227 EEJ 7 (3) (2017) English Education Journal http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/eej Shift and Equivalence of Noun Phrases in English-Indonesian Translation of Barbie Short Stories Sri Nikmatu Rupiah 1, Rudi Hartono 2 1 Nasima Elementary School Semarang 2 Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info Article History: Recived 10 August 2017 Accepted 20 October 2017 Published 01 December 2017 Keywords: shift, equivalence, noun phrase, short stories Abstract Process of translating noun phrases from English into Indonesian causes a translator has a difficulty in determining structure of noun phrase in target language because of the different structure between both languages. This reason caused translation shifts and equivalence occur to get the appropriate meaning. Shift according to Catford is regarded as the change of formal structure of the source language into target language (cited in Venuti, 2000) while Nida regards the concept of equivalence as best translation which does not sound like translation (cited in Venuti, 2000). Most of researcher conducted shift and equivalence on Indonesian noun phrase into English translation. This study is about shift and equivalence of noun phrases in English-Indonesian translation of Barbie short stories. Therefore, there are types of equivalence and two translation shifts that must be enalyzed, namely level shift, and category shift and its sub categories; structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra system shift. To obtain the data, this study applied descriptive qualitative approach. The data which have been gathered were described and suited with the aim of this study. The findings map out the high use of translation shift than equivalence applied. The use of translation shift makes the translation of noun phrases more naturally and acceptable. The use of category shift, i.e. structural shift was the highest step in process of translating Barbie short stories. While the highest equivalence occurs on textual equivalence where there was equivalence structuring of a text. This study provided suggestions regarding to the implications of this study. For English language learners, they have to learn translation shift in order to understand message from target language properly. Relating to the equivalence, form and meaning were frequently not fully equivalent, but one should be noticed that forms may change but meaning must not change. In dynamic equivalence, although the form was different, but the meaning was the same. © 2017 Universitas Negeri Semarang Correspondence Address: Jl. Puspanjolo Selatan No.53, Semarang E-mail: s.nikmatur.piah@gmail.com p-ISSN 2087-0108 e-ISSN 2502-4566 Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 228 INTRODUCTION Translation involves two different languages with different cultural backgrounds. English and Indonesian belong to two different languages. They have own vocabulary and structure, even some Indonesian words are adopted from English words. Aoudi (2001) argued that a language is a group of vocabulary, terms, and structures in which a language differs from another. In transferring information from English to Indonesian needs the role of translators. They should be clear enough in conveying message to the readers. So, it needs a special skill to make the result of translation becomes natural and easy to understand. But, the question now is how to replace a written message and statement in another language naturally. It means to have a good quality translation must convey the message of the source language wants. Since, translated text can differ from the original at any linguistic level, lexical, syntactic, discourse, and still be considered perfectly acceptable. The departures from theoretical formal correspondence between source and target language units for the sake of textual equivalence are denominated translation shifts. It is one of the key concepts in translation theory. Apart from the obvious transformations necessary for grammatical well-formed, it is common practice in translation to introduce optional changes to the way information is presented in the source text. Although such changes are not strictly necessary, they are part and parcel of Human Translation, as professional translators are expected to adapt the original to the norms and conventions of target language use depending on the text genre, text type, register, means of communication, etc. Translator often has difficulties which causes by differences of language system between source language and target language in finding equivalence. Translation procedure will be needed to use in translation process. Translation procedure is used in translation process in the level of sentences, clauses, phrases, and words in a text. Instead, in reading a book, novel or other source of data, noun phrases are always existed as part of the clauses, but many readers are confused in differentiating the word order in head worh of English and Indonesian noun phrases. This is because English and Indonesian head words are different where the English head word is head-final position, while Indonesian noun phrase, the head word is head-initial position. So, the translator can adapt the changes of grammatical and meaning in the target language. Grammatical differences found in source language and target language leads to a shift of clause, phrase, and words order. That shift is called translation shift, that expressed by Catford (cited in Venuti, 2000). Technically, a translator has to know the equivalence and the shift of meaning in translating the source language to the target one. Translation peers always encounter different changes in equivalence within different language levels ranging from physical forms into meaning. Bell (1991) defines the phenomenon as “the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.” Baker (1997) defined equivalence as the relationship between a source text (ST) and a target text (TT) that has allowed the TT to be considered as a translation of the ST in the first place. According to the experts‟ statement above, equivalence is the important element in the process of translation. Catford further pointed out that “the central problem of translation practice is that of finding TL equivalents, a central task of translation theory is that of defining the nature and conditions of translation equivalence” (Snell – Hornby, 1988). To get the equivalence one of the ways is to do shift which known as the theory of Catford. Therefore, the writer wants to know how the translator did the shift in the sentence to achieve the equivalence. In this analysis the writer find out the sentences which occur the shift in translation text. The writer describes whether this shift affects the meaning intended by the author of the source language text and the writer also will examine them by the theory of equivalence by Nida i.e there are two different types of equivalence, they are formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence (Hatim Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 229 and Munday, 2004).There were several studies about equivalence and shift. Mujiyanto (2011) observed the existence of formal nonequivalence appears in the translation of behavioral clauses and the way to achieve functional equivalence through the presence of formal nonequivalence. This study investigated a written text in English and its translation in Indonesian. The result revealed that formal nonequivalence may occur in word phrase, and clause levels. The effort of achieving functional equivalence at clause level was facilitated such formal equivalence by maintaining behavioral clauses or restructuring them. This study only investigated the the omission and addition about English-German differences in terms of lexis, syntax, and communicative norms in business texts from the annual reports of international companies published between 1993 and 2002. Furthermore, Ambarsih (2013) investigated translation shift verbs and verb phrase, and to describe translation shift verbs and verb phrase found on The Amazing Spiderman movie which is translated into Indonesian. In collecting data, the writer uses documentation by coding and selecting English sentences containing verb and verb phrases in The Amazing Spiderman 4 Movie scripts. From the data analysis, the researcher finds two translation shifts, namely: category shift and level shift. In translating western movie, not all aspects of western culture are acceptable in Indonesian. So, in translating movie or other reading books, the translators have to manipulate the text for it to be acceptable by the target readers. This study has been investigated by Yuliasri (2016), she observed the cencorship through the translation techniques used by the translator in translating the English humorous texts in theWalt Disney‟s Donald Duck comics into Indonesian and the reason underlying the translator‟s choice of the translation techniques. It also aims at analysing whether or not the choice of the translation techniques affects the rendering of meaning, maintenance of humour, and acceptability of the translation. The finding revealed that the translators performed censorship through the dominant use of reduction and generalisation techniques so as to reduce sarcasm and insults. The study noticed that the proper technique used in translating source language has big role in creating natural and acceptable text to the readers. By choosing the right method is also the best way to achieve translation result from English into Indonesian language that would be more natural and accepted in the target language users. It has been investigated by Hartono (2014), he applied Grammar Translation Method (GTM) and the result regarded that GTM could improve students‟ translation products of narrative texts from English into Indonesia. Another study which focused in getting the way to achieve natural and acceptable target text is conducted by Becher (2011) who studied the phenomenon of additions and omissions connector (such as the adverbial phrase, do or particles that provide semantic role discourse, sentences or clauses) consider as a shift in translation. His data is bidirectional parallel corpus includes English and German translation of business texts from the annual reports of international companies published between 1993 and 2002. He analyzed the additional belt and the omission of linguistic perspective focuses on the shift in translation and applying close reading approach. He found that many shifts caused pointy previously recognized English- German differences in terms of lexis, syntax and communicative norms. Becher explained that the translator adds and removes a liaison for the following five reasons: (1) the agreement with certain limitations of the system of the target language, (2) the use of the detailed features of the system of the target language, (3) the force means marked expression, (4) The adjustment of cohesion the target text, (5) the realization of communicative norms of the target language community. A phrase is a group of words which has no subject (Tallerman, 1998). It means that every group of words or combination of words, which are grammatically similar to word and do not have its own subject is called phrase. There are some phrases, which are Noun Phrase (NP) Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 230 for example, very bright sunflowers is headed by a noun; Verb Phrase (VP) for example, overflowed quite quickly is headed by a verb; very bright is an Adjective Phrase (AP); quite quickly is an Adverb Phrase (AdvP); and inside the house is a preposition Phrase (PP) headed by the preposition inside. But in this research, the writer focuses on the noun phrase. Noun phrase can be identified by the determiners the, a, and an. Noun phrase consists of four constituents, those are the head, the determiner, pre modifier, and post-modifier. In a sentence, a noun phrase can have function as subject, object, and complement. The noun phrase is essential part of every sentence. Noun phrase is constructed from words a noun and a phrase. Some of experts give the similar definition of noun phrase. Brown and Miller state that noun phrase is noun phrase which are traditionally thought of consisting minimally of a head noun, together with any number of noun phrases modifier, they are determiners, quantifiers, and quantifiers phrases, adjective and adjective phrases, noun and noun phrases, adverb position and adverb position phrases and clause. Based on the phenomenon above, the researcher interested to conduct a research by investigating translation shift in children‟s reading book which needed to be explored further. In fact, as change meaning from SL to TL, translation of reading book is also influenced by aspects in rendering meaning including equivalence. Both shift and equivalence are used to show the result of translation in delivering meaning. Through the study of both shift and equivalence, we are able to get a clearer insight of translation shift is constructed and how the meaning is equivalence. In order to make, young readers can read easily and catch the meaning properly because translating for children, requires special considerations. The professional translators believe that two things are so valuable in translation especially for children translation; they are message and style (Dorri, 2015). To make it sensible, the translation should be as comprehensive. It causes the researcher to carry out the present research which is believed that shift plays an important and remarkable role in translation of children text. Translating children‟s books is really a complex process because through the process of translating texts, the translators constantly struggle with making decision on whether to translate text literally and stay as close as possible the original texts, or follow the spirit of the texts and convey the meaning of the texts according to the needs of the target readers. Munday (2001) said that “translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life.” The first of these two senses relates to translation as a process, the second to the product. The first sense focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text (ST) and turning it into a text in another language (the target text, TT). The second sense centers on the concrete translation the product produced by the translator. Machali (2000) noted that “translation as an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another”. Larson (1998) stated that “translation is basically a change of form. In translation, the form of the source language is replaced by the form of receptor (target) language”. Larson (1998) divided translation into two types, namely Form-based translation and Meaning-based translation. Translation based forms, it tends to follow the form of the source language is known as the literal translation, while meaning based translation tends to communicate the meaning from the source language text in the target language naturally. This translation is known as idiomatic translation. The division types of translation theory based on Larson has the same shifts with theory from Catford. He develops Form Based Translation becomes category shifts into four types, namely: 1. Structural shifts 2. Class shifts 3. Unit shifts 4. Intra-System shifts Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 231 Similarly, Catford (as cited in Hatim and Munday, 2004) said that „shifts‟, is departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL. There are two major types of „shift‟: level shifts and category shifts: 1) Level shift is SL item at one linguistic level has a TL translation equivalent at a different level. 2) Category shift is a departure from formal correspondence in translation. Category shift occurs if the source language (SL) has different forms from the target language (TL). So category shifts are: 2.1) Structure shift is to be the most common form of shift and involve mostly a shift in grammatical structure. 2.2) Class shift occurs when the translation equivalent of SL item is a member of a different class from the original item. 2.3) Unit-shift means change of rank – that is, departures from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL, is a unit at a different rank in the TL”. 2.4) Intra-system shift is a departure from formal correspondence in which (a term operating in) one system in the SL has as its translation equivalent (a term operating in) a different – non-corresponding-system in the TL. Furthermore, Vinay and Darbelnet (as cited in Munday, 2001) stated that “equivalence refers to cases where languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means”. Catford (as cited in Hatim and Munday, 2004) wrote texts in different languages can be equivalent in different degrees (fully or partially equivalent), in respect of different levels of presentation (equivalent in respect of context, of semantics, of grammar, of lexis, etc), and at different ranks (word-for-word, phrase-for-phrase, sentence-for-sentence). Baker (1998) used the notion of equivalence for the sake of convenience because most translators use it rather than because it has any theoretical statements. Thus equivalence is variously regarded as a necessary condition for translations, an obstacle to a progress in translation studies, or a useful category for describing translation. She also added that proponent of equivalence as the relationship between a source text (ST) and a target text (TT). That‟s allowed the TT to be considered as a translation of the ST in the first place. METHODS This research employed a descriptive qualitative research. It was to find the Shift and Equivalence of Noun Phrases in English- Indonesian Translation of Barbie Short Stories. The data in this study were written data as the main data source. The data were the written stories in English and its Indonesian translation in Barbie reading book. In this study, the data were taken from five stories from Barbie story book i.e. The Pearl Princess, A Mermaid Tale, Princess Charm School, Princess Popstar, Screet Door and their translation, entitled Putri Mutiara yang Cantik, Putri Peselancar, Sekolah Pesona Putri, Kekuatan Bintang, Teman-Teman Ajaib. The unit of analysis was the English noun phrases with Indonesian translation, and then analyze step the text step by step, by means that each sentence is checked by comparing the Indonesian and English equivalents. The data was analyzed based on each subsystem of translation shift and equivalence. In collecting the data, there were transcribing the stories taken from Barbie reading book, selecting or categorizing the data based on noun phrase classification where the noun phrases of the source language and the target language are put together side by side in a list then give number of line to each data, categorizing noun phrases, and the next step is analyzing the use of translation shift according to Catford (cited in Venuti, 2000) and equivalence as cited by Popovic and Nida in Bassnet (2002) in Englsih noun phrases to Indonesia translation. RESULT AND DISCUSSION In this part, this research informs the findings resulted from translation shift and Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 232 equivalence in English noun phrases and their Indonesian translations in Barbie short stories. the translation can be divided into three types: (1) translation intralingua or rewording, the interpretation of verbal signs by using Another sign of the same language; (2) interlingua translation or translation proper, is an interpretation of verbal signs by using language (language) other; and (3) intersemiotic translation or transmutation, namely `interpretation verbal sign with a sign in the system of non-verbal signs (Jakobson in Venuti, 2000). Type the first translation or intralingua, it is regarding the process interpret verbal signs with other signs in the same language. In the second type of translation (interlingua translation) is not only a match or compare symbol, but also the equivalent of two symbols and layout rules or in other words, knowing the meaning of the whole speech. The third type of translation that transmutation, regarding the transfer of a message from a kind of symbol system into another system of symbols. While Larson (1998) divided translation into two types, namely Form-based translation and Meaning-based translation. Translation based forms, it tends to follow the form of the source language is known as the literal translation, while meaning based translation tends to communicate the meaning from the source language text in the target language naturally. This translation is known as idiomatic translation. The division types of translation theory based on Larson has the same shifts with theory from Catford. He develops Form Based Translation becomes category shifts into four types, namely: 1. Structural shifts 2. Class shifts 3. Unit shifts 4. Intra-System shifts Relate to the equivalence matter as a keyword, Catford (cited in Munday, 2001) defines translation as replacement of source language text to equivalent text in the target language. “the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) and the term equivalent is a clearly a key term”. Although it is very rarely, the equivalent in a word from source language to the target language, but it can have function as equivalently when it is interchangeable. Based on the definitions of translation above, there is an agreement that translation is a process that involves relationship between two or Multilanguage which it emphasizes a similarity. It is called as equivalence. The finding of translation shift and equivalence is summarized in the following table. Table 1. Distribution of Shift Based on table, the process of noun phrases translation from English into Indonesian translation is categorized into level shift, structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra system shift. The result shows that the total number of noun phrases in the Barbie short stories is 213 shift. The dominant shift is structure shift. the translation shift (catford cited in munday, 2001) is revealed in sub categories into level shift, and category shift which is subcategorized into 1) level shift in np is translated into noun, np is translated into verb, np is translated into adverb, np is translated into clause2) structure shift in word order, omission, and addition, 3) unit shift in upward rank, 4) class shift in adjective is translated into verb, noun is translated into verb, , and 3) intra system shift in sl plural is translated into singular. C a te g o r y Text 1 Text 2 Text 3 Text 4 Text 5 f % f % f % f % f % L e v e l S h if t 11 24 13 32 13 29 16 35 7 20 S tr u c tu r e sh if t 25 60 23 62 29 64 28 55 20 62 C la ss S h if t 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U n it sh if t 5 7 3 4 1 2 2 4 3 9 In tr a S y st e m sh if t 1 4 1 2 2 5 5 8 4 9 T o ta l 45 100 40 100 45 100 51 100 34 100 Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 233 The first analysis is level shift, the finding shows that this shift also often occurs in translating English noun phrases into Indonesian translation. There were five kinds of translation shift that can be classified into level shift according to the finding, i.e. noun phrase is translated into noun, noun phrase is translated into verb, noun phrase is translated into adverb, and noun phrase is translated into clause. The changes of noun phrase into several units doesn‟t change the meaning delivered from source language. The second shift is structure shift, the result revealed that there were three kind of word order in structure shift, namely noun phrase is translated into noun phrase with conjunction yang, noun phrase modifier+head is translated into head+modifier, noun phrase head+modifier is translated into noun phrase head+modifier, the rest of structure shifts are addition, and omission. Word order is the dominant shift which occurs in the whole texts. Bell (1993) wrote that there is no exact linguistic system between two languages. Languages are different from each other; they are different in form having distinct codes and rules regulating the construction of grammatical stretches of language and these forms have different meaning. It is included the linguistic system between English as the source text and Indonesian as the target language which is different. In translating the noun phrase, the different arrangement of word order in target language has to be done in order to follow the linguistic system. The structure shift is an obligatory shift to do for the sake of successful meaning transference. The meaning will distort if the structure shift is not done. The later analysis is class shift. The use of class shift is less than structure shift. There were adverb in noun phrase is translated into noun, noun in noun phrase is translated into verb, and adjective in noun phrase is translated into verb. By applying class shift, the translator preserved the original class of the source text in the target text which doesn‟t influence the meaning transference to the target reader. For the sake of acceptability to the target reader and the accuracy of the meaning, the class shift should be done. Instead of obligatory shift, it is an optional shift to change the class of the source text in the target language. Class shift should be done when it is impossible to preserve the class of the source text in the target text. It will influence the meaning transference when the original class is preserved. On the other hand, the optional shift possible to be or not to be done. The next shift analysis is unit shift through comparing and examining both the source text and target text, the writer collected and classified the data where some of units in source text are shifted to different unit in target text. The writer only found the use of upward rank shift. The classification of the language unit is classified from the smallest into the broadest one. The unit of the language are morpheme, word, phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph, and text. The shift of the unit may lost the meaning of the source text. The example is “a pink sea horse” (story 1 no.13). The phrase is translated into “kuda laut meraj jambu” where word unit “pink” is translated into “merah jambu”. The unit shift is from the small unit, word, into the broad unit. This upward shift consequences in the gain or add meaning. The meaning of “a pink sea horse” in the source text is transferred fully in the target text. The target reader catch the information about “pink” / “merah jambu”. The last shift is intra system shift. A system is meant the closed number of elements among which a choice must be made. In fact, the terms available in each system in one language can show fundamental differences from the terms of the same system in another language. This can be considered as a major source of shifts at this level of language description. In other words, intra-system shifts refer to those changes that occur internally within a system. They are regarded only on the assumption that is formal correspondence between the two languages, i.e. ST -TT should possess approximate systems. The equivalence is said to occur at a non - corresponding term in the TL system. All languages have their systems of number, deixis, Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 234 articles, etc. intra-system shifts happen when a term is singular in the source text and its textual equivalent is plural. The data only consists of a term plural in source language is translated into singular in target language. The example can be identified in the noun phrase of the source text “magical powers” (story 1 no.3). The phrase is translated into “kekuatan ajaib” in the target text. The morpheme –s in the word “powers” is a plural marker. The plural marker of Bahasa Indonesia is by repeating the word twice. The corresponding system of “powers” is “kekuatan- kekuatan”. Although the plural marker is by repeating the word twice in Bahasa Indonesia, it is not realized in the target text. Intra system unit is done to consider the acceptability of the source text in the target text. Although the source text has its corresponding system in the target text, the corresponding system is not used. Another option is done to maintain the meaning of source text in the target text. After analyzing shift, the writer revealed the equivalence used in translation the short stories. The finding shows that in translating noun phrase from English to Indonesian translation only informs 128 equivalences which involving textual equivalence, linguistic equivalence, and dynamic equivalence according to Popovic and Nida (cited in Bassnet, 2004). The distribution is displayed in the following table. Table 2. Equivalence revealed in the Indonesian Translation of English Noun Phrase Based on the table above, textual and linguistic equivalence spread out in the whole texts, while dynamic equivalence just existed in story 1, story2, and story 3. Textual equivalence is revealed in its sub categories, namely SL subject-NP is translated into TL subject-NP in whole texts, SL predicate-NP is translated into TL predicate-NP in text 1, and SL object-NP is translated into TL object-NP in the whole texts with the highest percentage of all. For example sentence no. 3 in story 1, the noun phrase “the mermaid princess” is translated into “sang putri duyung”, and both source and target texts has function as subject. Therefore, it can be concluded that this is Textual equivalence, because they have the same function as a subject in a sentence above. There is equivalence in a subject of the sentence, i.e. equivalence of form and shape. It is match with Catford‟ theory which proposed a textual equivalence occurs when the form of the TL is being translated is equivalence of a given SL form (cited in Munday, 2001). In addition, textual equivalence is similar to idiomatic translation which serves the sense of communicability, readability, as well as intelligibility in the TL after being translated from the SL, by which it will be possible to translate parts of the sentence in the SL which do not have exact equivalence in the TL. In term of linguistic equivalence also revealed in all stories, where the equivalence of SL plural-NP is translated into TL plural-NP is existed in story 1 till story 5, later for SL singular-NP is translated into TL singular-NP in three stories, i.e. story 1, story 2, and story 3. Therefore, this is Linguistic equivalence, because there is homogeneity on the linguistic level of both SL and TL texts. It can be concluded that they have same linguistic level which is plurality in countable words, so that SL plural noun phrase is translated into TL plural noun phrase. Furthermore, dynamic equivalence is revealed in story 1, story 2, and story. Dynamic Equivalence is the relation between receptor and message should substantially the same as that which existed between original receptor and the message. Therefore, there is dynamic C a te g o ry Number of Data Text 1 Text 2 Text 3 Text 4 Text 5 f % f % f % f % f % Textual Equivalenc e 17 80 1 2 75 15 79 19 73 19 83 Linguistic Equivalenc e 2 10 3 19 3 16 7 27 4 17 Dynamic Equivalenc e 2 10 1 6 1 5 0 0 0 0 Total 21 10 0 1 6 100 18 100 26 100 23 100 Sri Nikmatu Rupiah & Rudi Hartono / EEJ 7 (3) (2017) 235 equivalence, although the form of source language is changed in the target language, the meaning transferred is the same. The amount of dynamic equivalence is less than textual and linguistic equivalence. This finding shows that the translator put bigger attention on form, shape, and linguistic level than the meaning. CONCLUSION Shift should be considered as the consequence of the translators‟ effort to establish translation naturalness between two different languages, SL and TL. The occurrence of shift reflects the translator‟s awareness of the linguistic and non-linguistic discrepancies between SL and TL. In this sense, shift can be defined as problem solving strategies adapted consciously to minimize the inevitable loss of meaning when rendering a text from one language into another language. In this research, the relation between translation and the noun phrases is every text in the translation consists of the sentence and in sentence there are clause and phrase, both English and Indonesian translation. From some sentences, we can know the noun phrase. Therefore, the translator makes the equivalence and shift in the Indonesian translation of English noun phrases in order to help readers to understand the sentences in the translation by identifying word order and its marker in noun phrases. Equivalence is not same. Form and meaning are frequently not fully equivalent, forms may change but meaning must not change. There are textual, linguistic, and dynamic equivalence as the result of equivalence in this research. Form and meaning are frequently not fully equivalent, but one should notice that forms may change but meaning must not change. In dynamic equivalence, although the form is different, but one thing is important, which is the meaning is not different. In this research, the relation between translation and the noun phrases in every text in the translation consists of the sentence and in sentence there are clause and phrase, both English and Indonesian translation. From some sentences, we can know the noun phrase. Therefore, the writer makes the equivalence and shift in the English translation of Indonesian noun phrases in order to help readers to understand the sentences in the translation by identifying word order and its marker in noun phrases. The writer also concludes that there are two main categories which are equivalence and shift, each category are subcategorized. The equivalent category is subcategorized into: 1) Textual equivalence is divided into three sub- categories which are SL subject-NP in a sentence is translated into TL subject-NP, SL predicate- NP in a sentence is translated into TL predicate- NP, SL object-NP in a sentence is translated into TL object-NP, 2) Linguistic Equivalence is divided into two sub-categories which are; SL plural-NP is translated into TL plural-NP, SL singular-NP is translated into TL singular-NP, and 3) Dynamic Equivalence. And the shift category is sub categorized into 1) Structure shift in word order which is SL head word initial is translated into TL head word final, 2) Unit Shift is divided into three sub-categories which are SL phrase is translated into TL word, SL phrase is translated into TL three words (upward), and 3) Intra System Shift which is SL phrases have no determiner is translated into TL phrases may have a determiner. The result shows that the shifts occur more often than the equivalence. 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