Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 266 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH PHYSICAL LIFE EDUCATION TATA BOGA IN FAMILY ECONOMIC EFFORT Rita Uthartiantyantytha007@gmail.comFunctional Power of PP-PAUD and Dikmas West Java ABSTRACTThis research is motivated by the limited access of women in supporting thefamily economy. Therefore the issues raised in this research is how to empowerwomen through Life Skills Education (PKH) Culinary program in PKBM JayagiriWest Bandung Regency. The purpose of this study is to describe the initialcondition of the learning community (women) before joining PKH Tata Bogaprograms, planning, implementation and results of the activities achieved, aswell as supporting factors and inhibiting the implementation of activities. Thetheory that supports this research is about the concept of womenempowerment, PKH, and family economy. While the research method used isqualitative descriptive approach. Research data obtained by observation,interview, and documentation. The results of the research are as follows: (1)The initial condition of the students to learn before joining the women'sempowerment program through the PKH Tata Boga program is generally lowfamily life with the limited entrepreneurship skill, (2) The planning of womenempowerment through PKH Tata Boga program through the process ofidentification, mapping of potentials and resources as well as with theinvolvement of the learning community, (3) The process of implementingwomen's empowerment through the PKH Tata Boga program is carried out byvarious approaches and empowerment techniques with 80 percent proportionof practice and 20 percent theory, (4) women through the PKH program ofculinary learners who are attained by citizens learn to have a change of attitudein utilizing the potential and leisure time to improve the family economythrough the effort in the field of Culinary, (5) Supporting factors of activitiessuch as studying citizens are not charged for learning, learning motivation,family, and society. While the inhibiting factors include limitations in marketingproducts, capital and partnerships. Keywords : Empowerment of women, Life Skills education (PKH),improvement of family economy A. INTRODUCTIONEmpowerment is the ability to manage or manage a value that exist in self-humanresources both in groups and individually that aims to be able to stand on their ownaccord. While the empowerment of women in the microscope is the steps taken toobtain additional value that is useful for human self. The development of civilization inIndonesia is currently growing in the sphere of culture and practical ideology, leaving Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 267 behind the negative impacts of various aspects of life and community structure and hascreated gender inequality. (AminKuncoro & Kadar, 2016)The condition and position of women in Indonesia is still far behind compared to men invarious aspects of life, including in the social, political, economic, educational andcultural fields. The above phenomenon shows that women are still marginalized so thatthe issue of women's empowerment has a wide range of fields. (Retno Endah Supeni &Maheni Ika Sari, 2011: 101). Thus, there is no other option in increasing women'sparticipation in development through the improvement of women's life skills.Efforts to improve Life Skills Education is an important part of women's empowermentprogram. Women's empowerment simultaneously is expected to increase the capabilityand quality of life, family and society, because with the empowerment of women canincrease the productivity of women which ultimately leads to increase income of familyand society. Increased productivity of women can be seen from the indicators, amongothers, a more positive attitude changes and advanced, the increased ability of life skills,as well as good work in the form of goods and services for the needs of self and society. B. THEORY STUDY 1. The Concept of Women's EmpowermentEmpowerment of women is to explore the potential and at the same time giveopportunity to woman to be actively involved in its function to strengthen familyeconomy (Harijani, 2001). The effort to develop Indonesian human resources as anintegral part of women empowerment focuses on two things: improving the quality ofskills and strengthening the ideological mentality of human beings, besides those twothings, it is still necessary for the culture to be excellent (Loekman Sutrisno, 1997).The educational approach of women's empowerment in improving the family economyis the foundation of values built and integrated in designing, implementing andevaluating women's education programs. This is one of the strategic efforts in theempowerment of women. The approach includes: (1) the humanitarian approach,namely the recognition of the existence and potential of women to develop; (2)Collaborative approach is a partnership built in developing the family economy withvarious related parties such as: Community leaders, community institutions,educational institutions, financial institutions, marketing institutions; (3) ParticipatoryApproach is the involvement of women especially housewives (IRT) as learning citizensin planning, organizing, implementing, developing, assessing and developing womeneducation programs in improving the family economy; (4) Sustainable is the continuityof education of women empowerment in improving family economy; (5) Culturalapproach is the values of the nation's cultural wealth, local customs and traditions. 2. Life Skills Education ConceptWomen's Life Skills Education is an education for the dignity of women so that theyhave the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are beneficial in creating a better life sothat women can play an active role in the process of family, community and nationdevelopment. WHO (1997, Rinawahyu, 2011) defines life skills as a skill or ability toadapt and behave positively, enabling one to be able to face more demands and Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 268 challenges in life more effectively. Life skills include five types: (1) self-knowing skills,(2) thinking skills, (3) social skills, (4) academic skills, and (5) vocational skills.Principles of organizing women's PKH may be categorized as follows: (a) functional,meaning that the skills given must be related to their lives; (b) Comprehensive, inaddition to providing life skills for women, should be directed to providing anunderstanding of women's standing equal to men; (c) Integrated with the improvementof literacy, writing and numeracy, meaning that Life Skills should encourage women tohave a habit of literacy and (d) Prospective to be developed in the present and future. 3. Family Economic ConceptsWomen's roles and duties in the family are broadly divided into the role of women asmothers, mothers as wives, and community members. On this occasion, the discussion ismore emphasized on the task of women in fostering mental health for themselves, theirfamilies and society. In order to perform its role or duties well, it is important tounderstand the goals and objectives of the role.In addition, women must master the ways or techniques to play a role or perform theirduties, tailored to each situation it faces. As a mother, daughters educators must knowthe right portion in providing for their children's needs, tailored to the stage of theirdevelopment. Attitude and behavior should be an example for their children. As a wife,women must cultivate a harmonious, clean, enchanting and able to encourage husbandsto be positive. As members of society, women are expected to participate in thecommunity. The success of doing the above role, certainly not an easy thing, which isimportant is the willingness and effort to always learn. In an effort to increase economicgrowth and economic independence of the community was indeed able to takeadvantage of all the potential that exists. This is where the aspect of family economicempowerment becomes an alternative to advance the welfare of society. Sometimesrelying solely on the income of the head of the family in this case a father is not verysufficient to meet the needs of the family. This is where the role of a woman as ahousewife in demand to be able to help ease the workload of the head of the family bycontributing to sustain the family economy. The role of women is often a debate. Manypeople think women should get a bigger role in people's lives. On the other hand, thereare those who see women as having only a role in domestic domains or domestic life.Naturally, women as human beings can not escape from their interrelationship withother human beings. As we know that basically relates to other individuals merpakan ahuman effort that meets its social needs. From this interpersonal relationship, humanbeings can know more about themselves, get a lot of judgment and give judgment.Associating with other individuals, opens opportunities for women to be able to expressthemselves and develop their abilities.Revenue is the amount of income received by community members for a certain periodof time as a consideration of the factors of production they contribute to participating inthe formation of a national product. According to Wahyu Adji "Income or income ismoney received by a person and company 21 in the form of salary, wages, rent, interestand profits including various benefits, such as health and pension" (Wahyu Adji, 2004:3). Bambang Swasta Sunuharjo in the Book of Poverty and Basic Needs cited RianaMustika Agustin (2010: 23) detailing the income in 3 categories: (a) income in the form Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 269 of money that is all income in the form of money that is regular and received usually as areward or counter achievement , (b) incomes in the form of goods are all regular andcommon incomes, but are always in the form of remuneration and received in the formof goods and services, and (c) non-revenue income is any transferred redistributiveacceptance and usually makes changes in household finances.According T.Gilarso (2002: 63) "Family income is a reward of work or service or rewardearned because of donations given in production activities". Concretely, the familyincome comes from: the business itself: for example trading, farming, opening abusiness as an entrepreneur, working with others: for example as a civil servant oremployee, and the result of election: for example leased land and others.In general, human income consists of nominal income in the form of money and realincome in the form of goods. If income is more emphasized on household income,income is the sum of the formal, informal and subsistence income. Formal income is anyincome either in the form of money or goods received usually as a reward. Informalincome is incomes earned through additional employment outside of basic work. C. RESEARCH METHODSThe research method used is descriptive method with qualitative approach. Thisresearch seeks to describe the empowerment of women through PKH Tata Boga in aneffort to improve the family economy in PKBM Jayagiri, West Bandung regency. Datacollection techniques used were interviews, observation and documentation review.While the validation of the findings is done by triangulation and member check.Sources of data in this study as much as six people informants consisting of one personcommunity leaders, one manager, one instructor and three people learn. D. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION1. The initial condition of the studying community in PKBM Jayagiri in general thefamily's economic life depends on the husband. Residents of learning have noentrepreneurial skills and limited access to economic resources. In addition to takingcare of the families the learners have enough free time that has not been optimized toincrease the family's economic income. On the other hand, the geographic location ofPKBM Jayagiri is strategic because it is located in Jayagiri Village, Lembang District isa very potential tourist destination area to market culinary and handicraft products.So it is necessary to empower women through PKH program in PKBM Jayagiri.In line with that delivered by Erfiani S. Wardani & Suparno (2016: 200) that women,especially a housewife who the level of work in a day if calculated with the allocationof working time is those who work more hours than men because in a day of devotedtime not just work for the office or just entrepreneurship alone, this housewifewilling to play a double role in supporting the family economy, helping the husbandin providing for the family.2. Women's empowerment planning through PKH catering program in the effort ofimproving family economy begins with data collection seen from Jayagiri Villagecommunity needs through direct or indirect interview, then identifying facilities andinfrastructure as supporting equipment, identifying policies to support the success ofthe process activities, identifying the atmosphere of the social climate and the Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 270 psychological climate that can support success in every activity, leading to thedetermination of priorities underlying the value of practicality, usefulness anddevelopment opportunities toward productive economic activity.This is in accordance with the opinion of Sudjana (2004: 134) reveals the preparationof out-of-school education programs by planners and program organizers can usethree steps of activities, namely: (1) Make efforts to identify educational needs and /or learning needs perceived and expressed by potential participants educate, (2)identify sources, both human and non-human sources and the existing constraints ofpotential learners, institutions and communities, (3) formulate an out-of-schooleducation program that includes the components: environmental inputs, inputs,inputs raw, process, output. In programs pertaining to business or entrepreneurship,the components that need to be added are other inputs and impacts.According to this observer, PKBM Jayagiri management has been concerned with thetheoretical study in the field field in an effort to conduct Life Skills Education ofTataboga. Because PKBM Jayagir Manager has had long experience in managingPKBM, and has obtained long guidance from Pamong Belajar PP PAUD and DikmasWest Java. The information obtained by PKBM Jayagiri was previously one of thelabsite of PP PAUD and Jayagiri, and PKBM Jayagiri has also been in the area of PPPAUD and Dikmas. So PKBM Jayagiri deserves to have a good reputation in fosteringand membelajarkan surrounding communities.Learning objectives become the main reference in every process of learningactivities. Objectives consist of general goals and specific goals. Specific goals are amore detailed description of the general objectives and then described again in thelearning materials. In accordance with the results of observations of the author at theplace of study of learning materials in PKBM Jayagiri arranged in teaching materialscompiled by the team of instructors. Learning activities by residents learn very fun.The methods often used by the question and answer instructor, discussion,demostration and practice directly.3. Implementation of women empowerment through PKH program of culinary in effortof improving family economy by involvement of studying citizen. In the process ofdetermining the material all the learners are involved in the hope that the material ofempowerment can be understood. In addition, the determination of empowermentprograms can be undertaken together with the learners in accordance with thecollective agreement (participatory). The purpose of this relevance and participationis to build a conducive empowerment, so that in determining the methods andtechniques of empowerment can be easily done or applied to the learning people,especially in the corridor of learning and entrepreneurship.Female empowerment methods and techniques through PKK Tataboga are directedto practical values that can upload participative citizens learn to learn and strive.Appropriate delivered by Vina Salviana & Dyah Erni Widyastuti (2011: 127) Effortsto improve the quality of human resources through the process as a whole(comprehensive), not only strengthen the academic base, but also religious teachingsand professional or skill coaching.According to Sudjana (2004: 35-36) states the process of educational interactionbetween the input of the means, especially the educators, the raw enter the learning Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 271 community. This process consists of empowerment activities, guidance, counselingand / or training and evaluation to prepare learners as part of the community that isready to face the environment and the current development of the times. Hali agreeswith Kindervatter (1979: 62) which explains that empowering is "people gaining anundersatanding of and control over social" can mean that the ability of a person tounderstand and control social, economic and / or political power improve position insociety.Based on the mentioned in accordance with the condition of women empowermentorganized by PKBM Jayagiri, there is a suitability in the determination ofempowerment method with participative approach used such as group discussion,brainstorming, questioning, demostration, simulation, work group and more practiceactivity or building experience learning (learning by doing).4. The results of women's empowerment through PKH program of culinary in the effortof improving family's economy in PKBM Jayagiri the change of attitude that seemsfrom the willingness, participation of citizen learn and discipline of citizen learn tofollow woman empowerment program from beginning to end.The aspects evaluated in the women's empowerment program through PKKTataboga include aspects of: a) knowledge; b) skills and c) attitudes. This is evidentfrom their ability to apply into the field of entrepreneurial Tataboga a variety ofdishes and pastries for sale.In the implementation of women empowerment through PK Tataboga has 80%percentage practice and 20% theory, which describes that skill or skill is morefocused, because through learning to do (learning to do) empowerment materialeasier and faster accepted by studying citizen. The results of the evaluation obtainedobtained a description of the seriousness of citizens to learn to continue to learn andwork to develop self-potential in the skills of Tataboga.5. Some of the factors supporting the implementation of women empowerment include:studying citizens are free of charge to follow PKH Tataboga skills program,instructors come from people who are experienced in Tataboga, the assistance,motivation to learn to participate in the program, and support from family andcommunity. The factors that hamper the sustainability of women's empowermentprogram through PKK pemboga include: the limited ability to market the productCatering, limited capital, and communication skills of citizens who are still lowlearning to establish a partnership. E. CONCLUDEThe conclusions of the study were: (1) Initial conditions Citizens learning prior tojoining women's empowerment activities through PKH Tata program at PKBM Jayagirilacked entrepreneurial skills, family economic life was weak, and had limited access toeconomic resources; (2) Planning steps are initiated by identifying community learningneeds, infrastructure, supporting policies, social climate and psychological climate.Subsequent determination of priority underlying the value of practicality, benefit anddevelopment opportunities toward productive economic activities that can improve thefamily economy; (3) Methods and techniques in the implementation of women'sempowerment through PK Tatabga directed to the value of practicality that can upload Jurnal Empowerment Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738 272 the participative citizens learn to learn and try; (4) The result of women empowermentprogram through PKH Tata Catering is seen from the studying community in generalabsorbing all the material that has been given by women empowerment organizer. Thisis evident from their ability to apply into the field of culinary entrepreneurs a variety ofdishes and cakes for sale have an impact on increasing the family's income; and (5)Several factors supporting the implementation of women empowerment are: theparticipants are free of charge, the instructors are experienced in the field of culinary,high motivation, and the support of family and related agencies. The factors thathamper the sustainability of women empowerment programs include: not the extent ofreach to market the product, lack of capital, not entirely citizens learn to master thescience of marketing, and not proficient in networking partnerships, both in capital,product and product. F. REFERENCESAbdurraafi’ Maududi Dermawan, (2016). Jurnal Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Kegiatan Ekonomi Kreatif. Bandung : RAHEEMA: Jurnal Studi Gender dan AnakAminKuncoro & Kadar, (2016). 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