




































ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

18 
 

POLITENESS STRATEGY PERFORMED  
IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT TALK SHOW  
ON TV ONE: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH 

 
Nur Aini Syah 

Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo 
 

nurainisyah2021@gmail.com 
 
 

ABSTRACT 

Talk show program on TV One is a program that uses language as a means of 

communication. To create the success of cummunication, it needs a strategy. This study 

aims to find out the politeness srategies used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TV One. 

The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this 

research is oral data source, which is focused on the speeches between the presenter, 

interviewees, and mystery guest with the sources from a number of ministers in our 

country by downloading on the site www.youtube.com. For data analysis technique, the 

researcher used the contextual method with the pragmatic competence-in-dividing. And 

for the theory, the researcher focuses on politeness strategies by Brown Levinson's theory 

(1987: 94).The results indicate that there are 16 types of politeness strategies of Satu Jam 

Lebih Dekat program namely Bald on record, Positive Politeness-attend to hearer, Positive 

Politeness-intensify interest, Positive Politeness-use group identify marker, Positive 

Politeness-seek agreement, Positive Politeness-avoid disagreement, Positive Politeness-

assert speaker’s knowledge, Positive Politeness-include both speaker and hearer in 

activity, Positive Politeness-give or ask reasons, Positive Politeness-give gifts, Negative 

Politeness-be conventionally indirect, Negative Politeness-question, hedge, Negative 

Politeness-give deference, Negative Politeness-impersonalize speaker and hearer, Off 

record-give hints, and Off record-give association clues. The most dominant use of 

politeness strategy is positive politeness-asking an agreement with the 42 percentage. The 

politeness strategies of this speech acts support the effectiveness of talk show and will 

minimize threats, protect, and extract information from interviewees without any 

compulsion due to the use of this politeness strategy. 

Keywords: pragmatics, politeness strategy, talk show 

INTRODUCTION 

 As a means of communication and interaction, language has very 

important role in human life. Humans use language to convey their messages to 

their listeners. In conveying their message, it needs cooperation. The harmony of 

the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor can be maintained if 

each participant is always polite and respects one another. According to the Leech 

mailto:nurainisyah2021@gmail.com
http://www.youtube.com/


ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

19 
 

(2011: 121) he argues that the principle of politeness is as a necessary principle, 

which avoid from serious difficulties. Therefore, the principle of politeness is 

needed to build a good relationship between speakers and listeners (Grice, 1989: 

26-27).  

  Research using pragmatic reviews, especially language politeness, was 

conducted by Nurhayati (2010) with the title "Realization of Language Teaching in 

the Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Novel by Ahmad Tohari". This research discusses 

speech acts and the realization of language politeness. This research tends to lead 

to the types of speech acts and the realization of language politeness in a novel. 

 Furthermore, Hasibuan's (2005) in his reserach entitled "“Perangkat 

Tindak Tutur dan Siasat Kesantunan Berbahasa (Data Bahasa Mandaling 

(Mandaling Language Data)" discusses the existence of illocutionary power in 

speech acts by combining linguistic knowledge with a background in cultural 

knowledge and understanding of the context when speaking. 

 Then Rahadini, A.A and Suwaro (2014) with the title “Kesantunan 
Berbahasa dalam Interaksi Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa di SMP N I Banyumas” 
discuss the form of language politeness of teachers and students in Javanese 
language learning interactions at SMP N 1 Banyumas which is seen from the 
contents of the speech of teachers and students who adhere to the principles of 
wisdom, the principles of formality-tepa selira, the principles of respect and 
humility-andhap asor. 
 Research using other language politeness was conducted by Alviah, Iin 
(2014) with the title “Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Tuturan Novel Para Priyayi 
Karya Umar Kayam”. In her research, she discusses the types of illocutionary 
speech acts, and the characteristics of the speech used to create language 
politeness. 
 From the results of previous study before, they generally discuss about 
politeness which is used to review programs on television, internet, novels, e-
mails, as well as in occupations such as teachers, students, students university, 
lecturers, sellers, and buyers. From the previous study, it helped researchers to get 
the opportunity to take research on politeness but using different object that is in a 
television program, namely a talk show. 
 This study has similarities with previous studies, that is about language 
politeness. The difference is in the object of research, and also this study does not 
discuss the whole speech act, but this research focuses on politeness strategies 
using Brown Levinson's theory (1987: 94). 
 The object chosen in this study was the Talk Show "Satu Jam Lebih Dekat 
(SJLD) on TV One". The SJLD talk show was chosen as the object of research 
because: the SJLD talk show program provided many inspirations to the audience 
which discusses about human interest, family, career, hobbies, and their personal 
life. 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

20 
 

  About the theme of this talk show, This talk show has a narrower theme. 
This program only focuses on discussing one character in depth to touch his 
humanist side. The humanist side raised is reflected in the difficult career struggles 
of the speakers and many challenges of them. And the most important is we can  
gain valuable lessons from all the history of its figures. 
 In this study, the researchers focused on the speeches between the 
presenter, interviewees, and mystery guest with the sources from a number of 
ministers in our country.  
 The number of ministers appointed in this study were (1) Dr. Rizal Ramly, 
Minister of Maritime Affairs broadcast on January 1, 2016, (2) Retno Marsudi, 
Minister of Foreign Affairs aired on January 8, 2016, (3) Tjahjo Kumolo, Minister of 
Home Affairs aired on February 12, 2016, (4) Dr. Yuddy Crisnadi, M.S Minister of 
Apparatus and State Apparatus Empowerment broadcast on February 19, 2016, 
and (5) Khofifah Indar Parawansa, Minister of Social Affairs broadcast on May 3, 
2016. 
 This research is a research related to the use of language as 
communication between the presenter, interviewees or motivator and mystery 
guest. This study uses pragmatic theory as an overview because in the 
conversation between the presenter, interviewees and mystery guest, there are 
many language relationships with the external elements of language as a 
characteristic of pragmatics. It is as stated by Searle (1976: 16) that the production 
or expenditure of a sentence under certain conditions is a speech act, and speech 
act is the minimum linguistic unit of communication, the speech act is the most 
important thing in pragmatic studies. 
 Futhermore, this research uses politeness strategies  performed in Satu 
Jam Lebih Dekat talk show with some reasons, (1) a person's politeness is judged 
by his ability to explore the potential of his language and its properly and correctly 
( 2) polite language will facilitate the delivery of messages in communication and 
(3) language that is less polite can hurt the feelings of others so it often creates 
new conflicts in communication. 
 Politeness here is associated with the concept of "face" which is followed 
by various politeness strategies that aim to minimize the threat of the face, which 
is better known as the FTA or the Face Threatening Act (Brown Levinson, 1987: 
68). This theory is famous with the four politeness strategies, namely (1) direct 
politeness (bald on record), (2) negative politeness, (3) positive politeness, and (4) 
indirect politeness or off record (Brown Levinson, 1987 : 68). This politeness 
strategies by Brown Levinson, is expected to be able to support the effectiveness of 
Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TV One. 
METHODS 

This research uses descriptive qualitative with the aim of case study 

(Subroto, 1992: 7). It means the researcher records carefully and takes the data in 

the form of words, sentences, discourses, pictures or photos, diaries, memoranda, 

videos and types. The purpose of this research is to understand and describe 

cultural phenomena that are hidden or little known to people (Santosa, 2014: 27).  



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

21 
 

 This research also uses pragmatic. It means, this study is based on 
reactions or responses from the interlocutor or listeners (Subroto, 1992: 61). The 
data sources of this research is taken from oral data sources in the form of 
speeches between presenters, interviewees and mistery guest which contain of 
directive speech acts and their politeness strategies whichs airs on January until 
May 2016. 
 In addition, this study also uses purposive sampling technique based on 
certain considerations in accordance with the objectives. The purposive sampling 
here is based on criteria, including: (1) Host, (2) Resource persons or interviewees, 
(3) Mistery guest who interacts directly with the speakers, and (4) politeness 
strategies in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show, on January to May 2016. The method 
of this data collection is inductive. It means that the data is collected one by one 
then it will be analyzed (Santosa, 2014: 29). The data that is collected gradually 
will become large and adjusted for the purposes of this study 
 And the last, for the data analysis uses contextual analysis method. 
According to Rahardi (2005: 16), the contextual analysis method is a method of 
analysis that is applied to the data by basing, calculating, and relating the identity 
of the existing of that contexts. 
 

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 

 Politeness is closely related to the concept of 'face' or in English it is called 

the concept of a face. The concept of face or face refers to the opinion of Goffman 

quoted by Brown & Levinson (1987: 61) that the face is the self-image, reputation, 

or self-esteem of someone who is emotionally emotional by someone. That face can 

be lost, it can be preserved or saved, increased and must be uprooted.  

 The politeness strategy in this research has important thing as  way of the 

speaker to make his speech polite and appreciated. In this regard, the following is a 

discussion of politeness strategies of illocutionary speech act in Satu Jam Lebih 

Dekat talk show on TV One. 

Table 1: The Politeness Strategy of Satu Jam  

Lebih Dekat Talk Show 

No Politeness Strategies Amount Percentage 

1.  Bald on record  20  2,2% 

2.  Positive Politeness-attend to hearer  8  0,9% 

3.  Positive Politeness-intensify interest  50  5,4% 

4.  Positive Politeness-use group identify 98  10,6% 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

22 
 

marker  

5.  Positive Politeness-seek agreement  389  42% 

6.  Positive Politeness-avoid disagreement  37  4% 

7.  
Positive Politeness-assert speaker’s 

knowledge  
23  2,5% 

8.  
Positive Politeness-include both speaker 

and hearer in activity 
15  1,6% 

9.  Positive Politeness-give or ask reasons  109  11,7% 

10.  Positive Politeness-give gifts  13  1,4% 

11.  
Negative Politeness-be conventionally 

indirect  
3  0,3% 

12.  Negative Politeness-question, hedge  1  0,1% 

13.  Negative Politeness-give deference  19  2% 

14.  

Negative Politeness-impersonalize 

speaker and 

hearer 

1  0,1% 

15.  Off record-give hints  89  9,6% 

16.  Off record-give association clues  53  5,7% 

Total  928  100% 
 

 

Table 1 shows the realization of politeness strategy of directive speech act in Satu 

Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show. The most frequent of politeness strategy used in Satu 

Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show is Positive Politeness-seek agreement. The data 

analysis based on the classification of table 1 as follow: 

 

The Realization of Politeness Strategy 

a) Direct Politeness (Bald On-record) 

Direct strategy is a strategy of politeness that is used when the speaker’s 

wishes to do face threatening act in maximum efficiency exceeds the hearer’s 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

23 
 

desire (Brown and Levinson, 1987: 94- 95). The data indicate a direct politeness 

strategies (Bald On-record) can be seen in the following data. 

(1) The context of the speech: 

The conversation took place between Indy Rahmawati (host) and Tjahyo 

Kumolo (speakers). Indy Rahmawati asks where a place to put his guitar? 

Then Mr Tjahyo Kumolo ordered to put the guitar near his seat. 

 

Forms of speech: 

Indy Rahmawati : Okay, it was already mention some group 
including Koes plus group. Can I put that guitar? 
Where I should go? 153) 

Tjahyo Kumolo : Put it there! (154) 
Indy Rahmawati : Put it okey 

(154/SJLD-TK/ TTD type-commanding /12 Februari 2016) 

 

In the conversation number (154) there is a direct politeness strategy (bald 

on record). Direct politeness strategy used to refer to the speaker’s wishes to do 

face threatening act in maximum efficiency exceeds the hearer’s desire. It is deliver 

by Mr Tjahyo Kumolo with the sentences "Put it there!". It is as the lingual marker 

of their politeness strategies (bald on record). 

b) Positive Politeness-use group identify marker 

Positive politeness is directly aimed at the hearer’s positive face (Brown 

and Levinson, 1987:101). The data indicate a positive politeness-use group identify 

marker can be seen in the following data.  

(2) Context of speech: 

The conversation took place between Indy Rahmawati (host) with Rizal 

Ramli (speakers). Indy Rahmawati shows enclosed photo. Indy asks Mr. 

Rizal to guess whose picture and how the stories happened. 

Forms of speech: 

Indy 
Rahmawati 

: There should be seen Mr, on this view. (046) This 
is a picture guest it! (047) 

Indy 
Rahmawati 

: look back if can’t seen! (050) already imagine in 
your mind Sir? (051) 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

24 
 

(046/SJLD-RR/TTD type asking/1 Januari 2016) 

(051/SJLD-RR/TTD type asking/1 Januari 2016) 

 

In conversation the data (051) are positive Politeness -using a marker of 

group identity. This shows that the hearer desire of politeness regarded as 

something that is also wanted by the speaker, what is desired by the hearer is also 

something to be desired by the speakers. It is showen in the speech data is (051) 

submitted by Indy Rahmawati "already imagine Mr? (051). The word 'sir' is a 

marker of group identity of married man. This speech included in TTD type 

'asking'.  

c) Positive Politeness –seek agreement  

Positive politeness is aimed at the hearer positive face (Brown and 

Levinson, 1987: 101). The data indicate a positive politeness-use group identify 

marker can be seen in the following data. 

(3)The context of speech: The conversation took place between Indy 

Rahmawati (host) with Tjahyo Kumolo (speakers) and also Yon Koeswoyo. 

Indy Rahmawati inquire and praised the meeting with idol is like a dream. 

 

Forms of speech: 

Indy Rahmawati : Back to Mr Tjahyo this meeting like a dream or 
not? (169) just said before that this meeting just 
like a dream, this meeting like a dream? (170) 

Tjahyo Kumolo : last time I hunt for tickets 
Indy Rahmawati : And watch the idol, right? (171) 
Tjahyo Kumolo : until Histora at the last time 

(169/SJLD-TK/TTD type-asking/12 Februari 2016) 

(171/SJLD-TK/TTD type-asking/12 Februari 2016) 

Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistic, Vol. 7 No 1, 1 July 2 

In conversation the data (169) and (171) are positive Politeness -looking 

approval. This shows that the desire of hearer regarded as something that is also 

wanted by the speaker. It is delivered by Indy Rahmawati "and watch the idol, 

right? (171)”. Its speech became a lingual marker of positive politeness strategy - 

seeking approval. The word “right?” is a marker of seeking approval. This speech 

includes TTD type-asking. 

 

 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

25 
 

d) Positive Politeness-Ask Reason 

Positive politeness is directly aimed at the positive hearer face (Brown and 

Levinson, 1987:101). The data indicate the positive politeness strategy ask the 

reason can be seen in the following data. 

(4) The context of speech: 

The conversation took place between Indy Rahmawati (host) with Tjahyo 

Kumolo (speakers). Indy Rahmawati ask about the tiger statues. Then Indy 

asked about who is waiting and keeping the statues. Indy also ask why the 

number of statue should be five. 

Forms of speech: 

Indy Rahmawati : On the back is also still there, get into the middle 
of the room there's a tiger, tiger statues. (130) Is 
there a story Mr Tjahyo Kumolo? (131) 

Tjahyo Kumolo : Well if the tiger was indeed from the process I put 
some historic objects treasure together. 

Indy Rahmawati : Then, who keep this thing? Who is? (132) 
Tjahyo Kumolo : Waiting for what it meant? (135) 
Indy Rahmawati : Awaiting these things meant. 
Indy Rahmawati : Why should even 5? (139) 
Tjahyo Kumolo : Just five only 

(132/SJLD-TK/TTD type-asking/12 Februari 2016) 

(135/SJLD-TK/TTD type-asking/12 Februari 2016) 

 

In conversation the data (132) and data (135) contained Positive Politeness 

leave questions or ask for a reason. This politeness shows that the desire of 

speakers to provide questions or ask forreasons to hearer. It is delivered by Indy 

Rahmawati "then, who keep this thing? Who is? (132) (132)". Conversations 

(132) these speakers provide questions to the hearer with the aim to provide 

advice indirectly to the hearer. Suggestions in question are to find a place to store 

these statues. Suggestions indirect form of the question is what a form of positive 

politeness is. The data (135) as submitted by Indy Rahmawati is "Why should even 

5?" This speech also contains the intention of seeking reasons as well as providing 

advice indirectly. Utterances (132) and (135) included in the TTD type-'ask'. 

In this talk show, the speakers fulfill politeness strategies by implementing 

these strategies. The form of strategic markers of positive politeness such as the 

word “wow surprise”. It means, the speakers pay the attention to the 

preferences.Then, the form of positive politeness strategy -group identity marker 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

26 
 

is shown by using the word “sir, mom, friend”. A marker for positive politeness 

strategies-seeking approval is by using the word “no?, yes?, right?”. Then, the form 

of positive politeness strategy marker - avoids disagreement by using the word 

“may”. They also use the word “we” to mark the lingual marker of positive 

politeness strategies-involving speech partners in activities. And the lingual 

marker of negative politeness strategies – by using hedging sentences the word “I 

think”. 

This talk show also contains motivation, advice, and invitations. So, the use 

of politeness stratey is very necessary in this conversation, in order to make 

comfortable in communication, conveying information, motivation, advice or life 

teachings.  

 The use of this politeness strategy will make this talk show effective, they 
will minimize face threats and will protect each other's faces. Speakers also can 
extract information from interviewees without any compulsion due to the use of 
this politeness strategy. Therefore, this politeness strategy is able to support the 
effectiveness of the Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TV One. 

 

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION 

Based on the data classification and analysis, the politeness strategy in the 

directive speech act of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show are bald on record, positive 

politenessattend to hearer his interest, wants, needs, and goods, positive 

politeness intensify interest to hearer, positive politeness-use in group identity 

markers, positive politeness-seek agreement, positive politeness-avoid 

disagreement, positive politeness-assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge and 

concern for hearer’s want, positive politeness-include both speaker and hearer in 

the activity, positive politeness-give or ask for reasons, positive politeness-give 

gifts to hearer, negative politeness-be conventionally indirect, negative politeness-

question, hedge, negative politeness-give deference, negative politeness-

impersonalize speaker and hearer, off record-give hints, and negative politeness 

give association clues. The most dominant use of politeness strategy is positive 

politeness-asking an agreement.  

The politeness of directive speech acts supports the effectiveness of talk 

show because of some factors which is influence such as sub-directive speech act 

to please, to request, to ask, to order, to invite, to forbid, convincing, to obligate, to 

show, to give, to hope, to want, to warn, to advise, to request, and to permit. The 

other factor is the use of some politeness strategies which minimalize face 

threatening act. The use of sub-directive speech act, politeness principle, and 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

27 
 

politeness strategies support the effectiveness of talk show from the receiver, the 

content, the time, media, form, source, cognitive, affective and conative effect. 

Some limitations for this study related to the topic discussed in this article 

are as follow: (1) this article only focuses on the use of politeness strategies. Thus, 

for the future study, it can study the speech act as a whole aspect, (2). This 

research studies the speech act of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show from pragmatic 

point of view. In the future, it is suggested that it can be studied by focusing on its 

style of language. 

 

REFERENCES 

Brown, P., dan Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness Some Universals in Language Usage. 

Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 

Fotouhi, F., dan Ziyaei, F. (2015). The Role of Politeness Strategies in Writing Emails. 

Iran: Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Scieces, vol. 5, no. 1, hlm 

5294-5298. 

Gil, J.M. (2012). Face-Threatening Speech Act and Face-Invading Speech Act: An 

Interpretation of Politeness Phenomena. Argentina: International Journal of 

Linguistics, vol. 4, no.2, hlm 400-411. 

Grice, H.P. (1989). Studies in The Way of Words. England: Harvard University Press. 

Gunarwan, Asim. (2007). Implikatur dan Kesantunan Berbahasa: Tindak Tutur dan 

Kesantunan Berbahasa: Beberapa Tilikan Sandiwara Ludruk dalam Yassir 

Nasanius (Peny). PELLBA 18. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Bahasa Dan Buadya Unika 

Atma Jaya. 

Leech, Geoffrey. (2011). Prinsip-Prinsip Pragmatik (Terjemahan oleh M.D.D Oka). 

Jakarta: UI Press. 

_____________. (2015). Prinsip-Prinsip Pragmatik (Terjemahan oleh M.D.D Oka). 

Jakarta: UI Press. 

Mahsun. (2012). Metode Penelitian Bahasa. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. 

Moleong, Lexy J. 2015. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja 

Rosdakarya. 

Rahardi, Kunjana. (2005). Pragmatik: Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia. 

Jakarta: Erlangga 



ELTALL (English language teaching, applied linguistics 

and Literature) 

Vol. 2 No. 1, 2021  
Available online at https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/eltall 

 

 

 

28 
 

_______________ .(2009). Sosiopragmatik Kajian Imperatif dalam Wadah Sosiokultural 

dan Konteks Situasionalnya. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. 

Santosa, Riyadi. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kebahasaan. Surakarta: 

Universitas Sebelas Maret 

Searle, J.R. (1969). Speech Act An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: 

Cambridge University Press. 

__________. (1985). Foundations of Illocutionary Logic. Cambridge: Cambridge 

University Press. 

Spradley, James P. (2007). Metodologi Etnografi. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana 

Sudaryanto. (1993). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa: Pengantar 

Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan Secara Linguistik. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana 

University Press. 

Sulaiman, M., dan Khoshaba, L. (2016). Speech Act as a Basic of Understanding 

Dialogue Coherence with Reference to Engish-Arabic Translation. Macedonia: 

International Jurnal of Social Science and Humanities, vol. 1, no. 1, hlm 68-98 

Timberg, Bernard. (2004). Television A History of The TV Talk show. USA: University 

of Texas Press 

Tripp, S.E., Guo, J., dan Lampert, M. (1990). Politeness and Persuasion in Children’s 

Control Acts. North-Holland: Journal of Pragmatic, vol. 14, hlm 307-331. 

Yule, George. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press 

Yuliana, R., Rohmadi, M., dan Suhita, R. (2013). Daya Pragmatik Tindak Tutur 

Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah 

Pertama, Basastra: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan 

Pengajaranya, vol. 2, no. 1, hlm 1-14. 

Zhao, Y., dan Throssell, P. (2011). Speech Act Theory and Its Application to EFL 

Teaching in China. Tasmania: The International Journal-Language Society and 

Culture, issue. 32, hlm 88-95. 

 

 

 

 


