EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 English Education Journal http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/eej Semantic Shift in The English - Indonesian Translation of Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info ________________ Article History: Accepted 15 February 2018 Approved 21 April 2018 Published 20 June 2018 ________________ Keywords: Semantic Shift, Translation, What Happened to Goodbye Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ Shift or transposition is termed as shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language. Translation shift is termed involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the message. Therefore this study is carried out in order to find out the kinds of semantic shift and to assess the quality of English – Indonesian translation of Dessen's What Happened to Goodbye. The object of this study is English - Indonesian semantic shift translation of Dessen's What Happened to Goodbye. The result of the analysis shows that there are 395 semantic shift found in Dessen's What Happened to Goodbye. The first type of shift / the change from Singular to Plural and the position of Adjective with 19 data, the second type of shift / in SL Grammatical Structure not exist in TL with 139 data, the third type of shift / the grammatically possible not accord with natural usage in the TL dominates in 197 data and the fourth type of shift / the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure with 85 data. The analysis on the translation quality shows that 108 translations are considered as accurate, and 287 translations are considered as less accurate. In clarity level, 176 translations are belong to clear and 219 translations are belong to unclear. Naturalness level shows that 246 translations are categorized as very natural, and 149 translations are categorized as sufficient natural. © 2018 Semarang State University Correspondence Address: Kampus Pascasarjana Jl Kelud Utara III,Sampangan Semarang, Indonesia E-mail: shadamhhp@yahoo.co.id p-ISSN 2087-0108 e-ISSN 2502-4566 Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 196 INTRODUCTION The importance of language is marked by the function of language itself which is considered as the main tool to build the meaningful communication among people. In such a communication, people can share their feelings, ideas, and also knowledge. Hence, since communication is a kind of a crucial activity which is done by people in every single time and place, language is then considered as an important aspect in people‟s life. Moreover, According to Catford (1965:73), a shift is the departure from formal correspondence in the process of going from the source language to the target language. It represents some changes occurring in a translation process. The element of the target language commensurate with the source language is always used by the translator in order to express the same message in the target text. Since every language has its own rules, differences in these rules will cause a shift. Consequently, it is worth noting that discussing about language cannot be separated from discussing about the translation since every use of language carries a semantic shift. Relating to the fact that has been broadly explained above, shift or transposition is termed by Catford (1965) as shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language Newmark (1987:35). Translation shift is termed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) called transposition involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the message. Therefore, from that statement, it can be concluded that operating the language in social life means constructing the semantic shift in translation. In this world, there are a number of languages which exist and are used by people, because people who live in one place will use a different language from those who live in another place. From that fact, it can be understood that every language has remarkably a different system influenced by various aspects existed in that particular place. As a result, since one language has different systems from others, it will be very difficult for those who want to communicate in form of both written and spoken language with the audience coming from the different places while they only master the language from where they come. Because of this case, the main purpose of communication cannot be reached. In this phenomenon, there should be such a medium which can be used to transfer the message from one different language into another; this medium is called as translation. Catford (1978) states that “translation is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another” (p. 1). Therefore, since translation is considered as a medium which can transfer the message from one language into another language, translation is then employed in various texts of the whole fields in people‟s life, including religious, literary, scientific, philosophical text and so forth in order to make them available to be read by more people in this world. However, translating is not an easy task since every language has its own rules in phonetic, structure, and word so that in order to achieve equivalence, there are some techniques should be involved (Budiana, Sutopo and Rukmini, 2017: 1). Furthermore, from all kinds of text mentioned above, translating the literary work is more challenging than the others. It is because of translating a literary work, such as novel, short story, drama script, poetry, and so on, requires the translators to involve all of their ideologies in the translation process since literary work text is considered as low risk text. Given that consideration, a creative translator is more needed in this kind of text. In this text, the translator is deliberately allowed to choose the most equivalent meaning with the source text without any dangerous effect toward the readers of the translation product such as translating the holy book of such a religion or translating science text which may affect the readers‟ perception whenever the mistake occurs. Hence, translating high risk text such as holy book and science text is easier since it very Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 197 much relies on the source text rather than the low risk text. Regarding the case mentioned above, it can be assumed that translating a literary work, such as novel, is not easy. Hartono (2009) emphasizes that translating a novel seems difficult to do. It is not as easy as to translate the academic texts (p. 33). There will be some problems that should be overcome by the translator. The problem may occur in translating culture-specific concepts, the source- language concept which is not lexicalized in the target language, the source-language word which is semantically complex, the source and target languages which make different distinctions in meaning, the target language which lacks a superordinate, the target language which lacks specific term (hyponym), differences in physical or interpersonal perspective, differences in expressive meaning, differences in form, differences in frequency and purpose of using specific forms, the use of loan words in the source text (Baker, 2001: 21- 25). Those problems are possible to make the translator difficult to render the equivalent meaning from the source text (henceforth abbreviated as ST) into the target text (henceforth abbreviated as TT). Moreover, the main problem of translation is finding out the equivalence (Larson, 1984). In relation to this statement, Nida (1969:12) in Hartono (2011) defines that translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. However, a translator who is concerned with transferring the meaning fond that the receptor language has a way in which the desired meaning can be expressed, even though it may be very different from the source language form (Ruth, 2000). The communication of the meaning of the source- language text is by means of an equivalent target-language text stated by Larson (1998) in Purwanti and Mujiyanto (2015), so translation consists of language and culture. Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Newmark, 1988: 5). This definition prioritizes meaning as the main center for translation. It is basically the implicit meaning of the cultural elements that need to be understood and conveyed by the translator according to the author's intent in the source text (Hartono, 2013). Based on the shifting of structure concept, there is a basic technique to solve the problem in shifting of the translation, that is translation shift, the replacement of one grammatical unit by another (Newmark, 1981:31). For example: A pair of trousers translated into sebuah celana. Here there is transposition that a change happens from plural noun into singular noun. Semantic translation is more flexible than faithful translation. Faithful translation is more rigid and does not compromise to the principle of target language (TT) or more bound by language resources, while the semantic translation is more flexible in the target language (Newmark, 1988: 46; Machali, 2000: 52). It has been mentioned above that translating a literary text is not easy. Further, some kinds of problem explained above, one of the problems that may often occur in the process of translating is when target language has different form the source language. From some examples above, it can be seen that semantic shift occurs in English – Indonesian translation Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye. The types of semantic shift and translation quality are also important to discuss too since the message would be appropriate in the target language. Based on this crucial problem, this study is aimed to analyse the translation product focusing on the identifying of the types of semantic shift from Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye into the What Happened to Goodbye by Susan and translation quality of semantic shift. METHODS This study belonged to descriptive qualitative study. The aim of this study was to explain the kinds of semantic shifts embedded Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 198 in Sarah Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye to explain what types of semantic shift is rendered into Indonesian and the translation quality. The unit of analysis could be in the form of sentence and prhase. Four types are the first type of shift (The change from Singular to Plural and the position of Adjective); the second type of shift (in SL Grammatical Structure does not exist in TL); the third type of shift (the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the TL) and the fourth type of shift (the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure). The instrument used to analyze the data was classification sheet. The data were gathered through reading the novel for three times both the novel and its translation, identifying the kinds of shift in form of sentence and phrase. After the data were gathered, I used the questionnaire is used to get the response of the readers, related to quality of semantic shift translation, which are accuracy, acceptability and readability rating instrument to determine the degree of semantic shift translation quality. The analysis of the data based on the description of the linguistic features, interpretation of the types of semantic shift and translation quality being embedded. The analysed data were further reduced and concluded as the use of note taking, questionaire and in-depth interviews the data. The last step was triangulating the data in order to make the result of the data valid. I used the investigation triangulation to referred the result of the data based on the theories by experts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Shift or transposition is termed by Catford (1965) as shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language Newmark (1987:35). Translation shift is termed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) called transposition involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the message. Shift or transposition is termed as shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language. Translation shift is termed involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the message. This study carried out in order to find out the kinds of semantic shift are found in English – Indonesian Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye. This study assesses the quality of English – Indonesian translation of semantic shift in Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye. This study was a descriptive qualitative research. The object of this study is English - Indonesian pun translation of Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye. The quality assessment of this study is obtained from the respondents. The respondents are divided into two, they are expert rates (the lecturers) and target readers (the teenager). In the analysis of semantic shift in the What Happened to Goodbye, from the results of analysis, the writer found the first type of shift (adjective + noun – noun + adjective); the second type of shift; the third type of shift (noun + adjective – noun + clause; adjective + noun – noun + noun) and the fourth type of shift (the replacement of a verbal lexical gap in Bahasa Indonesia). The analyses on the translation quality are considered as accurate and less accurate. In clarity level are considered as clear and unclear. Naturalness level are considered as very natural and sufficient natural. The result showed there are 395 data type of shift found in Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye. Those 19 data the first type of shift in form of sentences and phrases which are considered as semantic shift. Moreover, from those data, 139 data the second type of shift in form of sentences and phrases which are considered as semantic shift. On the other hand, 197 data the third type of shift in form of sentences and phrases which are considered as semantic shift and 85 data the fourth type of shift in form of sentences which is considered as semantic shift. Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 199 The semantic shift was embedded on the novel, 19 data the first type of shift in form of sentences and phrases which are considered as semantic shift. These following examples were the samples of the first type of shift. It is an obligatory transposition and automatic, is caused by the grammatical structure of the target language. It offers the translator no choice and must make the equivalence in the TL text. The example of first shift used in this novel can be seen below: Sample 1 SL: Be a good son. TL: Jadi anak (yang) baik. BT: Be a good soon. In sample 1, the word be a good son here there is translation shift that a change happens from adjective – noun in English into noun – adjective in Bahasa Indonesia. Good son translated into Bahasa Indonesia anak (yang) baik. So that, the translation above is categorized as the first type of shift. Sample 2 SL: You‟re one awesome girl. TL: Kau adalah gadis (yang) luar biasa. BT: You‟re awesome girl. In sample 2, the word awesome girl here there is translation shift that a change happens from adjective – noun in English into noun – adjective in Bahasa Indonesia. Awesome girl translated into Bahasa Indonesia anak (yang) luar biasa. So that, the translation above is categorized as types of the first type of shift. The semantic shift was embedded on the novel, 139 data the second type of shift in form of sentences and phrases which are considered as semantic shift. The shift needful when grammatical structure in Source Language does not exist in the Target Language. The example of second shift used in this novel can be seen below: Sample 3 SL: Our neighbours‟ house. TL: Rumah tetangga kami. BT: Our neighbours‟ house. The word our neighbours‟ house, here there is translation shift that In Bahasa Indonesia (TL) the object is in front of the sentence, but in English (SL), it is the last. Our neighbours‟ house translated into Bahasa Indonesia Rumah tetangga kami. So that, the translation above is categorized as the second type of shift. Sample 4 SL: I eased the curtain open. TL: Tirainya aku buka perlahan. BT: The curtain I open eased. The word I eased the curtain open, here there is translation shift that In Bahasa Indonesia (TL) the object is in front of the sentence, but in English (SL), it is the last. I eased the curtain open translated into Bahasa Indonesia Tirainya aku buka perlahan. So that, the translation above is categorized as the second type of shift. The semantic shift were embedded on the novel, on the other hand, 197 data the third type of shift in form of sentences and phrases which are considered as semantic shift. It is one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the target language text. Sample 5 SL: Hands down. TL: Dan itu tak perlu ditanyakan lagi. BT: And it‟s no more question. In sample 5, the word Hands down, here there is translation shift that In English (SL), noun or noun phrase becomes verbal in Bahasa Indonesia (TL). Hands down translated into Bahasa Indonesia dan itu tak perlu ditanyakan lagi. Actually the word “hands down” to translate in literal translation is “tangan dibawah”, but it is unnatural usage or informal into the TL, so it becomes “dan itu tak perlu Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 200 ditanyakan lagi”. The translation above is categorized as the third type of shift. Sample 6 SL: But if I did the math. TL: Tapi kalau ku pikir-pikir. BT: But if I did the thinking. In sample 6, the word But if I did the math, here there is translation shift that In English (SL), noun or noun phrase becomes verbal in Bahasa Indonesia (TL). But if I did the math translated into Bahasa Indonesia Tapi kalau ku pikir-pikir. Actually the word “math” to translate in literal translation is “matematika”, but it is unnatural usage or informal into the TL, so it becomes “pikir-pikir”. The translation above is categorized as the third type of shift. The semantic shift was embedded on the novel, 85 data the fourth type of shift in form of sentences which is considered as semantic shift. The replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. Sample 7 SL: But he is kind of a freak. TL: Tapi dia itu aneh sekali. BT: But he is kind of a very freak. The word But he is kind of a freak, here there is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. But he is kind of a freak translated into Bahasa Indonesia Tapi dia itu aneh (sekali). The word “sekali” is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap in Bahasa Indonesia (Target Language) by a grammatical structure. So the translation above is categorized as the fourth type of shift. Sample 8 SL: “I‟d love to live here.” TL: “Aku akan senang sekali bisa tinggal disini.” BT: “I‟d really love to live here.” The word I‟d love to live here there is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. I‟d love to live here translate into Bahasa Indonesia Aku akan senang (sekali) bisa tinggal disini. The word “sekali” is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap in Bahasa Indonesia (Target Language) by a grammatical structure. So the translation above is categorized as the fourth type of shift. There are three main reasons for testing a translation. The translator wants to be sure his translation is accurate, clear, and natural. These three features are important throughout the translation; the entire translation must be checked for each one. In any sentence, there may be need for improvement in accuracy, clarity, or naturalness. Accuracy indicates the degree of conformity. It deals with how accurate a translator transfers the message in Source Language into Target Language. In this case, the translator is required to translate the content of the text correctly. The concept of accurate leads to a conformity content or messages between Source Language and Target Language and no distortion of meaning. From 395 data, I found 108 semantic shift are considered as accurate (23%), and 287 are categorized as less accurate semantic shift (77%). The explanations upon the data based on the accuracy level are as follow: Sample 9 SL: “Make your own choice. It‟s your funeral.” TL: “Buat keputusanmu sendiri. Itu kan pemakamanmu.” BT: “Make your own choice. It‟s your funeral.” In sample 9 above, the word „choice‟ and „funeral‟ are translated into „keputusan‟ and „pemakaman‟. This semantic shift as accurate translation. Actually, in Bahasa Indonesia „funeral‟ can be translated as „penguburan‟. But, based on the context of semantic shift, „funeral‟ means „pemakaman‟. So, if the translator translate „funeral‟ into „penguburan‟, it will be not compatible with the context of this semantic shift. Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 201 Sample 10 SL: “What are you, a split personality or something?” TL: “Kau ini kenapa, punya kepribadian ganda atau semacamnya?” BT: “What are you, have a double personality or a sort of?” In sample 10 above, „split‟ is translated as „ganda‟ which means „double‟. This semantic shift translation is less accurate, because the double meaning which is disturb the message of word „split‟, they consider it has an accurate term in Bahasa Indonesia namely „membagi‟. They also think over the context of the data, in this data the word „split‟ reflects a fissuring in something. For Indonesians, „ganda‟ does not represent „something measuring‟, „ganda‟ can be implied as double thinking. Whereas, this semantic shift translation is accurate, because they consider „ganda‟ can represent the message of „split‟ well. The second reason for testing a translation is to be sure that it is clear. A translation may be accurate but still not communicate to the people who are to use it. The forms of the language used should be those which make the massage of the source text as easy to understand as the source text itself was to understand. The only way to check for clarity is to test it with persons who are note familiar with the source text and ask questions show what they understand. From 395 data, I found 176 semantic shift are considered as clear (47, 7%), and 219 are considered as less clear semantic shift (52, 3%). The explanations upon the data based on the clarity level are as follow: Sample 11 SL: It always stuck me, without fail. TL: Aku selalu tergugu, tanpa pernah sekali pun lupa. BT: I always stuck, without forget. The semantic shift „stuck‟ and „fail‟ is translated as „tergugu‟ and „lupa‟. This translation to be categorized as clear, consider „tergugu‟ and „lupa‟ are clear, it is commonly familiar to Indonesian people and does not sound strange. Based on this context, the word „tergugu‟ is appropriate to use, because „tergugu‟ means „ingratiated‟. In Bahasa Indonesia, „tergugu‟ can refer to people, it is really compatible with the context of this semantic shift which „tergugu‟ refers to the people. The word „lupa‟ is also considered as clarity, because of it means „forget‟ that is really the people habbit. So, without the slightest hesitation the writer categorized this translation as clarity. Sample 12 SL: A seriously protruding Adam‟s apple. TL: Jakun menonjol. BT: Adam‟s apple. From sample 12 above, we can see the semantic shift is not translated clearly, and this translation also categorized as less clear. This translation as inacceptable because „jakun menonjol‟ which means „Adam‟s apple‟ are really unfamiliar words for the readers, especially for word „Adam‟s apple‟ that means „jakun‟. The target reader of this novel in Indonesia will feel unfamiliar about this word, because of „Adam‟s apple‟ is not familiar thing for teenagers. The third reason for testing the translation is to be sure that is natural. A translation may be accurate in that the translator understood correctly the source text and is attempting to communicate that information, and it may even by understandable, and yet the forms may not be the natural idiomatic forms of the receptor language. The translation must be tested to see if the grammatical forms used are those normally used. The message is accurate and clear, but at the same time they sound strange. The translator does not want his translation to sound “strange” or “foreign”. He wants it to sound natural, as if it were not even a translation, but original composition in the receptor language. From 395 data, the writer have found 246 semantic shifts are considered as very natural (54, 7%), and 149 are categorized as sufficient natural semantic shifts Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 202 (45, 3%). The explanations upon the data based on the naturalness level are as follow: Sample 13 SL: Perky rah-rah girl. TL: Gadis yang genit. BT: Flirty girl. The translator has translated „perky rah- rah‟ into „genit‟. The word „genit‟ as natural translation. All ratters mentioned that the translator try to make natural translation of „perky rah-rah‟ into something which all Indonesian readers can be easily understood what the term refers to. In Indonesia, the term „genit‟ usually for bag girl. Whereupon all target readers clarify they just already understand what „genit‟ means just by reading it once. So, this natural translation is categorized as natural. Sample 14 SL: “And we‟ve got nothing. Zip, zilch, nada.” TL: “Dan kami tidak mendapatkan apa apa. Nol, nihil, kosong.” BT: And we‟ve got nothing. Zero, zilch, blank. From sample 14 above, this semantic shift as sufficiently natural, and 1 target reader mentioned that they should read this semantic shift more than once. They stopped for a while when they read this semantic shift translation. So, they decide this semantic shift as less understandable. The rests of target readers consider this semantic shift translation is difficult to understand. Because of this dissimilarity, this semantic shift translation is categorized as sufficiently natural. Based on the context of this semantic shift, „Zip, zilch, nada‟ is hard to understand what this sound refers to, and it is not suitable with the context of situation. Note: SL: Source Language, TL: Target Language, BT: Back Translation. The semantic shift found in the novel were realized in the first types of shift, the semantic shift occurrences is indicated by the change of singular which is translated into plural and the position of the adjective. The semantic shift in form of sentences and phrases here mean shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language can be regarded as the shift or transposition based on Newmark (1987:35) definition. This finding is confrims the previous study conducted by Al-Zoubi an Al-Hasanawi (2009) because they are in the translation journal. Both of them explained about the various types of shifts in translation at various levels such as the first type of shift. Another previous study is confirmed, conducted by Mannon (2008) in her research, she found that the shifts that were done mostly did not change the meaning, but there were some shifts change the meaning or the idea of the SL. Meanwhile, the writer findings are similar to those previous research because the same shift occurred in their research. The second type, The semantic shift occurrences is indicated by the SL grammatical structure does not exist in TL. Additionally, this kind of semantic shift in form of sentences and phrases here mean shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language can be regarded as the shift or transposition based on Newmark (1987:35) definition. This finding contradicts the previous study conducted by Khacula (2013) because his study focuses on the types of semantic changes involved determining the meaning of words in Lumarama. From the analysis, he found that socio-cultural forces which allow people to come in contact under different circumstances, contribute to the shift in meaning of words in a language. Another research that contradicts the finding of the present research was conducted by Sugaryamah and Anggreyani (2014). They present the result of a study related to the translation shifts procedure in the translation of Indonesian into English texts of the diorama. Meanwhile, the writer findings are not the same as those previous research because the difference in shift in studies, because the difference shift that was found in their research. Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 203 Both of them do not explain about the second type of shift. The third type, the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the target language. the semantic shift in form of sentences and phrases here mean shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language can be regarded as the shift or transposition based on Newmark (1987:35) definition. This finding confirms by the previous study conducted by Aisyah (2015). The aims of her research are to describe the type of shift translation that occurs in the poem and to describe the result of equivalence both of source and target language. Another study confirmed by Dipawangsa (2015) the result discovered that the types of shift occurred in the translation. Meanwhile, the writer findings are similar to those previous research because the findings of both research show that there are the same shift occurred in the translation process. The fourth type, the semantic shift occurrences is indicated by the the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical srtucture. Additionally, this kind of semantic shift in form of sentences and phrases here mean shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language can be regarded as the shift or transposition based on Newmark (1987:35) definition. This finding contradicts with the previous study conducted by Li (2014). This brief study examines a number of types of semantic shift and variation in the Formosan languages. Factors behind semantic shift, such as function, shape, and geography, are discussed and exemplified, revealing much semantic variation in Formosan languages. Cognate sets are analyzed to consider their original semantics and another study conducted by Shih (2012) in the translation journal, explained different textual functions govern the translation shifts, and variation among four translated novels is diagnosed as relevant to the translator‟s stylistic preference. In sum, her research supports the dynamic nature of the translation of prepositions under the impacts of contrastive linguistic differences between source and target languages, textual functions and the translator‟s style. Meanwhile, the writer findings are not the same as those previous research because the difference in shift in studies done by previous researchers, both of them do not explain about the fourth type of shift. Furthermore, the kinds of shift found in the novel it can be understood that there is translation quality in semantic shift are occurs in the English into Indonesian translation. Shift or transposition is termed according to Catford (1965) as shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from source language to target language Newmark (1987:35). Translation shift is termed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) called transposition involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the message. According to Larson (1998:529-532) accuracy indicates the degree of conformity. It deals with how accurate a translator transfers the message in Source Language into Target Language. In this case, the translator is required to translate the content of the text correctly. The concept of accurate leads to a conformity content or messages between Source Language and Target Language and no distortion of meaning. The second reason for testing a translation is to be sure that it is clear. A translation may be accurate but still not communicate to the people who are to use it. The forms of the language used should be those which make the massage of the source text as easy to understand as the source text itself was to understand. The only way to check for clarity is to test it with persons who are note familiar with the source text and ask questions show what they understand (Larson , 1998:529- 532). The third reason for testing the translation is to be sure that is natural based on Larson (1998:529-532). A translation may be accurate in that the translator understood Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 204 correctly the source text and is attempting to communicate that information, and it may even by understandable, and yet the forms may not be the natural idiomatic forms of the receptor language. The translation must be tested to see if the grammatical forms used are those normally used. The message is accurate and clear, but at the same time they sound strange. The translator does not want his translation to sound “strange” or “foreign”. He wants it to sound natural, as if it were not even a translation, but original composition in the receptor language. Translation quality in semantic shift is occurs in the English into Indonesian translation. Translation which does not effectively communicate the message of the source text is of limited value. The translator has wasted his time. Even if someone publishes it and use it and the procedures involved in testing the translation are a very important step in the total project. The finding of translation quality is in line with the previous study conducted by Rieza (2014). The result of her study showed that from 2454 data, there are 538 data belong to translation shift of verb phrase. She finds two types of translation shift; they are structure and unit/level shift. Then there are 2454 data or 100% of accuracy level, 2246 data or 91, 52% of acceptability level, and 2433 data or 99, 14% of high readability. Another study that is also in line with the present study is the study which has been conducted by Yolanda (2016). Her study was aims to analyses the translation techniques used in translating pun in J. R. R. Tolkien‟s The Hobbit from English to Indonesia, and to assess the quality of English – Indonesian translation of pun in J. R. R. Tolkien‟s The Hobbit. The quality assessment of her study was obtained from the respondents. The respondents were divided into two, they were expert ratters (the lecturers) and target readers (the teenager). Meanwhile, the writer findings are similar to previous research because both of them are aimed in to assess the quality of English – Indonesian translation. Those are three main reasons for testing a translation. The translator wants to be sure his translation is accurate, clear, and natural. These three features are important throughout the translation, the entire translation must be checked for each one. In any sentence, there may be need for improvement in accuracy, clarity, or naturalness. CONCLUSION First, the analysis on types of semantic shift in Dessen‟s What Happened to Goodbye shows that there are four kinds of semantic shift are found in this novel; they are the first type of shift (Plural in English changes become Singular in Bahasa Indonesia) and (Adjective + Noun in English changes become Noun + Adjective in Bahasa Indonesia), the second type of shift (in Bahasa Indonesia the object is in front of the sentence, but in English it is the last), (in Bahasa Indonesia the Adjective is in front of the sentence, then followed by the subject, but it is not in English grammatical structure) and (in Bahasa Indonesia, the verbal is in front of the sentence, but it is unusual in English, except the imperative sentence), the third type of shift (N or NP in SL becomes Verb in target language), (Noun Phrase + Adjective from Verb intransitive in source language becomes Noun + clause in target language), (Adjective + Noun in source language becomes Noun + Noun in target language) and (the clauses in underlies form in SL that state detail and explicit in target language) and the fourth type of shift (the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure). Translation always departs from understanding of meaning word, later was continued by the accommodation to the context. The translator may do some modifications to get an accurate meaning and similar expression in the target language, or it is found the similarities between understanding information of the source language and target language. Thus, it is not wrong if the translation shift is extremely required. For example, the translator could give an equivalent Shadam Hussaeni Handi Pratama , Rudi Hartono, Puji Astuti / EEJ 8 (2) (2018) 195 - 207 205 for word with another word class because there is no suitable word class in the target language. Finally, the analysis on the translation quality shows that 108 translations (23%) are considered to be accurate, and 287 translations (77%) are considered as less accurate. In clarity level, 176 translations are belong to clear (47, 7%), and 219 translations are belong to unclear (52, 3%). 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