Jurnal Empowerment
Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738

THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY-BASED CHILDREN PROTECTION ACTIVIST (PATBM) IN
THE CHILD PROTECTION

(Case Study in Jayamekar Village, Padalarang District, West Bandung Regency)

DianawatiIKIP Siliwangicekas.cerdas@gmail.com
ABSTRACTThis study based on the number of cases of child abuse, the exploitation ofchildren to be employed as a seller of "coet" and marriage on the child'sage. Jayamekar village elected as research area because Jayamekar villagehas an extremely high level of exploitation of children because there is onearea in the village which became the center of Coet (mortar) manufacturewhich marketed in the city - the city of West Java and outside West Java.This research uses qualitative approach and research method applied casestudy. The purpose of this research is the activities of the activist includestrengthening norms, improving parent skills related to parenting,improving the skills of children related to rejecting the violence, andresponding to child protection cases. The role of the Activist as an agent ofinnovation includes the role of education, the role of dissemination ofinnovation, the role of facilitation, the role of consultation, the role ofadvocacy, the role of supervision and evaluation monitoring consists ofactivities: a. Melting away with target communities b. Mobilize thecommunity by making changes c. Strengthening relations with targetcommunities. This research uses role theory, community-based education,and community empowerment. This research resulted in the role of PATBMactivists who able to improve the quality of life, empowerment, andhatching of child protection issues in Jayamekar Village, Padalarang, WestBandung.

Keyword : child protection, community
INTRODUCTIONIn the Year 2045, Indonesia will get a demographic bonus with the birth of the goldgeneration, gold generation is the children today, according to Bapenas the number ofchildren in Indonesia about 33% of the total population of Indonesia that must beprotected, so they are ready to face its future. According to the explanation of the Lawof the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 regarding the amendment to LawNumber 23 of 2002 on child protection, it is explained that children are inseparablepart of human survival and the sustainability of a nation and state. In order to be ableand responsible for the sustainability of nation and state, every child needs to get thewidest opportunity to grow and develop optimally both physically, mentally and

Jurnal Empowerment
Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738

socially. Therefore, Children protection should be made to realize the welfare ofchildren by guaranteeing the fulfillment of children rights without discriminatorytreatment. The protection of the rights of the child shall be based on the principle ofhuman rights that is respect, achievement, and protection of the rights of the child.Child protection is based on the principle of non-discrimination, the best interests ofthe child, the appreciation of the child's opinion and the right to live, grow anddevelop. Child protection is all activities to guarantee and protect children and theirrights in order to live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with thedignity of humanity and protection from violence and discrimination (Child ProtectionAct No. 35 of 2014). The position and rights of the child viewed from a juridicalperspective are very apprehensive. Data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics(BPS) of West Java Region 2015 (BPS, 2016) shows that the population of West Javafrom 27 cities/regencies in West Java province amounted to 46.709.659 inhabitants.The total population below the age of 19 years amounted to 17,207,901 people with apopulation of 8,797,835 males and 8.410.066 female. The results of a child abusesurvey conducted by the government of the Republic of Indonesia in collaborationwith UNICEF in 2014 revealed that 1 in 3 teenage boys or an estimated 4.1 millionIndonesian boys experienced violence. Among adolescent girls, 1 in 4 people or anestimated 2.7 million Indonesian girls experience violence, every 3 minutes 1 childdies before reaching five years of age because of preventable diseases, the thirdhighest in the world at 1.8 million children are not fully immunized, 61% of childrenare born without birth certificates. The number of cases of violence against children inthe province of West Java is still quite high, according to the Social Service of WestJava, the numbers of Child Toddlers abandoned is 63,670, abandoned children330.461, Children Against the Law 325, Street Children 20.630, Victims Violence 5502,Trafficking 444, Children with social psychological problems 6,790. Most perpetratorsof violence against children are the closest people who come from the familyenvironment, neighbors and schools. This condition is quite apprehensive because theenvironment that should protect children it becomes an environment that is notfriendly and not safe for children, including the family environment. Rights relating tolaw, employment, health, social welfare, and education, are inadequate to providespecial protection for children. Not all children are able to deal with this condition forvarious reasons, among others: the existence of social-economic constraints, socio-cultural, and others. The problems they experienced lacked responses from theirenvironment so that they were in a vulnerable and vulnerable condition to commitviolations of the various norms prevailing in the community environment (Jabar,2016).A community-based integrated child protection program is initiated by the Ministry ofWomen's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia in 2016;each province is selected 2 (two) districts/cities which will be a pilot project of PATBMpilot program. For the Province of West Java choose 2 (two) regions for the pilot area,2 (two) districts are Cirebon and West Bandung regency. For West Bandung Regencyselected 2 (two) Villages namely Tanjungwangi and Jayamekar. Jayamekar villageelected because of the research area in the village extremely high level of exploitationof children because there is one area in the village which became the center of Coet(mortar)manufacture which marketed in the city - the city of West Java and outsideJava West. Based on the above, the authors are interested in conducting research

Jurnal Empowerment
Volume 7 Nomor 2, September 2018 e-ISSN : 2580-7692 p-ISSN : 2252-4738

related to the Role of Pediatric Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Activist(PATBM) in Child Protection Effort which is expected to foster the awareness of thecommunity that he guarded about the importance of the protection effort for thechildren.
LITERATURE REVIEW

Role ConceptsAccording to (Soekanto, 2017) the notion of role is a dynamic aspect of status (status).When a person exercises his rights and obligations following his position, he carriesout a task. Everyone has various roles that come from the patterns of socialinteraction. The position in social interaction must distinguish the role inherent in aperson. A person's position in society is a static element that shows the place of anindividual in a community organization. The role of more refers to function,adjustment and as a process. Levinson in (Jabar, 2016)The role may include threethings:a. Roles include norms associated with a person's position or place in society. Thepurpose in thissense is the set of rules that guide a person in the life of the community.b. The role is a concept of what an individual can do in society as an organizationc. The role can also be said to be an essential individual behavior for the socialstructure of society.
The Role of the Activist's ConceptAccording to the guidelines of integrated community-based child protection activistsissued. Ministries of women's empowerment and child protection, Community BasedIntegrated Child Protection Activists (PATBM) are those consisting of a person, orpersons, especially child counsellors, children's figures, children themselves, and orthose who have concern for children who are active and able to mobilize communityactivities at village or kelurahan level. Lippit (1958) and Rogers (1983) in (TotokMardikanto, 2015) call it a change agent, a person who on behalf of the government orcommunity empowerment agency is obliged to influence the decision-making processby the (prospective) beneficiaries in adopting an innovation. Concerning the roles andresponsibilities of each facilitator/activist as above, Levin (1943) in (TotokMardikanto, 2015) introduces 3 (three) kinds of extension roles consisting ofactivities:a. Melting away with the target communityb. Mobilize the community by making changesc. Strengthening relationships with target communities.The three kinds of roles by Lippit (1958) in (Totok Mardikanto, 2015)) developed intoseveral other more detailed roles:a. Development of the need to make changes, in this stage, every facilitator/activistmust be able to play its role in activities:1) Diagnose the problems or needs - the real needs (real need) of the beneficiarycommunity

Jurnal Empowerment
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2) An analysis of the motivation and ability of the target community to makechanges, so that planned change efforts are clearly accepted and can beimplemented following the resources (funds, knowledge/skills, and institutions)that the community has3) Selection of the right object of change, with the initial activity that is actuallybelieved to be successful and has a very strategic meaning for the continuation offurther changes in the subsequent periods.4) Resource analysis that is available and or can be used by the facilitator / activistwho together beneficiaries for the changes as planned.5) Selection of the most appropriate role of assistance to be undertaken by thefacilitator/activist, whether in the form of expert assistance,encouragement/support for change, change formation, institutional formation,or strengthening community cooperation or creating a particular atmosphere forthe creation of change.b. Moving people to make changes. In this stage, the activities that thefacilitator/activist should do are:1) Establish a close relationship with the beneficiary community2) Show the beneficiaries the importance of the changes that must be made, byshowing the problems and needs that have not been felt by the beneficiarycommunity.3) Together with communities, prioritize activities, mobilize resources (raisefunds, organize training, establish and develop institutions), and lead (take theinitiative, direct, and guide) planned changes.c. Strengthen relationships with beneficiary communities through efforts to:1) Continuous cooperation and good relations with the beneficiary community,especially its leaders (both informal and informal precise figures).2) Together with community leaders to strengthen change efforts and design stepsof change that need implementation for the long term.3) Continually contribute to professional change through research activities andformulation of the concept of evolution to be offered.Totok Mardikanto (2015) conveyed various roles of extensionist/facilitator/activist ofcommunity empowerment which he called as an improvement, that is an acronym from:a. The purpose of education: to act as an educator in the sense of developing thelearning process with the beneficiaries, and continuing to instill the importance oflifelong learning to the beneficiary community.b. The role of dissemination of innovation; namely the purpose of disseminatinginformation/innovation from "outside" to the beneficiary community, or vice versa,and from fellow citizens to other citizens (within and between different socialsystems).c. The role of facilitation, which is to facilitate funding or indicate the sources of easerequired by beneficiaries and other development stakeholders. Regardingfacilitation, including the part of a mediation or as an intermediary betweendevelopment stakeholders.d. The role of consultation; i.e., as an advisor or alternative problem-solving providerfaced by its beneficiaries and other stakeholders.

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e. Advocacy role; namely to provide the function of assistance to policyformulation/decision making in favor of the benefit of the beneficiary community(mainly for the lower classes)f. The role of supervision; namely the position as supervisor (supervisor)implementation of advocacy activities and community empowerment offered fundsor implemented by the beneficiary community.g. The role of monitoring (monitoring) and evaluation; namely the task of conductingobservations, measurements, and assessments of the processes and outcomes ofcommunity empowerment, both during on-going activities and before (formative)and after events (ex-post/summative).Rogers in (Totok Mardikanto, 2015) suggests 4 (four) other things that became the keysuccess of extension/facilitator that is:a. Change-agent efforts or hard work finished by counselors/facilitatorsb. Client Orientation, or always referring to (the circumstances, problems, and needs) ofthe beneficiariesc. Compatibility with the client's needs, or must adapt its activities to the needs of thebeneficiaries;d. Empathy or tolerance, namely the ability to understand, feel, and put themselves asbeneficiaries.
Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) as a Community
Education Model (PENMAS)According to the PATBM activist training module (Indonesia, PATBM Activist TrainingModule, 2016), community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) is a movementof community networks or groups at the community level that works in a coordinatedway to achieve child protection goals. (Indonesia, PATBM Management Guidelines forDistrict / City & Province Government, 2017) several reasons explain why PATBM isessential:a. Community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) respects the right ofparticipation, strengthens and organizes community participation in child protectionb. Community-based integrated protection (PATBM) reinforces community andgovernment commitment to child protectionc. Community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) empowers communitiesThe capacity of every citizen, children, and parents to prevent and respond toviolence against children is enhanced through structured intervention activities inPATBM such as through information, counseling, training, discussion, mentoring,provision of consultations, exhibitions, etc. Moreover, through the involvement of thecommunity in all series of processes of PATBM activities ranging from situationanalysis, planning, implementation of activities, evaluation as well as coordination,consultation and referral; communities are empowered to have the confidence andability to prevent and solve child problems independently.d. Community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) can reach the broadercommunity to control the behavior better.e. Community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) optimizes resourceutilization.

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f. Community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) strengthens governmentsynergy with the community.g. Community-based integrated protection (PATBM) guarantees sustainabilityWhen PATBM increases commitment, community participation, government synergywith communities, and enlarges resource use, it ensures the sustainability of childprotection activities.h. Community-based integrated child protection (PATBM) can contribute substantiallyto effectiveness.The objectives of integrated community-based child protection (PATBM) (Indonesia,PATBM Activist Training Module, 2016) are:a. Prevent child abuseSome of the intermediate goals to achieve these goals are:1) The positive norms about nonviolence are socialized, implemented and enforcedand change the norm or understanding of norms that do not support non-violence.2) Establishment of support and control systems at the community and family levelto realize care that supports safe relationships to prevent violence.3) Increased life skills and self-defense of children in preventing violence.b. Responding to violenceEstablishment of effective mechanisms for identifying/detecting, helping andprotecting child victims of violence including to achieve justice for victims and childperpetrators. Some of the intermediate goals to achieve these goals are:1) The ability of the community to detect early child victims of violence.2) Service is available to receive reports and to assist the victim's child toimmediately obtain the necessary help that is easily accessible to the victim's orthe victim's or other rapporteur's family.Establishment of a network of quality andaccessible service agencies to address victims and perpetrators and handlechildren at risk.Hatimah (2016) Outside school education has ample opportunity to educate the public,empirical studies have illustrated that out-of-school education programs continue towork and adapt to the demands and development of society. This is evident from thestrategy developed by the Directorate of Outside School Education through empoweringapproach with Community Base Education (CBE) concept. Community-based educationis designed by the community to educate people, so they are empowered. It implies thatpeople are expected to have the power to build themselves through interaction withtheir environment. Galbraith in (Hatimah,2016), reveals the notion of community-basededucation that is: "Community-based education could be defined as an educationalprocess which individuals (in this case adults) become more competent in their skillsattitudes and concept in an effort to live more control over local aspects of theircommunities again through democratic participationAccording to Nurhattati Fuad in Hatimah (2016) the right value used as a foothold,guidance, or benchmark in the implementation of community-based education are:a. Community-based education is an effort to improve the quality of community life(community life quality improvement).

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b. Community-based education is a direct formation of civilized individuals/societiesthat have high levels of civilization quality (morally, technologically, and have greatadaptation with the development of the times) which implies the realization of happyand prosperous life order.c. Community-based education as an effort to improve the quality of life, empowermentand hatching community problems. The values that must created include the value ofsolidarity, solidarity, and togetherness.d. Community-based education presents educational contents that are believed to havethe ability to realize possible values that are relevant to the real needs of thecommunity.e. Community-based education as a community change effort, the content, and processof community education should be oriented towards the formation of independentleadership.
The concept of Child ProtectionIn Al-Quran, Allah SWT warns that every Muslim parent does not leave behind them aweak generation, both physically and mentally. Allah speaks in the Qur'an an-Nisa (4)verse 9 which means: "And fear Allah for those who should leave behind those weakchildren, whom they fear for (their welfare). Therefore, let them fear Allah and let themspeak the truth. "In the Qur'an Surat al-Isra (17) verse 31 Allah also says which means:"And kill not your children for fear of poverty. We are the ones who will give sustenanceto them and also to you. Truly killing them is a great sin. Every parent is obliged todeepen knowledge and insight and can follow the dynamics of child growth anddevelopment process. In this regard Rasulullah SAW advised that parents always payattention to the level of child development and the challenges they will face later.Rasulullah SAW said that means: "Train your children, for indeed they are created fortheir day, not your day." And Rasulullah SAW once said in a hadith narrated by IbnMajah which means: "Educate your children and make good their morals because thechildren are a gift for you." According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, theright of the child includes 4 (four) things:a. The right to survivalb. Right to develop (development)c. Right to protection (protection)d. Right to participate in public life (participation)
According to Child Protection Law, Number 35 of 2014 Article 1 paragraph 1 is meantby a child is a person who is not yet 18 (eighteen) years of age, including a child who isstill in the womb. While the definition of child protection Article 1 Paragraph 2 of theChild Protection Act states that the protection of children is an activity to guarantee andprotect children and their rights to live, grow, develop and participate optimally byhuman dignity and dignity, and have protection from violence and discrimination.

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METHODThis research uses qualitative approach and research method applied case study. Datacollection techniques through; participant observation, interviews, documentationmaterials, and triangulation are defined as data collection techniques that combine fromvarious data collection techniques and data sources that already exist. The place studiedin the Village Jayamekar Padalarang District West Bandung regency. Theactors/subjects studied are integrated community-based child protection activists inchild protection efforts. The researcher took the research subjects (actors) amountingto 5 (five) people consisting of Chairman of PATBM, Village Secretary, 3 (three)representatives of exploited children, victims of violence and parenting are not quiteright.
Results and DiscussionJayamekar is a village in Padalarang district, West Bandung regency, West Java.Jayamekar village is a village that resulted from the expansion of Cibugel Village in 1982at the time Cibugel District is still Kamantren. In the process of development JayamekarVillage has some potential and hope that needs to be improved, among others:1. Increased awareness of child protection and public health.2. Efforts to enhance the natural resources of education. Given at the beginning of 2009there has been an early childhood education group in various villages that directlycontributes positively to education for early childhood. This is also influenced by thegrowth factor of the original villagers in 2016 with 16,770 villagers, over time in2017 there was an increase of villagers around more than 17,000 people so that thepopulation of 17,995 (men 9,210 and Woman 8,785) about 31% of the total numberof children is 5,698 (2,920 men and 2,778 women)3. Efforts to improve village office facilities to serve the community, especially regardingcomputer-based information and communication system for village governmentapparatus in providing services to the community.

In the efforts to protect children in 2016 Jayamekar village has the opportunity tobecome a pilot project of a national integrated child protection program (PATBM), torun the program, elected by the village of 10 (ten) activists who will become cadres ofchild protection movement. The 10 (ten) activists consisted of representatives of PKK,BPD, KarangTaruna, Village Party, Religious Leaders, Educators. The ten activistsparticipated in the training conducted by West Java Province in the implementation ofPATBM. The training has been held 3 (three) times of training related to PATBMmodel, Program Implementation and Evaluation of PATBM and thematic PATBM.Various activities undertaken by PATBM activists are Socialization related to childprotection, child protection campaign, IEC related exploitation, child-friendly care,marriage age of the child, and case response related to child protection. Activists tookthe steps in realizing the fulfillment of the rights and welfare of children incooperation with institutions around the village areas such as DKM, police, socialservices, women empowerment service, child protection and family planning kab.West Bandung, P2TP2A. The activist's success factor is the spirit of activists andreliable networks with institutions that have goals related to child protection. The

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number of media for socialization, information and education communication (IEC)related to good parenting, child violence, drugs, stop child marriage through routinerecitals held in every RW, PKK team meeting, posyandu activities, new studentsadmission at school, during big day commemoration activities such as maulidnabi, 17August, child day, drug day.
CONCLUSIONThe role of PATBM activists in child protection efforts is carried out through variousactivities including strengthening existing positive norms in the community,strengthening parenting skills that are child-friendly, strengthening children skills inresisting violence, and case responses related to child protection cases. In carrying outits activities activists work together with child protection associated parties such aswomen's empowerment and child welfare and family planning, social services, policeheadquarters, schools, integrated empowerment centers for women's empowermentand child protection (P2TP2A), child forums, and babinmas. The success factors ofactivists in carrying out their roles supported by strong activist resources, strongvillage support, harmonious community cooperation, support from the stronger childprotection agency. The result of the role of the activist is seen by the reduction of casesrelated to violence in children, the exploitation of children to become sellers of "coet"(Mortar), and marriage of child age which is currently significantly reduced. Besides,the number of PATBM activists whose origin is 10 (ten) people at this time increasedto 135 people in RT, 24 people in RW scope, and 12 people in the village. Jayamekarvillage community is now aware of the importance of children's education so that theschool enrollment rate of children increases and the age of marriage decreases. Peoplewill also react when seeing negative things related to children such as children who donot have time to ride motor vehicles, children try smoking, children play gamesdirectly report to activists PATBM and activists respond quickly to cases - the casesoon, the protection of children trying to make each the rights of the child are notharmed. Child protection is complementary to other rights and ensures that childrenwill receive what they need for them to survive, grow and develop and be ready for thefuture.

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