Putri Anggraeni, et al / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 18 ELT FORUM 6 (1) (2017) Journal of English Language Teaching http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/elt AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH PHRASAL VERB TRANSLATION IN TOTTO-CHAN NOVEL: THE LITTLE GIRL AT THE WINDOW Dwi Indah Mutiara S., Ahmad Sofwan, Pasca Kalisa  English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info ________________ Article History: Received in June 2017 Approved in July 2017 Published in August 2017 ________________ Keywords: phrasal verbs, translation strategy, translation quality ____________________ Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ This study is attempted to focus on phrasal verb translation of an English novel Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window to its Indonesia version entitled Totto-chan: Gadis Cilik di Jendela. The objectives of the study are: (1) to describe the strategies used in translating phrasal verb in the Totto-chan novel (2) to describe the quality of phrasal verb translation in the Totto-chan novel. In conducting this research, descriptive qualitative approach is used. The presentation of discussion is presented in a descriptive way. The data are analyzed by finding the phrasal verbs in the source language and in the target language. The translation strategies are analyzed based on Mona Baker’s theory. Meanwhile, the researcher uses Nababan’s theory to identify the translation quality of the phrasal verbs. The result of the study shows that (1) there are 35 data translated using idiom of similar meaning and form, 155 phrasal verbs translated using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, 5 phrasal verbs translated by paraphrase and 5 phrasal verbs are translated by omission; it shows that the most strategy used is using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form (2) the accuracy level of this novel’s phrasal verb translation is 80,67 % which indicates that the translation is accurate, the acceptability level is 83,17 % which shows us the translation is acceptable and the readability level which is 92,33 % which proves that the translation of this novel is highly readable. © 2017 Universitas Negeri Semarang  Correspondent Address: ISSN 2252-6706 B3 Building FBS Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: unnes_english@yahoo.com D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 19 INTRODUCTION Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Hornby (2000) states that translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language. One of the most prominent definitions of translation is stated by Newmark (1988). He defines that translation is a process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. On the other hand, Nida and Taber (1974) state that translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. From the definition mentioned, it is found that translation is a process which is intended to find meaning equivalence in the target language. Courtney (1989) defines that idiomatic expression of phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition or adverb that creates a meaning different from its original. For example, the phrase look after that has meaning take care of someone or something the total meaning of look after is different from the meaning of the look and after. From many perspectives above, we know that translation is the transfer of the message or language from the source language into the target language and acceptable in its meaning with regard equivalence. Idiomatic phrasal verb is one of the problematic factors in translating a novel. Nevertheless, few studies conducted to discuss these problems. Some of them discussed the content of the novel such as cultural terms (Aziz, 2014), review of the story (Hartanto, 2012) etc. However, research on other issues also developed. For instance, the research about translation has been conducted by several researchers but they only focus on what the translation method used in translating a novel (Candra, 2016). Since few studies have been done in dealing with translation problem especially for phrasal verb, this research is conducted to discuss translation of phrasal verb briefly. Dealing with the problems above, the objectives of the study is to find out the strategy used to translate phrasal verbs as well as identify the quality of phrasal verbs translation. To support this study, the researcher finds some previous studies dealing with translation strategy and quality. Straksiene (2009) has conducted an analysis of idiom translation strategies. In this article the translation of English idioms into Lithuanian and difficulties that translator meets were analyzed. The analysis has showed that Kirvaityt’s translation of idioms involved four basic translation strategies: paraphrasing, which involves explanatory and stylistic paraphrase, idiom to idiom translation, which involves using idiom of similar meaning and form and using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, literal translation and omission. Another is a research about accuracy, clarity, and naturalness in the translation of phrasal verbs by Susilawati (2011). The results of Susilawati’s research shows that the accuracy and the clarity of the phrasal verbs is above average or good while the naturalness is below average or poor. In her research described the accuracy, clarity and naturalness are the important features that should be possessed by the translation in order to be a good translation. The difference between this research and Ratna Susilawati’s research is the theory, corpus and focused of the research. METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH The research design is meant to set up an effective direction in conducting the research. This research uses descriptive method in which the researcher collects and analyzes the data, then draws conclusion based on the data analysis. The data are in the form of phrasal verbs and its drawing analysis. After all data collected, they will be analyzed by finding the use of phrasal verbs on the source text. In addition, the researcher asks three raters to give score for each aspect of translation quality and measures the given score based on Nababan’s theory. D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 20 The sources of the data are Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window by Dorothy Britton published in 1984 and Totto-Chan: Gadis Cilik di Jendela by Widya Kirana in 2003 (third edition). The book begins with Totto-Chan’s mother coming to know of her daughter’s expulsion from public school. Her mother realizes that what Totto-Chan needs is a school where more freedom of expression is permitted. Thus, she takes Totto-Chan to meet the headmaster of the new school, Mr. Kobayashi. From that moment a friendship is formed between master and pupil. The book goes on to describe the times that Totto-Chan has, the friends she makes, the lessons she learns, and the vibrant atmosphere that she imbibes. All of these are presented to the reader through the eyes of a child. Thus the reader sees how the normal world is transformed into a beautiful, exciting place full of joy and enthusiasm. The reader also sees in their role as adults, how Mr. Kobayashi introduces new activities to interest the pupils. One sees in Mr. Kobayashi a man who understands children and strives to develop their qualities of mind, body and his concern for the physically handicapped and his emphasis on the equality of all children are remarkable. In order to collect the data, the writer did some steps. First, the researcher found both novels; English and Indonesian and read both of the data, the source and the target language. After getting the data, the writer chose the pages containing the phrasal verbs that would be used as data and arrange the data in a table. The next step is identify the data which were found in the book. Then, for determining the quality of the translation, the researcher found three raters and asked them to give scores for each aspect of translation quality. The last is measuring the given scores using Nababan’s theory. This research used descriptive method in which the researcher collected and analyzed the data, then drew conclusion based on the data analysis. Qualitative data are just not those that cannot be quantified, qualitative data can and should sometimes be quantified. Qualitative data can be gathered in many ways, including observations, journals, logs, retrospective narratives, document analysis, interviews and questionnaires. The data finding were analyzed descriptively in a form of explanation and its interpretation using theory of translation strategy and translation quality. The researcher used types of phrasal verb from Quirk et.al (1984) in corpus linguistics (2014) to analyze the data. Lexical Verb Direct Object Particles (Adverb) Particles (Preposition) Prepositional Object PhrasalVerb (Intransitive) show - up - - Phrasal Verb (Transitive) Separable Inseparable write call the note - down on - - - a friend Phrasal Prepositional Verb (Intransitive) get - along with Tony Prepositional Verb (Transitive) put their success down to team spirit Table 2.1 Types of Phrasal Verb by Quirk et.al Adopted from corpus linguistics (2014) From the data of phrasal verb above, the writer examines the strategy used by the translator in translating the phrasal verbs. D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 21 Translation Strategies Using an idiom of similar meaning and form Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Translation by paraphrase Translation by omission Table 2.2 Translation Strategies by Baker (1992) In addition, the quality of translation was also analyzed in this research. The data were examined whether it is accurate, acceptable and readable or not. The basis analysis data is taken from Nababan (2012). Source Language Target Language Accuracy (1-3) Acceptability (1-3) Readability (1-3) They got off the Oimachi train at Jiyugaoka Station. Mereka turun dari kereta Oimachi di Stasiun Jiyugaoka. 3 3 3 She had hardly ever been on a train before and was reluctant to give up the precious ticket she was clutching. Totto-chan yang jarang sekali naik kereta enggan mengulurkan karcisnya yang berharga. Ia memegangi karcisnyaerat-erat. 3 2 2 Total 6 5 5 Average 3,0 2,5 2,5 Table 2.3 Quality of Translation by Nababan (2012) RESULT AND ANALYSIS The first aim of this study is to find out the strategies applied to translate phrasal verbs in Totto-Chan novel. This study is conducted based on a set of strategies to translate phrasal verb or idiom provided by Mona Baker. The second purpose of this study is to discover the quality of translation in the novel based on Nababan’s theory. The first purpose of the study is to determine the strategy used by the translator to translate the phrasal verbs in the Totto-Chan novel. The researcher has analyzed the collected data as in table 4. STRATEGY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE 1 35 17,5 % 2 155 77,5 % 3 5 2,5 % 4 5 2,5 % Total 200 100 % Table 3.1 Strategy of Phrasal Verb Translation D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 22 The table 4 shows the distribution of translation strategy used in translating phrasal verbs. There are 35 phrasal verbs translated using an idiom of similar meaning and form, 155 phrasal verbs translated using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, 5 phrasal verbs translated by paraphrasing and 5 phrasal verbs are translated by omission. There are 35 data of phrasal verbs which are translated using idiom of similar meaning and form strategy. It can be shown in the following example. Example 1 (page 12, line 33) SL: Mother flinched as the teacher leaned forward. TL: Mama jadi salah tingkah ketika guru itu mencondongkan badannya kedepan. In this example, “leaned forward” is translated into “mencondongkan badan kebadan”. Based on Free Dictionary, “lean forward” means to bend forward. Here, the translator renders its meaning into “mencondongkan badan kedepan” in Indonesian. It shows that both have the similar meaning. Moreover, “leaned forward” is a phrasal verb or verb phrase as well as “mencondongkan badan kedepan” which is a verb phrase too. Therefore, this data uses idiom of similar meaning and form strategy. From the examples above, we know that idiom of similar meaning and form strategy is quite common used in translating phrasal verbs. This finding reveals a study done by Pratama (2016) that the use of idiom of similar meaning and form strategy is quite common in translating phrasal verbs or idiomatic expressions in a novel or other literary works. It can be seen from the presented table that shows the counted data using this strategy. The translator used this strategy in delivering the meaning of phrasal verbs in the novel because they have the equivalence expressions in Indonesian. From the examples above, most of the phrasal verbs are translated word by word. It happens because the translator must find the similar form of the phrasal verbs. If it is a phrasal verb, she has to find the similar meaning in phrasal verb form. There are 155 data of phrasal verbs which translated using this strategy. It can be shown in the following example. Example 1 (page 9, line 1) SL: They got off the Oimachi train at Jiyugaoka Station. TL: Mereka turun dari kereta Oimachi di Stasiun Jiyugaoka. In this example, “got off” is translated into “turun”. Based on Cambridge Dictionary, “got off” means to leave a train or bus. Here, the translator renders its meaning into “turun” in Indonesian. It shows that both have the similar meaning. However, “got off” is a phrasal verb or verb phrase while “turun” which is a verb not a phrase. Therefore, this data uses idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form strategy. From the examples above, we know that most of phrasal verbs are translated using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form. This finding reveals a study done by Akbari (2013) that it is possible to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target language which has a similar meaning to that source language, but which consists of different lexical items. For example, the English expression One good turn deserves another and the French expression A beau jeu, beau retour (a handsome action deserves a handsome return) use different lexical items to express more or less the same idea. The translator uses this strategy in delivering the meaning of phrasal verbs in the novel because they do not have the equivalence expressions in Indonesian. From the examples above, most of the phrasal verbs are not translated word by word like the strategy before. It happens because the translator cannot be able to find the similar form of the phrasal verbs. If they are translated word by word, the delivered meaning would be awkward. Consequently, she uses the strategy of similar meaning but dissimilar form. There are 155 data of phrasal verbs which translated using this strategy. It can be shown in the following example. D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 23 Example 1 (page 9, line 1) SL: They got off the Oimachi train at Jiyugaoka Station. TL: MerekaturundarikeretaOimachi di StasiunJiyugaoka. In this example, “got off” is translated into “turun”. Based on Cambridge Dictionary, “got off” means to leave a train or bus. Here, the translator renders its meaning into “turun” in Indonesian. It shows that both have the similar meaning. However, “got off” is a phrasal verb or verb phrase while “turun” which is a verb not a phrase. Therefore, this data uses idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form strategy. From the examples above, we know that most of phrasal verbs are translated using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form. This finding reveals a study done by Akbari (2013) that it is possible to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target language which has a similar meaning to that source language, but which consists of different lexical items. For example, the English expression One good turn deserves another and the French expression A beau jeu, beau retour (a handsome action deserves a handsome return) use different lexical items to express more or less the same idea. The translator uses this strategy in delivering the meaning of phrasal verbs in the novel because they do not have the equivalence expressions in Indonesian. From the examples above, most of the phrasal verbs are not translated word by word like the strategy before. It happens because the translator cannot find the similar form of the phrasal verbs. If they are translated word by word, the delivered meaning would be awkward. Consequently, she uses the strategy of similar meaning but dissimilar form. There are only 5 data of phrasal verbs which translated using this strategy. It can be shown in the following example. Example 1 (page 16, line 2) SL: You see, her flag took up most of the paper, so there wasn’t enough room for the fringe. TL: Anda tahu, benderanya dia gambar hampir sehalaman penuh, jadi tak ada tempat cukup untuk rumbai-rumbainya. In this example, “took up” is translated into “dia gambar”. Based on Cambridge Dictionary, “took up” means to fill an amount of space. Here, the translator paraphrases its meaning into “diagambar” in Indonesian. It shows that the translator found the difficulties in translating this phrasal verb because there is no similar meaning word in Indonesian. As a result, this data uses translation by paraphrase strategy to convey the meaning. This finding reveals a study by Sari (2013) that such strategy is a common way of translating idioms when a match cannot be found in the target language or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the target text because of differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target languages. The translator delivers the meaning of phrasal verbs in the novel by paraphrasing because the translator cannot find the similar meaning and form of the phrasal verbs in Indonesian. If they are translated word by word or using the previous strategies, the delivered meaning would be awkward and hardly readable. As a result, she uses translation by paraphrasing to make the readers more understand with the meaning. There are only 5 data of phrasal verbs translated using this strategy. It can be shown in the following example. Example 1 (page 38, line 2) SL: They filed out to return to their classroom. TL: Lalumerekakembalikekelasmereka. In this example, “filed out” is not translated into Indonesian. Based on Cambridge Dictionary, “file out” means to get out. Here, the translator omits the phrasal verb because it does not change the meaning of the sentence in the TL. It shows that the translator is able to translate the D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 24 sentence without translating the phrasal verb there. As a result, this data uses translation by omission strategy to convey the meaning.This finding reveals a study done by Sari (2013) that an idiom may sometimes be omitted altogether in the target text. This may be because it has no match in the target language, its meaning cannot be easily be paraphrased, or for stylistic reason. The translator uses this strategy in delivering the meaning of phrasal verbs in the novel because the phrasal verbs do not contribute the meaning of a sentence or text. From the examples above, the phrasal verbs are not translated like the strategies before. It might happen because the translator cannot find the similar meaning and form of the phrasal verbs. Moreover, it is difficult to translate by paraphrasing. If they are omitted, the meaning of the whole text would not be changed or influenced. Therefore, she uses the omission strategy to deliver the meaning. The second aim of this study is to determine the quality of translation. The first category of the translation quality is accuracy. After asking three raters to give score for each category, the accuracy level has been analyzed as in table 5. CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Accurate 484 80,67 % Less Accurate 102 17 % Inaccurate 14 2,33 % Total 600 100 % Table 3.2 Accuracy Level of Phrasal Verb Translation From 600 collected data, we know that there are 484 data translated accurately. Meanwhile, 102 data are translated less accurately. The rest are 14 data translated inaccurately. In this study, the writer asks three raters to rate the accuracy level of all phrasal verbs found in the novel. They determined the accuracy level based on the scale and definition by Nababan. Below are the detailed explanations of each accuracy level. Example 1 (page 9, line 1) SL: They got off the Oimachi train at Jiyugaoka Station. TL: Mereka turun dari kereta Oimachi di Stasiun Jiyugaoka. In this example, “got off” is translated into “turun” which is accurate according to the three raters. It is because the meaning of phrase in a source text is accurately delivered without any distortions. This finding reveals a study (Siregar, 2016) that the accurate criteria are most identified as literal technique. The literal technique is high enough to produce an accurate translation, although some of them need the improvement. In this study, most of phrasal verbs in the novel are translated accurately by the translator. It is proven by the performed data which given by the three raters. They give score 3 or maximum score for each phrasal verbs. It might be happened because the phrasal verbs are categorized as common word or verb so the readers are familiar with them. Example 2 (page 9, line 14) SL: Totto-chan gazed longingly into the box and went on,“When I growup I’m going to sell railroad tickets!” TL: Totto-chan memandang kotak itu dengan penuh minat lalu melanjutkan, “Kalau sudah besar, aku mau jadi penjual karcis kereta!” In this example, “went on” is translated into “melanjutkan” which is less accurate according to the three raters. It is because the meaning of phrase in a source text is accurately delivered. However, there are still some distortions because of several techniques which may change the D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 25 meaning of the texts as a whole. This finding reveals a study done by Siregar (2016) that the translation techniques which contributed to less accurate criteria are additions, modulation, and equivalence. Several other techniques are also slightly contributed on these criteria, such as adaptation and deletion. These techniques can make any distortions which can change the meaning of the texts as a whole. In this study, some of phrasal verbs in the novel are categorized as less accurate translation. It is proven by the performed data given by the three raters. They give score 2 for each phrasal verbs. It might happen because the phrasal verbs are categorized as uncommon word or verb so the readers are less familiar with them. Example 3 (page 24, line 30) SL: She had never looked forward to a day so much. TL: Belumpernahdiabersemangatharibarusepertiitu. In this example, “looked forward” is not translated clearly in Indonesian which means that it is an inaccurate translation according to the three raters. It is because the meaning of phrase in a source text is not accurately delivered or deleted. This finding reveals a study by Siregar (2016) that inaccurate translations are caused by deletion/omission and inappropriate message transfer of source text into target text. Therefore, the meaning in a source text is not accurately delivered because of the deletion or omission. In this study, only 14 phrasal verbs in the novel are not translated accurately by the translator. It is proven by the performed data which given by the three raters. They give score 1 or minimum score for each phrasal verb. It might happen because the readers are not familiar with the phrasal verbs. The second category of the translation quality is acceptability. After asking three raters to give score for each category, the acceptability level has been analyzed as in table 6. CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Acceptable 499 83,17 % Less Acceptable 87 14,5 % Not Acceptable 14 2,33 % Total 600 100 % Table 3.3 Acceptability Level of Phrasal Verb Translation From 600 collected data, we know that 499 data are acceptable. In addition, 87 data are less acceptable. The rest are 14 not acceptable data. In this study, the writer asks three raters to rate the acceptability level of all phrasal verbs found in the novel. They determined the acceptability level based on the scale and definition by Nababan. Below are the detailed explanations of each acceptability level. Example 1 (page 25, line 1) SL: Mother usually had trouble getting Totto-chan out of bed in the morning. TL: Biasanya Mama kesulitan membangunkan Totto-chan di pagi hari. In this example, “getting out” is translated into “membangunkan” which is acceptable according to the three raters. It is because the translation is natural: using the common technical terms and familiar to readers: phrase in accordance with the norms of Indonesian Language. In this study, most of phrasal verbs in the novel are identified as acceptable translation. It is proven by the performed data which given by the three raters. They give score 3 or maximum score for each phrasal verbs. It might be happened because the phrasal verbs are categorized as common D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 26 word or verb so the readers are familiar with them. This finding reveals a study done by Siregar (2016) that most of the phrasal verbs are categorized as acceptable translation. In this novel, there are 83 % phrasal verbs which identified as acceptable translation. The data are similar with Siregar’s finding that most of the phrasal verbs are categorized as acceptable translation. Example 2 (page 26, line 11) SL: Rocky always used to walk with Totto-chan as far as the gate of the other school and then come back home. TL: Rocky biasa berjalan menemani Totto-chan sampai gerbang sekolahnya yang lama, lalu pulang. In this example, “come back” is translated into “pulang” which is less acceptable according to the three raters. It is because the translation is already natural: but there is few trouble in using the technical terms or grammatical errors. This finding reveals a study by Siregar (2016) that less acceptable translation characterized with less naturalness, and the technical term is not commonly used, or contains the slight grammatical errors. His findings are similar with this study that less acceptable translations are rarely occurred in the novel. In this study, some of phrasal verbs in the novel are categorized as less acceptable translation. It is proven by the performed data which given by the three raters. They give score 2 for each phrasal verbs. It might be happened because the phrasal verbs are categorized as uncommon word or verb so the readers are less familiar with them. Example 3 (page 39, line 5) SL: She started ladling out the contents of the cesspool. TL: Ia mulai mencedok isi bak penampung kotoran itu. In this example, “ladling out” is translated into “mencedok” which is not acceptable according to the three raters. It is because the translation is not natural or it seems like translation work: using uncommon and unfamiliar technical terms to the readers: using phrase which is not in accordance to the norms of Indonesian language. In this study, the translations of some phrasal verbs in the novel are not acceptable based on three raters. It is proven by the performed data which given by them. They give score 1 or minimum score for each phrasal verbs. It might happen because the readers are not familiar with the phrasal verbs. This finding reveals a study by Siregar (2016) that the main reason for unacceptable translation is omission and deletion of importance information in target text or occurrence of unfamiliar words as in the example above. The third category of the translation quality is readability. After asking three raters to give score for each category, the readability level has been analyzed as in table 7. CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Highly Readable 554 92,33 % Quite Readable 43 7,17 % Hardly Readable 3 0,5 % Total 600 100 % Table 3.4 Readability Level of Phrasal Verb Translation From 600 collected data, we know that 554 data are highly readable. In addition, 43 data are quite readable. The rest are 3 data which are hardly readable. In this study, the writer asks three raters to rate the readability level of all phrasal verbs found in the novel. They determined the readability level based on the scale and definition by Nababan. Below are the detailed explanations of each readability level. Example 1 (page 39, line 3) D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 27 SL: Lifting it off with difficulty, she discovered an opening that was undoubtedly the one she was looking for. TL: Dengan susah payah, ia membuka penutup itu dan akhirnya menemukan lubang yang dicarinya. In this example, “lifting off” is translated into “membuka” which is highly readable according to the three raters. It is because the meaning of phrase can be easily understood by the readers. In this study, most of phrasal verbs in the novel are identified as highly readable translation. It is proven by the performed data which given by the three raters. They give score 3 or maximum score for each phrasal verbs. It might happen because the phrasal verbs are categorized as common word or verb so the readers are familiar with them. This finding reveals a study done by Siregar (2016) that that most of the phrasal verbs are categorized as highly readable translation. In this novel, there are 92 % phrasal verbs identified as highly readable translation. The data are similar with Siregar’s finding that most of the phrasal verbs are categorized as highly readable translation. Example 2 (page 42, line 12) SL: “Maybe it will come along the Oimachi Line tracks and then branch off this way at that level crossing.” TL: “Mungkin gerbong itu akan lewat Jalur Kereta Oimachi, lalu berbelok ke sini di persimpangan itu.” In this example, “branch off” is translated into “berbelok” which is quite readable according to the three raters. It is because the meaning of phrase can be easily understood by the readers. There are several points which should be read repeatedly to get their meanings. This finding reveals a study by Siregar (2016) that quite readable translation occurred when there are several points which should be read repeatedly to get their meanings. His findings are similar with this study that quite readable translations are rarely occurred in the novel. It is less than 8 % data are categorized as quite readable translation. In this study, some of phrasal verbs in the novel are categorized as quite readable translation. It is proven by the performed data which given by the three raters. They give score 2 for each phrasal verbs. It might happen because the phrasal verbs are categorized as uncommon word or verb so the readers are less familiar with them. Example 3 (page 24, line 30) SL: She had never looked forward to a day so much. TL: Belum pernah dia bersemangat hari baru seperti itu. In this example, “looked forward” is not translated clearly which means that it is hardly readable according to the three raters. It is because the result of the translation can hardly be understood. This finding reveals a study by Siregar (2016) that hardly readable translation is considered as difficult by readers by giving score 1 for data pairs that identified as low level of ratability. Often the translation has some terms that are less understood and less coherent sentence. His findings are similar with this study that hardly readable translations are rarely occurred in the novel. It is less than 1 % data are categorized as hardly readable translation. In this study, the translations of some phrasal verbs in the novel are hardly readable based on three raters. It is proven by the performed data which given by them. They give score 1 or minimum score for each phrasal verbs. It might happen because the readers are not familiar with the phrasal verbs. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions are drawn to answer the research problems of this study as well as to highlight other findings. To make it easier for the readers, the conclusions of this research are presented as follows. D. Indah Mutiara S. & A. Sofwan & P. Kalisa / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017) 28 There are four strategies used in translating phrasal verbs found in the novel. The first one is using idiom of similar meaning and form, the second is using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, the third is paraphrase, and the last is omission. The most used strategy to translate the phrasal verbs in the Totto-Chan novel is using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form. It can be seen from the use of similar meaning but dissimilar form percentage which is 77.5%. Meanwhile, the percentage of first strategy is 17.5%. Besides, the percentage of paraphrase and omission are 2.5% of each. There are three categories to assess the quality of phrasal verbs translation in the Totto- Chan novel. The first is accuracy level, the second is acceptability level, and the third is readability level. The accuracy level of this novel’s phrasal verb translation is 80.67% which indicates that the translation is accurate. In addition, the acceptability level is 83.17% which shows us the translation is acceptable. The last is readability level which is 92.3%. It can be said that the translation of this novel is highly readable. As a result, the translations of phrasal verbs in this novel are accurate, acceptable, and highly readable. REFERENCES Akbari, M. 2013. Strategies for Translating Idioms.Journal of Academic and Applied Studies, 3/8. A.S. Hornby. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. New York:Oxford University Aziz, Ihsan A. 2014. Translation Analysis of Cultural Terms in Negeri 5 Menara.Depok:Universitas Indonesia. Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. New York: Routledge. Britton, Dorothy. 1984. 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