398 EEJ 13 (3) (2023) 391-413 English Education Journal http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/eej Power Relations Within Patriarchal Society in the Enola Holmes Film Bintang Priyanto Putri, Rahayu Puji Haryanti, Widhiyanto Widhiyanto Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info ________________ Article History: Accepted 30 March 2023 Approved 8 June 2023 Published 15 September 2023 ________________ Keywords: Power Relations, Patriarchal Society, Critical Discourse Analysis _________________ Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ The Enola Holmes film is a kind of film that mostly talks about patriarchal society, oppressions, stereotypes, and women’s power. This paper explores the power relations and patriarchal society portrayed in the film Enola Holmes. This research used a qualitative method focusing on dialogues and scenes that contained power relations and patriarchal society from Enola Holmes's film script. Using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Norman Fairclough and the power relations of Michel Foucault, the researchers analyze the relationship between patriarchal society and the power relations portrayed in the film. The finding of the data analysis showed that the discourse produced in this film script is that patriarchy is a very bad thing, and thus, it should be banished. Thus, women should be given more room and space in society. Correspondence Address: Kampus Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: bintangpriyantoputri@gmail.com p-ISSN 2087-0108 e-ISSN 2502-4566 Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 399 INTRODUCTION Film as a mass medium results from a filmmaker's reaction and perception of the events or reality around him. As a reflection of life, the film often contrasts with what happens in everyday life and what happens. In addition, film has the potential to influence a wider audience because it is used as a medium for voicing criticism. In a patriarchal context, the film reflects what happens daily in society. The combination of constructions and the reality of society depicted makes the film a means to understand the occurring phenomena. Enola Holmes is a film in the mystery genre in which criticism is related to patriarchal culture. Enola Holmes is an adapted film from Enola Holmes's mystery book by Nancy Springer. It was released on September 23, 2020. Taking a scene from the Victorian era, it was about a young girl in the genre of comedy, adventure, and braveness. This movie contained many messages about living every individual's life liberally and being able to choose whatever they want to be. The main character, Enola Holmes, can illustrate how a young woman must deal with some so- called proper behaviors based on English society’s demands in the nineteenth century. Backdropped in England in 1888, Enola discovered that her mother was missing. Before disappearing, her mother gave her various gifts, but there is no hint of her disappearance. After the incident, Enola was cared for by her two brothers, Mycroft and Sherlock. Mycroft and Sherlock sent her to a school that educated young women, but she refused to comply with her two brothers’ wishes. Then, she decided to fly to London to find her mother. This story is more than just a movie due to its contextual details, which illustrate social problems in English society. This film's setting of place and time was where the feminist movement still fought for equality. There were inequal rights between women and men in education and the social perception that women did not necessarily need to continue pursuing higher education because they would only take care of the family after marriage. The nineteenth-century era in England, which became the most crucial contextual background, is also known as the Victorian era. Women’s life in this era is far from education, politics, and economics. The gender inequality between men and women is sharply juxtaposed (Heffernan, 2021). Men are called independent, and women are dependent only. Furthermore, men have been positioned in the public sphere and are meant to participate in politics. Meanwhile, women are only responsible for the private sphere and are intended to run the household and raise the family. Thus, it is necessary to examine the power relations within patriarchal society in the film Enola Holmes as the topic of the research. The importance of this study is to explain the relationship between patriarchal society and power relations in the film through Fairclough’s perspective. Patriarchy and power relations are related and interconnected because patriarchy affects power relations between men and women. Here, the researchers tried to reveal the power relations and patriarchal society in the film Enola Holmes. METHOD Critical Discourse Analysis does not only focus on language or language use but also its social value (Fairclough, 1995). Moreover, CDA goes along with a critical approach to discuss social issues considering the hidden realities in power relations, so it talks about implicit power relations in society, and CDA makes them explicit. In this study, the writer focuses on Critical Discourse Analysis by Norman Fairclough and Power Relations by Michel Foucault to reveal the relation between power relations and patriarchal society. This study focuses on the transcription of the film Enola Holmes. In analyzing the data of this study, the Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 400 writer applied the qualitative method because the writer’s data used film transcription. The object of the study is seen from the power relations discourse done by the main character, Enola Holmes, and the people around her in the film. The sequence of processes in analyzing the problems in the film is that the writer classifies important scenes according to the formulation of the problems raised, explicates the problems, provides a comprehensive explanation, and makes a conclusion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS This section explains and discusses the result of the analysis of power relations within a patriarchal society. The study presents the findings about the relationship between patriarchal society and power relations in the transcript film Enola Holmes. Patriarchal Society Portrayed in the Film Through Fairclough’s Perspective In the film Enola Holmes, the characters depict a patriarchal culture. This film shows how society in the Victorian era of the 19th century despised women, and the patriarchal culture at that time restricted women's freedom to move and act as they wished. Patriarchal Society Portrayed in the Film from Textual Analysis The Feminine Mystique as a Housewife In the Victorian era of the 19th century, the role of women in society had many constraints and limitations based on social and cultural norms. The women's primary role in the Victorian era was generally considered to be mother and wife, who were responsible for running the household, educating the children, and looking after the family's welfare. The household is considered as the primary domain of women. This is also depicted in the Enola Holmes films through Mycroft's character as the brother of Enola Holmes. It leads to the following dialogue: [Mycroft] : “If she taught you so well, you would not be standing in your undergarments before me. You have no hope of making a husband in your current state.” [Enola] : “I do not want a husband! And that is another thing you need to have educated out of you.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The patriarchal society taught women that their responsibility as husbands and mothers is to seek fulfillment; told them how to capture and hold a man, how to breastfeed babies, bake bread, and prepare gourmet snails; how to dress, look, and act more feminine in order to make marriage more fascinating; how to keep their spouses from dying young and their boys from becoming delinquents (Friedan, 1963). According to history, the young girls’ school educates them to marry, have husbands, and become the “Angels of the house.” Mycroft’s sentence, “…You have no hope of making a husband in your current state,” shows that Mycroft wants to make Enola stay on track by sending her to Miss Harrison's finishing school and to be able to grow as a noblewoman and to be a good wife. Thus, she can serve her husband. As a man, what Mycroft did to Enola Holmes was a form of strengthening patriarchal culture. The technique used in the scene above is a medium close-up, focusing only on Mycroft. [Miss Harrison]: “Walk as we show you to. Eyes up! Up, up, up! Speak as we tell you to. What whim led white Whitney to whittle?” [Girls] : “What whim led white Whitney to whittle?” Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 401 [Miss Harrison] : “Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) shows Miss Harrison's character as a woman who strengthens patriarchy by teaching their students to walk, speak, act femininely, think, and laugh politely. Her statement, “Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers, " emphasizes women's role as a wife and mother. Societal standards at that time emphasized the importance of marriage for women. By getting married, women are expected to secure the social and economic status of the family. The Beauty Standards as a Lady The historical picture of stereotypes for women in the 18th century is pictured in the film Enola Holmes. Women were mainly being ruled for how they should dress, which had specific standards as a lady. Women's dress standards were documented in detail from the beginning of the story; it was shown by the dialogue below: [Enola] : “I will not enjoy being imprisoned in those preposterous clothes.” [Miss Harrison] : “These clothes will not imprison. They will free. They will allow you to fit into society, to take part in its numerous pleasures. To catch an eye, to attract.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) According to Figure 4.3, Enola Holmes resisted wearing a corset. Enola Holmes also objects to wearing a corset, saying that a corset is a sign of repression, even though Miss Harrison is forcing her to dress in the way women of that age would have. By saying, “They will allow you to fit into society,” Enola can fit in with society by wearing those clothes because women's clothes have influenced society. Women are also unable to freely choose or make their own decisions since they are required to follow society's standards, as Miss Harrisons explained to Enola and the other students in the minute 01:19:37-01:20:26 “Girls, you are here for one reason... and one reason only. You are here to be made into young ladies”. The shot technique in this scene uses a medium shot that captures the expressions of Miss Harrison and Enola Holmes. Women Must Comply with All the Orders of Men The role of women in the 19th century was as a wife and a mother when they were adults. Their only job is to support their husbands by cooking, cleaning the house, and caring for their kids. Accordingly, they must obey and be obedient to their husband. In Enola Holmes, Mycroft insists on sending her to a personality school because he feels Enola is educated and too wild for women. Enola Holmes does not accept her life being controlled and refuses Mycroft's orders. Enola feels she does not need to go to school anymore because her mother has taught her many things. However, Mycroft was not listening, and his decision remained unanimous. It can be seen in the following dialogue: [Miss Harrison] : “At this school, you will be given a chance to live up to it. And you can begin by closing your mouth. The next time you meet your brothers, they will have reason to be proud of you.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Miss Harrison made it plain that she agreed with the notion that "women must obey Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 402 all orders to be accepted by men" in her words to Enola and the other students. Women need to be perfect to be accepted by men, which indicates gender inequality. It is like women have no choice and live only to serve men. Furthermore, Miss Harrison’s statement in minute 1:20:25, “Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers.” indicates that the society emphasized women to behave feminine so that they will become a housewife- mother. Patriarchal Society Portrayed in the Film from Discourse Practice Text Production The film was directed by Harry Bradbeer from a screenplay by Jack Thorne, adapting the first novel of The Enola Holmes Mysteries series by Nancy Springer, in which the younger sister of the famous detective Sherlock Holmes goes on an adventure after her mother disappears. As a film writer, Jack Thorne believes that patriarchal society results in women being oppressed and suppressed by society, especially by men. This can be seen in the dialogues of Enola Holmes: [Mycroft] : “My God. Look at you. You are in such a mess. Where is your hat and your gloves? [Enola] : “Well, I have a hat. It just makes my head itch. Furthermore, I have no gloves. She has no gloves?” [Sherlock] :“Plainly not, Mycroft.” [Mycroft] : “We did not send for you, silly girl. We sent for the carriage.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The terms "mess" and "silly girl" mean Enola Holmes is an uneducated young lady. These terms indicate how Mycroft strengthens patriarchal society by speaking to Enola Holmes using abusive, authoritarian, and disrespectful terms to express his dislike and disappointment towards Enola. The dialogue indicates that women are considered less worthwhile if their appearance does not follow the standards given by society. According to the text of the film Enola Holmes, the researcher found that the screenwriter describes how men strengthen patriarchy by what they do to women, thus making women oppressed. The discourse created by the film writer is to promote gender equalization. So, it can be concluded that he is a feminist and stands up for women. Patriarchal Society Portrayed in the Film from Sociocultural Practice Situational In Enola Holmes' film, the text was produced when the patriarchal culture inherent in the Victorian era limited women's roles at that time. Society in the 18th century directed women to become wives and mothers when they grew up. They were educated to be able to take care of children, serve their husbands, and do housework. The only goal in life for a woman at that time was to find a husband so that her life would be respectable and measured. It can be seen in the following dialogue between Enola Holmes and Mycroft: [Mycroft] : “You are a young woman now, Enola. You need an education.” [Enola] : “Test me on anything you think I need to know - to be sufficient for this world.” [Mycroft] : “If she taught you so well, you would not be standing in your undergarments before me. You have no hope of making a husband in your current state.” Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 403 [Enola] : “I do not want a husband!” [Mycroft] : “And that is another thing you need to have educated out of you.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The dialogue above illustrates how the 18th-century situational situation happened to women through the portrayal of Mycroft and Enola Holmes in the film. Mycroft's word "husband" to Enola Holmes emphasizes that women were required to get a husband. Besides, the dialogue above also shows Enola's situation as a woman trying to refuse to have a husband. However, it is not easy to break the stigma that exists in society. Institutional In the film, Enola Holmes, an institution that reflects patriarchal norms is the women's educational institution, where Enola Holmes is one of the students. Within this institution, social norms lead to women's limited learning and the development of roles as wives and mothers. It can be seen as follows: [Miss Harrison]: “At my finishing school, you will learn to be a young lady and make many new friends.” [Miss Harrison] : “Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The boarding school institution Mycroft chose to educate Enola influences the discourse between Enola and her headmistress. This dialogue occurs in a boarding school, where specific rules, norms, values, and ideologies require women to be polite, obedient, and subservient to male authority. Social In Enola Holmes, the social level can be found in the dialogue between Enola and Tewkesbury when they are in the London parliament: [Enola] : “Congratulations. You finally look like the nincompoop you were born to be. No. You look good. This is...good.” [Tewkesbury] : “The vote is in an hour. It is, um...It is quite the thing.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Enola Holmes's words to Tewkesbury, "The vote is in an hour," shows how society in the Victorian era had a political reform movement that demanded suffrage for everyone, including women. This influences the discourse that appears in the dialogue. The dialogue shows how Enola and Tewkesbury struggle to create social change by confronting the patriarchal culture in the London parliament, which is dominated by conservative men who reject the reform. Therefore, Enola Holmes does not have a voice and the opportunity to vote because she is a woman. At the same time, Tewkesbury had the voice and opportunity to make history. The dialogue between Enola Holmes and Tewkesbury relates to the social context of the current era, where there is a feminist movement and women's emancipation that demands gender equality in all aspects of life, including in politics. The dialogue reflects social issues that are relevant today, such as feminism and human rights. Power Relation Portrayed in the Film Through Fairclough’s Perspective Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 404 According to (Foucault, 1997), in a relationship or relationship between humans, there will be those who control and those who are controlled. This means that power does not come from outside but from the relationship itself. It can be found in the film Enola Holmes that can be seen as follows: Power Relation Portrayed in the Film from Textual Analysis Relation Between Enola Holmes and Mycroft Enola Holmes is the last of three children in the film Enola Holmes. Two of her brothers are boys named Mycroft and Sherlock. After her mother disappeared, custody of Enola Holmes was taken by Mycroft as he was the eldest brother. This led to power relations in the Holmes family. It can be seen in the following dialogues: [Mycroft] : “What is she up to, Sherlock? I knew she was too old to remarry; she had no passions or ambitions. She had to ensure Enola a decent life and to live her remaining years with dignity. This is my house, not hers, and has been since Father died. She asked for years to bring up Enola here. I gave it. We have two problems, as I see it. One finds a boarding school willing to take Enola on so she will not be a complete failure in this world that I am solving...with the help of an old friend. Moreover, two, finding Mother. The first is my problem, the second I consider yours. [Sherlock] : “Enola may prefer to stay here. You could acquire a governess.” [Mycroft] : “She needs a firm hand, Sherlock.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The culture in Indonesia that persists to this day about the eldest child is that they are the ones who carry a significant role and responsibility. They are responsible for looking after and being role models for their younger siblings. So, if something happens to their younger siblings, they are the first to be held accountable. Furthermore, if the father and mother are gone, an older sibling fully replaces their role to become younger siblings. Mycroft also portrays this in the film Enola Holmes. Mycroft's words, "the first is my problem, the second I consider yours," means that the first problem in the family of finding a boarding school for Enola is Mycroft's responsibility, and the second problem of finding their mother is Sherlock's responsibility. Mycroft was unhappy with how his mother raised Enola, whom he considered wild, disrespectful, and not following the norms of society. Mycroft wanted Enola to be a respectable woman, educated, civilized, and ready for marriage. Therefore, she sent Enola to a boarding school for women, where Enola Holmes would be taught etiquette, manners, and household skills. The dialogue above shows Mycroft's power relation as the eldest brother. Mycroft's sentence, "This is my house, not hers, and has been since Father died," indicates that Mycroft has power over the Holmes family and emphasises her sentence with the term "this is my house" it means the house is entirely Mycroft's. He is entitled to what he has. Mycroft's power dictates actions and desires for Enola Holmes. Through his dialogue with Sherlock, Mycroft's statement, "She needs a firm hand, Sherlock," means that Mycroft does not care about Enola's wishes; he only cares about his will and orders Enola to become an educated lady. The power possessed Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 405 by Mycroft makes Enola restrained and unable to choose her path in life. Relation Between Enola Holmes and Miss Harrison In the film Enola Holmes, the female character Miss Harrison has power over her position as the principal of Miss Harrison's Finishing School for Young Ladies. It can be seen in the following scene: [Miss Harrison] : “You are here for one reason and one reason only. You are here to be made into young ladies. How do we laugh? We laugh politely.” [girls] : “Ha, ha, ha.” [Miss Harrison] : “Ha, ha, ha. You all have the potential, but you are untapped, untested, and most of all, untrained. Walk as we show you to. Eyes up! Up, up, up! Speak as we tell you to. Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) As headmistress, her power can be seen in how Miss Harrison determines the curriculum, rules, and punishments in her school and could influence the future of her students to conform to the standards of Victorian society. Her statement, "Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers," is how Miss Harrison educates the young ladies in her school. Relation Between Enola Holmes and Tewkesbury The character of Tewkesbury in the film Enola Holmes is a young aristocrat with political influence in the British parliament. His power is depicted when Enola Holmes helps the Viscount uncover the truth in Basilwether so that the Suffrage Reform Law can be approved through the Viscount's suffrage, which leads to the following scene: [Enola] : “Congratulations. You finally look like the nincompoop you were born to be. No. You look good. This is...good.” [Tewkesbury] :” The vote is in an hour. It is, um... It is quite the thing.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The term “vote,” in Tewkesbury’s words, emphasized that he expressed his opinion. Tewkesbury was sworn into the House of Lords and voted to implement the reform bill. Tewkesbury's vote was decisive for creating a reform bill that would give all British citizens voting rights in governing the British government. Relation Between Enola Holmes and The Dowager Lady Basilwether The Dowager was a grandmother from Tewkesbury and an English aristocrat involved in a conspiracy to overthrow the British government. With her position, the Dowager has power which can be seen as follows: [Dowager] : “Beautiful. It always felt honored that my family was given this part of England to protect.” [Enola] : “To protect?” [Dowager] : “That is what it is to be an ancestral landowner. As the world becomes increasingly Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 406 unstable, it feels essential that these ideas of England are preserved for the safety and security of the future of our country. [Enola] : “It is lovely here.” [Dowager] : “But you are probably one of those new thinkers. My son was a new thinker, too. Never could focus on what was; it was always about what could be. I suspect my grandson is the same. England's true glory... is what it is. Do you see?” [Enola] : “I can see much beauty.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) In the dialogue between Enola Holmes and the Dowager, we can find the Dowager's power in her statement, "It always felt an honor to me that my family was given this part of England to protect." The Dowager aims to maintain the power of the nobility, especially the Basilwether family. With Tewkesbury's death, her uncle would inherit the House of Lord Basilwether seat. He would vote against the reform bill to maintain the status quo of nobility in the British government. Relation Between Enola Holmes and Her Mother The character Eudoria in the film Enola Holmes is a feminist who defies the norms and rules of patriarchal Victorian Society. Moreover, Eudoria has power as the mother of Enola Holmes. It can be seen in the following explanation: [Eudoria] : “... You will do very well alone”. (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) In the scene above, Eudoria educates and raises Enola Holmes alone without the role of a father. As a mother, Eudoria provides Enola with love, protection, and education. Unlike other mothers, Eudoria teaches Enola to be an independent woman and not depend on men. Moreover, Eudoria taught Enola various skills such as playing chess, tennis, cracking secret codes, and jujitsu. Power Relation Portrayed in the Film from Discourse Practice Text Production Power relations always belong to men because men always try to maintain and strengthen their power in every way possible. It can be seen in the following dialogue: [Mycroft] : Oh, don't worry, little brother. She may have escaped us for now, but I have the best police officers in London looking for a child matching her description. And they will find that stupid little girl and bring her back to us. (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Mycroft uses his position as the eldest brother and wealth as power tools to influence and control others, such as Enola Homes. Mycroft is respected because he has many connections in the political and social world. He could use his authority as Enola Holmes' guardian and his relationships to get Enola Holmes into a girls' school regardless of Enola's wishes. He only wanted to make Enola become an educated young lady. Based on the dialogue in the film, the film writer depicts that men have power while women do not. Instead, men have power over women's lives, which causes injustice in society. The discourse created by the scriptwriter is that he portrays men as someone who dominate, control, and restrict women with their power. Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 407 Power Relation Portrayed in the Film from Sociocultural Practice Situational The situational level is the point that describes the background or context of the movie Enola Holmes, which is 1884 when England was undergoing social and political changes. This change involves two main things, namely the Reform Act of 1884 and the women's movement, which leads to the following scenes: [first man] : “Without this reform, his country is not ours; it is theirs. We must petition the Lords. Moreover, we have not only got to do it for ourselves but for our children! [second man] : “Vote for change!” [man] : “This is our chance! Demand the vote! Vote for all men! (Crowd cheering)- Vote for all men!” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Another scene in the film portrays the Reform Act can be seen as follows: [Mycroft] : “Reform. God help us. If there is one thing this country does not need, it is more uneducated voters. England is going to pot.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The movie Enola Holmes is set in 1884 during the Victorian era when Britain underwent significant social and political changes. The 1884 Reform Act (strictly the Representation of the People Act 1884, though it was also known as the Third Reform Act) was the third reform to Britain's system of voting in the Nineteenth Century. The act aimed to extend the vote to more men from the working class. However, it did not give the vote to women, who were still considered second-class citizens. The law also caused debate and opposition between groups that supported or opposed it. Another situational in the movie Enola Holmes can be seen as follows: [Eudoria] : “Right, ladies, to conclude: our choices. The bankmen met, entangle herb - Ellie Houseman.” [Woman] :” Ooh, marvelous.” [Eudoria] : “Are we all agreed? Yes?” [Women] : “Yes.” [Eudoria] : “Ellie Houseman.” [Woman] : “Of course.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) On the other hand, the women's movement began to evolve and demanded gender equality in education, employment, marriage, and voting rights. This movement began to develop in the 18th century and increased in the 19th century, especially in Britain and the United States. The movement involved various groups and strategies, ranging from peaceful petitions to violent protests. Moreover, the women's movement was influenced by the ideas of feminists John Stuart Mill and Mary Wollstonecraft. Institutional At the institutional level, the movie Enola Holmes features several institutions involved in the power relations between men and women. Namely the House of Lords and finishing school Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 408 for young ladies, which can be seen in the following explanation: [Enola] : “Congratulations. You finally look like the nincompoop you were born to be. No. You look good. This is...good.” [Tewkesbury] : “The vote is in an hour. It is, um...It is quite the thing.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The House of Lords is the British upper legislature of male royals. The House of Lords has the power to approve or reject laws proposed by the House of Commons, the more democratic lower legislature. In this movie, the House of Lords becomes a battleground between groups that support or oppose the Reform Act of 1884. The act aimed to extend suffrage to more working-class men. The House of Lords represented the interests and views of the upper class and conservatives, who wanted to maintain the status quo and their dominance over the lower class and progressives. The House of Lords also represented male power over women, as they did not grant women the right to vote. Another institution in the film Enola Holmes related to power relations is finishing school for young ladies, which leads to the following explanation: [Miss Harrison] : “You are here for one reason and one reason only. You are here to be made into young ladies. How do we laugh? We laugh politely.” [girls] : “Ha, ha, ha.” [Miss Harrison] : “Ha, ha, ha. You all have the potential, but you are untapped, untested, and most of all, untrained. Walk as we show you to. Eyes up! Up, up, up! Speak as we tell you to. Act, think, be as we tell you, and you will become acceptable wives and responsible mothers.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Miss Harrison's school of women is where Mycroft forces Enola to learn to be an educated young lady in order to fit the standards of Victorian society. This school symbolises the power of men to control and limit women. Victorian ladies' schools taught women how to embroider, speak, behave, dress, and be good wives and mothers. The school did not respect women's desires as individuals; women were only used as objects and tools for men. Social Gender roles and social class are social aspects related to the power relations that lead in the movie Enola Holmes: [Linthorn] : “I will ask you this only once. Where is the marquess?” [Enola] : “Now, who would that be? We went our separate ways. I have not seen him. I have nothing to do with him.” [Linthorn] : “That’s a shame. (Enola breathing heavily) Well, you have seen my face now.” [Enola] : “No, your face is unmemorable!” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) In the Victorian era, gender roles were very unfair. Men and women were portrayed differently. Society expected men to be strong, Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 409 intelligent, brave, and powerful. So, men were considered to have important and powerful roles, such as being the head of the family and political leader. Men have more freedom and rights than women. On the other hand, women are expected to be weak, stupid, fearful, and obedient human beings, which can be seen in the movie Enola Holmes: [Enola] : “(Enola grunting and yelling)” [Linthorn] :”(grunts) (Enola breathes heavily)” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Based on the scene above, women are depicted as male servants or followers. Through the character of Enola Holmes, women are portrayed as weak humans. Moreover, in the Victorian era, women were wives and mothers required to care for the household. Women's rights and freedoms were not equal to men. In addition, social class in the Victorian era is very clearly depicted in the movie Enola Holmes. It can be seen as follows: [Enola] : “The outside world was not one of them. However, here I am, at the center of civilization. The home of polite society of music, of literature. Lords debate reform bill! Moreover, the finest things that money can buy.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Economic, political, and cultural status are factors in the classification of social classes in Victorian society, which aims to determine a person's position. Based on its level, social class is divided into three: upper, middle, and lower class. The upper class is the high-class society. This class consisted of aristocrats and influenced the Victorian era. The middle class was a group of businessmen, merchants, and civil servants. The lower class was the class of society that suffered the most, consisting of laborers, peasants, and the unemployed. They had no power or access to politics, but the lower class could challenge the upper class by participating in gender equalization. The Relation between Patriarchal Society and Power Relation Portrayed in the Film Through Fairclough’s Perspective Patriarchy and power relations are related and interconnected because patriarchy affects power relations between men and women, between women and women, and between men and men. It leads to the following explanation: The Relation between Patriarchal Society and Power Relation Portrayed in the Film from Textual Analysis The patriarchal society creates power relations between men as oppressors and women who are oppressed. It can be seen in the following dialogues of the movie Enola Holmes: [Mycroft] : “I want you to be happy. (crying)” [Enola] : “No.” [Enola: “You want you to be happy. You want me controlled. Because otherwise you think I will affect your standing.” [Mycroft] : “You already have done immense damage. As has that errant brother of ours.” [Enola] : “Let me out of this carriage. I will deny I am your sister to whoever asks, and I will do it with pleasure. (yelling)” [Mycroft] : “You are my ward! Moreover, you will do as you are told!” Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 410 (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) Enola and Mycroft's dialogue shows how patriarchy and power relations are depicted in Enola Holmes. Enola's character experiences psychological oppression. There is a power relationship between Enola Holmes and Mycroft, namely between the eldest brother and sister and the oppressor and the oppressed. This can be seen through Enola's words, "You want me controlled." As an oppressor and eldest brother, Mycroft can impose his will and desires on Enola without thinking about how Enola wants to live freely and independently. The Relation between Patriarchal Society and Power Relation Portrayed in the Film Discourse Practice In the movie, the discourse that the author wants to convey is that women are free to choose their education and decide whether to get married or not. Another scene of patriarchal society and power relations can be seen as follows: [Enola] : “could not go to my local station, of course, so I chose a different line altogether. With my brothers after me, there is no telling where they would search.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) By the mid-nineteenth century, dressing rule for women was a crucial issue. Corsets became increasingly "mandatory" for women. Unlike men, women’s dresses used gloves, hats, light pastel colors, ribbons, lace, and bows showing their frivolousness. In the film Enola Holmes, Enola wears a male outfit and goes to find her mother alone. She did it because she pretended to hide from her brothers to be a man. Mycroft’s statement, “My God. Look at you. You are in such a mess. Where is your hat and your gloves?” in the minutes 00:06:10 indicates that patriarchal society forces women to dress well. Meanwhile, the character 4.36 Enola does not differentiate gender roles. In the movie, the author wants to show that women can wear any clothes regardless of gender. Then, women are equal to men. The Relation between Patriarchal Society and Power Relation Portrayed in the Film from Sociocultural Practice Situational The film Enola Holmes reflects the historical issues of women’s rights, feminism in Victorian, and the Reform Act of 1884, which was a crucial step towards women’s suffrage in Britain. It leads to the following explanation: [Enola] : “Mycroft was right. You are dangerous. And Sherlock was right too. You do have a plan. (Dramatic music plays). What are you planning, Mother? Do I want to find you?” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The right for women to vote in elections is known as women's suffrage, as depicted in a pamphlet found by Enola at Limehouse Lane in Figure 4.25. The women's suffrage movement in Victorian England is portrayed in the film Enola Holmes as a struggle and a movement of women who claimed political and individual rights in a patriarchal culture that tried to restrict and control them. The film demonstrates how Eudora, Enola's mother, is a radical feminist suffragette activist who participates in a plot to blow up the parliament and how Enola herself supports the Reform Act of 1884, which was a significant step toward women's suffrage in Britain as can be seen in the following dialogue: [first man] : “Without this reform, his country is not ours; it is theirs. We must petition the Lords. Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 411 Furthermore, we have not only got to do it for ourselves but for our children! [second man] : “Vote for change!” [man] : “This is our chance! Demand the vote! Vote for all men! – (crowd cheering) Vote for all men! (Transcripts, 2020) The Third Reform Act, often known as the Representation of the People Act, was a British law established in 1884. It is portrayed as the reform act in the movie Enola Holmes. The legislation attempted to ensure that more votes were meaningful and to give the right to vote to a wider demographic than ever before. It was supported by William Gladstone's liberal administration in the face of resistance from the House of Lords and the Conservative party. The measure was a significant step in the 1918 achievement of women's suffrage in Britain. Institutional Institutions in the movie Enola Holmes that show the relationship between patriarchal society and power relations can be seen as follows: [Enola] : “And yet we were always together] My father died when I was young. I do not remember him. Moreover, both my brothers left home soon after. I barely remember them, either. So, then it was just the two of us, and it was wonderful. She was not an ordinary mother. She didn't teach me to string seashells or practice my embroidery. We did different things. Reading, science, sports, all sorts of exercise, both physical.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The Holmes family, a social institution, had an impact on how Enola grew her personality and sense of self. Enola was educated by her mother Eudoria, who taught feminist beliefs as well as a variety of skills and knowledge. Mycroft and Sherlock, Enola's two older brothers, each have a unique perspective on the place of women in society. Mycroft is more traditional and wants Enola to be a polite, obedient woman, whereas Sherlock is more compassionate and appreciates Enola's abilities as a detective. Another institution is portrayed in the film as follows: An educational institution that aims to reinforce patriarchal social values in its students is a boarding school for women. Miss Harrison, the head of the school, is a woman who upholds standards and rules. The school prepares the girls to be respectable, obedient, well-behaved, and marriageable women. Additionally, the school prevents girls from learning subjects like science, martial arts, or politics that are considered inappropriate for female students. Not only a finishing school for young ladies, but a British government also portrayed in the film Enola Holmes, which leads to the following explanation: [Sherlock] : “Lestrade? Lestrade.” [Lestrade ] :“Ah...Sherlock Holmes. We meet again. Please.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The British government is the institution of state that oversees laws and policies in the UK. This government is dominated by conservative Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 412 men who oppose social and political change. It also tried to stop the suffragette movement by repressive means, such as arrest, persecution, or murder. In addition, the suffragette movement is portrayed in the film as can be seen in the following scene: [Eudoria] : “Right, ladies, to conclude: our choices. The bankmen met, entangle herb - Ellie Houseman.” [Woman] :” Ooh, marvelous.” [Eudoria] : “Are we all agreed? Yes?” [Women] : “Yes.” [Eudoria] : “Ellie Houseman.” [Woman] : “Of course.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) The suffragette movement was a political institution that fought for women's rights, especially suffrage. The movement was led by Eudoria Holmes and several other women dissatisfied with Britain's social and political conditions. The movement used various means to voice its aspirations, from peaceful demonstrations to radical actions such as bomb explosions. The movement was also involved in the disappearance of Lord Tewksbury, a young aristocrat who supported political reform. Social Society's culture in the Victorian era affects how discourse is produced in the movie Enola Holmes; in the social, it can be seen as follows: [Eudoria] : “You must make some noise to be heard. Oh, it is funny. I thought...I was the one that was going to change the world. The reform bill, is it actually what you did? [Enola] : [chuckles][sniffles] [Eudoria] : “What a woman you have become.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) According to Figure 4.30, female characters such as Enola Holmes, Eudoria Holmes, and Edith Grayston are women who fight for political, economic, personal, and social rights and equality between men and women. Feminism assumes that society favors men over women, and women are often treated unfairly. It also led to the power held by men to dominate women. This can be seen in the British government: [Sherlock] : “Lestrade? Lestrade.” [Lestrade] : “Ah...Sherlock Holmes. We meet again. Please.” (Forever Dreaming Transcripts, 2020) In figure 4.31, men dominate the British government, where no woman gets a chance in that place. This shows that women do not have the same rights as men. In addition, the British government, led by men, also has power over decisions for Britain. The movie Enola Holmes is depicted as a way of overcoming stereotypes and patriarchal norms that limit the role and position of women in society. The movie conveys that women have the same rights and abilities as men. Bintang Priyanto Putri, et al./ English Education Journal 13 (3) (2023) 398-413 413 CONCLUSION Patriarchal society creates power relations between the oppressor and the oppressed. It causes injustice in society between men and women. Power relations are depicted through the main character, Enola Holmes' relation with the people around her, and it belongs to men. The film is created by considering the culture that existed during the Victorian era. It reflects the historical issues of women's rights, feminism in Victorian, and the Reform Act of 1884. The discourse produced in this text is that patriarchy is such a bad thing that it must be thrown away. Therefore, women should be given more space and space in society. The scriptwriter wants his readers to hate men and patriarchal society; they will support feminism and gender equality. REFERENCES Fairclough, N. (1995). Fairclough-Norman- Critical-Discourse-Analysis.-The-Critical- Study-of-Language. Forever Dreaming Transcripts. (2020). Forever Dreaming Transcripts Enola Holmes. Friedan, B. (1963). The Feminine Mystique. Heffernan, C. (2021). ‘A strong woman’s troubles’: Victorina and the strong woman in Victorian Britain. Women’s History Review, 30(3), 354–374. Transcripts, F. D. (2020). Transcripts - Forever Dreaming :: Enola Holmes ( 2020 ).