id	sid	eid	entity	type
eltls-55868	1	1	english	LANGUAGE
eltls-55868	1	2	2640-9836	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	1	3	issn 2640-9844	PERSON
eltls-55868	2	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	2	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	2	3	2025	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	2	4	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls 24	LAW
eltls-55868	2	5	1 xi’an	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	2	6	university of science &technology	ORG
eltls-55868	2	7	xi’an	GPE
eltls-55868	2	8	shaanxi	GPE
eltls-55868	2	9	710060	DATE
eltls-55868	2	10	china	GPE
eltls-55868	2	11	434813040@qq.com	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	2	12	february 18, 2025	DATE
eltls-55868	2	13	march 11	DATE
eltls-55868	2	14	2025	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	2	15	march 17	DATE
eltls-55868	2	16	2025	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	7	1	1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	9	1	the past decade	DATE
eltls-55868	10	1	liu &	ORG
eltls-55868	10	2	english	LANGUAGE
eltls-55868	11	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	11	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	11	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	11	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	11	5	25 zhang	QUANTITY
eltls-55868	11	6	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	12	1	liu	PERSON
eltls-55868	12	2	zhang	PERSON
eltls-55868	12	3	nlp	ORG
eltls-55868	12	4	92%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	12	5	turkish	NORP
eltls-55868	12	6	korean	NORP
eltls-55868	14	1	1.1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	15	1	heffernan & heffernan	ORG
eltls-55868	15	2	2014	DATE
eltls-55868	16	1	heffernan	PERSON
eltls-55868	17	1	carnegie learning’s	ORG
eltls-55868	17	2	2x	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	18	1	miller	ORG
eltls-55868	18	2	2024	DATE
eltls-55868	18	3	miller	ORG
eltls-55868	18	4	94%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	19	1	huang & kim	ORG
eltls-55868	19	2	2024	DATE
eltls-55868	20	1	huang	PERSON
eltls-55868	20	2	35%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	20	3	sdt	ORG
eltls-55868	21	1	sdt	ORG
eltls-55868	21	2	feng & liu	ORG
eltls-55868	21	3	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	22	1	feng	PERSON
eltls-55868	22	2	sdt	ORG
eltls-55868	23	1	chen et al.	PERSON
eltls-55868	23	2	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	24	1	chen	PERSON
eltls-55868	24	2	89%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	24	3	arabic	NORP
eltls-55868	25	1	35%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	27	1	gao & chen	ORG
eltls-55868	27	2	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	28	1	gao	PERSON
eltls-55868	28	2	european	NORP
eltls-55868	28	3	china	GPE
eltls-55868	28	4	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	29	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	29	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	29	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	29	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	29	5	26	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	29	6	russia	GPE
eltls-55868	30	1	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	30	2	oecd	ORG
eltls-55868	30	3	67%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	31	1	kang & lin	ORG
eltls-55868	31	2	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	32	1	kang	PERSON
eltls-55868	32	2	mandarin chatbot study	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	32	3	beijing	GPE
eltls-55868	33	1	3.2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	34	1	1.2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	34	2	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	36	1	2018	DATE
eltls-55868	36	2	first	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	36	3	2-second	TIME
eltls-55868	37	1	28%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	38	1	first	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	38	2	only 61%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	38	3	89%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	40	1	2011	DATE
eltls-55868	40	2	72	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	40	3	second	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	41	1	0.41	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	41	2	cohen’s d	LAW
eltls-55868	41	3	37%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	42	1	0.18	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	45	1	third	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	45	2	chen	PERSON
eltls-55868	45	3	lin	PERSON
eltls-55868	45	4	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	45	5	53 million	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	46	1	28%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	47	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	48	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	48	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	48	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	48	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	48	5	27	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	48	6	spanish	NORP
eltls-55868	48	7	23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	50	1	one	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	51	1	wu	PERSON
eltls-55868	51	2	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	51	3	18-month	DATE
eltls-55868	51	4	120	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	52	1	6 months	DATE
eltls-55868	53	1	82%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	53	2	58%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	56	1	chen et al	PERSON
eltls-55868	56	2	2025	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	57	1	61%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	57	2	asr/tts	ORG
eltls-55868	61	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	62	1	first	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	63	1	second	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	63	2	2016-2022	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	63	3	sdt	ORG
eltls-55868	63	4	wu	PERSON
eltls-55868	63	5	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	64	1	third	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	66	1	four	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	66	2	1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	66	3	78%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	66	4	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english language	TIME
eltls-55868	67	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	67	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	67	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	67	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	67	5	28	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	68	1	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	68	2	3	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	68	3	4	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	68	4	sla	ORG
eltls-55868	69	1	chen & lin’s	ORG
eltls-55868	69	2	zhang & wu’s	ORG
eltls-55868	71	1	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	71	2	two	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	72	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	72	2	week 8	DATE
eltls-55868	72	3	week 16	DATE
eltls-55868	72	4	four	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	74	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	76	1	xapi	NORP
eltls-55868	77	1	20	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	81	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	82	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	82	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	82	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	82	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	82	5	29	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	82	6	45db	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	82	7	99%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	85	1	2.1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	87	1	6.3.04	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	87	2	9	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	88	1	17	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	88	2	weekly	DATE
eltls-55868	89	1	27	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	89	2	30-second	TIME
eltls-55868	90	1	one	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	93	1	2.2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	93	2	second	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	94	1	1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	94	2	weekly	DATE
eltls-55868	95	1	four	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	95	2	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls	LANGUAGE
eltls-55868	95	3	english	LANGUAGE
eltls-55868	96	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	96	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	96	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	96	4	scholink inc.	ORG
eltls-55868	96	5	30	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	96	6	weekly	DATE
eltls-55868	99	1	sm58	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	99	2	16	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	102	1	3.10	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	103	1	docker	PERSON
eltls-55868	104	1	2.3	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	105	1	chi-square	PERSON
eltls-55868	107	1	cohen	PERSON
eltls-55868	107	2	0.5	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	107	3	0.8	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	107	4	95%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	107	5	1,000	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	108	1	weekly	DATE
eltls-55868	111	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	114	1	apa	PERSON
eltls-55868	115	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english language	TIME
eltls-55868	116	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	116	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	116	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	116	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	116	5	31 3	DATE
eltls-55868	116	6	3.1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	117	1	1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	117	2	23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	117	3	11%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	119	1	19%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	120	1	1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	121	1	cohen’s	LAW
eltls-55868	122	1	+23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	2	+11%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	3	0.42	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	122	4	+18%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	5	+7%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	6	0.51	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	122	7	+15%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	8	+9%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	9	0.38	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	122	10	+23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	11	+17%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	12	0.45	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	122	13	+23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	14	+11%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	15	0.42	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	122	16	+18%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	17	+7%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	18	18%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	122	19	cohen’s d=0.51	ORG
eltls-55868	123	1	32%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	123	2	/ɪ/	ORG
eltls-55868	123	3	2.4	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	124	1	50ms	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	125	1	38%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	127	1	21%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	127	2	15%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	127	3	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	128	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	128	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	128	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	128	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	128	5	32	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	128	6	27%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	129	1	vygotskian	NORP
eltls-55868	129	2	zpds	GPE
eltls-55868	129	3	80%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	129	4	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	130	1	3.2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	130	2	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	131	1	35%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	131	2	weekly	DATE
eltls-55868	132	1	92%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	132	2	daily	DATE
eltls-55868	132	3	14 days	DATE
eltls-55868	133	1	28%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	133	2	67%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	133	3	39%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	133	4	58%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	133	5	21%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	135	1	72%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	135	2	chronotypes—42%	ORG
eltls-55868	135	3	morning	TIME
eltls-55868	135	4	evening	TIME
eltls-55868	135	5	9%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	136	1	23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	137	1	37%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	137	2	68%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	137	3	29%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	139	1	β=0.18/week	DATE
eltls-55868	142	1	3.3	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	143	1	85%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	143	2	92%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	143	3	54%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	144	1	impactful—78%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	144	2	duolingo	ORG
eltls-55868	144	3	63%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	145	1	31%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	147	1	34%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	147	2	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english language	TIME
eltls-55868	148	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	148	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	148	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	148	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	148	5	33	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	148	6	development—62%	PERSON
eltls-55868	149	1	28%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	150	1	cefr c1+	PERSON
eltls-55868	150	2	frustration—41%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	155	1	4	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	156	1	six	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	156	2	60/40	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	158	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	159	1	4.1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	159	2	second	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	159	3	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	160	1	first	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	160	2	43%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	161	1	23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	162	1	second	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	162	2	vietnamese	NORP
eltls-55868	162	3	english	LANGUAGE
eltls-55868	162	4	2.8	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	162	5	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	163	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	163	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	163	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	163	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	163	5	34	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	164	1	third	ORDINAL
eltls-55868	164	2	80%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	164	3	37%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	164	4	linear syllabi	ORG
eltls-55868	166	1	21%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	167	1	japanese	NORP
eltls-55868	168	1	60/40	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	169	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	170	1	0.75x	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	170	2	85%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	171	1	beijing	GPE
eltls-55868	171	2	taiwan	GPE
eltls-55868	171	3	29%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	172	1	92%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	172	2	tim	PERSON
eltls-55868	172	3	4.2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	174	1	vygotskian	NORP
eltls-55868	177	1	three	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	177	2	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english	PRODUCT
eltls-55868	178	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	178	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	178	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	178	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	178	5	35	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	183	1	5	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	184	1	23%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	184	2	18%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	184	3	21%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	185	1	two	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	185	2	94%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	186	1	six-month	DATE
eltls-55868	187	1	6.7%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	187	2	monthly	DATE
eltls-55868	187	3	89%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	187	4	22%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	189	1	60%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	189	2	40%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	189	3	31%	PERCENT
eltls-55868	192	1	english	LANGUAGE
eltls-55868	193	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	193	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	193	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	193	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	193	5	36	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	194	1	the ministry of education	ORG
eltls-55868	194	2	2024	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	194	3	beijing	GPE
eltls-55868	194	4	zhenglong digital technology co.	ORG
eltls-55868	195	1	chen, h., & lin	ORG
eltls-55868	195	2	x.	GPE
eltls-55868	195	3	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	197	1	437	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	198	1	chen	PERSON
eltls-55868	198	2	m., zhang	PERSON
eltls-55868	198	3	& yang	GPE
eltls-55868	198	4	x.	GPE
eltls-55868	198	5	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	200	1	18(4	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	200	2	134-150	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	201	1	feng	ORG
eltls-55868	201	2	s., & liu	ORG
eltls-55868	201	3	j.	PERSON
eltls-55868	201	4	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	203	1	115(2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	203	2	189	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	204	1	gao	PERSON
eltls-55868	204	2	& chen	PERSON
eltls-55868	204	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	206	1	9(2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	206	2	49	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	207	1	a., & mcnamara	ORG
eltls-55868	207	2	2018	DATE
eltls-55868	209	1	educational technology research & development	ORG
eltls-55868	209	2	66(3	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	209	3	345	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	210	1	heffernan	PERSON
eltls-55868	210	2	n., & heffernan	ORG
eltls-55868	210	3	2014	DATE
eltls-55868	212	1	72	DATE
eltls-55868	212	2	20	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	213	1	huang, h., & kim	ORG
eltls-55868	213	2	s.	PERSON
eltls-55868	213	3	2024	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	215	1	educational technology & society	ORG
eltls-55868	215	2	27(1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	215	3	70-84	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	216	1	kang	PERSON
eltls-55868	216	2	j., & lin	ORG
eltls-55868	216	3	2025	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	218	1	8(1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	218	2	31	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	219	1	liu	PERSON
eltls-55868	219	2	& zhang	PERSON
eltls-55868	219	3	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	221	1	102	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	222	1	miller	ORG
eltls-55868	222	2	c.	PERSON
eltls-55868	222	3	2023	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	224	1	60	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	225	1	miller	ORG
eltls-55868	225	2	2024	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	227	1	15(1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	227	2	43	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	228	1	k. (	PERSON
eltls-55868	228	2	2011	DATE
eltls-55868	230	1	21(1	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	230	2	1-20	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	231	1	xie	PERSON
eltls-55868	231	2	l., & wu	ORG
eltls-55868	231	3	z.	PERSON
eltls-55868	231	4	2024	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	233	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/eltls english language	TIME
eltls-55868	234	1	7	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	234	2	2	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	234	3	2025	DATE
eltls-55868	234	4	scholink inc	ORG
eltls-55868	234	5	37	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	234	6	21(3	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	234	7	88	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	235	1	bio xuanling lü	PERSON
eltls-55868	235	2	june 1976	DATE
eltls-55868	235	3	han chinese	NORP
eltls-55868	235	4	xi’an	GPE
eltls-55868	235	5	shaanxi	GPE
eltls-55868	236	1	1 xi’an	CARDINAL
eltls-55868	236	2	university of science &technology	ORG
eltls-55868	236	3	langu	ORG