




































ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

18 
 

LINGUISTICS LEARNING STYLE AS INNOVATION: 

THE SUCCESSFUL OF ENGLISH FOREIGN 

LANGUAGE STUDENTS 
Ima Frafika Sari 

Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, Indonesia 

ifrafika@gmail.com 

Abstract  

This research aims at revealing: the characteristic of the learning style for EFL; 

the advantages of the learning style for EFL; the innovation of the learning style 

for EFL. It is a kind of descriptive qualitative research aimed at revealing the 

linguistics learning style as an innovation for the English Foreign language. 

Linguistics learning research is still insufficient as an innovation for EFL; 

therefore, this research is significant to be conducted. The findings of the 

research can be described as follows: First, there are nine learning styles, 

namely; visual learning, auditory numerical, social group, visual numerical, 

kinesthetics, expressiveness oral, auditory language, social individual and 

expressiveness written. Second, the benefits of linguistics learning are improved 

language skills, better comprehension, increased engagement, flexibility, and 

better communication skills. Third, the innovations of learning style in EFL 

include language learning apps, interactive language learning platforms, AI-

assisted language learning, social media use, multimedia-based learning, and 

content-based instruction. 

Keywords: Linguistics Learning Style; English Foreign Language; Innovation. 
 

INTRODUCTION 

English language is one of the foreign skills needed for students. As a 

foreign language, the students struggle to master English 1 . It means that, 

students need innovation in learning the English language. English as a foreign 

language study can positively affect a person's life, including access to more 

                                                             
1Khoirun, Nisak. 2023. Interview of English Student STKIP PGRI Pacitan. Accessed on 17 July 2023. 

mailto:ifrafika@gmail.com


ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

19 
 

academic and professional opportunities2. The English language has a global 

impact and is taught in many countries. Communicating effectively in English 

is essential for EFL teachers who want to inspire their students to develop their 

language skills. It means that, English as a second language learning can 

present students with numerous challenges. 

In learning the English language, students have different characteristics as 

educators cannot give a similar style in learning progress. Each student receives 

and processes information distinctively. Students take great pleasure in 

engaging in enjoyable activities in learning English3. Some students may be 

more visual, preferring to learn through seeing (e.g., reading, observing 

diagrams or illustrations). Others may be auditory learners who comprehend 

better by listening to information (e.g., through lectures, and discussions). 

Kinesthetic or tactile learners, on the other hand, benefit most from doing and 

movement (e.g., through role plays, and experiments). Some prefer a more 

logical or systematic approach to learning, focusing on the underlying rules and 

patterns. These distinct learning styles may manifest in various ways in English 

language acquisition. For example, some students may learn vocabulary more 

effectively through flashcards (visual learners). In contrast, others may 

remember new words better when used in context (auditory learners) (auditory 

learners). It means that, educators need to stress the importance of students 

knowing their preferred methods of absorbing information. Students who are 

self-aware about their learning styles are better equipped to take charge of their 

education. 

                                                             
2University of the People. 2023. How Can Learning English as a Foreign Language Benefit You? Accessed on 

17 July 2023, 12.00 am o’clcock. Retrieved from https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/english-as-a-foreign-language/. 

3Kumaryati, Sri Endang. 2017. Exploring Students Interests in Learning English (A Descriptive Study in 

Elementary Schools in Kudus), TEYLIN International Conference Proceedings, p. 185-191. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

20 
 

Linguistics is how to know the meaning of language. Linguistic learning 

styles are an essential factor 4 . As each student has unique strengths and 

intelligence, the teaching process should, whenever possible, consider 

individual needs. Students become the center of attention during the learning 

process 5 . Styles of language acquisition are among the most influential 

determinants of how and how well students acquire a foreign or second 

language. It means that, A foreign language is a language that is studied in an 

environment where it is not the primary mode of communication and where 

exposure to that language is limited. 

Learning styles and language learning strategies are the two most 

influential factors in determining how and to what extent students master a 

second or foreign language6. Their learning styles partly influence students' 

success in second or foreign language learning. Students' preferred information 

acquisition, processing, and dissemination methods can vary7. 

Linguistics Learning Style is a relatively new concept investigating the 

intersection of linguistics and learning styles. It is based on the premise that a 

learner's comprehension and application of language's inherent structures and 

rules (i.e., phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) may vary and that 

these differences can be exploited to optimize language learning. In learning the 

English language, students have difficulties, namely; The English grammar 

rules can be complex and challenging for learners; English has an extensive 
                                                             

4Adnan, Aruliva., Marlina, Leni. 2017. EFL Students’ Learning Style in English as General Course at Universitas 

Negeri Padang, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), No. 110. p. 235-240. 

5Risan, Rahmad. 2022. Identifying the characteristics of the student: An evaluation for English Teachers’ 

Pedagogical Competence. Journal of English Language Teaching, 11(2): pp. 147-159, DOI: 

10.24036/jelt.v11i2.116598 

6Widharyanto, B., Binawan, Heribertus. 2020. Learning Style And Language Learning Strategies Of Students 

From Various Ethnics In Indonesia, Cakrawala Pendidikan, No 39 (2), p. 480-492. 

7Ariastuti, Melani Dwi., Wahyudin, Achmad Yudi. 2022. Exploring Academic Performance and Learning Style 

of Undergraduate Students in English Education Program, Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, No 3 

(1), p. 67. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

21 
 

vocabulary and many words have multiple meanings; English has sounds that 

may not exist in the learners' native languages, making pronunciation difficult; 

and EFL students may have difficulty understanding native English speakers, 

particularly those babbling or with different accents8.  

In learning the English language, the students should have specific 

techniques to make it easier to learn English, but the students feel bored and 

challenging to learn English. Few studies have examined the influence of the 

Linguistics Learning Style on the success of EFL students, despite the extensive 

interest and research into learning styles in language education. This gap in the 

literature suggests that additional research is necessary to investigate the 

potential of this innovative approach to facilitate language learning. In this 

context, the present study seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge 

regarding effective language learning strategies, focusing specifically on the 

Linguistics Learning Style as an innovative approach to enhancing the success 

of EFL students. The study was therefore designed to address the following 

research questions: 

1) What is the characteristic of the linguistics learning style for EFL?  

2) What are the advantages of the linguistics learning style for EFL?  

3) How is the innovation of the linguistics learning style for EFL? 

  

                                                             
8Suryanto., Sari, Zahra Eka. 2020. Difficulties and Strategies in Learning English: An Analysis of Students from 

English and Non-English Education Department in Indonesia, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities 

Research, No. 518. p. 313-331. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

22 
 

RESEARCH METHOD 

It is a type of qualitative descriptive research with the purpose of 

revealing the linguistics learning style as an innovation for the English Foreign 

language. In qualitative research, the researcher explained the use of theories in 

the findings and discussion. The supporting sources include books, journals, 

and other materials pertinent to the subject. 

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 

The Characteristics of The Linguistics Learning Style For EFL 

According to Mkonto9, there are nine Linguistics learning styles for EFL, 

namely: 

a) Visual Learning 

Students with this learning style enjoy reading and benefit significantly 

from visual simulation” 10 . It means that, When information is 

presented visually, it is typically easier for visual learners to 

comprehend and retain it. They naturally tend to read and can 

effectively extract meaning and details from written text. They may 

appreciate books, articles, and other written materials as their primary 

source of knowledge. Additionally, visual simulations are highly 

beneficial for visual learners. These may consist of interactive 

multimedia presentations, virtual reality experiences, computer 

simulations, or any other form of visual representation that aids in 

comprehending concepts and ideas. Visual simulations offer these 

                                                             
9Mkonto, Nosisana. “Students’ Learning Preferences”. Journal of Studies in Education, Vol. 5. (3), 2016 212-

235. 

10Oxford, R.L. (2001). Language learning styles and strategies. In Marianne Celce-Murcia (Ed), Teaching 

English as a Second or Foreign Language (Third Edition), 359 – 366. USA: Heinle & Heinle. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

23 
 

students a dynamic and engaging way to absorb information, as they 

can observe and interact with visual content to enhance their 

comprehension. 

b) Auditory Numerical 

Students who learn best through listening to lectures or audio 

recordings are said to have an auditory learning style.” 11 . These 

students have excellent auditory memories and can accurately recall 

details of information heard in conversations or lectures12. People who 

learn best when they can listen to and repeat back information are said 

to have an auditory learning style. 

c). Social Group 

A social group consists of individuals who interact with one another, 

influence one another, communicate, share certain goals, and adhere to 

certain norms. Their relationships are structured according to a 

particular structure, which means that each person has a distinct role 

or position, and that these roles are hierarchically organized. 

Interdependence is a fundamental characteristic of a social group, as 

individuals depend somewhat on one another. Group-preferred 

learners prefer to study and learn in groups13. 

c) Visual Numerical 

Visual numerical denotes a learning style that requires seeing numbers 

or data to comprehend them. It is also a concept associated with data 

visualization and the capacity to make sense of semiotic resources in an 

                                                             
11Al-Hebaishi, M. S. (2012). Investigating the relationship between learning styles, strategies and the 

academic performance of Saudi English majors. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 1(8), 510-520. 

12Marzuna, Lenny., et al. 2019. Learning Styles and English Proficiency of Undergraduate EFL Students at 

One State Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia, Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, No 6, p. 214. 

13Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language 

acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Associates, Publishers. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

24 
 

educational context14. The ability to comprehend and interpret visual 

representations of numerical data constitutes visual-numerical literacy. 

It utilizes visual aids such as graphs, charts, and diagrams to 

comprehend numerical information better 15 . The visual-numeric 

environment refers to classifying and validating visual-numeric data 

using reference models, methods, and tools. 

d) Kinesthetic-Tactile 

It prefers to move and manipulate objects that can be touched. They 

take frequent breaks and circulate the room 16 . Kinesthetic-tactile 

learning, also known as "kinesthetic learning" or "tactile learning," 

refers to learning styles that heavily rely on movement and touch. 

People with a kinesthetic-tactile learning style tend to learn most 

effectively when physically engaged in the learning process, whether 

through moving, doing, touching, or actively participating in an 

activity. 

e) Expressiveness Oral 

Expressiveness oral communication involves using tone, inflection, and 

other prosodic features of spoken language to convey meaning.17. It is a 

fundamental component of oral language skills essential for academic 

success. Expressiveness oral recognition accuracy and the application 

of prosodic features can all be measured in oral assessments. 18 . 

                                                             
14Tonnessen, Elise Seip. 2020. What is Visual-Numeric Literacy, and How Does It Work? Amsterdam: 

University Press. 

15Spitaleri, Rosa Maria. 1994. Visual Numerical Environment: Reference Models, Methods and Tools, 

Computer-Aided Design, 26 (12), p. 907-916. 

16Oxford, R. (2001) Language learning styles and strategies. In. M. Celce-Murcia, Ed.Teaching English as a 

second or foreign language (3rd ed.). US A: Heinle & Heinle. 

17Sabu, Kamini, et all. 2018. Automatic Detection of Expressiveness in Oral Reading, Interspeech, p. 1489-

1490. 

18Morrison, Timothy., & Wilcox, Brad. 2020. Assessing Expressive Oral Reading Fluency, Education Sciences, 

10 (3), p. 13. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

25 
 

Automatic detection systems have also been developed to evaluate 

further the expressiveness of a reader's reading aloud. Teachers need to 

consider their students' learning styles, such as whether they retain 

information better through oral or written communication, to help each 

student reach their full potential. 

f) Auditory Language 

This is the student who acquires knowledge by hearing spoken words. 

Particularly when attempting to comprehend new material, they may 

vocalize or move their lips or throat while reading. Hearing-learned 

words or facts will be easier to comprehend and recall. These students 

learn most effectively when presented with information orally19. 

g) Social Individual 

Individual social learning is acquiring new knowledge, abilities, or 

behaviors through social interactions with others.20. This student gets 

more work done alone. When they have learned independently, they 

think and remember more effectively. The individual cares more about 

their ideas than those of others. This student will not be difficult to 

prevent from excessively socializing in class. 

h) Expressiveness-Written 

The student can demonstrate knowledge through well-written essays 

and test responses. When oral responses are required, they feel less 

                                                             
19Adnan, Aruliva., Marlina, Leni. 2017. EFL Students’ Learning Style in English as General Course at 

Universitas Negeri Padang, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), No. 110. p. 

235-240. 

20Yang, Yanpeng., Clement, Romain J G., Ghirlanda, Stefano., Porfiri, Maurixio. 2019. A Comparison of 

Individual Learning and Social Learning in Zebrafish Through an Ethorobotics Approach, Original Research Artikel, 6, 

p. 13. 

 

 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

26 
 

confident, if not foolish. Their thoughts are better organized when 

written than when spoken. 

 

The Advantages of The Linguistics Learning Style For EFL 

EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students can benefit from the 

linguistic learning style, which involves learning through language. Here are a 

few benefits of the linguistic learning style for EFL students: 

1) Improved language skills: Most linguists learn best through language, 

so teaching them through both written and spoken words can be 

advantageous. This can enhance language skills, such as reading, 

writing, speaking, and listening. 

2) Better comprehension: Linguistic learners are typically adept at 

comprehending and utilizing language, facilitating their ability to 

comprehend and retain new information. This can be especially useful 

in EFL classrooms, where students must comprehend and use a foreign 

language. 

3) Increased engagement: Reading, writing, and discussing ideas tend to 

be enjoyable activities for linguistically-inclined students, which can 

increase their interest in the learning process. This can result in a more 

optimistic outlook on learning and increased motivation to study. 

4) Flexibility: Linguistics students can learn through various methods, 

such as lectures, reading, writing, and group discussions. This 

adaptability can benefit EFL classrooms where students have varying 

preferences and needs. 

5) Better communication skills: The ability of linguistic learners to express 

themselves effectively through language can lead to enhanced 

communication skills. This can be especially crucial in EFL classrooms 

where students must communicate in a foreign language. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

27 
 

Reading, writing, listening, and speaking are the favored modes of 

instruction for linguists. They typically have excellent reading, writing, and 

storytelling abilities and retain information better when presented orally. 

The following are some benefits of the linguistic learning style for English 

as a Foreign Language (EFL) students: 

1) Enhanced Vocabulary Acquisition: Vocabulary expansion is essential to 

learning a foreign language, and language learners have a natural talent 

for picking up and remembering new words. 

2) Strong Listening and Speaking Skills: Students of other languages often 

have a natural gift for the spoken word. These abilities are helpful in 

language learning and can improve listening and speaking skills. 

3) Reading and Writing Proficiency: Linguistic learners may find it easier to 

read and write in the target language because they already possess these 

skills. 

4) Grammar Understanding: Learners of a new language typically have a 

knack for spotting linguistic patterns and rules, which can facilitate their 

mastery of the language's grammar. 

5) Memory Retention: They can successfully use memory techniques such 

as repetition, rhymes, and songs to learn and retain new linguistic 

material. 

 

The Innovation of The Linguistics Learning Style For EFL 

In the search results, the specific innovation of the linguistic learning style 

for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students is not explicitly mentioned. 

Nevertheless, based on the available data, the linguistic learning style may be 

innovative in the following ways: 

1) Language creativity: The linguistic learning style promotes creative 

linguistic expression, such as creating novel grammatical 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

28 
 

constructions and patterns that adhere to established linguistic 

norms. As a result, EFL students can better express themselves and 

expand their linguistic horizons through their imaginative use of the 

language21. 

2) Language proficiency: The linguistic learning style effectively 

improves EFL students' command of the English language because it 

emphasizes language-based teaching and study techniques. As a 

result, one's proficiency in reading, writing, speaking, and listening 

can all rise22. 

3) Adaptability: The linguistic learning style is adaptable to various 

instructional formats, such as classroom presentations, independent 

study, and group projects. This flexibility encourages creativity and 

innovation among EFL students as they experiment with various 

methods to improve their language skills. 

4) Personalization: The theory of language acquisition considers each 

student's unique background and linguistic preferences. EFL students 

can make their studies of the language more efficient and creative if 

they take the time to identify and capitalize on their unique learning 

styles. 

The "innovation" of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) linguistic 

learning style most likely refers to novel uses of this learning style in language 

teaching. "linguistic learning style" refers to the preference for verbal and 

auditory learning, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking, in this 

context. The term "innovation" refers to newly developed techniques, tools, 

technologies, or methodologies that enhance the efficacy of EFL instruction, 

particularly for students with a linguistic learning style. These innovations may 

                                                             
21Sarifa, Najmus. 2020. Enhancing EFL learners’ English Proficiency and Intelligence by implementing The 

Eclectic Method of Language Teaching, Arab World Enlish Journal, No 11 (1), p. 103-113. 

22Deshors, Sandra., Gotz, Sandra., Laporte, Samantha. 2016. Linguistics Innovation in EFL and ESL: 

Rethinking the Linguistics Creativity of Non-Native English Speakers, IJLCR, p. 36. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

29 
 

include language learning apps, interactive language learning platforms, AI-

assisted language learning, social media use, multimedia-based learning, and 

content-based instruction. 

CONCLUSION 

"Linguistics Learning Style" examines how linguistics can illuminate how 

people learn most effectively. It is premised on the possibility of individual 

differences in how students acquire and employ linguistic concepts (including 

phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics).  "Linguistics Learning Style" is 

an emerging field that examines how linguistics can shed light on how people 

learn best. Individual differences in how students acquire and apply linguistic 

concepts are assumed (including phonology, syntax, semantics, and 

pragmatics).   

Students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) may have difficulty 

understanding native English speakers, especially those who babble or have 

different accents, due to some factors, including but not limited to: the 

complexity of English grammar rules; the breadth and depth of the English 

vocabulary; the fact that many words have more than one meaning; and the fact 

that English contains sounds that may not exist in the learners' native 

languages. 

 

REFERENCES 

Adnan, Aruliva., Marlina, Leni. 2017. EFL Students’ Learning Style in English as 

General Course at Universitas Negeri Padang, Advances in Social Science, 

Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), No. 110. p. 235-240. 

 

Ariastuti, Melani Dwi., Wahyudin, Achmad Yudi. 2022. Exploring Academic 

Performance and Learning Style of Undergraduate Students in English 

Education Program, Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 

No 3 (1), p. 67. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

30 
 

 

Atika, Riska Nurul. 2019. Interactions Among Learning Styles, Language 

Learning Strategies And Gender of Efl Learners, Study of Applied 

Linguistics and English Education, No 1 (1), p. 67-82. 

 

Al-Hebaishi, M. S. (2012). Investigating the relationship between learning styles, 

strategies and the academic performance of Saudi English majors. 

International Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 1(8), 510-520. 

 

Awla, Hawkar Akram. 2014. Learning Styles And Their Relation To Teaching 

Styles, Science Publishing Group,  No 2 (3), p. 241-245. 

 

Deshors, Sandra., Gotz, Sandra., Laporte, Samantha. 2016. Linguistics 

Innovation in EFL and ESL: Rethinking the Linguistics Creativity of Non-

Native English Speakers, IJLCR, p. 36. 

 

Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual 

differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence 

Erlbaum. Associates, Publishers. 

 

Khoirun, Nisak. 2023. Interview of English Student STKIP PGRI Pacitan. 

Accessed on 17 July 2023. 

Kumaryati, Sri Endang. 2017. Exploring Students Interests in Learning English 

(A Descriptive Study in Elementary Schools in Kudus), TEYLIN 

International Conference Proceedings, p. 185-191. 

 

Manipuspika, Yana Shanti. 2020. Learning Styles of Indonesian EFL Students: 

Culture and Learning, Arab World English Journal, No 11 (1), p. 91-102. 

 

Morrison, Timothy., & Wilcox, Brad. 2020. Assessing Expressive Oral Reading 

Fluency, Education Sciences, 10 (3), p. 13. 

 

Marzuna, Lenny., Pitaloka, Nova Lingga., & Yolanda, Aren Dwi. 2019. Learning 

Styles and English Proficiency of Undergraduate EFL Students at One 

State Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia, Jurnal Pendidikan dan 

Pengajaran, No 6, p. 214. 

 

Mkonto, Nosisana. “Students’ Learning Preferences”. Journal of Studies in 

Education, Vol. 5. (3), 2016 212-235. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

31 
 

 

Oxford, R.L. (2001). Language learning styles and strategies. In Marianne Celce-

Murcia (Ed), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language (Third 

Edition), 359 – 366. USA : Heinle & Heinle. 

 

Risan, Rahmad. 2022. Identifying the characteristics of the student: An 

evaluation for English Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence. Journal of 

English Language Teaching, 11(2): pp. 147-159, DOI: 

10.24036/jelt.v11i2.116598. 

 

Sabu, Kamini., Kumar, Kanhaiya., Rao, Preeti. 2018. Automatic Detection of 

Expressiveness in Oral Reading, Interspeech, p. 1489-1490. 

 

Sarifa, Najmus. 2020. Enhancing EFL learners’ English Proficiency and 

Intelligence by implementing The Eclectic Method of Language Teaching, 

Arab World English Journal, No 11 (1), p. 103-113. 

 

Spitaleri, Rosa Maria. 1994. Visual Numerical Environment: Reference Models, 

Methods and Tools, Computer-Aided Design, 26 (12), p. 907-916. 

 

Suryanto., Sari, Zahra Eka. 2020. Difficulties and Strategies in Learning English: 

An Analysis of Students from English and Non-English Education 

Department in Indonesia, Advances in Social Science, Education and 

Humanities Research, No. 518. p. 313-331. 

 

Tabatabaei, Omid., & Mashayekhi, Somayeh. 2012. The relationship between 

EFL l learning styles and their L2 achievement, Social and Behavioral 

Sciences, p. 245-253. 

 

Tonnessen, Elise Seip. 2020. What is Visual-Numeric Literacy, and How Does It 

Work? Amsterdam: University Press. 

 

University of the People. 2023. How Can Learning English as a Foreign 

Language Benefit You? Accessed on 17 July 2023, 12.00 am o’clock. 

Retrieved from https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/english-as-a-foreign-

language/. 

 

https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/english-as-a-foreign-language/
https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/english-as-a-foreign-language/


ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 4 No. 02, 2023  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

 

 
 

32 
 

Widharyanto, B., Binawan, Heribertus. 2020. Learning Style And Language 

Learning Strategies Of Students From Various Ethnics In Indonesia, 

Cakrawala Pendidikan, No 39 (2), p. 480-492. 

 

Xu, Wen. 2011. Learning Styles and Their Implications in Learning and 

Teaching, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, No 1 (4), p. 413-416. 

 

Yang, Yanpeng., Clement, Romain J G., Ghirlanda, Stefano., Porfiri, Maurixio. 

2019. A Comparison of Individual Learning and Social Learning in 

Zebrafish Through an Ethorobotics Approach, Original Research Artikel, 6, 

p. 13. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


	Abstract

