EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 English Education Journal http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/eej The Interpersonal Meaning in Trump’s Victory Speech Andini Syita Savitri , Warsono Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info _____________ Article History: Recived 20 June 2019 Accepted 10 August 2019 Published 23 December 2019 ______________ Keywords: Discourse analysis, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Donald Trump‟s victory speech, interpersonal meaning, appraisal system ______________ Abstract This study deals with analyzing language used for communication. It analyzes a victory speech by Donald Trump as the newest president of America from the perspective of SFL especially dealing with the Tenor of the discourse of the speech. In other words, this study is about interpersonal meaning of the speech which can be used to dig up speaker‟s attitudes towards what s/he is saying in the speech. In conducting this study, I had two objectives to achieve. First, this study tried to understand the interpersonal meaning of Donald Trump‟s victory speech by looking deeply on the Mood system of the clauses of the speech which means analyzing the two constituents of Mood which are Subjects and Finites of the clauses in the speech. Second, it also tried to uncover Donald Trump‟s attitudes towards Americans by applying the Appraisal theory proposed by Martin. Appraisal offers an ideal analytical framework to systematically identify interpersonal meanings in language. The result of analysis showed that the most subject found in the speech was I – Donald Trump which meant that Trump himself was responsible to what he was saying in the speech. The Finites in the speech were mostly stated in Simple Present Tense which was meant that in delivering his speech, Trump gave the general truth at the moment of the speaking. Since most of the clauses were declarative clauses, Trump was considered to share information in this case he share his vision and mission for future America to the audience. That shared information was further analyzed with the Appraisal theory which led to the conclusion that Trump gave positive attitudes towards Americans. Based on this study, finally we come to an understanding that it‟s important to understand any kinds of speech well. One among ways to do it is by analyzing that speech through its interpersonal meaning and its appraisal system. This study is useful for readers, especially English Department students in order to be able to understand the meaning behind a text well. © 2019 Universitas Negeri Semarang Correspondence Address: Kampus Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kelud, Semarang, 50233 E-mail: andinyta@gmail.com p-ISSN 2087-0108 e-ISSN 2502-4566 Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 528 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, communication like delivering a speech in front of publics has become important part of our lives and one important thing which is related to communication is language. Language must have developed out of human needs to establish interpersonal relations. Through language, people promote peace among themselves. Concurrent with this, communicative language teaching must be applied to the learners that focuses on communicative competence. As stated by Larsen and Freeman (2008, p. 121), “communicative language teaching aims broadly to apply the theoretical perspective of the communicative approach by making communicative competence as the goal of language teaching and by acknowledging the interdependence of language and communication”. It becomes clear that being able to communicate requires more than linguistic competence. There is a theory of language in which language function becomes the centre of discussion when it is talking about the function of language in communication. This theory was developed by Halliday (1994) and it is named Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). From the perspective of SFL, language is viewed as a system for making meanings: a semantic system, with other systems for encoding the meaning it produces (Halliday, 1994: xvii). SFL also sees that language is structured to make three main kinds of meanings simultaneously (Halliday in Eggins, 1994, p. 3). Those three simultaneous kinds of meanings are experiential, interpersonal, and textual. Furthermore, Eggins (1994, p. 227) says that these three types of meaning are known as the metafunctions. Besides, Gerot and Wignell (1994, p. 13) stated, “Interpersonal meanings are meanings which express a speakers‟ attitude and judgments.” Analyzing interpersonal meanings is interesting because it is trying to find how feelings and values are negotiated. In this study, the text that was analyzed under the scope of interpersonal meaning is Donald Trump‟s victory speech which was delivered from New York Hilton Midtown in N.Y.C. It was delivered right after he won the president election. The election was called early Wednesday morning after the GOP nominee earned the necessary 270 electoral votes to become president. His stunning victory rocked the world and defied the predictions of most pollsters, political pundits and correspondents. Although there are many presidents of America before him, but there were many researchers who hava reserched about them, for example Barack Obama. According to the reason above, I choose the newest one. The analysis of Donald Trump‟s victory speech in terms of its interpersonal meaning may lead us to uncover how Donald Trump‟s attitude and judgement toward American people. As the president of America, Donald Trump is the representative of America. Knowing his attitude and judgment means that we will know how well he will bring America to be better country in future by implementing his vision and mission as said by Donald Trump in his speech, so that we can learn his way positively. In this study, the writer would like to analyze the propositional structure of Donald Trump‟s speech which focuses on the mood system in the speech. In doing so, the speech is divided into clauses (clause-complexes), in which each is analyzed interpersonally. Moreover, in order to gain further understanding about Donald Trump‟s attitudes and judgement towards American, the appraisal system is applied in this study so that the speech is also broken down into word level to see the appraisal potentials found in that speech. By these analyses, we can reveal the meaning behind the line, or the unspoken meaning. Based on the explanation, the writer thinks that it is important to analyze Donald Trump‟s speech in terms of interpersonal meaning to find out the intended goal of the study. This study is intended to realize the interpersonal meaning in Donald Trump‟s speech. Other studies have been conducted to find the use of interpersonal meaning in public speech. Hastomo (2011) conducted a study Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 529 about the interpersonal meaning of a Obama‟s speech through the Mood system and the degree of modality used in the clauses of the speech. This finding was an understanding about Obama‟s judgment and attitude, and also the impact implied in the issues Obama delivered in his speech. (Sari, 2013; Shanty, 2014; Sukarno, 2008; Nurani, 2010, Gunawan, 2015) analysed similar part about interpersonal meaning in public speech. Then another study, (Dyah W, 2011; Yipei, et al., 2013) deals with analysing not only interpersonal meaning but also textual meaning. It analyzes a speech from the perspective of SFL especially dealing with the Tenor of the discourse and metadiscourse of the speech In general, all of the previous studies above have one aspect in common, which is analyzing three metafunctions such as interpersonal meaning, ideational meaning and textual meaning. The relation of the previous study with this study is in analysing interpersonal meaning. The previous study can get some sources about discourse analysis in the term of interpersonal analysis. Besides, this study is quite different from those previous studies because this study analyse not only interpersonal meaning but also the mood system in Donald Trump‟s victory speech. The object of the study is also different; this study focuses on public speech. For the conclussion, the writer thinks that it is important to analyze Donald Trump‟s victory speech in terms of interpersonal meaning to find out the intended goal of the speech. METHOD In order to answer my research questions, I used a qualitative approach which means that the data was analyzed qualitatively. Since this study was about the relationship between language and its context, discourse analysis was also used in this study. The source of data in this study, I used victory speech of Donald Trump which was cited in online website of CNN and social media such as YouTube. Since this study was about interpersonal meaning, the clause-complexes became the unit of analysis. This study also used appraisal system so that the unit of analysis is also on word-level that is appraisal potentials. Thus, there are two units of analysis of this study; clause-complexes for analysing the interpersonal meaning of the speech and appraisal potentials for looking on the appraisal system. The data is transcribed into written transcript, and then was identified, selected, and also classified based on the analysis needs, which was relevant to the topic research. In the investigation, data of this research result can be tested and judged by expert using triangulation theory. This kind of triangulation carried out by researcher which uses more than one theoritical perspectives in investigating issues. However, in applying this kind of triangulation, the researcher must comprehend the theory used and its relevance to the issues in carefully so as to produce the appropriate conclusions. In this case, the researcher involves two experts who have knowledge based on their background regarding researcher‟s topic to check out and analyze this research has valid conclusion or not whether this research will answer the research question and achieves the purpose of the research. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS In this part, the researcher presented the results of the interpersonal meaning in Trump‟s victory speech. Findings The Use Of The Mood System In Donald Trump’s Victory Speech Mood has important role in realizing interpersonal meaning because it is the point in forming the speaker‟s judgments ant attitudes. When it takes on the text, it plays a critical role in carrying out the interpersonal function of the clause. Thus, Mood consists of two components which are Subject and Finite. Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 530 Subject Halliday (1985a, p. 76) in Eggins (1993, p. 156) states “…Subject realizes the thing by reference to which the proposition can be affirmed or denied. It provides the person or thing in whom is vested the success or failure of the proposition, what is “held responsible”.” There were some Subjects found in Donald Trump‟s speech: 1. I've just received a call from Secretary Clinton. 2. She congratulated us, it's about us, on our victory, 3. We must reclaim our country's destiny and dream big and bold and daring 4. And they should all be on this stage, but that's OK. They're great I, she, we, and they were the examples of Subject found in the speech. The complete analysis of Subjects found in the speech can be seen in Appendix. The table below shows the frequency of subjects found in Trump‟s speech. Table 1. Frequency of Subject used in Trump‟s Victory speech From the table above, it‟s clear that the most frequently subject found in the speech is I. I here refers to the speaker of the speech that is Donald Trump. It means that the most responsible person for that speech is Trump himself. The second position belongs to We. In some utterances, We refers to Trump and all people of America. It gives impression that there is unity between the government of America and all of the citizens in giving response to celebrate the victory of Trump because of winning the president election. Finite Halliday (1985a, p. 75) in Eggins (1994:157) defines Finite in terms of its function in the clause to make the proposition definite, to anchor the proposition in a way that we can argue about it. Primary Tense Primary tense means past, present or future at the moment of speaking (Gerot and Wignell, 1994, p. 27). It indicates the different times at which action takes place. For example: 1. We owe her a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country. 2. She congratulated us 3. We will begin the urgent task of rebuilding our nation and renewing the American dream. The table below shows the frequency of the primary tenses found in the speech. Table 2. Frequency of Primary Tense used in Trump‟s speech Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense Total 16 36 25 77 Most of clauses in the speech are stated in Simple Present Tense. According to Azar (1989, p. 11), there are three usages of Simple Present Tense, which are for expressing /indicating 1) general statements of fact, 2) habitual or everyday activity, and 3) a situation that exists right now, at the moment of speaking. Thus, the finding indicates that Trump gave the general fact at the moment of the speaking. What Trump shared was the real condition at the time of speaking. Modality “Modality indicates the speaker‟s judgment of the probabilities of the obligations involved in what he or she is saying” (Gerot and Wignell, 2011, p. 28). The examples of Modality are presented as follow: I Yo u The y W e Sh e H e It Othe rs Tot al 2 6 5 7 22 2 - 1 1 4 77 Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 531 1. ..that I will be president for all Americans, .... 2. We must reclaim our country's destiny, 3. And they should all be on this stage, ... The table below shows the frequency of the modals found in the speech. Table 3. Frequency of Modals used in Trump‟s Speech No. Modals Frequency 1. Will 20 2. Can 1 3. Must 1 4. Should 1 Total 23 Residue As stated by Eggins (1994, p. 161), Residue component is the other component of the clause that is somehow less essential to the arguability of the clause than is the Mood element, but Residue component can also contain a number of functional elements: Predicators, Complements, and any number of different types of Adjuncts. Predicator Predicator is the part of the clause that tells us about what is actually happening. 1. To all Republicans and Democrats and independents across this nation, I say it is time for us to come together as one united people. 2. I've spent my entire life and business looking at the untapped potential in projects and in people all over the world. 3. I've gotten to know our country so well, tremendous potential. The bold words above tell us about what is (are) one(s)/something(s) doing toward one(s) or something(s). The predicator indicates what activity that occurs in a situation. (Pratama, 2010, p. 42) Complement Complement is the part of residue that answers the question „is/had what‟, „to whom‟, „did to whom‟, „did to what‟. Eggins (1994, p. 163) says that a Complement can get to be Subject through the process of passivizing the clause. Adjunct Adjuncts are clause elements which contribute some additional (but non-essential) information to the clause. They don‟t have the potential to become Subject. (Eggins, 1993, p. 165). Conjunctive Adjunct “Conjunctive Adjuncts include items such as „for instance‟, „anyway‟, „moreover‟, „meanwhile‟, „therefore‟, „nevertheless‟. These Conjunctive Adjuncts have a textual function and so fall outside of analysis of Mood” (Gerot and Wignell, 1994, p. 34). Here are the examples of Conjunctive Adjunct found in the speech: 1. As I've said from the beginning, ours was not a campaign, 2. And we will put millions of our people to work as we rebuild it. 3. And I love this country. Comment Adjunct Gerot and Wignell (1994:35) states that Comment Adjunct expresses the speaker‟s comment on what he or she is saying. Furthermore, they (1994:35) give the examples of Comment Adjunct such as „frankly‟, „apparently‟, „hopefully‟, „broadly speaking‟, „understandably‟, „to my surprise‟. Here are the examples of Conjunctive Adjunct found in the speech: 1. I mean that very sincerely 2. And we're going to be doing a job that hopefully you will be so proud of your president. Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 532 Mood Adjunct “Mood Adjuncts relate specifically to the meaning of the finite verbal operators, expressing probability, usuality, obligation, inclination or time” (Gerot and Wignell, 1994, p. 35). Unfortunately, there is no Mood Adjunct found in this speech. Evaluation of Trump’s Attitudes through the Appraisal System In trying to uncover Trump‟s attitudes, this analysis also uses the Appraisal theory proposed by Martin and White (2005). According to them, there are three kinds of attitude which are affect -- expressing people‟s feeling, judgment -- judging people‟s characters, or appreciation -- appreciating things. Through the analysis of Appraisal system especially concerning with attitude will be covered. Affect – Expressing People’s Feeling The findings of affect used in the research based on the appraisal theory stated by Martin and White (2005) showed out of .... clauses, ..... of them contained the affect items and ..... of them contained no affect items. By analyzing affect involved in Trump‟s speech, we will uncover Trump‟s feeling to who/what is/are in his speech. From 56 items expressing Trump‟s feeling, 32 of them are explicitly/directly showing Trump‟s feelings or affect towards Americans because of his victory, 22 of them are showing for his family and 6 of them are showing feelings for his rival of presedential election Hillary Clinton. Furthermore, all those 52 items are positive affect and 4 of them are negative affect. Table 4. Distribution of affect used in Trump‟s victory speech Appraiser Positive Affect Negative Affect Total Donald Trump 52 4 56 These were affect used by Donald Trump toward Americans: 1. "Now it's time for America to bind the wounds of division, have to get together. 2. I say it is time for us to come together as one united people. 3. I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans, and this is so important to me. 4. Working together, we will begin the urgent task of rebuilding our nation and renewing the American dream. 5. Every single American will have the opportunity to realise his or her fullest potential. These were affect used by Donald Trump toward his family: 1. And now I'd like to take this moment to thank some of the people who really helped me with this, 2. ... what they are calling tonight, very, very historic victory. 3. First, I want to thank my parents, 4. Great people. I've learned so much from them. 5. They were wonderful in every regard These were affect used by Donald Trump toward Hillary Clinton as his rival: 1. She congratulated us, it's about us, on our victory, 2. .... and I congratulated her and her family on a very, very hard-fought campaign. 3. I mean, she fought very hard. 4. Hillary has worked very long and very hard over a long period of time, 5. .... and we owe her a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country 6. I mean that very sincerely. Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 533 Judgment – Judging People’s Character The findings of judgment used in the research based on the appraisal theory stated by Martin and White (2005) showed out of .... clauses, ..... of them contained the judgment items and ..... of them contained no judgment items. Judgment refers to the act of judging people‟s character in discourse. Thus, by looking into expressions of judgment found in Trump‟s speech which tells many things about America. White (2001) states that judgment is similar to affect in the sense that both can be positive and negative and they may be judge explicitly or implicitly. However, unlike affect, judgments differ between personal judgments of admiration or criticism, and moral judgments of praise or condemnation (Martin and Rose, in press: 26). Admiration and praise are kinds of positive judgments, while criticism and condemnation are negative judgments. Here is the table showing the result of judgments analysis of Trump‟s speech: Table 5. Distribution of Judgment used in Trump‟s speech Personal Judgements Moral Judgements Positi ve Negati ve Admi re Criti ze Prai se Conde mn 31 1 - - 31 1 The table above shows that there are 31 items of positive judgments which consist of 31 items showing admiration. The one other is negative judgments which consist of 1 item showing criticism. These were judgments used by Trump in his victory speech: 1. She congratulated us, it's about us, on our victory, 2. .... and I congratulated her and her family on a very, very hard-fought campaign. 3. I mean, she fought very hard. 4. Hillary has worked very long and very hard over a long period of time, 5. .... and we owe her a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country Appreciation – Appreciating the Value of Things The findings of appreciation used in the research based on the appraisal theory stated by Martin and White (2005) showed out of .... clauses, ..... of them contained the judgment items and ..... of them contained no appreciation items. Appreciation deals with aesthetic evaluation of humans – with appreciating the value of things in discourse. So, it differs from judgment for appreciation is done towards “things”. Martin and Rose (in press: 56) explain that the system (of Appreciation) is organized around three variables – reaction, composition, and valuation. Shortly, reaction is about the degree how such kind of text/process captures our attention or about the impact of it to us, composition is about our perceptions of proportionality in a text/process, and valuation is about our assessment of the social significance of the text/process. Thus, analyzing the expressions showing appreciation found in Trump‟s speech will also lead us to uncover Trump‟s attitudes. Here is the result of appreciation analysis found in the speech: Table 6. Distribution of Appreciation used in Tump‟s victory speech TOT AL Reac tion Compo sition Valua tion Posit ive Nega tive 13 3 6 21 2 In Trump‟s speech, he used appreciation which around 23 items, consisted of 13 reaction, 3 composition, and 6 valuation composition. The 21 items of them are positive appreciation and 2 of them are negative appreciation. These were appreciation used by Donald Trump in his speech: Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 534 1. She congratulated us, it's about us, on our victory, 2. .... and I congratulated her and her family on a very, very hard-fought campaign. 3. I mean, she fought very hard. 4. Hillary has worked very long and very hard over a long period of time, 5. ... and we owe her a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country The Pedagogical Implementation of Interpersonal Meaning in English Teaching Learning Based on the findings, it is worth presenting the pedagogical implications that can be considered as the contribution of the study to the teaching of English, especially the teaching in the framework of promoting our literacy level. Firstly, English teachers especially those in higher education may find it beneficial as valuable input to better understand and raise their linguistic awareness of the importance of the linguistic features in writing a text. Such a linguistic awareness is important since it will eventually drive English teachers to influence their students in the way they write a text as a speech. Moreover, the result of this study can also be used as an example of how to write a good text or speech by manipulating various language features to expositions. These, in turn, will improve the students writing skills by using the appropriate and proper choices of words (dictions) as the realization of their interpersonal meanings. Secondly, students learning English will not only find it useful to improve their linguistic awareness which is important in the text-making processes (speaking and writing) but also they can make their analysis when they speak a speech or when they speak in front of the audience as the orator. Such a linguistic awareness will become a potential for them to lead to the production of good texts and be a good speaker or orator. Thus, the knowledge about those language features is very important when we write or produce texts and read the text aloud or speak in front of audience. It is within this context that this study is expected to raise awareness of English teachers and learners of the use of those language features. It is also expected that this linguistic awareness will, in turn, enable English teachers to teach writing and speaking better to their students. This linguistic awareness will facilitate learners of English in producing beautiful and quality texts that can work properly. Also, the students can increase their knowledge in critical discourse analysis to understand any kind of texts especially expositions. Discussion The use of mood system in Trump’s victory speech Mood shows the role or position of the speakers in the conversation whether the speaker is demanding or asking things, services, or offers. The system of mood allows people to interact with each other. I present the mood elements which can be the consideration to determine the mood type. A clause consists of mood and residue. The mood elements are Subject and Finite, while Residue are Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct. Subject and Finite are the key to determine what Mood realized in the clauses. Mood elements are Subject and Finite. Subject is the nominal element while Finite is the verbal element. Residue is less essential than Mood in anchoring the proposition. Residue contains Predicator, Complement and Adjunct. From the findings above, it‟s clear that the most frequently subject found in the speech is I. I is a pronoun which used for substitute the person who is speaking. I here refers to the speaker of the speech that is Donald Trump. It means that the most responsible person for that speech is Trump himself. In addition, Ahmad Yusri (2017) also analyzed the Mood system of the Discourse of Abdul Qodir Jaelani, the finding oh his study is by identifying clause structures of the four texts, Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 535 we, readers or listeners, are able to interpret what is the purpose of communication whether offering or demanding (proposal), or giving information (proposition) especially between semantic organization of interaction and grammatical differences among speakers. Of the four texts, the speakers and the writers use full and elliptical declarative, interrogative; Yes/No polar and Wh-Content, and imperative: suggestions and command in delivering their message as spoken and written texts in order to create intelligible information. The differences of his study and this study is from the findings, it is clear that the most frequently subject found in the speech is I. I is a pronoun which used for substitute the person who is speaking. I here refers to the speaker of the speech that is Donald Trump. It means that the most responsible person for that speech is Trump himself. Then Finite shows the proposition, tense, and polarity. There are three kinds of finite used in the speech that are past tense, present tense and future tense. Most of clauses in the speech are stated in Simple Present Tense which is mean the purpose of using present tense is a situation that exists right now, at the moment of speaking. Thus, the finding indicates that Trump gave the general fact at the moment of the speaking. What Trump shared was the real condition at the time of speaking. The use of affect in Trump’s victory speech Based on the finding stated in the previous section, it could be concluded that for example, (i) I say it is time for us to come together as one united people. (ii) I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans, and this is so important to me. (iii) Working together, we will begin the urgent task of rebuilding our nation and renewing the American dream. (iv) We are going to fix our inner cities and rebuild our highways, bridges, tunnels, airports, schools, hospitals. (v) We're going to rebuild our infrastructure, which will become, by the way, second to none. Based on the example above, Trump showed the inner feeling about his happiness by winning the presidential election and explained his promises toward the future of America which will he bring as president. In example (i), he expressed his emotion of willingness towards American to walk along by his side as one united people because without united citizen America can not be a powerful country. In relation of this statement it can be looking at the next example in (ii), His happines to be president described in the line “it‟s important for me”, and he needs support from the citizen to make a better country for America. In (iii), Trump said his willingnes to change the country‟s dream by renewing and rebuilding the foundation of the country. The example (iv and v), Trump explained us about his plans or his comittment for America as a new president such as fix the infrastructure, rebuild the highway, bridges, and others building. Just like another new president, he talked many plans to make a better America in future. For example, (i) And now I'd like to take this moment to thank some of the people who really helped me with this, (ii) First, I want to thank my parents, (iii) Great people. I've learned so much from them. (iv) They were wonderful in every regard From the example above it can be seen the feeling of Trump towards his family, for his parents, his brothers and sisters, and his family his self. In (i) his true feeling of happines to thank people who support him during the campaign. It can also showed in the example (ii till iv) he showed us his satisfaction being chosen as president that night and he is very thankful to his parent because he can learn many things from them. In addition, he also mention about Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 536 his wife and their children because of their motivation that make him stronger during the election campaign. For example, (i) She congratulated us, it's about us, on our victory, (ii) .... and I congratulated her and her family on a very, very hard-fought campaign. (iii) I mean, she fought very hard. (iv) Hillary has worked very long and very hard over a long period of time, In presidential election there is a winner and a loser, it also found in America. Trump and Hillary Clinton as the candidate of presidential election of that country. As a winner, Trump also mentioned about Hillary in his speech, it showed in example (i) as Trump said, Hillary showed his feeling about his victory, she congratulated him. As a rival, it was a good manner for celebrating another victory, although it was not her victory. In (ii) till (iv) Trump also showed his respect for Hillary because of her willingness to fight during the long campaign. It was good to see them become respect each other. The findings of this study was similar with Noor Aini‟s study in 2011. She investigated interpersonal meaning of Barack Obama‟s speech at university of indonesia: the study of Barack Obama‟s attitudes and judgments towards indonesia. Noor Aini also found From 14 items expressing Obama‟s feeling, 12 of them are explicitly/directly showing Obama‟s feelings or affect towards Indonesia. Furthermore, all those 12 items are positive affect. He conclude that both Obama and America have good feelings/positive affect towards Indonesia which means that Obama has good attitudes towards Indonesia. The differences between the finding of this study and Noor Aini‟s study was the frequency of affect that was used by Donald Trump are higher than Obama because the speech it self is containing about the inner feeling of him winning the presidential election in America. It can be seen that the affect is mostly used in the speech to deliver how happy he is before Americans. The use of judgement in Trump’s victory speech Based on the finding of the judgment used in the speech, it could be seen that. The examples are shown down below. (i) I mean, she fought very hard. (ii) Hillary has worked very long and very hard over a long period of time, (iii) .... and we owe her a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country (iv) I mean that very sincerely. (v) I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans, and this is so important to me. There are 31 items of positive judgments which consist of 31 items showing admiration. Based on the example above, Trump showed the admiration of judgement toward Hillary Clinton. In example (i) she fought very hard, (ii) Hillary has worked very long and very hard over a long period of time, The word fought very hard shows a positive capacity, s/he is capable to do something. The second type of judgment realized in the conversations is normality. The example is (iii) we owe her a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country. The word gratitude for her service in the clause shows a positive normality, the satisfaction feelings.. The third type of judgment realized in the conversation is propriety. It is related to ethics. The examples are as follows. a. (iv) I mean that very sincerely. b. (v) I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans, and this is so important to me. Very sincerely and pledge to every citizen can be analyzed as social sanction judgment. It is an evaluative judgment concerned with moral regulation. In this case, noth of them are including the positive moral. Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 537 There are three types of judgment realized in the speech. These are normality, capacity, and propriety. The positive judgment is used by the speaker to show the admirations and praise, while negative judgment is used to show critic and condemnation. Related to finding of judgement, Isni Mafruchatunnisa (2016) also analyzed about interpersonal meanings in Michelle Obama‟s speech at memorial service for Dr. Maya Angelou based on the result of the appraisal analysis, it can be concluded that Michelle Obama mostly used judgment as one of the aspect from attitude analysis to show her admiration towards Dr. Maya Angelou. She praised Dr. Maya Angelou‟s action who bravely cross the line and face some obstacles to make a place for black women at that time. There was difference between his study and this study. The first was the gap of percentage used in judgement analysis of the study. This study finds that judgement less used than affect because the speech is about victory and it contains of Donald Trump‟s feeling. The use of appreciation in Trump’s victory speech The words wonderful, fantastic, great, powerful, better, beautiful, etc. are used in the to express the appreciation. These words are used for giving reaction of seeing an object. The word very hard and though are also used in the speech to show composition. a. The first example, the word a beautiful thing shows a positive reaction of evaluating a phenomenon like in “It's going to be a beautiful thing.” b. The second example of composition in the speech are (i) and I congratulated her and her family on a very, very hard-fought campaign. (ii) This was tough. Very hard fought and though show the evaluation of complexity. c. The third example is about valuation “And we're going to be doing a job that hopefully you will be so proud of your president.” Hopefully shows a positive valuation in the speech. The types of appreciation realized in the speech are reaction, composition and valuation. The speakers gives a reaction after evaluating something and the composition or complexity of something. In addition there was a study that also analyzed the victory speech of Barack Obama who was a president of America before Donald Trump by Ding Ailan (2017). The finding among resources of Appreciation, resources of Valuation are all positive and make up a proportion of 51.5% of the total number. Barack Obama speaks highly of the great social significance of the election campaign. The former president foregrounds the great social significance of the American Dream which is used as a uniting concept to foster national solidarity and restore public morale. He emphasizes the importance of traditional values of patriotism, responsibility, self-reliance and national unity. However there was also differences between his study and this study, the used of appreciation also seen in Trump‟s speech but the frequency is less. the vision and mission of Trump is a little difference with Obama. He highlights the power of faith and hope to stir his people‟s passion to work wonders. He emphasizes the power of democracy by clearly exhibiting his strong sense of superiority of a super-power. The pedagogical implication of the findings to English education In learning English, students should be able to deliver, not only good and meaningful speech but also need to be expressive as same as the native speaker and also to make it less tedious and more interesting. As we know, English is not used as the second language in Indonesia except for the native language. In this globalization era, people can find English is used in many places, in books and etc whether it is a long word or just a short one. Some of them are able to understand or to use it but to deliver the Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 538 speakers own personal meaning and judgments is not easy. Since English only taught in classrooms and private classes and not in daily lives, the students should make their own time to practice using it. Because learning it in the classroom through textbooks and homework only will not increase their skills especially how to use English to socialize. For some students, English is seen as a learning material in class only about how can they pass standard grades. Therefore students still think learning English is difficult when class and teacher cannot support student learning well. Based on the study by Dian Candra Prasetyanti (2011), it is worth presenting the pedagogical implications that can be considered as the contribution of the study to the teaching of English, especially the teaching in the framework of promoting our literacy level. Firstly, English teachers especially those in higher education may find it beneficial as valuable input to better understand and raise their linguistic awareness of the importance of the linguistic features in writing a text. Secondly, students learning English will not only find it useful to improve their linguistic awareness which is important in the text-making processes (speaking and writing) but also they can make their analysis when they speak a speech or when they speak in front of the audience as the orator. Such a linguistic awareness will become a potential for them to lead to the production of good texts and be a good speaker or orator. Considering the explanation before, the researcher wanted to find the pedagogical implication of the findings towards English education. Through learning attitude, the teacher can teach them how to talk or do conversation naturally, with a happy exclamation, showing their sad expression, expressing their disappointments, their interest and etc. They may have good or bad feelings, happy or sad which can be expressed directly or indirectly. The finding from this research showed that through words, the students could determine one‟s behavior, their feeling, their ideas, and their value towards things and people viewpoint. It also helped them to deliver a more meaningful and varied talk. According to Ellias (2003), among parents and educators around the world about what they want young people to be like; that is, they want young people to be fully literate, to be able to benefit from and make use of the power of written and spoken in various forms. The discourse analysis used in this research gave the teachers new materials to be given to the students. Through written form, the students could learn about how to utter their personal judgment and expression into text or verbal communication. Besides that, the students could also figure the other‟s personality and character as a started to socialize in daily life. Literate here means that the students not only understand the literal meaning of the written words or being able to rewrite them but also can use any form of the languages whenever it comes across. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion Studying interpersonal meaning of a speech means that we are trying to understand about the speaker‟s intention by looking deeply on the Mood system of the clauses in the speech. Analyzing the system of Mood in the clauses of Trump‟s speech, I find that almost clauses in that speech are declarative and persuasif which means that Trump wanted to share information and persuade to the audience by delivering his speech before Americans. The information which is shared is mostly about his plans to the future America which will he bring as the new president. In addition, his audiences were not only Americans, but the world since hundreds people around the world witnessed it. Therefore, it‟s important to know Trump‟s attitudes towards Americans wherein information is shared. Appraisal theory which is part of the interpersonal meaning helps us uncover Trump‟s attitudes and judgments. Based on Appraisal theory, there are three kinds of attitude; affect -- expressing people‟s feeling, judgment -- judging Andini Syita Savitri, Warsono, Puji Astuti/ EEJ 9 (4) (2019) 527 - 540 539 people‟s characters, or appreciation -- appreciating things. In this victory speech, various appraisal resources are tactfully used to justify Trump‟s ambitions, plans, policies and viewpoints. Without doubt, Trump‟s victory speech is a success, which effectively rebuilds public confidence, fosters a strong sense of responsibility among the public and rallies the American people to the national issues ahead. Among resources of Affect, positive ones make up the total number which coincides with the hopeful and optimistic tone of this victory speech. In the victory speech, Trump shows his optimism about American‟s future in spite of temporary challenges and difficulties. Among resources of Judgment,. Positive resources of Propriety are used to justify the cause of promoting peace, democracy, equality, prosperity and progress. Among resources of Appreciation, resources of Valuation are all positive and make up almost the whole total number. The president foregrounds the great social significance of the American Dream which is used as a uniting concept to foster national solidarity and restore public morale. The president emphasizes the importance of traditional values of patriotism, responsibility, self-reliance and national unity. He highlights the power of faith and hope to stir his people‟s passion to work wonders. Suggestions Some suggestions are addressed to readers, especially to the English Department students in order to be able to understand the meaning behind of a text well. They should think critically and it‟s better for them to have a good mastery on how doing discourse analysis for example by applying SFL theory to analyze a text. The next suggestion is addressed to English teachers who are interested in Systemic Functional Linguistics. It‟s better for them to apply the implementation of discourse analysis in teaching learning process – encouraging their students to have critical thinking. The last suggestion is addressed to the next researchers; there are many topics that can be the field of the study like this. Finally, from Trump‟s speech, we discover that Trump gave positive attitudes and judgments towards Americans and also shared these issues to the world. However, there are some weaknesses by conducting this study. First, many researcher has been conducting the study with similar idea, although the result is absolutely different. Second, because this research is qualitative, the analysis of the speech depend on the writer‟s perspective, it may different with another researcher in grouping element of the apparaisal system. This research did not analyze the whole component of appraisal system, just took one component of it that is attitudes. It may give less knowledge if the reader want to know the appraisal system deeply. REFERENCES Dyah, Noor A.W. (2011). Interpersonal Meaning of Barack Obama‟s Speech at University of Indonesia: The Study of Barack Obama‟s Attitudes and Judgments Towards Indonesia. Retrieved from://https.journal.unnes.ac.id. Eggins, S. and D. Slade. (1997). Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Cassell. Eggins, S. (1994). An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publishers. Gerot, L., and Wignell, P. (1994). Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Australia: Gerd Stabler. Gunawan, Samuel. (2015). 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