[{"id": "elements-10050", "words": "4291", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Abate, Danielle Jean", "title": "Classroom for Debate: When Students with Autism Succeed in Inclusive Classrooms", "date": "2018", "keywords": "autism; classroom; education; environment; peers; students; teachers", "summary": "Even when special education students have less severe limitations, the spending allocated to them is still greater than that for general education students, mere- ly because the student is documented as having a disability (Legislative Analyst\u2019s Office, 2013). Only 15% to 40% of special education students are capable of completing their English Language Arts examination with a score of proficient or higher; in comparison, 40% to 70% of general education students are able to accomplish this feat (Legislative Analyst\u2019s Office, 2013) (See Appen- dix).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10323", "words": "3628", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Reilly, Rebecca Colleen", "title": "\u201cDo not kill them, lest my people forget\u201d: Changes in Attitudes Towards Jews in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century England", "date": "2018", "keywords": "christian; england; english; ibid; jews; medieval; thomas; william", "summary": "since economic reason- ing alone does not explain the treatment of the Jews in the latter half of the thir- teenth century, this essay also examines instances of anti-Jewish violence and suc- cessive plantagenet kings\u2019 policies targeting the Jews, indentifying them as indicators or constructions of religious and national alterity. The later moral preaching discouraging intermarriage and interaction may have been a response to this behavior which, he points out, was either widespread or widely known.10 Attacks on Jews throughout Europe appear in records around the time of the First Crusade, but records from the time do not even seem to evidence a collective English awareness of Jews.11 The \u201cblood libel\u201d legend and accusations of ritual murder that emerge in the mid-twelfth century appear to have been a factor in increasing anti-Jewish attitudes, but it seems more plausible to read the incidences as symptom- atic instead of pathological.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10324", "words": "4847", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Burgess, Hailey", "title": "Stratified English-Language Fluency in Jordan: Perpetuating class division and limiting socioeconomic opportunity", "date": "2018", "keywords": "amman; arabic; class; education; english; jordan; language; public; schools; students", "summary": "Thus, severe disparities in English language education not only creates pockets of opportunity and wealth in the capital, but also excludes citizenry from already poverty-stricken and resource deficient outer governorates. English language education in Jordan: Some recent trends and challenges.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10325", "words": "3473", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Loos, Rachel", "title": "Environmental Racism: Lead Tainted Water in Flint, Michigan", "date": "2018", "keywords": "children; environmental; flint; lead; levels; people; racism; water; web", "summary": "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) later analyzed over 7,000 children, and found that children who drank Flint water had a 50 percent higher risk of dangerously elevated blood lead levels than before the switch. Residents are understandably reluctant to drink the water from their taps again, and Governor Snyder has pledged to drink Flint water for 30 days to prove it is safe (Kennedy).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10326", "words": "4486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sabal, Matt", "title": "The Market for Blood: Should Donations be Incentivized in the United States?", "date": "2018", "keywords": "blood; cash; donations; donors; drives; incentives; red; supply", "summary": "hoWever, others find moral and ethical is- sues With paying Blood donors, and have concerns aBout hoW this could compro- mise the safety of donated Blood. Transfusion from donor blood will be much cheaper, readily available, and safe in the foreseeable future.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10327", "words": "7777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Brown, Ashley Prescott", "title": "Visual Metaphors for the People: Unpacking Sergei Eisenstein\u2019s Pedagogy of the Russian Revolution Through Film", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bolshevik; cinema; eisenstein; fig; film; masses; metaphors; people; revolution; sergei eisenstein; shots; soviet; workers", "summary": "Sergei Eisenstein, The General Line (Soviet Union: Sovkino, 1929). 20. quoted in Goodwin, Eisenstein, Cinema, and History, 50. 21. One critic hailed October as the \u201csymphony after the \u00e9tude of Potemkin;\u201d35 Eisenstein again infused his film\u2019s revolu- tionary quality with the motifs of its setting.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10328", "words": "3935", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Fox, Sophia", "title": "Wonder Woman and Modern Feminism", "date": "2018", "keywords": "character; feminism; film; movement; movie; popularity; woman; wonder; wonder woman", "summary": "This cyclic relationship between feminism and Wonder Woman dem- onstrates both the popularity of feminism, as well as Won- der Woman\u2019s permanent place within the movement. For generations, Wonder Woman has been a staple oF both the comic book industry and popular Feminist discourse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10332", "words": "4801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Samir, Sara", "title": "Relationship Between Salivary Cortisol, Self-Assessed Stress Levels, and Body Mass Index in High Achieving High School Adolescents", "date": "2018", "keywords": "adolescents; bmi; cortisol; et al; high; levels; participants; stress; study; weight", "summary": "While the relationship was not significant, it appears that both cortisol and BMI were negatively correlated, therefore participants who had higher cortisol levels generally had a lower BMI. It is often ob- served that over time, chronic stress contributes to higher \u201cWhile the relationship was not significant, it appears that both cortisol and BMI were negatively correlated, therefore participants who had higher cortisol levels generally had a lower BMI.\u201d table 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10333", "words": "4802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Mejia, Jorge Steven", "title": "Venezuela in Crisis: A Backgrounder", "date": "2018", "keywords": "ch\u00e1vez; crisis; december; democracy; hugo; maduro; oil; petro; politics; puntofijismo; regime; social; state; venezuela", "summary": "This collapse of Puntofijismo ran parallel with the emergence of an alternative political project of special relevance to contemporary Venezuela: Hugo Ch\u00e1vez\u2019s Bolivarianismo. This duality, while seemingly contradictory, helps to situate contemporary Venezuela within its prior development (e.g., pacted democracy and a rentier economy), but also account for contingencies (e.g., Ch\u00e1vez\u2019s 1999 constitu- tional reform and regime hybridity).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-10542", "words": "5395", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kennedy, Isabelle; McCabe, Molly; Rodgers, Katelyn", "title": "Leveling the Ice: The Discrepancy Between Male and Female Athletics at Boston College", "date": "2018", "keywords": "games; hockey; investment; lack; spectator; sports; team; women", "summary": "some arTicles, such as women\u2019s sporTs FoundaTion (2010) and carpenTer & acosTa (2005), ciTe lack oF Funds and media visibiliTy as To why women\u2019s sporTs are noT as highly regarded as men\u2019s sporTs. oTher arTicles, such as messner (2000) and nwlc (2012), explain ThaT The disproporTion in coverage oF men\u2019s and women\u2019s sporTs is based on socieTy\u2019s expecTaTions oF women and The assumpTion Feminine\u201cweaknesses\u201d This paper examines The men\u2019s and women\u2019s ice hockey Teams aT bosTon college and deTails The issues surrounding Team schedules, Fan aTTendance, universiTy supporT, and media presence in an aTTempT To deTermine wheTher bc women\u2019s ice hockey receives diFFer- enT levels oF supporT and invesTmenT From bc compared To The bc men\u2019s hockey Team, and wheTher This diFFerenTial invesTmenT leads To a unique specTaTor experience ThaT may explain The lack oF specTaTor aTTendance aT bc women\u2019s hockey games.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14895", "words": "5158", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Elements; Sepe, Czar", "title": "Ireland Reimagined: Grasping Historial Perceptions for the Decade of Centenaries", "date": "2022", "keywords": "century; commemoration; history; ireland; irish; northern; public; rising; war", "summary": "Clearly, the notion of inclusion, as well as transnationalism and intersectionality in public commemoration, arose as a re- sult of a fear of conflict and Ireland\u2019s past experiences with historical commemoration. Although the DOC was a complicated a3air in the Irish and Northern Irish political spheres, the decade accomplished great strides in an intersectional and interdisciplinary study of Irish history, whether from state- sponsored events or grassroots activism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14907", "words": "4242", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Elements; Cohen, Caroline", "title": "Food for Thought: Researching Nutrition's Mitigating Effects on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease", "date": "2022", "keywords": "brain; diet; fat; mind; stress", "summary": ",2 5-,+# %20 74%2!,!. ) # %,,$ \u00a9 L.tak (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank_map.svg), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode +,2%\u2019) '23',23 !#--,!'-,%& 0,)54!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14909", "words": "4529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Elements; Riherd, Will", "title": "Neuromorphic Computing: Explaining how Projected SNN Training will Largely Impact our Interactions with Technology", "date": "2022", "keywords": "chip; computing; future; intel; learning; loihi; neuromorphic; research; system; technology", "summary": "They will continue to outperform neuromorphic computing systems for conventional processing tasks. ,2 5-,+# %20 74%2!,!. )", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14911", "words": "15716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Elements; Fu, Daniel", "title": "The Continuing Containment: Evaluating the Trump Administration's China Containment Strategy on Eastern Regions and Beyond", "date": "2022", "keywords": "administration; american; asia; capabilities; china; china sea; chinese; december; defense; june; military; national; naval; navy; new; november; october; pacific; pla; policy; power; reuters; robert; ross; security; south china; states; taiwan; trade; trump; u.s; united; war", "summary": "They have been shown to be highly precise, with a circular error probability (CEP) of less than fifty me- ters.58 In August 2020, China successfully tested the DF- 21D and DF-26B \u201ccarrier-killer\u201d and Guam-killer\u201d mis- siles in the South China Sea.59 Wang Xiangsui, a former PLA colonel, has stated that the missiles could hit a mov- ing target.60 Andrew Erickson estimates that China may have more than two hundred DF-26 missiles in its arse- nal.61 China\u2019s strides in missile R&D has also led to the creation of the DF-5B liquid-fueled intercontinental ballis- \u201cHaving eliminated threats along its continental periphery, China has investigated significantly in bolstering its naval capabilities to counter U.S. maritime hegemony in the Indo-Pacific.\u201d 77 ! In October 2020 for example, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urged Indonesia to find \u201cnew ways\u201d of cooperation in the South China Sea.124 Lastly, the Pacific Deterrence Initiative, recently authorized by the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), will see the U.S. allocate an additional 6 billion USD in military funding to bolster deterrence in the Indo-Pacific.125 EFFECTIVENESS AND CHINESE RESPONSES The Trump administration\u2019s containment policy has not led to productive trade relations with China, stability in the Indo-Pacific, or more robust alliances.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14915", "words": "8509", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Elements; Cattich, Ryan", "title": "The Digital Pandemic: Averting Negative Externalities of Disinformation Through Platforms", "date": "2022", "keywords": "act; companies; content; facebook; google; law; liability; misinformation; news; people; platform; policy; section; spread; twitter; users; youtube", "summary": "*#61$ #$)'9!6 %$0(!' 230 !% '( * #$*%'*3+$ %'+1(!', #*(/$# * ,2 5-,+# %20 74%2!,!. )", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14923", "words": "7874", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Elements; Rostad, Thomas", "title": "Let the Sun do the Work: Analyzing the Economic and Environmental Performance of Residential PV-battery systems in Massachusetts", "date": "2022", "keywords": "battery; capacity; costs; electricity; emissions; energy; grid; lifetime; net; npv; solar; standalone; systems", "summary": "The \u201cLifetime NPV\u201d model makes it very clear that government subsidies still play a crucial role in supporting the economic viability of PV battery systems in Massachusetts. The \u201cYear One Energy Flows\u201d model quantifies a household\u2019s hourly energy flows over a year under three scenarios that use the same annual hourly electricity consumption profile: Baseline scenario represents a household with neither solar panels, nor battery system, Standalone PV scenario represents a household with solar panels, but no battery system, and PV-battery scenario represents a household with both solar panels and an integrated battery system.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14925", "words": "6067", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Elements; Lenahan, Christine", "title": "Pronouns and Personhood: Exploring the Construction of Gender Identities from the Feminist Perspective", "date": "2022", "keywords": "binary; construction; gender; masculinity; men; pronouns; sex; society; woman", "summary": "Second, I will investigate the usage of gender pronouns on campuses in the United States. I will be drawing upon surveys and interviews conducted among first-year students, noting how gender pronouns are used within college orientation programs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14927", "words": "5507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Elements; Morales, Taylor", "title": "Raptus et Romaunce: Discussing the Incongruities of Chaucer and Feminism", "date": "2022", "keywords": "chaucer; feminist; legend; poetry; raptus; romance; tale; time; women", "summary": "As the raptus statutes in England at the time were encompassing to the three di,erent facets of the term\u2014sexual assault, abduction, and theft\u2014when dealing with cases brought to the legal system, it is hard to retroactively pinpoint the exact o,ense that one Geo,rey Chaucer was found guilty of in his case of raptus against Cecilia Chaumpaigne in 1380. Touching on Sidhu\u2019s comparison of William Langland to Geo,rey Chaucer when looking at their ability to use obscene comedy as a vehicle for political challenging, I would like to add that the reason Chaucer was more successful in his critique of the societal status quo\u2014 referring to the perceptions of women specifically\u2014 because of his physical proximity to London.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14939", "words": "4371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Elements; Pender, Siobhan", "title": "The Force on the Front: Analyzing the Police Sympathy for the Christian Front Movement in Brooklyn from 1938-1940", "date": "2022", "keywords": "anti; brooklyn; christian; irish; members; new; police", "summary": "In New York, a significant number of policemen were Christian Front members or sympathizers, which resulted in a general disinterest in protecting the safety of Jews who were being attacked in the streets by these anti-Semitic, Christian Front gangs. As noted by Gene Fein in his dissertation, \u201c[t]he arrest of the [Christian] Fronters [in NYC] gave Mayor LaGuardia enough political currency to address the charges of police laxity in anti-Semitic matters that plagued his o3ce since 1938\u2026The mayor ordered investigations commissioner William Herlands to investigate police membership in the \u201cIn New York, a significant number of policemen were Christian Front members or sympathizers, which resulted in a general disinterest in protecting the safety of Jews who were being attacked in the streets by these anti-Semitic, Christian Front ganges.\u201d 99 !", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14941", "words": "3799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Elements; Whalen, Maiya", "title": "Someone Like Me: Exploring How Mentors Influence Sense of Belonging for Undergraduate Students of Color", "date": "2022", "keywords": "belonging; color; sense; students", "summary": "Person first, student second: Sta) and administrators of color supporting students of color au- thentically in higher education. Future Research Future research in race and sense of belonging among college students would benefit from exploring the impact of student mentors versus administrative mentors or the di)ering social rules that students of color have to follow.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14943", "words": "3455", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Elements; Narayan, Nina", "title": "Unmasking Medical Frauds: Exposing the Details and Implications of Illicit Trade in the Medical Sector", "date": "2022", "keywords": "counterfeit; euipo; healthcare; impact; market; oecd; products; trade", "summary": "Countries that encounter large amounts of counterfeit healthcare products risk discouraging foreign investment, thus limiting their potential for economic growth and opportunities for further innovation and development in the healthcare sector (OECD/EUIPO, 2020). Several facilitation policy strategies could prove helpful in decreasing the number of counterfeit healthcare products being exported.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14945", "words": "2952", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Garrett, Katherine; Elements", "title": "Legalizing Love: Understanding the Effect of Legalizing Gay-Marriage on Adoption Rates in the United States", "date": "2022", "keywords": "adoption; legalization; marriage", "summary": "With this background information in mind, this brief examines adoption data from 2000 to 2017 in order to assess how the legalization of same-sex marriage\u2014on a state and national level\u2014increased adoption rates in the United States. For this analysis, the raw numbers of adopted children were converted into a logarithmic dependent variable in order to analyze how gay marriage changed adoption rates in the form of a percent change.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14947", "words": "30520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Elements", "title": "Elements Fall 2021", "date": "2022", "keywords": "+ +; adoption; analysis; battery; battery systems; belonging; capacity; chaucer; college; color; costs; counterfeit; data; electricity; emissions; energy; gender; grid; impact; lifetime; massachusetts; mentors; metering; net; new; power; pronouns; pv system; rates; research; sense; sex; society; solar; standalone; states; students; system; time; trade; women; year", "summary": "#& )-&/%( +%%$8&#($. !) If load exceeds PV production , the battery is discharged until either the excess load is met, or the battery reaches its minimum capacity: +#13&! 2: -.1%&#$*, +%& 87-/-$$!&2 '2'$!, !(!&12 +.%:' ($!&%, !", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14951", "words": "6435", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Elements; Riordan, Luc", "title": "Wrestling with Giants: Probing the Pertinence of Antitrust Law for Big Law", "date": "2022", "keywords": "antitrust; companies; data; facebook; market; microsoft; states; technology; united", "summary": "# %(5 *'! ,2 5-,+# %20 74%2!,!. )", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-14955", "words": "10391", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Elements; Stebbins, Sean", "title": "The Demon of the Belfry: Investigating the Evolution of the Penny Press and the Emmanuel Church Murders", "date": "2022", "keywords": "april; church; durrant; emmanuel; francisco; herald; lamont; medical; murders; newspapers; penny; press; san; san francisco; williams; women", "summary": "Papers also empha- sized Durrant\u2019s supposed suggestion to Noble (before be- ing arrested) that they search for Lamont\u2019s body together \u201cin a house of ill-fame\u201d\u2014a brothel.13 In the early days of his case, the penny press established Theodore Durrant as a !#$%&' #()$* #* &'%#, ()$*#$# +,*& &'- .*/0'$*., 1893 (! Manager of San Francisco\u2019s Alcazar theater W. R. Daily, reported The \u201cAnother visual assessment out of The Louisiana Populist depicted two versions of Durrant posing as Robert Louis Stevenson\u2019s infamous villain Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, complemented by illustrations of a knife embedded in a skull\u201d 50 !!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-15049", "words": "56669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Elements", "title": "Spring 2021", "date": "2022", "keywords": "action; american; anti; antitrust; april; august; brain; case; century; china; chinese; christian; church; college; commemoration; companies; computing; content; data; december; defense; department; diet; durrant; e8ects; facebook; force; foreign; francisco; future; google; government; herald; history; intel; ireland; irish; journal; july; june; law; market; media; microsoft; military; misinformation; murders; national; naval; navy; neuromorphic; new; news; november; october; pacific; penny; people; policy; power; press; public; research; review; rising; robert; san; section; security; service; south; states; taiwan; technology; time; trade; trump; twitter; u.s; united; war; women; world; york", "summary": "# $%&'# %( !# $&%(! *+%(*$ 5*!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8814", "words": "8480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Nista, Danielle", "title": "A Vigorous Affirmation of Life: Slaves in the Face of Dehumanization", "date": "2015", "keywords": "community; culture; dance; dancing; day; life; loc; masters; music; slaves; songs; way; wpa", "summary": "Although masters did try to appropriate slave songs and dances for their own uses, slaves still ended up with the upper hand, especially through their music, as seen in the case of the slaves sold south in Brown\u2019s narrative. One important piece of the development of slave dances was the avoidance of crossing one\u2019s feet be- cause \u201cdancin\u2019 ain\u2019t sinful iffen de foots ain\u2019t crossed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8815", "words": "3032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Querusio, David", "title": "From Mammy to Mommy: Michelle Obama and the Reclamation of Black Motherhood", "date": "2015", "keywords": "cottle; harris; motherhood; obama; white; women", "summary": "The tension be- tween Melissa Harris-Perry\u2019s and Michelle Cottle\u2019s views of Michelle Obama echoes years of distance between white and black feminisms, as white women vie to free them- selves from the very domestic sphere that black women struggle to enter. Harris, through Philyaw, argues that while white women were fighting for the right to pursue a career instead of motherhood, black women wanted the opposite.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8816", "words": "4318", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Solomon, Michelle; Johnson, Alison", "title": "New Research in Solar Cells: Urbach Tails and Open Circuit Voltage", "date": "2015", "keywords": "absorption; cells; dots; energy; quantum; solar; urbach; value; voc; voltage", "summary": "This, in addition to the tunability of absorption into the near infrared region should allow for an unprecedented increase in efficiency of photovoltaics, up to 66%.1 How- ever, experiment has not nearly reflected this theoretical increase, as quantum dot solar cells have only reached a maximum efficiency of 8.55%.2 Lead-halide perovskites, in contrast, have seen rapid prog- ress, up to the current confirmed record of 17.9%.3 Perovskites have a highly ordered crystal lattice that allows for good optical and electrical properties, but they are not unique in this characteristic. One way to mini- mize the cost is to decrease the amount of material by us- ing thin film solar cells.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8817", "words": "5926", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Toto, Caitlin", "title": "Behind the Veil: A Study of Chechen Black Widows' Web", "date": "2015", "keywords": "attacks; bombers; chechen; chechnya; female; iraq; organization; qaeda; suicide; terrorist; women", "summary": "Also, Chechen women have more liberties than many of their Arab sisters living in re- gions where terrorism is present. rooTs of violenCe To understand the plight of Chechen female suicide bombers, one must first understand the Chechen War and the proximity of Chechen women to the horrific vio- lence between Chechnya and Russia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8818", "words": "3914", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Tune, Harrison", "title": "Positive Law vs. Good Intentions: The Legality of the Comcast-Time Warner Cable Merger", "date": "2015", "keywords": "applicants; department; federal; isp; justice; market; merger", "summary": "It is also worth noting that extensive and reactionary government involvement in areas such as ISP markets should be ad- vised against because of the dangerous precedent and in- centives that could be established as a result. As per antitrust statutes, this proposed transaction is cur- rently under review by the U.S. Department of Justice, which is responsible for the regulation of mergers that substantially limit competition in a given market.1 The De- partment of Justice considers two primary aspects con- cerning horizontal mergers \u2014 the lessening of competi- tion and the over-consolidation of market share that confers a monopoly.2 In the case of the merger submitted by the Applicants (Comcast Corporation and Time Warner Cable, Inc.), the Department of Justice considers the change in competi- tion caused when two companies in the same market merge and the increased market share they will control as both a Multichannel Video Programming Distributor (MVPD) and an Internet Service Provider (ISP).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8819", "words": "9204", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Asif, Saljooq", "title": "Muslim Identity in 21st Century America: Ayad Akhtar's Works as Autobiography", "date": "2015", "keywords": "akhtar; american; amir; autobiography; ayad; characters; ibid; interview; islam; islamic; life; muslim; public; self; time; works; world", "summary": "The perspective of the autobiographer, his very Self, is forced to be told through that of society and the Other \u2013 and Ayad Akhtar has done exactly that. CulTure Clash: ayad akhTar and his life as an ameriCan muslim Born in New York City and raised in Milwaukee, Wiscon- sin, Ayad Akhtar always struggled with his identity and place in American society.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8820", "words": "4324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Aldrich, Rachel", "title": "Trauma, Fear, and Paranoia: Lost and the Culture of 9/11", "date": "2015", "keywords": "9/11; american; events; island; society; survivors; trauma", "summary": "If the experiences of the survivors on Lost are any indication, then it is clear that the anger and debates in American society will only serve to further endanger a country that is already living in a world of loss, terror, and trauma. Through the imagery employed, the topics discussed, and the gen- eral themes of the show, Lost is able to hold a mirror to the face of post-9/11 American society and provide a critique of how, if at all possible, Americans can change the reflection they see staring back at them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8821", "words": "50346", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Boboc, Paul; Centrella, Nick; DiRenno, Frank A.; Krasner, Tate; Pinsak, Samantha; Sangimino, Missa; Scollan, Margaret; Vladimirova, Stacia", "title": "Elements Fall 2014 Issue", "date": "2014", "keywords": "act; analysis; artist; b13c; bone; case; cemeteries; cemetery; christian; collagen; community; dante; death; diet; eastern; elements; energy; europe; european; evidence; fall; family; fascism; fasting; fish; florence; food; gas; gazprom; history; human; hunger; ibid; individuals; international; isotope; italy; journal; kafka; killing; legion; leprosy; life; male; man; marine; marriage; masculinity; medieval; mediterranean; men; mes; new; norwich; ovid; policy; population; power; press; pyramus; renaissance; role; russia; samples; self; sodomy; terrorist; thisbe; timberhill; time; ukraine; university; use; values; violence; western; women", "summary": "When men either chose to adopt the feminine, passive role in the in- teraction, or submit other men to it, they flagrantly ignored the \u201cproper\u201d masculine behavior, and accordingly they were put under heavy scrutiny and regulations in an at- tempt to return things to the status quo. Leon Bat- tista Alberti, who focused mainly on the Florentine family, believed that a man \u201cshould do all that is proper to a man\u201d while avoiding womanly activities, inherently contributing to the separation of distinct gender roles.12 Of course, one of the important tasks of a man that Alberti and other au- thors recognized was to be an authoritative figure to both women and other lower status men.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8822", "words": "39739", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Balagtas, Richard; Dobias, Jen; Keeley, Sean; Marandola, Marissa; Martina, Michael; Short, Brandon; Trimes, Alexander", "title": "Elements Spring 2014 Issue", "date": "2014", "keywords": "actions; american; attack; benoit; bertuzzi; case; change; class; climate; collins; conflict; countries; david; day; death; die; elements; end; espn; euthanasia; games; georgia; hockey; human; hunger; hunger games; ibid; incident; international; katniss; law; life; march; medical; military; moore; new; nhl; order; ossetia; patient; people; power; public; right; russia; society; south; sports; spring; state; suffering; suicide; time; today; use; violence; war; way; world", "summary": "Nichol\u2019s attack draws comparisons to Bertuzzi incident. Noted ESPN writer Scott Burnside began his article on Bertuzzi\u2019s address as such: \u201cIf the rehabilitation of Todd Bertuzzi begins with words, let it not be said that he did not choose his words carefully, powerfully, as he starts down the uncertain road toward redemption.\u201d69", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8823", "words": "42985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Clasen, Trish; Cravens, Jacob; Dorney, Jordan; Evren, Christopher; Fitzpatrick, Christopher; Francois, Alexandra; Hoffarth, Alexander; Kent, Sam; Patch, Neil", "title": "Elements Spring 2012 Issue", "date": "2012", "keywords": "air; aschenbach; belfast; brabantio; budget; catholic; children; community; death; democracy; development; easter; economic; elements; ethical; faith; family; fatherhood; fathers; freud; government; home; house; housing; iago; ireland; irish; kierkegaard; knight; language; lichen; literature; mann; movement; namibia; nationalist; new; northern; northern ireland; othello; pearse; play; policy; politics; pollution; process; race; reagan; rising; roles; shakespeare; sites; society; species; spring; study; time; unionist; use; valera; venice; violence; women; work", "summary": "RACIAL TENSION IN OTHELLO: INTIMATIONS OF LITERARY AND SOCIETAL PREJUDICE Neil Patch Investigating the function of race in Othello and late Renaissance Venice, downplaying its oft-cited role in this classic Shakespearean drama. Similarly, Emily Bartels describes how racism is a twentieth century construction, but racist ideol- ogy was already taking hold in pre-imperialist England.3 As \u201cthe Moor of Venice,\u201d Othello seemingly takes on the iden- tity of being the sole minority figure in the city, or at least the symbol of racial difference.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8830", "words": "883", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2015", "keywords": "boston; college; editor; elements; research", "summary": "Copyright \u00a9 2015 by the Trustees of Boston College elements staff editor-in-chief marissa marandola managing editor frank a. direnno deputy editor ellen white layout brandon bavier, Senior Editor betty yunqing wang, Editor kelsey xizi zhang, Editor treasurer lydia orr humanities grace west, Senior Editor patty owens, Senior Editor jacob ciafone, Editor domenick fazzolari, Editor annie kim, Editor marie pellissier, Editor sciences corleone delaveris, Senior Editor saljooq m. asif, Editor david fu, Editor alex gilligan, Editor michelle kang, Editor alessandra luedeking, Editor jingzong yan, Editor nick yu, Editor faculty advisor elizabeth chadwick Dear Readers, thanks We would like to thank Boston College, the Institute for the Liberal Arts, and the Office of the Dean for the College of Arts and Sciences for the financial support that makes this issue possible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8831", "words": "811", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies and Artwork Credits", "date": "2015", "keywords": "boston; college; commons", "summary": "list of artwork writer ayad akhtar \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons 10 13 15 18 24 36 38 54 60 63 68 71 islamic cultural center in manhattan \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons ground zero mosque protestor \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons disgraced performance still \u00a9 Geraint Lewis/Alamy chechen women \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons corn shucking song \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons slaves dance to music of banjo \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons michelle obama \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons lost title screen \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons debris on rooftops near world trade center \u00a9 FEMA Photo Library john sherman \u00a9 Library of Congress comcast and time warner cable logos \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons His writing has appeared in both The Heights, the inde- pendent student newspaper of Boston College, and Dianoia, the undergraduate philosophy journal of Boston College.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8832", "words": "44918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Colorado, Rosa Maribel; Howarth, Jenna; Kovaka, Karen; Leverrier, Tiphaine; Martin, Zachary T.; Moradian, Sophia; Orr, Andrew; Varian, Brian", "title": "Elements Fall 2011 Issue", "date": "2011", "keywords": "alzheimer; american; art; care; century; community; conflict; cult; death; dementia; directives; disease; donation; dura; d\u2019evreux; elements; europos; experience; fall; family; film; frank; glass; history; ibid; iraqis; jeanne; jordan; life; light; lloyd; medical; memory; merleau; mithras; nature; new; order; organs; past; patient; policy; ponty; protocol; public; reflection; self; society; study; support; time; treatment; use; vietnam war; virgin; war; war film; way; women; work; world; wright", "summary": "Just as the geometer would aim to describe the essential features of a triangle, the phenomenologist aims to describe the essential features of a type of conscious experience (e.g., perception).1 Descriptions of individual instances of the triangle might be interesting to the geometer, but the Although Cimino has been widely criticized for historical errors in the film, such as present in the Russian roulette scenes and in his caricature of North-Vietnamese brutality, his film holds a valuable place in the history of Vietnam War film because its primary focus is not the larger implications of the war, but rather the effects that it had on American soldiers. Vietnam War films can be categorized based on the level of conflict expressed in the films\u2019 narratives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8833", "words": "42504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Boboc, Paul; Geron, Scott; Kent, Sam; Trilleras, Anna-Karina; Martis, Nicholas; Streitwieser, Corey; Luangrath, Narintohn; Uliano, Anthony", "title": "Elements Fall 2012 Issue", "date": "2012", "keywords": "aggression; apd; art; article; behavior; brain; century; concept; conduct; disorders; dream; dreaming; earthquake; elements; fall; field; geometry; gorgias; greek; history; ibid; individual; isocrates; jesuits; jeune; knowledge; libya; life; mathematics; memory; methodology; natives; nature; new; people; philosophy; plato; press; realism; reality; rem; research; response; rhetoric; rickert; school; science; shamans; sleep; states; studies; study; symptoms; time; united; university; word; work", "summary": "Plato\u2019s mathematics, as expressed in his dialogue, is nei- ther sophistic nor practical.52 Plato, throughout his corpus, advocates for a new approach to mathematics, one whose divine ends and immaterial approach was unanticipated in Greek culture prior to the philosopher\u2019s lifetime. Isocrates writes \u201c[The philosophical arts] require much care, and are the task of manly and idea-filled minds\u201d (17).61 Plato directly satirizes this claim in the Gor- gias when Socrates tells Callicles and Gorgias how he con- ceives of rhetoric (bear in mind that Plato created the word \u201crhetoric\u201d (rh\u0113torik\u0113) in this dialogue to describe the ora- torical techn\u0113 and contrast it to philosophy).62 Socrates claims, \u201cIt seems to me, Gorgias, to be a non-technical pursuit, but rather, one of the manly and guess-prone mind.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8854", "words": "6454", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Grant, Kaelin", "title": "White Space: Reflections on the Poetry of Stephane Mallarme", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; l e; r e; t e; t h", "summary": "O N T H E P O E T R Y O F S T E P H O N T H E P O E T R Y O F S T E P H", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8855", "words": "5241", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "McCutcheon, Erin L.", "title": "Incorporados: The Art of Ana Mendieta", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e r; e t; h e; o r; r t", "summary": "Blocker and Mendieta (34) xvi Mendieta (171) REFERENCES Blocker, Jane, and Ana Mendieta. Where is Ana Mendieta?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8856", "words": "7745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Yaksich, Michael J.", "title": "Consuming Queer: The Commodification of Culture and its Effects on Social Acceptance", "date": "2005", "keywords": "c e; c o; c t; e n; e o; e p; e r; e s; g e; h e; m e; r o; s t; t e; t h; t r", "summary": "1 V While cultural visi- bility is essential to a positive portrayal of gay individuals, the commodification of gay culture may perpetuate nega- tivity. 1 X Mike Feather stone explains that, rather than ac- cepting gay culture, lifestyles display their individuality and sense of style in the particularity of the assemblage of goods, clothes, practices, experiences, and appearance and bodily disposition they design regardless of stereotypes.x Commodification prefabricates culture into easy to con- sume products and images that allow the dominant culture to utilize stereotypes i n constructing lifestyles for consumption.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8877", "words": "7420", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Gilfeather, Lauren L.", "title": "Teen Living Programs in Massachusetts: A Policy Analysis and Recommendations for Change", "date": "2005", "keywords": "c e; e n; e o; e s; e t; h e; m e; o r; p r; r e; r t; t h", "summary": "Massachusetts (as well as states such as New Mexico, Rhode Island, Nevada, Georgia, and Texas) has allocated resources to Second Chance Homes, making a statewide commitment to serve young mothers who have no other place to go. i i Organizations such as SPAN and the Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) have been actively encouraging the creation and expansion of Second Chance Homes because of the demonstrated ef- fectiveness of their programs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8878", "words": "5687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Gelmi, Caroline N.", "title": "Staging the Nation: Theatricality in the Law", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; n t; r e; s t; t e; t h; t r", "summary": "I N T H E T H E A T E R , A N D T H E P R E S E N C E O F T H E A T R I C A L T H E A T E R P L A Y S", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8879", "words": "4115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Irvine, Mark E.", "title": "Long Shot: The Prospects for a Conversion to Euro Pricing in Oil Markets", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e n; e r; e t", "summary": "A N D T H E D O L L A R Oil exporters are unlikely to mobilize to change the cur- rency denomination of oil to euros in the short-term, be- cause of the structure and inertia inherent in oil markets and the euro's continued second tier status to the dollar. First, oil markets are highly institutionalized.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8880", "words": "7221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Speller, Heather K.", "title": "Asian Americans and Mental Health: Cultural Barriers to Effective Treatment", "date": "2005", "keywords": "asian; c e; e n; e r; e s; e t; h e; l t; m e; n t; t h", "summary": "In reality, Asian Americans do experience mental illness and have an equally high, i f not higher, need for appropri- ate mental health services as any other racial or ethnic group. Studies have found that Asian Americans show increased utilization of mental health services when patient centers are specifically oriented towards Asian Americans.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8881", "words": "5417", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "McNamara, Julie B.", "title": "Bilingual Lexical Organization", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e n; e r; e s; e t; h e; o r; t h", "summary": "First published in 1935 by J. Ridley Stroop, l x the task had college students perform different identifying tasks involving color naming words written in different colored ink on different colored backgrounds. the brain suddenly decides to treat English words as i f", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8882", "words": "747", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2005", "keywords": "boston; college; senior; work", "summary": "ERIN L. M C C U T C H E O N is originally from Ridgewood, New Jersey and is now a senior at Boston College. She hopes to attend graduate school after completing here education at Boston College, and she would also like to travel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8884", "words": "4737", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "O'Leary, Scott M.", "title": "Sin, Despair, and the Other: The Works of Soren Kierkegaard", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e r; h e; t h", "summary": "Though despair is intricately linked with this dialectic of self, it must be considered primarily within the category of consciousness. x x m What delineates the stages of this scale is the level of concealment of the self as self.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8885", "words": "4084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Fischer, Kyle", "title": "Reminiscing and Daydreaming: Investigating the Similarities Between Episodic Memory Recall and Imagination", "date": "2008", "keywords": "o r; r e", "summary": "The error-prone nature of episodic memories as evidenced by false memory experiments 1 1 1 supports the theory of a synonymous relationship between what is currently conceived as episodic memory and imagination. Although the cues used in these past experiments would qualify in content as episodic memories, they are poor examples of the powerfully expressive nature of human episodic memory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8886", "words": "5969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Goek, Sara", "title": "Irish Vernacular Poetry and the American Revolution: Irish Find Their Voice in Tomas O Miochain", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; d e; e l; e n; e o; e r; e t; h e; m e; n d; o r; r n; t h", "summary": "A N D R O L E O F T H E L A R G E L Y C A T H In late-i8th century Ireland, the population of the country comprised three main groups: Anglo-Irish elite, Protestant Dissenter, and Catholic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8887", "words": "6986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Speece, Evan", "title": "Abusive Tax Shelters: An Ethical, Historical, and Legal Analysis", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e l; e n; e s; e t; h e; l t; r e; shelters; t h; tax", "summary": "However, the issue of tax shelters blurs these seemingly distinct lines. Furthermore, the abusive appli- cations of tax shelters provide many financial incentives that elicit legal and ethical dilemmas for several classes of professionals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8888", "words": "5875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Turova, Svetlana", "title": "Drips, Scratches, and Strokes: The New Language of Expressionism from Edvard Munch to Willem de Kooning", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; r e; s t; t h; t r", "summary": "The Munch household was one of repressed anguish; in fact, Edvard Munch commented about his childhood, I was born dying. Heller, Edvard Munch: The Scream, 1972 (43) v. Heller, Munch, Edvard, 2007 vi .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8890", "words": "8579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Peterson, Caitlin", "title": "Trans-Action Fees: Public Insurance, Medical Necessity, and Sex Reassignment Surgery", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; e d; e n; e r; e s; e t; g e; h e; m e; n d; r s; s t; t r", "summary": "Despite the fact that SRS procedures and associated hormone treatments can be very expensive on an individual scale, there are very few sex reassignment surgeries each year. D O T H E R E S T R I C T", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8891", "words": "4939", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Aste, Kristina", "title": "Music as Mirror: Dante's Treatment of Music in the Divine Comedy", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e n; h e; n t; t h", "summary": "Through this progression from anti-music to human music to celestial music, Dante effectively utilizes musical language to represent the various states of humanity's relationship with God. He saw music in the macrocosm and the microcosm, hence his musica mundana, musica humana, and musica instrumentalis. Originally penned by Boethius in his Fundamentals of Music, thistripartite division was standard in medieval musical thought.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8892", "words": "6408", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Donohue, Bryce", "title": "Root Root Root for the ??? Team: Franchise Free Agency and the Business of the NFL", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e c; e n; e s; h e; n t; o r; r e; r t; s t; t e; t h", "summary": "Under any of the workable tests for determining the situs of the franchise, the Court concludes that the Colts were 'gone' on March 30, This decision, when taken in conjunction with the decision of the California courts in the Raiders' case, shows the courts' consistency in treating NFL franchises as busi- nesses. The courts have played a major role in the regulation of franchise moves in sports and in the determination of whether owners' or fans' interests are paramount.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8893", "words": "558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2008", "keywords": "college", "summary": "C A I T L I N P E T E R S O N is a graduate of the College of Arts and Sciences Honors Program as of May 2008 with a major i n History and a minor in Latin American Studies. is a senior in the School of Arts and Sciences at Boston College.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8894", "words": "969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kelly, Tim", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2008", "keywords": "editor", "summary": "Elements, Undergraduate Research journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, Fall 2008 Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Service Building 103, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 Printing: The materials presented represent the personal opinions of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Elements or the Boston College community.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8895", "words": "6626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Keegan, Nathan", "title": "Call-and-Response: An Ancient Linguistic Device Surfaces in Usher's \"Love in This Club\"", "date": "2005", "keywords": "club; e s; h e; r e; rap; response; usher", "summary": "[These] responses may also indicate extremely powerful affirmation of what the speaker has said.wn In this we see the echoes of African and slave society: the call invites a responder to a conversational community, and the responder supports that community through his atten- tion and affirmation. [In response] Hey- The music video supports this assertion; when Where we at Polow? is uttered, the camera cuts to an unmanned DJ table.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8896", "words": "5853", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Scullin, Christopher", "title": "Judging Harshly: The Bush Doctrine in Practice", "date": "2005", "keywords": "bush; doctrine; h e; o r; r e; t r", "summary": "At first glance, an explicit focus on each of these elements is rather new to United States foreign policy. The Doctrine correctly acknowledges that the main threat to U.S. interests is that of non-state or extra-state actors, most notably 'terrorist' organizations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8897", "words": "7805", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Morris, Matthew", "title": "The \"Oklahoma City Plunder\": Turner's Social Drama and Team Relocation", "date": "2005", "keywords": "city; e l; e n; e r; h e; l l; o r; s o; seattle; t h; team", "summary": "Throughout the history of the four major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada, team relo- cation has been common practice for team owners. Most commonly, team owners (or ownership groups) wi l l claim that the conditions under which they are operating the franchise are less than favor- able for turning profits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8898", "words": "7262", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Hughes, Alyssa", "title": "Translation in the Culture War for Hawaii: The Arabian Nights in Nineteenth-Century Hawaiian Newspapers", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e n; h e; hawaiian; l t; t h; t r", "summary": "x x n i After a failed attempt to control Ka Hoku Pakipika, Whitney estab- lished Ka Nupepa Kuokoa as a rival newspaper, hoping to undermine the influence of the native-run press. These elements greatly contributed to the popularity and influence of Ka Nupepa Kuokoa as a rival paper to Kalakaua's Ka Hoku Pakipika.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8899", "words": "5795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Brunner, Christopher", "title": "Barrios, Gangs, and Enclaves: A Socioeconomic Reading of Luis Rodriguez's Always Running", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e r; h e; rodriguez; t h", "summary": "In Luis Rodriguez's memoir Always Running, Rodriguez describes a youth lifestyle of gangs, violence, and discrimi- nation. Using the prevalence of gang culture and violence i n the barrio, Rodriguez looks to paint the barrio as a neighbor- hood detrimental to the individual and to social psy- chology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8900", "words": "6968", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Maroshegyi, Christopher", "title": "Exporting Citizens, Importing Remittances: The Developing World's Newest Strategy to Combat Poverty", "date": "2005", "keywords": "c e; e s; h e; r e; r t; remittances; t h; t t", "summary": ", x x i v Specifically, Adams finds that a particularly large amount of remittance income is spent on education i n receiving coun- tries, especially on the margin, where households receiv- ing internal and international remittances spend 45% and ELEM ENTS FALL 09 58% more, respectively, on education than do households with no remittances. Early studies did make strong arguments that remittance income was used mainly for consumption.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8901", "words": "6806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Barnes, Quintin", "title": "Today's Russian Intelligentsia: A New Role in the Post-Soviet Political Order", "date": "2005", "keywords": "e n; e t; h e; intelligentsia; l e; l l; m e; n t; r e; t h; t r", "summary": "The identity of Russian intelligentsia is com- plex, and to explain its phase shifts and historical importance is difficult. The Soviet era drastically changed the traditional concept of Russian intelligentsia, clarifying the identity of this eclectic group.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8904", "words": "977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2005", "keywords": "college; editor", "summary": "However, you, as Boston College students, have filled that box to burst- ing and extended education into the open world. The authors featured i n this issue of Elements have met their call as Boston College students to educate the person and extend the bounds of academia from abstraction into action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8905", "words": "6715", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Mooney, Tim", "title": "A Raw Deal: Conflicts Over Tribal Sovereignty and Casino Proliferation", "date": "2009", "keywords": "e n; e r; e s; h e; m e; o r; s t; t e; t h; t r", "summary": "Indian gaming is largely controlled by a federal statutory framework, leaving states i n a subor- dinate position i n negotiating the establishment of major casino enterprises within their own borders. Most scholars and politi- cians typically consider localities, states, and the federal government to be the constituent parts of Federalism", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8906", "words": "7374", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Lagorio, Maria", "title": "Women of Copley's Boston: Changing Gender Roles on the Eve of the American Revolution", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c o; e n; e p; e s; e t; h e; l e; m e; o r; o s; r e", "summary": "Copley Family features the seven members of Copley's fam- ily and glorifies his wife, Sukey, as its central figure. Both his in-laws and his mother remained loyal to the Crown throughout the Revolution, a sentiment that some- times concerned Copley, who tried to stay publicly neutral throughout his American career.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8907", "words": "7219", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Sadd, William", "title": "Sovietization of the Baltic States: Independence Negotiated, Then Stolen", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; e e; e n; e r; e s; e t; h e; l t; n t; o r; s t; t h", "summary": "I O N By 1940, the Baltic States were firmly and decidedly trapped i n the doom of their own geo-strategic location. To be sure, the Baltic States were experiencing a Western type of institutional modernization and renovation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8908", "words": "8405", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Wong, Nicole", "title": "Canned Peaches and Chicken Parts: Postmodern Food in Don DeLillo's White Noise", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c o; e d; e l; e n; e r; e s; e t; food; h e; m e; n t; r t; s t", "summary": "A19 91 exhibition at Bard College titled Art What Thou Eat: Images of Food i n American Art also explored the history of food i n American society through its depiction by American artists of the nineteenth and twentieth cen- turies. Food carries cultural significance, and i n a search for how to find meaning i n the hyper-reality of post- modernity, food is used not only to ground characters as hu- mans, but conversely to emulate the metaphoric con- sumption of food as an acceptance of postmodern ideas and values.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8909", "words": "6130", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "McGovern, Conor", "title": "Gunpowder Empire: The Mighty Ottoman Military Outpaced", "date": "2009", "keywords": "h e; o r; r e; r t; s t; t e; t h", "summary": "Sir Steven Runciman acknowledges that earlier artillery had been un- able to damage solid masonry; it was not unti l Sultan Mehmet's foundries and the Hungarian engineer Urban devised a mighty cannon that would blast the walls of Babylon itself Here is the siege of Constantinople, the boldest expression of the might of the Ottoman military and the first example of Rogers' artillery revolution of the fifteenth century, when advances i n artillery technology caused it to become devas- tatingly powerful, thereby rendering old-style masonry for- tifications obsolete/1 Though gunpowder artillery had been i n use by both Muslim and Christian forces i n Europe prior to the siege of Constantinople, there is no finer example of the power of gunpowder against old style fortifications.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8913", "words": "7338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Gardner, Patrick", "title": "The Disaster After the Disaster: The Evolution and De-Evolution of FEMA", "date": "2009", "keywords": "e l; e n; e r; e s; g e; h e; m e; n t; s t; t e; t h; t r; t t", "summary": "Witt first displayed his sharp foresight i n his response to the 1993 Midwestern floods, the first major test he faced as FEMA director. The report explains that FEMA officials could only meet about half of their designed responsibilities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8914", "words": "4474", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Minkoff, Michael", "title": "Musical Time: An Intersubjective Relationship", "date": "2009", "keywords": "e r", "summary": "A musician would never initially question the existence of musical time\u2014that which grounds a piece of music and helps it to unfold. As that is pieced together, the next step wi l l be deter- mining whether or not this understanding is an accurate representation of the nature of musical time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8938", "words": "6351", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Neumeier, Emily", "title": "Early Koranic Manuscripts: The Blue Koran Debate", "date": "2006", "keywords": "blue; blue koran; h e; koran; o r; t h", "summary": "Museum of Fine Art , Boston, visit to view Blue Koran folio. Some other examples in- clude a Koran in the Freer gallery with a light blue ground v i and a leaf at the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Khalili col- lection that is dyed red with silver verse markers Of partic- ular interest is a Hafsid Koran manuscript endowed to the Mosque of Kasba in Tunis i n March 1405 by al-Mutawakkil, with silver ink on paper dyed in a range of colors from light brown to purple .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8939", "words": "5076", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Henderson, Tim", "title": "Introducing Emotion: The Use of Emotion and Character in Presidential Speeches", "date": "2006", "keywords": "e e; e n; e s; h e; r e", "summary": "The divisions within America at this time need to be discussed i n relation to the second criticism of ad populum arguments, that they make a uni- fied audience out of a limited group. During the crucial opening moments of speeches to the American people, American Presidents often use emotion i n an attempt to influence their audience's views.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8940", "words": "5740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Smith, Brady", "title": "After the Fall: Reevaluating Whiteness in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace", "date": "2006", "keywords": "e s; h e; t e; t h", "summary": "i These read- ings, however, have by and large ignored the complexities of what is a profound and telling meditation on the mean- ing of whiteness in postcolonial South Africa. Yet, he qualifies this theory in another instance in which he sees violence as en- demic to black South Africa and not a product of the condi- tions under which it has existed for nearly 350 years: The real truth, he suspects, is something far more\u2014he casts around for the word\u2014anthropological\u2014something it would take months to get to the bottom of months of pa- tient, unhurried conversation with dozens of people, and the offices of an interpreter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8941", "words": "4693", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Roh, Emily H.", "title": "A Preventative Approach to Malaria: Some Preliminary Considerations", "date": "2006", "keywords": "malaria; p r; r e; r o", "summary": "Like many other infectious diseases, malaria has had devastating ef- fects on both public health and the economy. It is not enough to sim- ply address the biological mechanisms of malaria, of the mosquitoes that spread it , or of its victims.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8942", "words": "4948", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Cersonsky, Emily", "title": "Don Quixote and the Liar's Paradox", "date": "2006", "keywords": "h e; reality; t h", "summary": "By the end of Don Quixote, it might be said that the reader and even Cervantes are ready to pro- claim with Don Antonio: May Don Quixote never be recov- ered! D O N Q U I X O T E A N D T H E L IAR'S P A R A D O X http://www.bartleby.com/113/1011.html http://Bartleby.com http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ESL0027 http://wwwshakespeare-online.com/keydates/playchron.html http://wwwshakespeare-online.com/keydates/playchron.html REFERENCES Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8943", "words": "5158", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Campbell, Nathaniel", "title": "De Malorum Natura: Lucretius and the Nature of Evil", "date": "2006", "keywords": "e t; h e; r e; t h; t u; u r", "summary": "Lucretius does, however, recognize that, while we cannot necessarily exer- cise control over natural evils, we can always exercise con- trol over human evils because they originate from our own actions. Human evils consitute graver evils in th ethics of Epicurean philosophy because human action, especially when armed with the tools of that philosophy, not only can more readily avoid them but can, and is the only agent that does, cause them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8944", "words": "6184", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Sarno, Ann", "title": "Mark Rothko: A Cross-Modal Approach", "date": "2006", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; o t; r e; r o; s t; t e; t h; t r", "summary": "This tragedy which Rothko hoped to commu- nicate through visual art is often experienced while listen- ing to music. Even before Rothko's time, painter Wassily Kandinsky yearned to replicate the emotional impact of music in his art.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8970", "words": "7131", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Ho Nam, Jeong", "title": "Antioxidants and Gene Regulation: The Effects of Vitamins C and E on Estrogen Receptors", "date": "2006", "keywords": "cancer; cells; e n; estrogen; n t; r e; t r", "summary": "I D E D E T E R M I D E D E T E R M", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8971", "words": "695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies and Artwork Credits", "date": "2006", "keywords": "college", "summary": "is a senior at Boston College with an Art History Major and minors in Fine Art and Hispanic Studies. He wants to thank them for giving h i m a great opportunity and thank his parents for support. is a sophomore at Boston College.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8973", "words": "926", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Wiles, Gregory", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2006", "keywords": "art; college; editor", "summary": "Impressionist exhibits continue to be the most popular at art museums. But many would even question whether or not wrapping the Reichstag in cloth constitutes art.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8974", "words": "6614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hamilton, Matthew", "title": "An Historical (Inter)dependency: Mexican Migration to the United States", "date": "2007", "keywords": "d e; e c; e e; e n; e r; e s; e t; h e; n t; s t; t h", "summary": "More United States immigrants claim Mexico as their homeland than any other national group... I O N More United States immigrants claim Mexico as their homeland than any other national group.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8975", "words": "5509", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Bradley, Jr., David F.", "title": "Hunger for Peace: Egypt's Economic Reasons to Seek Peace with Israel", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; e l; e n; e r; e s; s t; t e; t h", "summary": "5 0\u2122 1 A similar jump in United States aid took place after the signing of the Camp David Accords: from $1.0 billion in 1977 to $2.2 billion in i 9 7 9 . When in 1964 Egypt continued to favor the Soviet Union, as it was the su- perpower most likely to help foster pan-Arabism, the United States withdrew economic aid again from Egypt.x v Despite Nasser's efforts to make Egypt self-sufficient, the the Soviet Union for arms and on the United States and Arab countries for economic assistance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8976", "words": "6933", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Fitzgerald, Caitlin", "title": "Sexuality, Sickness, Silence: The Gay Man in Contemporary Irish Narrative", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; e s; e t; h e; n t; o r; r e; r r; r t; t h; t s", "summary": "The fact that Toibin includes a variety of gay characters i n the novel with a variety of life stories indi- cates a more complex representation of gay identity that, while it indirectly references gay sexuality, is not as reduc- tive and objectifying as Walshe alleges. ... while it indirectly references gay sexuality, [Toibin's representation of gay identity] is not as reductive and objectifying as Walshe alleges.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8977", "words": "6829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Sottile, Lauren", "title": "The Act of Manumission: Correlations Between the Freeing of Slaves and Socioeconomic Status of Philadelphia Quakers", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e e; e l; e n; e s; e t; h e; n s; n t; o r; r e; s t; t h; t o", "summary": "The requirement of supporting freed slaves and restrictions on the sale of slaves led to pro- hibitive losses from manumission for most. The requirement of supporting freed slaves, often econom- ically unrealistic to artisans struggling to make ends meet, only added to the negative light shining on manumission.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8978", "words": "8352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Kraus, Rebecca", "title": "Trans-Generational Trauma: The Zone of Indistinction After Auschwitz", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c t; e n; e r; e s; e t; h e; n t; o r; s t; t h; t o; t r", "summary": "This applies par- ticularly well to children of Holocaust survivors: despite their disparate upbringings, they all say that they always knew that something was different in their family. Although the psychoanalysts do not mention children of Holocaust survivors as examples, this explanation resonates particularly well with their situation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8979", "words": "6031", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Phillips, Dmitri", "title": "A Wealth of Evidence: The Identity of the Man Commemorated at Sutton Hoo", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; n t; o r; r e; s t; t h; t o; t r; t t", "summary": "The Identity of the Man Commemorated at Sutton Hoo D 1 Chadwick may have had no doubt\u2014 shortly thereafter he wrote a paper defending his posi- tion\u2014but others after h im have doubted this assertion, and it is still an unresolved question appearing at the head of most considerations of Sutton Hoo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8982", "words": "7369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Flinn, Jessica J.", "title": "World War II Cookbooks: Rationing, Nutrition, Patriotism, and the Citizen Consumer in the United States and Great Britain", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c o; e n; e r; n t; o r; t h; t r", "summary": "Food companies created many pam- phlets. For example, the September 1943 issue of Ladies' Home Journal, an American magazine, included numerous advertisements for pamphlets and booklets produced by food companies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8983", "words": "3617", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Cochrane, Marisa", "title": "Perilous Petrodollars: The Effects of Oil Wealth on Democratization", "date": "2007", "keywords": "o r; r e", "summary": "Despite the fact that these states have benefited immensely from global markets dependent on their black gold, a telling number of oil-rich states are not democratic.1 When it comes to the promotion of democracy, one cannot help but ask whether oil wealth is a blessing or a curse. I wi l l then address the argument that oil wealth weakens social mobilization and processes of modernization, which are important factors in democratization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8984", "words": "5356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Macdonald, Brad; Rife, Alexis", "title": "Naive Juvenile Diamondback Terrapins: Kin Recognition in Controlled Encounter Experiments", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; r e; r o; r t; t e", "summary": "A C K T E R R A P I N S T R E A T E A C H O T H E R D These cups were placed in an incubator kept E L E M E N T S S P R I N G 07 at 80 degrees F on a 12-hour light/dark cycle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8985", "words": "3462", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Zipprich, Bernard", "title": "Lessons in Sustainable Development: Monteverde, Costa Rica", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; e r; e s; h e; s t", "summary": "I V I D E I N M O N T E V E R D E W H E R E C O N S E R V A T L E D E V E L O P M E N T !", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8988", "words": "927", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2007", "keywords": "college", "summary": "He is the executive editor and layout editor for The Observer, a biweekly student newspaper on the Boston College campus. B R A D M A C D O N A L D graduated from Boston College in 2006 with a B.S. in Biology and a minor in Environmental Studies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8990", "words": "610", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Kraus, Rebecca", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2011", "keywords": "editor", "summary": "U I N N , Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences BARBARA VI ECH N ICKI , Associate Dean for Finance and Administration I A L S C I E N C E S KERRY B R E N N A N , Senior Editor MAR ISA COCHRANE, Editor SUSIE C O N N O", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8991", "words": "48928", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Anderson, Brendon; Simon, Emily; Abbate, Andrew; Farnum, Matt; Lee, Han-sam; Herhold, Zachary; Keeley, Sean", "title": "Elements Spring 2013 Issue", "date": "2013", "keywords": "administration; alcohol; baclofen; bbc; british; broadcasting; cinema; cocaine; control; corbeau; country; craving; culture; dependence; disorders; dopamine; effects; elements; england; film; fitzgerald; football; france; french; game; gatsby; gender; government; group; high; history; home; ibid; information; ireland; irish; jaebeols; korea; les; life; london; movie; music; new; news; nicholas; nick; occupation; people; percent; period; print; propaganda; public; self; society; soldiers; song; south; south korea; sport; sporting; spring; state; substance; sunday; system; times; treatment; troubles; use; vichy; war; way; web; world; world war; years; york", "summary": "Many British soldiers viewed it the same way\u2014as a com- petition between two nations. These historians cite many government and BBC officials who had privately agreed that, \u201cin circum- stances of national emergency \u2018full government control\u2019 over the BBC would be necessary.\u201d7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8992", "words": "47737", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pellissier, Marie; Lu, Tracy; Newhouse, James; Marinello, Claire; Sintobin, Emilie; Dorney, Jordan; Givens, Cameron", "title": "Elements Fall 2013 Issue", "date": "2013", "keywords": "abraham; accountability; african; american; art; artist; body; cambodia; carolina; century; chicago; class; class women; clothing; conflict; corset; culture; daily; davis; de kooning; death; ego; elements; face; fair; fall; figure; freud; history; human; hun; ibid; image; international; ivan; john; kooning; life; lincoln; loc; middle; midway; narratives; new; new york; north; order; painting; people; press; prisoners; right; roosevelt; sense; slavery; slaves; society; soldiers; south; time; tribune; university; use; victorian; violence; volume; war; white; women; work; working; world; world war; wpa; years; york", "summary": "A maternity corset from the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum indicates just how far a woman might go to preserve her shape during pregnancy: aside from lacing on the sides that could be loosened as the fetus grew, and gussets to accommodate a changing breast, this corset is still fully boned and does not sacrifice fashion for the sake of the pregnant woman or the unborn child.30 This refusal on the part of many women to give up fashionable dress even while pregnant generated many criticisms from doc- tors and dress reformers, who believed that the first duty of a woman was to be a wife and a mother, and so by lacing themselves tightly during pregnancy they were acting against nature itself. Editor WEB dESign gracE WESt, Senior Editor patty oWEnS, Senior Editor WEB dESign mikE hEnry, Senior Editor faculty adviSor ElizaBEth chadWick Contents MAKING CORSETS WORK: VICTORIAN WORKING WOMEN AND THE CORSET Marie Pellissier Unraveling the history and role of the corset among working women in the Victorian era FIGURES OF EXISTENTIALISM: A CYCLICAL RELATIONSHIP WITH PSYCHOLOGY Tracy Lu Assessing the reciprocal relationship between philosophy and psychology by examing the works of three of the world\u2019s greatest writers \u201cJES\u2019 NEXT TO JESUS CHRIST\u201d: SLAVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS ABRAHAM LINCOLN James Newhouset Examining the artful means by which ex-slaves criticized their Southern oppressors without endangering them- selves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8994", "words": "42197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Richey, Matthew; Tareila, Andrew; Zatkowski, Ellen; Tracz, R. Brian; Key, Benjamin; Agredo, Sebastian N.; Martinez, Dianna Michelle; Murphy, Dennis F.", "title": "Elements Spring 2011 Issue", "date": "2011", "keywords": "amasis; barrie; children; crimes; dorian; dorothy; eckhart; editor; egypt; elements; fact; family; genocide; god; good; greek; heidegger; henry; herodotus; human; ibid; influence; international; law; life; like; lord; lord henry; mind; new; notes; novel; nuremberg; object; party; people; perception; plato; salem; sarah; sense; slavery; soil; soil party; soul; spring; states; things; time; trials; war; way; wilde; witch; world; zubiri", "summary": "In his \u201cLesson\u201d Mather stresses the qualities of a pious child or the ideal that other children should em- ulate. 21 thE hIstorIEs of pharaoh amasIs \u201cEndowed with permanent youth, Dorian\u2019s life becomes a search for new sensations to mimic that first afternoon with Lord Henry.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8995", "words": "6645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Brady, Alex", "title": "Midfielders, MCs, and Mediascapes: Soccer and Hip-Hop's Global Hope for the Third World", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e c; e d; e l; e n; e s; e t; h e; m e; n d; o r; r e; t h", "summary": "Soccer and hip-hop are both cultural forms that have proliferated in this new era; their mutual popularity speaks to the universal appeal of their romanticized image, namely that of marginalized peoples transcending social barriers through music and sport. Although they intend to display an admiration and affinity for hip-hop culture by these practices, their fascination seems to stem from prevailing and ultimately damaging stereotypes, namely the conception that hip hop style is di- rectly identified with phallic empowerment for both men and women, a consequence of Japanese racial attitudes to- ward American blacks.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8998", "words": "5862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Perez, Celso Javier", "title": "Mutuality and Pleasure: A Discussion of the Female Orgasm in Contemporary Catholic Sexual Ethics", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; e t; l e; o r; r e", "summary": "If, as Gudorf and Kelly sug- gest, sexual pleasure is good, and, as Pellaeur reports, mu- tual orgasms lead to intimacy and means of relationships that cannot be expressed otherwise, then depriving a woman of orgasm during the sexual act wi l l infringe on the place where faithful love and procreativity concretely flourishes. However, Gudorf explains that not only is the sex- ual relationship good, but sexual pleasure is good as well.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-8999", "words": "5345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Brennan, Kerry", "title": "The Right Paradigm for Puno: A Microfinance Case Study", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; e r; e s; e t; r o; t h", "summary": "x l Recent coverage of microfinance programs has highlighted the social entrepreneurship aspect of microfinance and its newfound buzz factor within the financial community. More than that, it is difficult to distinguish whether impacts are the result of microfinance programs or other changes in the lives of bor- rowers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9000", "words": "5422", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Trinh, Huy", "title": "The Impossibility of Artificial Imagination: A Question of Genuine Consciousness", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e t; t h", "summary": "Neither is it conceivable that programmers wi l l come up with an algorithm that can rep- resent imagination. wi l l be nothing more than a mirror mimicking the world as is and not as the world might be.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9001", "words": "8079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Izzo, Jarret", "title": "The Place and the Maker: Frederick Law Olmsted and His Boston Parks", "date": "2007", "keywords": "boston; city; design; e n; h e; l l; new; olmsted; park; s t; space; t h", "summary": "Great success followed their ac- claimed project in Manhattan and, following the Civil War, the Olmsted & Vaux firm developed park space in Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chicago, and other, primarily northern, cities. Distinguishing Olmsted's park design is primarily an ad- herence to a comprehensive site plan and a unified vision of park space.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9003", "words": "6672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Yiannopoulos, Alex", "title": "Husserl's Logical Investigations: The Phenomenological Revolution", "date": "2007", "keywords": "derrida; husserl", "summary": "One of the seminal texts of the modern era, and indeed a text that would influence the course of Continental philos- ophy throughout the 20th century, is Husserl's Logical Investigations. Conceived in part as a response to what Husserl termed psychologism, the view that the truths of logic are derived from the facts of psychology, the Logical Investigations1 were a pivotal moment in the history of Western philosophy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9004", "words": "6280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Lagaard, Soren", "title": "A Tradition of Racism: The French National Front", "date": "2007", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; r e; s t; t e; t h", "summary": "x l A number of other movements, such as Organisation Armee Secrete (OAS), continued the trend and gave FN leader Le Pen one of his first forays into politics during the 1960s. French anti-immigrant leader Le Pen gets more support: poll. 2006.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9005", "words": "534", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2007", "keywords": "b.a; college", "summary": "graduated from Boston College in May 2007 with a B.A. in Political Science and concentrations in International Studies and French. graduated from Boston College in 2007 with a B.A. i n English and a minor in History.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9008", "words": "4048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Kenny, Daniel", "title": "Microbicides: A New Frontier in HIV/AIDS Prevention", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e s; h e; r e; t h", "summary": "I S E A S E S H A V E L O N G B E E N A T A B I C I D E S , H O W E V E R , G I V E S T H E M H O P E .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9009", "words": "6123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Hubele, Michelle", "title": "Lessons in Devotion: A Convergence of Christian and Hindu Religiosity", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e s; h e; r e; t h", "summary": "He explained the significance of such devotion in a way that permitted his advaitic understanding to still be true: Whatever you do, do without egotism, that is without the feeling ' I am doing this.' In the instance of Christianity, the concepts of devotion found in the margas of Bhakti, Karma, and Jfiana offer the possibility of deepen- ing Christian devotion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9010", "words": "5286", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Smyth, Jacquie", "title": "Transcending Traditional Gender Boundaries: Defining Gender Roles Through Public and Private Spheres", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e n; e r; g e; h e; n d; t h; t r", "summary": "Daniel Boyarin observes i n his Unheroic Conduct that Jewish women have enjoyed rather astonishing freedom, probably a result of their active role i n business and other public professions. While Christian women may have aided in the education of their children, they rarely wrote down their lessons for their progeny; instead, they relied on their children to pass on lessons to future generations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9011", "words": "3444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Mooney, Timothy", "title": "The Morality Test: An Ancient Perspective on Personal Virtue and Patriotism in Public Life", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e r; e s; h e; s t; t e; t h", "summary": "I T Y T E S T http://www.bartleby.com/73/ I N T E R E S T T O T H E C I T Y , A L C I B", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9012", "words": "8260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "Fox, Aleah", "title": "Varying Patterns of Mutation: Measuring the Universality of Regional Mutation Rates", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e n; e s; h e; o r; r e; t e; t h", "summary": "I N S E C T S , T O D E T E R M A T E S T A B L E 1 : P E A R S O N C O R R E L A T", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9013", "words": "5758", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Schermerhorn, Katie", "title": "A Faith that Does Justice: Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in El Salvador and Guatemala", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; e n; e s; e t; h e; r e; s t; t h; t r; t t", "summary": "Truth commissions focus on political forgiveness, or the public response to a collective offense. Political jus- tice is often omitted in the increasingly popular implemen- tation of truth commissions; an exposition of the truth alone is not sufficient.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9015", "words": "5510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "McMahon, Sean", "title": "A Confluence of Conservative Principles: Newt Gingrich, the Republican Party, and 1990s Welfare Reform", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e o; e r; e s; h e; o r; t h", "summary": "Though writing about the general philoso- phy of welfare programs, Piven and Cloward predict the sort of paternalism that is so prevalent i n the debate over how to operate welfare systems. A further examination of the Republican Party's principles surrounding welfare reform and how their views influenced the reform is necessary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9016", "words": "7098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Firth, Melanie", "title": "Race Relations and the Ideology of Domesticity: A Study of the Women's Antebellum South", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e e; e l; e n; e o; e s; e t; h e; n t; r e; t h; t r; t s", "summary": "Similarly, slave women had certain social standards to which they were required to adhere. Since they had few legal rights in southern states, slave women were required to be completely submissive to their masters and mis- tresses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9017", "words": "6103", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Wendel, Paul", "title": "Overcoming Ignorance: The Case for a Moral Imperative to Combat Global Poverty", "date": "2008", "keywords": "e n; e r; o r", "summary": "Section four discusses Pogge's argument that affluent individuals need to change their moral mindset to see that combating world poverty is a moral imperative, not a mere preference. Singer uses an analogy of a small child drowning in a pond and a person choosing not to wade into the pond to save the child because he does not want to get his shoes and pants wet to criticize affluent na- tions for failing to give more internationally to alleviate global poverty: If we do this when people are in danger of dying of starva- tion and when there are agencies that can, with reasonable efficiency, turn our modest donations of money into lifesav- ingfood and basic medicines, how can we consider ourselves any better than the person who sees the child fall in the pond and walks on?xix The reasonable ease with which aid can be given interna- tionally on behalf of affluent individuals makes contribut- ing\u2014in Singer's view\u2014not just an act of charity, but an act of moral duty.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9021", "words": "12021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "96", "author": "Valdez, Alexandra", "title": "Mit Brennender Sorge: An Exegesis on the Encyclical to the Third Reich", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c h; e n; e r; g e; h e; h o; h u; m e; n d; o r; o t; r c; t h; t r; u r; u t", "summary": "I n the same paragraph, the encyclical ident i f ied one m o r e o f the four marks o f the C h u r c h : unity . To the priests, Pius X I sent words o f congratulat ions a n d support for the i r faithfulness i n t imes o f t r i a l .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9022", "words": "12092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "97", "author": "Sheridan, Christopher", "title": "Frege and Wittgenstein: The Limits of the Analytic Style", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e n; e r; g e; h e; m e; n t; o r; o t; t e; t h", "summary": "Briefly, the f o r m a l corre lat ion consists i n ascr ibing f o r m a l n o t a t m u s t c o n f o r m to stan- dards o f proper use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9023", "words": "12962", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "94", "author": "Eighan, Erin E.", "title": "Illuminating a Culture, a History, a Tradition: Conceptual Blending in the St. John's Bible", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c o; e d; e n; e r; e t; h e; l e; l l; l t; m e; m o; n d; n t; o f; o r; o t; r n; s t; t h; t m; t r", "summary": "i n the v i - sual grids o f p o s t m o d e r n works . Not least a m o n g these controversies is the apparent confl ict between the scientific roots o f th is m o d e o f analysis", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9024", "words": "13462", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "91", "author": "Williams, Amber; Hake, Dr. Laura", "title": "Hormone-Mimicking Chemicals: What They Are, What They Do, and Where to Find Them", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c h; c t; e n; e r; e t; h e; h o; l e; l l; m e; m o; n d; n t; o f; o r; o t; r m; r t; s t; t h; u m; u r", "summary": "i o n w i t h sex, alcohol, or drugs may become m o r e l ike ly at an earlier age . A T A R E R E L E A S E D I N T O T H E A I R A C T U A L L Y D O .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9025", "words": "7899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "92", "author": "Guittard, Alex", "title": "Iran and the Nixon Doctrine: American Arms and the Rise and Fall of the Shah", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e n; e r; e t; h e; m e; n d; n t; o n; o r; t h; t r", "summary": "i n the area and was m o r e t h a n a m a t c h for the c o m b i n N E A N D T H E R O A D TO R E V O", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9026", "words": "6706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ulbrich, Shane", "title": "The Truth in Things (And Love in the World): Accessing the Natural Law's Metaphysical and Theological Foundation", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e n; e r; e t; h e; n t; t h; t r", "summary": "Some seek a return to traditional wisdom, often connected to religious conversion, in which natural law seems to play an important, i f unclear, role. Such a philosophical climate does not much countenance appeals to natural law.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9027", "words": "5603", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Smith, Kitsy", "title": "Expanding Waistlines: A \"Nutrition Transition\" in China", "date": "2010", "keywords": "h e; t h", "summary": "AS T H E W O R L D H E A L T H O R G A N i n e , therefore, the wi l l ingness o f parents to give c h", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9028", "words": "576", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2010", "keywords": "college; sciences", "summary": "She wrote Hormone-mimicking Chemicals: What They Are, What They Do, and Where to Find Them with Dr. Laura Hake of the Biology Department for the Ethics and Sustainability Conference held by the Jesuit Institute here at Boston College. This article is dedicated to her late grandmother, Mary Ann Eighan, for her endless love, kindness, and support. p.!, f x c. u ; T A R \u2022 is a member of the Class of 2011 in the College of Arts & Sciences at Boston College.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9031", "words": "9997", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "94", "author": "Swofford, Kate", "title": "Victor Horta's Vision: Art Nouveau, Fusion of Function and Form", "date": "2010", "keywords": "h o; n d; o f; o r; r t; t h", "summary": "i n Paris, b u t resided for m o s t o f his l For example, the levels that extend o f f the cen- tra l staircase vary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9032", "words": "4570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Georescu, Vlad", "title": "Mentira y Honor: Los temas del teatro espanol en el Siglo de Oro", "date": "2010", "keywords": "alvaro; como; con; crespo; del; don; duque; esta; honra; juan; las; los; mas; mentira; para; pedro; por; que; siglo; sus; una", "summary": "Aunque Dios era superficialtnente la autoridad mas alta, habia otro sistema de creencias, el de la honra, considerado mas sagrado por los ciudadanos de entonces M E N T Pedro Crespo, al recibir las noticias de la llegada de los soldados espanoles en Zalamea, pide a su hija Isabel y la su prima Ines que se escondan en el desvan de s u casa Hoy han de venir a casa / soldados, y es importante, / que no te vean.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9033", "words": "11375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "95", "author": "Grandmont, Megan", "title": "The Power of Her Voice: Music and Patriarchal Politics in Frances Burney's Cecilia", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e n; e r; h e; m e; o r; o t; t h", "summary": "i c p lot w i l l n o t leave her alone w i t i o n o f w o m e n is", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9034", "words": "11547", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "96", "author": "Zimmermann, Zach", "title": "Film as History: Fellini's La Dolce Vita as a Historical Artifact", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e l; e n; e r; h e; l l; m e; m o; n d; n t; o f; o r; o t; t e; t h; t r", "summary": "i n th is new Rome consists o f b o r e d o m and false idols . i m w i l l consider and reflect o n the n e w Rome.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9035", "words": "9359", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "93", "author": "Koniares, Katherine", "title": "Hearing the Classes: A Study of Cochlear Implantation and Socioeconomic Status", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e d; e n; e t; h e; m e; n d; n t; o r; r e; t h", "summary": "E U S E D T O I D w h o received a PCI l ived i n households f r o m the highest K I D category (>$35,ooo), a n d m o r e t h a n 7 0 % o f patients w i t h a PCI came f r o m fam- ilies w i t h an annua l", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9036", "words": "11960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "93", "author": "Gilman, Alexander", "title": "Cunning Folklore: The Meaning of \"Superstition\" in Early Modern Europe", "date": "2010", "keywords": "h e; o f; o r; r e; t h", "summary": "For m o s t o f the lengthy Despite f o l l o w i n g the arc o f his predecessors i n m a n y ways, Bourne actually ends, rather t h a n cont inues , the dis- cussion o f magic pract i t ioners .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9037", "words": "9293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "97", "author": "Williamson, Katherine", "title": "Guercino's Erminia: A Gifted Painting's Story of Italian Power Culture", "date": "2010", "keywords": "e n; e r; h e; m e; n d; n t; o l; o r; t h", "summary": "x i m that the power o f w o m e n should n o t be underes t imated . A N D I N T E R P R E T", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9039", "words": "339", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "85", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Artwork Credits", "date": "2010", "keywords": "corbis", "summary": "u s / A l a m y PARISH OF SAN JOSE \u00a9 Corbis DE LA BARCA \u00a9 H u l t o n Archive/Getty Images DRESS REHEARSAL OF 'DON JUAN, EL BURLADOR DE SEVILLA' BY TIRSO DE MOLINA \u00a9 Q u i m Llenas/Cover/Getty Images ECSTASY OF SAINT CECILIA BY RAPHAEL \u00a9 L I S T OF A R T W O R K LAEKEN ROYAL GREENHOUSES WINTER GARDEN DOM E, BRUSSELS \u00a9 Chris Baker/Alamy HOTEL SOLVAY BY VICTOR HORTA, BRUSSELS, 1894.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9057", "words": "804", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2015", "keywords": "college; elements; innovation", "summary": "This issue of Elements explores the implications of disruptive innovation in a variety of contexts, in an attempt to reconcile the vestiges of the past with the realities of the present. Even as disruptive innovation transforms some fields beyond recognition, lingering remnants of obsolete structures inhibit essential changes in oth- ers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9058", "words": "843", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Marandola, Marissa", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2015", "keywords": "college; program; research; school", "summary": "evan goldstein graduated from Boston College cum laude with a B.A. in Theology and a minor in Philosophy. She studied Biology at Boston College, and was part of the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences Honors Program as well as the Biology Department Honors Program.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9060", "words": "8865", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Schneider, Allison", "title": "Uber Takes the Passing Lane: Disruptive Competition and Taxi-Livery Service Regulations", "date": "2015", "keywords": "business; cities; city; driver; livery; n.p; new; nov; oct; ridesharing; service; taxi; time; transportation; uber; web; york", "summary": "This social benefit portends additional attributes that appear to be bolstering adoption.40 This, along with other social motivations such as not needing a parking space, are signs that Uber customers see lifestyle benefits beyond simply having an alternative to taxi or livery services, which is a powerful driving force in Uber\u2019s penetration of the marketplace. A survey commis- sioned by the City of San Francisco revealed that there is a shortage of taxi services, which affects the overall use of the public transportation system.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9061", "words": "3177", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Calhoun, Doyle", "title": "A Grammar of Punctuation in Poetry: Modern Computational Linguistic Perspectives", "date": "2015", "keywords": "language; linguistics; poetry; punctuation; studies; use", "summary": "Punctuation is not a necessary (or very common) feature of human language: not all speech communities have written language, and not all written languages have punctuation. Such particularities of literary punctuation include its: rhetorical force, aesthetic or visual dimension, meta-physical qualities, allusive potential, and effect on meter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9062", "words": "5947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Vazquez, Maria", "title": "Latino Masculinity: Underlying Factors in College Persistence Levels", "date": "2015", "keywords": "college; education; family; gender; help; latino; male; masculinity; men; participants; persistence; seeking", "summary": "The concept of family can be a dou- ble-edged sword, providing extensive support and positive involvement for Latino male college students, but also de- manding a level of commitment that often interferes with college persistence.8 The complex topic of Latino male college persistence in- volves the interrelation of a variety of systems and factors. \u201cInvesting in higher education for Latinos: Trends in Latino college access and success.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9063", "words": "4062", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Walker, Alec", "title": "Dissent in the Wirtschaftswunder: Historical Memory and the German Student Movement", "date": "2015", "keywords": "dutschke; germany; history; movement; power; revolution; society; students", "summary": "As a student-produced pamphlet described, the protestors were objecting to a leader who had \u201cbeen shown to have tortured and murdered hun- dreds of politicians, journalists, students, and workers\u201d \u2014 a despot who embodied every authoritarian tendencies.22 However, despite various accounts of police brutality and the murder of student activist Benno Ohnesorg, the pro- testors remained peaceful, establishing themselves as the antithetical, historically aware opposition. The movement\u2019s antiauthoritarianism, its main mode of leaving the stric- tures of the university, was also historical in nature, calling into question not only their current leaders, but also the regimes of Adenauer and the Third Reich and what they saw as their repressive tendencies \u2014 seeking to engage more with the public and bring it to awareness.25 Rather than a movement of divisive violence, Rudi Dutschke, the SDS, and the students in general sought a universal \u201ccoalition of workers and students in the organi- zational form of [revolutionary] councils.\u201d26", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9064", "words": "8007", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Tank, Allyson", "title": "A Biological \"Arms Race\": APOBEC3F Diversity and its Influence on Lentiviral Resistance", "date": "2015", "keywords": "a3f; clones; doi; hiv-1; host; macaques; primate; proteins; restriction; rhesus; species; vif; virus", "summary": "host a3 proteins (triangles) incorporate into a budding virion, and then interfere with the process of reverse transcription in the target cell to prevent further viral replication. Further mutagenesis studies will reveal whether any of these sites play a role in SIV restriction, or whether it truly is another virus altogether that has provided the selective pressure on rhA3F. In addition, the sooty mangabey, crab- eating macaque, and pigtail macaque A3F clones have not been fully characterized in terms of their susceptibility to various Vifs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9065", "words": "4673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Shapiro, Benjamin", "title": "Cartographers in the Caribbean: Economics and Mapping in the Colonial New World", "date": "2015", "keywords": "atlas; caribbean; european; ibid; islands; jefferys; maps; plate; region; trade", "summary": "cartographers in the caribbean Economics and Mapping in the Colonial New World benjamin shapiro introduction As a region of tropical islands and countless waterways, the Caribbean represented far more than just a pictur- esque landscape for exploration to those who lived there during the eighteenth century. The islands themselves even reflected these dif- ferences to an extreme degree; on islands like Jamaica and Cuba, lush tropical forests dominated the landscape and contrasted sharply with the islands of the sandy and flat Bahama archipelago.1,2 Exoticism, to most Europeans, remained a very broad term at this time, but the consensus on its definition seems to include foreign flora, fauna, climate, societies, and language.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9066", "words": "7141", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Goldstein, Evan", "title": "Performing Redemption: Metzian Theology in the Art of Kendrick Lamar", "date": "2015", "keywords": "death; dying; kendrick; lamar; life; metz; sin; theology; thirst; track; verse", "summary": "The sin Lamar confronts is not the abstract, onto- logical sin of the dominant Christian tradition of theo- logical anthropology, but rather a social condition of \u201cdy- ing of thirst,\u201d described in the second half of the two-part track. Instead, following Benja- min, Metz re-articulates faith as a \u201cpraxis in history and society\u201d that struggles to speak about God from the under- side of modernity.8 In this paper, I read Kendrick Lamar\u2019s \u201cSing About Me, I\u2019m Dying of Thirst\u201d as a performance of dangerous memory.9", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9067", "words": "3995", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "McCaffrey, Olivia", "title": "Neither Red Nor Blue: The Influence of Independent Voters in Massachusetts", "date": "2015", "keywords": "candidates; commonwealth; election; independent; massachusetts; party; republican; voters", "summary": "the prevalence of independent voters in massachusetts The percentage of Independent voters in Massachusetts has increased during every presidential administration since that of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953-1961. massachusetts is a perfect microcosm through which to explore the influence of independent voters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9068", "words": "3294", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Larrabee, Catherine", "title": "Inherited Injustice: Stigma and Gender Discrimination as Barriers to AIDS Prevention in India", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aids; hiv; india; pptct; transmission; women", "summary": "As Cecilia Van Hol- len notes, \u201cWhile the government of India has made prog- ress increasing the availability of prevention of mother-to- child transmission of HIV services, only about one quarter of pregnant women received an HIV test in 2010, and about one-in-five that were found positive for HIV received interventions to prevent vertical transmission of HIV\u201d.10 Despite the successes of PPTCT, the majority of HIV-posi- tive pregnant women in India remain vulnerable to verti- cal transmission. Further- more, a study of pregnant women in western India sug- gests the following: \u201c[A woman\u2019s] HIV risk perception seems more influenced by her socio-demographic status and her couple relationship than by her level of HIV-related knowledge\u2026 the significant factors identified in this study point out to the fact that risk perception and hence risk reduction among pregnant women, and probably overall women within stable heterosexual couples, must go far beyond imparting knowledge about HIV and must address the more deep-rooted issues such as partner communication, domestic violence, alcoholism, and lack of education among women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9069", "words": "51373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Calhoun, Doyle; Goldstein, Evan; Larrabee, Catherine; McCaffrey, Olivia; Schneider, Allison; Shapiro, Benjamin; Tank, Allyson; Vazquez, Maria; Walker, Alec", "title": "Elements Fall 2015 Issue", "date": "2015", "keywords": "a3f; aids; analysis; business; caribbean; city; college; death; doi; dying; education; elements; factors; fall; family; figure; future; gender; german; help; history; hiv; human; ibid; independent; india; jefferys; journal; kendrick; lamar; language; latino; life; massachusetts; metz; movement; n.p; new; participants; party; pptct; proteins; punctuation; research; restriction; rhesus; ridesharing; role; service; social; society; species; state; students; studies; study; success; support; system; taxi; theology; thirst; time; transmission; transportation; uber; university; vif; virus; voters; web; women; work; world; york", "summary": "The concept of family can be a dou- ble-edged sword, providing extensive support and positive involvement for Latino male college students, but also de- manding a level of commitment that often interferes with college persistence.8 The complex topic of Latino male college persistence in- volves the interrelation of a variety of systems and factors. \u201cOver the next few years, if Uber and other such services do re- duce the need for private vehicle ownership, they could help lower the cost of living in urban areas, reduce the en- vironmental toll exacted by privately owned automobiles \u2026 in a january 2015 protest, portland taxi drivers demanded that city leaders make ridesharing companies play by the same rules as cabs and town cars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9283", "words": "4288", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Johnson, Katelyn", "title": "The Dirt and The Bees: The Epidemiology of Neonicotinoids", "date": "2016", "keywords": "clo; concentration; creek; neonicotinoids; samples; sediment; soil; tmx; water", "summary": "The concentrations of CLO in Stroubles creek do not correlate to any particular contami- nator in the way that TMX concentrations reflect the loca- tion of the cornfield. The soil was air dried, sieved through a 2 mm sieve, and then ground for the incubation study for TMX transformation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9296", "words": "3377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Panariello, Natalie", "title": "On the Wrong Side of the Tracks?: Ethical Considerations of the Needle Black Market", "date": "2016", "keywords": "clean; drug; exchange; health; idus; michael; needles; philadelphia", "summary": "Since the late 1980S, needle exchange programS (nepS) have been great reSourceS for intravenouS drug uSerS (iduS), aS they provide both clean needleS with which iduS can inject aS well aS baSic health ServiceS, including hiv teSting and counSeling. In some cities, there even exists self-policing where sellers hold each other accountable for distributing clean needles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9298", "words": "5807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Butron, Juliana", "title": "A Climate of Inaction: Limitations of a Relational Understanding of Morality", "date": "2016", "keywords": "authority; change; climate; environmental; global; group; morality; sharing; trolley; understanding", "summary": "Aspects of climate change inaction find their roots in sim- ilar behavioral fossils. Reducing gReenhouse gas emissions is the only way to mitigate the consequences of climate change.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9299", "words": "4048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Heine, Jennifer", "title": "Two Separate Persons: Ethnicity and Identity in Trollope's Phineas Finn", "date": "2016", "keywords": "anthony; character; finn; ireland; irish; phineas; trollope", "summary": "According to Patrick Lonergan\u2019s \u201cThe Representation Of Phineas Finn: Anthony Trollope\u2019s Palliser Series And Victorian Ireland,\u201d \u201cPhineas\u2019s nationality has been ignored because of Trollope\u2019s statement that he believed it was a \u2018blunder\u2019 to make his hero an Irishman\u2026 it is disappointing that Phineas\u2019s nationality has been ignored or dismissed by literary critics. Jane Elizabeth Dougherty contrasts this in \u201cAn Angel In The House: The Act Of Union And Anthony Trollope\u2019s Irish Hero,\u201d claiming that the opposite effect can be discerned: Because Trollope himself called attention to the \u201cblunder\u201d\u2026 many of these critics have examined the importance of Phineas\u2019s ethnicity to the story\u2026 Clearly, critics have not yet reached a consensus on the tricky subject of the ethnicity of Phineas Finn, and its effects on the characterizations, composition, trajectory, and reception of Trollope\u2019s\u2026 novel.3 One can conclude, though, that Phineas\u2019s Irish heritage was originally intended to improve upon the novel\u2019s hero.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9300", "words": "7122", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kabacinski, Christopher", "title": "Who Would Hire a Blind Poet?: Blindness in the Eyes of Stephen Kuusisto", "date": "2016", "keywords": "blindness; body; bread; disability; everyday; kuusisto; language; light; man; masculinity; poems; visual", "summary": "It\u2019s been five years Since I was paired with this dog Who, in fact, is more than a dog \u2013 She watches for me.101 What follows is a description of \u201c[their] twin minds [going] walking\u201d in New York City.102 Kuusisto and Corky navigate the city\u2019s well-travelled paths and its landmarks in an un- expected and mythical manner. Kuusisto was born in March 1955 with \u201cretinopathy of prematurity,\u201d and has been considered \u201clegally blind\u201d since childhood.30 Moving from the myth-worlds of Oedipus and Tiresias, from the powerless place of the disabled man, Kuusisto positions himself \u201cin the normal \u2026 in the everyday.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9301", "words": "2482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Luedeking, Alessandra", "title": "Titan of Terror: A Personification of the Destroyer of Worlds", "date": "2016", "keywords": "film; godzilla; japanese; nuclear; war; world", "summary": "Godzilla\u2019s de- structive acts are never gratuitous; the audience is never invited to admire and derive enjoyment from Godzilla\u2019s \u201c\u2018If we keep on conducting nuclear tests, it\u2019s possible that another Godzilla might appear somewhere in the world, again.\u2019\u201d Crew MeMber of Daigo fukuryu Maru reCeiving treatMent (courtesy of wikimedia commons) 86 ElEmEnts : : spring 2016 tremendous feats of destructive might. The reduction to \u201cstupid, bestial, even pestilential subhuman caricatures on the enemy\u201d made it easier to tolerate the prospect of mass killing other human beings.6 Indeed, in his private diary, President Harry Truman, in reference to the planned use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki commented: Even if the Japs are savages, ruthless, merciless and fanatic, we as the leader of the world for the common welfare cannot drop this terrible bomb on the old capital or the new\u201d [in reference to Kyoto and Tokyo]\u2026I know that Japan is a terribly cruel and un- civilized nation in warfare\u2026because they are beasts\u20267 The superiority complex espoused by the United States ex- tended to its occupation of Japan from 1945-1952.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9302", "words": "2032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Moretti, Rebecca", "title": "The Psychological Puzzle: Contributing Factors to the Top-Down Politicization of Intelligence", "date": "2016", "keywords": "intelligence; leaders; policymakers; politicization", "summary": "What allows policymakers to exploit ambiguous intelligence is not primarily the intelli- gence itself, regardless of its ambiguity, but rather the psy- chological predilections that prevent them from accurately appraising the information. Policymakers need intelligence to make decisions, while the intelligence community derives significance from its ability to Provide Policy makers with reliable information.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9303", "words": "3237", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Diep-Nguyen, Arthur", "title": "Dreibens Modulo 7: A New Formula for Primality Testing", "date": "2016", "keywords": "mod", "summary": "In other words, one would have yet another method to determine the number of dreibens of length n divisible by 7. 98 ElEmEnts : : spring 2016 conclusIon While we are still far from determining whether the set of prime dreibens is finite or infinite, our exploration of dreibens modulo 7 has cast much light on the problem. We can perform similar calculations for An where n \u2261 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (mod 6), thereby allowing us to quickly find An for any n. Hence, we can easily determine An for any n, allow- ing us to rule out many composite dreibens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9305", "words": "9399", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Quigley, Katherine", "title": "Convict the Deviant: Masculinity and Rape in Early America", "date": "2016", "keywords": "america; arthur; century; early; life; man; men; narratives; rape; rapists; sex; sheehen; young", "summary": "itself.40 The rape of a white woman by a black man indicated a sense of manly independence that was highly threatening to white men living in a race-based hierarchy.41 When reviewing Arthur\u2019s narrative, one must understand his actions within the context of the slave system that Ar- thur actively rebelled against. Americans saw British soldiers as rapists and, like black men, they were overrepresented in print accounts of rape.66 The rape of innocent American \u201cIn his warning, Arthur connected his fate to racial power dynamics, as he blamed his own rebellion for his execution.\u201d 20 ElEmEnts : : spring 2016 women and girls by the lecherous agents of a corrupt po- litical system was a powerful tool that Americans used to justify their disregard for British authority.67 While this may not have been the prime motivation for Young\u2019s con- viction and execution, this unforgiving image of British soldiers nevertheless impacted how members of the jury and public thought of Robert Young.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9306", "words": "5526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Park, Daniel; Lee, Yoon-Shin (Clara)", "title": "Divisions Dissected: A Deconstruction of Boston College's \"Asian Bubble\"", "date": "2016", "keywords": "american; asian; bubble; campus; community; identity; students; survey", "summary": "It is a phe- nomenon where Asian students on campus unite and form a unique community, a sub-culture that can seem rather exclusive to students on the outside. This may be due to one of two reasons: 1) Groupthink affects upperclassmen who are a part of the Asian community to respond AsiAn students in clAss (source: publicdomainpic- tures) 67 dIVISIONS dISSECTEd positively, or 2) Directly experiencing the Asian community contradicts the negative perceptions surrounding the community, leading upperclassmen to have more positive perceptions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9308", "words": "1313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Marandola, Marissa; Wang, Betty", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2016", "keywords": "boston; college; editor; elements; journal; research", "summary": "Daniel Park and Clara Lee examines a similar struggle between definition and identity in \u201cDivisions Dissected\u201d by focusing on the notion of the \u201cAsian Bubble\u201d and its impact on the experience and self-perceptions of Asian American students at Bos- ton College. staff Editors-in-chiEf Marissa Marandola BEtty (yunqing) Wang Managing Editor anniE KiM dEputy Editor alEssandra luEdEKing trEasurEr ashEr (sEungWan) Kang layout Xizi (KElsEy) zhang, Senior Editor ElisE hon, Assistant Editor shuang li, Editor thao vu, Editor huManitiEs JacoB ciafonE, Senior Editor isaBElla doW, Senior Editor siErra dEnnEhy, Editor ciaran dillon-davidson, Editor social sciEncEs sydnEy applE, Senior Editor MichEllE Kang, Senior Editor Erica", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9309", "words": "1565", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Marandola, Marissa; Wang, Betty", "title": "Author Biographies and Artwork Credits", "date": "2016", "keywords": "arts; boston; college; commons; domain; wikimedia", "summary": "[Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons The TyBUrn GalloWs \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons 18Th cenTUry Trial \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons redWood Tree \u00a9 By User:Jyekrang (Own work) [Public domain], Tiresias appearinG To Ulysses \u00a9 Henry Fuseli [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons 19 man on Trial \u00a9 Wikimedia Commons creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons dia Commons Wikimedia Commons org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons via Wikimedia Commons main], via Wikimedia Commons 54 52 OEDIPUS AT COLONUS \u00a9 Jean-Antoine-Th\u00e9odore Giroust", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9353", "words": "2873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Gawlick, Natasza", "title": "Thank You for the Music: Musical Activities as Therapy for Autistic Children", "date": "2016", "keywords": "autism; children; movement; music; study; therapy", "summary": "EffECTs of musiC ThEraPy on ChildrEn WiTh auTism As previously mentioned, music therapy can have profound effects on building interpersonal relationships and increasing emotional expression, particularly in autistic children. The researchers evaluated five target behaviors: joy, emotional synchronicity, initiation of engagement, compliant re- sponse, and no response.7 Kim, Wingram, and Gold found that the frequency of joy events steadily increased over the course of 12 sessions in music therapy conditions, whereas joy events remained stable at zero in toy play sessions.8 Similarly, children initi- ated engagement with the therapist more in music therapy than in toy therapy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9354", "words": "7594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Blaisdell, Max", "title": "Tunisian Exceptionalism Or Constitutional Timing: A Comparison Of Democratic Transitions In The Middle East", "date": "2016", "keywords": "arab; democracy; democratic; east; egypt; egyptian; elections; islamists; middle; military; new; press; theory; transition; tunisia; university", "summary": "the ArAb Spring proteStS were greeted with euphoriA, but the reSulting inStAbility, SectAriAniSm, And extreme violence in SeverAl middle eAStern StAteS hAve led Some to believe thAt the toppled dictAtorS mAy hAve been the leSSer of two evilS. while tuni- SiA\u2019S SucceSSful democrAtic trAnSition lookS like An AnomAly in itS current regionAl environment, egypt AlSo Achieved A SignificAnt hiStoric mileStone when it elected preSident morSi in free electionS. however, hiS Short tenure And egypt\u2019S broAder fAil- ure to democrAtize promptS queStionS AS to how democrAtic trAnSitionS cAn Succeed After dictAtorShipS. by compAring the tuniSiAn And egyptiAn democrAtic trAnSition proceSSeS, the Article SeekS to elucidAte the cAuSeS of the difference in outcomeS of the proteStS in theSe two StAteS. new politicAl ActorS Secondly, I examine existing theo- ries of democratic transition, ranging from modernization to institutional theory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9371", "words": "2255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Leddy, Madeline T.", "title": "Myth Or Truth: The Apollonian And Dionysian In The Death Of Ivan Ilyich", "date": "2016", "keywords": "apollonian; death; dionysian; ivan", "summary": "Its mortalIty. Myth or truth The Apollonian and Dionysian in The Death of Ivan Ilyich madelIne leddy In The Birth of Tragedy, author Friedrich Nietzsche analyz- es the beginnings of Greek tragedy in order to reflect on the nature of human society, particularly that of Western thinking. In his novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Leo Tolstoy exemplifies the consequences of glorifying the Apollonian at the expense of the Dionysian by portraying the slow and demoralizing death of his titular character Ivan Ilyich.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9377", "words": "4749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Flythe, Benjamin R.", "title": "Dreams and Sexuality: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Klimt's Beethoven Frieze", "date": "2016", "keywords": "art; beethoven; female; frieze; gustav; klimt; music; new; secession; vienna; work", "summary": "The German artist Max Klinger had very recently completed a monumental, polychrome sculpture of the composer and, \u201cintent on being the first venue for the statue\u2019s display, the Secession approached Klinger and proposed to venerate his masterpiece with a new, avant-garde style of exhibition\u2026\u201d8 Their proposal made use of the unique opportunity afforded them by the Secession building; called \u201cTempelkunst,\u201d they offered to feature Klinger\u2019s Beethoven in a space specially constructed so as to highlight the piece, paying homage both to the art- ist and Klinger himself\u2014all the while highlighting, of course, the art of the Secessionists.9 It is my suggestion that Klimt\u2019s contribution to the fourteenth exhibition, the infamous Beethoven Frieze more so than nearly any of Klimt\u2019s prior or later works, is one that provides an abso- lutely critical key to understanding the psycho-sexual crisis that contributed to the artist\u2019s radical shift in style. [Be embrac\u2019d, ye millions yonder!/ Take this kiss throughout the world!/ Brothers\u2014o\u2019er the stars unfurl\u2019d/ Must reside a loving Father.]\u201d10 Ernst St\u00f6hr, a painter and lesser-known Secession artist, evidently helped Klimt devise the program of the Beethoven Frieze\u2014and he almost certainly wrote the foreword to the exhibition\u2019s pro- gram.11 Having little to do with Beethoven himself \u201cas an historic figure or spiritual leader,\u201d12 St\u00f6hr\u2019s description of the Beethoven Frieze\u2019s content from the exhibition program presents a fin-de-si\u00e8cle interpretation of the composition of the Ninth Symphony and reads as follows: The three painted walls constitute a coherent sequence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9380", "words": "3138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kim, Clare", "title": "The Blindspot: Asian Misrepresentation In Orange Is The New Black", "date": "2016", "keywords": "asian; black; chang; oitnb; orange; race", "summary": "Big Boo objectifies Soso as she labels her as \u201cthe hot one of the Asian persuasion,\u201d reinforcing the often fetishized por- trayals of Asian women in the media.13 This hyper-sexual- ized depiction of Asian women upholds the phenomenon of what is often referred to as \u201cyellow fever\u201d, which is large- ly problematic in that \u201cit doesn\u2019t see [Asian] women as fully-formed individuals, but as the living embodiment of offensive stereotypes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9435", "words": "5507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Caswell, Violet", "title": "Meeting Henry Hills: Printer To The King's Most Excellent Majesty", "date": "2016", "keywords": "book; henry; henry hills; hills; james; king; london; printer; printing", "summary": "\u201cAt the Dwelling House of Mr. Henry Hills,\u201d Evening Post, May 29, 1712, iss. \u201cAt the Dwelling House of Mr. Henry Hills.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9439", "words": "7924", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Sullivan, Sarah K.", "title": "Extralegal Violence: The Ku Klux Klan In The Reconstruction Era", "date": "2016", "keywords": "black; committee; justice; klan; klux; klux klan; ku klux; lynching; man; murder; reconstruction; violence; white", "summary": "When studying statistics involving Ku Klux Klan violence, it is necessary to note that many outrages went unreported. 41 ExtralEgal ViolEncE Whites supported Ku Klux Klan efforts in controlling black labor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9448", "words": "4561", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "LeDoux, James", "title": "Extra Point Under Review: Machine Learning And The NFL Field Goal", "date": "2016", "keywords": "data; field; game; goal; kicker; logistic; model; regression", "summary": "The result is a model that learns its own features, as opposed to other models which are constrained to the features that a user feeds them. Model 3: Home Field Advantages For model 3, I regressed all of the previously mentioned variables as well as the individual stadium dummies on field goal outcomes in order to see which home fields were the most significant.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9449", "words": "3687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Chou, Lindsey", "title": "Our Lady Of Impossibility: Gendered Standards In Islam And Christianity", "date": "2016", "keywords": "islam; islamic; mary; muhammad; print; women", "summary": "Given the acceptance of menstruation as \u201cdefil- ing,\u201d the conflation of Mary\u2019s virginity with her worth, and the reduction of her identity and value to being the obedi- ent owner of a uterus, it becomes clear that the ways in which we affirm Mary matters are framed within the rules of what matters most for men. She is, by her essence, sacred.15 The melding of this standard set by F\u00e1tima with that of Mary blurs the boundaries between Christian and Islamic expectations for women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9453", "words": "10324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kim, Soyeon", "title": "Alternative Truths: The Construction Of Narratives In The Rodney King Trial", "date": "2016", "keywords": "beating; defense; discourse; images; jurors; king; law; narrative; officers; police; prosecution; rodney king; trial; video", "summary": "Yet, the video of King\u2019s beating in 1992 was the first time that the problem of po- lice brutality appeared on the national radar, though many black people contend that this problem of police brutality existed long before 1992 and that the Rodney King case was only the first time it was caught on tape.7 Thus, the local and national outrage at the verdict was unsurprising: the video \u201cclearly\u201d showed that the beating was a case of police brutality, that excessive force was used against Rod- ney King, and that King consequently suffered a multitude of injuries\u2014and yet, all four policemen in the Rodney King case were not convicted. Thus, rather than a whole that represented one thing\u2014i.e., the police brutally beating Rodney King\u2014 the video became a series of distinct images and events, from the police\u2019s perceived signs of aggression from King, to the police making the reasoned decision to contain this threat, to the strikes with the batons themselves.28 These still images made King appear more active than in the video, and therefore gave the jurors an illusion of move- ment and power to King, which they were quick to believe due to their ideology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9581", "words": "1069", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Wang, Betty", "title": "Author Biographies", "date": "2016", "keywords": "art; boston; college; studies", "summary": "violet CasWell Violet is a senior at Boston College majoring in History and minoring in Theology and international studies. Max worked as an undergraduate research assistant at the Boisi Center for Religion and American Public Life while at Boston College.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9582", "words": "396", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-15", "author": "Wang, Betty", "title": "Artwork Credits", "date": "2016", "keywords": "domain; wikimedia", "summary": "List of Artwork The visiT of The angel gabriel To The virgin mary \u00a9 Simone Martini [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons 10 12 16 20 28 29 30 30 32 33 The egypTian revoluTion in Tahrir square \u00a9 Maged Helal, https://flic.kr/p/9kxiFH, via Flickr muhammad preaching To his followers \u00a9 [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons free Tunisia \u00a9 Wassim Ben Rhouma, Free Tunisa, https://flic.kr/p/9eK3fo, via Flickr Pallas athena, 1898 \u00a9 Gustav Klimt [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons PhilosoPhy (destroyed), 1900 \u00a9 Gustav Klimt [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons PreParatory study for JurisPrudence, 1897-98 \u00a9 Clark Art Institute, https://flic.kr/p/68S8qU, via Flickr JurisPrudence, 1903-1907 \u00a9 Gustav Klimt [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Beethoven frieze (\u201cthe hostile Powers\u201d), 1902 \u00a9 Gustav Klimt [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons the kiss for the whole world, 1902 \u00a9 Gustav Klimt [Public domain], via Wikimedia Com- mons ScreenShot of the video of rodney king\u2019S beating \u00a9 ATOMIC Hot Links, Los Angele\u2019s three day Shoot, Loot & Scoot 1992 (Rodney King beating) https://flic.kr/p/5K1etA, via Flickr rodney king caricature \u00a9 Cass Anaya, https://flic.kr/p/bGLrCz, via Flickr la riotS caricature \u00a9 ATOMIC Hot Links, Los Angele\u2019s three day Shoot, Loot & Scoot 1992, https://flic.kr/p/5K1fr3, via Flickr 40 50 50 70 78 86 91 Calling for equality in the la riots \u00a9 ATOMIC Hot Links, Los Angele\u2019s three day Shoot, Loot & Scoot 1992 (Man\u2019s inhumanity to man), https:// flic.kr/p/5K5Vhf, via Flickr 93 lisT of arTWork Children gathered for a musiC lesson \u00a9 Admin", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9583", "words": "933", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Wang, Betty", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2016", "keywords": "college; editor; elements; issue; journal", "summary": "Wang Managing Editor anniE KiM dEputy Editor alEssandra luEdEKing trEasurEr ashEr (sEungWan) Kang layout Xizi (KElsEy) zhang, Senior Editor ElisE hon, Assistant Editor sEWon (Jason) oh, Editor huManitiEs JacoB ciafonE, Senior Editor isaBElla doW, Senior Editor laura casado, Editor EMily tang, Editor social sciEncEs sydnEy applE, Senior Editor MichEllE Kang, Senior Editor BEnJaMin fErri, Editor asad pasha, Editor natural sciEncEs david fu, Senior Editor JEssica Bolduc, Editor JunghWan KiM, Editor MEdia & puBlicity annE donnElly, Senior Editor MadElinE gEorgE, Assistant Editor WEB Editor MinKi hong, Senior Editor officE ManagEr Billy huBschMan faculty advisors Thanks We would like to thank Boston College, the Institute for the Liberal Arts, and the Office of the Dean for the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences for the financial support that makes this issue possible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9603", "words": "7752", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Howe, Emma", "title": "Limitations of Secularization and Western Feminism In the Arab World: Religion, Culture, and Identity", "date": "2017", "keywords": "arab; berger; feminism; islam; islamic; muslim; new; religion; secularism; secularization; western; women; world", "summary": "One such significant effect of the dominant \u201crepresenta- tions\u201d of Western feminism is its likeness to imperialism in its view of particular third world women. in order to adequately address this issue, it is crucial to exam- ine the context in Which these Western theories Were initially developed, taking into account the developmental and consequential failures of the \u201csecularization the- sis,\u201d as Well as the construction of Western feminism and its limitations in the mus- lim World.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9604", "words": "5308", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Park, Zackary Tajin", "title": "Characterization of LL25X, a Newly Isolated Anti-SIV Monoclonal Antibody, to Determine Binding Specificity", "date": "2017", "keywords": "dna; gel; kpni; ll25x; pcep4; sapi; vector", "summary": "Ligation of LL25X into Backbone Vector pCEP4 DNA gel electrophoresis of 2 \u00b5L of the double digested backbone vector pCEP4 and 2 \u00b5L of the double digested LL25X PCR product was performed on 1% agarose gel for 1 hour. Western blotting also re- vealed that monoclonal SIVmac239 antibody LL25X binds specifically to ectodomain SIVmac239gp41 of Env glyco- protein SIVmac239gp140.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9605", "words": "4908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Sullivan, Caitlin M.", "title": "An Economic Analysis of Incarcerating the Elderly", "date": "2017", "keywords": "age; costs; crime; incarceration; inmates; justice; prison; prisoners; release; sentences; states", "summary": "The following table demonstrates the significantly lower instances of disruptive behavior among elderly inmates as opposed to various other categories of inmates.20 Although this elderly population has the lowest likelihood of exhibiting destructive behavior (to themselves or to others), this group is at a high risk for victimization within prison systems, second only to inmates with mental illnesses. Even with the advent of some of these early release programs, there are thousands of elderly inmates with no hopes of seeing freedom in the limited time on earth that they have left.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9606", "words": "6093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Wills, Breck; Gan, Samina; Mindlin, Jordan; Sheerin, Patrick", "title": "India to U.S. Migration Case Study", "date": "2017", "keywords": "brain; h-1b; immigrants; immigration; indian; percent; program; states; trump; u.s; united; workers", "summary": "So although there is room for some counteracting factors, there is an overall initial loss felt by India due to the emigration of high skilled workers to the United States.46 Possibly, the only way to reconcile this in their economy is if these In- dian immigrants were to return. Today Indian migrants are the number one recipients of temporary high skilled H-1B visas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9609", "words": "5856", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Cormier, Haley Sierra", "title": "A Pageant Politicized: Women\u2019s Liberation, Miss Black America and Intersectionality in 1968", "date": "2017", "keywords": "america; black; black america; feminist; liberation; miss; miss america; pageant; protest; women", "summary": "The women\u2019s liberation protest and Miss Black America thus individually garnered attention for their critiques of the official Miss America Pageant, but did the women in- volved in these contemporaneous protests (and, by exten- sion, other followers of their respective movements) sup- port each other\u2019s goals? The fact that historical scholarship has been influenced by misrepresentative print media accounts of the 1968 women\u2019s liberation and Miss Black America protests\u2014 accounts that arose, as I have demonstrated, through omission and framing\u2014underscores the importance of considering journalistic conventions when analyzing press coverage as a primary source.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9614", "words": "6758", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "D'Altrui, Elizabeth Mary", "title": "Bottle Water Bans: How can we curb the thirst for bottled water?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "ban; beverages; bottled; consumption; health; ibid; plastic; policy; tap; university; washington; water", "summary": "Bottled water, for example, serves as the emergency source of drinking water when the public water system becomes contaminated.51 Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the utility must notify resi- dents of such contamination so that they can switch to bottled water or purify their tap water.52 For example, in Flint, Michigan, the city\u2019s water supply was contaminated with \u201ctoxic levels of lead and iron,\u201d making unfiltered wa- ter unsafe to drink.53 In an effort to help the community of Flint, organizations were sending shipments of bottled wa- ter. as the demand fOr bOttled water has increased, the damaging effects Of un-recy- cled plastics and the pOllutiOn created in the making Of the plastic bOttles have greatly harmed the planet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9615", "words": "4054", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Coscia, Monica Lynne", "title": "Justice, Truth, Crime, and Punishment: The Brothers Karamazov Jury Trial", "date": "2017", "keywords": "dmitri; dostoevsky; ibid; karamazov; russia; trial; truth", "summary": "On the other, he expresses ambivalence towards Rus- sia\u2019s movement in the direction of Europeanization, popu- lism, and intellectualism.2 Dostoevsky birthed The Brothers Karamazov in 1880 during this turbulence, just fourteen years after Czar Alexander II instituted a distinctly West- ern judicial system in Russia, which included public hear- ings and jury trials. Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002), 696. 23.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9616", "words": "3247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Black, Sabrina B.", "title": "Writing in a Surveillance State: Otherness in Christa Wolf\u2019s What Remains", "date": "2017", "keywords": "gdr; narrator; stasi; state; surveillance; wolf; writers", "summary": "In this way, the use of otherness in relation to the state reveals the dynamic of apprehension and unease that plagued GDR authors as a result of surveillance, impairing their exercise of moral authority. \u201d26 Life in a surveillance state has caused the narrator \u201cThe use of otherness in relation to the state reveals the dynamic of apprehension and unease that plagued GDR authors as a result of surveillance, impairing their exercise of moral authority.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9617", "words": "3592", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Baranko, Kyle", "title": "Behavioral Economics at Point of Payment and its Implications in Buenos Aires, Hanoi, and Cape Town", "date": "2017", "keywords": "author; economy; government; hanoi; level; payment; security; trust", "summary": "Residents of Buenos Aires, Hanoi, and Cape Town en- gaged in informal commercial transactions have done so out of necessity, not by choice; their plight to make ends meet through personal relationships and informal net- works is not a sign of empowerment but rather marginal- ization by globalization\u2019s potent market and political forc- es. Lack of security services is the defining concern among merchants and consumers conducting commercial trans- actions in the former South African townships.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9623", "words": "1757", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Barnhardt, Carly", "title": "Rethinking Images of Disability through Laura Swanson\u2019s \u201cAnti-Self-Portrait\u201d", "date": "2017", "keywords": "body; disability; garland; swanson", "summary": "Swanson resists traditional images of disability, and in do- ing so, avoids the role of \u201cspectacle\u201d in her own image and reverses the power relations of staring in photography, re- claiming what Garland-Thomson calls \u201cthe social ritual of staring at disability.\u201d11 \u201cSwanson resists traditional images of disability, and in doing so, avoids the role of \u2018spectacle\u2019 in her own image...\u201d 29 Averting the gAze EndnoTEs 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9936", "words": "1048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Wang, Betty", "title": "Masthead and Editor's Note", "date": "2017", "keywords": "article; college; editor; elements; research", "summary": "staff Editor-in-chiEf AnniE Kim mAnAging Editors sydnEy ApplE BEtty (yunqing) WAng dEputy Editors AlEssAndrA luEdEKing AndrEA riccA trEAsurEr JEssicA Bolduc lAyout Xizi (KElsEy) zhAng, Senior Editor ElisE hon, Senior Editor AsAd pAshA, Assistant Editor sEWon (JAson) oh, Editor yAhyA yusuf, Editor humAnitiEs JAcoB ciAfonE, Senior Editor isABEllA doW, Senior Editor JonEssA st. lEWis, Editor sociAl sciEncEs Billy huBschmAn, Senior Editor michEllE KAng, Senior Editor JAcquElinE chiu, Editor nAturAl sciEncEs dAvid fu, Senior Editor JunghWAn Kim, Editor JosEphinE pAndJi, Editor mEdiA & puBlicity rAchEl loos, Senior Editor JuliA BuBEn, Assistant Editor WEB Editors minKi hong, Senior Editor KEvin chEn, Assistant Editor fAculty Advisor JAson cAvAllAri Dear Readers, In light of the current political, social, and cultural turmoil in which many countries around the world find themselves, it has become increasingly im- portant for academic research to posit questions that strive for truth and progress.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9937", "words": "300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-242", "author": "Wang, Betty", "title": "Table of Contents", "date": "2017", "keywords": "contents trial; water", "summary": "Contents TRIAL AND ERROR: THE MALLEABILITY OF TRUTH IN THE CONVICTION OF DMITRI KARAMAZOV Monica Coscia Contrasting truth and justice in Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamzov 11 19 27 31 THE POINT OF PAYMENT: A COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL BEHAVIORS ACROSS REGIONS Kyle Baranko Investigating how informal systems of exchange perpetuate inequality in Buenos Aires, Hanoi, and Cape Town AVERTING THE GAZE: AN ANTI-SELF-PORTRAIT OF THE DISABLED FEMALE BODY Carly Barnhardt Reimagining traditional representations of disability in Laura Swanson's Peggy Lee BRAIN CIRCULATION: A CASE STUDY OF HIGH-SKILLED IMMIGRATION FROM INDIA Samina Gan, Jordan Mindlin, Patrick Sheerin, Breck Wills Exploring the mutually beneficial nature of the H-1B visa program for both the United States and India 71 65 53 43 A PAGEANT POLITICIZED: THE RISE OF INTERSECTIONAL ACTIVISM IN 1968 Haley Cormier Analyzing how print media contributed to the divide between the Women\u2019s Liberation and Black Nationalism movements of the 1960s CURB THE THIRST: EFFICACY OF BOTTLED WATER BANS IN REDUCING PLASTIC WASTE Elizabeth D'Altrui Analyzing the economic costs and benefits of bottled water consumption as well as policy options to disincentiv- ize plastic use WRITING IN A SURVEILLANCE STATE: OTHERNESS IN CHRISTA WOLF\u2019S WHAT REMAINS Sabrina Black Discussing a totalitarian state's ability to alienate the artist in the context of East Germany THE ROAD TO A CURE: CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW HIV ANTIBODY Zackary Park et al. Elucidating the properties of LL25X to further development of an effective HIV-AIDS Vaccine 91 CONFRONTING CULTURAL IMPERIALISM: LIMITATIONS OF SECULARIZATION AND WESTERN FEMINISM IN THE MUSLIM WORLD Emma Howe Challenging the applicability and universality of the Secularization Thesis AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES LIST OF ARTWORK 105 110 NO COUNTRY FOR OLD MEN: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INCARNATED ELDERLY Caitlin Sullivan Exposing America\u2019s inefficient incarnated elderly 81", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9939", "words": "1847", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Wang, Betty", "title": "Author Biographies and Artwork Credits", "date": "2017", "keywords": "april; college; commons; economics; studies; wikimedia", "summary": "cosT-BeneFiT analysis \u00a9 Curtis-Murphy et al., via The Evans School Review, https://depts.washington.edu/esreview/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2014/07/2014-Ban-the-Bottle.pdf. 57 54 9 an artistiC rePresentation of the arabiC Word for she \u201chiya\u201d \u00a9Mahmoud Tamman, via Behance, https://www.behance.net/MT90.96 university of vermont Per CaPita shiPments of bottled beverages \u00a9Berman et al., via American Journal of Public Health, http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/ AJPH.2015.302593. via Policonomics, http://www.policonomics.com/pigouvian-tax/. PerCentage of various beverages shiPPed to 8 CamPus loCations \u00a9Berman et al., via American Journal of Public Health, http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/ AJPH.2015.302593.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9950", "words": "6369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Lester McSweeney, Maura", "title": "Setting the World Aflame: Divestment, Ethics, and Jesuit Identity at Boston College", "date": "2018", "keywords": "boston; boston college; catholic; college; divestment; fossil; fuel; heights; ibid; universities; university", "summary": "Church Teaching on Climate Change Now that the apostolic constitution of Catholic universities has been laid out, I will examine the papal encyclical Laudato Si\u2019: On Care for Our Common Home and its implications for a university like Boston College. The norms of canon law applicable to Catholic universities and the ethical investment guidelines that were formerly on the Boston College endowment web page are both salient elements of Father Monan\u2019s legacy at Boston College and of his contribution to the Catholic church as an institution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9951", "words": "7248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Shen, Weija Vicky", "title": "Oppression and Suppression: The Lingering Controversy Surrounding the Meaning of the Battle of Okinawa in Japanese Memory", "date": "2018", "keywords": "asia; battle; history; identity; issue; japan; japanese; journal; medoruma; memories; memory; new; okinawa; ota; pacific; peace; war", "summary": "Kyle Ikeda, Okinawa War memory: transgenerational trauma and the war fiction of Medoruma Shun, Routledge, (Abingdon and New York, 2014), 1-3. 39. By looking specifically at the making of an \u201cOkinawa Spirit\u201d in the Corner Stone of Peace, this chapter hopes to present the conflicting nature of Okinawa war memory\u2014hence, Okinawa identity\u2014through an analysis of Okinawa writer Medoruma Shun\u2019s Droplet in the context of the 90s \u201cmemory boom\u201d and its repercussions in the post-memory revisionist era.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9954", "words": "2846", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Casey, Myles Francis", "title": "Consciousness in Re-Presentation: Towards a Cross-Textual Definition of \u201cDiff\u00e9rance\u201d", "date": "2018", "keywords": "consciousness; derrida; diff\u00e9rance; levinas; presence", "summary": "diff\u00e9rance and the authority of pres- ence Most famously presented in his aforementioned essay, \u201cDiff\u00e9rance\u201d (1968), Derrida\u2019s articulation of diff\u00e9rance is ubiquitous throughout the large cannon of work that he produced over the course of his academic career. This shorT piece aTTempTs To offer a parTial eluciDaTion on some key Themes of Jacques DerriDa\u2019s 1968 essay, \u201cDiff\u00e9rance.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9955", "words": "5546", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Stone, Lindsay", "title": "Food for Thought: How Food and Economics Intersect in Rural Ecuador", "date": "2018", "keywords": "camacho; country; diet; ecuador; food; levels; malnutrition; population; rural; sierra; weismantel", "summary": "The availability of both new foodstuffs and new socioeco- nomic hierarchies, which were established after the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, also led to a decreased con- sumption of many traditional foods. Ultimately, as a result of socioeconomic influences and Ecuador\u2019s history of colonization, repression, and class- stratification, food in Ecuadorian society can be seen to function in a semiotic manner, endowed with meaning according to cultural signification and its dissimilarity from other foods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9956", "words": "5503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Morales, Luis A", "title": "New England Watersheds: A Data Driven Portrait of Water Pollution in the North Eastern United States", "date": "2018", "keywords": "chloride; levels; line; r^2; sodium; value; water", "summary": "A line plot of average monthly silica levels in Hubbard Brook stream water from WS6. Its original purpose was studying the effects of acid rain on stream waters and their surrounding terrestrial environ- ments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9957", "words": "5387", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Noonan, Regina Theresa", "title": "Gendered Terrorism: The Link Between Sex and Organized Violence", "date": "2018", "keywords": "gender; ibid; madrassas; masculinity; men; pakistan; radicalization; society; taliban; terrorism; women", "summary": "ScholarS cite religion, foreign occupation, economic deStitution, and lack of opportunity aS reaSonS for terroriSm, but gender and maSculinity are nearly abSent from the converSation. examining the taliban in pakiStan and afghaniStan and the proviSional iriSh republican army (pira) in northern ireland demonStrateS how maSculinity eStabliSheS the phySical SpaceS that radicalize men and exclude women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9962", "words": "3600", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Pressman, Fisher Wallace", "title": "The Art of Citizenship: Roman Cultural Identity in Cicero\u2019s Pro Archia Poeta", "date": "2018", "keywords": "archia; artes; cicero; citizenship; humanitas; identity; literature; poeta; pro; roman", "summary": "While this does not necessarily detract from his overall dis- cussion on what makes someone culturally Roman, one must consider the type of person Cicero believed capable of being Roman. In the beginning of the oration, Cicero focuses on cultural and literary pursuits to broaden Roman cultural identity and emphasizes the bonds between the artes and humanitas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "elements-9965", "words": "4683", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Field, Isabella", "title": "Reading Between the Bars: Brain Science Suggests New Considerations for the Legal System", "date": "2018", "keywords": "april; behavior; brain; empathy; individuals; justice; people; society; system", "summary": "Even in situations where a defendant on trial appears irrefutably guilty, society should still be responsible for routinely examining biological and/or environmental factors that may have contributed to predisposition to criminal behavior. This experimental evidence suggests that people who display characteristics associated with an- tisocial personality disorder have an increased risk for criminal behavior, possibly due to their lack of empathy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}]