Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4, 2018, 3121-3125 3121  
  

www.etasr.com Ajetrao & Dhande: Phi Shape UWB Antenna with Band Notch Characteristics 
 

Phi Shape UWB Antenna with Band Notch 
Characteristics 

 

K. V. Ajetrao 
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering  

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology 
Pune, Maharashtra, India 

kiran_ajetrao@rediffmail.com 

A. P. Dhande 
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication 

Pune Institute of Computer Technology 
Pune, Maharashtra, India 

apdhande@pict.edu 
 

 

Abstract—In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB 
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are 
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit 
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and 
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas 
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good 
agreement. 

Keywords-monopole; split ring resonator; band-notch; UWB 
antenna; VSWR 

I. INTRODUCTION  
For a wireless communication system, large bandwidth is 

an important requirement. Although UWB antenna gives large 
bandwidth of 7.7GHz (3.1GHz to 10.6GHz), it faces many 
challenges of interference with existing systems in UWB range. 
To avoid this interference with existing systems like WLAN, 
HIPPERLAN, WiMAX, C-band satellite communication etc., 
band notch antennas are nowadays becoming popular and 
necessary for communication. In this paper a novel band notch 
antenna is designed by merging a monopole antenna with a 
square or circular split ring resonator. This proposed antenna 
shape looks like the Greek letter Phi (φ) hence is named as split 
Phi shape square ring (SPSSR) antenna and split Phi shape 
circular ring (SPSCR) antenna. Both antennas give single band 
notch operation in UWB band. Monopole is designed at 3GHz. 
The parameters for the SPSSR antenna are designed, optimized 
and applied to the SPSCR antenna. It is found that both 
antennas give the same response hence the same design can be 
extended to any other shape as well. In proposed antennas, by 
varying the split gap of rings, band notch frequency can be 
tuned to the desired band. The length and width of split ring 
resonator gives inductance, and the gap between two rings and 
the slit gap of the rings gives the capacitance. The gap between 
the rings and the slit gap is optimized to give UWB antenna 
with notch band characteristics. At slit gap of 1.1mm the UWB 
operation in with band notch at 5.87 and 5.47GHz is achieved 
for SPSSR and SPSCR respectively. 

Many antennas with band-notch characteristics are 
reported. Band-notch characteristics are achieved by inserting 
different slots in the radiating patch [1-3]. In [4, 5] antennas 
with etching slots shapes such as H, M, W etc. slots in the 
ground plane are reported. A band notch antenna by etching a 

narrowband dual resonance fractal binary tree in the radiation 
element of the conventional UWB antenna is reported in [6], 
but the antenna manufacturing and structure are complex. The 
band-notched characteristics are obtained by adding a stepped 
impedance resonator (SIR) or a split ring resonator (SRR) on 
the feed line or cutting slots in the ground plane [7, 8]. A band-
notch antenna is designed by etching a nested CSRR inside the 
ground plane in [9]. 

Another technique to obtain band-notch characteristics is by 
adding the parasitic elements in the form of printed strips 
placed in the radiating aperture of the planar antenna at the top 
and bottom layer. They are employed to suppress the radiation 
at certain frequencies within an ultra-wide frequency band [10, 
11]. By inserting the U-shaped parasitic element on the bottom 
plane of the basic planar monopole antenna [12] or by using a 
pair of arc shaped parasitic elements around the patch, an 
excellent notched frequency band for rejecting the WLAN 
band (5-6GHz) can be obtained [13]. The electromagnetic 
coupling of the SRR with the CPW yields the frequency notch 
[14]. There are many more techniques used to obtain band-
notch operation in UWB range. The proposed antenna is simple 
to design and implement. By changing the slit gap of the 
antenna the desired band-notch frequency can be tuned. 
Additional varactor diode can be implemented with the antenna 
as a future scope to give variable capacitance and the same 
antenna can be used to tune different frequency bands. The 
proposed antenna was carefully fabricated and measured. The 
return loss, VSWR, and impedance are measured to certify the 
performance. Results show acceptable discrepancy between 
simulation and measurement due to the influence of the SMA 
connector for testing and the indoor measurement environment. 

II. PHI SHAPE UWB ANTENNA WITH BAND NOTCH 
CHARACTERISTICS  

Initially a monopole antenna at 3GHz frequency is 
designed. The height of monopole antenna will be λ/4. Heights 
of monopole antenna and ground plane dimensions are fixed by 
optimization. Designed square and circular shape split ring 
resonators are overlapped with monopole to form the proposed 
phi shape antennas. The proposed SPSSR and SPSCR antennas 
for band notch applications in UWB range are shown in Figure 
1. The length of the outer ring is 38mm and the ring width is 



  
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Vol. 8, No. 4, 20

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TABLE I.

SPSSR ant
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72mm
23mm

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1.1mm
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II. RESULTS
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ANTENNA DIMEN

tenna 
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S AND DISCUSS

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PSCR antenna 
dimensions 

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1.1mm 
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Vol. 8, No. 4, 20

ande: Phi Shap

Figure 6 show
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distribution for 
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Effect of slit g

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(a) 

(b) 

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SPSSR and SP
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PSCR antennas
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SR respectively.

 
d frequency. 

h V

Ajetrao & Dha
 

 

 

 

(a) for 
center 

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and
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[1]

[2]

[3]

Vol. 8, No. 4, 20

ande: Phi Shap

Fig. 8

Applications 
erference with
nd notch anten
reless commun
SSR antenna i
SCR antenna 
ing similar r
tern and gain.
equivalent cap

nd-notch cente
n be connecte
sired frequency
tch at WLAN 
nds are from 5
1GHz for SPS
WLAN and 

d WiMAX wil
e theoretical d
th antennas. S
reement with e

S. Tu, Y. C. Jia
antenna with B
In Electromagn

K. Chung, J.
Antenna Havin
and Wireless co

M. Naghshvari
Transmission L
3, pp. 283–293,

018, 3121-3125 

pe UWB Antenn

8.  Gain of SPS

Fig. 9.  Fab

IV. CO
of UWB anten

h existing syst
nnas are playi
nications in UW
is designed an
in UWB freq

response in te
. It is observe

apacitance incr
er frequency. A
ed between th
y. Both anten
and WiMAX

.1GHz to 6.28
SCR antenna.
WiMAX sys

ll be avoided 
design results
Simulated and
each other. 

REFER
ao, Y. Song, Z. Z

Band Notched fun
netics Research Le

Kim, J. Choi, 
ng Frequency Ba
omponents Letters

ian-Jahromi ,“Co
Line fed”, Progres
, 2008 

na with Band N

SSR and SPSCR 

 

bricated antennas.

ONCLUSIONS 

nnas find diffi
tems like WL
ing an import
WB range. In 
nd the same d
quency range.
erms of S11, 

ed that by incr
reases which in
As future wor
he slit gap in 
nnas are capab
X system frequ
8GHz for SPSS
 Both notch b

stems. Interfer
by using the p

s are verified 
d measured re

RENCES. 
Zhang, “A Novel M
nctions for UWB 
etters, Vol. 10, pp

“Wideband Mic
and-Notch Functi
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ompact UWB Ba
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3124  

Notch Character

antenna 

 
. 

ficulties in avo
LAN and WiM
tant role in to
this paper, a n

design is appli
. Both design
VSWR, radi

reasing the sli
n turn increase
rk, a varactor d

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andnotch Antenna
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MAX. 
day’s 
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band 

notch 
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vering 
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good 

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rogress 

nopole 
rowave 
005 

a with 
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Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4, 2018, 3121-3125 3125  
  

www.etasr.com Ajetrao & Dhande: Phi Shape UWB Antenna with Band Notch Characteristics 
 

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