Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 3, 2018, 3038-3040 3038 www.etasr.com Zaman et al.: Fabrication and Characterization of Organoclay Reinforced Polyester Based Hybrid … Fabrication and Characterization of Organoclay Reinforced Polyester Based Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials Noor Zaman Institute of Chemistry Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan noorzamanshar@gmail.com Shfique Ahmed Institute of Chemistry Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan ashafique2010@gmail.com Muhammad Sanaullah Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan sana.ullah.geo@pu.edu.pk Attique Ur Rehman Institute of Geology University of The Punjab Lahore, Pakistan attique786aur@gmail.com Abdul Raheem Shar Institute of Chemistry Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan saifiraheem3863920@gmail.com Muhammad Ramzan Luhur Dpt of Mechanical Engineering QUEST Nawabshah Pakistan ramzanluhur@yahoo.com Abstract—Synthesis and characterization of polyester nanocomposites was conducted in order to fabricate hybrid composite materials of polyester/montmorillonite (MMT). Polyester based polymeric nanocomposite materials were synthesized by incorporating MMT nanoclay to produce polyester/MMT hybrid materials. Successful efforts were made to fabricate hybrid nanocomposite materials based on matrix (polyester based) and reinforcement (organoclay) through sonication at 6 and 12 hours. Synthesized nanocomposite polymers (polyester/MMT) showed different properties when compared to the properties of MMT and polyester, which confirmed the successful fabrication of the desired material. The finest incorporation of polyester with MMT was verified by UV- Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier tranform-infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The disappearance of the Si-O characteristic peak was observed in the FTIR spectrum justifying the fabrication of the desired composite materials. Colored SEM images were used to confirm the fine homogenous distribution of organoclay. Black SEM images showed the matrix and reinforcement together. SEM, FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze polyester based nanocomposite materials and organoclay was found randomly distributed in the polymeric matrix whereas on the surface was observed to be mostly uniform. Keywords-polyester; nanocomposite; reinforcement; UV-Visible spectrophotometer I. INTRODUCTION Nano devices are usually used to describe the structures in which nanomaterials are present [1, 2]. Various subfields are included in nanomaterial field which in which studied substances possess exceptional properties arising from their nanoscale sizes [3]. Nanoionics and nanoelectronics are associated to nanomaterials with speedy transport of ions. Current applications of nanomaterials consist of biosensors, drug delivery and tissue engineering [4].Various technologies are now able to produce nanomaterials smaller than 100nm which fell down from predictable solid state silicon methods for manufacturing microprocessors [5, 6]. It is due to nanotechnology that various products have become cheaper, faster and easier [7]. Manufacturing and utilizing of nanomaterials on industrial scale may have multiple effects on human health and the environment as recommended by nanotoxicology investigations [8, 9]. Composite materials can be produced by adding of two or more component substances which possess different physical and chemical properties, but on combination may give a substance possessing properties combining the ones of their individual constituents. Within the ending product constituents remain isolate and discrete. Rigidity is generally added by reinforcement which obstructs crack transmission to large extent. Extremely high strength is provided by thin fibers. Therefore overall properties of composites are progressed by mechanical mixing to the matrix. Present study regards UV-Visible and FTIR spectra of the synthesized hybrid nanocomposite matrix. The synthesized composite will be subjected to SEM in order to determine its surface morphology, distribution, compatibility and reinforcement. II. METHODS Experimental work was conducted to produce hybrid composite materials of polyester synthesis and their characterization. Sonicator and centrifuge machine was used for the synthesis of polyester nanocomposite hybrid materials whereas UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR and SEM instruments were used for their characterization which revealed and verified the optimum incorporation of polyester with MMT. A. sam int suc hou 6, wa ver po B. of So wa C. for at ver to mo D. gen rel sho usi acc A. 40 the det B. wa attr am pea in the org pea pea str C. con thr Int Engineerin www.etasr Synthesis of P For the sy mples the solu terval of 3 ho ccessful incorp urs and 12 ho 9, 12 hours. B as white whic rified the suc lyester. Sonication It is also kno greater tha onochemistry e aves on chemic Centrifuge Centrifuge m r the purpose o the bottom wh ry high speed nano-scale l olecular weigh Scanning Ele Better than 1 neral SEM mo leased by ato owing the top ing a special cumulating sec I UV-Visible S The hybrid c 0nm and the λ e absorbance termined using FTIR Charac The spectrum ave numbers ributed to the mine –NH2. Th ak for the MM polymer matri e peak at 994 ganoclay pres ak broadening aks at 2850.8 retching (Figur Comparison Ultrasonicat FTIR spectra nfirm the inc rough the p terestingly, by ng, Technology r.com Polyester/MM ynthesis of P ution was soni ours until spl poration, clear ours, whereas Before ultra-so ch was then ccessful inco own as ultraso an 20kHz ar explains the c cal structure [ machines used of separating h hereas lighter centrifuge, fin level as well hts. ectron Micros 1nm resolution ode is the dete oms excited pography of t detector, by condary releas III. RESULT Spectroscopic composite solu λmax at was f of solutions g UV-Visible cterization m revealed the at 994.4cm- e peaks of Si-O he value of 994 MT organoclay ix through son 4cm-1 should ence in the po g justifies the p 8–2925cm-1 at re 2). of FTIR Spe tion Time a of organocla corporation of presence of y increasing so y & Applied Sci Zaman MT Clay Comp Polyester/MMT icated for 3 to lendid experim r nanofabricat sample collec onication the altered to gr rporation of nication as ult re commonly chemical influe 11, 12, 13]. in the laborat heavy particles particles float ne particles m as molecule cope n is produced ermination of s by electron the sample su scanning the sed electrons. TS AND DISCUS Measurement ution was scan found to be 34 of different spectrophotom characteristic 1and 3300-32 O stretch vibr 4.4cm-1 is the y. When the M nication at diff appear as th olymer matrix presence of H ttribute to the ectra of Organ ay at different f MMT in the the Si-O c onication time ience Research et al.: Fabricat posite T clay com 12 hours with mental results tion was foun ction was done color of the s rey jellylike w organoclay i trasonic freque y employed ences of ultra tories are emp s which settle t at the top [14 may be separate es having dif by SEM [15] subsidiary ele beams. An urface is creat sample as w SION ts nned from 250 41nm. At this λ concentrations meter. c peak of organ 200cm-1 whic rations and pr major charact MMT is incorpo ferent time int he confirmati x. Above 3400 H-bonding. How −CH3 asymm noclay at Diff times of soni e polymeric m characteristic e the Si-O int h V tion and Chara mposite h time s. For nd at 9 e at 3, ample which in the encies [10]. asound ployed down 4]. By ed out fferent ]. The ctrons image ted by well as 0nm to λmax, s was noclay h are rimary eristic orated tervals ion of 0cm-1, wever metric fferent cation matrix peak. tensity dec mat stud wit and 360 mat Fig. mate Fig. poly Vol. 8, No. 3, 20 acterization of O creases, furthe trix. This tren dies clearly in th the increase d increase of 00cm-1 proves terial. 1. Concentra erials Fig. 2 3. Comparis yester at 6, 9 & 12 018, 3038-3040 Organoclay Rei er confirming nd is confirm ndicate the di of sonication –OH, NH2 a s the fabrica ation of 10, 20, 2. FTIR spect on of FTIR spect 2 hours of ultrason inforced Polyes the dispersio med justified in ispersion of c time. The dec absorption pe ation of the 30, 40 and 50% trum of MMT org trum of MMT (or nication. 3039 ster Based Hybr on of clay into n SEM. The clay homogen crease of Si-O eaks from 340 desired comp % of hybrid com ganoclay rganoclay) incorp rid … o the SEM ously peak 00 to posite mposite porated Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 3, 2018, 3038-3040 3040 www.etasr.com Zaman et al.: Fabrication and Characterization of Organoclay Reinforced Polyester Based Hybrid … D. SEM Characterization SEM images of MMTs clearly indicate that it is homogeneous and its surface is smooth (Figure 4). The white spots on the image show the presence of MMT, however the distribution is clustered and not uniform. Black SEM image shows the febricula distribution of organoclay over the polyester. The orange and cool blue SEM images reveal the fine distribution of organoclay. SEM images also show that the surface of MMT and polyester is homogeneous and smooth. Therefore these samples are regarded as pure and fine. Successful incorporation of organoclay MMT was observed which can be seen from SEM images taken at different resolutions. The continuous trend of homogeneity, uniformity and exfoliation is observed at 12 hour of sonication. At 12 hours of sonication the incorporation of MMT organoclay was observed perfectly homogeneous and uniform (Figure4). FTIR spectra and SEM images clearly indicate the incorporation of MMT organoclay regarding our purpose to fabricate hybrid nanocomposite materials based on matrix (polyester based) and inforcement (organic clay) through sonication. (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 4. (a) SEM images taken at different resolutions showing fine and pure MMTs. SEM images of MMT incorporated polyester at (b) 6 hours, (c) 9 hours and (d) 12 hours of ultra-sonication IV. CONCLUSIONS Regarding our aims and objectives, successful efforts were made to fabricate hybrid nanocomposite materials based on matrix (polyester based) and reinforcement (organic clay) through sonication. The desired nanocomposite hybrid materials were characterized by UV-visible, infra-red and SEM spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra, confirmed the incorporation of organoclay in the polymeric structure of polyester (the disappearance of Si-O characteristic peak justifies the fabrication of desired composite materials). The colored SEM images were used to verify the fine homogenous distribution of organoclay whereas black SEM images showed the matrix and reinforcement together. The UV-V polymer spectra are different from the ones of the hybrid nanocomposite materials and on organoclay reinforcement the absorbance got decreased and then increased on increasing concentration of the desired composite material. The column and radar graph show the absorbance variations against concentration. REFERENCES [1] F. Allhof, P. Lin, D. Moore, What is nanotechnology and why does it matter, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 [2] S. K. Prasad, Modern Concepts in Nanotechnology, Discovery Publishing House, 2008 [3] R. J. 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