id sid tid token lemma pos emaj-35 1 1 microsoft microsoft PROPN emaj-35 1 2 word word PROPN emaj-35 1 3 emaj1sorhun emaj1sorhun PROPN emaj-35 1 4 1 1 NUM emaj-35 1 5 - - SYM emaj-35 1 6 12 12 NUM emaj-35 1 7 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 1 8 1).docx 1).docx NUM emaj-35 1 9     SPACE emaj-35 1 10 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 1 11 3 3 NUM emaj-35 1 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 1 13 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 1 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 1 15 | | ADV emaj-35 1 16 issn issn VERB emaj-35 1 17 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 1 18 - - SYM emaj-35 1 19 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 1 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 1 21 online online NOUN emaj-35 1 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 1 23 | | ADV emaj-35 1 24 doi doi X emaj-35 1 25 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 1 26 / / SYM emaj-35 1 27 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 1 28 | | NOUN emaj-35 1 29 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu PROPN emaj-35 1 30 does do VERB emaj-35 1 31 eu eu NOUN emaj-35 1 32 - - NOUN emaj-35 1 33 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 1 34 change change NOUN emaj-35 1 35 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 1 36 process process NOUN emaj-35 1 37 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 2 1 the the DET emaj-35 2 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 2 3 of of ADP emaj-35 2 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 2 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 2 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 2 7 on on ADP emaj-35 2 8 the the DET emaj-35 2 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 2 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 2 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 2 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 2 13 of of ADP emaj-35 2 14 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 2 15 engin engin PROPN emaj-35 2 16 sorhun sorhun PROPN emaj-35 2 17 bureau bureau PROPN emaj-35 2 18 of of ADP emaj-35 2 19 theoretical theoretical ADJ emaj-35 2 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 2 21 applied apply VERB emaj-35 2 22 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 2 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 2 24 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 2 25 beta beta ADJ emaj-35 2 26 – – PUNCT emaj-35 2 27 theme theme NOUN emaj-35 2 28 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 2 29 university university NOUN emaj-35 2 30 of of ADP emaj-35 2 31 strasbourg strasbourg PROPN emaj-35 2 32 , , PUNCT emaj-35 2 33 france france PROPN emaj-35 2 34 , , PUNCT emaj-35 2 35 | | ADV emaj-35 2 36 e e NOUN emaj-35 2 37 - - NOUN emaj-35 2 38 mail mail NOUN emaj-35 2 39 : : PUNCT emaj-35 2 40 sorhun@unistra.fr sorhun@unistra.fr PROPN emaj-35 2 41 abstract abstract ADJ emaj-35 2 42 this this DET emaj-35 2 43 paper paper NOUN emaj-35 2 44 aims aim VERB emaj-35 2 45 to to PART emaj-35 2 46 reveal reveal VERB emaj-35 2 47 the the DET emaj-35 2 48 eventual eventual ADJ emaj-35 2 49 impacts impact NOUN emaj-35 2 50 of of ADP emaj-35 2 51 european european PROPN emaj-35 2 52 union union PROPN emaj-35 2 53 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 2 54 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 2 55 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 2 56 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 2 57 process process NOUN emaj-35 2 58 and and CCONJ emaj-35 2 59 other other ADJ emaj-35 2 60 conventional conventional ADJ emaj-35 2 61 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 2 62 on on ADP emaj-35 2 63 the the DET emaj-35 2 64 city city NOUN emaj-35 2 65 - - PUNCT emaj-35 2 66 size size NOUN emaj-35 2 67 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 2 68 of of ADP emaj-35 2 69 a a DET emaj-35 2 70 candidate candidate NOUN emaj-35 2 71 country country NOUN emaj-35 2 72 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 2 73 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 2 74 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 2 75 . . PUNCT emaj-35 3 1 i i PRON emaj-35 3 2 can can AUX emaj-35 3 3 state state VERB emaj-35 3 4 main main ADJ emaj-35 3 5 results result NOUN emaj-35 3 6 as as SCONJ emaj-35 3 7 follows follow VERB emaj-35 3 8 : : PUNCT emaj-35 3 9 analyzing analyze VERB emaj-35 3 10 from from ADP emaj-35 3 11 different different ADJ emaj-35 3 12 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 3 13 methods method NOUN emaj-35 3 14 the the DET emaj-35 3 15 direct direct ADJ emaj-35 3 16 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 3 17 of of ADP emaj-35 3 18 the the DET emaj-35 3 19 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 3 20 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 3 21 on on ADP emaj-35 3 22 agglomerating agglomerate VERB emaj-35 3 23 forces force NOUN emaj-35 3 24 rather rather ADV emaj-35 3 25 than than ADP emaj-35 3 26 congesting congest VERB emaj-35 3 27 forces force NOUN emaj-35 3 28 are be AUX emaj-35 3 29 revealed reveal VERB emaj-35 3 30 to to PART emaj-35 3 31 be be AUX emaj-35 3 32 dominant dominant ADJ emaj-35 3 33 for for ADP emaj-35 3 34 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 3 35 . . PUNCT emaj-35 4 1 however however ADV emaj-35 4 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 4 3 the the DET emaj-35 4 4 main main ADJ emaj-35 4 5 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 4 6 of of ADP emaj-35 4 7 the the DET emaj-35 4 8 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 4 9 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 4 10 process process NOUN emaj-35 4 11 has have VERB emaj-35 4 12 positive positive ADJ emaj-35 4 13 but but CCONJ emaj-35 4 14 modest modest ADJ emaj-35 4 15 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 4 16 that that PRON emaj-35 4 17 indicate indicate VERB emaj-35 4 18 the the DET emaj-35 4 19 weak weak ADJ emaj-35 4 20 willingness willingness NOUN emaj-35 4 21 of of ADP emaj-35 4 22 the the DET emaj-35 4 23 country country NOUN emaj-35 4 24 for for ADP emaj-35 4 25 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 4 26 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 4 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 5 1 keywords keyword NOUN emaj-35 5 2 : : PUNCT emaj-35 5 3 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 5 4 itegration itegration NOUN emaj-35 5 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 5 6 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 5 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 5 8 city city NOUN emaj-35 5 9 - - PUNCT emaj-35 5 10 size size NOUN emaj-35 5 11 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 5 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 5 13 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 5 14 , , PUNCT emaj-35 5 15 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 5 16 . . PUNCT emaj-35 6 1 jel jel PROPN emaj-35 6 2 classification classification PROPN emaj-35 6 3 : : PUNCT emaj-35 6 4 f15 f15 PROPN emaj-35 6 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 6 6 f22 f22 NOUN emaj-35 6 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 6 8 r12 r12 NOUN emaj-35 6 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 6 10 r23 r23 NOUN emaj-35 6 11 this this DET emaj-35 6 12 work work NOUN emaj-35 6 13 is be AUX emaj-35 6 14 licensed license VERB emaj-35 6 15 under under ADP emaj-35 6 16 a a DET emaj-35 6 17 creative creative ADJ emaj-35 6 18 commons common NOUN emaj-35 6 19 attribution attribution NOUN emaj-35 6 20 - - PUNCT emaj-35 6 21 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ emaj-35 6 22 - - PUNCT emaj-35 6 23 no no NOUN emaj-35 6 24 derivative derivative NOUN emaj-35 6 25 works work VERB emaj-35 6 26 3.0 3.0 NUM emaj-35 6 27 united united ADJ emaj-35 6 28 states states PROPN emaj-35 6 29 license license NOUN emaj-35 6 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 7 1 this this DET emaj-35 7 2 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 7 3 is be AUX emaj-35 7 4 published publish VERB emaj-35 7 5 by by ADP emaj-35 7 6 the the DET emaj-35 7 7 university university NOUN emaj-35 7 8 library library NOUN emaj-35 7 9 system system NOUN emaj-35 7 10 of of ADP emaj-35 7 11 the the DET emaj-35 7 12 university university PROPN emaj-35 7 13 of of ADP emaj-35 7 14 pittsburgh pittsburgh PROPN emaj-35 7 15 as as ADP emaj-35 7 16 part part NOUN emaj-35 7 17 of of ADP emaj-35 7 18 its its PRON emaj-35 7 19 d d NOUN emaj-35 7 20 - - PUNCT emaj-35 7 21 scribe scribe VERB emaj-35 7 22 digital digital ADJ emaj-35 7 23 publishing publishing NOUN emaj-35 7 24 program program NOUN emaj-35 7 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 7 26 and and CCONJ emaj-35 7 27 is be AUX emaj-35 7 28 cosponsored cosponsor VERB emaj-35 7 29 by by ADP emaj-35 7 30 the the DET emaj-35 7 31 university university PROPN emaj-35 7 32 of of ADP emaj-35 7 33 pittsburgh pittsburgh PROPN emaj-35 7 34 press press NOUN emaj-35 7 35 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 7 36 3 3 NUM emaj-35 7 37 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 7 38 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 7 39 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 7 40 | | ADV emaj-35 7 41 issn issn VERB emaj-35 7 42 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 7 43 - - SYM emaj-35 7 44 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 7 45 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 7 46 online online NOUN emaj-35 7 47 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 8 1 | | ADV emaj-35 8 2 doi doi X emaj-35 8 3 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 8 4 / / SYM emaj-35 8 5 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 8 6 | | NOUN emaj-35 8 7 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu NOUN emaj-35 8 8     SPACE emaj-35 8 9 does do VERB emaj-35 8 10 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 8 11 - - NOUN emaj-35 8 12 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 8 13 change change NOUN emaj-35 8 14 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 8 15 process process NOUN emaj-35 8 16 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 9 1 the the DET emaj-35 9 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 9 3 of of ADP emaj-35 9 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 9 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 9 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 9 7 on on ADP emaj-35 9 8 the the DET emaj-35 9 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 9 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 9 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 9 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 9 13 of of ADP emaj-35 9 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 9 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 9 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 9 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 9 18 | | ADV emaj-35 9 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 9 20 a a PRON emaj-35 9 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 9 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 9 23 | | ADV emaj-35 9 24 1 1 NUM emaj-35 9 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 9 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 9 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 9 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 9 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 9 30 | | ADV emaj-35 9 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 9 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 9 33 - - SYM emaj-35 9 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 9 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 9 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 9 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 9 38 | | ADV emaj-35 9 39 doi doi X emaj-35 9 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 9 41 / / SYM emaj-35 9 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 9 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 9 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu PROPN emaj-35 9 45 does do VERB emaj-35 9 46 eu eu NOUN emaj-35 9 47 - - NOUN emaj-35 9 48 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 9 49 change change NOUN emaj-35 9 50 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 9 51 process process NOUN emaj-35 9 52 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 10 1 the the DET emaj-35 10 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 10 3 of of ADP emaj-35 10 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 10 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 10 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 10 7 on on ADP emaj-35 10 8 the the DET emaj-35 10 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 10 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 10 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 10 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 10 13 of of ADP emaj-35 10 14 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 10 15 engin engin PROPN emaj-35 10 16 sorhun sorhun PROPN emaj-35 10 17 i.introduction i.introduction NOUN emaj-35 10 18     SPACE emaj-35 10 19 one one NUM emaj-35 10 20 of of ADP emaj-35 10 21 the the DET emaj-35 10 22 powerful powerful ADJ emaj-35 10 23 regularities regularity NOUN emaj-35 10 24 observed observe VERB emaj-35 10 25 in in ADP emaj-35 10 26 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 10 27 - - PUNCT emaj-35 10 28 size size NOUN emaj-35 10 29 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 10 30 of of ADP emaj-35 10 31 cities city NOUN emaj-35 10 32 is be AUX emaj-35 10 33 the the DET emaj-35 10 34 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 10 35 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 10 36 law law NOUN emaj-35 10 37 . . PUNCT emaj-35 11 1 the the DET emaj-35 11 2 law law NOUN emaj-35 11 3 points point VERB emaj-35 11 4 out out ADP emaj-35 11 5 that that SCONJ emaj-35 11 6 there there PRON emaj-35 11 7 is be VERB emaj-35 11 8 a a DET emaj-35 11 9 logarithmic logarithmic ADJ emaj-35 11 10 proportional proportional ADJ emaj-35 11 11 relationship relationship NOUN emaj-35 11 12 between between ADP emaj-35 11 13 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 11 14 and and CCONJ emaj-35 11 15 size size NOUN emaj-35 11 16 of of ADP emaj-35 11 17 cities city NOUN emaj-35 11 18 in in ADP emaj-35 11 19 linear linear PROPN emaj-35 11 20 form form NOUN emaj-35 11 21 . . PUNCT emaj-35 12 1 in in ADP emaj-35 12 2 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 12 3 studies study NOUN emaj-35 12 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 12 5 when when SCONJ emaj-35 12 6 cities city NOUN emaj-35 12 7 are be AUX emaj-35 12 8 ordered order VERB emaj-35 12 9 by by ADP emaj-35 12 10 population population NOUN emaj-35 12 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 12 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 12 13 a a DET emaj-35 12 14 linear linear ADJ emaj-35 12 15 regression regression NOUN emaj-35 12 16 of of ADP emaj-35 12 17 their their PRON emaj-35 12 18 log log NOUN emaj-35 12 19 - - PUNCT emaj-35 12 20 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 12 21 on on ADP emaj-35 12 22 their their PRON emaj-35 12 23 log log NOUN emaj-35 12 24 - - PUNCT emaj-35 12 25 size size NOUN emaj-35 12 26 yields yield VERB emaj-35 12 27 a a DET emaj-35 12 28 very very ADV emaj-35 12 29 high high ADJ emaj-35 12 30 r2 r2 NOUN emaj-35 12 31 and and CCONJ emaj-35 12 32 the the DET emaj-35 12 33 slope slope NOUN emaj-35 12 34 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 12 35 of of ADP emaj-35 12 36 the the DET emaj-35 12 37 log log NOUN emaj-35 12 38 - - PUNCT emaj-35 12 39 size size NOUN emaj-35 12 40 is be AUX emaj-35 12 41 generally generally ADV emaj-35 12 42 found find VERB emaj-35 12 43 to to PART emaj-35 12 44 be be AUX emaj-35 12 45 close close ADJ emaj-35 12 46 to to ADP emaj-35 12 47 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 12 48 . . PUNCT emaj-35 13 1 when when SCONJ emaj-35 13 2 zipf zipf AUX emaj-35 13 3 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 13 4 law law NOUN emaj-35 13 5 holds hold VERB emaj-35 13 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 13 7 the the DET emaj-35 13 8 largest large ADJ emaj-35 13 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 13 10 in in ADP emaj-35 13 11 the the DET emaj-35 13 12 sample sample NOUN emaj-35 13 13 is be AUX emaj-35 13 14 more more ADJ emaj-35 13 15 than than ADP emaj-35 13 16 b b NOUN emaj-35 13 17 times time NOUN emaj-35 13 18 as as ADV emaj-35 13 19 large large ADJ emaj-35 13 20 as as ADP emaj-35 13 21 the the DET emaj-35 13 22 bth bth NOUN emaj-35 13 23 largest large ADJ emaj-35 13 24 city1 city1 NOUN emaj-35 13 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 14 1 as as ADV emaj-35 14 2 well well ADV emaj-35 14 3 as as ADP emaj-35 14 4 its its PRON emaj-35 14 5 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 14 6 side side NOUN emaj-35 14 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 14 8 the the DET emaj-35 14 9 theoretical theoretical ADJ emaj-35 14 10 side side NOUN emaj-35 14 11 of of ADP emaj-35 14 12 the the DET emaj-35 14 13 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 14 14 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 14 15 law law NOUN emaj-35 14 16 is be AUX emaj-35 14 17 open open ADJ emaj-35 14 18 to to ADP emaj-35 14 19 discussion discussion NOUN emaj-35 14 20 . . PUNCT emaj-35 15 1 despite despite SCONJ emaj-35 15 2 the the DET emaj-35 15 3 early early ADJ emaj-35 15 4 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 15 5 discovery discovery NOUN emaj-35 15 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 15 7 the the DET emaj-35 15 8 quest quest NOUN emaj-35 15 9 for for ADP emaj-35 15 10 a a DET emaj-35 15 11 robust robust ADJ emaj-35 15 12 theoretical theoretical ADJ emaj-35 15 13 model model NOUN emaj-35 15 14 to to PART emaj-35 15 15 explain explain VERB emaj-35 15 16 such such DET emaj-35 15 17 an an DET emaj-35 15 18 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 15 19 regularity regularity NOUN emaj-35 15 20 remains remain VERB emaj-35 15 21 elusive elusive ADJ emaj-35 15 22 . . PUNCT emaj-35 16 1 for for ADP emaj-35 16 2 example example NOUN emaj-35 16 3 christaller christaller PROPN emaj-35 16 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 16 5 1933 1933 NUM emaj-35 16 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 16 7 had have AUX emaj-35 16 8 described describe VERB emaj-35 16 9 the the DET emaj-35 16 10 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 16 11 - - PUNCT emaj-35 16 12 size size NOUN emaj-35 16 13 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 16 14 as as ADP emaj-35 16 15 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 16 16 a a DET emaj-35 16 17 most most ADV emaj-35 16 18 incredible incredible ADJ emaj-35 16 19 law law NOUN emaj-35 16 20 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 16 21 which which PRON emaj-35 16 22 was be AUX emaj-35 16 23 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 16 24 nothing nothing PRON emaj-35 16 25 more more ADJ emaj-35 16 26 than than ADP emaj-35 16 27 just just ADV emaj-35 16 28 playing play VERB emaj-35 16 29 with with ADP emaj-35 16 30 numbers number NOUN emaj-35 16 31 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 16 32 . . PUNCT emaj-35 17 1 on on ADP emaj-35 17 2 the the DET emaj-35 17 3 other other ADJ emaj-35 17 4 hand hand NOUN emaj-35 17 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 17 6 getz getz VERB emaj-35 17 7 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 17 8 1979 1979 NUM emaj-35 17 9 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 17 10 further far ADV emaj-35 17 11 claimed claim VERB emaj-35 17 12 that that SCONJ emaj-35 17 13 the the DET emaj-35 17 14 descriptive descriptive ADJ emaj-35 17 15 model model NOUN emaj-35 17 16 of of ADP emaj-35 17 17 the the DET emaj-35 17 18 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 17 19 - - PUNCT emaj-35 17 20 size size NOUN emaj-35 17 21 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 17 22 seems seem VERB emaj-35 17 23 quite quite ADV emaj-35 17 24 founded found VERB emaj-35 17 25 at at ADP emaj-35 17 26 least least ADJ emaj-35 17 27 on on ADP emaj-35 17 28 the the DET emaj-35 17 29 theoretical theoretical ADJ emaj-35 17 30 level level NOUN emaj-35 17 31 . . PUNCT emaj-35 18 1 though though SCONJ emaj-35 18 2 the the DET emaj-35 18 3 criticism criticism NOUN emaj-35 18 4 on on ADP emaj-35 18 5 the the DET emaj-35 18 6 law law NOUN emaj-35 18 7 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 18 8 theoretical theoretical ADJ emaj-35 18 9 inadequacy inadequacy NOUN emaj-35 18 10 had have AUX emaj-35 18 11 long long ADV emaj-35 18 12 lasted last VERB emaj-35 18 13 the the DET emaj-35 18 14 theoretical theoretical ADJ emaj-35 18 15 side side NOUN emaj-35 18 16 is be AUX emaj-35 18 17 recently recently ADV emaj-35 18 18 challenged challenge VERB emaj-35 18 19 by by ADP emaj-35 18 20 mansury mansury NOUN emaj-35 18 21 and and CCONJ emaj-35 18 22 gulyas gulyas NOUN emaj-35 18 23 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 18 24 2006 2006 NUM emaj-35 18 25 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 18 26 with with ADP emaj-35 18 27 the the DET emaj-35 18 28 agent agent NOUN emaj-35 18 29 - - PUNCT emaj-35 18 30 based base VERB emaj-35 18 31 approach approach NOUN emaj-35 18 32 , , PUNCT emaj-35 18 33 by by ADP emaj-35 18 34 krugman krugman PROPN emaj-35 18 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 18 36 1996 1996 NUM emaj-35 18 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 18 38 with with ADP emaj-35 18 39 the the DET emaj-35 18 40 scale scale NOUN emaj-35 18 41 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 18 42 based base VERB emaj-35 18 43 model model NOUN emaj-35 18 44 , , PUNCT emaj-35 18 45 by by ADP emaj-35 18 46 page page NOUN emaj-35 18 47 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 18 48 1999 1999 NUM emaj-35 18 49 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 18 50 with with ADP emaj-35 18 51 the the DET emaj-35 18 52 spatial spatial ADJ emaj-35 18 53 computational computational ADJ emaj-35 18 54 model model NOUN emaj-35 18 55 , , PUNCT emaj-35 18 56 and and CCONJ emaj-35 18 57 by by ADP emaj-35 18 58 brakman brakman PROPN emaj-35 18 59 et et PROPN emaj-35 18 60 all all PRON emaj-35 18 61 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 18 62 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 18 63 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 18 64 with with ADP emaj-35 18 65 the the DET emaj-35 18 66 congestion congestion NOUN emaj-35 18 67 model model NOUN emaj-35 18 68 . . PUNCT emaj-35 19 1 however however ADV emaj-35 19 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 19 3 this this DET emaj-35 19 4 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 19 5 report report NOUN emaj-35 19 6 is be AUX emaj-35 19 7 completed complete VERB emaj-35 19 8 by by ADP emaj-35 19 9 a a DET emaj-35 19 10 functional functional ADJ emaj-35 19 11 specialization specialization NOUN emaj-35 19 12 at at ADP emaj-35 19 13 the the DET emaj-35 19 14 various various ADJ emaj-35 19 15 levels level NOUN emaj-35 19 16 of of ADP emaj-35 19 17 the the DET emaj-35 19 18 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 19 19 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN emaj-35 19 20 due due ADP emaj-35 19 21 to to ADP emaj-35 19 22 the the DET emaj-35 19 23 indispensable indispensable ADJ emaj-35 19 24 linkage linkage NOUN emaj-35 19 25 between between ADP emaj-35 19 26 geographical geographical ADJ emaj-35 19 27 regularity regularity NOUN emaj-35 19 28 and and CCONJ emaj-35 19 29 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 19 30 logic logic NOUN emaj-35 19 31 . . PUNCT emaj-35 20 1 the the DET emaj-35 20 2 hierarchies hierarchy NOUN emaj-35 20 3 of of ADP emaj-35 20 4 the the DET emaj-35 20 5 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 20 6 networks network NOUN emaj-35 20 7 are be AUX emaj-35 20 8 apparently apparently ADV emaj-35 20 9 very very ADV emaj-35 20 10 stable stable ADJ emaj-35 20 11 in in ADP emaj-35 20 12 time time NOUN emaj-35 20 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 21 1 however however ADV emaj-35 21 2 it it PRON emaj-35 21 3 does do AUX emaj-35 21 4 not not PART emaj-35 21 5 necessarily necessarily ADV emaj-35 21 6 correspond correspond VERB emaj-35 21 7 to to ADP emaj-35 21 8 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN emaj-35 21 9 . . PUNCT emaj-35 22 1 but but CCONJ emaj-35 22 2 it it PRON emaj-35 22 3 is be AUX emaj-35 22 4 a a DET emaj-35 22 5 dynamic dynamic ADJ emaj-35 22 6 processes process NOUN emaj-35 22 7 impelled impel VERB emaj-35 22 8 in in ADP emaj-35 22 9 the the DET emaj-35 22 10 past past NOUN emaj-35 22 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 23 1 it it PRON emaj-35 23 2 is be AUX emaj-35 23 3 known know VERB emaj-35 23 4 since since SCONJ emaj-35 23 5 christaller christaller PROPN emaj-35 23 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 23 7 1933 1933 NUM emaj-35 23 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 23 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 23 10 lösch lösch PROPN emaj-35 23 11 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 23 12 1940 1940 NUM emaj-35 23 13 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 23 14 that that SCONJ emaj-35 23 15 a a DET emaj-35 23 16 balanced balanced ADJ emaj-35 23 17 space space NOUN emaj-35 23 18 must must AUX emaj-35 23 19 comprise comprise VERB emaj-35 23 20 various various ADJ emaj-35 23 21 categories category NOUN emaj-35 23 22 of of ADP emaj-35 23 23 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 23 24 : : PUNCT emaj-35 23 25 the the DET emaj-35 23 26 small small ADJ emaj-35 23 27 cities city NOUN emaj-35 23 28 are be AUX emaj-35 23 29 used use VERB emaj-35 23 30 as as ADP emaj-35 23 31 interface interface NOUN emaj-35 23 32 between between ADP emaj-35 23 33 the the DET emaj-35 23 34 rural rural ADJ emaj-35 23 35 world world NOUN emaj-35 23 36 and and CCONJ emaj-35 23 37 the the DET emaj-35 23 38 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 23 39 world world NOUN emaj-35 23 40 , , PUNCT emaj-35 23 41 the the DET emaj-35 23 42 average average ADJ emaj-35 23 43 cities city NOUN emaj-35 23 44 between between ADP emaj-35 23 45 the the DET emaj-35 23 46 small small ADJ emaj-35 23 47 centers center NOUN emaj-35 23 48 and and CCONJ emaj-35 23 49 the the DET emaj-35 23 50 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 23 51 metropolises metropolis NOUN emaj-35 23 52 , , PUNCT emaj-35 23 53 and and CCONJ emaj-35 23 54 so so ADV emaj-35 23 55 on on ADV emaj-35 23 56 , , PUNCT emaj-35 23 57 the the DET emaj-35 23 58 capitals capital NOUN emaj-35 23 59 offering offer VERB emaj-35 23 60 a a DET emaj-35 23 61 privileged privileged ADJ emaj-35 23 62 connection connection NOUN emaj-35 23 63 with with ADP emaj-35 23 64 the the DET emaj-35 23 65 rest rest NOUN emaj-35 23 66 of of ADP emaj-35 23 67 the the DET emaj-35 23 68 world world NOUN emaj-35 23 69 . . PUNCT emaj-35 24 1 the the DET emaj-35 24 2 sizes size NOUN emaj-35 24 3 of of ADP emaj-35 24 4 the the DET emaj-35 24 5 centers center NOUN emaj-35 24 6 are be AUX emaj-35 24 7 decreasing decrease VERB emaj-35 24 8 according accord VERB emaj-35 24 9 to to ADP emaj-35 24 10 the the DET emaj-35 24 11 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 24 12 which which PRON emaj-35 24 13 they they PRON emaj-35 24 14 occupy occupy VERB emaj-35 24 15 in in ADP emaj-35 24 16 the the DET emaj-35 24 17 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN emaj-35 24 18 but but CCONJ emaj-35 24 19 their their PRON emaj-35 24 20 number number NOUN emaj-35 24 21 is be AUX emaj-35 24 22 multiplied multiply VERB emaj-35 24 23 . . PUNCT emaj-35 25 1 the the DET emaj-35 25 2 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 25 3 population population NOUN emaj-35 25 4 residing reside VERB emaj-35 25 5 in in ADP emaj-35 25 6 the the DET emaj-35 25 7 small small ADJ emaj-35 25 8 cities city NOUN emaj-35 25 9 must must AUX emaj-35 25 10 be be AUX emaj-35 25 11 more more ADV emaj-35 25 12 important important ADJ emaj-35 25 13 than than ADP emaj-35 25 14 that that PRON emaj-35 25 15 of of ADP emaj-35 25 16 the the DET emaj-35 25 17 intermediate intermediate ADJ emaj-35 25 18 cities city NOUN emaj-35 25 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 25 20 the the DET emaj-35 25 21 cumulated cumulated ADJ emaj-35 25 22 manpower manpower NOUN emaj-35 25 23 of of ADP emaj-35 25 24 the the DET emaj-35 25 25 intermediate intermediate ADJ emaj-35 25 26 cities city NOUN emaj-35 25 27 superior superior ADJ emaj-35 25 28 to to ADP emaj-35 25 29 that that PRON emaj-35 25 30 of of ADP emaj-35 25 31 the the DET emaj-35 25 32 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 25 33 cities city NOUN emaj-35 25 34 , , PUNCT emaj-35 25 35 etc etc X emaj-35 25 36 . . X emaj-35 25 37 to to ADP emaj-35 25 38 the the DET emaj-35 25 39 capital capital NOUN emaj-35 25 40 . . PUNCT emaj-35 26 1 it it PRON emaj-35 26 2 is be AUX emaj-35 26 3 known know VERB emaj-35 26 4 since since SCONJ emaj-35 26 5 christaller christaller PROPN emaj-35 26 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 26 7 1933 1933 NUM emaj-35 26 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 26 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 26 10 lösch lösch PROPN emaj-35 26 11 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 26 12 1940 1940 NUM emaj-35 26 13 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 26 14 that that SCONJ emaj-35 26 15 a a DET emaj-35 26 16 balanced balanced ADJ emaj-35 26 17 space space NOUN emaj-35 26 18 must must AUX emaj-35 26 19 comprise comprise VERB emaj-35 26 20 various various ADJ emaj-35 26 21 categories category NOUN emaj-35 26 22 of of ADP emaj-35 26 23 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 26 24 : : PUNCT emaj-35 26 25 the the DET emaj-35 26 26 small small ADJ emaj-35 26 27 cities city NOUN emaj-35 26 28 are be AUX emaj-35 26 29 used use VERB emaj-35 26 30 as as ADP emaj-35 26 31 interface interface NOUN emaj-35 26 32 between between ADP emaj-35 26 33 the the DET emaj-35 26 34 rural rural ADJ emaj-35 26 35 world world NOUN emaj-35 26 36 and and CCONJ emaj-35 26 37 the the DET emaj-35 26 38 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 26 39 world world NOUN emaj-35 26 40 , , PUNCT emaj-35 26 41 the the DET emaj-35 26 42 average average ADJ emaj-35 26 43 cities city NOUN emaj-35 26 44 between between ADP emaj-35 26 45 the the DET emaj-35 26 46 small small ADJ emaj-35 26 47 centers center NOUN emaj-35 26 48 and and CCONJ emaj-35 26 49 the the DET emaj-35 26 50 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 26 51 metropolises metropolis NOUN emaj-35 26 52 , , PUNCT emaj-35 26 53 and and CCONJ emaj-35 26 54 so so ADV emaj-35 26 55 on on ADV emaj-35 26 56 , , PUNCT emaj-35 26 57 the the DET emaj-35 26 58 capitals capital NOUN emaj-35 26 59 offering offer VERB emaj-35 26 60 a a DET emaj-35 26 61 privileged privileged ADJ emaj-35 26 62 connection connection NOUN emaj-35 26 63 with with ADP emaj-35 26 64 the the DET emaj-35 26 65 rest rest NOUN emaj-35 26 66 of of ADP emaj-35 26 67 the the DET emaj-35 26 68 world world NOUN emaj-35 26 69 . . PUNCT emaj-35 27 1 the the DET emaj-35 27 2 sizes size NOUN emaj-35 27 3 of of ADP emaj-35 27 4 the the DET emaj-35 27 5 centers center NOUN emaj-35 27 6 are be AUX emaj-35 27 7 decreasing decrease VERB emaj-35 27 8 according accord VERB emaj-35 27 9 to to ADP emaj-35 27 10 the the DET emaj-35 27 11 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 27 12 which which PRON emaj-35 27 13 they they PRON emaj-35 27 14 occupy occupy VERB emaj-35 27 15 in in ADP emaj-35 27 16 the the DET emaj-35 27 17 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN emaj-35 27 18 but but CCONJ emaj-35 27 19 their their PRON emaj-35 27 20 number number NOUN emaj-35 27 21 is be AUX emaj-35 27 22 multiplied multiply VERB emaj-35 27 23 . . PUNCT emaj-35 28 1 the the DET emaj-35 28 2 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 28 3 population population NOUN emaj-35 28 4 residing reside VERB emaj-35 28 5 in in ADP emaj-35 28 6 the the DET emaj-35 28 7 small small ADJ emaj-35 28 8 cities city NOUN emaj-35 28 9 must must AUX emaj-35 28 10 be be AUX emaj-35 28 11 more more ADV emaj-35 28 12 important important ADJ emaj-35 28 13 than than ADP emaj-35 28 14 that that PRON emaj-35 28 15 of of ADP emaj-35 28 16 the the DET emaj-35 28 17 intermediate intermediate ADJ emaj-35 28 18 cities city NOUN emaj-35 28 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 28 20 the the DET emaj-35 28 21 cumulated cumulated ADJ emaj-35 28 22 manpower manpower NOUN emaj-35 28 23 of of ADP emaj-35 28 24 the the DET emaj-35 28 25 intermediate intermediate ADJ emaj-35 28 26 cities city NOUN emaj-35 28 27 superior superior ADJ emaj-35 28 28 to to ADP emaj-35 28 29 that that PRON emaj-35 28 30 of of ADP emaj-35 28 31 the the DET emaj-35 28 32 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 28 33 cities city NOUN emaj-35 28 34 , , PUNCT emaj-35 28 35 etc etc X emaj-35 28 36 . . X emaj-35 28 37 to to ADP emaj-35 28 38 the the DET emaj-35 28 39 capital.by capital.by PROPN emaj-35 28 40 certain certain ADJ emaj-35 28 41 models model NOUN emaj-35 28 42 of of ADP emaj-35 28 43 geographical geographical ADJ emaj-35 28 44 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 28 45         SPACE emaj-35 28 46 does do VERB emaj-35 28 47 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 28 48 - - NOUN emaj-35 28 49 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 28 50 change change NOUN emaj-35 28 51 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 28 52 process process NOUN emaj-35 28 53 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 29 1 the the DET emaj-35 29 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 29 3 of of ADP emaj-35 29 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 29 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 29 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 29 7 on on ADP emaj-35 29 8 the the DET emaj-35 29 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 29 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 29 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 29 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 29 13 of of ADP emaj-35 29 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 29 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 29 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 29 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 29 18 | | ADV emaj-35 29 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 29 20 a a PRON emaj-35 29 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 29 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 29 23 | | ADV emaj-35 29 24 2 2 NUM emaj-35 29 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 29 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 29 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 29 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 29 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 29 30 | | ADV emaj-35 29 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 29 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 29 33 - - SYM emaj-35 29 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 29 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 29 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 29 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 29 38 | | ADV emaj-35 29 39 doi doi X emaj-35 29 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 29 41 / / SYM emaj-35 29 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 29 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 29 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu PROPN emaj-35 29 45 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 29 46 krugman krugman NOUN emaj-35 29 47 , , PUNCT emaj-35 29 48 1991 1991 NUM emaj-35 29 49 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 29 50 abdel abdel PROPN emaj-35 29 51 - - PUNCT emaj-35 29 52 rahman rahman PROPN emaj-35 29 53 and and CCONJ emaj-35 29 54 wang wang PROPN emaj-35 29 55 , , PUNCT emaj-35 29 56 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 29 57 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 29 58 and and CCONJ emaj-35 29 59 of of ADP emaj-35 29 60 endogenous endogenous ADJ emaj-35 29 61 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 29 62 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 29 63 waltz waltz NOUN emaj-35 29 64 , , PUNCT emaj-35 29 65 1996 1996 NUM emaj-35 29 66 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 29 67 martin martin PROPN emaj-35 29 68 and and CCONJ emaj-35 29 69 ottaviano ottaviano PROPN emaj-35 29 70 , , PUNCT emaj-35 29 71 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 29 72 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 29 73 baldwin baldwin PROPN emaj-35 29 74 , , PUNCT emaj-35 29 75 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 29 76 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 29 77 becomes become VERB emaj-35 29 78 visible visible ADJ emaj-35 29 79 . . PUNCT emaj-35 30 1 on on ADP emaj-35 30 2 the the DET emaj-35 30 3 other other ADJ emaj-35 30 4 a a DET emaj-35 30 5 spatial spatial ADJ emaj-35 30 6 duality duality NOUN emaj-35 30 7 may may AUX emaj-35 30 8 be be AUX emaj-35 30 9 observable observable ADJ emaj-35 30 10 as as ADP emaj-35 30 11 a a DET emaj-35 30 12 result result NOUN emaj-35 30 13 of of ADP emaj-35 30 14 center center ADJ emaj-35 30 15 - - PUNCT emaj-35 30 16 periphery periphery NOUN emaj-35 30 17 logic logic NOUN emaj-35 30 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 31 1 according accord VERB emaj-35 31 2 to to ADP emaj-35 31 3 parr parr X emaj-35 31 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 31 5 1985 1985 NUM emaj-35 31 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 31 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 31 8 the the PRON emaj-35 31 9 more more ADV emaj-35 31 10 the the DET emaj-35 31 11 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 31 12 system system NOUN emaj-35 31 13 is be AUX emaj-35 31 14 established establish VERB emaj-35 31 15 the the PRON emaj-35 31 16 more more ADJ emaj-35 31 17 the the DET emaj-35 31 18 populations population NOUN emaj-35 31 19 tend tend VERB emaj-35 31 20 to to PART emaj-35 31 21 be be AUX emaj-35 31 22 redistributed redistribute VERB emaj-35 31 23 towards towards ADP emaj-35 31 24 the the DET emaj-35 31 25 small small ADJ emaj-35 31 26 and and CCONJ emaj-35 31 27 average average ADJ emaj-35 31 28 cities city NOUN emaj-35 31 29 because because SCONJ emaj-35 31 30 of of ADP emaj-35 31 31 the the DET emaj-35 31 32 negative negative ADJ emaj-35 31 33 effects effect NOUN emaj-35 31 34 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 31 35 pollution pollution NOUN emaj-35 31 36 , , PUNCT emaj-35 31 37 congestion congestion NOUN emaj-35 31 38 , , PUNCT emaj-35 31 39 increase increase NOUN emaj-35 31 40 in in ADP emaj-35 31 41 ground ground NOUN emaj-35 31 42 rents rent NOUN emaj-35 31 43 … … PUNCT emaj-35 31 44 etc etc X emaj-35 31 45 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 31 46 which which PRON emaj-35 31 47 touches touch VERB emaj-35 31 48 the the DET emaj-35 31 49 great great ADJ emaj-35 31 50 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 31 51 . . PUNCT emaj-35 32 1 afterwards afterwards ADV emaj-35 32 2 decentralization decentralization NOUN emaj-35 32 3 takes take VERB emaj-35 32 4 place place NOUN emaj-35 32 5 at at ADP emaj-35 32 6 the the DET emaj-35 32 7 final final ADJ emaj-35 32 8 stages stage NOUN emaj-35 32 9 of of ADP emaj-35 32 10 development development NOUN emaj-35 32 11 when when SCONJ emaj-35 32 12 the the DET emaj-35 32 13 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 32 14 congestion congestion NOUN emaj-35 32 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 32 16 the the DET emaj-35 32 17 improvement improvement NOUN emaj-35 32 18 of of ADP emaj-35 32 19 the the DET emaj-35 32 20 infrastructures infrastructure NOUN emaj-35 32 21 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 32 22 in in ADP emaj-35 32 23 particular particular ADJ emaj-35 32 24 of of ADP emaj-35 32 25 transport transport NOUN emaj-35 32 26 and and CCONJ emaj-35 32 27 communication communication NOUN emaj-35 32 28 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 32 29 lead lead VERB emaj-35 32 30 to to ADP emaj-35 32 31 a a DET emaj-35 32 32 delocalization delocalization NOUN emaj-35 32 33 of of ADP emaj-35 32 34 the the DET emaj-35 32 35 activities activity NOUN emaj-35 32 36 towards towards ADP emaj-35 32 37 periphery periphery NOUN emaj-35 32 38 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 32 39 henderson henderson PROPN emaj-35 32 40 et et PROPN emaj-35 32 41 al al PROPN emaj-35 32 42 , , PUNCT emaj-35 32 43 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 32 44 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 32 45 . . PUNCT emaj-35 33 1 the the DET emaj-35 33 2 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 33 3 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 33 4 - - PUNCT emaj-35 33 5 size size NOUN emaj-35 33 6 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 33 7 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 33 8 gives give VERB emaj-35 33 9 in in ADP emaj-35 33 10 fact fact NOUN emaj-35 33 11 a a DET emaj-35 33 12 synthetic synthetic ADJ emaj-35 33 13 description description NOUN emaj-35 33 14 of of ADP emaj-35 33 15 the the DET emaj-35 33 16 spatial spatial ADJ emaj-35 33 17 organization organization NOUN emaj-35 33 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 34 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 34 2 it it PRON emaj-35 34 3 provides provide VERB emaj-35 34 4 a a DET emaj-35 34 5 modeling modeling NOUN emaj-35 34 6 tool tool NOUN emaj-35 34 7 by by ADP emaj-35 34 8 means mean NOUN emaj-35 34 9 of of ADP emaj-35 34 10 which which PRON emaj-35 34 11 one one PRON emaj-35 34 12 watches watch VERB emaj-35 34 13 the the DET emaj-35 34 14 inter inter ADJ emaj-35 34 15 - - ADJ emaj-35 34 16 temporal temporal ADJ emaj-35 34 17 trend trend NOUN emaj-35 34 18 and and CCONJ emaj-35 34 19 development development NOUN emaj-35 34 20 in in ADP emaj-35 34 21 the the DET emaj-35 34 22 system system NOUN emaj-35 34 23 of of ADP emaj-35 34 24 cities city NOUN emaj-35 34 25 of of ADP emaj-35 34 26 a a DET emaj-35 34 27 country country NOUN emaj-35 34 28 and and CCONJ emaj-35 34 29 compares compare VERB emaj-35 34 30 this this DET emaj-35 34 31 trend trend NOUN emaj-35 34 32 with with ADP emaj-35 34 33 those those PRON emaj-35 34 34 of of ADP emaj-35 34 35 other other ADJ emaj-35 34 36 countries country NOUN emaj-35 34 37 . . PUNCT emaj-35 35 1 as as SCONJ emaj-35 35 2 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 35 3 - - PUNCT emaj-35 35 4 size size NOUN emaj-35 35 5 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 35 6 is be AUX emaj-35 35 7 a a DET emaj-35 35 8 dynamic dynamic ADJ emaj-35 35 9 process process NOUN emaj-35 35 10 fed feed VERB emaj-35 35 11 in in ADP emaj-35 35 12 the the DET emaj-35 35 13 course course NOUN emaj-35 35 14 of of ADP emaj-35 35 15 the the DET emaj-35 35 16 time time NOUN emaj-35 35 17 by by ADP emaj-35 35 18 many many ADJ emaj-35 35 19 geographical geographical ADJ emaj-35 35 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 35 21 social social ADJ emaj-35 35 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 35 23 politic politic ADJ emaj-35 35 24 and and CCONJ emaj-35 35 25 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 35 26 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 35 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 35 28 international international ADJ emaj-35 35 29 or or CCONJ emaj-35 35 30 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 35 31 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 35 32 movements movement NOUN emaj-35 35 33 can can AUX emaj-35 35 34 be be AUX emaj-35 35 35 considered consider VERB emaj-35 35 36 as as ADP emaj-35 35 37 institutions institution NOUN emaj-35 35 38 with with ADP emaj-35 35 39 potential potential NOUN emaj-35 35 40 of of ADP emaj-35 35 41 feeding feed VERB emaj-35 35 42 this this DET emaj-35 35 43 dynamic dynamic ADJ emaj-35 35 44 process process NOUN emaj-35 35 45 . . PUNCT emaj-35 36 1 in in ADP emaj-35 36 2 this this DET emaj-35 36 3 respect respect NOUN emaj-35 36 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 36 5 the the DET emaj-35 36 6 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 36 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 36 8 one one NUM emaj-35 36 9 of of ADP emaj-35 36 10 the the DET emaj-35 36 11 most most ADV emaj-35 36 12 successful successful ADJ emaj-35 36 13 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 36 14 projects project NOUN emaj-35 36 15 , , PUNCT emaj-35 36 16 can can AUX emaj-35 36 17 be be AUX emaj-35 36 18 thought think VERB emaj-35 36 19 to to PART emaj-35 36 20 have have VERB emaj-35 36 21 more more ADJ emaj-35 36 22 or or CCONJ emaj-35 36 23 less less ADJ emaj-35 36 24 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 36 25 on on ADP emaj-35 36 26 the the DET emaj-35 36 27 dynamics dynamic NOUN emaj-35 36 28 in in ADP emaj-35 36 29 the the DET emaj-35 36 30 urbanization urbanization NOUN emaj-35 36 31 trends trend NOUN emaj-35 36 32 and and CCONJ emaj-35 36 33 the the DET emaj-35 36 34 development development NOUN emaj-35 36 35 in in ADP emaj-35 36 36 the the DET emaj-35 36 37 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 36 38 - - PUNCT emaj-35 36 39 size size NOUN emaj-35 36 40 distributions distribution NOUN emaj-35 36 41 of of ADP emaj-35 36 42 its its PRON emaj-35 36 43 member member NOUN emaj-35 36 44 and and CCONJ emaj-35 36 45 candidate candidate NOUN emaj-35 36 46 countries country NOUN emaj-35 36 47 . . PUNCT emaj-35 37 1 this this DET emaj-35 37 2 paper paper NOUN emaj-35 37 3 aims aim VERB emaj-35 37 4 to to PART emaj-35 37 5 empirically empirically ADV emaj-35 37 6 reveal reveal VERB emaj-35 37 7 whether whether SCONJ emaj-35 37 8 or or CCONJ emaj-35 37 9 not not PART emaj-35 37 10 the the DET emaj-35 37 11 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 37 12 with with SCONJ emaj-35 37 13 its its PRON emaj-35 37 14 reform reform NOUN emaj-35 37 15 impulsion impulsion NOUN emaj-35 37 16 has have VERB emaj-35 37 17 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 37 18 on on ADP emaj-35 37 19 the the DET emaj-35 37 20 dynamic dynamic ADJ emaj-35 37 21 city city NOUN emaj-35 37 22 - - PUNCT emaj-35 37 23 size size NOUN emaj-35 37 24 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 37 25 of of ADP emaj-35 37 26 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 37 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 38 1 the the DET emaj-35 38 2 rest rest NOUN emaj-35 38 3 of of ADP emaj-35 38 4 the the DET emaj-35 38 5 paper paper NOUN emaj-35 38 6 is be AUX emaj-35 38 7 organized organize VERB emaj-35 38 8 as as SCONJ emaj-35 38 9 follows follow VERB emaj-35 38 10 : : PUNCT emaj-35 38 11 section section PROPN emaj-35 38 12 ii ii PROPN emaj-35 38 13 presents present VERB emaj-35 38 14 two two NUM emaj-35 38 15 main main ADJ emaj-35 38 16 estimators estimator NOUN emaj-35 38 17 of of ADP emaj-35 38 18 zipf zipf VERB emaj-35 38 19 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 38 20 law law NOUN emaj-35 38 21 and and CCONJ emaj-35 38 22 outlines outline VERB emaj-35 38 23 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 38 24 model model NOUN emaj-35 38 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 39 1 section section NOUN emaj-35 39 2 iii iii PROPN emaj-35 39 3 describes describe VERB emaj-35 39 4 data data PROPN emaj-35 39 5 . . PUNCT emaj-35 40 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 40 2 finally finally ADV emaj-35 40 3 section section VERB emaj-35 40 4 iv iv NUM emaj-35 40 5 presents present VERB emaj-35 40 6 main main ADJ emaj-35 40 7 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 40 8 findings finding NOUN emaj-35 40 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 40 10 conclusion conclusion NOUN emaj-35 40 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 40 12 respectively respectively ADV emaj-35 40 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 41 1 ii.estimators ii.estimator NOUN emaj-35 41 2     SPACE emaj-35 41 3 for for ADP emaj-35 41 4     SPACE emaj-35 41 5 zipf zipf PRON emaj-35 41 6 ’s ’s NOUN emaj-35 41 7     SPACE emaj-35 41 8 law law NOUN emaj-35 41 9     SPACE emaj-35 41 10 a. a. NOUN emaj-35 41 11 pareto pareto NOUN emaj-35 41 12 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 41 13 in in ADP emaj-35 41 14 brief brief NOUN emaj-35 41 15 , , PUNCT emaj-35 41 16 the the DET emaj-35 41 17 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 41 18 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 41 19 law law NOUN emaj-35 41 20 posits posit NOUN emaj-35 41 21 that that SCONJ emaj-35 41 22 if if SCONJ emaj-35 41 23 one one PRON emaj-35 41 24 ranks rank VERB emaj-35 41 25 cities city NOUN emaj-35 41 26 in in ADP emaj-35 41 27 descending descend VERB emaj-35 41 28 order order NOUN emaj-35 41 29 according accord VERB emaj-35 41 30 to to ADP emaj-35 41 31 their their PRON emaj-35 41 32 population population NOUN emaj-35 41 33 size size NOUN emaj-35 41 34 , , PUNCT emaj-35 41 35 and and CCONJ emaj-35 41 36 then then ADV emaj-35 41 37 estimates estimate VERB emaj-35 41 38 the the DET emaj-35 41 39 following follow VERB emaj-35 41 40 equation equation NOUN emaj-35 41 41 : : PUNCT emaj-35 41 42 log log VERB emaj-35 41 43 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 41 44 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 42 1 = = PUNCT emaj-35 42 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 43 1 − − PROPN emaj-35 43 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 44 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 44 2 # # SYM emaj-35 44 3 $ $ NUM emaj-35 44 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 44 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 45 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 45 2 1 1 X emaj-35 45 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 45 4 where where SCONJ emaj-35 45 5 α α NOUN emaj-35 45 6 is be AUX emaj-35 45 7 constant constant ADJ emaj-35 45 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 45 9 mj mj PROPN emaj-35 45 10 is be AUX emaj-35 45 11 the the DET emaj-35 45 12 size size NOUN emaj-35 45 13 of of ADP emaj-35 45 14 city city PROPN emaj-35 45 15 j j PROPN emaj-35 45 16 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 45 17 measured measure VERB emaj-35 45 18 by by ADP emaj-35 45 19 its its PRON emaj-35 45 20 population population NOUN emaj-35 45 21 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 45 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 45 23 and and CCONJ emaj-35 45 24 rj rj PROPN emaj-35 45 25 is be AUX emaj-35 45 26 the the DET emaj-35 45 27 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 45 28 of of ADP emaj-35 45 29 city city PROPN emaj-35 45 30 j j PROPN emaj-35 45 31 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 45 32 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 45 33 1 1 NUM emaj-35 45 34 for for ADP emaj-35 45 35 the the DET emaj-35 45 36 biggest big ADJ emaj-35 45 37 city city NOUN emaj-35 45 38 , , PUNCT emaj-35 45 39 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 45 40 2 2 NUM emaj-35 45 41 for for ADP emaj-35 45 42 the the DET emaj-35 45 43 second second ADJ emaj-35 45 44 biggest big ADJ emaj-35 45 45 city city NOUN emaj-35 45 46 , , PUNCT emaj-35 45 47 etc etc X emaj-35 45 48 . . X emaj-35 45 49 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 45 50 . . PUNCT emaj-35 46 1 in in ADP emaj-35 46 2 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 46 3 research research NOUN emaj-35 46 4 β β X emaj-35 46 5 is be AUX emaj-35 46 6 the the DET emaj-35 46 7 estimated estimate VERB emaj-35 46 8 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 46 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 46 10 giving give VERB emaj-35 46 11 the the DET emaj-35 46 12 slope slope NOUN emaj-35 46 13 of of ADP emaj-35 46 14 the the DET emaj-35 46 15 log log NOUN emaj-35 46 16 - - PUNCT emaj-35 46 17 linear linear NOUN emaj-35 46 18 relationship relationship NOUN emaj-35 46 19 between between ADP emaj-35 46 20 city city NOUN emaj-35 46 21 size size NOUN emaj-35 46 22 and and CCONJ emaj-35 46 23 city city NOUN emaj-35 46 24 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 46 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 47 1 it it PRON emaj-35 47 2 means mean VERB emaj-35 47 3 that that SCONJ emaj-35 47 4 if if SCONJ emaj-35 47 5 and and CCONJ emaj-35 47 6 only only ADV emaj-35 47 7 if if SCONJ emaj-35 47 8 β β X emaj-35 47 9 = = NOUN emaj-35 47 10 1 1 NUM emaj-35 47 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 47 12 the the DET emaj-35 47 13 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 47 14 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 47 15 law law NOUN emaj-35 47 16 holds hold VERB emaj-35 47 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 48 1 if if SCONJ emaj-35 48 2 β β X emaj-35 48 3 is be AUX emaj-35 48 4 smaller small ADJ emaj-35 48 5 than than ADP emaj-35 48 6 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 48 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 48 8 a a DET emaj-35 48 9 more more ADV emaj-35 48 10 even even ADJ emaj-35 48 11 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 48 12 of of ADP emaj-35 48 13 city city NOUN emaj-35 48 14 sizes size NOUN emaj-35 48 15 results result NOUN emaj-35 48 16 than than SCONJ emaj-35 48 17 the the DET emaj-35 48 18 zipf zipf PRON emaj-35 48 19 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 48 20 law law NOUN emaj-35 48 21 predicted predict VERB emaj-35 48 22 . . PUNCT emaj-35 49 1 that that PRON emaj-35 49 2 is be AUX emaj-35 49 3 to to PART emaj-35 49 4 say say VERB emaj-35 49 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 49 6 if if SCONJ emaj-35 49 7 0 0 NOUN emaj-35 49 8 = = NOUN emaj-35 49 9 β β NOUN emaj-35 49 10 all all DET emaj-35 49 11 cities city NOUN emaj-35 49 12 are be AUX emaj-35 49 13 of of ADP emaj-35 49 14 the the DET emaj-35 49 15 same same ADJ emaj-35 49 16 size size NOUN emaj-35 49 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 50 1 if if SCONJ emaj-35 50 2 β β X emaj-35 50 3 is be AUX emaj-35 50 4 larger large ADJ emaj-35 50 5 than than ADP emaj-35 50 6 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 50 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 50 8 the the DET emaj-35 50 9 large large ADJ emaj-35 50 10 cities city NOUN emaj-35 50 11 are be AUX emaj-35 50 12 larger large ADJ emaj-35 50 13 than than ADP emaj-35 50 14 the the DET emaj-35 50 15 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 50 16 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 50 17 law law NOUN emaj-35 50 18 predicted predict VERB emaj-35 50 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 50 20 implying imply VERB emaj-35 50 21 more more ADJ emaj-35 50 22 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 50 23 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 50 24 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 50 25 the the DET emaj-35 50 26 larger large ADJ emaj-35 50 27 city city NOUN emaj-35 50 28 is be AUX emaj-35 50 29 more more ADJ emaj-35 50 30 than than ADP emaj-35 50 31 b b NOUN emaj-35 50 32 times time NOUN emaj-35 50 33 as as ADV emaj-35 50 34 large large ADJ emaj-35 50 35 as as ADP emaj-35 50 36 bth bth NOUN emaj-35 50 37 largest large ADJ emaj-35 50 38 city city NOUN emaj-35 50 39 . . PUNCT emaj-35 51 1 empirically empirically ADV emaj-35 51 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 51 3 if if SCONJ emaj-35 51 4 the the DET emaj-35 51 5 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 51 6 - - PUNCT emaj-35 51 7 size size NOUN emaj-35 51 8 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 51 9 holds hold VERB emaj-35 51 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 51 11 the the DET emaj-35 51 12 question question NOUN emaj-35 51 13 to to PART emaj-35 51 14 pose pose VERB emaj-35 51 15 is be AUX emaj-35 51 16 whether whether SCONJ emaj-35 51 17 β β NOUN emaj-35 51 18 = = NOUN emaj-35 51 19 1 1 NUM emaj-35 51 20 or or CCONJ emaj-35 51 21 not not PART emaj-35 51 22 . . PUNCT emaj-35 52 1 the the DET emaj-35 52 2 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 52 3 validity validity NOUN emaj-35 52 4 of of ADP emaj-35 52 5 zipf zipf VERB emaj-35 52 6 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 52 7 law law NOUN emaj-35 52 8 is be AUX emaj-35 52 9 debated debate VERB emaj-35 52 10 by by ADP emaj-35 52 11 many many ADJ emaj-35 52 12 authors author NOUN emaj-35 52 13 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 52 14 see see VERB emaj-35 52 15 black black ADJ emaj-35 52 16 and and CCONJ emaj-35 52 17 handerson handerson PROPN emaj-35 52 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 52 19 1999 1999 NUM emaj-35 52 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 52 21 2003 2003 NUM emaj-35 52 22 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 52 23 gabaix gabaix NOUN emaj-35 52 24 and and CCONJ emaj-35 52 25 ionnides ionnide NOUN emaj-35 52 26 , , PUNCT emaj-35 52 27 2004 2004 NUM emaj-35 52 28 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 52 29 krugman krugman PROPN emaj-35 52 30 , , PUNCT emaj-35 52 31 1996 1996 NUM emaj-35 52 32 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 52 33 soo soo PROPN emaj-35 52 34 , , PUNCT emaj-35 52 35 2005 2005 NUM emaj-35 52 36 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 52 37 . . PUNCT emaj-35 53 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 53 2 even even ADV emaj-35 53 3 if if SCONJ emaj-35 53 4 they they PRON emaj-35 53 5 have have VERB emaj-35 53 6 different different ADJ emaj-35 53 7 points point NOUN emaj-35 53 8 of of ADP emaj-35 53 9 views view NOUN emaj-35 53 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 53 11 they they PRON emaj-35 53 12 reach reach VERB emaj-35 53 13 a a DET emaj-35 53 14 consensus consensus NOUN emaj-35 53 15 on on ADP emaj-35 53 16 two two NUM emaj-35 53 17 points point NOUN emaj-35 53 18 : : PUNCT emaj-35 53 19 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 53 20 i i NOUN emaj-35 53 21 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 53 22 zipf zipf VERB emaj-35 53 23 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 53 24 law law NOUN emaj-35 53 25 holds hold VERB emaj-35 53 26 proximately proximately ADV emaj-35 53 27 but but CCONJ emaj-35 53 28 not not PART emaj-35 53 29 absolutely absolutely ADV emaj-35 53 30 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 53 31 the the DET emaj-35 53 32 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 53 33 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 53 34 value value NOUN emaj-35 53 35 varies vary VERB emaj-35 53 36 round round ADP emaj-35 53 37 the the DET emaj-35 53 38 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 53 39 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 53 40 , , PUNCT emaj-35 53 41 and and CCONJ emaj-35 53 42 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 53 43 ii ii NOUN emaj-35 53 44 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 53 45 zipf zipf AUX emaj-35 53 46 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 53 47 law law NOUN emaj-35 53 48 changes change NOUN emaj-35 53 49 over over ADP emaj-35 53 50 time2 time2 PROPN emaj-35 53 51 . . PUNCT emaj-35 54 1 the the DET emaj-35 54 2 differences difference NOUN emaj-35 54 3 in in ADP emaj-35 54 4 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 54 5 - - PUNCT emaj-35 54 6 size size NOUN emaj-35 54 7 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 54 8 among among ADP emaj-35 54 9 different different ADJ emaj-35 54 10 countries country NOUN emaj-35 54 11 results result VERB emaj-35 54 12 from from ADP emaj-35 54 13 the the DET emaj-35 54 14 balance balance NOUN emaj-35 54 15 between between ADP emaj-35 54 16 agglomerating agglomerate VERB emaj-35 54 17 forces force NOUN emaj-35 54 18 and and CCONJ emaj-35 54 19 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 54 20 forces force NOUN emaj-35 54 21 which which PRON emaj-35 54 22 depend depend VERB emaj-35 54 23 mostly mostly ADV emaj-35 54 24 on on ADP emaj-35 54 25 the the DET emaj-35 54 26 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 54 27 development development NOUN emaj-35 54 28 stages stage NOUN emaj-35 54 29 in in ADP emaj-35 54 30 which which PRON emaj-35 54 31         SPACE emaj-35 54 32 does do VERB emaj-35 54 33 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 54 34 - - NOUN emaj-35 54 35 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 54 36 change change NOUN emaj-35 54 37 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 54 38 process process NOUN emaj-35 54 39 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 55 1 the the DET emaj-35 55 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 55 3 of of ADP emaj-35 55 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 55 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 55 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 55 7 on on ADP emaj-35 55 8 the the DET emaj-35 55 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 55 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 55 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 55 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 55 13 of of ADP emaj-35 55 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 55 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 55 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 55 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 55 18 | | ADV emaj-35 55 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 55 20 a a DET emaj-35 55 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 55 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 55 23 | | ADV emaj-35 55 24 3 3 NUM emaj-35 55 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 55 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 55 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 55 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 55 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 55 30 | | ADV emaj-35 55 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 55 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 55 33 - - SYM emaj-35 55 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 55 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 55 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 55 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 56 1 | | ADV emaj-35 56 2 doi doi X emaj-35 56 3 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 56 4 / / SYM emaj-35 56 5 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 56 6 | | NOUN emaj-35 56 7 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu NOUN emaj-35 56 8 countries country NOUN emaj-35 56 9 are be AUX emaj-35 56 10 found find VERB emaj-35 56 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 57 1 that that PRON emaj-35 57 2 is be AUX emaj-35 57 3 to to PART emaj-35 57 4 say say VERB emaj-35 57 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 57 6 change change VERB emaj-35 57 7 in in ADP emaj-35 57 8 β β NOUN emaj-35 57 9 value value NOUN emaj-35 57 10 over over ADP emaj-35 57 11 time time NOUN emaj-35 57 12 depends depend VERB emaj-35 57 13 on on ADP emaj-35 57 14 the the DET emaj-35 57 15 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 57 16 as as ADV emaj-35 57 17 well well ADV emaj-35 57 18 as as ADP emaj-35 57 19 social social ADJ emaj-35 57 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 57 21 political political ADJ emaj-35 57 22 parameter parameter NOUN emaj-35 57 23 changes change NOUN emaj-35 57 24 . . PUNCT emaj-35 58 1 following follow VERB emaj-35 58 2 a a DET emaj-35 58 3 progressive progressive ADJ emaj-35 58 4 pattern pattern NOUN emaj-35 58 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 58 6 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 58 7 development development NOUN emaj-35 58 8 begins begin VERB emaj-35 58 9 with with ADP emaj-35 58 10 β β NOUN emaj-35 58 11 well well ADV emaj-35 58 12 below below ADP emaj-35 58 13 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 58 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 59 1 as as SCONJ emaj-35 59 2 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 59 3 develops develop VERB emaj-35 59 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 59 5 β β X emaj-35 59 6 value value NOUN emaj-35 59 7 increases increase NOUN emaj-35 59 8 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 59 9 agglomerating agglomerating NOUN emaj-35 59 10 forces force NOUN emaj-35 59 11 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 59 12 . . PUNCT emaj-35 60 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 60 2 when when SCONJ emaj-35 60 3 the the DET emaj-35 60 4 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 60 5 reaches reach VERB emaj-35 60 6 a a DET emaj-35 60 7 certain certain ADJ emaj-35 60 8 maturity maturity NOUN emaj-35 60 9 level level NOUN emaj-35 60 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 60 11 then then ADV emaj-35 60 12 β β X emaj-35 60 13 value value NOUN emaj-35 60 14 starts start VERB emaj-35 60 15 to to PART emaj-35 60 16 decrease decrease VERB emaj-35 60 17 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 60 18 congestion congestion NOUN emaj-35 60 19 or or CCONJ emaj-35 60 20 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 60 21 forces)3 forces)3 NUM emaj-35 60 22 . . PUNCT emaj-35 60 23 a. a. PROPN emaj-35 60 24 hill hill PROPN emaj-35 60 25 estimator estimator PROPN emaj-35 60 26 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 60 27 of of ADP emaj-35 60 28 the the DET emaj-35 60 29 β β PROPN emaj-35 60 30 values value NOUN emaj-35 60 31 by by ADP emaj-35 60 32 many many ADJ emaj-35 60 33 authors author NOUN emaj-35 60 34 diverge diverge VERB emaj-35 60 35 according accord VERB emaj-35 60 36 to to ADP emaj-35 60 37 whether whether SCONJ emaj-35 60 38 they they PRON emaj-35 60 39 use use VERB emaj-35 60 40 the the DET emaj-35 60 41 method method NOUN emaj-35 60 42 of of ADP emaj-35 60 43 least least ADJ emaj-35 60 44 squares square NOUN emaj-35 60 45 ordinary ordinary ADJ emaj-35 60 46 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 60 47 ols ol NOUN emaj-35 60 48 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 60 49 or or CCONJ emaj-35 60 50 the the DET emaj-35 60 51 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 60 52 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 60 53 1975 1975 NUM emaj-35 60 54 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 60 55 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 60 56 . . PUNCT emaj-35 61 1 gabaix gabaix PROPN emaj-35 61 2 and and CCONJ emaj-35 61 3 ioannides ioannide NOUN emaj-35 61 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 61 5 2004 2004 NUM emaj-35 61 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 61 7 show show VERB emaj-35 61 8 that that SCONJ emaj-35 61 9 the the DET emaj-35 61 10 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 61 11 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 61 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 61 13 who who PRON emaj-35 61 14 is be AUX emaj-35 61 15 that that PRON emaj-35 61 16 of of ADP emaj-35 61 17 the the DET emaj-35 61 18 method method NOUN emaj-35 61 19 of of ADP emaj-35 61 20 the the DET emaj-35 61 21 maximum maximum NOUN emaj-35 61 22 of of ADP emaj-35 61 23 probability probability NOUN emaj-35 61 24 , , PUNCT emaj-35 61 25 when when SCONJ emaj-35 61 26 the the DET emaj-35 61 27 zipf zipf ADJ emaj-35 61 28 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 61 29 law law NOUN emaj-35 61 30 is be AUX emaj-35 61 31 checked check VERB emaj-35 61 32 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 61 33 , , PUNCT emaj-35 61 34 for for ADP emaj-35 61 35 a a DET emaj-35 61 36 sample sample NOUN emaj-35 61 37 of of ADP emaj-35 61 38 n n DET emaj-35 61 39 cities city NOUN emaj-35 61 40 with with ADP emaj-35 61 41 sizes size NOUN emaj-35 61 42 nj nj PROPN emaj-35 61 43 mmm mmm INTJ emaj-35 61 44 ≥≥1 ≥≥1 PROPN emaj-35 61 45 is be AUX emaj-35 61 46 equal equal ADJ emaj-35 61 47 to to ADP emaj-35 61 48 : : PUNCT emaj-35 61 49 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 62 1 = = PUNCT emaj-35 62 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 62 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 62 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 63 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 63 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 63 3 " " PUNCT emaj-35 63 4 # # NOUN emaj-35 63 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 63 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 63 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 64 2 # # X emaj-35 64 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 4 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 64 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 8 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 9 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 64 10 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 65 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 65 2 2 2 X emaj-35 65 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 65 4 while while SCONJ emaj-35 65 5 the the DET emaj-35 65 6 standard standard ADJ emaj-35 65 7 error error NOUN emaj-35 65 8 for for ADP emaj-35 65 9 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 65 10 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 65 11     SPACE emaj-35 65 12 is be AUX emaj-35 65 13 given give VERB emaj-35 65 14 by by ADP emaj-35 65 15 the the DET emaj-35 65 16 equation equation NOUN emaj-35 65 17 : : PUNCT emaj-35 65 18 2 2 NUM emaj-35 65 19 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 20 2 2 NUM emaj-35 65 21 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 22 2 2 NUM emaj-35 65 23 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 24 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 25 2 2 NUM emaj-35 65 26 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 27 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 65 28 1(1 1(1 NUM emaj-35 65 29 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 30 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 65 31 ln(ln ln(ln PROPN emaj-35 65 32 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 65 33 1 1 NUM emaj-35 65 34 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 65 35 − − PROPN emaj-35 65 36 ∧ ∧ NOUN emaj-35 65 37 − − NOUN emaj-35 66 1 = = SYM emaj-35 67 1 + + NUM emaj-35 67 2 ∧ ∧ PROPN emaj-35 67 3 − − DET emaj-35 67 4 ⎟⎟ ⎟⎟ PROPN emaj-35 67 5 ⎟ ⎟ PROPN emaj-35 67 6 ⎟ ⎟ PROPN emaj-35 67 7 ⎟ ⎟ NOUN emaj-35 67 8 ⎠ ⎠ NOUN emaj-35 67 9 ⎞ ⎞ X emaj-35 68 1 ⎜⎜ ⎜⎜ PRON emaj-35 68 2 ⎜ ⎜ ADJ emaj-35 68 3 ⎜ ⎜ ADJ emaj-35 68 4 ⎜ ⎜ ADJ emaj-35 68 5 ⎝ ⎝ PUNCT emaj-35 68 6 ⎛ ⎛ NOUN emaj-35 68 7 − − PROPN emaj-35 68 8 − − NOUN emaj-35 68 9 − − PROPN emaj-35 69 1 = = SYM emaj-35 69 2 ∑ ∑ PROPN emaj-35 69 3 n n CCONJ emaj-35 69 4 n n PROPN emaj-35 69 5 mmj mmj NOUN emaj-35 69 6 n n CCONJ emaj-35 69 7 j j PROPN emaj-35 69 8 jj jj PROPN emaj-35 69 9 n n PROPN emaj-35 69 10 ββ ββ PROPN emaj-35 69 11 σ σ PROPN emaj-35 69 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 69 13 3 3 NUM emaj-35 69 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 69 15 if if SCONJ emaj-35 69 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 69 17 1(1 1(1 NUM emaj-35 69 18 ∧∧ ∧∧ PROPN emaj-35 69 19 > > X emaj-35 69 20 β β PROPN emaj-35 69 21 σ σ PROPN emaj-35 69 22 β β X emaj-35 69 23 n n PROPN emaj-35 69 24 , , PUNCT emaj-35 69 25 the the DET emaj-35 69 26 standard standard ADJ emaj-35 69 27 error error NOUN emaj-35 69 28 of of ADP emaj-35 69 29 the the DET emaj-35 69 30 estimate estimate NOUN emaj-35 69 31 of of ADP emaj-35 69 32 β β PROPN emaj-35 69 33 is be AUX emaj-35 69 34 equal equal ADJ emaj-35 69 35 to to ADP emaj-35 69 36 : : PUNCT emaj-35 69 37 2 2 NUM emaj-35 69 38 1 1 NUM emaj-35 69 39 2 2 NUM emaj-35 69 40 1 1 NUM emaj-35 69 41 2 2 NUM emaj-35 69 42 1 1 NUM emaj-35 69 43 1 1 NUM emaj-35 69 44 2 2 NUM emaj-35 69 45 12 12 NUM emaj-35 69 46 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 69 47 1(1 1(1 NUM emaj-35 69 48 1 1 NUM emaj-35 69 49 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 69 50 ln(ln ln(ln PROPN emaj-35 69 51 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 69 52 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 69 53 − − PROPN emaj-35 69 54 ∧ ∧ NOUN emaj-35 69 55 − − PROPN emaj-35 70 1 = = PUNCT emaj-35 71 1 + + PROPN emaj-35 71 2 ∧∧ ∧∧ NOUN emaj-35 71 3 − − X emaj-35 72 1 ⎟⎟ ⎟⎟ PROPN emaj-35 72 2 ⎟ ⎟ PROPN emaj-35 72 3 ⎟ ⎟ PROPN emaj-35 72 4 ⎟ ⎟ NOUN emaj-35 72 5 ⎠ ⎠ NOUN emaj-35 72 6 ⎞ ⎞ X emaj-35 73 1 ⎜⎜ ⎜⎜ PRON emaj-35 73 2 ⎜ ⎜ ADJ emaj-35 73 3 ⎜ ⎜ ADJ emaj-35 73 4 ⎜ ⎜ ADJ emaj-35 73 5 ⎝ ⎝ PUNCT emaj-35 73 6 ⎛ ⎛ NOUN emaj-35 73 7 − − PROPN emaj-35 73 8 − − NOUN emaj-35 73 9 − − PROPN emaj-35 74 1 = = SYM emaj-35 74 2 ∑ ∑ PROPN emaj-35 74 3 n n CCONJ emaj-35 74 4 n n PROPN emaj-35 74 5 mmj mmj NOUN emaj-35 74 6 n n CCONJ emaj-35 74 7 j j PROPN emaj-35 74 8 jj jj PROPN emaj-35 74 9 n n PROPN emaj-35 74 10 β β X emaj-35 74 11 ββσ ββσ X emaj-35 74 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 74 13 4 4 NUM emaj-35 74 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 74 15 according accord VERB emaj-35 74 16 to to ADP emaj-35 74 17 gabaix gabaix NOUN emaj-35 74 18 and and CCONJ emaj-35 74 19 ioannides ioannide NOUN emaj-35 74 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 74 21 2004 2004 NUM emaj-35 74 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 74 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 74 24 the the DET emaj-35 74 25 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 74 26 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 74 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 74 28 being be AUX emaj-35 74 29 more more ADV emaj-35 74 30 robust robust ADJ emaj-35 74 31 , , PUNCT emaj-35 74 32 corresponds correspond VERB emaj-35 74 33 better well ADV emaj-35 74 34 to to ADP emaj-35 74 35 the the DET emaj-35 74 36 low low ADJ emaj-35 74 37 part part NOUN emaj-35 74 38 of of ADP emaj-35 74 39 the the DET emaj-35 74 40 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 74 41 - - PUNCT emaj-35 74 42 size size NOUN emaj-35 74 43 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 74 44 of of ADP emaj-35 74 45 the the DET emaj-35 74 46 cities city NOUN emaj-35 74 47 that that PRON emaj-35 74 48 the the DET emaj-35 74 49 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 74 50 obtained obtain VERB emaj-35 74 51 through through ADP emaj-35 74 52 least least ADJ emaj-35 74 53 squares square NOUN emaj-35 74 54 ordinary ordinary ADJ emaj-35 74 55 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 74 56 ols ol NOUN emaj-35 74 57 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 74 58 . . PUNCT emaj-35 75 1 using use VERB emaj-35 75 2 ols ol NOUN emaj-35 75 3 soo soo PROPN emaj-35 75 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 75 5 2005 2005 NUM emaj-35 75 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 75 7 rejects reject VERB emaj-35 75 8 the the DET emaj-35 75 9 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 75 10 validity validity NOUN emaj-35 75 11 of of ADP emaj-35 75 12 the the DET emaj-35 75 13 law law NOUN emaj-35 75 14 of of ADP emaj-35 75 15 zipf zipf VERB emaj-35 75 16 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 75 17 law law NOUN emaj-35 75 18 for for ADP emaj-35 75 19 73 73 NUM emaj-35 75 20 % % NOUN emaj-35 75 21 of of ADP emaj-35 75 22 the the DET emaj-35 75 23 cases case NOUN emaj-35 75 24 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 75 25 53 53 NUM emaj-35 75 26 of of ADP emaj-35 75 27 73 73 NUM emaj-35 75 28 countries country NOUN emaj-35 75 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 75 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 76 1 this this PRON emaj-35 76 2 supports support VERB emaj-35 76 3 the the DET emaj-35 76 4 results result NOUN emaj-35 76 5 of of ADP emaj-35 76 6 rosen rosen PROPN emaj-35 76 7 and and CCONJ emaj-35 76 8 resnick resnick PROPN emaj-35 76 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 76 10 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 76 11 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 76 12 who who PRON emaj-35 76 13 invalidated invalidate VERB emaj-35 76 14 the the DET emaj-35 76 15 assumption assumption NOUN emaj-35 76 16 that that SCONJ emaj-35 76 17 a a DET emaj-35 76 18 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 76 19 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 76 20 is be AUX emaj-35 76 21 equal equal ADJ emaj-35 76 22 to to ADP emaj-35 76 23 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 76 24 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 76 25 82 82 NUM emaj-35 76 26 % % NOUN emaj-35 76 27 of of ADP emaj-35 76 28 the the DET emaj-35 76 29 cases case NOUN emaj-35 76 30 of of ADP emaj-35 76 31 their their PRON emaj-35 76 32 sample sample NOUN emaj-35 76 33 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 76 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 77 1 however however ADV emaj-35 77 2 through through ADP emaj-35 77 3 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 77 4 estimator estimator PROPN emaj-35 77 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 77 6 invalidation invalidation NOUN emaj-35 77 7 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 77 8 in in ADP emaj-35 77 9 rosen rosen PROPN emaj-35 77 10 and and CCONJ emaj-35 77 11 resnick resnick PROPN emaj-35 77 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 77 13 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 77 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 77 15 is be AUX emaj-35 77 16 reduced reduce VERB emaj-35 77 17 to to ADP emaj-35 77 18 40 40 NUM emaj-35 77 19 % % NOUN emaj-35 77 20 of of ADP emaj-35 77 21 the the DET emaj-35 77 22 cases case NOUN emaj-35 77 23 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 77 24 soo soo NOUN emaj-35 77 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 77 26 2005)4 2005)4 NUM emaj-35 77 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 77 28         SPACE emaj-35 78 1 does do VERB emaj-35 78 2 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 78 3 - - NOUN emaj-35 78 4 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 78 5 change change NOUN emaj-35 78 6 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 78 7 process process NOUN emaj-35 78 8 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 79 1 the the DET emaj-35 79 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 79 3 of of ADP emaj-35 79 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 79 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 79 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 79 7 on on ADP emaj-35 79 8 the the DET emaj-35 79 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 79 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 79 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 79 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 79 13 of of ADP emaj-35 79 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 79 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 79 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 79 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 79 18 | | ADV emaj-35 79 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 79 20 a a PRON emaj-35 79 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 79 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 79 23 | | ADV emaj-35 79 24 4 4 NUM emaj-35 79 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 79 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 79 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 79 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 79 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 79 30 | | ADV emaj-35 79 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 79 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 79 33 - - SYM emaj-35 79 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 79 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 79 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 79 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 80 1 | | ADV emaj-35 80 2 doi doi X emaj-35 80 3 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 80 4 / / SYM emaj-35 80 5 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 80 6 | | NOUN emaj-35 80 7 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu ADV emaj-35 80 8 to to PART emaj-35 80 9 begin begin VERB emaj-35 80 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 80 11 write write VERB emaj-35 80 12 the the DET emaj-35 80 13 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 80 14 model model NOUN emaj-35 80 15 first first ADV emaj-35 80 16 : : PUNCT emaj-35 80 17 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 80 18 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 81 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 81 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 81 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 82 1 = = PUNCT emaj-35 82 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 82 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 83 1 + + CCONJ emaj-35 83 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 83 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 83 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 84 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 84 2 # # X emaj-35 84 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 84 4 " " PUNCT emaj-35 84 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 84 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 84 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 84 8 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 85 1 + + CCONJ emaj-35 85 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 85 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 85 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 86 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 86 2 # # SYM emaj-35 86 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 86 4 # # NUM emaj-35 86 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 86 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 86 7 " " PUNCT emaj-35 87 1 → → PUNCT emaj-35 87 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 87 3 " " PUNCT emaj-35 87 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 87 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 88 1 + + CCONJ emaj-35 88 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 88 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 88 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 89 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 89 2 # # SYM emaj-35 89 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 89 4 # # NUM emaj-35 89 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 89 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 89 7 " " PUNCT emaj-35 90 1 → → PUNCT emaj-35 90 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 90 3 " " PUNCT emaj-35 90 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 90 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 91 1 + + CCONJ emaj-35 91 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 91 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 91 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 92 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 92 2 # # SYM emaj-35 92 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 92 4 # # NUM emaj-35 92 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 92 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 93 1 → → NOUN emaj-35 93 2 ! ! PROPN emaj-35 93 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 93 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 93 5 " " PUNCT emaj-35 93 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 93 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 94 1 + + ADJ emaj-35 94 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 94 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 94 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 95 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 95 2 # # SYM emaj-35 95 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 95 4 # # NUM emaj-35 95 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 95 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 96 1 → → NOUN emaj-35 96 2 ! ! PROPN emaj-35 96 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 96 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 96 5 " " PUNCT emaj-35 96 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 96 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 97 1 + + CCONJ emaj-35 97 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 97 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 97 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 98 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 98 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 98 3 " " PUNCT emaj-35 98 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 98 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 99 1 + + CCONJ emaj-35 99 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 100 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 100 2 5 5 NUM emaj-35 100 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 100 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 101 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 101 2 # # X emaj-35 101 3 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 101 4 " " PUNCT emaj-35 101 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 101 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 101 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 101 8 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 101 9     SPACE emaj-35 101 10 represents represent VERB emaj-35 101 11 average average ADJ emaj-35 101 12 city city NOUN emaj-35 101 13 - - PUNCT emaj-35 101 14 size size NOUN emaj-35 101 15 of of ADP emaj-35 101 16 the the DET emaj-35 101 17 big big ADJ emaj-35 101 18 cities city NOUN emaj-35 101 19 and and CCONJ emaj-35 101 20 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 101 21 for for ADP emaj-35 101 22 which which PRON emaj-35 101 23 criteria criterion NOUN emaj-35 101 24 were be AUX emaj-35 101 25 defined define VERB emaj-35 101 26 in in ADP emaj-35 101 27 the the DET emaj-35 101 28 next next ADJ emaj-35 101 29 section section NOUN emaj-35 101 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 101 31 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 102 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 102 2 # # SYM emaj-35 102 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 102 4 # # NUM emaj-35 102 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 102 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 103 1 → → NOUN emaj-35 103 2 ! ! PROPN emaj-35 103 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 103 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 103 5 " " PUNCT emaj-35 103 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 103 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 103 8 is be AUX emaj-35 103 9 the the DET emaj-35 103 10 number number NOUN emaj-35 103 11 of of ADP emaj-35 103 12 migrant migrant NOUN emaj-35 103 13 from from ADP emaj-35 103 14 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 103 15 cities city NOUN emaj-35 103 16 to to ADP emaj-35 103 17 big big ADJ emaj-35 103 18 cities city NOUN emaj-35 103 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 103 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 103 21 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 104 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 104 2 # # SYM emaj-35 104 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 104 4 # # NUM emaj-35 104 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 104 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 105 1 → → NOUN emaj-35 105 2 ! ! PROPN emaj-35 105 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 105 4 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 105 5 " " PUNCT emaj-35 105 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 105 7 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 105 8     SPACE emaj-35 105 9 from from ADP emaj-35 105 10 big big ADJ emaj-35 105 11 cities city NOUN emaj-35 105 12 to to ADP emaj-35 105 13 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 105 14 cities city NOUN emaj-35 105 15 in in ADP emaj-35 105 16 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 105 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 106 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 106 2 also also ADV emaj-35 106 3 international international ADJ emaj-35 106 4 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 106 5 flows flow NOUN emaj-35 106 6 was be AUX emaj-35 106 7 included include VERB emaj-35 106 8 as as SCONJ emaj-35 106 9 follows follow VERB emaj-35 106 10 : : PUNCT emaj-35 106 11 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 107 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 107 2 # # SYM emaj-35 107 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 107 4 # # NUM emaj-35 107 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 107 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 107 7 " " PUNCT emaj-35 108 1 → → PUNCT emaj-35 108 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 108 3 " " PUNCT emaj-35 108 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 108 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 108 6 represents represent VERB emaj-35 108 7 the the DET emaj-35 108 8 number number NOUN emaj-35 108 9 of of ADP emaj-35 108 10 immigrant immigrant NOUN emaj-35 108 11 from from ADP emaj-35 108 12 the the DET emaj-35 108 13 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 108 14 to to ADP emaj-35 108 15 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 108 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 108 17 and and CCONJ emaj-35 108 18 from from ADP emaj-35 108 19 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 108 20 to to ADP emaj-35 108 21 the the DET emaj-35 108 22 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 108 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 108 24     SPACE emaj-35 108 25 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 109 1 " " PUNCT emaj-35 109 2 # # SYM emaj-35 109 3 $ $ SYM emaj-35 109 4 # # NUM emaj-35 109 5 % % NOUN emaj-35 109 6 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 109 7 " " PUNCT emaj-35 110 1 → → PUNCT emaj-35 110 2 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 110 3 " " PUNCT emaj-35 110 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 110 5 ! ! PUNCT emaj-35 110 6 . . PUNCT emaj-35 111 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 111 2 the the DET emaj-35 111 3 major major ADJ emaj-35 111 4 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 111 5 having have VERB emaj-35 111 6 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 111 7 on on ADP emaj-35 111 8 the the DET emaj-35 111 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 111 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 111 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 111 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 111 13 of of ADP emaj-35 111 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 111 15 are be AUX emaj-35 111 16 presented present VERB emaj-35 111 17 as as SCONJ emaj-35 111 18 follows follow VERB emaj-35 111 19 : : PUNCT emaj-35 111 20 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 111 21 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 111 22 : : PUNCT emaj-35 111 23 variance variance NOUN emaj-35 111 24 in in ADP emaj-35 111 25 average average ADJ emaj-35 111 26 salary salary NOUN emaj-35 111 27 over over ADP emaj-35 111 28 time time NOUN emaj-35 111 29 . . PUNCT emaj-35 112 1 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 112 2 - - PUNCT emaj-35 112 3 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 112 4 : : PUNCT emaj-35 112 5 the the DET emaj-35 112 6 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 112 7 differential differential NOUN emaj-35 112 8 between between ADP emaj-35 112 9 average average ADJ emaj-35 112 10 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 112 11 level level NOUN emaj-35 112 12 of of ADP emaj-35 112 13 the the DET emaj-35 112 14 eu-15 eu-15 NOUN emaj-35 112 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 112 16 that that PRON emaj-35 112 17 of of ADP emaj-35 112 18 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 112 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 113 1 price price NOUN emaj-35 113 2 - - PUNCT emaj-35 113 3 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 113 4 : : PUNCT emaj-35 113 5 the the DET emaj-35 113 6 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 113 7 in in ADP emaj-35 113 8 price price NOUN emaj-35 113 9 level level NOUN emaj-35 113 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 113 11 measured measure VERB emaj-35 113 12 by by ADP emaj-35 113 13 cpi cpi PROPN emaj-35 113 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 113 15 between between ADP emaj-35 113 16 the the DET emaj-35 113 17 eu-15 eu-15 X emaj-35 113 18 average average NOUN emaj-35 113 19 and and CCONJ emaj-35 113 20 that that PRON emaj-35 113 21 of of ADP emaj-35 113 22 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 113 23 . . PUNCT emaj-35 114 1 gdp gdp NOUN emaj-35 114 2 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 114 3 : : PUNCT emaj-35 114 4 gdp gdp NOUN emaj-35 114 5 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 114 6 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 114 7 of of ADP emaj-35 114 8 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 114 9 . . PUNCT emaj-35 115 1 openness openness NOUN emaj-35 115 2 : : PUNCT emaj-35 115 3 measurement measurement NOUN emaj-35 115 4 of of ADP emaj-35 115 5 trade trade NOUN emaj-35 115 6 as as ADP emaj-35 115 7 % % NOUN emaj-35 115 8 of of ADP emaj-35 115 9 gdp gdp NOUN emaj-35 115 10 . . PUNCT emaj-35 116 1 fdi fdi PROPN emaj-35 116 2 : : PUNCT emaj-35 116 3 yearly yearly ADJ emaj-35 116 4 foreign foreign ADJ emaj-35 116 5 direct direct ADJ emaj-35 116 6 investment investment NOUN emaj-35 116 7 flows flow NOUN emaj-35 116 8 of of ADP emaj-35 116 9 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 116 10 in in ADP emaj-35 116 11 % % NOUN emaj-35 116 12 of of ADP emaj-35 116 13 gdp gdp PROPN emaj-35 116 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 117 1 pop pop NOUN emaj-35 117 2 - - PUNCT emaj-35 117 3 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 117 4 : : PUNCT emaj-35 117 5 population population NOUN emaj-35 117 6 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 117 7 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 117 8 of of ADP emaj-35 117 9 countries country NOUN emaj-35 117 10 . . PUNCT emaj-35 118 1 basically basically ADV emaj-35 118 2 this this PRON emaj-35 118 3 signifies signify VERB emaj-35 118 4 that that SCONJ emaj-35 118 5 city city NOUN emaj-35 118 6 - - PUNCT emaj-35 118 7 size size NOUN emaj-35 118 8 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 118 9 measured measure VERB emaj-35 118 10 through through ADP emaj-35 118 11 β β NOUN emaj-35 118 12 value value NOUN emaj-35 118 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 14 of of ADP emaj-35 118 15 country country NOUN emaj-35 118 16 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 118 17 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 118 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 19 tr tr VERB emaj-35 118 20 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 118 21 at at ADP emaj-35 118 22 time time NOUN emaj-35 118 23 t t PROPN emaj-35 118 24 depends depend VERB emaj-35 118 25 on on ADP emaj-35 118 26 city city NOUN emaj-35 118 27 - - PUNCT emaj-35 118 28 size size NOUN emaj-35 118 29 at at ADP emaj-35 118 30 time time NOUN emaj-35 118 31 1−t 1−t NUM emaj-35 118 32 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 33 population population NOUN emaj-35 118 34 flows flow VERB emaj-35 118 35 from from ADP emaj-35 118 36 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 118 37 cities city NOUN emaj-35 118 38 to to ADP emaj-35 118 39 big big ADJ emaj-35 118 40 cities city NOUN emaj-35 118 41 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 42 from from ADP emaj-35 118 43 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 118 44 cities city NOUN emaj-35 118 45 to to ADP emaj-35 118 46 abroad abroad ADV emaj-35 118 47 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 48 from from ADP emaj-35 118 49 big big ADJ emaj-35 118 50 cities city NOUN emaj-35 118 51 to to ADP emaj-35 118 52 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 118 53 cities city NOUN emaj-35 118 54 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 55 from from ADP emaj-35 118 56 big big ADJ emaj-35 118 57 cities city NOUN emaj-35 118 58 to to PART emaj-35 118 59 abroad abroad ADV emaj-35 118 60 at at ADP emaj-35 118 61 time time NOUN emaj-35 118 62 t t PROPN emaj-35 118 63 , , PUNCT emaj-35 118 64 and and CCONJ emaj-35 118 65 also also ADV emaj-35 118 66 on on ADP emaj-35 118 67 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 118 68 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 118 69 process process NOUN emaj-35 118 70 . . PUNCT emaj-35 119 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 119 2 in in ADP emaj-35 119 3 order order NOUN emaj-35 119 4 to to PART emaj-35 119 5 evaluate evaluate VERB emaj-35 119 6 the the DET emaj-35 119 7 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 119 8 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 119 9 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 119 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 119 11 or or CCONJ emaj-35 119 12 more more ADV emaj-35 119 13 clearly clearly ADV emaj-35 119 14 the the DET emaj-35 119 15 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 119 16 of of ADP emaj-35 119 17 the the DET emaj-35 119 18 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 119 19 realized realize VERB emaj-35 119 20 in in ADP emaj-35 119 21 the the DET emaj-35 119 22 path path NOUN emaj-35 119 23 of of ADP emaj-35 119 24 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 119 25 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 119 26 on on ADP emaj-35 119 27 city city NOUN emaj-35 119 28 - - PUNCT emaj-35 119 29 size size NOUN emaj-35 119 30 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 119 31 , , PUNCT emaj-35 119 32 i i PRON emaj-35 119 33 used use VERB emaj-35 119 34 an an DET emaj-35 119 35 overarching overarching ADJ emaj-35 119 36 index index NOUN emaj-35 119 37 that that PRON emaj-35 119 38 is be AUX emaj-35 119 39 composed compose VERB emaj-35 119 40 of of ADP emaj-35 119 41 42 42 NUM emaj-35 119 42 partial partial ADJ emaj-35 119 43 indicators indicator NOUN emaj-35 119 44 selected select VERB emaj-35 119 45 by by ADP emaj-35 119 46 the the DET emaj-35 119 47 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 119 48 councils council NOUN emaj-35 119 49 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 119 50 structural structural ADJ emaj-35 119 51 indicators indicator NOUN emaj-35 119 52 of of ADP emaj-35 119 53 european european ADJ emaj-35 119 54 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 119 55 reformsieer reformsieer NOUN emaj-35 119 56 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 119 57 for for ADP emaj-35 119 58 monitoring monitor VERB emaj-35 119 59 former former ADJ emaj-35 119 60 , , PUNCT emaj-35 119 61 new new ADJ emaj-35 119 62 members member NOUN emaj-35 119 63 and and CCONJ emaj-35 119 64 candidate candidate NOUN emaj-35 119 65 countries country NOUN emaj-35 119 66 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 119 67 see see VERB emaj-35 119 68 table table NOUN emaj-35 119 69 1 1 NUM emaj-35 119 70 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 119 71 . . PUNCT emaj-35 120 1 using use VERB emaj-35 120 2 the the DET emaj-35 120 3 sieer sieer NOUN emaj-35 120 4 indicators indicator NOUN emaj-35 120 5 i i PRON emaj-35 120 6 developed develop VERB emaj-35 120 7 the the DET emaj-35 120 8 global global ADJ emaj-35 120 9 structural structural ADJ emaj-35 120 10 indicator indicator NOUN emaj-35 120 11 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 120 12 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 120 13 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 120 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 121 1 what what PRON emaj-35 121 2 does do AUX emaj-35 121 3 such such DET emaj-35 121 4 an an DET emaj-35 121 5 indicator indicator NOUN emaj-35 121 6 serve serve NOUN emaj-35 121 7 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 122 1 using use VERB emaj-35 122 2 it it PRON emaj-35 122 3 one one PRON emaj-35 122 4 can can AUX emaj-35 122 5 reveal reveal VERB emaj-35 122 6 to to ADP emaj-35 122 7 what what DET emaj-35 122 8 extent extent NOUN emaj-35 122 9 a a DET emaj-35 122 10 country country NOUN emaj-35 122 11 converges converge VERB emaj-35 122 12 to to ADP emaj-35 122 13 the the DET emaj-35 122 14 eu-15 eu-15 NOUN emaj-35 122 15 average average NOUN emaj-35 122 16 . . PUNCT emaj-35 123 1 it it PRON emaj-35 123 2 is be AUX emaj-35 123 3 expected expect VERB emaj-35 123 4 that that SCONJ emaj-35 123 5 the the PRON emaj-35 123 6 more more ADV emaj-35 123 7 an an DET emaj-35 123 8 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 123 9 realizes realize VERB emaj-35 123 10 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 123 11 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 123 12 in in ADP emaj-35 123 13 the the DET emaj-35 123 14 way way NOUN emaj-35 123 15 of of ADP emaj-35 123 16 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 123 17 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 123 18 process process NOUN emaj-35 123 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 123 20 the the PRON emaj-35 123 21 more more ADV emaj-35 123 22 its its PRON emaj-35 123 23 β β X emaj-35 123 24 -value -value X emaj-35 123 25 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 123 26 or or CCONJ emaj-35 123 27 city city NOUN emaj-35 123 28 - - PUNCT emaj-35 123 29 size size NOUN emaj-35 123 30 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 123 31 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 123 32 is be AUX emaj-35 123 33 subject subject ADJ emaj-35 123 34 to to ADP emaj-35 123 35 deep deep ADJ emaj-35 123 36 change change NOUN emaj-35 123 37 over over ADP emaj-35 123 38 time time NOUN emaj-35 123 39 . . PUNCT emaj-35 124 1 the the DET emaj-35 124 2 question question NOUN emaj-35 124 3 is be AUX emaj-35 124 4 whether whether SCONJ emaj-35 124 5 or or CCONJ emaj-35 124 6 not not PART emaj-35 124 7 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 124 8 process process NOUN emaj-35 124 9 accelerates accelerate VERB emaj-35 124 10 agglomerating agglomerate VERB emaj-35 124 11 forces force NOUN emaj-35 124 12 rather rather ADV emaj-35 124 13 than than ADP emaj-35 124 14 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 124 15 forces force NOUN emaj-35 124 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 124 17 or or CCONJ emaj-35 124 18 vice vice NOUN emaj-35 124 19 versa versa ADV emaj-35 124 20 . . PUNCT emaj-35 125 1 though though SCONJ emaj-35 125 2 agglomerating agglomerating NOUN emaj-35 125 3 forces force NOUN emaj-35 125 4 are be AUX emaj-35 125 5 actually actually ADV emaj-35 125 6 powerful powerful ADJ emaj-35 125 7 within within ADP emaj-35 125 8 most most ADJ emaj-35 125 9 of of ADP emaj-35 125 10 the the DET emaj-35 125 11 eu-15 eu-15 NUM emaj-35 125 12 countries country NOUN emaj-35 125 13 enter enter VERB emaj-35 125 14 more more ADV emaj-35 125 15 or or CCONJ emaj-35 125 16 less less ADJ emaj-35 125 17 under under ADP emaj-35 125 18 the the DET emaj-35 125 19 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 125 20 of of ADP emaj-35 125 21 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 125 22 forces force NOUN emaj-35 125 23 thus thus ADV emaj-35 125 24 one one NUM emaj-35 125 25 can can AUX emaj-35 125 26 think think VERB emaj-35 125 27 that that DET emaj-35 125 28 convergence convergence NOUN emaj-35 125 29 to to ADP emaj-35 125 30 the the DET emaj-35 125 31 eu-15 eu-15 NUM emaj-35 125 32 threshold threshold NOUN emaj-35 125 33 is be AUX emaj-35 125 34 a a DET emaj-35 125 35 sign sign NOUN emaj-35 125 36 of of ADP emaj-35 125 37 activation activation NOUN emaj-35 125 38 of of ADP emaj-35 125 39 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 125 40 forces force NOUN emaj-35 125 41 in in ADP emaj-35 125 42 a a DET emaj-35 125 43 member member NOUN emaj-35 125 44 or or CCONJ emaj-35 125 45 accessing access VERB emaj-35 125 46 country country NOUN emaj-35 125 47 . . PUNCT emaj-35 126 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV emaj-35 126 2 considering consider VERB emaj-35 126 3 their their PRON emaj-35 126 4 development development NOUN emaj-35 126 5 stages stage NOUN emaj-35 126 6 it it PRON emaj-35 126 7 would would AUX emaj-35 126 8 be be AUX emaj-35 126 9 more more ADV emaj-35 126 10 reasonable reasonable ADJ emaj-35 126 11 to to PART emaj-35 126 12 expect expect VERB emaj-35 126 13 that that SCONJ emaj-35 126 14 at at ADP emaj-35 126 15 the the DET emaj-35 126 16 beginning beginning NOUN emaj-35 126 17 of of ADP emaj-35 126 18 the the DET emaj-35 126 19 convergence convergence NOUN emaj-35 126 20 with with ADP emaj-35 126 21 the the DET emaj-35 126 22 eu-15 eu-15 ADJ emaj-35 126 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 126 24 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 126 25 process process NOUN emaj-35 126 26 marked mark VERB emaj-35 126 27 by by ADP emaj-35 126 28 a a DET emaj-35 126 29 set set NOUN emaj-35 126 30 of of ADP emaj-35 126 31 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 126 32 will will AUX emaj-35 126 33 enhance enhance VERB emaj-35 126 34 β β PROPN emaj-35 126 35 -value -value PROPN emaj-35 126 36 . . PUNCT emaj-35 127 1 following follow VERB emaj-35 127 2 an an DET emaj-35 127 3 explanation explanation NOUN emaj-35 127 4 about about ADP emaj-35 127 5 the the DET emaj-35 127 6 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 127 7 this this DET emaj-35 127 8 prediction prediction NOUN emaj-35 127 9 will will AUX emaj-35 127 10 be be AUX emaj-35 127 11 subsequently subsequently ADV emaj-35 127 12 tested test VERB emaj-35 127 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 127 14         SPACE emaj-35 128 1 does do VERB emaj-35 128 2 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 128 3 - - NOUN emaj-35 128 4 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 128 5 change change NOUN emaj-35 128 6 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 128 7 process process NOUN emaj-35 128 8 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 129 1 the the DET emaj-35 129 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 129 3 of of ADP emaj-35 129 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 129 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 129 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 129 7 on on ADP emaj-35 129 8 the the DET emaj-35 129 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 129 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 129 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 129 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 129 13 of of ADP emaj-35 129 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 129 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 129 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 129 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 129 18 | | ADV emaj-35 129 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 129 20 a a DET emaj-35 129 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 129 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 129 23 | | ADV emaj-35 129 24 5 5 NUM emaj-35 129 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 129 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 129 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 129 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 129 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 129 30 | | ADV emaj-35 129 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 129 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 129 33 - - SYM emaj-35 129 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 129 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 129 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 129 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 129 38 | | ADV emaj-35 129 39 doi doi X emaj-35 129 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 129 41 / / SYM emaj-35 129 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 129 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 129 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu VERB emaj-35 129 45 in in ADP emaj-35 129 46 addition addition NOUN emaj-35 129 47 to to ADP emaj-35 129 48 conventional conventional ADJ emaj-35 129 49 variables variable NOUN emaj-35 129 50 showing show VERB emaj-35 129 51 the the DET emaj-35 129 52 effects effect NOUN emaj-35 129 53 of of ADP emaj-35 129 54 the the DET emaj-35 129 55 principal principal ADJ emaj-35 129 56 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 129 57 on on ADP emaj-35 129 58 city city NOUN emaj-35 129 59 - - PUNCT emaj-35 129 60 size size NOUN emaj-35 129 61 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 129 62 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 129 63 is be AUX emaj-35 129 64 used use VERB emaj-35 129 65 to to PART emaj-35 129 66 capture capture VERB emaj-35 129 67 the the DET emaj-35 129 68 reform reform NOUN emaj-35 129 69 driven drive VERB emaj-35 129 70 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 129 71 of of ADP emaj-35 129 72 the the DET emaj-35 129 73 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 129 74 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 129 75 process process NOUN emaj-35 129 76 . . PUNCT emaj-35 130 1 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 130 2 deducted deduct VERB emaj-35 130 3 from from ADP emaj-35 130 4 42 42 NUM emaj-35 130 5 partial partial ADJ emaj-35 130 6 take take NOUN emaj-35 130 7 value value NOUN emaj-35 130 8 from from ADP emaj-35 130 9 -1 -1 INTJ emaj-35 130 10 to to ADP emaj-35 130 11 +1 +1 PROPN emaj-35 130 12 . . PROPN emaj-35 130 13 0 0 NUM emaj-35 130 14 means mean VERB emaj-35 130 15 that that SCONJ emaj-35 130 16 country country NOUN emaj-35 130 17 is be AUX emaj-35 130 18 found find VERB emaj-35 130 19 at at ADP emaj-35 130 20 the the DET emaj-35 130 21 average average ADJ emaj-35 130 22 level level NOUN emaj-35 130 23 of of ADP emaj-35 130 24 the the DET emaj-35 130 25 eu-15 eu-15 ADJ emaj-35 130 26 . . PUNCT emaj-35 131 1 if if SCONJ emaj-35 131 2 a a DET emaj-35 131 3 country country NOUN emaj-35 131 4 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 131 5 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 131 6 is be AUX emaj-35 131 7 greater great ADJ emaj-35 131 8 than than ADP emaj-35 131 9 0 0 NUM emaj-35 131 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 131 11 then then ADV emaj-35 131 12 this this DET emaj-35 131 13 country country NOUN emaj-35 131 14 positively positively ADV emaj-35 131 15 exceeds exceed VERB emaj-35 131 16 the the DET emaj-35 131 17 eu-15 eu-15 ADV emaj-35 131 18 average average ADJ emaj-35 131 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 132 1 otherwise otherwise ADV emaj-35 132 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 132 3 country country NOUN emaj-35 132 4 remains remain VERB emaj-35 132 5 behind behind ADP emaj-35 132 6 the the DET emaj-35 132 7 eu-15 eu-15 X emaj-35 132 8 ’s ’s NOUN emaj-35 132 9 average average ADJ emaj-35 132 10 . . PUNCT emaj-35 133 1 integrating integrate VERB emaj-35 133 2 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 133 3 into into ADP emaj-35 133 4 the the DET emaj-35 133 5 estimated estimate VERB emaj-35 133 6 model model NOUN emaj-35 133 7 i i PRON emaj-35 133 8 aim aim VERB emaj-35 133 9 to to PART emaj-35 133 10 reveal reveal VERB emaj-35 133 11 the the DET emaj-35 133 12 direct direct ADJ emaj-35 133 13 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 133 14 of of ADP emaj-35 133 15 the the DET emaj-35 133 16 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 133 17 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 133 18 process process NOUN emaj-35 133 19 through through ADP emaj-35 133 20 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 133 21 on on ADP emaj-35 133 22 the the DET emaj-35 133 23 dynamic dynamic ADJ emaj-35 133 24 city city NOUN emaj-35 133 25 - - PUNCT emaj-35 133 26 size size NOUN emaj-35 133 27 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 133 28 of of ADP emaj-35 133 29 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 133 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 134 1 as as ADP emaj-35 134 2 for for ADP emaj-35 134 3 econometric econometric ADJ emaj-35 134 4 side side NOUN emaj-35 134 5 using use VERB emaj-35 134 6 time time NOUN emaj-35 134 7 series series PROPN emaj-35 134 8 data data NOUN emaj-35 134 9 arrangement arrangement NOUN emaj-35 134 10 will will AUX emaj-35 134 11 be be AUX emaj-35 134 12 more more ADV emaj-35 134 13 appropriate appropriate ADJ emaj-35 134 14 to to ADP emaj-35 134 15 the the DET emaj-35 134 16 case case NOUN emaj-35 134 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 135 1 iii iii X emaj-35 135 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 135 3     SPACE emaj-35 136 1 data datum NOUN emaj-35 136 2         SPACE emaj-35 136 3 two two NUM emaj-35 136 4 city city NOUN emaj-35 136 5 definitions definition NOUN emaj-35 136 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 136 7 city city NOUN emaj-35 136 8 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 136 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 136 10 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 136 11 definitions5 definitions5 PRON emaj-35 136 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 136 13 and and CCONJ emaj-35 136 14 calculation calculation NOUN emaj-35 136 15 method method NOUN emaj-35 136 16 of of ADP emaj-35 136 17 β β X emaj-35 136 18 value value NOUN emaj-35 136 19 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 136 20 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 136 21 and and CCONJ emaj-35 136 22 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 136 23 estimators estimator NOUN emaj-35 136 24 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 136 25 are be AUX emaj-35 136 26 used use VERB emaj-35 136 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 137 1 i i PRON emaj-35 137 2 use use VERB emaj-35 137 3 the the DET emaj-35 137 4 city city NOUN emaj-35 137 5 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 137 6 definition definition NOUN emaj-35 137 7 and and CCONJ emaj-35 137 8 the the DET emaj-35 137 9 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 137 10 definition definition NOUN emaj-35 137 11 with with ADP emaj-35 137 12 the the DET emaj-35 137 13 threshold threshold NOUN emaj-35 137 14 of of ADP emaj-35 137 15 more more ADJ emaj-35 137 16 than than ADP emaj-35 137 17 1.000.000 1.000.000 NUM emaj-35 137 18 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN emaj-35 137 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 138 1 according accord VERB emaj-35 138 2 to to ADP emaj-35 138 3 this this DET emaj-35 138 4 demarcation demarcation NOUN emaj-35 138 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 138 6 there there PRON emaj-35 138 7 are be VERB emaj-35 138 8 18 18 NUM emaj-35 138 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 138 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 138 11 proper proper ADV emaj-35 138 12 - - PUNCT emaj-35 138 13 defined define VERB emaj-35 138 14 cities city NOUN emaj-35 138 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 138 16 9 9 NUM emaj-35 138 17 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 138 18 in in ADP emaj-35 138 19 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 138 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 138 21 see see VERB emaj-35 138 22 table table NOUN emaj-35 138 23 2 2 NUM emaj-35 138 24 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 138 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 139 1 however however ADV emaj-35 139 2 it it PRON emaj-35 139 3 implicitly implicitly ADV emaj-35 139 4 suggests suggest VERB emaj-35 139 5 that that SCONJ emaj-35 139 6 the the DET emaj-35 139 7 uneven uneven ADJ emaj-35 139 8 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 139 9 of of ADP emaj-35 139 10 large large ADJ emaj-35 139 11 scale scale NOUN emaj-35 139 12 areas area NOUN emaj-35 139 13 and and CCONJ emaj-35 139 14 small small ADJ emaj-35 139 15 scale scale NOUN emaj-35 139 16 areas area NOUN emaj-35 139 17 leads lead VERB emaj-35 139 18 to to ADP emaj-35 139 19 migration migration NOUN emaj-35 139 20 flows flow NOUN emaj-35 139 21 between between ADP emaj-35 139 22 regions region NOUN emaj-35 139 23 with with ADP emaj-35 139 24 more more ADJ emaj-35 139 25 than than ADP emaj-35 139 26 1.000.000 1.000.000 NUM emaj-35 139 27 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN emaj-35 139 28 and and CCONJ emaj-35 139 29 regions region NOUN emaj-35 139 30 less less ADJ emaj-35 139 31 than than ADP emaj-35 139 32 1.000.000 1.000.000 NUM emaj-35 139 33 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN emaj-35 139 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 140 1 full full ADJ emaj-35 140 2 data datum NOUN emaj-35 140 3 set set VERB emaj-35 140 4 with with ADP emaj-35 140 5 time time NOUN emaj-35 140 6 series series PROPN emaj-35 140 7 cover cover VERB emaj-35 140 8 the the DET emaj-35 140 9 period period NOUN emaj-35 140 10 between between ADP emaj-35 140 11 1985 1985 NUM emaj-35 140 12 and and CCONJ emaj-35 140 13 2010 2010 NUM emaj-35 140 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 141 1 data datum NOUN emaj-35 141 2 shortage shortage NOUN emaj-35 141 3 limits limit VERB emaj-35 141 4 time time NOUN emaj-35 141 5 length length NOUN emaj-35 141 6 of of ADP emaj-35 141 7 the the DET emaj-35 141 8 study study NOUN emaj-35 141 9 . . PUNCT emaj-35 142 1 as as ADP emaj-35 142 2 for for ADP emaj-35 142 3 dynamic dynamic ADJ emaj-35 142 4 change change NOUN emaj-35 142 5 in in ADP emaj-35 142 6 city city NOUN emaj-35 142 7 - - PUNCT emaj-35 142 8 size size NOUN emaj-35 142 9 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 142 10 one one NUM emaj-35 142 11 needs need VERB emaj-35 142 12 as as ADP emaj-35 142 13 large large ADJ emaj-35 142 14 time time NOUN emaj-35 142 15 perspective perspective NOUN emaj-35 142 16 as as ADP emaj-35 142 17 possible possible ADJ emaj-35 142 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 143 1 while while SCONJ emaj-35 143 2 the the DET emaj-35 143 3 data datum NOUN emaj-35 143 4 set set VERB emaj-35 143 5 covering cover VERB emaj-35 143 6 25 25 NUM emaj-35 143 7 - - PUNCT emaj-35 143 8 year year NOUN emaj-35 143 9 - - PUNCT emaj-35 143 10 period period NOUN emaj-35 143 11 yields yield NOUN emaj-35 143 12 modest modest ADJ emaj-35 143 13 information information NOUN emaj-35 143 14 about about ADP emaj-35 143 15 the the DET emaj-35 143 16 development development NOUN emaj-35 143 17 in in ADP emaj-35 143 18 city city NOUN emaj-35 143 19 - - PUNCT emaj-35 143 20 size size NOUN emaj-35 143 21 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 143 22 it it PRON emaj-35 143 23 yields yield VERB emaj-35 143 24 considerable considerable ADJ emaj-35 143 25 information information NOUN emaj-35 143 26 about about ADP emaj-35 143 27 the the DET emaj-35 143 28 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 143 29 of of ADP emaj-35 143 30 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 143 31 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 143 32 on on ADP emaj-35 143 33 this this PRON emaj-35 143 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 144 1 the the DET emaj-35 144 2 whole whole ADJ emaj-35 144 3 data datum NOUN emaj-35 144 4 were be AUX emaj-35 144 5 provided provide VERB emaj-35 144 6 from from ADP emaj-35 144 7 the the DET emaj-35 144 8 turkish turkish ADJ emaj-35 144 9 statistical statistical ADJ emaj-35 144 10 institute institute NOUN emaj-35 144 11 and and CCONJ emaj-35 144 12 eurostat eurostat PROPN emaj-35 144 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 145 1 the the DET emaj-35 145 2 rank rank NOUN emaj-35 145 3 - - PUNCT emaj-35 145 4 size size NOUN emaj-35 145 5 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 145 6 is be AUX emaj-35 145 7 calculated calculate VERB emaj-35 145 8 for for ADP emaj-35 145 9 the the DET emaj-35 145 10 time time NOUN emaj-35 145 11 period period NOUN emaj-35 145 12 . . PUNCT emaj-35 146 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 146 2 i i PRON emaj-35 146 3 estimated estimate VERB emaj-35 146 4 the the DET emaj-35 146 5 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 146 6 and and CCONJ emaj-35 146 7 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 146 8 estimators estimator NOUN emaj-35 146 9 so so SCONJ emaj-35 146 10 as as SCONJ emaj-35 146 11 to to PART emaj-35 146 12 cover cover VERB emaj-35 146 13 the the DET emaj-35 146 14 whole whole ADJ emaj-35 146 15 period period NOUN emaj-35 146 16 . . PUNCT emaj-35 147 1 iv iv X emaj-35 147 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 147 3 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 147 4     SPACE emaj-35 147 5 results result NOUN emaj-35 147 6     SPACE emaj-35 147 7 and and CCONJ emaj-35 147 8     SPACE emaj-35 147 9 conclusion conclusion NOUN emaj-35 147 10         SPACE emaj-35 147 11 it it PRON emaj-35 147 12 is be AUX emaj-35 147 13 useful useful ADJ emaj-35 147 14 to to PART emaj-35 147 15 take take VERB emaj-35 147 16 a a DET emaj-35 147 17 larger large ADJ emaj-35 147 18 look look NOUN emaj-35 147 19 at at ADP emaj-35 147 20 the the DET emaj-35 147 21 evolution evolution NOUN emaj-35 147 22 in in ADP emaj-35 147 23 turkey’sβ turkey’sβ PROPN emaj-35 147 24 value value NOUN emaj-35 147 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 148 1 graphics graphic NOUN emaj-35 148 2 1 1 NUM emaj-35 148 3 and and CCONJ emaj-35 148 4 2 2 NUM emaj-35 148 5 show show VERB emaj-35 148 6 the the DET emaj-35 148 7 course course NOUN emaj-35 148 8 that that SCONJ emaj-35 148 9 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 148 10 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 148 11 β β PROPN emaj-35 148 12 value value NOUN emaj-35 148 13 followed follow VERB emaj-35 148 14 between between ADP emaj-35 148 15 1955 1955 NUM emaj-35 148 16 and and CCONJ emaj-35 148 17 2011 2011 NUM emaj-35 148 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 149 1 it it PRON emaj-35 149 2 is be AUX emaj-35 149 3 important important ADJ emaj-35 149 4 especially especially ADV emaj-35 149 5 because because SCONJ emaj-35 149 6 this this DET emaj-35 149 7 period period NOUN emaj-35 149 8 covers cover VERB emaj-35 149 9 even even ADV emaj-35 149 10 the the DET emaj-35 149 11 years year NOUN emaj-35 149 12 when when SCONJ emaj-35 149 13 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 149 14 towards towards ADP emaj-35 149 15 western western ADJ emaj-35 149 16 european european ADJ emaj-35 149 17 countries country NOUN emaj-35 149 18 and and CCONJ emaj-35 149 19 migration migration NOUN emaj-35 149 20 towards towards ADP emaj-35 149 21 large large ADJ emaj-35 149 22 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 149 23 areas area NOUN emaj-35 149 24 gained gain VERB emaj-35 149 25 acceleration acceleration NOUN emaj-35 149 26 . . PUNCT emaj-35 150 1 thus thus ADV emaj-35 150 2 those those PRON emaj-35 150 3 intensifying intensify VERB emaj-35 150 4 population population NOUN emaj-35 150 5 within within ADP emaj-35 150 6 - - PUNCT emaj-35 150 7 flows flow NOUN emaj-35 150 8 and and CCONJ emaj-35 150 9 out out ADV emaj-35 150 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 150 11 flows flow NOUN emaj-35 150 12 is be AUX emaj-35 150 13 considered consider VERB emaj-35 150 14 to to PART emaj-35 150 15 have have VERB emaj-35 150 16 determining determine VERB emaj-35 150 17 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 150 18 on on ADP emaj-35 150 19 β β NOUN emaj-35 150 20 value value NOUN emaj-35 150 21 . . PUNCT emaj-35 151 1 they they PRON emaj-35 151 2 emphasize emphasize VERB emaj-35 151 3 two two NUM emaj-35 151 4 main main ADJ emaj-35 151 5 movements movement NOUN emaj-35 151 6 : : PUNCT emaj-35 151 7 first first ADV emaj-35 151 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 151 9 the the DET emaj-35 151 10 vague vague NOUN emaj-35 151 11 of of ADP emaj-35 151 12 migrants migrant NOUN emaj-35 151 13 towards towards ADP emaj-35 151 14 big big ADJ emaj-35 151 15 cities city NOUN emaj-35 151 16 within within ADP emaj-35 151 17 the the DET emaj-35 151 18 country country NOUN emaj-35 151 19 accelerated accelerate VERB emaj-35 151 20 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 151 21 process process NOUN emaj-35 151 22 by by ADP emaj-35 151 23 diminishing diminish VERB emaj-35 151 24 the the DET emaj-35 151 25 size size NOUN emaj-35 151 26 of of ADP emaj-35 151 27 the the DET emaj-35 151 28 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 151 29 cities city NOUN emaj-35 151 30 in in ADP emaj-35 151 31 favor favor NOUN emaj-35 151 32 of of ADP emaj-35 151 33 the the DET emaj-35 151 34 growing grow VERB emaj-35 151 35 size size NOUN emaj-35 151 36 of of ADP emaj-35 151 37 the the DET emaj-35 151 38 big big ADJ emaj-35 151 39 cities city NOUN emaj-35 151 40 over over ADP emaj-35 151 41 time time NOUN emaj-35 151 42 . . PUNCT emaj-35 152 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 152 2 second second ADV emaj-35 152 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 152 4 the the DET emaj-35 152 5 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 152 6 towards towards ADP emaj-35 152 7 western western ADJ emaj-35 152 8 europe europe PROPN emaj-35 152 9 that that PRON emaj-35 152 10 is be AUX emaj-35 152 11 mostly mostly ADV emaj-35 152 12 fed feed VERB emaj-35 152 13 by by ADP emaj-35 152 14 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 152 15 cities city NOUN emaj-35 152 16 contributed contribute VERB emaj-35 152 17 to to ADP emaj-35 152 18 the the DET emaj-35 152 19 acceleration acceleration NOUN emaj-35 152 20 in in ADP emaj-35 152 21 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 152 22 process process NOUN emaj-35 152 23 by by ADP emaj-35 152 24 undermining undermine VERB emaj-35 152 25 the the DET emaj-35 152 26 size size NOUN emaj-35 152 27 of of ADP emaj-35 152 28 the the DET emaj-35 152 29 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 152 30 cities city NOUN emaj-35 152 31 . . PUNCT emaj-35 153 1 the the DET emaj-35 153 2 graphics graphic NOUN emaj-35 153 3 show show VERB emaj-35 153 4 two two NUM emaj-35 153 5 things thing NOUN emaj-35 153 6 about about ADP emaj-35 153 7 city city NOUN emaj-35 153 8 - - PUNCT emaj-35 153 9 size size NOUN emaj-35 153 10 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 153 11 : : PUNCT emaj-35 153 12 first first ADV emaj-35 153 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 153 14 β β X emaj-35 153 15 value value NOUN emaj-35 153 16 has have AUX emaj-35 153 17 stabilized stabilize VERB emaj-35 153 18 since since SCONJ emaj-35 153 19 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 153 20 after after ADP emaj-35 153 21 it it PRON emaj-35 153 22 sharply sharply ADV emaj-35 153 23 and and CCONJ emaj-35 153 24 rapidly rapidly ADV emaj-35 153 25 rose rise VERB emaj-35 153 26 until until ADP emaj-35 153 27 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 153 28 . . PUNCT emaj-35 154 1 second second ADJ emaj-35 154 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 154 3 the the DET emaj-35 154 4 strongest strong ADJ emaj-35 154 5 acceleration acceleration NOUN emaj-35 154 6 inβ inβ NOUN emaj-35 154 7 value value NOUN emaj-35 154 8 in in ADP emaj-35 154 9 favor favor NOUN emaj-35 154 10 of of ADP emaj-35 154 11 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 154 12 was be AUX emaj-35 154 13 observed observe VERB emaj-35 154 14 between between ADP emaj-35 154 15 1985 1985 NUM emaj-35 154 16 and and CCONJ emaj-35 154 17 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 154 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 155 1 at at ADP emaj-35 155 2 the the DET emaj-35 155 3 beginning beginning NOUN emaj-35 155 4 of of ADP emaj-35 155 5 the the DET emaj-35 155 6 1990 1990 NUM emaj-35 155 7 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 155 8 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 155 9 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 155 10 β β PROPN emaj-35 155 11 value value NOUN emaj-35 155 12 reached reach VERB emaj-35 155 13 the the DET emaj-35 155 14 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 155 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 155 16 her her PRON emaj-35 155 17 ranksize ranksize VERB emaj-35 155 18 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 155 19 curve curve NOUN emaj-35 155 20 took take VERB emaj-35 155 21 linear linear ADJ emaj-35 155 22 form form NOUN emaj-35 155 23 at at ADP emaj-35 155 24 that that DET emaj-35 155 25 time time NOUN emaj-35 155 26 . . PUNCT emaj-35 156 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 156 2 turkish turkish ADJ emaj-35 156 3 big big ADJ emaj-35 156 4 cities city NOUN emaj-35 156 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 156 6 compared compare VERB emaj-35 156 7 with with ADP emaj-35 156 8 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 156 9 cities city NOUN emaj-35 156 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 156 11 started start VERB emaj-35 156 12 to to PART emaj-35 156 13 become become VERB emaj-35 156 14 larger large ADJ emaj-35 156 15 than than SCONJ emaj-35 156 16 they they PRON emaj-35 156 17 had have AUX emaj-35 156 18 been be AUX emaj-35 156 19 before before ADV emaj-35 156 20 . . PUNCT emaj-35 157 1 to to PART emaj-35 157 2 see see VERB emaj-35 157 3 more more ADV emaj-35 157 4 clearly clearly ADV emaj-35 157 5 to to ADP emaj-35 157 6 what what PRON emaj-35 157 7 extend extend VERB emaj-35 157 8 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 157 9 having have VERB emaj-35 157 10 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 157 11 on on ADP emaj-35 157 12 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 157 13 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 157 14 β β NOUN emaj-35 157 15 value value NOUN emaj-35 157 16 i i PRON emaj-35 157 17 estimated estimate VERB emaj-35 157 18 the the DET emaj-35 157 19 equation equation NOUN emaj-35 157 20 2 2 NUM emaj-35 157 21 through through ADP emaj-35 157 22 time time NOUN emaj-35 157 23 series series PROPN emaj-35 157 24 regression regression PROPN emaj-35 157 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 158 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 158 2 i i PRON emaj-35 158 3 run run VERB emaj-35 158 4 the the DET emaj-35 158 5 model model NOUN emaj-35 158 6 according accord VERB emaj-35 158 7 to to ADP emaj-35 158 8 different different ADJ emaj-35 158 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 158 10 definitions definition NOUN emaj-35 158 11 and and CCONJ emaj-35 158 12 estimators estimator NOUN emaj-35 158 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 158 14         SPACE emaj-35 159 1 does do VERB emaj-35 159 2 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 159 3 - - NOUN emaj-35 159 4 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 159 5 change change NOUN emaj-35 159 6 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 159 7 process process NOUN emaj-35 159 8 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 160 1 the the DET emaj-35 160 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 160 3 of of ADP emaj-35 160 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 160 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 160 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 160 7 on on ADP emaj-35 160 8 the the DET emaj-35 160 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 160 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 160 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 160 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 160 13 of of ADP emaj-35 160 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 160 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 160 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 160 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 160 18 | | ADV emaj-35 160 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 160 20 a a DET emaj-35 160 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 160 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 160 23 | | ADV emaj-35 160 24 6 6 NUM emaj-35 160 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 160 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 160 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 160 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 160 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 160 30 | | ADV emaj-35 160 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 160 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 160 33 - - SYM emaj-35 160 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 160 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 160 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 160 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 160 38 | | ADV emaj-35 160 39 doi doi X emaj-35 160 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 160 41 / / SYM emaj-35 160 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 160 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 160 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu VERB emaj-35 160 45 as as SCONJ emaj-35 160 46 it it PRON emaj-35 160 47 is be AUX emaj-35 160 48 presented present VERB emaj-35 160 49 in in ADP emaj-35 160 50 table table NOUN emaj-35 160 51 3 3 NUM emaj-35 160 52 remarkably remarkably ADV emaj-35 160 53 2r 2r NUM emaj-35 160 54 is be AUX emaj-35 160 55 the the DET emaj-35 160 56 highest high ADJ emaj-35 160 57 for for ADP emaj-35 160 58 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 160 59 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 160 60 based base VERB emaj-35 160 61 on on ADP emaj-35 160 62 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 160 63 definition definition NOUN emaj-35 160 64 . . PUNCT emaj-35 161 1 this this PRON emaj-35 161 2 supports support VERB emaj-35 161 3 brakman brakman PROPN emaj-35 161 4 et et PROPN emaj-35 161 5 al al PROPN emaj-35 161 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 161 7 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 161 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 161 9 prediction prediction NOUN emaj-35 161 10 that that SCONJ emaj-35 161 11 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 161 12 definition definition NOUN emaj-35 161 13 fits fit VERB emaj-35 161 14 better well ADJ emaj-35 161 15 the the DET emaj-35 161 16 zip zip NOUN emaj-35 161 17 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 161 18 law law NOUN emaj-35 161 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 162 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV emaj-35 162 2 there there PRON emaj-35 162 3 is be VERB emaj-35 162 4 not not PART emaj-35 162 5 too too ADV emaj-35 162 6 large large ADJ emaj-35 162 7 differentiation differentiation NOUN emaj-35 162 8 among among ADP emaj-35 162 9 estimated estimate VERB emaj-35 162 10 coefficients coefficient NOUN emaj-35 162 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 163 1 it it PRON emaj-35 163 2 is be AUX emaj-35 163 3 important important ADJ emaj-35 163 4 for for ADP emaj-35 163 5 credibility credibility NOUN emaj-35 163 6 of of ADP emaj-35 163 7 the the DET emaj-35 163 8 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 163 9 . . PUNCT emaj-35 164 1 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 164 2 and and CCONJ emaj-35 164 3 price price NOUN emaj-35 164 4 gaps gap NOUN emaj-35 164 5 negatively negatively ADV emaj-35 164 6 influence influence VERB emaj-35 164 7 β β NOUN emaj-35 164 8 while while SCONJ emaj-35 164 9 fdi fdi NOUN emaj-35 164 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 164 11 openness openness NOUN emaj-35 164 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 164 13 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 164 14 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 164 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 164 16 progress progress NOUN emaj-35 164 17 in in ADP emaj-35 164 18 average average ADJ emaj-35 164 19 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 164 20 level level NOUN emaj-35 164 21 have have VERB emaj-35 164 22 positive positive ADJ emaj-35 164 23 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 164 24 on on ADP emaj-35 164 25 β β NOUN emaj-35 164 26 value value NOUN emaj-35 164 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 165 1 that that PRON emaj-35 165 2 is be AUX emaj-35 165 3 to to PART emaj-35 165 4 say say VERB emaj-35 165 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 165 6 two two NUM emaj-35 165 7 kinds kind NOUN emaj-35 165 8 of of ADP emaj-35 165 9 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 165 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 165 11 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 165 12 - - PUNCT emaj-35 165 13 decelerating decelerate VERB emaj-35 165 14 and and CCONJ emaj-35 165 15 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 165 16 - - PUNCT emaj-35 165 17 accelerating accelerate VERB emaj-35 165 18 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 165 19 work work VERB emaj-35 165 20 together together ADV emaj-35 165 21 . . PUNCT emaj-35 166 1 expected expect VERB emaj-35 166 2 signs sign NOUN emaj-35 166 3 are be AUX emaj-35 166 4 satisfied satisfied ADJ emaj-35 166 5 as as ADP emaj-35 166 6 in in ADP emaj-35 166 7 the the DET emaj-35 166 8 previous previous ADJ emaj-35 166 9 literature literature NOUN emaj-35 166 10 : : PUNCT emaj-35 166 11 gdp gdp NOUN emaj-35 166 12 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 166 13 and and CCONJ emaj-35 166 14 openness openness NOUN emaj-35 166 15 are be AUX emaj-35 166 16 positively positively ADV emaj-35 166 17 the the DET emaj-35 166 18 most most ADV emaj-35 166 19 powerful powerful ADJ emaj-35 166 20 effects effect NOUN emaj-35 166 21 while while SCONJ emaj-35 166 22 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 166 23 - - PUNCT emaj-35 166 24 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 166 25 and and CCONJ emaj-35 166 26 price price NOUN emaj-35 166 27 - - PUNCT emaj-35 166 28 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 166 29 are be AUX emaj-35 166 30 negatively negatively ADV emaj-35 166 31 most most ADV emaj-35 166 32 powerful powerful ADJ emaj-35 166 33 effects effect NOUN emaj-35 166 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 167 1 now now ADV emaj-35 167 2 deal deal VERB emaj-35 167 3 with with ADP emaj-35 167 4 the the DET emaj-35 167 5 backbone backbone NOUN emaj-35 167 6 of of ADP emaj-35 167 7 the the DET emaj-35 167 8 model model NOUN emaj-35 167 9 : : PUNCT emaj-35 167 10 migration migration NOUN emaj-35 167 11 and and CCONJ emaj-35 167 12 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 167 13 flows flow NOUN emaj-35 167 14 and and CCONJ emaj-35 167 15 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 167 16 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 167 17 process process NOUN emaj-35 167 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 168 1 city city NOUN emaj-35 168 2 - - PUNCT emaj-35 168 3 size size NOUN emaj-35 168 4 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 168 5 largely largely ADV emaj-35 168 6 depends depend VERB emaj-35 168 7 on on ADP emaj-35 168 8 city city NOUN emaj-35 168 9 population population NOUN emaj-35 168 10 at at ADP emaj-35 168 11 time time NOUN emaj-35 168 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 168 13 1 1 NUM emaj-35 168 14 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 168 15 −t −t NOUN emaj-35 168 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 168 17 1,ln 1,ln NUM emaj-35 168 18 −ttrm −ttrm NOUN emaj-35 168 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 169 1 its its PRON emaj-35 169 2 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 169 3 varies vary VERB emaj-35 169 4 in in ADP emaj-35 169 5 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 169 6 - - PUNCT emaj-35 169 7 term term NOUN emaj-35 169 8 between between ADP emaj-35 169 9 0.20 0.20 NUM emaj-35 169 10 and and CCONJ emaj-35 169 11 0.36 0.36 NUM emaj-35 169 12 . . PUNCT emaj-35 170 1 ttrjiimig ttrjiimig NOUN emaj-35 170 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 170 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 170 4 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 170 5 → → PUNCT emaj-35 170 6 represents represent VERB emaj-35 170 7 population population NOUN emaj-35 170 8 movement movement NOUN emaj-35 170 9 from from ADP emaj-35 170 10 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 170 11 city city NOUN emaj-35 170 12 to to ADP emaj-35 170 13 big big ADJ emaj-35 170 14 city city NOUN emaj-35 170 15 at at ADP emaj-35 170 16 time time NOUN emaj-35 170 17 t t PROPN emaj-35 170 18 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 170 19 sign sign NOUN emaj-35 170 20 of of ADP emaj-35 170 21 agglomerating agglomerate VERB emaj-35 170 22 forces force NOUN emaj-35 170 23 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 170 24 and and CCONJ emaj-35 170 25 ttrijimig ttrijimig NOUN emaj-35 170 26 , , PUNCT emaj-35 170 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 170 28 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 170 29 → → PUNCT emaj-35 170 30 represents represent VERB emaj-35 170 31 population population NOUN emaj-35 170 32 movement movement NOUN emaj-35 170 33 from from ADP emaj-35 170 34 big big ADJ emaj-35 170 35 city city NOUN emaj-35 170 36 to to ADP emaj-35 170 37 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 170 38 city city NOUN emaj-35 170 39 at at ADP emaj-35 170 40 time time NOUN emaj-35 170 41 t t PROPN emaj-35 170 42 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 170 43 sign sign VERB emaj-35 170 44 of of ADP emaj-35 170 45 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 170 46 resistant resistant ADJ emaj-35 170 47 factors”6 factors”6 NOUN emaj-35 170 48 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 170 49 . . PUNCT emaj-35 171 1 migration migration NOUN emaj-35 171 2 towards towards ADP emaj-35 171 3 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 171 4 within within ADP emaj-35 171 5 the the DET emaj-35 171 6 country country NOUN emaj-35 171 7 is be AUX emaj-35 171 8 a a DET emaj-35 171 9 very very ADV emaj-35 171 10 determinant determinant ADJ emaj-35 171 11 factor factor NOUN emaj-35 171 12 in in ADP emaj-35 171 13 city city NOUN emaj-35 171 14 - - PUNCT emaj-35 171 15 size size NOUN emaj-35 171 16 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 171 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 172 1 its its PRON emaj-35 172 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 172 3 on on ADP emaj-35 172 4 β β NOUN emaj-35 172 5 value value NOUN emaj-35 172 6 varies vary VERB emaj-35 172 7 between between ADP emaj-35 172 8 0.05 0.05 NUM emaj-35 172 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 172 10 min min NOUN emaj-35 172 11 . . PROPN emaj-35 172 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 172 13 and and CCONJ emaj-35 172 14 0.10 0.10 NUM emaj-35 172 15 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 172 16 max max PROPN emaj-35 172 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 172 18 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 172 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 173 1 considering consider VERB emaj-35 173 2 the the DET emaj-35 173 3 development development NOUN emaj-35 173 4 stage stage NOUN emaj-35 173 5 of of ADP emaj-35 173 6 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 173 7 we we PRON emaj-35 173 8 can can AUX emaj-35 173 9 tell tell VERB emaj-35 173 10 that that SCONJ emaj-35 173 11 the the DET emaj-35 173 12 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 173 13 of of ADP emaj-35 173 14 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 173 15 congesting congesting NOUN emaj-35 173 16 forces force NOUN emaj-35 173 17 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 173 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 173 19 ttrijimig ttrijimig NOUN emaj-35 173 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 173 21 , , PUNCT emaj-35 173 22 ln ln X emaj-35 173 23 → → PUNCT emaj-35 173 24 , , PUNCT emaj-35 173 25 are be AUX emaj-35 173 26 limited limited ADJ emaj-35 173 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 174 1 however however ADV emaj-35 174 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 174 3 the the DET emaj-35 174 4 estimations estimation NOUN emaj-35 174 5 confirm confirm VERB emaj-35 174 6 the the DET emaj-35 174 7 prediction prediction NOUN emaj-35 174 8 that that SCONJ emaj-35 174 9 beyond beyond ADP emaj-35 174 10 a a DET emaj-35 174 11 certain certain ADJ emaj-35 174 12 threshold threshold NOUN emaj-35 174 13 of of ADP emaj-35 174 14 the the DET emaj-35 174 15 development development NOUN emaj-35 174 16 process process NOUN emaj-35 174 17 congesting congesting NOUN emaj-35 174 18 forces force NOUN emaj-35 174 19 would would AUX emaj-35 174 20 appear appear VERB emaj-35 174 21 . . PUNCT emaj-35 175 1 turkey turkey PROPN emaj-35 175 2 has have AUX emaj-35 175 3 not not PART emaj-35 175 4 reached reach VERB emaj-35 175 5 that that DET emaj-35 175 6 threshold threshold NOUN emaj-35 175 7 yet yet ADV emaj-35 175 8 . . PUNCT emaj-35 176 1 as as ADP emaj-35 176 2 for for ADP emaj-35 176 3 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 176 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 176 5 turkish turkish ADJ emaj-35 176 6 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 176 7 to to PART emaj-35 176 8 eu-15 eu-15 X emaj-35 176 9 teutrimig teutrimig VERB emaj-35 176 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 176 11 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 176 12 → → PUNCT emaj-35 176 13 has have VERB emaj-35 176 14 relatively relatively ADV emaj-35 176 15 smaller small ADJ emaj-35 176 16 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 176 17 than than ADP emaj-35 176 18 return return VERB emaj-35 176 19 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 176 20 from from ADP emaj-35 176 21 the the DET emaj-35 176 22 eu-15 eu-15 ADJ emaj-35 176 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 176 24 ttreuimig ttreuimig NOUN emaj-35 176 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 176 26 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 176 27 → → PUNCT emaj-35 176 28 , , PUNCT emaj-35 176 29 has have VERB emaj-35 176 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 177 1 this this DET emaj-35 177 2 situation situation NOUN emaj-35 177 3 can can AUX emaj-35 177 4 be be AUX emaj-35 177 5 explained explain VERB emaj-35 177 6 as as SCONJ emaj-35 177 7 follows follow VERB emaj-35 177 8 : : PUNCT emaj-35 177 9 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 177 10 vague vague NOUN emaj-35 177 11 generally generally ADV emaj-35 177 12 occurs occur VERB emaj-35 177 13 from from ADP emaj-35 177 14 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 177 15 cities city NOUN emaj-35 177 16 to to ADP emaj-35 177 17 abroad abroad ADV emaj-35 177 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 178 1 for for ADP emaj-35 178 2 this this DET emaj-35 178 3 reason reason NOUN emaj-35 178 4 a a DET emaj-35 178 5 fall fall NOUN emaj-35 178 6 in in ADP emaj-35 178 7 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 178 8 cities city NOUN emaj-35 178 9 ’ ' PUNCT emaj-35 178 10 population population NOUN emaj-35 178 11 causes cause VERB emaj-35 178 12 a a DET emaj-35 178 13 relative relative ADJ emaj-35 178 14 raise raise NOUN emaj-35 178 15 in in ADP emaj-35 178 16 big big ADJ emaj-35 178 17 cities city NOUN emaj-35 178 18 ’ ' PUNCT emaj-35 178 19 population population NOUN emaj-35 178 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 178 21 a a DET emaj-35 178 22 change change NOUN emaj-35 178 23 in in ADP emaj-35 178 24 β β NOUN emaj-35 178 25 value value NOUN emaj-35 178 26 so so SCONJ emaj-35 178 27 as as SCONJ emaj-35 178 28 to to PART emaj-35 178 29 indicate indicate VERB emaj-35 178 30 acceleration acceleration NOUN emaj-35 178 31 in in ADP emaj-35 178 32 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 178 33 process process NOUN emaj-35 178 34 within within ADP emaj-35 178 35 the the DET emaj-35 178 36 country country NOUN emaj-35 178 37 . . PUNCT emaj-35 179 1 for for ADP emaj-35 179 2 this this DET emaj-35 179 3 reason reason NOUN emaj-35 179 4 teutrimig teutrimig NOUN emaj-35 179 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 179 6 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 179 7 → → PUNCT emaj-35 179 8 gives give VERB emaj-35 179 9 positive positive ADJ emaj-35 179 10 sign sign NOUN emaj-35 179 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 180 1 and and CCONJ emaj-35 180 2 contrarily contrarily ADV emaj-35 180 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 180 4 returns return VERB emaj-35 180 5 immigrants immigrant NOUN emaj-35 180 6 coming come VERB emaj-35 180 7 back back ADV emaj-35 180 8 to to ADP emaj-35 180 9 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 180 10 cities city NOUN emaj-35 180 11 create create VERB emaj-35 180 12 a a DET emaj-35 180 13 reverse reverse ADJ emaj-35 180 14 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 180 15 . . PUNCT emaj-35 181 1 return return VERB emaj-35 181 2 immigration immigration NOUN emaj-35 181 3 to to ADP emaj-35 181 4 intermediary intermediary ADJ emaj-35 181 5 cities city NOUN emaj-35 181 6 counterbalance counterbalance NOUN emaj-35 181 7 the the DET emaj-35 181 8 relative relative ADJ emaj-35 181 9 raise raise NOUN emaj-35 181 10 in in ADP emaj-35 181 11 β β NOUN emaj-35 181 12 value value NOUN emaj-35 181 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 182 1 for for ADP emaj-35 182 2 this this DET emaj-35 182 3 reason reason NOUN emaj-35 182 4 ttreuimig ttreuimig NOUN emaj-35 182 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 182 6 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 182 7 → → PUNCT emaj-35 182 8 gives give VERB emaj-35 182 9 negative negative ADJ emaj-35 182 10 sign sign NOUN emaj-35 182 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 183 1 we we PRON emaj-35 183 2 see see VERB emaj-35 183 3 clearly clearly ADV emaj-35 183 4 the the DET emaj-35 183 5 impacts impact NOUN emaj-35 183 6 of of ADP emaj-35 183 7 agglomerating agglomerating NOUN emaj-35 183 8 forces force NOUN emaj-35 183 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 183 11 ttrjiimig ttrjiimig INTJ emaj-35 183 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 14 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 183 15 → → PUNCT emaj-35 183 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 17 teutrimig teutrimig INTJ emaj-35 183 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 19 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 183 20 → → PUNCT emaj-35 183 21 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 183 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 23 are be AUX emaj-35 183 24 superior superior ADJ emaj-35 183 25 to to ADP emaj-35 183 26 that that PRON emaj-35 183 27 of of ADP emaj-35 183 28 resistant resistant ADJ emaj-35 183 29 forces force NOUN emaj-35 183 30 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 183 31 ttrijimig ttrijimig INTJ emaj-35 183 32 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 33 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 34 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 183 35 → → SYM emaj-35 183 36 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 37 ttreuimig ttreuimig NOUN emaj-35 183 38 , , PUNCT emaj-35 183 39 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 183 40 → → PUNCT emaj-35 183 41 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 183 42 . . PUNCT emaj-35 184 1 this this PRON emaj-35 184 2 shows show VERB emaj-35 184 3 that that SCONJ emaj-35 184 4 for for ADP emaj-35 184 5 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 184 6 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 184 7 process process NOUN emaj-35 184 8 will will AUX emaj-35 184 9 continue continue VERB emaj-35 184 10 . . PUNCT emaj-35 185 1 the the DET emaj-35 185 2 direct direct ADJ emaj-35 185 3 effect effect NOUN emaj-35 185 4 of of ADP emaj-35 185 5 the the DET emaj-35 185 6 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 185 7 on on ADP emaj-35 185 8 the the DET emaj-35 185 9 dynamic dynamic NOUN emaj-35 185 10 in in ADP emaj-35 185 11 city city NOUN emaj-35 185 12 - - PUNCT emaj-35 185 13 size size NOUN emaj-35 185 14 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 185 15 is be AUX emaj-35 185 16 revealed reveal VERB emaj-35 185 17 through through ADP emaj-35 185 18 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 185 19 variable variable NOUN emaj-35 185 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 185 21 gsi gsi PROPN emaj-35 185 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 185 23 that that PRON emaj-35 185 24 captures capture VERB emaj-35 185 25 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 185 26 structural structural ADJ emaj-35 185 27 progress progress NOUN emaj-35 185 28 of of ADP emaj-35 185 29 countries country NOUN emaj-35 185 30 in in ADP emaj-35 185 31 the the DET emaj-35 185 32 way way NOUN emaj-35 185 33 of of ADP emaj-35 185 34 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 185 35 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 185 36 . . PUNCT emaj-35 186 1 its its PRON emaj-35 186 2 estimated estimated ADJ emaj-35 186 3 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 186 4 is be AUX emaj-35 186 5 found find VERB emaj-35 186 6 positive positive ADJ emaj-35 186 7 but but CCONJ emaj-35 186 8 modest modest ADJ emaj-35 186 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 186 10 between between ADP emaj-35 186 11 0.06 0.06 NUM emaj-35 186 12 and and CCONJ emaj-35 186 13 0.09 0.09 NUM emaj-35 186 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 186 15 compared compare VERB emaj-35 186 16 with with ADP emaj-35 186 17 those those PRON emaj-35 186 18 of of ADP emaj-35 186 19 other other ADJ emaj-35 186 20 variables variable NOUN emaj-35 186 21 . . PUNCT emaj-35 187 1 this this DET emaj-35 187 2 finding finding NOUN emaj-35 187 3 explicitly explicitly ADV emaj-35 187 4 shows show VERB emaj-35 187 5 that that SCONJ emaj-35 187 6 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 187 7 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 187 8 process process NOUN emaj-35 187 9 activates activate VERB emaj-35 187 10 through through ADP emaj-35 187 11 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 187 12 certain certain ADJ emaj-35 187 13 dynamics dynamic NOUN emaj-35 187 14 pushing push VERB emaj-35 187 15 β β NOUN emaj-35 187 16 value value NOUN emaj-35 187 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 188 1 considering consider VERB emaj-35 188 2 the the DET emaj-35 188 3 upward upward ADJ emaj-35 188 4 movements movement NOUN emaj-35 188 5 of of ADP emaj-35 188 6 the the DET emaj-35 188 7 estimated estimate VERB emaj-35 188 8 β β X emaj-35 188 9 value value NOUN emaj-35 188 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 188 11 see see VERB emaj-35 188 12 graphics graphic NOUN emaj-35 188 13 1 1 NUM emaj-35 188 14 and and CCONJ emaj-35 188 15 2 2 NUM emaj-35 188 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 188 17 one one PRON emaj-35 188 18 can can AUX emaj-35 188 19 say say VERB emaj-35 188 20 that that SCONJ emaj-35 188 21 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 188 22 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 188 23 process process NOUN emaj-35 188 24 has have AUX emaj-35 188 25 impulsively impulsively ADV emaj-35 188 26 contributed contribute VERB emaj-35 188 27 to to ADP emaj-35 188 28 the the DET emaj-35 188 29 city city NOUN emaj-35 188 30 - - PUNCT emaj-35 188 31 size size NOUN emaj-35 188 32 evolution evolution NOUN emaj-35 188 33 within within ADP emaj-35 188 34 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 188 35 . . PUNCT emaj-35 189 1 on on ADP emaj-35 189 2 the the DET emaj-35 189 3 other other ADJ emaj-35 189 4 hand hand NOUN emaj-35 189 5 whether whether SCONJ emaj-35 189 6 this this DET emaj-35 189 7 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 189 8 is be AUX emaj-35 189 9 modest modest ADJ emaj-35 189 10 or or CCONJ emaj-35 189 11 strong strong ADJ emaj-35 189 12 depends depend VERB emaj-35 189 13 primarily primarily ADV emaj-35 189 14 on on ADP emaj-35 189 15 the the DET emaj-35 189 16 willingness willingness NOUN emaj-35 189 17 of of ADP emaj-35 189 18 the the DET emaj-35 189 19 country country NOUN emaj-35 189 20 for for ADP emaj-35 189 21 reforms reform NOUN emaj-35 189 22 . . PUNCT emaj-35 190 1 a a DET emaj-35 190 2 weak weak ADJ emaj-35 190 3 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 190 4 may may AUX emaj-35 190 5 be be AUX emaj-35 190 6 explained explain VERB emaj-35 190 7 by by ADP emaj-35 190 8 such such DET emaj-35 190 9 a a DET emaj-35 190 10 reasoning reasoning NOUN emaj-35 190 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 190 12         SPACE emaj-35 191 1 does do VERB emaj-35 191 2 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 191 3 - - NOUN emaj-35 191 4 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 191 5 change change NOUN emaj-35 191 6 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 191 7 process process NOUN emaj-35 191 8 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 192 1 the the DET emaj-35 192 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 192 3 of of ADP emaj-35 192 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 192 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 192 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 192 7 on on ADP emaj-35 192 8 the the DET emaj-35 192 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 192 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 192 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 192 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 192 13 of of ADP emaj-35 192 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 192 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 192 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 192 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 192 18 | | ADV emaj-35 192 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 192 20 a a DET emaj-35 192 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 192 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 192 23 | | ADV emaj-35 192 24 7 7 NUM emaj-35 192 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 192 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 192 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 192 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 192 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 192 30 | | ADV emaj-35 192 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 192 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 192 33 - - SYM emaj-35 192 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 192 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 192 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 192 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 193 1 | | ADV emaj-35 193 2 doi doi X emaj-35 193 3 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 193 4 / / SYM emaj-35 193 5 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 193 6 | | NOUN emaj-35 193 7 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu X emaj-35 193 8 v.references v.reference NOUN emaj-35 193 9     SPACE emaj-35 193 10 1 1 NUM emaj-35 193 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 193 12 abdel abdel PROPN emaj-35 193 13 - - PUNCT emaj-35 193 14 rahman rahman PROPN emaj-35 193 15 , , PUNCT emaj-35 193 16 h. h. PROPN emaj-35 193 17 and and CCONJ emaj-35 193 18 wang wang PROPN emaj-35 193 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 193 20 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 193 21 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 193 22 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 193 23 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 193 24 , , PUNCT emaj-35 193 25 toward toward ADP emaj-35 193 26 a a DET emaj-35 193 27 general general ADJ emaj-35 193 28 - - PUNCT emaj-35 193 29 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN emaj-35 193 30 theory theory NOUN emaj-35 193 31 of of ADP emaj-35 193 32 a a DET emaj-35 193 33 core core NOUN emaj-35 193 34 - - PUNCT emaj-35 193 35 periphery periphery NOUN emaj-35 193 36 system system NOUN emaj-35 193 37 of of ADP emaj-35 193 38 cities city NOUN emaj-35 193 39 , , PUNCT emaj-35 193 40 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 193 41 science science NOUN emaj-35 193 42 and and CCONJ emaj-35 193 43 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 193 44 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 193 45 , , PUNCT emaj-35 193 46 25 25 NUM emaj-35 193 47 , , PUNCT emaj-35 193 48 pp pp ADJ emaj-35 193 49 . . PUNCT emaj-35 194 1 529 529 NUM emaj-35 194 2 - - SYM emaj-35 194 3 546 546 NUM emaj-35 194 4 . . PUNCT emaj-35 194 5 2 2 X emaj-35 194 6 . . X emaj-35 194 7 auerbach auerbach PROPN emaj-35 194 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 194 9 f. f. PROPN emaj-35 194 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 194 11 1913 1913 NUM emaj-35 194 12 ): ): PUNCT emaj-35 194 13 das das PROPN emaj-35 194 14 gesets geset NOUN emaj-35 194 15 der der ADJ emaj-35 194 16 bevolkerungsknzentration bevolkerungsknzentration NOUN emaj-35 194 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 195 1 petermann petermann PROPN emaj-35 195 2 's 's PART emaj-35 195 3 mitteilungen mitteilungen NOUN emaj-35 195 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 195 5 59:74 59:74 NUM emaj-35 195 6 - - SYM emaj-35 195 7 76 76 NUM emaj-35 195 8 3 3 NUM emaj-35 195 9 . . PUNCT emaj-35 195 10 baldwin baldwin PROPN emaj-35 195 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 195 12 r.e r.e PROPN emaj-35 195 13 . . PROPN emaj-35 195 14 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 195 15 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 195 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 195 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 195 18 core core NOUN emaj-35 195 19 - - PUNCT emaj-35 195 20 periphery periphery NOUN emaj-35 195 21 model model NOUN emaj-35 195 22 with with ADP emaj-35 195 23 forward forward ADV emaj-35 195 24 - - PUNCT emaj-35 195 25 looking look VERB emaj-35 195 26 expectations expectation NOUN emaj-35 195 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 195 28 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 195 29 science science NOUN emaj-35 195 30 and and CCONJ emaj-35 195 31 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 195 32 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 195 33 , , PUNCT emaj-35 195 34 31 31 NUM emaj-35 195 35 , , PUNCT emaj-35 195 36 pp pp ADJ emaj-35 195 37 . . PUNCT emaj-35 196 1 21 21 NUM emaj-35 196 2 - - SYM emaj-35 196 3 49 49 NUM emaj-35 196 4 . . PUNCT emaj-35 197 1 4 4 X emaj-35 197 2 . . X emaj-35 197 3 black black ADJ emaj-35 197 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 5 d. d. PROPN emaj-35 197 6 and and CCONJ emaj-35 197 7 henderson henderson PROPN emaj-35 197 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 9 v. v. PROPN emaj-35 197 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 197 11 1998 1998 NUM emaj-35 197 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 197 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 14 spatial spatial ADJ emaj-35 197 15 evolution evolution NOUN emaj-35 197 16 of of ADP emaj-35 197 17 population population NOUN emaj-35 197 18 and and CCONJ emaj-35 197 19 industry industry NOUN emaj-35 197 20 in in ADP emaj-35 197 21 the the DET emaj-35 197 22 united united PROPN emaj-35 197 23 states states PROPN emaj-35 197 24 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 25 the the DET emaj-35 197 26 american american PROPN emaj-35 197 27 economic economic PROPN emaj-35 197 28 review review PROPN emaj-35 197 29 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 30 vol vol NOUN emaj-35 197 31 . . PROPN emaj-35 197 32 89 89 NUM emaj-35 197 33 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 34 no no INTJ emaj-35 197 35 . . NOUN emaj-35 197 36 2 2 NUM emaj-35 197 37 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 38 papers paper NOUN emaj-35 197 39 and and CCONJ emaj-35 197 40 proceedings proceeding NOUN emaj-35 197 41 of of ADP emaj-35 197 42 the the DET emaj-35 197 43 one one NUM emaj-35 197 44 hundred hundred NUM emaj-35 197 45 eleventh eleventh ADJ emaj-35 197 46 annual annual ADJ emaj-35 197 47 meeting meeting NOUN emaj-35 197 48 of of ADP emaj-35 197 49 the the DET emaj-35 197 50 american american PROPN emaj-35 197 51 economic economic PROPN emaj-35 197 52 association association PROPN emaj-35 197 53 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 197 54 may may PROPN emaj-35 197 55 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 56 1999 1999 NUM emaj-35 197 57 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 197 58 , , PUNCT emaj-35 197 59 pp pp PROPN emaj-35 197 60 . . PUNCT emaj-35 198 1 321 321 NUM emaj-35 198 2 - - SYM emaj-35 198 3 327 327 NUM emaj-35 198 4 5 5 NUM emaj-35 198 5 . . PUNCT emaj-35 198 6 black black ADJ emaj-35 198 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 198 8 d. d. PROPN emaj-35 198 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 198 10 henderson henderson PROPN emaj-35 198 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 198 12 v. v. PROPN emaj-35 198 13 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 198 14 1999 1999 NUM emaj-35 198 15 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 198 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 198 17 a a DET emaj-35 198 18 theory theory NOUN emaj-35 198 19 of of ADP emaj-35 198 20 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 198 21 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 198 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 198 23 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 198 24 of of ADP emaj-35 198 25 political political ADJ emaj-35 198 26 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 198 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 198 28 107(2 107(2 NUM emaj-35 198 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 198 30 , , PUNCT emaj-35 198 31 pp pp ADJ emaj-35 198 32 . . PUNCT emaj-35 199 1 252 252 NUM emaj-35 199 2 - - SYM emaj-35 199 3 84 84 NUM emaj-35 199 4 . . PUNCT emaj-35 200 1 6 6 NUM emaj-35 200 2 . . X emaj-35 200 3 black black ADJ emaj-35 200 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 200 5 d. d. PROPN emaj-35 200 6 and and CCONJ emaj-35 200 7 henderson henderson PROPN emaj-35 200 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 200 9 v. v. PROPN emaj-35 200 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 200 11 2003 2003 NUM emaj-35 200 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 200 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 200 14 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 200 15 evolution evolution NOUN emaj-35 200 16 in in ADP emaj-35 200 17 the the DET emaj-35 200 18 usa usa PROPN emaj-35 200 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 200 20 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 200 21 of of ADP emaj-35 200 22 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 200 23 geography geography NOUN emaj-35 200 24 , , PUNCT emaj-35 200 25 3 3 NUM emaj-35 200 26 , , PUNCT emaj-35 200 27 343372 343372 NUM emaj-35 200 28 . . PUNCT emaj-35 201 1 7 7 X emaj-35 201 2 . . X emaj-35 201 3 brakman brakman PROPN emaj-35 201 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 5 s s PROPN emaj-35 201 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 7 garretsen garretsen PROPN emaj-35 201 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 9 h. h. PROPN emaj-35 201 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 11 and and CCONJ emaj-35 201 12 van van PROPN emaj-35 201 13 marrewijk marrewijk NOUN emaj-35 201 14 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 15 c. c. PROPN emaj-35 201 16 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 201 17 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 201 18 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 201 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 20 an an DET emaj-35 201 21 introduction introduction NOUN emaj-35 201 22 to to ADP emaj-35 201 23 geographical geographical ADJ emaj-35 201 24 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 201 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 26 cambridge cambridge PROPN emaj-35 201 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 28 uk uk PROPN emaj-35 201 29 : : PUNCT emaj-35 201 30 cambridge cambridge PROPN emaj-35 201 31 university university PROPN emaj-35 201 32 press press PROPN emaj-35 201 33 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 201 34 third third ADJ emaj-35 201 35 edition edition NOUN emaj-35 201 36 , , PUNCT emaj-35 201 37 2005 2005 NUM emaj-35 201 38 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 201 39 . . PUNCT emaj-35 202 1 8 8 X emaj-35 202 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 203 1 christaller christaller PROPN emaj-35 203 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 3 w. w. PROPN emaj-35 203 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 203 5 1933 1933 NUM emaj-35 203 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 203 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 8 die die VERB emaj-35 203 9 zentralen zentralen PROPN emaj-35 203 10 orte orte PROPN emaj-35 203 11 in in ADP emaj-35 203 12 suddeutschland suddeutschland PROPN emaj-35 203 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 14 iéna iéna NOUN emaj-35 203 15 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 203 16 english english ADJ emaj-35 203 17 translation translation NOUN emaj-35 203 18 c.w c.w PROPN emaj-35 203 19 . . PROPN emaj-35 203 20 baskin baskin PROPN emaj-35 203 21 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 22 1966 1966 NUM emaj-35 203 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 24 central central ADJ emaj-35 203 25 places place NOUN emaj-35 203 26 in in ADP emaj-35 203 27 southern southern PROPN emaj-35 203 28 germany germany PROPN emaj-35 203 29 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 30 englewood englewood PROPN emaj-35 203 31 cliffs cliffs PROPN emaj-35 203 32 , , PUNCT emaj-35 203 33 prentice prentice NOUN emaj-35 203 34 - - PUNCT emaj-35 203 35 hall hall NOUN emaj-35 203 36 . . PUNCT emaj-35 204 1 9 9 X emaj-35 204 2 . . X emaj-35 204 3 embrechts embrecht NOUN emaj-35 204 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 5 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 204 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 7 kluppelberg kluppelberg PROPN emaj-35 204 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 9 c c X emaj-35 204 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 11 mikosch mikosch PROPN emaj-35 204 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 13 t. t. PROPN emaj-35 204 14 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 204 15 1997 1997 NUM emaj-35 204 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 204 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 18 modelling model VERB emaj-35 204 19 external external ADJ emaj-35 204 20 events event NOUN emaj-35 204 21 for for ADP emaj-35 204 22 insurance insurance NOUN emaj-35 204 23 and and CCONJ emaj-35 204 24 finance finance NOUN emaj-35 204 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 26 springer springer NOUN emaj-35 204 27 , , PUNCT emaj-35 204 28 new new PROPN emaj-35 204 29 york york PROPN emaj-35 204 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 205 1 10 10 NUM emaj-35 205 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 206 1 eurostat eurostat PROPN emaj-35 206 2 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 206 3 2008 2008 NUM emaj-35 206 4 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 206 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 206 6 eurostat eurostat PROPN emaj-35 206 7 data data PROPN emaj-35 206 8 set set PROPN emaj-35 206 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 206 10 www.eurostat.eu www.eurostat.eu PROPN emaj-35 206 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 206 12 [ [ X emaj-35 206 13 acceded accede VERB emaj-35 206 14 10/12/2007 10/12/2007 NUM emaj-35 206 15 ] ] SYM emaj-35 206 16 11 11 NUM emaj-35 206 17 . . PUNCT emaj-35 207 1 gabaix gabaix NOUN emaj-35 207 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 3 x. x. PROPN emaj-35 207 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 5 ioannides ioannide NOUN emaj-35 207 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 7 y. y. PROPN emaj-35 207 8 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 207 9 2004 2004 NUM emaj-35 207 10 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 207 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 12 the the DET emaj-35 207 13 evolution evolution NOUN emaj-35 207 14 of of ADP emaj-35 207 15 city city NOUN emaj-35 207 16 size size NOUN emaj-35 207 17 distributions distribution NOUN emaj-35 207 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 19 handbook handbook NOUN emaj-35 207 20 of of ADP emaj-35 207 21 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 207 22 and and CCONJ emaj-35 207 23 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 207 24 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 207 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 26 in in ADP emaj-35 207 27 : : PUNCT emaj-35 207 28 j. j. PROPN emaj-35 207 29 v. v. PROPN emaj-35 207 30 henderson henderson PROPN emaj-35 207 31 & & CCONJ emaj-35 207 32 j. j. PROPN emaj-35 207 33 f. f. PROPN emaj-35 207 34 thisse thisse PROPN emaj-35 207 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 207 36 ed ed NOUN emaj-35 207 37 . . PUNCT emaj-35 207 38 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 207 39 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 40 handbook handbook NOUN emaj-35 207 41 of of ADP emaj-35 207 42 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 207 43 and and CCONJ emaj-35 207 44 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 207 45 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 207 46 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 47 edition edition NOUN emaj-35 207 48 1 1 NUM emaj-35 207 49 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 50 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 207 51 4 4 NUM emaj-35 207 52 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 53 chapter chapter NOUN emaj-35 207 54 53 53 NUM emaj-35 207 55 , , PUNCT emaj-35 207 56 pages page NOUN emaj-35 207 57 2341 2341 NUM emaj-35 207 58 - - SYM emaj-35 207 59 2378 2378 NUM emaj-35 207 60 12 12 NUM emaj-35 207 61 . . PUNCT emaj-35 208 1 getz getz PROPN emaj-35 208 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 208 3 m. m. NOUN emaj-35 208 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 208 5 1979 1979 NUM emaj-35 208 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 208 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 208 8 optimum optimum ADJ emaj-35 208 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 208 10 size size NOUN emaj-35 208 11 : : PUNCT emaj-35 208 12 fact fact NOUN emaj-35 208 13 or or CCONJ emaj-35 208 14 fancy fancy ADJ emaj-35 208 15 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 209 1 law law NOUN emaj-35 209 2 and and CCONJ emaj-35 209 3 contemporary contemporary ADJ emaj-35 209 4 problems problem NOUN emaj-35 209 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 209 6 vol vol NOUN emaj-35 209 7 . . PROPN emaj-35 210 1 43 43 NUM emaj-35 210 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 210 3 no no INTJ emaj-35 210 4 . . NOUN emaj-35 210 5 2 2 NUM emaj-35 210 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 210 7 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 210 8 policy policy NOUN emaj-35 210 9 in in ADP emaj-35 210 10 the the DET emaj-35 210 11 eighties eighty NOUN emaj-35 210 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 210 13 spring spring NOUN emaj-35 210 14 , , PUNCT emaj-35 210 15 1979 1979 NUM emaj-35 210 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 210 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 210 18 pp pp PROPN emaj-35 210 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 211 1 197 197 NUM emaj-35 211 2 - - SYM emaj-35 211 3 210 210 NUM emaj-35 211 4 13 13 NUM emaj-35 211 5 . . PUNCT emaj-35 212 1 henderson henderson PROPN emaj-35 212 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 3 v. v. PROPN emaj-35 212 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 5 kuncoro kuncoro PROPN emaj-35 212 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 7 a. a. NOUN emaj-35 212 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 212 10 turner turner NOUN emaj-35 212 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 12 m. m. NOUN emaj-35 212 13 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 212 14 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 212 15 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 212 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 17 industrial industrial ADJ emaj-35 212 18 development development NOUN emaj-35 212 19 in in ADP emaj-35 212 20 cities city NOUN emaj-35 212 21 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 22 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 212 23 of of ADP emaj-35 212 24 political political ADJ emaj-35 212 25 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 212 26 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 27 103(5 103(5 NUM emaj-35 212 28 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 212 29 , , PUNCT emaj-35 212 30 pp pp ADJ emaj-35 212 31 . . PUNCT emaj-35 213 1 1067 1067 NUM emaj-35 213 2 - - SYM emaj-35 213 3 1090 1090 NUM emaj-35 213 4 . . PUNCT emaj-35 214 1 14 14 NUM emaj-35 214 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 215 1 hill hill PROPN emaj-35 215 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 215 3 b.m b.m PROPN emaj-35 215 4 . . PROPN emaj-35 216 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 216 2 1975 1975 NUM emaj-35 216 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 216 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 216 5 a a DET emaj-35 216 6 simple simple ADJ emaj-35 216 7 approach approach NOUN emaj-35 216 8 to to ADP emaj-35 216 9 inference inference NOUN emaj-35 216 10 about about ADP emaj-35 216 11 the the DET emaj-35 216 12 tail tail NOUN emaj-35 216 13 of of ADP emaj-35 216 14 a a DET emaj-35 216 15 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 216 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 216 17 annals annal NOUN emaj-35 216 18 of of ADP emaj-35 216 19 statistics statistic NOUN emaj-35 216 20 3 3 NUM emaj-35 216 21 , , PUNCT emaj-35 216 22 pp pp ADP emaj-35 216 23 1163 1163 NUM emaj-35 216 24 - - SYM emaj-35 216 25 1174 1174 NUM emaj-35 216 26 . . PUNCT emaj-35 217 1 15 15 NUM emaj-35 217 2 . . X emaj-35 217 3 hill hill PROPN emaj-35 217 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 217 5 b.m b.m PROPN emaj-35 217 6 . . PROPN emaj-35 217 7 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 217 8 1996a 1996a NUM emaj-35 217 9 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 217 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 217 11 the the DET emaj-35 217 12 self self NOUN emaj-35 217 13 - - PUNCT emaj-35 217 14 organizing organize VERB emaj-35 217 15 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 217 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 217 17 blackwell blackwell NOUN emaj-35 217 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 218 1 16 16 NUM emaj-35 218 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 219 1 hill hill PROPN emaj-35 219 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 219 3 b.m b.m PROPN emaj-35 219 4 . . PROPN emaj-35 219 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 219 6 1996b 1996b NUM emaj-35 219 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 219 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 219 9 confronting confront VERB emaj-35 219 10 the the DET emaj-35 219 11 mystery mystery NOUN emaj-35 219 12 of of ADP emaj-35 219 13 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 219 14 hierarchy hierarchy NOUN emaj-35 219 15 , , PUNCT emaj-35 219 16 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 219 17 of of ADP emaj-35 219 18 the the DET emaj-35 219 19 japanese japanese ADJ emaj-35 219 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 219 21 international international ADJ emaj-35 219 22 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 219 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 219 24 10:399 10:399 NUM emaj-35 219 25 - - SYM emaj-35 219 26 418 418 NUM emaj-35 219 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 220 1 17 17 NUM emaj-35 220 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 221 1 krugman krugman PROPN emaj-35 221 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 221 3 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 221 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 221 5 1991 1991 NUM emaj-35 221 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 221 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 221 8 geography geography NOUN emaj-35 221 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 221 10 trade trade NOUN emaj-35 221 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 221 12 mit mit NOUN emaj-35 221 13 press press NOUN emaj-35 221 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 222 1 18 18 NUM emaj-35 222 2 . . X emaj-35 223 1 krugman krugman PROPN emaj-35 223 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 223 3 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 223 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 223 5 1996 1996 NUM emaj-35 223 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 223 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 223 8 the the DET emaj-35 223 9 self self NOUN emaj-35 223 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 223 11 organizing organize VERB emaj-35 223 12 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 223 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 223 14 blackwell blackwell PROPN emaj-35 223 15 19 19 NUM emaj-35 223 16 . . PUNCT emaj-35 224 1 krugman krugman PROPN emaj-35 224 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 224 3 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 224 4 and and CCONJ emaj-35 224 5 livas livas NOUN emaj-35 224 6 - - PUNCT emaj-35 224 7 elinzondo elinzondo NOUN emaj-35 224 8 r. r. NOUN emaj-35 224 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 224 10 1996 1996 NUM emaj-35 224 11 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 224 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 224 13 trade trade NOUN emaj-35 224 14 policy policy NOUN emaj-35 224 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 224 16 the the DET emaj-35 224 17 third third ADJ emaj-35 224 18 world world NOUN emaj-35 224 19 metropolis metropolis PROPN emaj-35 224 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 224 21 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 224 22 of of ADP emaj-35 224 23 development development NOUN emaj-35 224 24 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 224 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 224 26 49(1 49(1 NOUN emaj-35 224 27 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 224 28 , , PUNCT emaj-35 224 29 pp pp PROPN emaj-35 224 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 225 1 137 137 NUM emaj-35 225 2 - - SYM emaj-35 225 3 50 50 NUM emaj-35 225 4 . . NOUN emaj-35 226 1 20 20 NUM emaj-35 226 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 227 1 lösch lösch PROPN emaj-35 227 2 a. a. NOUN emaj-35 227 3 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 227 4 1940 1940 NUM emaj-35 227 5 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 227 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 7 die die VERB emaj-35 227 8 räumliche räumliche PROPN emaj-35 227 9 ordnung ordnung PROPN emaj-35 227 10 der der PROPN emaj-35 227 11 wirtschaft wirtschaft PROPN emaj-35 227 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 13 iéna iéna PROPN emaj-35 227 14 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 15 g. g. PROPN emaj-35 227 16 fischer fischer PROPN emaj-35 227 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 18 english english ADJ emaj-35 227 19 translation translation NOUN emaj-35 227 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 227 21 1954 1954 NUM emaj-35 227 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 227 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 24 the the DET emaj-35 227 25 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 227 26 of of ADP emaj-35 227 27 location location NOUN emaj-35 227 28 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 29 new new ADJ emaj-35 227 30 haven haven NOUN emaj-35 227 31 , , PUNCT emaj-35 227 32 yale yale PROPN emaj-35 227 33 university university PROPN emaj-35 227 34 press press NOUN emaj-35 227 35 . . PUNCT emaj-35 228 1 21 21 NUM emaj-35 228 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 228 3 mansury mansury PROPN emaj-35 228 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 228 5 y. y. PROPN emaj-35 228 6 and and CCONJ emaj-35 228 7 gulyas gulyas PROPN emaj-35 228 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 228 9 l. l. PROPN emaj-35 228 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 228 11 2006 2006 NUM emaj-35 228 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 228 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 228 14 the the DET emaj-35 228 15 emergence emergence NOUN emaj-35 228 16 of of ADP emaj-35 228 17 zipf zipf VERB emaj-35 228 18 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 228 19 law law NOUN emaj-35 228 20 in in ADP emaj-35 228 21 a a DET emaj-35 228 22 system system NOUN emaj-35 228 23 of of ADP emaj-35 228 24 cities city NOUN emaj-35 228 25 : : PUNCT emaj-35 228 26 an an DET emaj-35 228 27 agen agen PROPN emaj-35 228 28 - - PUNCT emaj-35 228 29 based base VERB emaj-35 228 30 simulation simulation NOUN emaj-35 228 31 approach approach NOUN emaj-35 228 32 , , PUNCT emaj-35 228 33 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 228 34 of of ADP emaj-35 228 35 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 228 36 dynamics dynamic NOUN emaj-35 228 37 & & CCONJ emaj-35 228 38 control control PROPN emaj-35 228 39 , , PUNCT emaj-35 228 40 in in ADP emaj-35 228 41 the the DET emaj-35 228 42 course course NOUN emaj-35 228 43 of of ADP emaj-35 228 44 publishing publishing NOUN emaj-35 228 45 . . PUNCT emaj-35 229 1 22 22 NUM emaj-35 229 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 230 1 martin martin PROPN emaj-35 230 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 230 3 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 230 4 and and CCONJ emaj-35 230 5 ottaviano ottaviano PROPN emaj-35 230 6 , , PUNCT emaj-35 230 7 g.i.p g.i.p NOUN emaj-35 230 8 . . PUNCT emaj-35 230 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 230 10 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 230 11 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 230 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 230 13 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 230 14 and and CCONJ emaj-35 230 15 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 230 16 , , PUNCT emaj-35 230 17 international international ADJ emaj-35 230 18 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 230 19 review review NOUN emaj-35 230 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 230 21 42 42 NUM emaj-35 230 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 230 23 947–968 947–968 NUM emaj-35 230 24 . . PUNCT emaj-35 231 1 23 23 NUM emaj-35 231 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 231 3 page page NOUN emaj-35 231 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 231 5 s. s. PROPN emaj-35 231 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 231 7 1999 1999 NUM emaj-35 231 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 231 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 231 10 on on ADP emaj-35 231 11 the the DET emaj-35 231 12 emergence emergence NOUN emaj-35 231 13 of of ADP emaj-35 231 14 cities city NOUN emaj-35 231 15 , , PUNCT emaj-35 231 16 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 231 17 of of ADP emaj-35 231 18 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 231 19 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 231 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 231 21 45 45 NUM emaj-35 231 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 231 23 184 184 NUM emaj-35 231 24 - - SYM emaj-35 231 25 208 208 NUM emaj-35 231 26 . . PUNCT emaj-35 231 27         SPACE emaj-35 231 28 does do VERB emaj-35 231 29 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 231 30 - - NOUN emaj-35 231 31 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 231 32 change change NOUN emaj-35 231 33 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 231 34 process process NOUN emaj-35 231 35 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 232 1 the the DET emaj-35 232 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 232 3 of of ADP emaj-35 232 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 232 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 232 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 232 7 on on ADP emaj-35 232 8 the the DET emaj-35 232 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 232 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 232 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 232 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 232 13 of of ADP emaj-35 232 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 232 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 232 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 232 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 232 18 | | ADV emaj-35 232 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 232 20 a a PRON emaj-35 232 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 232 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 232 23 | | ADV emaj-35 232 24 8 8 NUM emaj-35 232 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 232 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 232 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 232 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 232 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 232 30 | | ADV emaj-35 232 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 232 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 232 33 - - SYM emaj-35 232 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 232 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 232 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 232 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 232 38 | | ADV emaj-35 232 39 doi doi X emaj-35 232 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 232 41 / / SYM emaj-35 232 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 232 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 232 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu NOUN emaj-35 232 45 24 24 NUM emaj-35 232 46 . . PUNCT emaj-35 232 47 parr parr PROPN emaj-35 232 48 , , PUNCT emaj-35 232 49 j.b j.b PROPN emaj-35 232 50 . . PUNCT emaj-35 232 51 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 232 52 1985 1985 NUM emaj-35 232 53 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 232 54 , , PUNCT emaj-35 232 55 a a DET emaj-35 232 56 note note NOUN emaj-35 232 57 on on ADP emaj-35 232 58 the the DET emaj-35 232 59 size size NOUN emaj-35 232 60 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 232 61 of of ADP emaj-35 232 62 cities city NOUN emaj-35 232 63 over over ADP emaj-35 232 64 time time NOUN emaj-35 232 65 , , PUNCT emaj-35 232 66 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 232 67 of of ADP emaj-35 232 68 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 232 69 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 232 70 , , PUNCT emaj-35 232 71 18(2 18(2 NUM emaj-35 232 72 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 232 73 , , PUNCT emaj-35 232 74 pp pp PROPN emaj-35 232 75 . . PUNCT emaj-35 232 76 199 199 NUM emaj-35 232 77 - - SYM emaj-35 232 78 212 212 NUM emaj-35 232 79 . . PUNCT emaj-35 233 1 25 25 NUM emaj-35 233 2 . . X emaj-35 233 3 pareto pareto VERB emaj-35 233 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 233 5 v. v. PROPN emaj-35 233 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 233 7 1897 1897 NUM emaj-35 233 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 233 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 233 10 cours cours X emaj-35 233 11 d’économie d’économie PROPN emaj-35 233 12 politique politique PROPN emaj-35 233 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 233 14 lausanne lausanne PROPN emaj-35 233 15 , , PUNCT emaj-35 233 16 switzerland switzerland PROPN emaj-35 233 17 : : PUNCT emaj-35 233 18 rouge rouge NOUN emaj-35 233 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 234 1 26 26 NUM emaj-35 234 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 235 1 pumain pumain PROPN emaj-35 235 2 d. d. PROPN emaj-35 235 3 and and CCONJ emaj-35 235 4 moriconi moriconi ADJ emaj-35 235 5 - - PUNCT emaj-35 235 6 ebrard ebrard ADJ emaj-35 235 7 f. f. NOUN emaj-35 235 8 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 235 9 1997 1997 NUM emaj-35 235 10 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 235 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 235 12 city city NOUN emaj-35 235 13 size size NOUN emaj-35 235 14 distributions distribution NOUN emaj-35 235 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 235 16 metropolisation metropolisation NOUN emaj-35 235 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 235 18 geojournal geojournal NOUN emaj-35 235 19 , , PUNCT emaj-35 235 20 n n CCONJ emaj-35 235 21 ° ° PROPN emaj-35 235 22 43 43 NUM emaj-35 235 23 - - SYM emaj-35 235 24 4 4 NUM emaj-35 235 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 235 26 pp.307 pp.307 PROPN emaj-35 235 27 - - PUNCT emaj-35 235 28 314 314 NUM emaj-35 235 29 . . PUNCT emaj-35 236 1 27 27 NUM emaj-35 236 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 237 1 rosen rosen PROPN emaj-35 237 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 237 3 k. k. PROPN emaj-35 237 4 t. t. PROPN emaj-35 237 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 237 6 resnick resnick PROPN emaj-35 237 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 237 8 m. m. NOUN emaj-35 237 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 237 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 237 11 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 237 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 237 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 237 14 the the DET emaj-35 237 15 size size NOUN emaj-35 237 16 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 237 17 of of ADP emaj-35 237 18 cities city NOUN emaj-35 237 19 : : PUNCT emaj-35 237 20 an an DET emaj-35 237 21 examination examination NOUN emaj-35 237 22 of of ADP emaj-35 237 23 the the DET emaj-35 237 24 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 237 25 law law NOUN emaj-35 237 26 and and CCONJ emaj-35 237 27 primacy primacy NOUN emaj-35 237 28 . . PUNCT emaj-35 238 1 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 238 2 of of ADP emaj-35 238 3 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 238 4 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 238 5 8 8 NUM emaj-35 238 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 238 7 2 2 NUM emaj-35 238 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 238 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 238 10 165{186 165{186 PROPN emaj-35 238 11 . . PROPN emaj-35 238 12 28 28 NUM emaj-35 238 13 . . PUNCT emaj-35 239 1 rosenstein rosenstein NOUN emaj-35 239 2 - - PUNCT emaj-35 239 3 rodan rodan PROPN emaj-35 239 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 239 5 p. p. NOUN emaj-35 239 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 239 7 1943 1943 NUM emaj-35 239 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 239 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 239 10 problems problem NOUN emaj-35 239 11 of of ADP emaj-35 239 12 industrialization industrialization NOUN emaj-35 239 13 in in ADP emaj-35 239 14 eastern eastern ADJ emaj-35 239 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 239 16 south south ADJ emaj-35 239 17 - - PUNCT emaj-35 239 18 eastern eastern PROPN emaj-35 239 19 europe europe PROPN emaj-35 239 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 239 21 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 239 22 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 239 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 239 24 53 53 NUM emaj-35 239 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 239 26 2002 2002 NUM emaj-35 239 27 - - SYM emaj-35 239 28 211 211 NUM emaj-35 239 29 . . PUNCT emaj-35 240 1 29 29 NUM emaj-35 240 2 . . X emaj-35 241 1 soo soo PROPN emaj-35 241 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 241 3 k.t k.t PROPN emaj-35 241 4 . . PROPN emaj-35 241 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 241 6 2005 2005 NUM emaj-35 241 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 241 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 241 9 zipf zipf VERB emaj-35 241 10 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 241 11 law law NOUN emaj-35 241 12 for for ADP emaj-35 241 13 cities city NOUN emaj-35 241 14 : : PUNCT emaj-35 241 15 a a DET emaj-35 241 16 cross cross ADJ emaj-35 241 17 - - ADJ emaj-35 241 18 country country ADJ emaj-35 241 19 investigation investigation NOUN emaj-35 241 20 , , PUNCT emaj-35 241 21 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 241 22 sciences science NOUN emaj-35 241 23 and and CCONJ emaj-35 241 24 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 241 25 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 241 26 , , PUNCT emaj-35 241 27 35 35 NUM emaj-35 241 28 , , PUNCT emaj-35 241 29 239 239 NUM emaj-35 241 30 - - SYM emaj-35 241 31 263 263 NUM emaj-35 241 32 . . PUNCT emaj-35 242 1 30 30 NUM emaj-35 242 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 243 1 turkish turkish ADJ emaj-35 243 2 statistical statistical ADJ emaj-35 243 3 institute institute NOUN emaj-35 243 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 243 5 2011 2011 NUM emaj-35 243 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 243 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 243 8 the the DET emaj-35 243 9 census census NOUN emaj-35 243 10 2011 2011 NUM emaj-35 243 11 . . PUNCT emaj-35 244 1 31 31 NUM emaj-35 244 2 . . PUNCT emaj-35 245 1 zipf zipf PROPN emaj-35 245 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 245 3 g.k g.k PROPN emaj-35 245 4 . . PROPN emaj-35 245 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 245 6 1949 1949 NUM emaj-35 245 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 245 8 , , PUNCT emaj-35 245 9 human human ADJ emaj-35 245 10 behavior behavior NOUN emaj-35 245 11 and and CCONJ emaj-35 245 12 the the DET emaj-35 245 13 principle principle NOUN emaj-35 245 14 of of ADP emaj-35 245 15 least least ADJ emaj-35 245 16 effort effort NOUN emaj-35 245 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 245 18 addison addison PROPN emaj-35 245 19 - - PUNCT emaj-35 245 20 wesley wesley PROPN emaj-35 245 21 press press PROPN emaj-35 245 22 32 32 NUM emaj-35 245 23 . . PUNCT emaj-35 246 1 waltz waltz NOUN emaj-35 246 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 3 u. u. PROPN emaj-35 246 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 246 5 1996 1996 NUM emaj-35 246 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 246 7 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 8 transport transport NOUN emaj-35 246 9 costs cost NOUN emaj-35 246 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 11 intermediate intermediate ADJ emaj-35 246 12 goods good NOUN emaj-35 246 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 14 and and CCONJ emaj-35 246 15 localized localized ADJ emaj-35 246 16 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 246 17 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 18 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 246 19 science science NOUN emaj-35 246 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 246 21 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 246 22 economics economic NOUN emaj-35 246 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 24 26 26 NUM emaj-35 246 25 , , PUNCT emaj-35 246 26 671–695 671–695 NUM emaj-35 246 27 . . PUNCT emaj-35 246 28 table table NOUN emaj-35 246 29 1 1 NUM emaj-35 246 30 : : PUNCT emaj-35 246 31 structural structural ADJ emaj-35 246 32 indicators indicator NOUN emaj-35 246 33 of of ADP emaj-35 246 34 european european ADJ emaj-35 246 35 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 246 36 reform reform NOUN emaj-35 246 37 1 1 NUM emaj-35 246 38 . . PUNCT emaj-35 247 1 headline headline NOUN emaj-35 247 2 indicators indicator NOUN emaj-35 247 3 gross gross ADJ emaj-35 247 4 domestic domestic ADJ emaj-35 247 5 product product NOUN emaj-35 247 6 employment employment NOUN emaj-35 247 7 research research NOUN emaj-35 247 8 and and CCONJ emaj-35 247 9 development development NOUN emaj-35 247 10 spending spend VERB emaj-35 247 11 ict ict PROPN emaj-35 247 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 247 13 inf inf PROPN emaj-35 247 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 247 15 com com PROPN emaj-35 247 16 . . PUNCT emaj-35 247 17 tech tech NOUN emaj-35 247 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 247 19 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 248 1 expenditure expenditure NOUN emaj-35 248 2 prices price NOUN emaj-35 248 3 in in ADP emaj-35 248 4 network network NOUN emaj-35 248 5 industries industry NOUN emaj-35 248 6 business business NOUN emaj-35 248 7 investment investment NOUN emaj-35 248 8 trade trade NOUN emaj-35 248 9 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 248 10 at at ADP emaj-35 248 11 risk risk NOUN emaj-35 248 12 of of ADP emaj-35 248 13 poverty poverty NOUN emaj-35 248 14 before before ADP emaj-35 248 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 248 16 after after ADP emaj-35 248 17 social social ADJ emaj-35 248 18 transfers transfer NOUN emaj-35 248 19 long long ADJ emaj-35 248 20 - - PUNCT emaj-35 248 21 term term NOUN emaj-35 248 22 unemployment unemployment NOUN emaj-35 248 23 dispersion dispersion NOUN emaj-35 248 24 of of ADP emaj-35 248 25 regional regional ADJ emaj-35 248 26 employment employment NOUN emaj-35 248 27 rates rate NOUN emaj-35 248 28 further far ADV emaj-35 248 29 education education NOUN emaj-35 248 30 greenhouse greenhouse NOUN emaj-35 248 31 gas gas NOUN emaj-35 248 32 emissions emission NOUN emaj-35 248 33 5 5 NUM emaj-35 248 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 249 1 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 249 2 reform reform NOUN emaj-35 249 3 prices price NOUN emaj-35 249 4 market market NOUN emaj-35 249 5 structure structure NOUN emaj-35 249 6 in in ADP emaj-35 249 7 network network NOUN emaj-35 249 8 industries industry NOUN emaj-35 249 9 public public ADJ emaj-35 249 10 procurement procurement NOUN emaj-35 249 11 state state NOUN emaj-35 249 12 aids aids PROPN emaj-35 249 13 2 2 NUM emaj-35 249 14 . . PUNCT emaj-35 249 15 general general ADJ emaj-35 249 16 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 249 17 background background NOUN emaj-35 249 18 labour labour PROPN emaj-35 249 19 productivity productivity NOUN emaj-35 249 20 employment employment NOUN emaj-35 249 21 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 249 22 inflation inflation NOUN emaj-35 249 23 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 249 24 unit unit NOUN emaj-35 249 25 labour labour NOUN emaj-35 249 26 cost cost NOUN emaj-35 249 27 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 249 28 public public ADJ emaj-35 249 29 balances balance NOUN emaj-35 249 30 general general ADJ emaj-35 249 31 government government NOUN emaj-35 249 32 debt debt NOUN emaj-35 249 33 6 6 NUM emaj-35 249 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 249 35 social social ADJ emaj-35 249 36 cohesion cohesion NOUN emaj-35 249 37 inequality inequality NOUN emaj-35 249 38 of of ADP emaj-35 249 39 income income NOUN emaj-35 249 40 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 249 41 persistent persistent ADJ emaj-35 249 42 risk risk NOUN emaj-35 249 43 of of ADP emaj-35 249 44 poverty poverty NOUN emaj-35 249 45 population population NOUN emaj-35 249 46 living live VERB emaj-35 249 47 in in ADP emaj-35 249 48 jobless jobless ADJ emaj-35 249 49 households household NOUN emaj-35 249 50 3 3 NUM emaj-35 249 51 . . PUNCT emaj-35 249 52 employment employment NOUN emaj-35 249 53 effective effective ADJ emaj-35 249 54 active active ADJ emaj-35 249 55 exit exit NOUN emaj-35 249 56 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 249 57 gender gender NOUN emaj-35 249 58 pay pay NOUN emaj-35 249 59 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 249 60 in in ADP emaj-35 249 61 unadjusted unadjusted ADJ emaj-35 249 62 form form NOUN emaj-35 249 63 tax tax NOUN emaj-35 249 64 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 249 65 on on ADP emaj-35 249 66 low low ADJ emaj-35 249 67 wage wage NOUN emaj-35 249 68 earners earner NOUN emaj-35 249 69 life life NOUN emaj-35 249 70 - - PUNCT emaj-35 249 71 long long ADV emaj-35 249 72 learning learning NOUN emaj-35 249 73 accidents accident NOUN emaj-35 249 74 at at ADP emaj-35 249 75 work work NOUN emaj-35 249 76 unemployment unemployment NOUN emaj-35 249 77 rate rate NOUN emaj-35 249 78 7 7 NUM emaj-35 249 79 . . PUNCT emaj-35 249 80 environment environment NOUN emaj-35 249 81 energy energy NOUN emaj-35 249 82 intensity intensity NOUN emaj-35 249 83 of of ADP emaj-35 249 84 the the DET emaj-35 249 85 economy economy NOUN emaj-35 249 86 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 249 87 of of ADP emaj-35 249 88 transport transport NOUN emaj-35 249 89 relative relative ADJ emaj-35 249 90 to to ADP emaj-35 249 91 gdp gdp NOUN emaj-35 249 92 modal modal NOUN emaj-35 249 93 split split NOUN emaj-35 249 94 of of ADP emaj-35 249 95 transport transport NOUN emaj-35 249 96 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 249 97 air air PROPN emaj-35 249 98 quality quality PROPN emaj-35 249 99 municipal municipal ADJ emaj-35 249 100 waste waste NOUN emaj-35 249 101 renewables renewable NOUN emaj-35 249 102 in in ADP emaj-35 249 103 electricity electricity NOUN emaj-35 249 104 consumption consumption NOUN emaj-35 249 105 4 4 NUM emaj-35 249 106 . . PUNCT emaj-35 250 1 innovation innovation NOUN emaj-35 250 2 and and CCONJ emaj-35 250 3 research research NOUN emaj-35 250 4 spending spending NOUN emaj-35 250 5 on on ADP emaj-35 250 6 human human ADJ emaj-35 250 7 resources resource NOUN emaj-35 250 8 level level NOUN emaj-35 250 9 of of ADP emaj-35 250 10 internet internet NOUN emaj-35 250 11 access access NOUN emaj-35 250 12 science science NOUN emaj-35 250 13 and and CCONJ emaj-35 250 14 technology technology NOUN emaj-35 250 15 graduates graduate VERB emaj-35 250 16 patents patent NOUN emaj-35 250 17 venture venture NOUN emaj-35 250 18 capital capital NOUN emaj-35 250 19 investments investment NOUN emaj-35 250 20         SPACE emaj-35 250 21 does do VERB emaj-35 250 22 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 250 23 - - NOUN emaj-35 250 24 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 250 25 change change NOUN emaj-35 250 26 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 250 27 process process NOUN emaj-35 250 28 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 251 1 the the DET emaj-35 251 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 251 3 of of ADP emaj-35 251 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 251 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 251 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 251 7 on on ADP emaj-35 251 8 the the DET emaj-35 251 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 251 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 251 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 251 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 251 13 of of ADP emaj-35 251 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 251 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 251 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 251 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 251 18 | | ADV emaj-35 251 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 251 20 a a DET emaj-35 251 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 251 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 251 23 | | ADV emaj-35 251 24 9 9 NUM emaj-35 251 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 251 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 251 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 251 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 251 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 251 30 | | ADV emaj-35 251 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 251 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 251 33 - - SYM emaj-35 251 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 251 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 251 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 251 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 252 1 | | ADV emaj-35 252 2 doi doi X emaj-35 252 3 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 252 4 / / SYM emaj-35 252 5 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 252 6 | | NOUN emaj-35 252 7 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu VERB emaj-35 252 8 graphic graphic NOUN emaj-35 252 9 1 1 NUM emaj-35 252 10 : : PUNCT emaj-35 252 11 city city NOUN emaj-35 252 12 - - PUNCT emaj-35 252 13 size size NOUN emaj-35 252 14 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 252 15 of of ADP emaj-35 252 16 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 252 17 with with ADP emaj-35 252 18 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 252 19 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 252 20 1950 1950 NUM emaj-35 252 21 1955 1955 NUM emaj-35 252 22 1960 1960 NUM emaj-35 252 23 1965 1965 NUM emaj-35 252 24 1970 1970 NUM emaj-35 252 25 1975 1975 NUM emaj-35 252 26 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 252 27 1985 1985 NUM emaj-35 252 28 1990 1990 NUM emaj-35 252 29 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 252 30 2000 2000 NUM emaj-35 252 31 2005 2005 NUM emaj-35 252 32 2010 2010 NUM emaj-35 253 1 0,3 0,3 NUM emaj-35 253 2 0,4 0,4 NUM emaj-35 253 3 0,5 0,5 NUM emaj-35 253 4 0,6 0,6 NUM emaj-35 253 5 0,7 0,7 NUM emaj-35 253 6 0,8 0,8 NUM emaj-35 253 7 0,9 0,9 NUM emaj-35 253 8 1,0 1,0 NUM emaj-35 253 9 1,1 1,1 NUM emaj-35 253 10 1,2 1,2 NUM emaj-35 253 11 city city NOUN emaj-35 253 12 - - PUNCT emaj-35 253 13 size size NOUN emaj-35 253 14 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 253 15 of of ADP emaj-35 253 16 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 253 17 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 253 18 1955 1955 NUM emaj-35 253 19 - - SYM emaj-35 253 20 2010 2010 NUM emaj-35 253 21 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 253 22 with with ADP emaj-35 253 23 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 253 24 est est X emaj-35 253 25 . . PUNCT emaj-35 254 1 β β NOUN emaj-35 254 2 years year NOUN emaj-35 254 3 cityprop cityprop PROPN emaj-35 254 4 agglom agglom PROPN emaj-35 254 5 graphic graphic PROPN emaj-35 254 6 2 2 NUM emaj-35 254 7 : : PUNCT emaj-35 254 8 city city NOUN emaj-35 254 9 - - PUNCT emaj-35 254 10 size size NOUN emaj-35 254 11 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 254 12 of of ADP emaj-35 254 13 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 254 14 with with ADP emaj-35 254 15 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 254 16 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 254 17 1950 1950 NUM emaj-35 254 18 1955 1955 NUM emaj-35 254 19 1960 1960 NUM emaj-35 254 20 1965 1965 NUM emaj-35 254 21 1970 1970 NUM emaj-35 254 22 1975 1975 NUM emaj-35 254 23 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 254 24 1985 1985 NUM emaj-35 254 25 1990 1990 NUM emaj-35 254 26 1995 1995 NUM emaj-35 254 27 2000 2000 NUM emaj-35 254 28 2005 2005 NUM emaj-35 254 29 2010 2010 NUM emaj-35 254 30 0,70 0,70 NOUN emaj-35 254 31 0,75 0,75 NOUN emaj-35 254 32 0,80 0,80 NOUN emaj-35 254 33 0,85 0,85 ADP emaj-35 254 34 0,90 0,90 NOUN emaj-35 255 1 0,95 0,95 NUM emaj-35 256 1 1,00 1,00 NUM emaj-35 256 2 1,05 1,05 NUM emaj-35 256 3 1,10 1,10 NUM emaj-35 256 4 1,15 1,15 NUM emaj-35 256 5 1,20 1,20 NUM emaj-35 256 6 city city NOUN emaj-35 256 7 - - PUNCT emaj-35 256 8 size size NOUN emaj-35 256 9 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 256 10 of of ADP emaj-35 256 11 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 256 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 256 13 1955 1955 NUM emaj-35 256 14 - - SYM emaj-35 256 15 2010 2010 NUM emaj-35 256 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 256 17 with with ADP emaj-35 256 18 hill hill PROPN emaj-35 256 19 est est X emaj-35 256 20 . . PUNCT emaj-35 257 1 β β NOUN emaj-35 257 2 years year NOUN emaj-35 257 3 cityprop cityprop PROPN emaj-35 257 4 agglom agglom PROPN emaj-35 257 5             SPACE emaj-35 257 6 does do VERB emaj-35 257 7 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 257 8 - - NOUN emaj-35 257 9 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 257 10 change change NOUN emaj-35 257 11 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 257 12 process process NOUN emaj-35 257 13 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 258 1 the the DET emaj-35 258 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 258 3 of of ADP emaj-35 258 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 258 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 258 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 258 7 on on ADP emaj-35 258 8 the the DET emaj-35 258 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 258 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 258 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 258 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 258 13 of of ADP emaj-35 258 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 258 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 258 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 258 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 258 18 | | ADV emaj-35 258 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 258 20 a a DET emaj-35 258 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 258 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 258 23 | | ADV emaj-35 258 24 10 10 NUM emaj-35 258 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 258 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 258 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 258 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 258 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 258 30 | | ADV emaj-35 258 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 258 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 258 33 - - SYM emaj-35 258 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 258 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 258 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 258 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 258 38 | | ADV emaj-35 258 39 doi doi X emaj-35 258 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 258 41 / / SYM emaj-35 258 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 258 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 258 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu NOUN emaj-35 258 45 table table NOUN emaj-35 258 46 2 2 NUM emaj-35 258 47 : : PUNCT emaj-35 258 48 city city NOUN emaj-35 258 49 size size NOUN emaj-35 258 50 according accord VERB emaj-35 258 51 to to ADP emaj-35 258 52 city city NOUN emaj-35 258 53 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 258 54 and and CCONJ emaj-35 258 55 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 258 56 definitions definition NOUN emaj-35 258 57 city city NOUN emaj-35 258 58 name name NOUN emaj-35 258 59 city city VERB emaj-35 258 60 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 258 61 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 258 62 adana adana PROPN emaj-35 258 63 * * PROPN emaj-35 258 64 2.006.650 2.006.650 NUM emaj-35 258 65 1.611.262 1.611.262 NUM emaj-35 258 66 ankara ankara NOUN emaj-35 258 67 * * PUNCT emaj-35 258 68 4.466.756 4.466.756 NUM emaj-35 258 69 4.140.890 4.140.890 NUM emaj-35 258 70 antalya antalya NOUN emaj-35 258 71 * * PROPN emaj-35 258 72 1.789.295 1.789.295 NUM emaj-35 258 73 1.127.634 1.127.634 NUM emaj-35 258 74 balikesir balikesir NOUN emaj-35 258 75 1.118.313 1.118.313 NUM emaj-35 258 76 649.423 649.423 NUM emaj-35 258 77 bursa bursa NOUN emaj-35 258 78 * * NOUN emaj-35 258 79 2.439.876 2.439.876 NUM emaj-35 258 80 1.979.999 1.979.999 NUM emaj-35 258 81 diyarbakir diyarbakir NOUN emaj-35 258 82 1.460.714 1.460.714 NUM emaj-35 258 83 855.389 855.389 NUM emaj-35 258 84 gaziantep gaziantep NOUN emaj-35 258 85 * * PROPN emaj-35 258 86 1.560.023 1.560.023 NUM emaj-35 258 87 1.342.518 1.342.518 NUM emaj-35 258 88 hatay hatay NOUN emaj-35 258 89 1.386.224 1.386.224 NUM emaj-35 258 90 681.665 681.665 NUM emaj-35 258 91 mersin mersin PROPN emaj-35 258 92 * * PROPN emaj-35 258 93 1.595.938 1.595.938 NUM emaj-35 258 94 1.056.331 1.056.331 NUM emaj-35 258 95 i̇stanbul i̇stanbul NOUN emaj-35 258 96 * * PUNCT emaj-35 259 1 12.573.836 12.573.836 NUM emaj-35 259 2 11.174.257 11.174.257 NUM emaj-35 259 3 i̇zmir i̇zmir NOUN emaj-35 259 4 * * NOUN emaj-35 259 5 3.739.353 3.739.353 NUM emaj-35 259 6 3.175.133 3.175.133 NUM emaj-35 259 7 kayseri kayseri PROPN emaj-35 259 8 1.165.088 1.165.088 NUM emaj-35 259 9 895.253 895.253 NUM emaj-35 259 10 kocaeli kocaeli VERB emaj-35 259 11 1.437.926 1.437.926 NUM emaj-35 259 12 894.242 894.242 NUM emaj-35 259 13 konya konya PROPN emaj-35 259 14 * * PROPN emaj-35 260 1 1.959.082 1.959.082 NUM emaj-35 260 2 1.412.343 1.412.343 NUM emaj-35 260 3 manisa manisa PROPN emaj-35 260 4 1.319.920 1.319.920 NUM emaj-35 260 5 841.059 841.059 NUM emaj-35 260 6 k.maras k.mara NOUN emaj-35 260 7 1.004.414 1.004.414 NUM emaj-35 260 8 584.726 584.726 NUM emaj-35 260 9 samsun samsun NOUN emaj-35 260 10 1.228.959 1.228.959 NUM emaj-35 260 11 725.111 725.111 NUM emaj-35 260 12 s.urfa s.urfa NOUN emaj-35 260 13 1.523.099 1.523.099 NUM emaj-35 260 14 919.832 919.832 NUM emaj-35 260 15 total total NOUN emaj-35 260 16 43.775.466 43.775.466 PROPN emaj-35 260 17 27.020.367 27.020.367 NUM emaj-35 260 18 source source NOUN emaj-35 260 19 : : PUNCT emaj-35 260 20 turkish turkish ADJ emaj-35 260 21 statistical statistical ADJ emaj-35 260 22 institute institute NOUN emaj-35 260 23 , , PUNCT emaj-35 260 24 the the DET emaj-35 260 25 census census NOUN emaj-35 260 26 2011 2011 NUM emaj-35 260 27 * * PUNCT emaj-35 260 28 denotes denote NOUN emaj-35 260 29 agglomerations agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 260 30 . . PUNCT emaj-35 260 31         SPACE emaj-35 260 32 does do VERB emaj-35 260 33 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 260 34 - - NOUN emaj-35 260 35 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 260 36 change change NOUN emaj-35 260 37 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 260 38 process process NOUN emaj-35 260 39 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 261 1 the the DET emaj-35 261 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 261 3 of of ADP emaj-35 261 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 261 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 261 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 261 7 on on ADP emaj-35 261 8 the the DET emaj-35 261 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 261 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 261 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 261 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 261 13 of of ADP emaj-35 261 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 261 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 261 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 261 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 261 18 | | ADV emaj-35 261 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 261 20 a a DET emaj-35 261 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 261 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 261 23 | | ADV emaj-35 261 24 11 11 NUM emaj-35 261 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 261 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 261 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 261 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 261 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 261 30 | | ADV emaj-35 261 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 261 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 261 33 - - SYM emaj-35 261 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 261 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 261 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 261 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 262 1 | | ADV emaj-35 262 2 doi doi X emaj-35 262 3 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 262 4 / / SYM emaj-35 262 5 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 262 6 | | NOUN emaj-35 262 7 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu NOUN emaj-35 262 8 table table NOUN emaj-35 262 9 3 3 NUM emaj-35 262 10 : : PUNCT emaj-35 262 11 the the DET emaj-35 262 12 impacts impact NOUN emaj-35 262 13 of of ADP emaj-35 262 14 the the DET emaj-35 262 15 variables variable NOUN emaj-35 262 16 on on ADP emaj-35 262 17 the the DET emaj-35 262 18 city city NOUN emaj-35 262 19 - - PUNCT emaj-35 262 20 size size NOUN emaj-35 262 21 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 262 22 of of ADP emaj-35 262 23 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 262 24 with with ADP emaj-35 262 25 pareto pareto VERB emaj-35 262 26 with with ADP emaj-35 262 27 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 262 28 estimator estimator NOUN emaj-35 262 29 city city PROPN emaj-35 262 30 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 262 31 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 262 32 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 262 33 city city NOUN emaj-35 262 34 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 262 35 urban urban ADJ emaj-35 262 36 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 262 37 variables variable NOUN emaj-35 263 1 i i NOUN emaj-35 263 2 ii ii VERB emaj-35 263 3 iii iii NUM emaj-35 263 4 iv iv NUM emaj-35 263 5 3.121001 3.121001 NUM emaj-35 263 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 7 0.73413 0.73413 NUM emaj-35 263 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 9 6.441375 6.441375 NUM emaj-35 263 10 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 11 0.140473 0.140473 NUM emaj-35 263 12 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 13 9.111630 9.111630 NUM emaj-35 263 14 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 15 0.012121 0.012121 NUM emaj-35 263 16 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 17 10.222454 10.222454 NUM emaj-35 263 18 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 19 1,232587 1,232587 NUM emaj-35 263 20 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 21 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 22 + + NOUN emaj-35 263 23 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 24 0.259721 0.259721 NUM emaj-35 263 25 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 26 3.717440 3.717440 NUM emaj-35 263 27 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 28 0.262350 0.262350 NUM emaj-35 263 29 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 30 7.164872 7.164872 NUM emaj-35 263 31 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 32 0.200405 0.200405 NUM emaj-35 263 33 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 34 6.166015 6.166015 NUM emaj-35 263 35 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 36 0.365517 0.365517 PROPN emaj-35 263 37 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 38 2.149015 2.149015 NUM emaj-35 263 39 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 40 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 41 + + NOUN emaj-35 263 42 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 43 0.221015 0.221015 NUM emaj-35 263 44 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 45 3.155731 3.155731 NUM emaj-35 263 46 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 47 0.200444 0.200444 NUM emaj-35 263 48 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 49 5.009813 5.009813 NUM emaj-35 263 50 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 51 0.140792 0.140792 NUM emaj-35 263 52 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 53 4.020072 4.020072 NUM emaj-35 263 54 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 55 0.162852 0.162852 NUM emaj-35 263 56 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 57 3.789456 3.789456 NUM emaj-35 263 58 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 59 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 60 - - SYM emaj-35 263 61 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 62 -0.081410 -0.081410 NOUN emaj-35 263 63 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 64 -3.341472 -3.341472 NOUN emaj-35 263 65 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 66 -0.102580 -0.102580 NOUN emaj-35 263 67 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 68 -4.090404 -4.090404 NOUN emaj-35 263 69 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 70 -0.071334 -0.071334 PUNCT emaj-35 263 71 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 72 -4.004401 -4.004401 NOUN emaj-35 263 73 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 74 -0.050019 -0.050019 PUNCT emaj-35 263 75 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 76 -2.237846 -2.237846 PROPN emaj-35 263 77 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 78 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 79 - - SYM emaj-35 263 80 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 81 -0.039284 -0.039284 NOUN emaj-35 263 82 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 83 2.921424 2.921424 NUM emaj-35 263 84 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 85 -0.031783 -0.031783 NOUN emaj-35 263 86 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 263 87 -4.161622 -4.161622 PROPN emaj-35 263 88 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 263 89 -0.060229 -0.060229 PROPN emaj-35 264 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 2 -3.960131 -3.960131 PROPN emaj-35 264 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 4 -0.056560 -0.056560 NOUN emaj-35 264 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 6 -6.000450 -6.000450 NOUN emaj-35 264 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 8 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 9 + + X emaj-35 264 10 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 11 0.037678 0.037678 NUM emaj-35 264 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 13 2.964034 2.964034 NUM emaj-35 264 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 15 0.008158 0.008158 NUM emaj-35 264 16 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 17 5.122181 5.122181 NUM emaj-35 264 18 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 19 0.042414 0.042414 NUM emaj-35 264 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 21 4.005118 4.005118 NUM emaj-35 264 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 23 0.039844 0.039844 NUM emaj-35 264 24 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 25 4.689547 4.689547 NUM emaj-35 264 26 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 27 lnwage lnwage NOUN emaj-35 264 28 - - PUNCT emaj-35 264 29 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 264 30 0.047812 0.047812 NUM emaj-35 264 31 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 32 5.723450 5.723450 NUM emaj-35 264 33 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 34 0.041840 0.041840 NUM emaj-35 264 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 36 4.937915 4.937915 NUM emaj-35 264 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 38 0.033515 0.033515 NUM emaj-35 264 39 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 40 4.783017 4.783017 NUM emaj-35 264 41 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 264 42 0.050214 0.050214 NUM emaj-35 264 43 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 264 44 3.852465 3.852465 NUM emaj-35 264 45 lnwage lnwage NOUN emaj-35 264 46 - - PUNCT emaj-35 264 47 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 264 48 -0.099504 -0.099504 PUNCT emaj-35 265 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 265 2 -5.050471 -5.050471 NOUN emaj-35 265 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 265 4 -0.059819 -0.059819 VERB emaj-35 265 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 265 6 -3.950544 -3.950544 NOUN emaj-35 265 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 265 8 -0.050024 -0.050024 NOUN emaj-35 265 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 265 10 -5.321180 -5.321180 NOUN emaj-35 265 11 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 265 12 -0.062889 -0.062889 PROPN emaj-35 265 13 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 265 14 -5.964713 -5.964713 PROPN emaj-35 265 15 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 265 16 lnprice lnprice NOUN emaj-35 265 17 - - PUNCT emaj-35 265 18 gap gap NOUN emaj-35 265 19 -0.066694 -0.066694 NOUN emaj-35 265 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 265 21 -4.274024 -4.274024 PROPN emaj-35 265 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 265 23 -0.071989 -0.071989 PROPN emaj-35 266 1 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 2 -4.417751 -4.417751 NUM emaj-35 266 3 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 4 -0.045556 -0.045556 PROPN emaj-35 266 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 6 4.785651 4.785651 NUM emaj-35 266 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 8 -0.082146 -0.082146 NOUN emaj-35 266 9 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 10 4.242240 4.242240 NUM emaj-35 266 11 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 12 lngdp lngdp NOUN emaj-35 266 13 - - PUNCT emaj-35 266 14 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 266 15 0.112042 0.112042 NUM emaj-35 266 16 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 17 3.730001 3.730001 NUM emaj-35 266 18 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 19 0.120013 0.120013 NUM emaj-35 266 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 21 3.931110 3.931110 NUM emaj-35 266 22 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 23 0.094415 0.094415 NUM emaj-35 266 24 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 25 5.389067 5.389067 NUM emaj-35 266 26 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 27 0.078254 0.078254 NUM emaj-35 266 28 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 29 5.208540 5.208540 NUM emaj-35 266 30 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 31 lnopenness lnopenness ADV emaj-35 266 32 0.0861333 0.0861333 NUM emaj-35 266 33 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 34 4.132394 4.132394 NUM emaj-35 266 35 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 36 0.114404 0.114404 NUM emaj-35 266 37 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 38 4.197476 4.197476 NUM emaj-35 266 39 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 40 0.050642 0.050642 NUM emaj-35 266 41 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 42 3.941546 3.941546 NUM emaj-35 266 43 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 44 0.089999 0.089999 NUM emaj-35 266 45 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 46 3.789524 3.789524 NUM emaj-35 266 47 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 48 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 266 49 fdi fdi NOUN emaj-35 266 50 0.069888 0.069888 NUM emaj-35 266 51 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 52 5.111413 5.111413 NUM emaj-35 266 53 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 54 0.091902 0.091902 NUM emaj-35 266 55 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 56 3.160041 3.160041 NUM emaj-35 266 57 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 58 0.059841 0.059841 NUM emaj-35 266 59 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 60 5.078484 5.078484 NUM emaj-35 266 61 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 62 0.0902148 0.0902148 NUM emaj-35 266 63 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 64 4.665659 4.665659 NUM emaj-35 266 65 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 66 lnpop lnpop NOUN emaj-35 266 67 - - PUNCT emaj-35 266 68 gowth gowth NOUN emaj-35 266 69 0.031111 0.031111 NUM emaj-35 266 70 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 71 5.102224 5.102224 NUM emaj-35 266 72 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 73 0.022214 0.022214 NUM emaj-35 266 74 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 75 3.664478 3.664478 NUM emaj-35 266 76 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 77 0.021111 0.021111 NUM emaj-35 266 78 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 79 6.113331 6.113331 NUM emaj-35 266 80 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 81 0.048521 0.048521 NUM emaj-35 266 82 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 83 6.568500 6.568500 NUM emaj-35 266 84 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 85 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 86 + + NOUN emaj-35 266 87 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 88 0.031122 0.031122 NUM emaj-35 266 89 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 90 4.198751 4.198751 NUM emaj-35 266 91 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 92 0.041000 0.041000 NUM emaj-35 266 93 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 94 4.325646 4.325646 NUM emaj-35 266 95 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 96 0.032147 0.032147 NUM emaj-35 266 97 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 98 4.686861 4.686861 NUM emaj-35 266 99 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 100 0.025840 0.025840 NUM emaj-35 266 101 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 102 5.165847 5.165847 NUM emaj-35 266 103 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 104 0.76 0.76 NUM emaj-35 266 105 0.80 0.80 NUM emaj-35 266 106 0.54 0.54 NUM emaj-35 266 107 0.58 0.58 NUM emaj-35 266 108 all all DET emaj-35 266 109 values value NOUN emaj-35 266 110 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 266 111 out out ADP emaj-35 266 112 of of ADP emaj-35 266 113 constant constant ADJ emaj-35 266 114 terms term NOUN emaj-35 266 115 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 266 116 are be AUX emaj-35 266 117 significant significant ADJ emaj-35 266 118 at at ADP emaj-35 266 119 0.1 0.1 NUM emaj-35 266 120 . . PUNCT emaj-35 267 1 t t NOUN emaj-35 267 2 values value NOUN emaj-35 267 3 are be AUX emaj-35 267 4 presented present VERB emaj-35 267 5 in in ADP emaj-35 267 6 parenthesis parenthesis NOUN emaj-35 267 7 . . PUNCT emaj-35 268 1 β β X emaj-35 268 2 β β X emaj-35 268 3 0α 0α PROPN emaj-35 269 1 1,ln 1,ln NUM emaj-35 269 2 −ttrm −ttrm NUM emaj-35 269 3 ttrjiimig ttrjiimig NOUN emaj-35 269 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 5 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 6 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 269 7 → → SYM emaj-35 269 8 ttrijimig ttrijimig NOUN emaj-35 269 9 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 10 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 11 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 269 12 → → SYM emaj-35 269 13 ttreuimig ttreuimig NOUN emaj-35 269 14 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 15 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 269 16 → → PUNCT emaj-35 269 17 teutrimig teutrimig NOUN emaj-35 269 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 19 ln ln ADJ emaj-35 269 20 → → PUNCT emaj-35 269 21 ttreu ttreu NOUN emaj-35 269 22 , , PUNCT emaj-35 269 23 2r 2r NUM emaj-35 269 24         SPACE emaj-35 269 25 does do VERB emaj-35 269 26 eu eu ADJ emaj-35 269 27 - - NOUN emaj-35 269 28 integration integration NOUN emaj-35 269 29 change change NOUN emaj-35 269 30 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 269 31 process process NOUN emaj-35 269 32 ? ? PUNCT emaj-35 270 1 the the DET emaj-35 270 2 impact impact NOUN emaj-35 270 3 of of ADP emaj-35 270 4 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 270 5 membership membership NOUN emaj-35 270 6 process process NOUN emaj-35 270 7 on on ADP emaj-35 270 8 the the DET emaj-35 270 9 city city NOUN emaj-35 270 10 - - PUNCT emaj-35 270 11 size size NOUN emaj-35 270 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 270 13 of of ADP emaj-35 270 14 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 270 15 emerging emerge VERB emaj-35 270 16 markets market NOUN emaj-35 270 17 journal journal NOUN emaj-35 270 18 | | ADV emaj-35 270 19 p p NOUN emaj-35 270 20 a a DET emaj-35 270 21 g g NOUN emaj-35 270 22 e e NOUN emaj-35 270 23 | | ADV emaj-35 270 24 12 12 NUM emaj-35 270 25 volume volume NOUN emaj-35 270 26 3 3 NUM emaj-35 270 27 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 270 28 2013 2013 NUM emaj-35 270 29 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 270 30 | | ADV emaj-35 270 31 issn issn VERB emaj-35 270 32 2158 2158 NUM emaj-35 270 33 - - SYM emaj-35 270 34 8708 8708 NUM emaj-35 270 35 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 270 36 online online NOUN emaj-35 270 37 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 270 38 | | ADV emaj-35 270 39 doi doi X emaj-35 270 40 10.5195 10.5195 NUM emaj-35 270 41 / / SYM emaj-35 270 42 emaj.2013.35 emaj.2013.35 NOUN emaj-35 270 43 | | NOUN emaj-35 270 44 http://emaj.pitt.edu http://emaj.pitt.edu NOUN emaj-35 270 45 endnotes endnote NOUN emaj-35 270 46 : : PUNCT emaj-35 270 47 1 1 NUM emaj-35 270 48 although although SCONJ emaj-35 270 49 auerbach auerbach PROPN emaj-35 270 50 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 270 51 1913 1913 NUM emaj-35 270 52 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 270 53 is be AUX emaj-35 270 54 considered consider VERB emaj-35 270 55 as as ADP emaj-35 270 56 the the DET emaj-35 270 57 first first ADJ emaj-35 270 58 scholar scholar NOUN emaj-35 270 59 who who PRON emaj-35 270 60 observed observe VERB emaj-35 270 61 the the DET emaj-35 270 62 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 270 63 regularity regularity NOUN emaj-35 270 64 in in ADP emaj-35 270 65 the the DET emaj-35 270 66 size size NOUN emaj-35 270 67 of of ADP emaj-35 270 68 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 270 69 of of ADP emaj-35 270 70 cities city NOUN emaj-35 270 71 this this DET emaj-35 270 72 phenomena phenomenon NOUN emaj-35 270 73 was be AUX emaj-35 270 74 recognized recognize VERB emaj-35 270 75 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 270 76 zipf zipf PROPN emaj-35 270 77 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 270 78 law law NOUN emaj-35 270 79 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 270 80 due due ADP emaj-35 270 81 to to ADP emaj-35 270 82 zipf zipf PROPN emaj-35 270 83 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 270 84 1949 1949 NUM emaj-35 270 85 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 270 86 who who PRON emaj-35 270 87 propagated propagate VERB emaj-35 270 88 this this DET emaj-35 270 89 regularity regularity NOUN emaj-35 270 90 . . PUNCT emaj-35 271 1 what what PRON emaj-35 271 2 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 271 3 did do AUX emaj-35 271 4 is be AUX emaj-35 271 5 that that SCONJ emaj-35 271 6 he he PRON emaj-35 271 7 had have AUX emaj-35 271 8 tried try VERB emaj-35 271 9 to to PART emaj-35 271 10 approximate approximate VERB emaj-35 271 11 the the DET emaj-35 271 12 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 271 13 of of ADP emaj-35 271 14 city city NOUN emaj-35 271 15 sizes size NOUN emaj-35 271 16 with with ADP emaj-35 271 17 a a DET emaj-35 271 18 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 271 19 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 271 20 . . PUNCT emaj-35 272 1 this this PRON emaj-35 272 2 is be AUX emaj-35 272 3 also also ADV emaj-35 272 4 known know VERB emaj-35 272 5 « « PUNCT emaj-35 272 6 power power NOUN emaj-35 272 7 law law NOUN emaj-35 272 8 » » NOUN emaj-35 272 9 . . PUNCT emaj-35 273 1 this this PRON emaj-35 273 2 basically basically ADV emaj-35 273 3 says say VERB emaj-35 273 4 that that SCONJ emaj-35 273 5 the the DET emaj-35 273 6 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 273 7 exponent exponent NOUN emaj-35 273 8 of of ADP emaj-35 273 9 the the DET emaj-35 273 10 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 273 11 of of ADP emaj-35 273 12 city city NOUN emaj-35 273 13 sizes size NOUN emaj-35 273 14 is be AUX emaj-35 273 15 equal equal ADJ emaj-35 273 16 to to ADP emaj-35 273 17 unity unity NOUN emaj-35 273 18 . . PUNCT emaj-35 274 1 2 2 NUM emaj-35 274 2 for for ADP emaj-35 274 3 example example NOUN emaj-35 274 4 look look VERB emaj-35 274 5 at at ADP emaj-35 274 6 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 274 7 studies study NOUN emaj-35 274 8 on on ADP emaj-35 274 9 the the DET emaj-35 274 10 usa usa PROPN emaj-35 274 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 274 12 caroll caroll PROPN emaj-35 274 13 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 274 14 1982 1982 NUM emaj-35 274 15 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 274 16 says say VERB emaj-35 274 17 that that SCONJ emaj-35 274 18 zipf zipf PROPN emaj-35 274 19 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 274 20 law law NOUN emaj-35 274 21 does do AUX emaj-35 274 22 not not PART emaj-35 274 23 always always ADV emaj-35 274 24 hold hold VERB emaj-35 274 25 for for ADP emaj-35 274 26 the the DET emaj-35 274 27 united united PROPN emaj-35 274 28 states states PROPN emaj-35 274 29 . . PUNCT emaj-35 275 1 rosen rosen PROPN emaj-35 275 2 and and CCONJ emaj-35 275 3 resnik resnik PROPN emaj-35 275 4 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 275 5 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 275 6 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 275 7 find find VERB emaj-35 275 8 that that SCONJ emaj-35 275 9 the the DET emaj-35 275 10 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 275 11 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 275 12 is be AUX emaj-35 275 13 equal equal ADJ emaj-35 275 14 to to ADP emaj-35 275 15 0.84 0.84 NUM emaj-35 275 16 for for ADP emaj-35 275 17 the the DET emaj-35 275 18 usa usa PROPN emaj-35 275 19 . . PROPN emaj-35 275 20 black black PROPN emaj-35 275 21 and and CCONJ emaj-35 275 22 handerson handerson PROPN emaj-35 275 23 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 275 24 1998 1998 NUM emaj-35 275 25 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 275 26 showed show VERB emaj-35 275 27 that that SCONJ emaj-35 275 28 the the DET emaj-35 275 29 slope slope NOUN emaj-35 275 30 of of ADP emaj-35 275 31 the the DET emaj-35 275 32 city city NOUN emaj-35 275 33 - - PUNCT emaj-35 275 34 size size NOUN emaj-35 275 35 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 275 36 slowly slowly ADV emaj-35 275 37 increased increase VERB emaj-35 275 38 in in ADP emaj-35 275 39 the the DET emaj-35 275 40 usa usa PROPN emaj-35 275 41 over over ADP emaj-35 275 42 the the DET emaj-35 275 43 course course NOUN emaj-35 275 44 of of ADP emaj-35 275 45 the the DET emaj-35 275 46 twentieth twentieth ADJ emaj-35 275 47 century century NOUN emaj-35 275 48 . . PUNCT emaj-35 276 1 see see VERB emaj-35 276 2 also also ADV emaj-35 276 3 dobkins dobkin NOUN emaj-35 276 4 and and CCONJ emaj-35 276 5 ioannides ioannide NOUN emaj-35 276 6 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 276 7 2000 2000 NUM emaj-35 276 8 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 276 9 and and CCONJ emaj-35 276 10 eaton eaton PROPN emaj-35 276 11 and and CCONJ emaj-35 276 12 eckstein eckstein PROPN emaj-35 276 13 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 276 14 1997 1997 NUM emaj-35 276 15 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 276 16 who who PRON emaj-35 276 17 find find VERB emaj-35 276 18 for for ADP emaj-35 276 19 japan japan PROPN emaj-35 276 20 and and CCONJ emaj-35 276 21 france france PROPN emaj-35 276 22 that that PRON emaj-35 276 23 zipf zipf AUX emaj-35 276 24 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 276 25 law law NOUN emaj-35 276 26 nearly nearly ADV emaj-35 276 27 holds hold VERB emaj-35 276 28 and and CCONJ emaj-35 276 29 the the DET emaj-35 276 30 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 276 31 changed change VERB emaj-35 276 32 over over ADP emaj-35 276 33 time time NOUN emaj-35 276 34 . . PUNCT emaj-35 277 1 i i PRON emaj-35 277 2 will will AUX emaj-35 277 3 explain explain VERB emaj-35 277 4 in in ADP emaj-35 277 5 the the DET emaj-35 277 6 next next ADJ emaj-35 277 7 section section NOUN emaj-35 277 8 from from ADP emaj-35 277 9 what what PRON emaj-35 277 10 the the DET emaj-35 277 11 differences difference NOUN emaj-35 277 12 between between ADP emaj-35 277 13 the the DET emaj-35 277 14 empirical empirical ADJ emaj-35 277 15 studies study NOUN emaj-35 277 16 realized realize VERB emaj-35 277 17 with with ADP emaj-35 277 18 the the DET emaj-35 277 19 same same ADJ emaj-35 277 20 data data NOUN emaj-35 277 21 result result NOUN emaj-35 277 22 . . PUNCT emaj-35 278 1 3 3 NUM emaj-35 278 2 for for ADP emaj-35 278 3 example example NOUN emaj-35 278 4 , , PUNCT emaj-35 278 5 looking look VERB emaj-35 278 6 at at ADP emaj-35 278 7 the the DET emaj-35 278 8 graphics graphic NOUN emaj-35 278 9 1 1 NUM emaj-35 278 10 and and CCONJ emaj-35 278 11 2 2 NUM emaj-35 278 12 , , PUNCT emaj-35 278 13 we we PRON emaj-35 278 14 can can AUX emaj-35 278 15 say say VERB emaj-35 278 16 that that SCONJ emaj-35 278 17 turkey turkey NOUN emaj-35 278 18 is be AUX emaj-35 278 19 found find VERB emaj-35 278 20 at at ADP emaj-35 278 21 a a DET emaj-35 278 22 stabilized stabilized ADJ emaj-35 278 23 level level NOUN emaj-35 278 24 of of ADP emaj-35 278 25 its its PRON emaj-35 278 26 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 278 27 process process NOUN emaj-35 278 28 . . PUNCT emaj-35 279 1 see see VERB emaj-35 279 2 sorhun sorhun PROPN emaj-35 279 3 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 279 4 2007 2007 NUM emaj-35 279 5 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 279 6 for for ADP emaj-35 279 7 more more ADV emaj-35 279 8 detailed detailed ADJ emaj-35 279 9 comparative comparative ADJ emaj-35 279 10 study study NOUN emaj-35 279 11 covering cover VERB emaj-35 279 12 the the DET emaj-35 279 13 new new ADJ emaj-35 279 14 member member NOUN emaj-35 279 15 and and CCONJ emaj-35 279 16 accessing access VERB emaj-35 279 17 countries country NOUN emaj-35 279 18 of of ADP emaj-35 279 19 the the DET emaj-35 279 20 eu eu PROPN emaj-35 279 21 . . PROPN emaj-35 279 22 4 4 NUM emaj-35 279 23 with with ADP emaj-35 279 24 a a DET emaj-35 279 25 better well ADJ emaj-35 279 26 determination determination NOUN emaj-35 279 27 of of ADP emaj-35 279 28 the the DET emaj-35 279 29 standards standard NOUN emaj-35 279 30 errors error NOUN emaj-35 279 31 , , PUNCT emaj-35 279 32 the the DET emaj-35 279 33 hill hill NOUN emaj-35 279 34 method method NOUN emaj-35 279 35 thus thus ADV emaj-35 279 36 provides provide VERB emaj-35 279 37 an an DET emaj-35 279 38 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 279 39 of of ADP emaj-35 279 40 the the DET emaj-35 279 41 pareto pareto ADJ emaj-35 279 42 coefficient coefficient NOUN emaj-35 279 43 which which PRON emaj-35 279 44 leads lead VERB emaj-35 279 45 to to ADP emaj-35 279 46 a a DET emaj-35 279 47 more more ADV emaj-35 279 48 systematic systematic ADJ emaj-35 279 49 checking checking NOUN emaj-35 279 50 of of ADP emaj-35 279 51 the the DET emaj-35 279 52 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 279 53 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 279 54 law law NOUN emaj-35 279 55 . . PUNCT emaj-35 280 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV emaj-35 280 2 , , PUNCT emaj-35 280 3 this this DET emaj-35 280 4 estimation estimation NOUN emaj-35 280 5 method method NOUN emaj-35 280 6 is be AUX emaj-35 280 7 subject subject ADJ emaj-35 280 8 to to ADP emaj-35 280 9 many many ADJ emaj-35 280 10 criticisms criticism NOUN emaj-35 280 11 , , PUNCT emaj-35 280 12 in in ADP emaj-35 280 13 particular particular ADJ emaj-35 280 14 as as ADP emaj-35 280 15 for for ADP emaj-35 280 16 its its PRON emaj-35 280 17 capacity capacity NOUN emaj-35 280 18 to to PART emaj-35 280 19 represent represent VERB emaj-35 280 20 the the DET emaj-35 280 21 lognormal lognormal ADJ emaj-35 280 22 distribution distribution NOUN emaj-35 280 23 of of ADP emaj-35 280 24 the the DET emaj-35 280 25 cities city NOUN emaj-35 280 26 since since SCONJ emaj-35 280 27 their their PRON emaj-35 280 28 demographic demographic ADJ emaj-35 280 29 growth growth NOUN emaj-35 280 30 is be AUX emaj-35 280 31 not not PART emaj-35 280 32 independent independent ADJ emaj-35 280 33 of of ADP emaj-35 280 34 their their PRON emaj-35 280 35 size size NOUN emaj-35 280 36 , , PUNCT emaj-35 280 37 which which PRON emaj-35 280 38 is be AUX emaj-35 280 39 a a DET emaj-35 280 40 condition condition NOUN emaj-35 280 41 of of ADP emaj-35 280 42 rejection rejection NOUN emaj-35 280 43 of of ADP emaj-35 280 44 the the DET emaj-35 280 45 zipf zipf NOUN emaj-35 280 46 ’s ’s PART emaj-35 280 47 law law NOUN emaj-35 280 48 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 280 49 embrechts embrecht NOUN emaj-35 280 50 , , PUNCT emaj-35 280 51 kluppelberg kluppelberg PROPN emaj-35 280 52 and and CCONJ emaj-35 280 53 mikosch mikosch PROPN emaj-35 280 54 , , PUNCT emaj-35 280 55 1997 1997 NUM emaj-35 280 56 ; ; PUNCT emaj-35 280 57 pumain pumain NOUN emaj-35 280 58 and and CCONJ emaj-35 280 59 moriconi moriconi ADJ emaj-35 280 60 - - PUNCT emaj-35 280 61 ebrard ebrard ADJ emaj-35 280 62 , , PUNCT emaj-35 280 63 1997 1997 NUM emaj-35 280 64 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 280 65 . . PUNCT emaj-35 281 1 5 5 NUM emaj-35 281 2 brakman brakman NOUN emaj-35 281 3 et et PROPN emaj-35 281 4 al al PROPN emaj-35 281 5 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 281 6 2001 2001 NUM emaj-35 281 7 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 281 8 describe describe VERB emaj-35 281 9 two two NUM emaj-35 281 10 ways way NOUN emaj-35 281 11 in in ADP emaj-35 281 12 term term NOUN emaj-35 281 13 of of ADP emaj-35 281 14 the the DET emaj-35 281 15 definition definition NOUN emaj-35 281 16 of of ADP emaj-35 281 17 a a DET emaj-35 281 18 city city NOUN emaj-35 281 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 282 1 the the DET emaj-35 282 2 firs fir NOUN emaj-35 282 3 one one NOUN emaj-35 282 4 is be AUX emaj-35 282 5 to to PART emaj-35 282 6 limit limit VERB emaj-35 282 7 the the DET emaj-35 282 8 city city NOUN emaj-35 282 9 to to ADP emaj-35 282 10 its its PRON emaj-35 282 11 legal legal ADJ emaj-35 282 12 boundaries boundary NOUN emaj-35 282 13 , , PUNCT emaj-35 282 14 the the DET emaj-35 282 15 so so ADV emaj-35 282 16 - - PUNCT emaj-35 282 17 called call VERB emaj-35 282 18 city city NOUN emaj-35 282 19 proper proper ADJ emaj-35 282 20 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 282 21 like like ADP emaj-35 282 22 in in ADP emaj-35 282 23 rosen rosen PROPN emaj-35 282 24 and and CCONJ emaj-35 282 25 resnick resnick PROPN emaj-35 282 26 , , PUNCT emaj-35 282 27 1980 1980 NUM emaj-35 282 28 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 282 29 . . PUNCT emaj-35 283 1 the the DET emaj-35 283 2 second second ADJ emaj-35 283 3 one one NOUN emaj-35 283 4 is be AUX emaj-35 283 5 to to PART emaj-35 283 6 define define VERB emaj-35 283 7 the the DET emaj-35 283 8 city city NOUN emaj-35 283 9 as as ADP emaj-35 283 10 the the DET emaj-35 283 11 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 283 12 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 283 13 like like INTJ emaj-35 283 14 in in ADP emaj-35 283 15 black black NOUN emaj-35 283 16 and and CCONJ emaj-35 283 17 handerson handerson PROPN emaj-35 283 18 , , PUNCT emaj-35 283 19 1998 1998 NUM emaj-35 283 20 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 283 21 that that PRON emaj-35 283 22 is be AUX emaj-35 283 23 thought think VERB emaj-35 283 24 to to PART emaj-35 283 25 constitute constitute VERB emaj-35 283 26 an an DET emaj-35 283 27 economic economic ADJ emaj-35 283 28 unit unit NOUN emaj-35 283 29 and and CCONJ emaj-35 283 30 to to PART emaj-35 283 31 put put VERB emaj-35 283 32 out out ADP emaj-35 283 33 official official ADJ emaj-35 283 34 city city NOUN emaj-35 283 35 definitions definition NOUN emaj-35 283 36 . . PUNCT emaj-35 284 1 6 6 NUM emaj-35 284 2 essentially essentially ADV emaj-35 284 3 , , PUNCT emaj-35 284 4 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 284 5 forces force NOUN emaj-35 284 6 and and CCONJ emaj-35 284 7 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 284 8 ( ( PUNCT emaj-35 284 9 or or CCONJ emaj-35 284 10 congestion congestion NOUN emaj-35 284 11 / / SYM emaj-35 284 12 disagglomeration disagglomeration NOUN emaj-35 284 13 forces force NOUN emaj-35 284 14 ) ) PUNCT emaj-35 284 15 works work VERB emaj-35 284 16 against against ADP emaj-35 284 17 each each DET emaj-35 284 18 others other NOUN emaj-35 284 19 . . PUNCT emaj-35 285 1 but but CCONJ emaj-35 285 2 considering consider VERB emaj-35 285 3 the the DET emaj-35 285 4 development development NOUN emaj-35 285 5 levels level NOUN emaj-35 285 6 of of ADP emaj-35 285 7 the the DET emaj-35 285 8 new new ADJ emaj-35 285 9 member member NOUN emaj-35 285 10 and and CCONJ emaj-35 285 11 accessing access VERB emaj-35 285 12 countries country NOUN emaj-35 285 13 i i PRON emaj-35 285 14 decided decide VERB emaj-35 285 15 that that SCONJ emaj-35 285 16 it it PRON emaj-35 285 17 would would AUX emaj-35 285 18 be be AUX emaj-35 285 19 better well ADJ emaj-35 285 20 to to PART emaj-35 285 21 rename rename VERB emaj-35 285 22 and and CCONJ emaj-35 285 23 interpret interpret VERB emaj-35 285 24 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 285 25 spreading spread VERB emaj-35 285 26 forces force NOUN emaj-35 285 27 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 285 28 as as ADP emaj-35 285 29 “ " PUNCT emaj-35 285 30 resistant resistant ADJ emaj-35 285 31 factors factor NOUN emaj-35 285 32 ” " PUNCT emaj-35 285 33 to to ADP emaj-35 285 34 agglomeration agglomeration NOUN emaj-35 285 35 . . PUNCT