Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 1, Februari 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 1 THE EFFECT OF HOMESCOOLING ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING MOTIVATION PARTICIPANTS (Case Study in One Family Applying Homescooling) Dewi Safitri ElshapIKIP Siliwanginouradewi14@yahoo.com ABSTRACTThe family is the first and primary school to provide education to their children.Students who are highly motivated in learning will likely gain high learningresults as well, meaning that the higher the motivation, the more intensity ofeffort and effort made, the higher the learning achievement it earns. One methodthat can be applied by parents is the method of homeschooling. Parents andtutors who provide education to learners. Homeschooling education is moreflexible and time-bound as in formal schools. The purpose of this study is toexamine the effect of homeschooling on cognitive development and learningmotivation and to know the learning outcomes obtained by children throughhomeschooling program. This research is a qualitative research case study. Onefamily research informant, with parents primary informant, and child supportinginformant, and teacher. This research instrument includes test (descriptionproblem) and non test (attitude scale). Data were obtained through interviewsand participant observation of the family. The data is then processed usingtheme analysis. The results that can be obtained from this research is studentachievement increased and good learning motivation. homeschooling positivelyaffects both academic and non-academic abilities of children.Keywords: Homescooling, Cognitive, Learning Motivation A. INTRODUCTIONFormal and non formal education has the aim to educate the students. Through thiseducation, children are equipped with knowledge to support their cognitive andaffective development. Nonformal education programs are equally important to otherformal education programs. The reality shows that development policies and programsat the local, regional, and national levels have non-formal education policies andprograms or also known as off-school education related to other development sectors.As a basic approach in development, nonformal education has a function to develophuman resources that become the main actors in various development sectors (Hidayat,2016, p 14).One of the non formal education is homescooling. Non-formal education becomes one ofthe alternative education chosen by parents to meet the needs of their children. The factin the field that learning in school is considered not able to accommodate the needs thatare expected by the parents. Limitations of time and material are crowded, lack ofability of students in the field of non-academic non-academic underpinning the parentsand learners to seek alternative education. Because not every school has facilities todevelop it, as well as lack of religious development, some of the above problems ingeneral are enough to make parents seek alternative education (which is free from the Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 1, Februari 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 2 problem). Therefore, the idea came from parents to send their children home (Fitriana,2016, p 81).Homeschooling becomes a parent's place of hope to improve the quality of education,increase the values of faith or religion and morals and get a fun learning environmentfor their children. Homeschooling is an education or learning system that is held athome as an alternative school by placing children as subjects. The teacher or teacher ofthe homeschooling program is usually performed by a parent or other persondesignated as his teacher. On homeschooling, children and parents will determine thecontent of their subject matter. The timing of homeschooling itself tends to be flexible,in contrast to schools in general.The Law on National Education System (Sisdiknas) no. 20 Year 2003, mentions that inIndonesia there are three education channels that are formal, nonformal and informal.Based on the Act, parents or family can provide education of children at home withinformal channels through homeschooling. legally home schooling activities areprotected by law. Adilistiono (A'yun, Prihartanti, and Chusniatu, 2015, p.33) mentionsthat homeschooling is divided into three, namely: single homeschooling, homeschoolingcompound, and homeschooling community.Homeschooling is home based education where the family is responsible for theeducation of their child. This is in line with Sumardiono, (2006: 4) homeschooling is aneducational model in which a family chooses to take responsibility for their ownchildren's education by using their home as their educational base. Homeschooling is ingreat demand by the public at this time. Homeschooling is not a way to fight formalschooling, but homeschooling is an educational alternative that supports schoolprograms. Something that can not be achieved in formal schooling, homeschoolingprovides the achievement of these needs. Homeschooling has the same goal with aformal school that wants to deliver learners to achieve educational goals in terms ofcognitive, affective and psychomotor. The material presented during the learningprocess takes the learner to recognize the concept contextually so as to have a lot ofexperience through outing. In addition, the achievement of learners also increased asthe process of learning through homescooling. The tutor applies learning methods thatmean full meaning so that students feel comfortable and motivated to learn as well asimprove skills with educational games to improve skills through educational games.Homeschooling has the same goal dnegan formal school that wants to deliver learnersachieve educational goals both in terms of cognitive, affective and psychomotor.Yuliani (Jawati, 2015, p.253) that cognitive ability is a process of thinking, ie the abilityof individuals to relate, assess and consider an event or event. The age of elementarystudents according to piaget (Ruseffendi, 20016, p.) Is 7-12 years. At this age the childalready began to know the operational pre where the learners start to recognizenumbers, number operations and At this level, the child has shown cognitive activity inthe face of various things outside of himself. Thinking activity does not yet have anorganized system. The child is able to understand reality in the environment by usingsigns and symbols (Ibda, 2015, p.33). Cognitive students are expected to have the abilityto work on the subject matter through daily test. So that learners of homescooling havea good understanding and knowledge of the material. In addition, learners feel Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 1, Februari 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 3 motivated and attentive from tutors because homescooling students are not as much asformal school students. The progress of cognitive development referred to in this studyis that learners have a learning achievement in accordance with the success rate ofsomething in learning the subject matter expressed in the form of grades or reportcards of each field of study after experiencing the teaching and learning process.Nasution (Hamdu & Agustina, 2011, p.92) that the perfection that a person achieves inthinking, feeling and doing, learning achievement is said to be perfect if it meets threeaspects namely: cognitive, affective and psychomotor, otherwise said achievement lesssatisfactory if someone has not been able to meet target in all three criteria.Biggs and Tefler (Dimyati & Mudjiono, 2006) revealed that students' learningmotivation may become weak. Weak motivation or lack of motivation to learn willweaken the activity, so the quality of learning achievement will be low. Therefore, thequality of student achievement needs to be strengthened continuously. With the aimthat students have a strong learning motivation, so that achievement can be achievedoptimal learning. Student's motivation in every learning activity is very important toimprove student's learning achievement in certain subjects (Nashar, 2004: 11).Students who are highly motivated in learning are likely to get high learning results aswell, meaning that the higher the motivation, the more intensity of effort and effort, thehigher the learning achievement it gets (Hamdu & Agustina, 2011, p 93)Motivation is an encouragement and directs attitudes and actions to perform an activity.In the motivation contained the desire to activate, move, channel and direct attitudesand behavior in individual learning. motivation that comes from the self (intrinstic), notfrom outside (ekstrinstic). Therefore, teachers who are included in the category ofdrivers from outside the learners themselves are expected to provide motivation tolearn, especially in learners who are weak learners motivation.Based on the above description, the motivation to learn is a desire or encouragement ina person either consciously or unconsciously to do something deed with a specificpurpose. There are also motivational gratings in this research are curiosity, needs,clarity of learning objectives, and rewards. B. RESEARCH METHODSThe research methodology used is a case study method to reveal facts that occur in thefield to be studied in depth, so that ultimately obtained the findings of data neededaccording to the goal. The reason for the use of qualitative research, because thisresearch seeks: (1) To provide an educational activity based on field data unearthed in aparticular area, but does not intend to prove the theory; (2) Not seeking absolute truth,but relying only on the realities of the field according to a particular group andbackground view; (3) understanding the meaning of the implementation of a pattern ina group. Research. data sources obtained using purposive sampling techniques, andwhich became the source of data is Tutoring homeschooling, parents and students whofollow Homeschooling (Homeschooler). Instruments in this study is a matter of pre andpost-test description and the scale of learning motivational attitudes. Techniques anddata collection guidelines in this study using observation techniques, interviews, andtriangulation techniques.C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 1, Februari 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 4 According to researchers' observations, at the beginning of the homescooling learningprocess, the participation of students to be actively involved is still not optimal.Students seem enthusiastic about what is gained from various problems. Students arenot reluctant and hesitant in performing activities that lead to thinking faced, studentsactively propose ideas or ideas in the process of building their own formulation of aseries of given cases. This is allegedly researchers because students already have a basicunderstanding of the subject matter, so students are enthusiastic about the concept andstudents become more motivated in the learning process.The process of learning homeschooling, the tutor starts an initial problem-basedleraning session with a presentation of problems that will be faced by students.Students are stimulated to solve problems in the field. Students organize what theyalready understand about the problem and try to identify related issues. Studentsdiscuss by asking questions about things they do not understand. Tutors assist studentsto focus on questions that are considered important. Through this learning, students indamping while learning to understand the material delivered. Student needs are met,reward or gift giving and students get attention is part of stimulating extrinsicmotivation.Students who became the subject of research at the beginning of learning followed arestill low learning achievement. This can be seen from doing the basic question given tothe student. Understanding of the subject matter was not maximized andcommunication in conveying ideas or opinions is still low. After a few months followingthe homescooling program looks different before and after the program. Students areable to understand the lessons conveyed by the tutor.Assessment of learning conducted by tutors in Homeschooling done on two things,namely assessment of the process of teaching and learning activities and assessment ofthe development of learners. Assessment of teaching and learning activities throughdirect checks that are reported at the end of each learning activity by reporting them infield notes and assessment rubrics. Assessment is also undertaken from projectactivities in the class and from evaluation of UTS and UAS. To see students' learningmotivation through homeschooling using a Likert scale questionnaire. The results ofstudents' cognitive development through homeschooling are the following: Table 1. Average Results of Student Achievement in Homeschooling Stages Average Student Achievement Results Pretest Posttest Information Cognitive Tests (exam questions, Lesson Materials include IPA, Bahasa Indonesia dan Matematika) 30,50 66,00 There'sImprovement Students who follow this homeschooling program are students who have dropped outof school or resigned from formal school. From the results of the table above shows thathomeschooling students before joining the program, homeschooling scores of 30.50 Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 1, Februari 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 5 average value of the subjects tested. After attending homeschooling students experiencean increase in learning achievement of the test ahsil tested. This shows thathomeschooling has an influential role on student achievement. The results of theseachievements are shown in the following circle graph: Picture 1. Student Achievement Result of Homeschooling StudentsIn addition, students' motivation to learn through homeschooling shows that in generalthe learning motivation is good. The analysis also shows that the influence of learningmotivation great influence on student achievement. So as revealed by Keller (Nashar,2004: 77) that learning achievement can be seen from the change of personal inputresults in the form of motivation and hope to succeed. Increased student learningoutcomes are influenced by many factors one of which is the motivation to learn. Theresults of Hamdu and Agustina (2011) that the students have a strong learningmotivation, so that the achievement of learning that can be achieved optimally. Inaddition, Purwasih (2016, p. 190) that the motivation to learn to support a person tomove on activities that have been scheduled so that affects the independence. Theresults of this study also informs that there is influence of homeschooling on cognitivedevelopment and student learning motivation. This means that if students havemotivation in learning, then the learning achievement will be good (high). Conversely, ifstudents have bad habits in learning, then the learning achievement will be bad (low).Learning through homeschooling gives students the opportunity to have a good attitudeand commitment to shared values and morals. However, the development of learnersshould prioritize parents participation in developing education system that betterunderstand the character of early child, so that the quality of education in the family canalso be developed and improved in accordance with prevailing social system and norms(Akhyadi and Mulyono, 2018). D. CONCLUSIONBased on the research results can be summarized as follows:1. Cognitive development increases with homeschooling learning through increasedstudent achievement.2. Learning homeschooling affects the motivation of student learning3. Student motivation through better homeschooling learning. Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 1, Februari 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 6 4. Students who are highly motivated in learning to obtain high learning results aswell, meaning that the higher the motivation, the more intensity of effort and effortmade, the higher the learning achievement BIBLIOGRAPHYA’yun1, Q., Prihartanti. , N & Chusniatu. (216). Peran Orangtua Dalam Pendidikan AnakUsia Dini (Studi Kasus Pada Keluarga Muslim Pelaksana Homeschooling), Jurnal Indigenous, 13(2), 33-40.Akhyadi, A.S. dan Mulyono, D. 2018. Program Parenting dalam Meningkatkan KualitasPendidikan Keluarga. Jurnal Abdimas Siliwangi, Volume 1 (1), hal. 1-8.Dimyati dan Mudjiono. (2006). Belajar dan Pembelajran. Jakarta: PT RajagrafindoPersada.Fitriana, A. (2016). 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