er-2791	147	7	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	147	8	positive	positive	ADJ
er-2791	147	9	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	147	10	between	between	ADP
er-2791	147	11	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	147	12	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	147	13	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	147	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	147	15	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	147	16	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	147	17	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	147	18	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	147	19	r	r	NOUN
er-2791	147	20	=	=	SYM
er-2791	147	21	0.403	0.403	NUM
er-2791	147	22	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	147	23	p	p	X
er-2791	147	24	=	=	PROPN
er-2791	147	25	0.007	0.007	NUM
er-2791	147	26	*	*	NUM
er-2791	147	27	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	147	28	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	148	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	148	2	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	148	3	matrix	matrix	NOUN
er-2791	148	4	is	be	AUX
er-2791	148	5	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	148	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	148	7	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	148	8	1.2	1.2	NUM
er-2791	148	9	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	148	10	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	148	11	1.1	1.1	NUM
er-2791	148	12	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
er-2791	148	13	statistics	statistic	NOUN
er-2791	148	14	variable	variable	ADJ
er-2791	148	15	mean	mean	VERB
er-2791	148	16	standard	standard	ADJ
er-2791	148	17	deviation	deviation	NOUN
er-2791	148	18	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	148	19	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	148	20	score	score	VERB
er-2791	148	21	17.33	17.33	NUM
er-2791	148	22	1.44	1.44	NUM
er-2791	148	23	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	148	24	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	148	25	gpa	gpa	PROPN
er-2791	148	26	3.13	3.13	NUM
er-2791	148	27	0.48	0.48	NUM
er-2791	148	28	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	148	29	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	148	30	rate	rate	NOUN
er-2791	148	31	0.79	0.79	NUM
er-2791	148	32	0.17	0.17	NUM
er-2791	148	33	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	148	34	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	148	35	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	148	36	2.95	2.95	NUM
er-2791	148	37	1.17	1.17	NUM
er-2791	148	38	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	148	39	1.2	1.2	NUM
er-2791	148	40	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	148	41	matrix	matrix	NOUN
er-2791	148	42	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	148	43	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	148	44	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	148	45	gpa	gpa	PROPN
er-2791	148	46	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	148	47	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	148	48	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	148	49	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	148	50	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	148	51	act	act	PROPN
er-2791	148	52	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	148	53	score	score	NOUN
er-2791	148	54	pearson	pearson	PROPN
er-2791	148	55	correlation	correlation	PROPN
er-2791	148	56	sig	sig	PROPN
er-2791	148	57	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	149	1	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	149	2	1	1	NUM
er-2791	149	3	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	149	4	tailed	tailed	ADJ
er-2791	149	5	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	150	1	n	n	NOUN
er-2791	150	2	=	=	SYM
er-2791	150	3	43	43	NUM
er-2791	150	4	1	1	NUM
er-2791	150	5	0.176	0.176	NUM
er-2791	150	6	0.259	0.259	NUM
er-2791	150	7	0.053	0.053	NUM
er-2791	150	8	0.734	0.734	NUM
er-2791	150	9	0.403	0.403	NUM
er-2791	150	10	*	*	PUNCT
er-2791	150	11	0.007	0.007	NUM
er-2791	150	12	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	150	13	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	150	14	gpa	gpa	PROPN
er-2791	150	15	pearson	pearson	PROPN
er-2791	150	16	correlation	correlation	PROPN
er-2791	150	17	sig	sig	PROPN
er-2791	150	18	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	151	1	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	151	2	1	1	NUM
er-2791	151	3	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	151	4	tailed	tailed	ADJ
er-2791	151	5	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	152	1	n	n	NOUN
er-2791	152	2	=	=	SYM
er-2791	152	3	43	43	NUM
er-2791	152	4	0.176	0.176	NUM
er-2791	152	5	0.259	0.259	NUM
er-2791	152	6	1	1	NUM
er-2791	152	7	0.226	0.226	NUM
er-2791	152	8	0.145	0.145	NUM
er-2791	152	9	0.451	0.451	NUM
er-2791	152	10	*	*	SYM
er-2791	152	11	0.002	0.002	NUM
er-2791	152	12	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	152	13	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	152	14	pearson	pearson	PROPN
er-2791	152	15	correlation	correlation	PROPN
er-2791	152	16	sig	sig	PROPN
er-2791	152	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	153	1	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	153	2	1	1	NUM
er-2791	153	3	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	153	4	tailed	tailed	ADJ
er-2791	153	5	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	154	1	n	n	NOUN
er-2791	154	2	=	=	SYM
er-2791	154	3	43	43	NUM
er-2791	154	4	0.053	0.053	NUM
er-2791	154	5	0.734	0.734	NUM
er-2791	154	6	0.226	0.226	NUM
er-2791	154	7	0.145	0.145	NUM
er-2791	154	8	1	1	NUM
er-2791	154	9	0.644	0.644	NUM
er-2791	154	10	*	*	PUNCT
er-2791	154	11	<	<	X
er-2791	154	12	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	154	13	*	*	PUNCT
er-2791	154	14	p<.01	p<.01	VERB
er-2791	154	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	154	16	*	*	PUNCT
er-2791	154	17	*	*	X
er-2791	154	18	p<.001	p<.001	NOUN
er-2791	154	19	to	to	PART
er-2791	154	20	determine	determine	VERB
er-2791	154	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	154	22	value	value	NOUN
er-2791	154	23	of	of	ADP
er-2791	154	24	using	use	VERB
er-2791	154	25	multiple	multiple	ADJ
er-2791	154	26	measures	measure	NOUN
er-2791	154	27	as	as	ADP
er-2791	154	28	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	154	29	placement	placement	NOUN
er-2791	154	30	tools	tool	NOUN
er-2791	154	31	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	154	32	regression	regression	NOUN
er-2791	154	33	analyses	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	154	34	were	be	AUX
er-2791	154	35	conducting	conduct	VERB
er-2791	154	36	using	use	VERB
er-2791	154	37	act	act	PROPN
er-2791	154	38	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	154	39	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	154	40	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	154	41	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	154	42	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	154	43	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	154	44	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	154	45	averages	average	NOUN
er-2791	154	46	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	154	47	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	154	48	dml	dml	VERB
er-2791	154	49	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	154	50	as	as	ADP
er-2791	154	51	the	the	DET
er-2791	154	52	independent	independent	ADJ
er-2791	154	53	variables	variable	NOUN
er-2791	154	54	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	154	55	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	154	56	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	154	57	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	154	58	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	154	59	as	as	ADP
er-2791	154	60	the	the	DET
er-2791	154	61	dependent	dependent	ADJ
er-2791	154	62	variable	variable	NOUN
er-2791	154	63	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	155	1	using	use	VERB
er-2791	155	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	155	3	enter	enter	NOUN
er-2791	155	4	method	method	NOUN
er-2791	155	5	regression	regression	NOUN
er-2791	155	6	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	155	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	155	8	a	a	DET
er-2791	155	9	significant	significant	ADJ
er-2791	155	10	equation	equation	NOUN
er-2791	155	11	was	be	AUX
er-2791	155	12	found	find	VERB
er-2791	155	13	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	155	14	f(3	f(3	PROPN
er-2791	155	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	155	16	39)=	39)=	PROPN
er-2791	155	17	20.877	20.877	NUM
er-2791	155	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	155	19	p	p	X
er-2791	155	20	<	<	X
er-2791	155	21	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	155	22	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	155	23	with	with	ADP
er-2791	155	24	an	an	DET
er-2791	155	25	r2	r2	NOUN
er-2791	155	26	of	of	ADP
er-2791	155	27	0.616	0.616	NUM
er-2791	155	28	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	156	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	156	2	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	156	3	summary	summary	NOUN
er-2791	156	4	is	be	AUX
er-2791	156	5	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	156	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	156	7	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	156	8	1.3	1.3	NUM
er-2791	156	9	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	156	10	theresults	theresult	NOUN
er-2791	156	11	for	for	ADP
er-2791	156	12	independent	independent	ADJ
er-2791	156	13	variables	variable	NOUN
er-2791	156	14	in	in	ADP
er-2791	156	15	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	156	16	1.4	1.4	NUM
er-2791	156	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	157	1	co	co	VERB
er-2791	157	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	157	3	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	157	4	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	157	5	for	for	ADP
er-2791	157	6	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	157	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	157	8	21	21	NUM
er-2791	157	9	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	157	10	1.3	1.3	NUM
er-2791	157	11	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	157	12	summary	summary	NOUN
er-2791	157	13	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	157	14	summary	summary	NOUN
er-2791	157	15	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	157	16	r	r	PROPN
er-2791	157	17	r	r	NOUN
er-2791	157	18	square	square	ADJ
er-2791	157	19	adjusted	adjust	VERB
er-2791	157	20	r	r	NOUN
er-2791	157	21	square	square	ADJ
er-2791	157	22	std	std	NOUN
er-2791	157	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	158	1	error	error	NOUN
er-2791	158	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	158	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	158	4	estimate	estimate	NOUN
er-2791	158	5	1	1	NUM
er-2791	158	6	0.785	0.785	NUM
er-2791	158	7	0.616	0.616	NUM
er-2791	158	8	0.587	0.587	NUM
er-2791	158	9	0.75483	0.75483	NUM
er-2791	158	10	anova	anova	PROPN
er-2791	158	11	model	model	PROPN
er-2791	158	12	sum	sum	NOUN
er-2791	158	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	158	14	squares	square	NOUN
er-2791	158	15	df	df	PROPN
er-2791	158	16	mean	mean	PROPN
er-2791	158	17	square	square	PROPN
er-2791	158	18	f	f	PROPN
er-2791	158	19	sig	sig	PROPN
er-2791	158	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	159	1	regression	regression	VERB
er-2791	159	2	residual	residual	ADJ
er-2791	159	3	total	total	NOUN
er-2791	159	4	35.686	35.686	NUM
er-2791	159	5	22.221	22.221	NUM
er-2791	159	6	57.907	57.907	NUM
er-2791	159	7	3	3	NUM
er-2791	159	8	39	39	NUM
er-2791	159	9	42	42	NUM
er-2791	159	10	11.895	11.895	NUM
er-2791	159	11	0.570	0.570	NUM
er-2791	159	12	20.877	20.877	NUM
er-2791	159	13	<	<	NOUN
er-2791	159	14	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	159	15	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	159	16	1.4	1.4	NUM
er-2791	159	17	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
er-2791	159	18	table	table	NOUN
er-2791	159	19	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
er-2791	159	20	model	model	VERB
er-2791	159	21	unstandardized	unstandardized	ADJ
er-2791	159	22	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
er-2791	159	23	standardized	standardize	VERB
er-2791	159	24	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
er-2791	159	25	t	t	PROPN
er-2791	159	26	sig	sig	PROPN
er-2791	159	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	160	1	b	b	X
er-2791	160	2	std	std	PROPN
er-2791	160	3	.	.	NOUN
er-2791	160	4	error	error	NOUN
er-2791	160	5	beta	beta	NOUN
er-2791	160	6	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	160	7	constant	constant	ADJ
er-2791	160	8	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	160	9	-6.639	-6.639	NOUN
er-2791	160	10	1.536	1.536	NUM
er-2791	160	11	-4.323	-4.323	PUNCT
er-2791	160	12	<	<	X
er-2791	160	13	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	160	14	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	160	15	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	160	16	3.737	3.737	NUM
er-2791	160	17	0.671	0.671	NUM
er-2791	160	18	0.567	0.567	NUM
er-2791	160	19	5.568	5.568	NUM
er-2791	160	20	<	<	NOUN
er-2791	160	21	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	160	22	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	160	23	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	160	24	score	score	VERB
er-2791	160	25	0.265	0.265	NUM
er-2791	160	26	0.082	0.082	NUM
er-2791	160	27	0.326	0.326	NUM
er-2791	160	28	3.231	3.231	NUM
er-2791	160	29	0.003	0.003	NUM
er-2791	160	30	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	160	31	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	160	32	gpa	gpa	PROPN
er-2791	160	33	0.653	0.653	NUM
er-2791	160	34	0.254	0.254	NUM
er-2791	160	35	0.266	0.266	NUM
er-2791	160	36	2.570	2.570	NUM
er-2791	160	37	0.014	0.014	NUM
er-2791	160	38	dependent	dependent	ADJ
er-2791	160	39	variable	variable	NOUN
er-2791	160	40	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	160	41	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	160	42	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	160	43	score	score	VERB
er-2791	160	44	the	the	DET
er-2791	160	45	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
er-2791	160	46	data	data	NOUN
er-2791	160	47	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	160	48	indicates	indicate	VERB
er-2791	160	49	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	160	50	there	there	PRON
er-2791	160	51	is	be	VERB
er-2791	160	52	a	a	DET
er-2791	160	53	correlation	correlation	NOUN
er-2791	160	54	between	between	ADP
er-2791	160	55	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	160	56	in	in	ADP
er-2791	160	57	the	the	DET
er-2791	160	58	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	160	59	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	160	60	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	160	61	performance	performance	NOUN
er-2791	160	62	in	in	ADP
er-2791	160	63	the	the	DET
er-2791	160	64	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	160	65	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	160	66	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	161	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	161	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	161	3	also	also	ADV
er-2791	161	4	indicates	indicate	VERB
er-2791	161	5	that	that	SCONJ
er-2791	161	6	using	use	VERB
er-2791	161	7	multiple	multiple	ADJ
er-2791	161	8	measures	measure	NOUN
er-2791	161	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	161	10	rather	rather	ADV
er-2791	161	11	than	than	ADP
er-2791	161	12	a	a	DET
er-2791	161	13	single	single	ADJ
er-2791	161	14	measure	measure	NOUN
er-2791	161	15	alone	alone	ADV
er-2791	161	16	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	161	17	will	will	AUX
er-2791	161	18	contribute	contribute	VERB
er-2791	161	19	to	to	ADP
er-2791	161	20	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	161	21	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	161	22	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	161	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	162	1	all	all	DET
er-2791	162	2	independent	independent	ADJ
er-2791	162	3	variables	variable	NOUN
er-2791	162	4	were	be	AUX
er-2791	162	5	significant	significant	ADJ
er-2791	162	6	predictors	predictor	NOUN
er-2791	162	7	of	of	ADP
er-2791	162	8	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	162	9	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	162	10	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	162	11	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	162	12	lab	lab	NOUN
er-2791	162	13	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	162	14	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	162	15	t	t	NOUN
er-2791	162	16	=	=	SYM
er-2791	162	17	5.568	5.568	NUM
er-2791	162	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	162	19	p	p	X
er-2791	162	20	<	<	X
er-2791	162	21	0.001	0.001	NUM
er-2791	162	22	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	162	23	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	162	24	ct	ct	PROPN
er-2791	162	25	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	162	26	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	162	27	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	162	28	t	t	NOUN
er-2791	162	29	=	=	SYM
er-2791	162	30	3.231	3.231	NUM
er-2791	162	31	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	162	32	p	p	X
er-2791	162	33	=	=	NOUN
er-2791	162	34	0.003	0.003	NUM
er-2791	162	35	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	162	36	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	162	37	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	162	38	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	162	39	gpa	gpa	PROPN
er-2791	162	40	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	162	41	t	t	NOUN
er-2791	162	42	=	=	PUNCT
er-2791	162	43	2.570	2.570	NUM
er-2791	162	44	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	162	45	p	p	NOUN
er-2791	162	46	=	=	NOUN
er-2791	162	47	0.014	0.014	NUM
er-2791	162	48	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	162	49	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	163	1	although	although	SCONJ
er-2791	163	2	all	all	DET
er-2791	163	3	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	163	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	163	5	this	this	DET
er-2791	163	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	163	7	had	have	VERB
er-2791	163	8	complete	complete	ADJ
er-2791	163	9	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	163	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	163	11	unfortunately	unfortunately	ADV
er-2791	163	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	163	13	not	not	PART
er-2791	163	14	all	all	DET
er-2791	163	15	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	163	16	are	be	AUX
er-2791	163	17	able	able	ADJ
er-2791	163	18	to	to	PART
er-2791	163	19	report	report	VERB
er-2791	163	20	those	those	DET
er-2791	163	21	scores	score	NOUN
er-2791	163	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	164	1	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	164	2	who	who	PRON
er-2791	164	3	did	do	AUX
er-2791	164	4	not	not	PART
er-2791	164	5	complete	complete	VERB
er-2791	164	6	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	164	7	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	164	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	164	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	164	10	united	united	PROPN
er-2791	164	11	states	states	PROPN
er-2791	164	12	may	may	AUX
er-2791	164	13	not	not	PART
er-2791	164	14	have	have	VERB
er-2791	164	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	164	16	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	164	17	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	164	18	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	164	19	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	164	20	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	164	21	average	average	NOUN
er-2791	164	22	to	to	PART
er-2791	164	23	report	report	VERB
er-2791	164	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	165	1	non	non	ADJ
er-2791	165	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	165	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	165	4	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	165	5	who	who	PRON
er-2791	165	6	completed	complete	VERB
er-2791	165	7	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	165	8	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	165	9	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	165	10	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	165	11	ago	ago	ADV
er-2791	165	12	may	may	AUX
er-2791	165	13	have	have	VERB
er-2791	165	14	a	a	DET
er-2791	165	15	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	165	16	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	165	17	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	165	18	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	165	19	average	average	NOUN
er-2791	165	20	to	to	PART
er-2791	165	21	report	report	VERB
er-2791	165	22	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	165	23	but	but	CCONJ
er-2791	165	24	those	those	DET
er-2791	165	25	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	165	26	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	165	27	gpas	gpa	NOUN
er-2791	165	28	may	may	AUX
er-2791	165	29	not	not	PART
er-2791	165	30	parallel	parallel	VERB
er-2791	165	31	those	those	PRON
er-2791	165	32	of	of	ADP
er-2791	165	33	more	more	ADV
er-2791	165	34	recent	recent	ADJ
er-2791	165	35	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	165	36	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	165	37	graduates	graduate	NOUN
er-2791	165	38	as	as	ADP
er-2791	165	39	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	165	40	requirements	requirement	NOUN
er-2791	165	41	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	165	42	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	165	43	offerings	offering	NOUN
er-2791	165	44	have	have	AUX
er-2791	165	45	changed	change	VERB
er-2791	165	46	over	over	ADP
er-2791	165	47	the	the	DET
er-2791	165	48	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	165	49	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	166	1	along	along	ADP
er-2791	166	2	with	with	ADP
er-2791	166	3	these	these	DET
er-2791	166	4	issues	issue	NOUN
er-2791	166	5	is	be	AUX
er-2791	166	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	166	7	concern	concern	NOUN
er-2791	166	8	over	over	ADP
er-2791	166	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	166	10	possibility	possibility	NOUN
er-2791	166	11	of	of	ADP
er-2791	166	12	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	166	13	inflation	inflation	NOUN
er-2791	166	14	that	that	PRON
er-2791	166	15	could	could	AUX
er-2791	166	16	impact	impact	VERB
er-2791	166	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	166	18	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	166	19	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	166	20	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	166	21	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	166	22	point	point	NOUN
er-2791	166	23	average	average	NOUN
er-2791	166	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	167	1	22	22	NUM
er-2791	167	2	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	167	3	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	167	4	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	167	5	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	167	6	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	167	7	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	167	8	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	167	9	in	in	ADP
er-2791	167	10	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	167	11	to	to	ADP
er-2791	167	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	167	13	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
er-2791	167	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
er-2791	167	15	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	167	16	another	another	DET
er-2791	167	17	indicator	indicator	NOUN
er-2791	167	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	167	19	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	167	20	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	167	21	may	may	AUX
er-2791	167	22	be	be	AUX
er-2791	167	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	167	24	overall	overall	ADJ
er-2791	167	25	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	167	26	completion	completion	NOUN
er-2791	167	27	rate	rate	NOUN
er-2791	167	28	for	for	ADP
er-2791	167	29	the	the	DET
er-2791	167	30	subjects	subject	NOUN
er-2791	167	31	of	of	ADP
er-2791	167	32	this	this	DET
er-2791	167	33	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	167	34	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	168	1	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	168	2	monitors	monitor	NOUN
er-2791	168	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	168	4	dfw	dfw	PROPN
er-2791	168	5	rate	rate	NOUN
er-2791	168	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	168	7	each	each	DET
er-2791	168	8	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	168	9	offered	offer	VERB
er-2791	168	10	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	169	1	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	169	2	with	with	ADP
er-2791	169	3	fewer	few	ADJ
er-2791	169	4	than	than	ADP
er-2791	169	5	30	30	NUM
er-2791	169	6	%	%	NOUN
er-2791	169	7	of	of	ADP
er-2791	169	8	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	169	9	earning	earn	VERB
er-2791	169	10	a	a	DET
er-2791	169	11	letter	letter	NOUN
er-2791	169	12	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	169	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	169	14	d	d	PROPN
er-2791	169	15	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	169	16	f	f	PROPN
er-2791	169	17	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	169	18	having	having	AUX
er-2791	169	19	withdrawn	withdraw	VERB
er-2791	169	20	from	from	ADP
er-2791	169	21	the	the	DET
er-2791	169	22	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	169	23	are	be	AUX
er-2791	169	24	considered	consider	VERB
er-2791	169	25	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	169	26	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	169	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	170	1	of	of	ADP
er-2791	170	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	170	3	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	170	4	participating	participate	VERB
er-2791	170	5	in	in	ADP
er-2791	170	6	this	this	DET
er-2791	170	7	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	170	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	170	9	approximately	approximately	ADV
er-2791	170	10	86	86	NUM
er-2791	170	11	%	%	NOUN
er-2791	170	12	successfully	successfully	ADV
er-2791	170	13	passed	pass	VERB
er-2791	170	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	170	15	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	170	16	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	170	17	with	with	ADP
er-2791	170	18	a	a	DET
er-2791	170	19	letter	letter	NOUN
er-2791	170	20	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	170	21	of	of	ADP
er-2791	170	22	c	c	NOUN
er-2791	170	23	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	170	24	higher	high	ADJ
er-2791	170	25	leaving	leave	VERB
er-2791	170	26	only	only	ADV
er-2791	170	27	14	14	NUM
er-2791	170	28	%	%	NOUN
er-2791	170	29	in	in	ADP
er-2791	170	30	the	the	DET
er-2791	170	31	dfw	dfw	PROPN
er-2791	170	32	category	category	NOUN
er-2791	170	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	171	1	of	of	ADP
er-2791	171	2	these	these	DET
er-2791	171	3	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	171	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	171	5	67	67	NUM
er-2791	171	6	%	%	NOUN
er-2791	171	7	earned	earn	VERB
er-2791	171	8	a	a	DET
er-2791	171	9	letter	letter	NOUN
er-2791	171	10	grade	grade	NOUN
er-2791	171	11	of	of	ADP
er-2791	171	12	d	d	NOUN
er-2791	171	13	meaning	mean	VERB
er-2791	171	14	less	less	ADJ
er-2791	171	15	than	than	ADP
er-2791	171	16	5	5	NUM
er-2791	171	17	%	%	NOUN
er-2791	171	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	171	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	171	20	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	171	21	in	in	ADP
er-2791	171	22	this	this	DET
er-2791	171	23	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	171	24	either	either	CCONJ
er-2791	171	25	failed	fail	VERB
er-2791	171	26	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	171	27	dropped	drop	VERB
er-2791	171	28	the	the	DET
er-2791	171	29	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	171	30	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	171	31	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	171	32	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	171	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	172	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	172	2	reported	report	VERB
er-2791	172	3	dfw	dfw	NOUN
er-2791	172	4	rate	rate	NOUN
er-2791	172	5	for	for	ADP
er-2791	172	6	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	172	7	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	172	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	172	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	172	10	same	same	ADJ
er-2791	172	11	sections	section	NOUN
er-2791	172	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	172	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	172	14	cm	cm	NOUN
er-2791	172	15	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	172	16	but	but	CCONJ
er-2791	172	17	participating	participate	VERB
er-2791	172	18	in	in	ADP
er-2791	172	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	172	20	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	172	21	pre	pre	NOUN
er-2791	172	22	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	172	23	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	172	24	instead	instead	ADV
er-2791	172	25	of	of	ADP
er-2791	172	26	the	the	DET
er-2791	172	27	corequisite	corequisite	NOUN
er-2791	172	28	pathway	pathway	NOUN
er-2791	172	29	was	be	AUX
er-2791	172	30	25	25	NUM
er-2791	172	31	%	%	NOUN
er-2791	172	32	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	173	1	lessons	lesson	NOUN
er-2791	173	2	learned	learn	VERB
er-2791	173	3	from	from	ADP
er-2791	173	4	implementing	implement	VERB
er-2791	173	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	173	6	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	173	7	as	as	ADP
er-2791	173	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	173	9	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	173	10	above	above	ADP
er-2791	173	11	indicate	indicate	VERB
er-2791	173	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	173	13	mwu	mwu	PROPN
er-2791	173	14	’s	’s	PART
er-2791	173	15	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	173	16	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	173	17	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	173	18	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	173	19	has	have	AUX
er-2791	173	20	been	be	AUX
er-2791	173	21	effective	effective	ADJ
er-2791	173	22	in	in	ADP
er-2791	173	23	terms	term	NOUN
er-2791	173	24	of	of	ADP
er-2791	173	25	promoting	promote	VERB
er-2791	173	26	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	173	27	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	173	28	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	173	29	completion	completion	NOUN
er-2791	173	30	of	of	ADP
er-2791	173	31	a	a	DET
er-2791	173	32	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	173	33	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	173	34	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	173	35	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	173	36	reducing	reduce	VERB
er-2791	173	37	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	173	38	to	to	ADP
er-2791	173	39	graduation	graduation	NOUN
er-2791	173	40	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	173	41	financial	financial	ADJ
er-2791	173	42	burden	burden	NOUN
er-2791	173	43	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	174	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	174	2	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	174	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	174	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	174	5	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	174	6	has	have	AUX
er-2791	174	7	also	also	ADV
er-2791	174	8	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	174	9	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	174	10	with	with	ADP
er-2791	174	11	a	a	DET
er-2791	174	12	great	great	ADJ
er-2791	174	13	deal	deal	NOUN
er-2791	174	14	of	of	ADP
er-2791	174	15	insight	insight	NOUN
er-2791	174	16	into	into	ADP
er-2791	174	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	174	18	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	174	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
er-2791	174	20	of	of	ADP
er-2791	174	21	a	a	DET
er-2791	174	22	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	174	23	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	174	24	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	174	25	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	174	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	175	1	first	first	ADV
er-2791	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	175	3	if	if	SCONJ
er-2791	175	4	multiple	multiple	ADJ
er-2791	175	5	sections	section	NOUN
er-2791	175	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	175	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	175	8	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	175	9	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	175	10	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	175	11	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	175	12	are	be	AUX
er-2791	175	13	offered	offer	VERB
er-2791	175	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	175	15	the	the	DET
er-2791	175	16	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	175	17	works	work	VERB
er-2791	175	18	best	well	ADV
er-2791	175	19	when	when	SCONJ
er-2791	175	20	each	each	DET
er-2791	175	21	section	section	NOUN
er-2791	175	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	175	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	175	24	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	175	25	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	175	26	is	be	AUX
er-2791	175	27	paired	pair	VERB
er-2791	175	28	with	with	ADP
er-2791	175	29	a	a	DET
er-2791	175	30	specific	specific	ADJ
er-2791	175	31	dml	dml	NOUN
er-2791	175	32	section	section	NOUN
er-2791	175	33	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	176	1	when	when	SCONJ
er-2791	176	2	this	this	PRON
er-2791	176	3	is	be	AUX
er-2791	176	4	not	not	PART
er-2791	176	5	possible	possible	ADJ
er-2791	176	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	176	7	then	then	ADV
er-2791	176	8	all	all	DET
er-2791	176	9	sections	section	NOUN
er-2791	176	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	176	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	176	12	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	176	13	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	176	14	associated	associate	VERB
er-2791	176	15	with	with	ADP
er-2791	176	16	a	a	DET
er-2791	176	17	specific	specific	ADJ
er-2791	176	18	dml	dml	NOUN
er-2791	176	19	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	176	20	should	should	AUX
er-2791	176	21	have	have	VERB
er-2791	176	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	176	23	same	same	ADJ
er-2791	176	24	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	176	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	177	1	when	when	SCONJ
er-2791	177	2	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	177	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	177	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	177	5	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	177	6	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	177	7	have	have	VERB
er-2791	177	8	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	177	9	instructors	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	177	10	for	for	ADP
er-2791	177	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	177	12	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	177	13	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	177	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	177	15	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	177	16	topics	topic	NOUN
er-2791	177	17	are	be	AUX
er-2791	177	18	often	often	ADV
er-2791	177	19	being	be	AUX
er-2791	177	20	studied	study	VERB
er-2791	177	21	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	178	1	just	just	ADV
er-2791	178	2	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	178	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	178	4	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	178	5	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	178	6	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	178	7	support	support	NOUN
er-2791	178	8	really	really	ADV
er-2791	178	9	only	only	ADV
er-2791	178	10	works	work	VERB
er-2791	178	11	if	if	SCONJ
er-2791	178	12	all	all	DET
er-2791	178	13	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	178	14	are	be	AUX
er-2791	178	15	studying	study	VERB
er-2791	178	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	178	17	same	same	ADJ
er-2791	178	18	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	178	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	179	1	frequent	frequent	ADJ
er-2791	179	2	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	179	3	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	179	4	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
er-2791	179	5	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
er-2791	179	6	between	between	ADP
er-2791	179	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	179	8	instructors	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	179	9	of	of	ADP
er-2791	179	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	179	11	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	179	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	179	13	dml	dml	VERB
er-2791	179	14	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	179	15	is	be	AUX
er-2791	179	16	essential	essential	ADJ
er-2791	179	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	180	1	face	face	NOUN
er-2791	180	2	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	180	3	to	to	ADP
er-2791	180	4	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	180	5	face	face	NOUN
er-2791	180	6	meetings	meeting	NOUN
er-2791	180	7	prior	prior	ADV
er-2791	180	8	to	to	ADP
er-2791	180	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	180	10	beginning	beginning	NOUN
er-2791	180	11	of	of	ADP
er-2791	180	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	180	13	semester	semester	NOUN
er-2791	180	14	have	have	AUX
er-2791	180	15	allowed	allow	VERB
er-2791	180	16	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	180	17	to	to	PART
er-2791	180	18	plan	plan	VERB
er-2791	180	19	together	together	ADV
er-2791	180	20	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	180	21	to	to	PART
er-2791	180	22	establish	establish	VERB
er-2791	180	23	means	mean	NOUN
er-2791	180	24	of	of	ADP
er-2791	180	25	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	180	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	181	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	181	2	weekly	weekly	ADJ
er-2791	181	3	email	email	NOUN
er-2791	181	4	from	from	ADP
er-2791	181	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	181	6	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	181	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	181	8	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	181	9	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	181	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	181	11	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	181	12	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	181	13	with	with	ADP
er-2791	181	14	an	an	DET
er-2791	181	15	update	update	NOUN
er-2791	181	16	on	on	ADP
er-2791	181	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	181	18	topics	topic	NOUN
er-2791	181	19	to	to	PART
er-2791	181	20	be	be	AUX
er-2791	181	21	covered	cover	VERB
er-2791	181	22	during	during	ADP
er-2791	181	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	181	24	week	week	NOUN
er-2791	181	25	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	181	26	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	181	27	this	this	PRON
er-2791	181	28	allowed	allow	VERB
er-2791	181	29	the	the	DET
er-2791	181	30	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	181	31	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	181	32	to	to	PART
er-2791	181	33	plan	plan	VERB
er-2791	181	34	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
er-2791	181	35	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	182	1	adding	add	VERB
er-2791	182	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	182	3	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	182	4	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	182	5	to	to	ADP
er-2791	182	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	182	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	182	8	management	management	NOUN
er-2791	182	9	site	site	NOUN
er-2791	182	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	182	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	182	12	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	182	13	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	182	14	was	be	AUX
er-2791	182	15	another	another	DET
er-2791	182	16	strategy	strategy	NOUN
er-2791	182	17	that	that	PRON
er-2791	182	18	helped	help	VERB
er-2791	182	19	to	to	PART
er-2791	182	20	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
er-2791	182	21	communication	communication	NOUN
er-2791	182	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	183	1	having	have	VERB
er-2791	183	2	access	access	NOUN
er-2791	183	3	to	to	ADP
er-2791	183	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	183	5	site	site	NOUN
er-2791	183	6	allowed	allow	VERB
er-2791	183	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	183	8	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	183	9	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	183	10	to	to	PART
er-2791	183	11	access	access	NOUN
er-2791	183	12	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	183	13	grades	grade	NOUN
er-2791	183	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	183	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	183	16	thus	thus	ADV
er-2791	183	17	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	183	18	monitor	monitor	VERB
er-2791	183	19	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	183	20	progress	progress	NOUN
er-2791	183	21	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	183	22	performance	performance	NOUN
er-2791	183	23	in	in	ADP
er-2791	183	24	the	the	DET
er-2791	183	25	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	183	26	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	183	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	184	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	184	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	184	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	184	4	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	184	5	must	must	AUX
er-2791	184	6	be	be	AUX
er-2791	184	7	carefully	carefully	ADV
er-2791	184	8	planned	plan	VERB
er-2791	184	9	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	184	10	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
er-2791	184	11	between	between	ADP
er-2791	184	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	184	13	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	184	14	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	184	15	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	184	16	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	184	17	instructors	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	184	18	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	185	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	185	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	185	3	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	185	4	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	185	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	185	6	summative	summative	ADJ
er-2791	185	7	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	185	8	occurs	occur	VERB
er-2791	185	9	exclusively	exclusively	ADV
er-2791	185	10	in	in	ADP
er-2791	185	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	185	12	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	185	13	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	185	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	185	15	formative	formative	ADJ
er-2791	185	16	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	185	17	is	be	AUX
er-2791	185	18	a	a	DET
er-2791	185	19	major	major	ADJ
er-2791	185	20	component	component	NOUN
er-2791	185	21	in	in	ADP
er-2791	185	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	185	23	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	185	24	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	185	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	186	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
er-2791	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	186	3	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	186	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	186	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	186	6	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	186	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	186	8	have	have	AUX
er-2791	186	9	asked	ask	VERB
er-2791	186	10	for	for	ADP
er-2791	186	11	graded	grade	VERB
er-2791	186	12	quizzes	quiz	NOUN
er-2791	186	13	that	that	PRON
er-2791	186	14	help	help	VERB
er-2791	186	15	them	they	PRON
er-2791	186	16	practice	practice	VERB
er-2791	186	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	186	18	the	the	DET
er-2791	186	19	summative	summative	ADJ
er-2791	186	20	tests	test	NOUN
er-2791	186	21	given	give	VERB
er-2791	186	22	in	in	ADP
er-2791	186	23	the	the	DET
er-2791	186	24	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	186	25	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	186	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	187	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	187	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	187	3	plan	plan	NOUN
er-2791	187	4	has	have	AUX
er-2791	187	5	worked	work	VERB
er-2791	187	6	to	to	PART
er-2791	187	7	provide	provide	VERB
er-2791	187	8	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	187	9	with	with	ADP
er-2791	187	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	187	11	information	information	NOUN
er-2791	187	12	they	they	PRON
er-2791	187	13	need	need	VERB
er-2791	187	14	to	to	PART
er-2791	187	15	monitor	monitor	VERB
er-2791	187	16	their	their	PRON
er-2791	187	17	progress	progress	NOUN
er-2791	187	18	without	without	ADP
er-2791	187	19	overwhelming	overwhelm	VERB
er-2791	187	20	them	they	PRON
er-2791	187	21	with	with	ADP
er-2791	187	22	multiple	multiple	ADJ
er-2791	187	23	summative	summative	ADJ
er-2791	187	24	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	187	25	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	188	1	monitoring	monitor	VERB
er-2791	188	2	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	188	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	188	4	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	188	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	188	6	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	188	7	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	188	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	188	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	188	10	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	188	11	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	188	12	has	have	AUX
er-2791	188	13	proven	prove	VERB
er-2791	188	14	to	to	PART
er-2791	188	15	be	be	AUX
er-2791	188	16	an	an	DET
er-2791	188	17	important	important	ADJ
er-2791	188	18	aspect	aspect	NOUN
er-2791	188	19	of	of	ADP
er-2791	188	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	188	21	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	188	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	189	1	not	not	PART
er-2791	189	2	surprisingly	surprisingly	ADV
er-2791	189	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	189	4	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	189	5	who	who	PRON
er-2791	189	6	were	be	AUX
er-2791	189	7	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	189	8	in	in	ADP
er-2791	189	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	189	10	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	189	11	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	189	12	attended	attend	VERB
er-2791	189	13	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	189	14	the	the	DET
er-2791	189	15	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	189	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	189	17	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	189	18	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	189	19	regularly	regularly	ADV
er-2791	189	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	190	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	190	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	190	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	190	4	instructors	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	190	5	of	of	ADP
er-2791	190	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	190	7	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	190	8	must	must	AUX
er-2791	190	9	communicate	communicate	VERB
er-2791	190	10	with	with	ADP
er-2791	190	11	each	each	DET
er-2791	190	12	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	190	13	on	on	ADP
er-2791	190	14	a	a	DET
er-2791	190	15	regular	regular	ADJ
er-2791	190	16	basis	basis	NOUN
er-2791	190	17	about	about	ADP
er-2791	190	18	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	190	19	attendance	attendance	NOUN
er-2791	190	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	191	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	191	2	logistics	logistic	NOUN
er-2791	191	3	involved	involve	VERB
er-2791	191	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	191	5	ensuring	ensure	VERB
er-2791	191	6	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	191	7	are	be	AUX
er-2791	191	8	enrolled	enrol	VERB
er-2791	191	9	in	in	ADP
er-2791	191	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	191	11	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
er-2791	191	12	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	191	13	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	191	14	dml	dml	NOUN
er-2791	191	15	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	191	16	proved	prove	VERB
er-2791	191	17	to	to	PART
er-2791	191	18	be	be	AUX
er-2791	191	19	more	more	ADV
er-2791	191	20	challenging	challenging	ADJ
er-2791	191	21	than	than	SCONJ
er-2791	191	22	initially	initially	ADV
er-2791	191	23	anticipated	anticipate	VERB
er-2791	191	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	192	1	several	several	ADJ
er-2791	192	2	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	192	3	processes	process	NOUN
er-2791	192	4	were	be	AUX
er-2791	192	5	investigated	investigate	VERB
er-2791	192	6	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	192	7	tried	try	VERB
er-2791	192	8	before	before	SCONJ
er-2791	192	9	a	a	DET
er-2791	192	10	workable	workable	ADJ
er-2791	192	11	procedure	procedure	NOUN
er-2791	192	12	was	be	AUX
er-2791	192	13	identified	identify	VERB
er-2791	192	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	193	1	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	193	2	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	193	3	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	193	4	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	193	5	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	193	6	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	193	7	for	for	ADP
er-2791	193	8	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	193	9	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	193	10	23	23	NUM
er-2791	193	11	management	management	NOUN
er-2791	193	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	193	13	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	193	14	platforms	platform	NOUN
er-2791	193	15	vary	vary	VERB
er-2791	193	16	from	from	ADP
er-2791	193	17	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	193	18	to	to	ADP
er-2791	193	19	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	193	20	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	193	21	spending	spending	NOUN
er-2791	193	22	time	time	NOUN
er-2791	193	23	upfront	upfront	ADJ
er-2791	193	24	to	to	PART
er-2791	193	25	address	address	VERB
er-2791	193	26	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	193	27	issues	issue	NOUN
er-2791	193	28	is	be	AUX
er-2791	193	29	essential	essential	ADJ
er-2791	193	30	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	194	1	finally	finally	ADV
er-2791	194	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	194	3	many	many	ADJ
er-2791	194	4	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	194	5	for	for	ADP
er-2791	194	6	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	194	7	-	-	NOUN
er-2791	194	8	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	194	9	programs	program	NOUN
er-2791	194	10	are	be	AUX
er-2791	194	11	in	in	ADP
er-2791	194	12	use	use	NOUN
er-2791	194	13	at	at	ADP
er-2791	194	14	universities	university	NOUN
er-2791	194	15	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	195	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	195	2	some	some	PRON
er-2791	195	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	195	4	these	these	DET
er-2791	195	5	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	195	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	195	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	195	8	same	same	ADJ
er-2791	195	9	instructor	instructor	NOUN
er-2791	195	10	teaches	teach	VERB
er-2791	195	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	195	12	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	195	13	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	195	14	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	195	15	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	195	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	196	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	196	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	196	3	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	196	4	described	describe	VERB
er-2791	196	5	here	here	ADV
er-2791	196	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	196	7	a	a	DET
er-2791	196	8	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
er-2791	196	9	decision	decision	NOUN
er-2791	196	10	was	be	AUX
er-2791	196	11	made	make	VERB
er-2791	196	12	to	to	PART
er-2791	196	13	involve	involve	VERB
er-2791	196	14	two	two	NUM
er-2791	196	15	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	196	16	faculty	faculty	NOUN
er-2791	196	17	members	member	NOUN
er-2791	196	18	representing	represent	VERB
er-2791	196	19	two	two	NUM
er-2791	196	20	departments	department	NOUN
er-2791	196	21	of	of	ADP
er-2791	196	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	196	23	university	university	NOUN
er-2791	196	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	197	1	doing	do	VERB
er-2791	197	2	this	this	PRON
er-2791	197	3	has	have	AUX
er-2791	197	4	provided	provide	VERB
er-2791	197	5	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	197	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	197	7	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
er-2791	197	8	to	to	PART
er-2791	197	9	experience	experience	VERB
er-2791	197	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	197	11	content	content	NOUN
er-2791	197	12	from	from	ADP
er-2791	197	13	two	two	NUM
er-2791	197	14	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	197	15	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
er-2791	197	16	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	197	17	through	through	ADP
er-2791	197	18	two	two	NUM
er-2791	197	19	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	197	20	teaching	teaching	NOUN
er-2791	197	21	styles	style	NOUN
er-2791	197	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	198	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	198	2	practice	practice	NOUN
er-2791	198	3	supports	support	VERB
er-2791	198	4	a	a	DET
er-2791	198	5	variety	variety	NOUN
er-2791	198	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	198	7	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	198	8	learning	learn	VERB
er-2791	198	9	styles	style	NOUN
er-2791	198	10	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	198	11	needs	need	NOUN
er-2791	198	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	199	1	next	next	ADJ
er-2791	199	2	steps	step	NOUN
er-2791	199	3	extending	extend	VERB
er-2791	199	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	199	5	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	199	6	based	base	VERB
er-2791	199	7	on	on	ADP
er-2791	199	8	the	the	DET
er-2791	199	9	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	199	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	199	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	199	12	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	199	13	of	of	ADP
er-2791	199	14	a	a	DET
er-2791	199	15	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	199	16	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	199	17	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	199	18	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	199	19	for	for	ADP
er-2791	199	20	the	the	DET
er-2791	199	21	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	199	22	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	199	23	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	199	24	for	for	ADP
er-2791	199	25	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	199	26	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	199	27	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	199	28	the	the	DET
er-2791	199	29	co	co	NOUN
er-2791	199	30	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	199	31	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	199	32	option	option	NOUN
er-2791	199	33	has	have	AUX
er-2791	199	34	been	be	AUX
er-2791	199	35	opened	open	VERB
er-2791	199	36	to	to	ADP
er-2791	199	37	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	199	38	with	with	ADP
er-2791	199	39	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	199	40	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	199	41	than	than	ADP
er-2791	199	42	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	199	43	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	200	1	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
er-2791	200	2	in	in	ADP
er-2791	200	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	200	4	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	200	5	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	200	6	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	200	7	sections	section	NOUN
er-2791	200	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	200	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	200	10	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	200	11	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	200	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	200	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	200	14	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	200	15	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	200	16	has	have	AUX
er-2791	200	17	grown	grow	VERB
er-2791	200	18	tremendously	tremendously	ADV
er-2791	200	19	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	200	20	several	several	ADJ
er-2791	200	21	sections	section	NOUN
er-2791	200	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	200	23	each	each	DET
er-2791	200	24	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	200	25	must	must	AUX
er-2791	200	26	now	now	ADV
er-2791	200	27	be	be	AUX
er-2791	200	28	offered	offer	VERB
er-2791	200	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	201	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	201	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	201	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	201	5	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	201	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	201	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	201	8	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	201	9	has	have	AUX
er-2791	201	10	led	lead	VERB
er-2791	201	11	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	201	12	to	to	PART
er-2791	201	13	begin	begin	VERB
er-2791	201	14	offering	offer	VERB
er-2791	201	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	201	16	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	201	17	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	201	18	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	201	19	option	option	NOUN
er-2791	201	20	for	for	ADP
er-2791	201	21	a	a	DET
er-2791	201	22	second	second	ADJ
er-2791	201	23	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	201	24	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	201	25	introduction	introduction	NOUN
er-2791	201	26	to	to	ADP
er-2791	201	27	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	201	28	modeling	modeling	NOUN
er-2791	201	29	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	202	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	202	2	same	same	ADJ
er-2791	202	3	structure	structure	NOUN
er-2791	202	4	of	of	ADP
er-2791	202	5	offering	offer	VERB
er-2791	202	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	202	7	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	202	8	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	202	9	through	through	ADP
er-2791	202	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	202	11	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	202	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	202	13	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	202	14	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	202	15	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	202	16	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	202	17	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	202	18	the	the	DET
er-2791	202	19	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	202	20	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	202	21	through	through	ADP
er-2791	202	22	the	the	DET
er-2791	202	23	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	202	24	of	of	ADP
er-2791	202	25	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	202	26	enrichment	enrichment	NOUN
er-2791	202	27	is	be	AUX
er-2791	202	28	being	be	AUX
er-2791	202	29	utilized	utilize	VERB
er-2791	202	30	with	with	ADP
er-2791	202	31	this	this	DET
er-2791	202	32	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	202	33	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	202	34	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	203	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	203	2	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	203	3	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	203	4	is	be	AUX
er-2791	203	5	structured	structure	VERB
er-2791	203	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	203	7	a	a	DET
er-2791	203	8	similar	similar	ADJ
er-2791	203	9	manner	manner	NOUN
er-2791	203	10	as	as	ADP
er-2791	203	11	the	the	DET
er-2791	203	12	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	203	13	used	use	VERB
er-2791	203	14	with	with	ADP
er-2791	203	15	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
er-2791	203	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	203	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	204	1	this	this	DET
er-2791	204	2	fall	fall	NOUN
er-2791	204	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	204	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	204	5	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	204	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	204	7	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	204	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	204	9	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	204	10	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	204	11	will	will	AUX
er-2791	204	12	use	use	VERB
er-2791	204	13	a	a	DET
er-2791	204	14	corequisite	corequisite	NOUN
er-2791	204	15	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	204	16	for	for	ADP
er-2791	204	17	basic	basic	ADJ
er-2791	204	18	statistics	statistic	NOUN
er-2791	204	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	205	1	for	for	ADP
er-2791	205	2	this	this	DET
er-2791	205	3	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	205	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	205	5	both	both	CCONJ
er-2791	205	6	the	the	DET
er-2791	205	7	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	205	8	course	course	NOUN
er-2791	205	9	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	205	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	205	11	dml	dml	PROPN
er-2791	205	12	will	will	AUX
er-2791	205	13	be	be	AUX
er-2791	205	14	offered	offer	VERB
er-2791	205	15	in	in	ADP
er-2791	205	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	205	17	department	department	NOUN
er-2791	205	18	of	of	ADP
er-2791	205	19	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	205	20	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	205	21	computer	computer	NOUN
er-2791	205	22	science	science	NOUN
er-2791	205	23	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	206	1	data	datum	NOUN
er-2791	206	2	will	will	AUX
er-2791	206	3	be	be	AUX
er-2791	206	4	collected	collect	VERB
er-2791	206	5	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	206	6	analyzed	analyze	VERB
er-2791	206	7	for	for	ADP
er-2791	206	8	each	each	PRON
er-2791	206	9	of	of	ADP
er-2791	206	10	these	these	DET
er-2791	206	11	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	206	12	models	model	NOUN
er-2791	206	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	207	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
er-2791	207	2	the	the	DET
er-2791	207	3	co	co	NOUN
er-2791	207	4	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	207	5	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	207	6	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	207	7	implemented	implement	VERB
er-2791	207	8	by	by	ADP
er-2791	207	9	the	the	DET
er-2791	207	10	mwu	mwu	NOUN
er-2791	207	11	has	have	AUX
er-2791	207	12	resulted	result	VERB
er-2791	207	13	in	in	ADP
er-2791	207	14	positive	positive	ADJ
er-2791	207	15	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
er-2791	207	16	for	for	ADP
er-2791	207	17	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	207	18	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	208	1	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	208	2	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	208	3	have	have	AUX
er-2791	208	4	been	be	AUX
er-2791	208	5	supported	support	VERB
er-2791	208	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	208	7	achieving	achieve	VERB
er-2791	208	8	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	208	9	in	in	ADP
er-2791	208	10	gateway	gateway	NOUN
er-2791	208	11	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	208	12	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	208	13	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	208	14	in	in	ADP
er-2791	208	15	gaining	gain	VERB
er-2791	208	16	the	the	DET
er-2791	208	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
er-2791	208	18	required	require	VERB
er-2791	208	19	for	for	ADP
er-2791	208	20	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	208	21	completion	completion	NOUN
er-2791	208	22	of	of	ADP
er-2791	208	23	required	require	VERB
er-2791	208	24	teacher	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	208	25	certification	certification	NOUN
er-2791	208	26	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	208	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	209	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	209	2	addition	addition	NOUN
er-2791	209	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	209	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	209	5	credit	credit	NOUN
er-2791	209	6	hours	hour	NOUN
er-2791	209	7	previously	previously	ADV
er-2791	209	8	devoted	devote	VERB
er-2791	209	9	to	to	ADP
er-2791	209	10	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	209	11	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	209	12	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	209	13	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	209	14	math	math	NOUN
er-2791	209	15	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	209	16	can	can	AUX
er-2791	209	17	now	now	ADV
er-2791	209	18	be	be	AUX
er-2791	209	19	spent	spend	VERB
er-2791	209	20	on	on	ADP
er-2791	209	21	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	209	22	required	require	VERB
er-2791	209	23	or	or	CCONJ
er-2791	209	24	elective	elective	ADJ
er-2791	209	25	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	209	26	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	210	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	210	2	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	210	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	210	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	210	5	pilot	pilot	NOUN
er-2791	210	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	210	7	the	the	DET
er-2791	210	8	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	210	9	has	have	AUX
er-2791	210	10	resulted	result	VERB
er-2791	210	11	in	in	ADP
er-2791	210	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	210	13	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	210	14	being	be	AUX
er-2791	210	15	extended	extend	VERB
er-2791	210	16	to	to	PART
er-2791	210	17	include	include	VERB
er-2791	210	18	majors	major	NOUN
er-2791	210	19	other	other	ADJ
er-2791	210	20	than	than	ADP
er-2791	210	21	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	210	22	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	210	23	to	to	ADP
er-2791	210	24	additional	additional	ADJ
er-2791	210	25	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	210	26	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	210	27	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	211	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	211	2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
er-2791	211	3	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	211	4	yet	yet	ADV
er-2791	211	5	informed	inform	VERB
er-2791	211	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	211	7	move	move	VERB
er-2791	211	8	away	away	ADV
er-2791	211	9	from	from	ADP
er-2791	211	10	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	211	11	practices	practice	NOUN
er-2791	211	12	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	211	13	the	the	DET
er-2791	211	14	willingness	willingness	NOUN
er-2791	211	15	to	to	PART
er-2791	211	16	undertake	undertake	VERB
er-2791	211	17	the	the	DET
er-2791	211	18	work	work	NOUN
er-2791	211	19	involved	involve	VERB
er-2791	211	20	in	in	ADP
er-2791	211	21	trying	try	VERB
er-2791	211	22	something	something	PRON
er-2791	211	23	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	211	24	has	have	AUX
er-2791	211	25	led	lead	VERB
er-2791	211	26	to	to	ADP
er-2791	211	27	very	very	ADV
er-2791	211	28	different	different	ADJ
er-2791	211	29	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	211	30	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	211	31	very	very	ADV
er-2791	211	32	positive	positive	ADJ
er-2791	211	33	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	211	34	results	result	NOUN
er-2791	211	35	for	for	ADP
er-2791	211	36	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	211	37	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	212	1	24	24	NUM
er-2791	212	2	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	212	3	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	212	4	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	212	5	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	212	6	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	212	7	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	212	8	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	212	9	references	reference	NOUN
er-2791	212	10	arendale	arendale	NOUN
er-2791	212	11	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	212	12	d.	d.	PROPN
er-2791	212	13	r.	r.	PROPN
er-2791	212	14	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	212	15	2011	2011	NUM
er-2791	212	16	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	212	17	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	213	1	then	then	ADV
er-2791	213	2	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	213	3	now	now	ADV
er-2791	213	4	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	213	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	213	6	early	early	ADJ
er-2791	213	7	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	213	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	213	9	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	213	10	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	213	11	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	214	1	research	research	NOUN
er-2791	214	2	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	214	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
er-2791	214	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	214	5	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	214	6	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	214	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	214	8	27(2	27(2	PRON
er-2791	214	9	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	214	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	214	11	58	58	NUM
er-2791	214	12	-	-	SYM
er-2791	214	13	76	76	NUM
er-2791	214	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	215	1	aslan	aslan	PROPN
er-2791	215	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	215	3	d.	d.	PROPN
er-2791	215	4	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	215	5	2013	2013	NUM
er-2791	215	6	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	215	7	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	216	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	216	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
er-2791	216	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	216	4	preand	preand	NOUN
er-2791	216	5	in	in	ADP
er-2791	216	6	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	216	7	service	service	NOUN
er-2791	216	8	preschool	preschool	NOUN
er-2791	216	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	216	10	’	'	PUNCT
er-2791	216	11	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	216	12	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	216	13	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	216	14	beliefs	belief	NOUN
er-2791	216	15	about	about	ADP
er-2791	216	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	216	17	for	for	ADP
er-2791	216	18	young	young	ADJ
er-2791	216	19	children	child	NOUN
er-2791	216	20	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	217	1	academic	academic	ADJ
er-2791	217	2	research	research	PROPN
er-2791	217	3	international	international	PROPN
er-2791	217	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	217	5	4(2	4(2	NUM
er-2791	217	6	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	217	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	217	8	225	225	NUM
er-2791	217	9	-	-	SYM
er-2791	217	10	230	230	NUM
er-2791	217	11	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	218	1	bekdemir	bekdemir	PROPN
er-2791	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	218	3	m.	m.	NOUN
er-2791	218	4	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	218	5	2010	2010	NUM
er-2791	218	6	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	218	7	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	219	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	219	2	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	219	3	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	219	4	service	service	ADJ
er-2791	219	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	219	6	’	'	PUNCT
er-2791	219	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	219	8	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	219	9	related	relate	VERB
er-2791	219	10	to	to	ADP
er-2791	219	11	depth	depth	NOUN
er-2791	219	12	of	of	ADP
er-2791	219	13	negative	negative	ADJ
er-2791	219	14	experiences	experience	NOUN
er-2791	219	15	in	in	ADP
er-2791	219	16	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
er-2791	219	17	classroom	classroom	NOUN
er-2791	219	18	while	while	SCONJ
er-2791	219	19	they	they	PRON
er-2791	219	20	were	be	AUX
er-2791	219	21	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	219	22	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	220	1	educational	educational	ADJ
er-2791	220	2	studies	study	NOUN
er-2791	220	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	220	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	220	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	220	6	75(3	75(3	NUM
er-2791	220	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	220	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	220	9	311	311	NUM
er-2791	220	10	-	-	SYM
er-2791	220	11	328	328	NUM
er-2791	220	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	221	1	bitner	bitner	PROPN
er-2791	221	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	221	3	j.	j.	PROPN
er-2791	221	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	221	5	austin	austin	PROPN
er-2791	221	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	221	7	s.	s.	PROPN
er-2791	221	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	221	9	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	221	10	wadlington	wadlington	PROPN
er-2791	221	11	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	221	12	e.	e.	PROPN
er-2791	221	13	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	221	14	1994	1994	NUM
er-2791	221	15	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	221	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	222	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	222	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
er-2791	222	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	222	4	math	math	NOUN
er-2791	222	5	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	222	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	222	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
er-2791	222	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	222	9	nontraditional	nontraditional	ADJ
er-2791	222	10	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	222	11	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	222	12	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	222	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	223	1	research	research	NOUN
er-2791	223	2	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	223	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
er-2791	223	4	in	in	ADP
er-2791	223	5	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	223	6	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	223	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	223	8	10(2	10(2	NUM
er-2791	223	9	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	223	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	223	11	35	35	NUM
er-2791	223	12	-	-	SYM
er-2791	223	13	43	43	NUM
er-2791	223	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	224	1	boylan	boylan	PROPN
er-2791	224	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	224	3	h.	h.	PROPN
er-2791	224	4	r.	r.	PROPN
er-2791	224	5	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	224	6	2009	2009	NUM
er-2791	224	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	224	8	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	225	1	targeted	target	VERB
er-2791	225	2	intervention	intervention	NOUN
er-2791	225	3	for	for	ADP
er-2791	225	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	225	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	225	6	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	225	7	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	225	8	t.i.d.e.s	t.i.d.e.s	ADV
er-2791	225	9	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	225	10	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	225	11	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	226	1	journal	journal	NOUN
er-2791	226	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	226	3	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	226	4	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	226	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	226	6	32(3	32(3	NUM
er-2791	226	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	226	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	226	9	14	14	NUM
er-2791	226	10	-	-	SYM
er-2791	226	11	23	23	NUM
er-2791	226	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	227	1	castator	castator	PROPN
er-2791	227	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	227	3	m.	m.	NOUN
er-2791	227	4	m.	m.	NOUN
er-2791	227	5	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	227	6	1995	1995	NUM
er-2791	227	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	227	8	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	228	1	identifying	identify	VERB
er-2791	228	2	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	228	3	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	228	4	risk	risk	NOUN
er-2791	228	5	courses	course	NOUN
er-2791	228	6	for	for	ADP
er-2791	228	7	underprepared	underprepared	ADJ
er-2791	228	8	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	228	9	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	229	1	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	229	2	unpublished	unpublished	ADJ
er-2791	229	3	doctoral	doctoral	ADJ
er-2791	229	4	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
er-2791	229	5	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	229	6	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	230	1	university	university	PROPN
er-2791	230	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	230	3	kansas	kansas	PROPN
er-2791	230	4	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	230	5	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
er-2791	230	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	230	7	ks	ks	PROPN
er-2791	230	8	.	.	PROPN
er-2791	230	9	clough	clough	PROPN
er-2791	230	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	230	11	s.	s.	PROPN
er-2791	230	12	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	230	13	montgomery	montgomery	PROPN
er-2791	230	14	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	230	15	s.	s.	PROPN
er-2791	230	16	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	230	17	2015	2015	NUM
er-2791	230	18	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	230	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	231	1	how	how	SCONJ
er-2791	231	2	act	act	NOUN
er-2791	231	3	assessments	assessment	NOUN
er-2791	231	4	align	align	VERB
er-2791	231	5	with	with	ADP
er-2791	231	6	state	state	NOUN
er-2791	231	7	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	231	8	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	231	9	career	career	NOUN
er-2791	231	10	readiness	readiness	NOUN
er-2791	231	11	standards	standard	NOUN
er-2791	231	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	232	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
er-2791	232	2	from	from	ADP
er-2791	232	3	act	act	PROPN
er-2791	232	4	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	232	5	http://www.discoveract	http://www.discoveract	PROPN
er-2791	232	6	aspire.org/pdf/act_alignment-whte-paper.pdf	aspire.org/pdf/act_alignment-whte-paper.pdf	PROPN
er-2791	232	7	cooper	cooper	PROPN
er-2791	232	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	232	9	k.	k.	PROPN
er-2791	232	10	j.	j.	PROPN
er-2791	232	11	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	232	12	2014	2014	NUM
er-2791	232	13	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	232	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	233	1	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	233	2	rescue	rescue	NOUN
er-2791	233	3	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	233	4	new	new	ADJ
er-2791	233	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
er-2791	233	6	to	to	ADP
er-2791	233	7	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	233	8	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	233	9	have	have	AUX
er-2791	233	10	proved	prove	VERB
er-2791	233	11	successful	successful	ADJ
er-2791	233	12	for	for	ADP
er-2791	233	13	several	several	ADJ
er-2791	233	14	two	two	NUM
er-2791	233	15	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	233	16	year	year	NOUN
er-2791	233	17	colleges	college	NOUN
er-2791	233	18	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	234	1	diverse	diverse	ADJ
er-2791	234	2	issues	issue	NOUN
er-2791	234	3	in	in	ADP
er-2791	234	4	higher	high	ADJ
er-2791	234	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	234	6	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	234	7	31(18	31(18	NUM
er-2791	234	8	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	234	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	234	10	14	14	NUM
er-2791	234	11	-	-	SYM
er-2791	234	12	15	15	NUM
er-2791	234	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	235	1	co	co	ADJ
er-2791	235	2	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	235	3	requisite	requisite	ADJ
er-2791	235	4	model	model	NOUN
er-2791	235	5	for	for	ADP
er-2791	235	6	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	235	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	235	8	25	25	NUM
er-2791	235	9	core	core	NOUN
er-2791	235	10	principles	principle	NOUN
er-2791	235	11	for	for	ADP
er-2791	235	12	transforming	transform	VERB
er-2791	235	13	remediation	remediation	NOUN
er-2791	235	14	within	within	ADP
er-2791	235	15	a	a	DET
er-2791	235	16	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
er-2791	235	17	student	student	NOUN
er-2791	235	18	success	success	NOUN
er-2791	235	19	strategy	strategy	NOUN
er-2791	235	20	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	235	21	a	a	DET
er-2791	235	22	joint	joint	ADJ
er-2791	235	23	statement	statement	NOUN
er-2791	235	24	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	236	1	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	236	2	2015	2015	NUM
er-2791	236	3	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	236	4	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	237	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
er-2791	237	2	from	from	ADP
er-2791	237	3	http://completecollege.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/core-principles-2015.pdf	http://completecollege.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/core-principles-2015.pdf	PROPN
er-2791	237	4	gresham	gresham	PROPN
er-2791	237	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	237	6	g.	g.	PROPN
er-2791	237	7	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	237	8	2007	2007	NUM
er-2791	237	9	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	237	10	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	238	1	a	a	DET
er-2791	238	2	study	study	NOUN
er-2791	238	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	238	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	238	5	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
er-2791	238	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	238	7	pre	pre	ADJ
er-2791	238	8	-	-	ADJ
er-2791	238	9	service	service	ADJ
er-2791	238	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	238	11	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	239	1	early	early	ADJ
er-2791	239	2	childhood	childhood	PROPN
er-2791	239	3	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	239	4	journal	journal	NOUN
er-2791	239	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	239	6	35(2	35(2	NUM
er-2791	239	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	239	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	239	9	181	181	NUM
er-2791	239	10	-	-	SYM
er-2791	239	11	188	188	NUM
er-2791	239	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	240	1	lambdin	lambdin	PROPN
er-2791	240	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	240	3	d.	d.	PROPN
er-2791	240	4	v.	v.	PROPN
er-2791	240	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	240	6	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	240	7	walcott	walcott	PROPN
er-2791	240	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	240	9	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	240	10	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	240	11	2007	2007	NUM
er-2791	240	12	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	240	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	241	1	changes	change	NOUN
er-2791	241	2	through	through	ADP
er-2791	241	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	241	4	years	year	NOUN
er-2791	241	5	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	241	6	connections	connection	NOUN
er-2791	241	7	between	between	ADP
er-2791	241	8	psychological	psychological	ADJ
er-2791	241	9	learning	learning	NOUN
er-2791	241	10	theories	theory	NOUN
er-2791	241	11	and	and	CCONJ
er-2791	241	12	the	the	DET
er-2791	241	13	school	school	NOUN
er-2791	241	14	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	241	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
er-2791	241	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	242	1	in	in	ADP
er-2791	242	2	w.g	w.g	PROPN
er-2791	242	3	.	.	PROPN
er-2791	242	4	martin	martin	PROPN
er-2791	242	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	242	6	m.e	m.e	PROPN
er-2791	242	7	.	.	PROPN
er-2791	242	8	strutchens	strutchens	PROPN
er-2791	242	9	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	242	10	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	242	11	p.c	p.c	PROPN
er-2791	242	12	.	.	PROPN
er-2791	242	13	elliott	elliott	PROPN
er-2791	242	14	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	242	15	eds	eds	PROPN
er-2791	242	16	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	242	17	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	242	18	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	242	19	the	the	DET
er-2791	242	20	learning	learning	NOUN
er-2791	242	21	of	of	ADP
er-2791	242	22	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	242	23	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	242	24	sixty	sixty	NUM
er-2791	242	25	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	242	26	ninth	ninth	ADJ
er-2791	242	27	yearbook	yearbook	NOUN
er-2791	242	28	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	242	29	pp	pp	ADJ
er-2791	242	30	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	242	31	3	3	NUM
er-2791	242	32	-	-	SYM
er-2791	242	33	25	25	NUM
er-2791	242	34	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	242	35	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	243	1	reston	reston	PROPN
er-2791	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	243	3	va	va	PROPN
er-2791	243	4	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	243	5	the	the	DET
er-2791	243	6	national	national	PROPN
er-2791	243	7	council	council	PROPN
er-2791	243	8	of	of	ADP
er-2791	243	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
er-2791	243	10	of	of	ADP
er-2791	243	11	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
er-2791	243	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	244	1	saxon	saxon	PROPN
er-2791	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	244	3	d.	d.	PROPN
er-2791	244	4	p.	p.	PROPN
er-2791	244	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	244	6	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	244	7	boylan	boylan	PROPN
er-2791	244	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	244	9	h.	h.	PROPN
er-2791	244	10	r.	r.	PROPN
er-2791	244	11	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	244	12	2001	2001	NUM
er-2791	244	13	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	244	14	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	245	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	245	2	cost	cost	NOUN
er-2791	245	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	245	4	remedial	remedial	ADJ
er-2791	245	5	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	245	6	in	in	ADP
er-2791	245	7	higher	high	ADJ
er-2791	245	8	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	245	9	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	246	1	journal	journal	NOUN
er-2791	246	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	246	3	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	246	4	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	246	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	246	6	25(2	25(2	NUM
er-2791	246	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	246	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	246	9	2	2	NUM
er-2791	246	10	-	-	SYM
er-2791	246	11	8	8	NUM
er-2791	246	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	247	1	stahl	stahl	PROPN
er-2791	247	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	247	3	n.	n.	PROPN
er-2791	247	4	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	247	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	247	6	simpson	simpson	PROPN
er-2791	247	7	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	247	8	m.	m.	PROPN
er-2791	247	9	l.	l.	PROPN
er-2791	247	10	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	247	11	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	247	12	hayes	hayes	PROPN
er-2791	247	13	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	247	14	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	247	15	g.	g.	PROPN
er-2791	247	16	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	247	17	1992	1992	NUM
er-2791	247	18	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	247	19	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	248	1	ten	ten	NUM
er-2791	248	2	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
er-2791	248	3	from	from	ADP
er-2791	248	4	research	research	NOUN
er-2791	248	5	for	for	ADP
er-2791	248	6	teaching	teach	VERB
er-2791	248	7	high	high	ADJ
er-2791	248	8	-	-	PUNCT
er-2791	248	9	risk	risk	NOUN
er-2791	248	10	college	college	NOUN
er-2791	248	11	students	student	NOUN
er-2791	248	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	249	1	journal	journal	NOUN
er-2791	249	2	of	of	ADP
er-2791	249	3	developmental	developmental	ADJ
er-2791	249	4	education	education	NOUN
er-2791	249	5	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	249	6	16(1	16(1	NUM
er-2791	249	7	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	249	8	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	249	9	2	2	NUM
er-2791	249	10	-	-	SYM
er-2791	249	11	10	10	NUM
er-2791	249	12	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	250	1	tucker	tucker	PROPN
er-2791	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
er-2791	250	3	a.	a.	NOUN
er-2791	250	4	(	(	PUNCT
er-2791	250	5	2012	2012	NUM
er-2791	250	6	)	)	PUNCT
er-2791	250	7	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	251	1	the	the	DET
er-2791	251	2	history	history	NOUN
er-2791	251	3	of	of	ADP
er-2791	251	4	the	the	DET
er-2791	251	5	undergraduate	undergraduate	NOUN
er-2791	251	6	program	program	NOUN
er-2791	251	7	in	in	ADP
er-2791	251	8	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
er-2791	251	9	in	in	ADP
er-2791	251	10	the	the	DET
er-2791	251	11	united	united	PROPN
er-2791	251	12	states	states	PROPN
er-2791	251	13	.	.	PUNCT
er-2791	252	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
er-2791	252	2	from	from	ADP
er-2791	252	3	the	the	DET
er-2791	252	4	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
er-2791	252	5	association	association	NOUN
er-2791	252	6	of	of	ADP
er-2791	252	7	america	america	PROPN
er-2791	252	8	:	:	PUNCT
er-2791	252	9	http://www.maa.org/sitesdefault/files/pdf/cupm/pdf/maaundergradhistory.pdf	http://www.maa.org/sitesdefault/files/pdf/cupm/pdf/maaundergradhistory.pdf	NOUN
er-2791	252	10	26	26	NUM
er-2791	252	11	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	252	12	c.	c.	PROPN
er-2791	252	13	atkins	atkins	PROPN
er-2791	252	14	&	&	CCONJ
er-2791	252	15	a.	a.	PROPN
er-2791	252	16	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
er-2791	252	17	  	  	SPACE
er-2791	252	18	page	page	NOUN
er-2791	253	1	intentional	intentional	ADJ
er-2791	253	2	blank	blank	ADJ