id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
ecj-12651	Barakat, Massimo; De Santis, Costanza; Zafarana, Gabriella; Lotrecchiano, Ludovica; Galasso, Thomas; Candoli, Piero; Solli, Piergiorgio; Daddi, Niccolò	Pneumomediastinum as a manifestation of a bronchial carcinoid tumour: a very rare association of two uncommon diseases	2024	3	.pdf	application/pdf	2347	120	45	Introduction Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of air in the mediastinum;1 it is a rare entity, diagnosed in 1/44500 of emergen- cy attendances.1 Bronchopulmonary carcinoids represent a spec- trum of tumours arising from neuroendocrine cells of the bron- chopulmonary epitelium;2 they are a rare entity, accounting for approximately 1.2% of primary lung malignancies.2 To the best of our knowledge, there are only four reports of bronchial carcinoid tumour presenting with pneumomediastinum3- 6 and this is the first case managed with a sleeve resection of an extremely short section of a main bronchus. secretion.2 Plain X-rays are nonspecific, although these tumours often appear as an isolated, well-defined hilar or perihilar mass.2 CT scan is able to determine the location, extent, and characteristics of the primary tumour (well-defined, spherical or ovoid masses that narrow, deform, and/or obstruct airways; calcifications are evident in up to 30% of cases) as well as the involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes and presence of distant metastases.2 18F-FDG and 68Ga- DOTANOC PET have high accuracy in identifying primitive tumours and their metastases.2 Bronchoscopy is useful to detect these tumours and, most of all, to allow histological examination.2 Surgical resection is the only curative treatment.2 Bronchoscopic resection should be considered only in patients with comorbidities which contraindicate surgery.2 Chemotherapy is indicated in patients with diffuse metastatic disease.14 Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, there are only four reports of bronchial carcinoid tumour presenting with pneumomediastinum.3- 6	cache/ecj-12651.pdf	txt/ecj-12651.txt