Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 252 Avoiding Plagiarism of Students' Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser Tira Nur Fitria * Institut Teknologi Bisnis AAS Indonesia, Sukoharjo, Indonesia *tiranurfitria@gmail.com ARTICLE HISTORY Received : 21 April 2022 Revised : 26 September 2022 Accepted : 23 October 2022 KEYWORDS Paraphrasing Plagiarism QuillBot QuillBot Rephraser Scientific Writing ABSTRACT This research reviews the use of QuillBot to paraphrase the students' scientific writing in avoiding plagiarism. This research is descriptive qualitative. Observation is used as the main instrument to collect data. The data uses the app of QuillBot as an object of research. The analysis data use three ways of qualitative analysis, namely reducing data, displaying data, and conclusions. The analysis shows that several ways QuillBot in paraphrasing includes changing the word/phrase/ clause order, using synonyms, changing the sentence structure from active to passive voice, and vice versa, also separating the information into separate sentences. QuillBot Premium contains different modes of paraphrasing depending on writing needs, such as Standard, Fluency, Formal, Simple, Creative, Expand, and Shorten. Standard mode rewrites text reliably to maintain meaning, Fluency mode sure text is readable and free of errors; Formal mode presents the text in a more sophisticated and professional way; Simple mode makes writing more readable and accessible; Creative mode presents the text in a way most people can understand; Expand mode adds more detail and depth to increase sentence length; and Shorten mode strips away extra words to provide a clear message. QuillBot can be used by students to rewrite any writings or as an alternative tool when they cannot paraphrase manually. However, the site is a product of technology. Of course, human intelligence remains the main. Students need to understand in-depth and re-check their writing to get better or higher-quality paraphrasing. 1. Introduction It is undeniable that technological developments have made it easier to access information without the barriers of space and time. Wherever, whenever we can obtain the information needed, including obtaining references in writing scientific papers. However, this convenience has not been accompanied by good literacy awareness. The ethics of copy-pasting or citing sources of information has not become a matter of concern in academic culture. As a result, not a few are careless in doing copy-paste, especially those from the internet. Copy-paste culture seems to have become an open secret among students (Widodo et al., 2020). They also add that most difficulties faced by students in writing are difficulties in finding references and not knowing writing techniques. With easy access to information, it is not difficult to get material or references to complete academic assignments/writings. Writing takes time. In addition, writing requires the ability to compose sentences in English. Most students will get assignments to write scientific papers such as papers, final assignments, or theses. Whether the students are writing a scientific article or a personal essay, they may require assistance in rephrasing their subject or expressing themselves differently. They could do this manually to achieve a higher standard of quality, but if they are pressed for time, a paraphrasing tool can assist them. Not only can paraphrasing tools assist us in improving our overall writing tone and avoiding repetition, but they also assist us in avoiding plagiarism, which is especially important if we want to utilize the same content online. Writing is one of the English language competencies that must be possessed by students. Many people may judge writing English as a "challenge". Writing is a component of language that is inextricably linked to other components of language writing. This element conveys the author's ideas in conveying facts through his works or the mass media. A writer must understand how to choose an organized language, paraphrase, and vocabulary during the writing process. This suggests that writing is a skill that demands the use of all of one's abilities. Compilation of concepts to be delivered to the reader. Choosing the appropriate words following the prepared paragraphs. Sentences are required to create coherent material in compilation paragraphs. Then, paragraphs must be regulated by syntax and vocabulary rules, as well as mastery of proper diction. Additionally, a paragraph must be produced with the expression of thoughts generated by the author's creativity and creation. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 253 Writing English utilizing the paraphrasing technique is an alternative method of expressing the same topic using the students' words. Apart from making concepts more understandable, paraphrasing can also be utilized to retain the cohesion and coherence of their writing's flow. One of the difficulties encountered by students when writing or composing writings in English is plagiarism or the inability to rewrite the materials in their own words (Fitria, 2021). As a result, students should be familiar with proper paraphrasing techniques to prevent these difficulties. Paraphrasing is a technique for conveying an idea or notion in another language without diluting or exaggerating the original material. Paraphrasing is utilized in a variety of different genres of writing, from essays, paragraphs, articles, journals, and news, to several other types of literature. In writing, paraphrasing is used in place of quoting. Additionally, the objective of paraphrasing is to avoid the danger of plagiarism, particularly in texts that incorporate a large number of reference materials. As a result, students can use QuillBot in place of paraphrasing text. In a writing, a scientific work, citing is very important because the thesis is a scientific work and should not be plagiarized. That's why they have to learn the correct way of citing so that later when quoting from literature review sources or other sources it is correct and not confusing. In scientific works, quotations have ethics and guidelines in including other people's ideas, ideas, and/or theories in a scientific paper that we compose. This needs to be done to avoid cheating authors in the form of plagiarism that often occurs. Paraphrasing is an important skill for students to learn since it allows them to gather information from a variety of sources and present it in their own words, rather than relying on multiple and long direct quotes (Brown et al., 1993). Students usually write scientific writings as a part of assignments in their studies. The purpose of scientific work is to solve the problem of an existing problem. The scientific work must contain data, facts, and solutions regarding the problems raised. So, when making scientific papers, students must obey the important parts of the rules of writing scientific papers, such as using formal, standard language, according to theory, and facts in the field. Several types of popular scientific writings include papers, theses, reports, and dissertations. They also need to know the correct citations and systematics. In the world of writing, the authenticity of the manuscript is very important. This will affect the originality of an article, whether it is our work or plagiarism from other people's work. This usually happens because writing cannot be separated from quotations from other people's ideas, ideas, and/or theories that have been published in advance to support the opinions we build in our writing. One of the legal requirements for a scientific resource is that there is no plagiarism in it, aka the written work is not the result of copy-pasting the work of others. Plagiarism refers to the stealing of other people's ideas or words and using them as our own (Dang et al., 2005; Wong, 2011). This is intellectual theft and is a significant academic infraction. The most prevalent kind of plagiarism is "Copy and Paste". So, students who are working on scientific papers must check their writing. Because as is well known, generally every institution has a certain limit for plagiarism. Bloch (2012) states that plagiarism has become one of the most serious problems in society, especially at the institution. There are many reasons why people plagiarism including being lazy, not having time, being busy, and even wanting to find it easy without the need to rack our brains and sweat. There are many ways to avoid plagiarism. One of them is using paraphrasing or paraphrasing techniques. According to Doe & Tsedryk (2019), paraphrasing ability is important in such academic tasks as essay writing, text editing, or summarizing. Mabbett (2016) states that paraphrasing what somebody else has said is not an exercise in expressing our thought. A paraphrase is a process of taking an idea from another source and reorganizing it using one's own words and style (Arun et al., 2019). As a result, he/she preserves the core of the source text. However, he/she did not replicate the source text's vocabulary or style. Without adequate reference, paraphrasing is also regarded as a kind of plagiarism. If we borrow someone's concept and express it in our own words and manner, we must ensure that we include accurate information about the source in our work. Not only does this provide appropriate information about the original text, but it also retains the source text's concept and meaning. A person's ability to paraphrase enables him or her to avoid plagiarism (Madani & Ardianti, 2021). Paraphrasing activities themselves are often carried out by students who are working on their final project or thesis. Because the thesis is required that every content in it is not subject to plagiarism. Paraphrasing online is one way to paraphrase for free or paid. There are lots of websites that provide free paraphrasing services. However, only a few give good results and are easy to read. Most of the other websites just paraphrase without paying attention to whether the paraphrase results are following the meaning of the initial sentence or not. There are at least two main techniques for paraphrasing. First, changing the sentence structure, start paraphrasing by changing the position of the words in the sentence. Second, change the words used, use synonyms or look for substitute words that have the same meaning. But, the most important thing to do is to understand the sentence to be paraphrased. The trick is to read it in its entirety, not in pieces because this will increase your understanding of the sentence. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 254 Nowadays, the ease of access to internet paraphrase tools allows students to submit work that they did not directly produce and to rework already available content to avoid plagiarism (Rogerson & McCarthy, 2017) Instead of using an automatic paraphrasing site, we can take advantage of a free plagiarism checker website and then manually change the sentences indicated by plagiarism. Many online paraphrasing sites can help us to paraphrase. However, the site is a product of technology. Of course, human intelligence remains the main. So, we still have to re-examine the results of the paraphrase. Prentice & Kinden (2018) state that the free online automatic paraphrase tools mostly depend on synonym replacement without changing the general syntax of the text, resulting in unidiomatic language. One of the paraphrasing tools available on the internet both in free and paid versions. QuillBot is an AI application that makes it very easy for many people to paraphrase. Paraphrasing is the re-expression of an utterance from one level or type of language into another speech without changing the meaning. This is done to avoid plagiarism. This is paraphrasing as a tool to avoid plagiarism (Bairagi & Munot, 2019). It is supported by Lina & Supriyono (2021) that the paraphrasing technique is very important for students and is needed to reduce the percentage of plagiarism check results. Several previous studies have been implemented related to paraphrasing. First, Sunarko (2012) states that the application of the technique of paraphrasing dialogue discourse can improve narrative writing skills in fifth-grade students of SD Negeri Karangpelem Sragen. Second, Juniastuti (2014) states that the application of paraphrasing techniques to drama scripts can improve the ability to write short stories for students of IX D SMP Negeri 5 Amlapura which is marked by an increase in the average score of students' short stories writing. Third, Usman (2015) states that the paraphrasing method can increase the second-grade students, ability in paraphrasing poetry to prose at SMP Al- Ittihat Pekanbaru. Fourth, Waningyun et al. (2018) state that the paraphrasing technique can enhance the skill of writing a short story, with the improvement percentage of the writing skill being 70% for the pre-cycle, and 76% for the first cycle, and 80% for the second cycle. Fifth, Murti (2021) the use of paraphrasing techniques (nggancarake tembang) can be used to improve student learning outcomes in expressing tembang poetry). The previous studies above are similar with this research, such as in using the technique/method of paraphrasing manually. The first research focuses on the paraphrasing dialogue course, the second research focuses on paraphrasing drama script, the third research focuses on paraphrasing poetry, the fourth research focuses on paraphrasing short stories, and the fifth research focuses on paraphrasing Javanese songs or tembang. Meanwhile, this research focuses on using an online paraphrasing tool for the student as an effort to avoid plagiarism in citing or writing scientific papers by using QuillBot Rephraser. Therefore, the objective of this research is to simulate the use of QuillBot Paraphraser in paraphrasing the students' scientific writing avoiding plagiarism. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is a technique used to rewrite a sentence or paragraph in its style but does not change the meaning of the original sentence. It paraphrases word by word with apparent synonyms, but some have different meanings (Williams & Davis, 2017). Ceo-DiFrancesco et al. (2019) state that paraphrasing is stating in our own words the meaning of a text or passage. A paraphrasing tool is a tool that aims to rewrite a certain article and produce text that does not change from the original meaning. This tool is designed to replace specific words, phrases, sentences, and even entire paragraphs with alternative versions of the content without changing the overall meaning of the text. The purpose of this tool is to produce an updated version of the previous post and be free from the elements of plagiarism. It is not an easy thing to paraphrase a sentence into a new sentence that has a similar purpose. Various efforts in changing vocabulary are needed so that the objectives of the previous statement can be achieved and avoid plagiarism. Many aspects need to be learned before being proficient in paraphrasing a sentence, ranging from insight into language, understanding language, and understanding the statement itself. 2.2 QuillBot Paraphraser QuillBot is a paraphrasing and summarizing tool that enables millions of students and professionals to significantly reduce their writing time by rewriting any sentence, paragraph, or article using state-of-the-art artificial intelligence. This tool has advantages such as 1) saving time during writing. QuillBot's paraphrase tool utilizes cutting-edge artificial intelligence to rewrite a sentence, paragraph, or article. QuillBot can rapidly enhance our writing by removing superfluous words and assisting users in delivering a coherent message. 2) finding the appropriate synonym. QuillBot assists users in finding the correct word every time by including a built-in thesaurus feature that allows for easy substitution of particular words. 3) increasing meaning and clarity. QuillBot's writing styles enable users to express themselves freely. Whether they require grammar fixes, brevity, or inventiveness, you will receive the results they require immediately. 4) enhancing vocabulary. QuillBot's Synonym Slider enables users to immediately edit more (or less) of their text. 5) embedding in our workflow. QuillBot is fully integrated with Microsoft® Office, Google Docs, and https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 255 Chrome. 6) having millions of users' trust. Students, authors, bloggers, and business executives worldwide rely on QuillBot. Join the over 50 million people who use QuillBot to write better, quicker, and more clearly. Premium QuillBot. QuillBot Premium adds even more functions to assist in making writing easier. Without a character restriction, access to five extra paraphrase types (Standard, Fluency, Formal, Simple, Creative, Expand, and Shorten), and the ability to use the highest level on the Synonym Slider, we will save time and quickly enhance our work. QuillBot possesses three tools: 1) The Rephraser: This tool rephrases our sentences and provides options for synonyms and rephrasing. 2) The Summarizer: This tool condenses your text by rephrasing it. Essentially, it assists us in eliminating non-essential stuff from the message we wish to portray. 3) The Grammar Checker: This tool ensures that our work is free of grammatical errors. QuillBot Premium contains different modes we can use depending on our writing needs. These include: Standard, Formal, Fluency, Creative and Creative+, Formal, Shorten, and Expand. 1) Standard mode rewrites text reliably to maintain meaning. 2) Fluency mode makes the fewest modifications to your writing, resulting in a more natural and grammatically accurate language. Furthermore, the Word Flipper setting will be kept as low as possible in this Fluency option. It ensures text is readable and free of errors. 3) Formal mode related to writing in a corporate or academic environment, this mode is ideal. This mode modifies our writing to suit our formal audience. It presents the text in a more sophisticated and professional way. 4) Simple mode makes our writing more readable and accessible. Creative. This mode causes the most significant alterations to the text, resulting in an altogether new appearance and tone. It presents the text in a way most people can understand. 5) Creative mode focuses on making as many modifications to the text as possible to produce text that is different from the original. It expresses ideas in a completely new way that may change the meaning. While Creative+ is an improved version of Creative Mode AI that makes modifications more intuitive and better understand certain things like phrases and frequent speeches. 6) Expand mode related to the system dubbed “Extend Mode.” This mode tries to insert as many words as possible into the text to increase the word count. It adds more detail and depth to increase sentence length. 7) Shorten mode shortens the length of our content, this mode will come in handy because “Short Mode” will shorten our content without affecting its meaning. It strips away extra words to provide a clear message. 3. Method As this study deals with data that are in the form of words or pictures or other visuals and artifacts rather than numbers and statistics, it takes on a qualitative nature (Ary et al., 2018), although it is primarily descriptive and focused on reviewing the application’s usage. Process and meaning (subject perspective) are utilised to make a description of the use of an online paraphrasing tool QuillBot. The researcher aims to simulate the use of QuillBot in paraphrasing English writing to avoid plagiarism. In this paper, the collection method uses observation. Phillips & Stawarski (2016) states that one of the methods available for capturing qualitative data. Observation is an activity of observing an object directly and in detail to obtain correct information regarding the object. The data uses the app of QuillBot as an object of research. This researcher observes the app of QuillBot in paraphrasing scientific writing. In this research, the researcher observes the simulation of an online paraphrasing tool QuillBot in rephrasing the writing. In this research, the researcher took some sentences (about the definition of paraphrasing from several sources from the books to be paraphrased. There are several definitions of paraphrasing from Wette (2020), Hogan (2012), Harris (2017), and Hathaway (2016). The researcher simulates the use of QuillBot Paraphraser to paraphrase the definitions of paraphrasing theory. In this research, the analysis data use three ways of qualitative analysis, they are reducing data, displaying data, and conclusions (Miles et al., 2013; Miles & Huberman, 1994). In data reduction, data obtained from the field through observation is reduced by summarizing, selecting, and focusing the data on appropriate matters. The researcher only limits the sentences and uses several sentences related to the paraphrasing theory from several sourcebooks. The presentation of the data is done after it has been reduced or summarized. The data obtained from the observations were analyzed and then presented in the form of images. The researcher displays the result of paraphrasing sentences by using QuillBot Paraphraser in the form of a table to make it easier to be analyzed. The researcher also categorizes each result of paraphrasing from a different mode of QuillBot such as Standard, Fluency, Simple, Creative, Expand, and Shorten mode to know the similarity and difference result in each mode. In the last step, the researcher makes conclusions that are supported by strong evidence at the data display stage. 4. Results The objective of this research is to simulate the use of QuillBot Paraphraser in paraphrasing the students' scientific writing avoiding plagiarism. Below, is the view of the QuillBot Premium version as seen as follows: https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 256 Figure 1. View of QuillBot Premium Version We can open the browser, then in the search field type https://QuillBot.com/. In the application, several options will appear, for example, Paraphraser, Grammar Checker, Plagiarism Checker, Co-Writer, Summarizer, and Citation Generator. We can choose "Paraphraser". We can choose Standard, Fluency, Simple, Creative, Expand, and Shorten modes. Copy or write the sentence or paragraph that we will paraphrase. Then wait until the sentence paraphrasing process is complete, usually, this process takes less than 1 minute. The underlined sentence is a sentence that has been paraphrased from the previous sentence, Click the Copy icon to start copying the sentence that has been successfully paraphrased. If we still feel that we are not satisfied with the results of sentences that have been paraphrased, we can click on one of the vocabularies words from the collection of sentences until several options are provided and of course, are synonyms with that vocabulary. Below is the simulation of using QuillBot Paraphraser in rephrasing or paraphrasing the texts as seen in the following examples in tables. Data 1. The sentence “Paraphrasing is a reference by taking the main idea from a source, although different sentence structures are still required to mention the source of reference (Wette, 2020). If this sentence is paraphrased, it can be seen below: Table 1. 1st Example of Paraphrased Sentence Using QuillBot Paraphraser Original Text Paraphrasing is a reference by taking the main idea from a source, although different sentence structures are still required to mention the source of reference. QuillBot Mode Standard Although distinct sentence patterns are still necessary to specify the source of reference, paraphrasing is a reference that takes the primary concept from a source. Fluency Although different sentence patterns are necessary to specify the source of reference, paraphrasing is a reference by extracting the primary concept from a source. Formal Although distinct phrase patterns are necessary to indicate the source of reference, paraphrasing is a reference that takes the primary concept from a source. Simple There are still rules about how to say who the source is, but the main idea is still taken from the source when paraphrasing. Creative When a source's primary concept is taken from another source and rephrased, the source is still referenced, but in a new sentence form. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 https://quillbot.com/ Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 257 Expand Even if distinct sentence patterns are necessary to mention the source of reference, paraphrasing is still considered a kind of reference since it takes the primary concept from a text. Shorten Paraphrasing is a reference that takes the primary concept from a source and changes the sentence form to indicate the source. Based on the 1st sentence above, it shows that an original text is rephrased/paraphrased by QuillBot by using several modes including Standard, Formal, Fluency, Creative and Creative+, Formal, Shorten, and Expand. The original text is written, “Paraphrasing is a reference by taking the main idea from a source, although different sentence structures are still required to mention the source of reference”. It is rephrased into Standard, Fluency, and Formal mode. These modes have a similarity to paraphrasing techniques. There is changing the word, phrase, or clause order. The original sentences which consist of dependent clause (Subject + Verb) + independent clause (signed by the conjunction “although” + Subject Verb) changed the order into Independent clause (signed by the conjunction “although” + Subject Verb) + dependent clause (Subject + Verb). Standard mode reliably rewrites text to maintain meaning, fluency mode ensures text is readable and free of errors, and formal mode presents the text in a more sophisticated and professional way. Besides, Standard, Formal, Fluency, and Simple Modes also have similarities in using synonym words as in the original text, the word “mention” is changed to “specify”, “indicate” and “say” with similar meanings. The simple mode makes the writing more readable and accessible. Creative mode presents the text in a way most people can understand. Creative mode expresses ideas in a completely new way that may change the meaning. Expand mode adds more detail and depth to increase sentence length. While in Shorten mode strips away extra words to provide a clear message. These modes of Simple, Creative, Expand, and Shorten paraphrasing use the technique of using word synonyms (words or phrases that have the same meaning) and changing the sentence structure from active to passive voice and vice versa. Data 2. The sentence “Paraphrasing can be interpreted that paraphrasing is a form of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement by using a simpler diction without changing the meaning of the language” (Hogan, 2012). If this sentence is paraphrased, it can be seen below: Table 2. 2nd Example of Paraphrased Sentence Using QuillBot Paraphraser Original Text Paraphrasing can be interpreted that paraphrasing is a form of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement by using a simpler diction without changing the meaning of the language. QuillBot Mode Standard Paraphrasing may be defined as a method of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement in a simpler manner without compromising the meaning of the language. Fluency Paraphrasing may be defined as the process of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement using a simpler diction without affecting the sense of the language. Formal Paraphrasing can be defined as the process of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement in a simpler diction without altering the sense of the language. Simple There are many ways to say that paraphrasing is a way to say the same thing in a different way without changing the meaning of the language. Creative Simply put, paraphrase may be defined as restarting a sentence or a remark in a simpler diction while maintaining the original content. Expand It is possible to consider paraphrase as a type of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement by employing a simpler diction without altering the meaning of the language used to make the declaration or statement. Shorten Paraphrasing is a way of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement using simpler language without affecting the meaning. Based on the 2nd sentence above, shows that an original text is rephrased/paraphrased by QuillBot by using several modes including Standard, Formal, Fluency, Creative and Creative+, Formal, Shorten, and Expand. The original text is written, “It can be interpreted that paraphrasing is a form of restating a grammar, sentence, or statement by using a simpler diction without changing the meaning of the language”. It is rephrased into Standard, Fluency, and Formal mode. These modes have similarities to paraphrasing techniques. There is changing the word, phrase, or clause order. The original sentences which consist of dependent clause (Subject + Verb) + independent clause (signed by the conjunction “that” + Subject Verb) is changed the order into Independent clause (signed by the https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 258 conjunction “that” + Subject Verb) + dependent clause (Subject + Verb). in Standard, Fluency Modes also have similarities in using synonym words in the original text, the word “can be” is changed to be “maybe” as a similar meaning, but in Formal mode, the word “can be” is still the same with the original sentence. It remains not rephrased. The simple mode makes the writing more readable and accessible. Creative mode presents the text in a way most people can understand. Creative mode expresses ideas in a completely new way that may change the meaning. Expand mode adds more detail and depth to increase sentence length. While in Shorten mode strips away extra words to provide a clear message. Data 3. The sentence “The purpose of paraphrasing is to prevent the author from plagiarism. In addition, it makes ideas easier for readers to understand (Harris, 2017). If this sentence is paraphrased, it can be seen below: Table 3. 3rd Example of Paraphrased Sentence Using QuillBot Paraphraser Original Text The purpose of paraphrasing is to prevent the author from plagiarism. In addition, it makes ideas easier for readers to understand. QuillBot Mode Standard The goal of paraphrasing is to keep the author from plagiarizing his or her work. It also makes it easier for readers to comprehend ideas. Fluency The goal of paraphrasing is to keep the author from plagiarizing. Furthermore, it facilitates the comprehension of concepts by readers. Formal Paraphrasing is used to protect the author against plagiarism. Additionally, it simplifies the comprehension of ideas for readers. Simple The goal of paraphrasing is to keep the author from plagiarizing. As a benefit, this makes it easier for people to understand what you are saying. Creative Paraphrasing serves to protect the author from being accused of plagiarism. Additionally, it aids in the comprehension of concepts by the audience. Expand The goal of paraphrasing is to keep the author from being accused of plagiarism. This further facilitates reader comprehension by simplifying topics for them. Shorten Paraphrasing is used to avoid plagiarism. It also helps readers grasp ideas. Based on the 3rd sentence above, shows that an original text is rephrased/paraphrased by QuillBot by using several modes including Standard, Formal, Fluency, Creative and Creative+, Formal, Shorten, and Expand. The original text is written, “The purpose of paraphrasing is to prevent the author from plagiarism. In addition, it makes ideas easier for readers to understand”. Standard, Fluency, and Simple Modes also have similarities in using synonym words such as in the original text, the word “purpose” is rephrased into “goal” to show a similar meaning. The simple mode makes the writing more readable and accessible. In the next example, the word “in addition” is rephrased differently in Fluency, Formal, Simple, Expand Mode into “furthermore, additionally, as a benefit, this further”, but the word “in addition” is rephrased similarly to be “it also” in Standard and Shorten mode. Creative mode presents the text in a way most people can understand. Creative mode expresses ideas in a completely new way that may change the meaning. Expand mode adds more detail and depth to increase sentence length. While in Shorten mode strips away extra words to provide a clear message. Data 4. The sentence “Paraphrasing is an effort to simplify writing to make it simpler and easier for readers to source information in easy language so that it can be understood by many people (Hathaway, 2016). If this sentence is paraphrased, it can be seen below: Table 4. 4th Example of Paraphrased Sentence Using QuillBot Paraphraser Original Text Paraphrasing is an effort to simplify writing to make it simpler and easier for readers to source information in easy language so that it can be understood by many people. Standard Paraphrasing is an attempt to simplify writing in order to make it easier for readers to find information in plain language that can be comprehended by a wide range of individuals. Fluency Paraphrasing is an attempt to simplify writing in order to make it simpler and easier for readers to obtain information in plain language that many people can understand. Formal Paraphrasing is an attempt to simplify writing in order to make it simpler and easier for readers https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 259 QuillBot Mode to obtain information in plain language that is understandable to a wide audience. Simple Paraphrasing is a way for people to make writing easier for people to read and make it easier for them to get information in a way that can be understood by many people. Creative To simplify writing, paraphrasing is used to convey information in a way that is understandable to a wider audience. Expand When you paraphrase, you are making an effort to reduce your work so that it is simpler and easier for readers to understand. You are also attempting to source information in simple language so that it can be comprehended by many individuals. Shorten Paraphrasing is an effort to simplify text so that it may be understood by many people. Based on the 1st sentence above, it shows that an original text is rephrased/paraphrased by QuillBot by using several modes including Standard, Formal, Fluency, Creative and Creative+, Formal, Shorten, and Expand. The original text is written, “Paraphrasing is an effort to simplify writing to make it simpler and easier for readers to source information in easy language so that it can be understood by many people”. It is rephrased into Standard and Simple mode. These modes use the paraphrasing technique of using word synonyms (words or phrases that have the same meaning). For example, in the original text “can be understood” is rephrased into “can be comprehended”. The original sentence is rephrased into Fluency and Formal mode. These modes use the paraphrasing technique of changing the sentence structure from active to passive voice and vice versa. For example, in the original text “can be understood” is rephrased into “can understand” and “is understandable”. Standard mode reliably rewrites text to maintain meaning, fluency mode ensures text is readable and free of errors, and formal mode presents the text in a more sophisticated and professional way. Besides, Standard, Formal, Fluency, and Simple Modes also have similarities in using a synonym word such as in the original text, the word “find” is changed to be “obtain” and “get” as similar meanings. The simple mode makes the writing more readable and accessible, the Creative mode presents the text in a way most people can understand, Expand mode adds more detail and depth to increase sentence length. While in Shorten mode strips away extra words to provide a clear message. 5. Discussion QuillBot is a free online paraphrasing tool that offers five modes of fluency, standard, suggestive, creative, and consistent for creating new text. For instance, we may wish to improve the material by adding additional synonyms to spice it up a bit and make it more distinctive. Rather than repeating the same words throughout our writing, QuillBot will automatically substitute new terms and rephrase some sentences. Additionally, it will provide us with extra paraphrase suggestions that are not included automatically but may be added with the press of a button. The best feature of this tool is that it paraphrases the sequence of sentences along with the words. The benefit of paraphrasing text in writing is avoiding plagiarism. Plagiarism is the transfer of part or all of the text without mentioning the main source. Paraphrasing reduces long sentences. We do not copy all the text in the paragraphs, just the main idea according to the context of the scientific work being made. Paragraphs are hard to reach and become easy to digest. Rewriting, summarizing, and abbreviating the text make our writing easy for readers to read. According to Adams & Chuah (2022), studies examine QuillBot’s effectiveness and usefulness for writers and researchers. Based on findings, this research result is in line with Fitria (2021) that writing English by using the paraphrasing technique is an alternative that uses the students’ words to express the same idea. Besides, in making ideas easier to understand, paraphrasing can also be used to maintain coherence and coherence in the flow of their writing. Teaching students how to paraphrase is a difficult undertaking, not just for the students but also for the teachers. It is an additional degree of difficulty, beyond the knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and even writing (Inayah & Sulistyaningrum, 2021). Therefore, they should adapt and enhance their teaching and learning practices to eliminate linguistic obstacles. In addition, students typically have a lower level of English understanding than other students because they engage in more practical activities than theoretical ones. It is supported by Lawelai et al. (2022) that a student must have strong paraphrasing ability. However, students have not studied the paraphrasing approach right. This talent can be developed by using free or paid internet applications. The issue of plagiarism and the writing challenges of EFL students looked to be a challenge for teachers. Diverse initiatives to enhance students' ability to produce quality writing remain interesting to the present day (Ariyanti & Anam, 2021). It is considered that a solution should be offered to assist students in strengthening their writing skills through paraphrasing. Nisa et al. (2022) also support that paraphrasing must be done in writing scientific papers to avoid plagiarism. So, this is important for all students. The availability of paraphrasing tools might be an excellent option for EFL students in writing classes. These technologies facilitate the process of teaching and learning English as a second language for both teachers and students. QuillBot may be a very functional tool, but it also has some drawbacks. Sometimes the resulting sentences are not as expected, not even following the rules of language, https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 260 punctuation, and good spelling. So we need to correct the grammar, punctuation, and spelling of the paraphrased result ourselves When your draft is finished and we have worked out all of the kinks in our material, use our new Grammar Checker to swiftly and effortlessly polish our written work. QuillBot will analyze our work and notify us of any issues in grammar, spelling, punctuation, word misuse, and more with a single click, allowing us to simply understand what's wrong and change it quickly. Based on the analysis, there are several advantages of QuillBot. Quillbot is automatically removing, adding, and modifying words to create new paraphrased content. QuillBot paraphrasing online and creating unique content, of good quality and value. QuillBot generating paraphrases results in less than a minute. QuillBot has a 'quill' option, which eliminates the need to enter a captcha every time you have to reorder content. This helps in saving a lot of time and repeated efforts. QuillBot uses native AI to drive the paraphrasing process. So we can paraphrase articles at the sentence or paragraph level. However, the weakness of QuillBot is that it only provides paraphrasing services in English, so for those of us who want to paraphrase in Indonesian, users cannot use this online paraphrasing application. There are several ways QuillBot Paraphraser in paraphrasing the texts: First, starting the first sentence is different from the original sentence. Important information can be listed in very different order. Second, changing the word, phrase, or clause order, Third, selecting words according to synonyms (words or phrases that have the same meaning). Fourth, changing the sentence structure. We can do it if the original sentence uses active voice, and change it to passive. An active sentence is when the sentence is preceded by the subject (the thing that acts). When the object (a thing that receives the action) is at the beginning of the sentence, the sentence is written in a passive voice. Fifth separating the information into separate sentences. In this case, one long sentence is split into two. It could also be the other way around, i.e. if the original quote consisted of two sentences, we might be able to combine the information into one. Besides using QuillBot Paraphraser, users (students) also can paraphrase manually (Fitria, 2021). We first read a sentence that we want to paraphrase and then write it with a new sentence without changing the meaning. This method is indeed very good, but manual paraphrasing is not an easy matter, because sometimes we will find dead ends and a large number of pages is also very draining. Therefore, many people hire paraphrasing services because they don't want to bother. In addition to using paraphrasing services, you can also take advantage of online paraphrasing applications. According to Fitria (2021), there are various methods for manually paraphrasing, such as: 1. Rephrasing sing equations or synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same or a similar meaning. For example, in Indonesian, the terms and can have the same meaning yet are two distinct words. It is possible to modify the meaning of a phrase by changing a few words. This is the simplest technique of paraphrasing. The critical point to remember is to choose the appropriate synonyms since two words may appear to have similar meanings but are quite different. When paraphrasing, certain vocabulary must be changed, but not all. 2. Rephrasing sentences by rearranging the words. When rearranging words such that the phrase continues to fulfill the applicable criteria, occasional additions or deletions of words are necessary. The simplest technique to alter the word order of a complex phrase is to rearrange the clauses. Additionally, paraphrasing can be a mix of rearranging the order of the words in a statement and combining word equations or synonyms. 3. Rephrasing by altering the word's form. The form of the word referred to in this section refers to the word's kind, such as verb, adjective, or adverb. To maintain the sentence's meaning while adhering to grammatical standards, more words may need to be modified, added, or eliminated. 4. Rephrasing by using active or passive sentences. Sentences with subjects, verbs, and objects can be converted to active or passive sentences or vice versa. Both teachers and students can try it themselves to see how the paraphrasing results generated by the website. In addition, quillbot.com has also been equipped with an AI program that makes paraphrasing results more readable and able to summarize sentences and is able to change the structure of deductive sentences to inductive ones and vice versa without changing the meaning of the sentence. 6. Conclusion QuillBot Paraphraser has two main modes of paraphrasing: 1) retaining the meaning of the original sentence while only changing certain words, and 2) changing the word order so the sentences sound more natural. QuillBot is one type of online paraphrasing which consists of free and paid (premium) versions. However, the accuracy of paraphrasing results may still have shortcomings and weaknesses, so sometimes it can produce sentences that are meaningless or difficult to understand. Therefore, the writing must still be read and understood in- depth, then rewritten in their own words. Paraphrasing manually can also be considered and carried out by students or with the help of human assistance. However, the site is a product of technology. Of course, human intelligence remains the main, so we still have to re-examine the results of the paraphrase. Using a paraphrasing website also is not entirely effective because, sometimes there are words that https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies ISSN (Online) 2684-9224, ISSN (Print): 2684-7620 Vol. 4, No. 3, October 2022, pp. 252-262 https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v4i2.9917 How to cite this article: Fitria, T. N. (2022). Avoiding Plagiarism of Students’ Scientific Writing by Using the QuillBot Paraphraser. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3). 261 are changed and produce meaningless sentences to get the best results, paraphrasing it manually is another option for paraphrasing. It is hoped that this example of paraphrasing results, can be used as teaching material for teaching students or as a reference for students themselves so that they can use the application to avoid plagiarism. So, later on, students can try paraphrasing, for example, paraphrasing a theoretical definition from several books/reading sources. 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