


































Energy and Earth Science 
Vol. 6, No. 3, 2023 

www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ees 

ISSN 2578-1359 (Print)   ISSN 2578-1367 (Online) 

 

1 

 

Original Paper 

An Assessment to Human Perception to the Origin of 

Coronavirus by the Impact of Climate Change and Preventative 

Management of Pandemic Coronavirus COVID-19 

Akanda Md. Raihan Gafur
1*

, A S M Mahmudul Hasan Rifat
2
 & Mst. Nazneen Sultana

3
 

1
 Department of Water Resources Development, Bangladesh University of Engineering and 

Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
 

2
 Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 

3
 Department of Economics, National University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 

*
 Akanda Md. Raihan Gafur, Department of Water Resources Development, Bangladesh University of 

Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh 

 

Received: June 26, 2023         Accepted: July 24, 2023      Online Published: August 12, 2023 

doi:10.22158/ees.v6n3p1                     URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ees.v6n3p1 

 

Abstract 

On 12 January 2020, the WHO confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory 

illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, China. The aims of the study to assess the human 

perception to the origin of Coronavirus with relation to nature and find out preventative management 

about coronavirus. Primary data was collected for analyzing some factors regarding the Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change. Primary data was collected through an online 

questionnaire survey. An online questionnaire survey is used for human perception for taking public 

opinion about the origin of Coronavirus and preventative management which are conducted in 

Bangladesh. SPSS software is used for Linear Regression analysis and correlation with some variables. 

A total of three variables were considered in the model estimation of which are dependent variables 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and independent variables such 

as Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of environmental pollution, Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of global heat and Coronavirus microorganism originated by the 

sources of the impact of ice melting polar region. From the analysis, it is found that the Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change that makes a unique and statistically significant 

contribution to the prediction. Among 200 respondents, about 70% of peoples said “Maybe” 



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Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change, and it’s some factor. It is also 

found from the correlation analysis that the epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh, if 

immigrant persons come, if Curfew doesn’t issue, if peoples are not conscious, if peoples are not 

properly using mask and hand gloves, if they are not maintaining social distance and lock down rules. 

In the finding that, in the polar region, there are many ice stacks where thousands of years ago, the 

animals are dead but the virus and bacteria are in a state of sleep. As the heat increases, all glaciers 

and permafrost start to melt in the Polar region. As a result, many types of viruses, bacteria are 

starting to live. These viruses including Coronavirus will be mixed with different environmental 

elements such as water, biodiversity. This will easily affect biodiversity and other animals including 

humans. Above all Climate change may play a significant role in the transmission of many infectious 

diseases including Coronavirus. Community responses are important for outbreak management during 

the early phase of major preventive options.  

Keywords 

COVID-19, WHO, climate changes, preventative, epidemic, community  

 

1. Introduction 

On 31 December 2019, China reported to the WHO cases of pneumonia with unknown causes. On 12 

January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the 

cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China (Reynolds, 

Matt, 2020) since December 2019 as “2019-nCoV”, which was renamed by the International 

Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as “SARS-CoV-2” on 11 February 2020. In parallel, the WHO 

formally named the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as “COVID-19”, short for Coronavirus Disease 

2019. Back in late December 2019, a cluster of 27 pneumonia cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 with 

a common link to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was reported (Kwok On Kin et al.). 

Bangladesh faces significant challenges in combating COVID-19 as it is a densely populated country 

and also houses a million stateless Rohingya refugees in sprawling refugee camps that are conducive to 

the spread of epidemics. It also has significant migrant populations living in Italy, a COVID-affected 

country (IEDCR, 2020). 

The 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Bangladesh on March 2020. 

The first three known cases were reported on 7 March 2020 by the country’s epidemiology institute 

IEDCR. Infections stayed low till the end of March but saw a steep rise in April (IEDCR, 2020). 

Climate change is identified as the most pressing concern for human health in the 21st century and 

climate change mitigation as the greatest public health opportunity of this generation. Epidemics, just 

like weather and climate can threaten human health and social stability. Since the Millennium, the 

emergence of the coronavirus in 2003, the novel avian influenza (H1N1) in 2009, the Ebola virus in 

West Africa (2014-2016) and the Zika virus in the Americas (2015), amongst others, have 



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demonstrated the speed at which infectious diseases can spread with devastating effect (Bloom, Black 

& Rappuoli, 2017). 

As the planet warms and the ice thaws, scientists warn we could see the re-emergence of ancient 

pathogens currently unknown to science. These viruses, which have laid dormant and locked away in 

glaciers and permafrost—permanently frozen soil—for hundreds if not thousands of years, could “wake 

up”, researchers have said. Climate change causes ancient viruses to re-emerge. When ice melts then it 

will release glacial microbes and viruses that have been trapped and preserved for tens to hundreds of 

thousands of years. This melt could destroy microbial “archives” that may help us understand the Earth’s 

climate regimes in the past. However, in a worst-case scenario, this ice melt could release pathogens into 

the environment. 

It is now well understood that the impacts of climate change on global health and development are 

manifold. They result from changes in the extent and distribution of global warming of the atmosphere 

and oceans. Climate change is leading us to mass extinction. Now, the consequences of global warming 

are terrible (Costello et al., 2009). 

In Bangladesh, adopted strategies include: border screening (measuring body temperature, imposing a 

health declaration form system), imposing a 14-day mandatory quarantine period on all individuals 

entering Bangladesh from the Mainland, social-distancing (border shutdown, reducing cross-border 

commuting services, deferring class resumption for schools governed by the Education Bureau, 

home-office arrangement for civil servants, suspension of public services from the Leisure and Cultural 

Services Department) and extending the Enhanced Laboratory Surveillance Program to adult patients 

with fever and mild respiratory symptoms presenting at accident and emergency departments or general 

out-patient clinics under the public sector. 

The host’s behaviors are important for outbreak management, particularly during the early phase when 

no treatment or vaccination is available and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) are the only 

options. The efficacy of NPIs depends on the host’s degree of engagement and compliance in 

precautionary behaviors, such as wearing masks, hand hygiene, and self-isolation. Whether individuals 

voluntarily engage in precautionary behaviors depends on their risk perception of the current health 

threat. Human risk perception is the main theme in common health behavior theories (Kwok On Kin et 

al.).  

This study aims to assess the human perception to the origin of Coronavirus with relation to nature and 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and it’s some factor. Considering 

the rapid development of the epidemic during the survey period and the potential variability in the 

adoption of preventive measures among hosts, this study also explores preventative management about 

coronavirus COVID-19 and behavioral responses of the general community during the early phase of 

the COVID-19 epidemic. 

 



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2. Objectives and Methodology of the Study 

This paper aimed to assess the human perception to the origin of Coronavirus with relation to nature and 

find out preventative management about coronavirus COVID-19. An online questionnaire survey was 

conducted in Bangladesh within 15
th

 march to 15
th
 April, 2020 after the confirmed COVID-19 case was 

reported in the country’s epidemiology institute IEDCR. To avoid duplicated responses from the same 

respondent, the survey could only be taken once from the same electronic device. Primary data was 

collected for analyzing some factors regarding the Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of 

climate change. Primary data was collected through an online questionnaire survey. An online 

questionnaire survey is used for demographic information (sex, age, and education level), human 

perception about COVID-19 for taking opinion for Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact 

of climate change and preventative management about COVID-19. Microsoft Excel software is used 

for some simple statistical data analysis and SPSS software is used for Linear Regression analysis and 

correlation with some variables. A total of three variables were considered in the model estimation of 

which are dependent variables Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and 

independent variables such as Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of environmental 

pollution, Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of global heat and Coronavirus 

microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of ice melting polar region. Besides some 

variable correlation with Epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh, if immigrant persons 

come, if Curfew doesn’t issue, if peoples are unconscious, if peoples are not properly using the mask 

and hand gloves, if they are not maintaining social distance and lockdown rules. There are also some 

guidelines about preventive management of COVID-19. 

 

3. Literature Review  

In 2003, the Chinese population was infected with a virus causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 

(SARS) in Guangdong province. The virus was confirmed as a member of the Betacoronavirus 

subgroup and was named SARS-CoV (Peiris, Guan, Yuen, 2003; Pyrc, Berkhout, Van Der Hoek, 2007). 

A decade later in 2012, a couple of Saudi Arabian nationals were diagnosed to be infected with another 

coronavirus. The detected virus was confirmed as a member of coronaviruses and named as the Middle 

East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) MERS-CoV is a member beta-coronavirus 

subgroup and phylogenetically diverse from other human-CoV (Rahman & Sarkar, 2019). Recently, by 

the end of 2019, WHO was informed by the Chinese government about several cases of pneumonia 

with unfamiliar etiology. The outbreak was initiated from the Hunan seafood market in Wuhan city of 

China and rapidly infected more than 50 peoples. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been 

identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning 

in December 2019. The World Health Organization has declared it a Public Health Emergency of 

International Concern (Cui, Li & Shi, 2019; Lai, Shih, Ko, Tang & Hsueh, 2020).  



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SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the coronavirus family, named for the crown-like appearance of spikes on 

the virus surface. Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. Like 

MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 is a beta coronavirus and is likely associated with an 

animal reservoir (e.g., bats). Coronaviruses are minute in size (65-125 nm in diameter) and contain a 

single-stranded RNA as a nucleic material, size ranging from 26 to 32kbs in length(Zhong, Zheng, Li, 

Poon, Xie, Chan et al., 2003). 

All coronaviruses contain specific genes in ORF1 downstream regions that encode proteins for viral 

replication, nucleocapsid, and spikes formation (van Boheemen, de Graaf, Lauber, Bestebroer, Raj, 

Zaki et al., 2012). The glycoprotein spikes on the outer surface of coronaviruses are responsible for the 

attachment and entry of the virus to the host. The Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) is loosely attached 

among virus, therefore, the virus may infect multiple hosts (Raj, Mou, Smits, Dekkers, Müller, 

Dijkman et al., 2013; Perlman & Netland, 2009). 

Emerging infectious diseases pose a threat to public health, animal agriculture, and wildlife 

conservation (Daszak et al., 2000). The majority of emerging infectious diseases in humans are 

zoonosis, and two-thirds of these originate in wildlife (Jones et al., 2008). 

Bats are implicated in the emergence of many zoonotic diseases, including the coronaviruses (CoVs) 

responsible for deadly outbreaks of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003, and 

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) which first emerged in 2012 (Baldwin, 2015). 

Emerging viral infections in both humans and animals have been reported with increased frequency in 

recent years. Recent advances have been made in our knowledge of some of these, including severe 

acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus, influenza A virus, human metapneumovirus, West 

Nile virus, and Ebola virus. Research efforts to mitigate their effects have concentrated on improved 

surveillance and diagnostic capabilities, as well as on the development of vaccines and antiviral agents. 

More attention needs to be given to the identification of the underlying causes for the emergence of 

infectious diseases, which are often related to anthropogenic social and environmental changes. 

Addressing these factors might help to decrease the rate of emergence of infectious diseases and allow 

the transition to a more sustainable society (Kuiken, Fouchier, Rimmelzwaan & Osterhaus, 2003). 

Climate change is identified as the most pressing concern for human health in the 21st century. Climate 

interacts with health through a wide variety of direct and indirect mechanisms (Marmot, 2005). The 

impacts of weather and climate events, such as droughts, floods, storms, heat waves, sea-level rise, and 

generalized warming, threaten the health of vulnerable populations around the world. Many infectious 

diseases are climate-sensitive; climate acting as an important driver of spatial and seasonal patterns of 

infections, year-to-year variations in incidence (including epidemics), and longer-term shifts in 

populations at risk (Kelly-Hope & Thomson, 2008). Increasingly those responsible for the development 

of disease control strategies have identified. Climate may play a significant role in the transmission of 

many infectious diseases (Thomson et al., 2017). 



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According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there is no specific 

recommended antiviral therapy for COVID-19 (WHO, 2020). Active surveillance for new cases and 

close monitoring of their contacts are necessary to control the spread of COVID-19. To improve 

detection efficiency, front-line clinics, apart from local centers for disease control and prevention 

should be armed with validated point-of-care diagnostic kits. Education campaigns should be launched 

to promote precautions for travelers, including frequent hand-washing, cough etiquette, and use of 

personal protection equipment (e.g., masks) when visiting public places. Also, the general public 

should be motivated to report fever and other risk factors for viral infection, including travel history to 

affected area and close contacts with confirmed or suspected cases (Khan, Muhammad, Khayal, Ahmed 

& Rahman, 2020). 

 

4. Data Analysis Result and Discussion  

4.1 Respondent Characteristics 

Complete data from 200 respondents were analyzed. Respondents were asked about their demographics 

information (including sex, age, and education). Many of the respondents are male (69%), of young age 

(25-54 years) (80%), education level Honors (68%). Most of the Respondents were asked about 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and its some factor. It is also 

asked about the Epidemic effects of COVID-19 and some preventative measures. 

4.2 Human Perception of Coronavirus Microorganism Related to Nature 

Respondents were asked about coronavirus microorganism related to nature. Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and its some factor. These factors are 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of environmental pollution, Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of global heat, and Coronavirus microorganism originated by the 

sources of the impact of ice melting polar region. 

 

 

Figure 1. Coronavirus Curse of Nature Globally  

Source: Author Preparation, 2020. 



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Among 200 respondents, about 64% of peoples said that Coronavirus is a curse of nature. As the form of 

nature is changing day by day. There needs to be given more attention to the identification of the 

underlying causes for the emergence of infectious diseases, which are often related to anthropogenic 

social and environmental changes. 

 

 

Figure 2. Coronavirus Microorganism Formed by Climate Change  

Source: Author Preparation, 2020. 

 

According to human perception, about 70% of peoples said “Maybe” Coronavirus microorganism 

formed by the impact of climate change, and it’s some factor. Global warming increasing day by day 

on the earth which causes massive environmental change. Many infectious diseases are 

climate-sensitive; climate change acting as an important role to exposed many viruses. 

4.3 Result and Interpretation of Statistical Analysis  

SPSS software is used for Linear Regression analysis and correlation with some variables. A total of 

three variables were considered in the model estimation of which are dependent variables Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and independent variables such as Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of environmental pollution, Coronavirus microorganism formed 

by the impact of global heat and Coronavirus microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of 

ice melting polar region. 

 

 

 

 

 

 



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Table1. Results from the Regression Analysis 

Model Summery 

Model R R Square Adjusted R 

Square 

Std. Error of   

the Estimate 

Linear Regression .534
a
 .285 .255 .566 

ANOVA 

Model Type 

 

Model Sum of  

Squares 

df Mean 

Square 

F 

 

Sig. 

 

Linear regression 

 

Regression 12.130 4 3.032 9.467 .000
b
 

Residual 30.430 95 .320 

Total 42.560 99  

Co-efficient 

Dependent Variable Model Variables Coefficient Std. Error of 

the Estimate 

T Sig. 

ln (V) Constant .741 .253 2.926 .001 

 

 

 

 

 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of environment pollution 

-.152 .118 -1.289 .201 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of global heat 

.453 .116 3.911 .000 

Coronavirus microorganism originated 

from the sources of the impact of ice 

melting polar region 

.198 .118 1.681 .004 

Note. Dependent Variable: Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change.            

Source: Author preparation, 2020. 

 

The coefficient of determination R
2
 is calculated by linear regression of SPSS software. Rafiq explains 

that “The R
2
 measures the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable explained by the 

independent variables” (Rafiq, 2012, p. 67). A higher R
2
 would suggest that the calculated regression 

equation line fits closer to the data points (Azyyati et al., 2007). 

The R
2
 for the regression equation of the study is 28.5% (Table 1 (model summary)). This result means 

that the model explains 28.5% of the variance in Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of 

climate change. The value of R
2
 is low which means that there may be other possible variables that may 

influence the Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change which is not 

included in the regression analysis. Another possible factor is people’s perception of answering any 

decision which changes from time to time. 

 



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ANOVA table can be used to evaluate the statistical significance of the result. Table 1 indicates that F 

value is 9.467 where significance level is 0.000. The computed F value is given as which exceeds the 

critical value of F which is 1.94 where significance level is 0.05. It can be concluded from F value that 

at least one of the regression coefficients are not equal to zero. 

From Table 1, the Beta values can be observed as a coefficient of each independent variable. 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of global heat, Coronavirus microorganism 

originated by the sources of the impact of ice melting polar region makes the stronger unique 

contribution to explain the dependent variable Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of 

climate change for their larger beta coefficients (0.453 for Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of global heat, 0.198 for Coronavirus microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of 

ice melting polar region). The Beta values for other variables are very low, indicating there less 

contribution to the model. The column labeled as Sig. in Table 1 (coefficient) shows whether the 

variable is making a statistically significant unique contribution to the model or not. If the Sig. value is 

less than 0.05, the variable is making a significant unique contribution to the prediction of the 

dependent variable. And if the value is greater than 0.05, it can be said that that variable is not making 

a significant unique contribution to the prediction of the dependent variable. From the Sig. value of this 

Table 1 it can be seen that only Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of global heat and 

Coronavirus microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of ice melting polar region make a 

unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction of Coronavirus microorganism formed 

by the impact of climate change because in this case the Sig. value is less than 0.05. Other variables 

make no unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction of the Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change because of their Sig. value which is more than 

0.05. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



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Table 2. Correlation between Coronavirus Microorganism Formed by the Impact of Climate 

Change and Coronavirus Microorganisms Formed by the Impact of Environmental Pollution 

 

Table 3. Correlation between Coronavirus Microorganism Formed by the Impact of Climate 

Change and Coronavirus Microorganisms Formed by the Impact of Global Heat 

 

Coronavirus 

microorganism 

formed by the impact 

of climate change 

Coronavirus 

microorganism 

formed by the impact 

of global heat 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of climate change 

Pearson Correlation 1 .507
**

 

Sig. (2-tailed)  .000 

N 200 200 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of global heat 

Pearson Correlation .507
**

 1 

Sig. (2-tailed) .000  

N 200 200 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coronavirus 

microorganism 

formed by the impact 

of climate change 

Coronavirus 

microorganism formed 

by the impact of 

environment pollution 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of climate change 

Pearson Correlation 1 .302
**

 

Sig. (2-tailed)  .000 

N 200 200 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of environment pollution 

Pearson Correlation .302
**

 1 

Sig. (2-tailed) .000  

N 200 200 



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Table 4. Correlation between Coronavirus Microorganism Formed by the Impact of Climate 

Change and Coronavirus Microorganism Originated from the Sources of the Impact of the Ice 

Melting Polar Region 

 

Coronavirus 

microorganism 

formed by the 

impact of climate 

change 

Coronavirus 

microorganism 

originated from the 

sources of the impact of 

ice melting polar region 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of climate change 

Pearson Correlation 1 .386
**

 

Sig. (2-tailed)  .000 

N 200 200 

Coronavirus microorganism originated 

from the sources of the impact of ice 

melting polar region 

Pearson Correlation .386
**

 1 

Sig. (2-tailed) .000  

N 200 200 

Source: Author preparation, 2020. 

 

It is apparent from Table 2, 3 and 4 that Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of 

environmental pollution, Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of global heat and 

Coronavirus microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of ice melting polar region of 200 

respondents who have Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change directly is 

positively correlated with Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and. Sig. 

the value in the table shows whether the variable is making a statistically significant unique 

contribution to the other factor or not. If the Sig. value is less than 0.05, the variable is making a 

significant unique contribution to the prediction of other variables. And if the value is greater than 0.05, 

it can be said that that variable is not making a significant unique contribution to the prediction of other 

variables. From the Sig. value of these tables it can be seen Coronavirus microorganism formed by the 

impact of environmental pollution, Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of global heat 

and Coronavirus microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of ice melting polar region that 

make a unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction of the Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change because in case the Sig. value is less than 0.05. 

4.4 Preventative Management about COVID-19 in the Context of Bangladesh  

Respondents think that epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh, if immigrant persons 

come, if Curfew doesn’t issue, if peoples are not conscious, if peoples are not properly using the mask 

and hand gloves, if PPE and masks distributed properly among Medical Staff, if they are not 

maintaining social distance and lockdown rules. Respondents were asked whether they performed 

precautionary measures and what their perceived efficacies of those measures are. Three types of 



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precautionary measures were considered: hygienic practices, social distancing, and travel avoidance. 

Enhanced personal hygiene practices (including wearing masks, cleaning hands and better coughing 

and sneezing etiquette) and avoid traveling to Coronavirus affected country. For social-distancing 

measures were considered useful in preventing COVID-19. The table shows the correlation analysis 

results for the epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high in Bangladesh.  

 

 

Figure 3. Proper Management about COVID-19 

Source: Author Preparation, 2020. 

 

It is apparent from figures that about 60% of respondents think that there was not any proper 

management taken by the Government of Bangladesh about COVID-19. It isn’t the right decision to let 

immigrant persons come to Bangladesh and Curfew doesn’t issue due to this reason the epidemic effect 

of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh. About 40% respondents said that Bangladesh government take 

a necessary step about COVID-19 adopted strategies include: border screening measuring body 

temperature, imposing a 14-day mandatory quarantine period on all individuals entering Bangladesh 

from the Mainland, social-distancing (lockdown, border shutdown, closing religious place, closing all 

educational institution, home-office arrangement for civil servants, suspension of public services from 

the Leisure and Cultural Services Department). 

 



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Figure 4. PPE and Masks Distributed Properly among Medical Staff  

Source: Author Preparation, 2020. 

 

It is apparent from figures that about 80% of respondents think that there was not any proper 

distribution of PPE and Masks among the Medical Staff. If there was no proper distribution of PPE and 

Masks among the Medical Staff, epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high in Bangladesh. Medical 

staffs are in direct contact with patients. So they are at high risk in COVID-19. If they get affected, then 

community transmission will be high. So PPE and Masks should be distributed properly among the 

Medical Staff and the government should take proper steps for it. 

 

Table 5. Correlations between the Epidemic Effect of COVID-19 Will High on Bangladesh and If 

Immigrant Persons Come 

 

Epidemic effect of 

COVID-19 will high on 

Bangladesh 

If immigrant 

persons come 

Epidemic effect of COVID-19 

will high on Bangladesh 

Pearson Correlation 1 .230
**

 

Sig. (2-tailed)  .001 

N 200 200 

If immigrant persons come 

Pearson Correlation .230
**

 1 

Sig. (2-tailed) .001  

N 200 200 

Source: Author preparation, 2020. 

 

 

 



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A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationship between the 

Epidemic effect of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh and If immigrant persons come. There was a 

positive correlation between the two variables that make a unique and statistically significant 

contribution to the prediction. If the number of immigrant persons comes to Bangladesh increases, the 

epidemic effect of COVID-19 will also increase in Bangladesh. 

Among 200 respondents, about 84% of peoples said that it isn’t the right decision to let immigrant 

persons come to Bangladesh and due to this reason the epidemic effect of COVID-19 will high in 

Bangladesh. 

 

Table 6. Correlations between Epidemic Effect of COVID-19 Will High on Bangladesh and If 

Curfew Doesn’t Issue for COVID-19 

  

Epidemic effect of 

COVID-19 will high 

on Bangladesh 

If Curfew doesn’t 

issue for 

COVID-19 

Epidemic effect of COVID-19 will high on 

Bangladesh 

Pearson 

Correlation 
1 .662

**
 

Sig. 

(2-tailed)  
0 

N 200 200 

If Curfew doesn’t issue for COVID-19 

Pearson 

Correlation 
.662

**
 1 

Sig. 

(2-tailed) 
0 

 

N 200 200 

Source: Author preparation, 2020. 

 

It is apparent from the table there was a positive correlation between the two variables that make a 

unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction. If Curfew doesn’t issue then the 

Epidemic effect of COVID-19 will increase in Bangladesh. One the other hand If Curfew issue then the 

Epidemic effect of COVID-19 will decrease in Bangladesh. Among 200 respondents, about 96% of 

peoples said that the Curfew issue should be a necessary action for COVID-19. As people aren’t 

conscious of social distance and lockdown rules. They are making any excuse to go outside and the 

defense force can’t control them. For this reason, the Government should have issued curfew as a 

necessary action to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19. 

 

 



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Table 7. Correlations between the Epidemic Effect of COVID-19 Will High on Bangladesh and If 

Peoples of Bangladesh Conscious about COVID-19 

 

Epidemic effect of 

COVID-19 will high on 

Bangladesh 

If peoples of 

Bangladesh conscious 

about COVID-19 

Epidemic effect of 

COVID-19 will high on 

Bangladesh 

Pearson Correlation 1 -.175
*
 

Sig. (2-tailed)  .000 

N 200 200 

If peoples of Bangladesh 

conscious about COVID-19 

Pearson Correlation -.175
*
 1 

Sig. (2-tailed) .013  

N 200 200 

Source: Author preparation, 2020. 

 

It is noticed from the table there was a negative correlation between the two variables that make a 

unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction. If peoples of Bangladesh are low 

conscious then the epidemic effect of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh. About 72% of people 

responded that if peoples of Bangladesh are not conscious about COVID-19, the Epidemic effect rate 

will be high in Bangladesh. As peoples of Bangladesh are not properly using masks and hand gloves, 

they are not maintaining social distance. 

 

Table 8. Correlations between the Epidemic Effect of COVID-19 Will High on Bangladesh and If 

Curfew Doesn’t Issue for COVID-19 

 

Epidemic effect of 

COVID-19 will 

high on Bangladesh 

Opening 

religious places 

for COVID-19 

Epidemic effect of COVID-19 will high 

on Bangladesh 

Pearson Correlation 1 .302
**

 

Sig. (2-tailed)  .000 

N 200 200 

Opening religious places for COVID-19 

Pearson Correlation .302
**

 1 

Sig. (2-tailed) .000  

N 200 200 

 

Source: Author preparation, 2020. 

 



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It is apparent from Table there was a positive correlation between the two variables that make a unique 

and statistically significant contribution to the prediction. If open the religious places then the epidemic 

effect rate for COVID-19 will high in Bangladesh. About 80% of people responded that it’s the right 

decision of the government to close all religious places for COVID-19. 

4.5 Prevention and Control Measures to Prevent Transmission of Infection 

 Avoid physical contact (e.g., hugs, hands shaking, etc.) and social contacts and wash your hand 

with sanitizer and soap. Isolated from the affected people and use mostly Vitamin-C for its 

controlling whiles it is also identified to use chlroqeen for its controlling. Besides ginger tea 

and hot water drink frequently. 

 Wear a face mask that covers the nose and mouth as much as possible, especially when in shared 

areas. The face mask should be changed frequently; always change the mask when it becomes 

soiled or wet. 

 When the face mask is taken off, it should be removed by touching only the elastic bands or 

strings; front and inside parts should be never touched. Hands should be washed/cleaned 

immediately (and thoroughly) after removing the face mask. 

 Use disposable towels, Gloves, and mask if available. If not available, then change towels, 

Gloves, and mask frequently and wash them with regular laundry detergent in a hot-water 

cycle (90°C). If an item cannot be washed in a hot water cycle, use bleach or other laundry 

products for the decontamination of textiles. 

 Used gloves, paper tissues, and face masks should be immediately put in the waste bag. 

 These waste bags can be collected together and placed in a clean general garbage bag. 

 After handling waste bags, strict hand hygiene should be performed: use water and soap or 

alcohol-based hand disinfectants. 

 Toilet, bathroom sink, floor, etc. should be cleaned daily, avoiding splashes. Surfaces and objects 

should be disinfected with regular household bleach, in a dilution corresponding to 0.05-0.1% 

sodium hypochlorite (20 ml of household bleach should be diluted in 1 liter of water). This 

solution should be used immediately and prepared fresh every time it is needed. 

4.6 Personal Protective Measures at Home in Case of Corona Virus COVID-19 

 Mix 1 teaspoon of bleaching powder in 1-2 liters of water and mix well. If there is a spray bottle, 

you can fill it with spray bottles. But after 24 hours the bleaching solution will reduce it’s 

effectiveness. 

 In any material and metal, wood furniture, plastic, books, paper, steel, fridge, watch, mirror, Thai 

window, toilet, bathroom basin, floor the corona virus survives for 1-5 days. So spray with 

bleaching water every day. Take these items after spraying 10 minutes. 

 The virus survives for five days in the water glass, tea cups, plates and silver and steel basins. 

Wash them with detergent or veem. 



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 Don’t bring any outsiders to home. Because the corona virus can now be infected for 14 days 

without any symptoms. When you talk to a person, you should talk with a mask or a 3-6 foot 

distance because the virus can spread by breathing.  

4.7 Personal Protective Measures on Market Place in the Context of COVID-19 

 Gloves, masks and full-sleeved clothes to be worn when you go to the market. 

 You need to take a polythene bag when you go to the market. You have to take the money in a 

polythene bag without taking the money in your pocket. Because the virus is alive for 6 to 8 

hours in the money. You have to go home and throw money out of that polythene bag. We’ll 

have to catch that money after 24 hours. If you have a coin, you need to wash it in a bleaching 

wash. 

 The bag you carry in the market has to be put in the sun, and after 24 hours, you have to catch it. 

 You have to put the items from the market on paper. The vegetables, fish, and meat from the 

market should be soaked with 1 to 1.5 teaspoons of baking soda for 10-15 minutes or wet for 1 

hour with saltwater. 

 Whoever visits the market will put the goods in the paper. Then he will go straight to the 

bathroom and wash his gloves, masks, and clothes with detergents and take a bath. 

4.8 Personal Protective Measures on the Workplace in the Context of COVID-19 

 Gloves, masks and full-sleeved clothes to be worn while going to work. 

 You need to kill germs desks and tables, laptops, desktop telephones, keyboards with regular 

germs-kill in your workplace or office. 

 When you get home from the office, you'll knock the door with your elbows rather than hand. 

The switch of the elevator or calling bell will touch with the tissue paper. 

 After entering the house, you have to go straight into the bathroom without touching any person 

or object. If you have a bag in your hand, you must place it in a specific place so that no one 

touches. Go to the bathroom and wash your clothes with detergents and bath with soap. 

 Put things you carry in the office, such as bags, wallets, mobiles, etc. in a table or a box. Spray 

them with a mixture of bleaching powder and clean them thoroughly. 

 After taking a bath at home from the office, drink light hot water, tea, lemon juice and take hot 

steam from hot water. Because the virus dies at a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



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5. Major Finding 

The study was conducted for two purposes: to assess the human perception to the origin of Coronavirus 

with relation to nature and find out preventative management about coronavirus. According to human 

perception, about 70% of peoples said “Maybe” Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of 

climate change, and it’s some factor. In the polar region, there are many ice stacks which among them 

glaciers and permafrost are natural freezers of the world. Thousands of years ago, the dead bodies were 

buried in a state of unsightly condition. The animals are dead but the virus and bacteria are in a state of 

sleep. The glaciers and permafrost are melting due to global warming. As a result, thousands of old 

bodies have begun to be exposed. As a result, the virus, bacteria are starting to live. These viruses 

including coronavirus will be mixed with different environmental elements such as water, biodiversity. 

This will easily affect biodiversity and other animals such as bats. There are many countries where 

these animals are served as food, and then it affects the people. Climate change may play a significant 

role in the transmission of many infectious diseases including coronavirus. Climate change is leading 

us to mass extinction. Now, the consequences of global warming are terrible. If climate change 

continues to escalate, the rate of emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases will only increase 

in the future. 

The correlation analysis results for Epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh, if 

immigrant persons come, If Curfew doesn’t issue, if peoples are not conscious, if peoples are not 

properly using mask and hand gloves, if they are not maintaining social distance and lockdown rules. 

There are some guidelines for prevention and control measures to prevent transmission of infection in 

the market place and workplace. 

In the finding that according to Regression analysis, correlation, and human perception Coronavirus 

microorganism formed by the impact of climate change. Community responses are important for 

outbreak management during the early phase of major preventive options. 

 

6. Conclusion  

To conclude, we identified human perception towards COVID-19 in the community, with the 

Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change. Most respondents are alert to the 

disease progression of COVID-19 and adopt self-protective measures. Precautionary measures were 

considered: hygienic practices, social distancing, and travel avoidance. Enhanced personal hygiene 

practices (including wearing masks, cleaning hands and better coughing and sneezing etiquette) and 

avoid traveling to Coronavirus affected country. For social-distancing measures were considered useful 

in preventing COVID-19. In the finding according to Regression analysis, correlation, and human 

perception Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change, this study contributes 

by examining that if we cannot balance the environment, there are many virus are exposed in the 

environment. Climate change may play a significant role in the transmission of many infectious 



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diseases including coronavirus. If climate change continues to escalate, the rate of emergence and 

re-emergence of infectious diseases will only increase in the future. 

 

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