ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 795 BEYOND THE GAME: INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ATTITUDES TOWARD INDONESIA'S CANCELLATION OF THE U20 WORLD CUP Fikry Prastya Syahputra (Corresponding Author) English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Email: fikryprastya@usu.ac.id Rohani Ganie English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Email: rohani@usu.ac.id Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo Library and Science Information Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Email: rasyidridlo28@gmail.com Bayu Febrilliandika Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan Email: t111378403@ntut.edu.tw APA sCitation: Syahputra, F. P., Ganie, R., Ridlo, M. R., & Febrilliandika, B. (2024). Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup. English sReview: sJournal sof sEnglish sEducation, s12(2), 795-810. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v12i2.8761 Received: 23-02-2024 Accepted: 27-04-2024 Published: 30-06-2024 INTRODUCTION The cancellation of the U20 World Cup in Indonesia was an event that caused loads of speculation and shocked both domestic and international news. Many foreign newspapers (specifically online) composed an article regarding this event. As the source of the event, Indonesian people need to scrutinize The cancellation of the U20 World Cup in Indonesia was an event that caused loads of speculation and shocked both domestic and international news. Many foreign newspapers (specifically online) composed an article regarding this event (Alwohaibi & Alyousef, 2023). As the source of the event, Indonesian people need to scrutinize this news because, from it, they can understand the attitudes of foreign countries/governments towards Indonesian government's policies. As it is part of editorial strategy that one news article is conveying certain ideologies (Alghazo et al., 2023; Thahara et al., 2024). The recent rejection of Israel's participation in the U-20 World Cup has sparked considerable debate, drawing historical parallels with President Abstract: In March 2023, Indonesia was confronted with a situation that was also a worldwide concern. The hosting of the U20 World Cup in Indonesia has been cancelled. The Reasoning of FIFA to cancel Indonesia’s U-20 World Cup Host status because Indonesia refused the participation of the State of Israel in this U20 World Cup. The country has been vocal in its support for the Palestinian people and has called for an end to Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories. This study, however, did not focus on the reasons why this could happen but rather the attitudes of the world's newspapers in reporting on the subject. It is significant because, as a nation which constantly seeking global recognition, Indonesia should be introspective by understanding the global community's perspectives on the problems that exist in Indonesia, which can be illustrated by news about Indonesia that exists in foreign newspapers. Furthermore, attitude analysis can be done using Appraisal Theory. This study sampled three articles from online news: BBC, CNA, and The Straits Times. The data were analyzed by adopting a mix-method. The results obtained that the three news articles had negative attitudes perspective. Furthermore, the findings of this study's analysis can be used as teaching material for language and communication students interested in becoming journalists or writing articles for print and online publications. Keywords: appraisal theory; attitudes; Indonesia World Cup; newspaper article; World Cup U20. Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rohani Ganie, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, & Bayu Febrilliandika Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup 796 Sukarno's stance during the 1962 Asian Games. This comparison raises questions about the relevance of past political actions in contemporary sports events (Lumbanrau, 2023). Understanding the emotional and psychological underpinnings of such decisions can be approached through the appraisal theory of emotion, which offers insights into how individuals evaluate and respond to significant events (Moors, 2020).Furthermore, there is still little research on the U20 World Cup cancellation in Indonesia. Even though many aspects can be studied, starting from the economic impact, the impact of foreign relations, how the government deal with the issues circulating this matter, and others. However, when you search the Internet, very few come up, and one of them is research from Alvin (2023) which discusses Jokowi's Instagram emotions after Indonesia's cancellation as U-20 World Cup host. Apart from that, no one has raised the theme of this. Considering the widespread coverage of this event, both in domestic and foreign news media, it is necessary to overlook how the foreign media reported this event. One research that can be applied is to identify the attitudes perspective of several online newspapers owned by foreign media. A lot of research has been done on newspaper articles, both from the relationship between a particular ideology (Thahara et al., 2024), Critical Discourse Analysis (Risdaneva, 2018; Jin, 2019; Almayouf, 2021), to assist corpus- based study on linguistic (Cavasso & Taboada, 2021; He & Rahim, 2019), as well as others linguistics related study (Nurlin, 2018). In addition, there is also research on the Attitudes of newspaper editors/authors/contributors embodied in their articles (Alhabib, 2020; Asad et al., 2021; Prastikawati, 2021; Puspita & Pranoto, 2021; Mirzaaghabeyk, 2022; Sekarsari et al., 2024; Thahara et al., 2024). Identifying the Attitudes of a newspaper article can be done through appraisal analysis (Martin & Rose, 2007; Martin & White, 2005; White, 2015, Wondra & Ellsworth, 2015). In linguistic studies, appraisal is defined as a system of interpersonal meaning aimed at exploring, describing, and explaining how language is used to evaluate, adopt stances, construct textual personas, and manage positioning and relationships (White, 2015). The appraisal theory focuses on the linguistic resources speakers or texts use to express, normalize, and represent inter-subjective meanings (Tallapessy, 2015; Wei et al., 2015; Nazhira, T. Silvana Sinar & Suriyadi, 2016). This theory broadly addresses emotion, judgment, and attitude, offering resources that clearly and interpersonally convey a text's recommendations (Hadidi & Mohammadbagheri- parvin, 2015; Young & Harrison, 2004). Recent studies have expanded on appraisal theory. For instance, Grieve and Woodfield (2023) explored the use of evaluative language in fake news, demonstrating how different appraisal resources are used to either entertain or disclaim information, thus manipulating readers (Grieve & Woodfield, 2023). Kaltenbacher (2023) analyzed implicit appraisal in institutional texts, revealing how subtle evaluative cues influence reader interpretation in EU migration documents (Kaltenbacher, 2023). Dong and Fang (2023) discussed the application of the engagement network in appraisal theory to annotate speaker- writer stance, highlighting multisubjectivity in contemporary media communication (Dong & Fang, 2023). Further supporting studies include Economou (2019), who examined evaluative meanings in multimodal texts and found that visual elements often complement verbal appraisal to enhance persuasive impact (Economou, 2019). Hamby and Jones (2022) investigated emotional engagement in narrative persuasion, showing that appraisal resources significantly affect audience response (Hamby & Jones, 2022). Ross and Caldwell (2020) analyzed the rhetoric of Donald Trump on Twitter, demonstrating how appraisal theory can be used to understand the construction of political personas and the strategic use of negative evaluations (Ross & Caldwell, 2020). Additionally, Troiano, Oberländer, and Klinger (2023) contributed to the field by examining the dimensional modeling of emotions in text through appraisal theories, emphasizing the importance of robust data annotation and prediction methods in computational linguistics (Troiano et al., 2023). Furthermore, according to Martin & White (2005), appraisal theory is structured around three main areas: attitude, engagement, and graduation. Attitude pertains to our feelings, including behavior, emotional responses, judgments, and valuation of things. Engagement involves capturing the attitudes and behaviors of various voices and viewpoints within a conversation. Graduation deals with the extent and intensity of feelings, categorizing them in nuanced ways. The accompanying graphic illustrates the appraisal theory; ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 797 Figure 1. Taxonomy of appraisal analysis (Martin & White, 2005) chart adopted from (Ángeles & Llopis, 2018) This theory can also be applied to other objects, not just news in newspapers. These include speech texts (Alhabib, 2020; Sekarsari et al., 2024), letters (Abdulkarim & Maha, 2023), literary works (Pasaribu, 2020), translation studies (Liu et al., 2022), and scientific articles (Fitriati & Solihah, 2019; He & Rahim, 2019). Furthermore, this research focused on analysis raises the Attitude of newspaper writers and editors in responding to or reporting on certain events. Attitude analysis is not only used to analyze newspaper articles but can also be applied in various discourses. For example, there is research that highlights the attitude of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO), as stated in his apology letter after dismissing most of his employees due to the covid- 19 pandemic (Syahputra & Shafiira, 2022). Next, research reveals the attitudes of tourism website developers in writing content on the website (Isti’anah, 2020). Both of these research applied appraisal theory. Thus, according to the findings of the attitude analysis of a discourse in the previous articles, some of the benefits that can be acquired are as follows: 1) The ability to improve existing writing by evaluating it (Isti’anah, 2020). 2) Be able to find out the ideology of the newspaper (Asad et al., 2021; Puspita & Pranoto, 2021; Risdaneva, 2018). For example, newspaper X highlights the logic of why the U20 WC was cancelled in Indonesia. Meanwhile, newspaper Y focuses more on the process of changing hosts and the continuation of the U20 WC. 3) Can be used as material to teach how to write articles that can be published in the media (Prastikawati, 2021). Becoming a writer is one of the profiles of graduate students in the field of language studies. Therefore, based on the explanation above, this study aims to identify the attitudes of foreign newspapers regarding the news of Indonesia's cancellation of the U20 World Cup host. The research results are expected to map the perspectives of other nations towards the policies taken by the Indonesian government. As a nation which constantly seeking global recognition, Indonesia should be introspective by understanding the global community's perspectives on the problems that exist in Indonesia, which can be illustrated by news about Indonesia that exists in foreign newspapers. In addition, the results of this research are expected to be teaching materials for students majoring in Language or Communication to write good news articles. METHOD This research approach is a mix-method of qualitative and quantitative methods. The mix- method was chosen because it cannot conclude by only one result of the analysis process. In qualitative research, researchers investigate how individuals understand and interpret themselves and others, as well as how they organize and assign meaning to their daily lives (Hox & Boeije, 2005). The results of the analysis using a qualitative approach which is more subjective are validated with the results from quantitative analysis which tends to be objective. The qualitative method was employed to analyze utterances categorized into three attitude domains: affect, judgment, and appreciation. The quantitative method was used to calculate and report the frequencies and percentages of the analyzed data. According to Aliaga and Gunderson (2002) “Quantitative research involves investigating a social problem by collecting numerical data and analyzing it using mathematical methods, particularly statistics.” The results of these two analyses are combined to draw the research results that answer the problems raised. In addition, the research data comes from three online news websites, namely: 1) BBC Sport published in 29th of March 2023 by Yara El- Shaboury with the title “FIFA: Indonesia stripped of right to host Under-20 World Cup”. 2) Nikkei Asia published in 11th of April 2023 by Koya Jibiki with the title “Indonesia U-20 World Cup cancellation sparks political backlash”. 3) The Times of Israel published in 26th of March 2023 by Graham Dunbar with the title “Indonesia’s tensions with Israel force delay of FIFA U20 World Cup draw”. The research data is all the utterances in the three articles. These utterances can be words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rohani Ganie, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, & Bayu Febrilliandika Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup 798 Furthermore, the research collecting method includes both primary and secondary data collection method. Primary data refers to original, firsthand information collected directly by the researcher. In contrast, secondary data consists of information obtained from existing sources that were collected by others. The primary data collection includes observation and interview. Final stage, the data are taken in the form of news texts which were uploaded to the UAM Corpus Tool. The data includes the word, phrases, or clauses that are selected from several international news sites. The data analysis is focused on the attitude subcategory of appraisal from Martin & White, (2005). The analysis was conducted using an edited built-in manual appraisal analysis of the attitude scheme. The statistics of each appraisal resource that has been analyzed would be counted automatically in the UAM Corpus Tool. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis results show that there are 72 expressions that carried the appraisal attitude. The attitudes are released both positively and negatively. Table 1. The total number of attitude found in the data Attitude-type N % - affect 36 49.3 - judgement 22 30.1 - appreciation 15 20.5 Total: 73 100.0% Table 2. The total number of the polarity (positive and negative) of attitude found in the data Attitude-polarity N % - positive-attitude 19 26.0 - negative-attitude 54 74.0 Total: 73 100.0% The percentage shows that the attitude that are mainly contained in the three data is affect (36 items or 49.3%), followed by judgement (22 items or 30.1%), and the least number is appreciation (15 items or 20.5%) and they are mainly released negatively. Affect The analysis shows that there are 36 items of affect attitude that are contained in all of the three news. Affect resources focus on the "emotive dimension of meaning" as they reflect the appraiser's desires, feelings, and satisfaction. (Martin & White, 2005). The dominating amount of affect in this study come from the type dis/satisfaction and in/security. Table 3. The total number of affect found in the data affect-type2 n % - un/happiness 9 12.3 - dis/satisfaction 11 15.1 - in/security 11 15.1 - dis/inclination 5 6.8 total: 36 49.3% Un/happiness Happiness Data 1: “protesters have held marches demanding Israel be stopped from competing in the tournament, in support of Palestine.” The positive attitude was shown in ‘in support of Palestine’. This expression reflects the positive affect specifically happiness (affection). This reflects the protesters’ appraisal towards Palestine. The protesters are showing their affection towards Palestine by refusing to have good relations with Palestinian opponents (Israel). Unhappiness The word ‘anti-Israel’ indicates a deep-seated feeling of dislike towards Israel. Therefore, this data contains the negative affect specifically unhappiness, antipathy. Data 2: “Potential Jokowi successor’s anti-Israel rhetoric tarfeted for blame.” Data 3: “The party has had a historically strong anti-Israel stance” The word ‘anti-Israel’ indicates a deep-seated feeling of dislike towards Israel. Therefore, this data contains the negative affect specifically unhappiness, antipathy. Data 4: “Potential Jokowi successor's anti-Israel rhetoric targeted for blame.” The word ‘blame’ is almost similar to ‘castigate’ or ‘scold’ which are fell in the affect category. Thus, this word reflects the negative attitude toward Jokowi successors (who are anti- Israel) specifically dissatisfaction ‘displeasure’. Data 5: “The party has had a historically strong anti-Israel stance, and some observers say it was ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 799 behind the push to exclude the country from the tournament.” The clause ‘it was behind the push’ reflects to some observer’s appraisal towards the party. The observers feel like there was a demand (surge behavior) to the party to exclude Israel’s participation in the tournament. Therefore, this clause carries the negative affect of disinclination, specifically desire. Data 6: “The Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) said FIFA was forced to cancel the draw after Bali's governor Wayan Koster refused to host the Israeli team.” ‘Refused to host’ reflects the unhappiness feeling specifically antipathy. Antipathy is the part of unhappiness to show the feeling of dislike, aversion, opposition, etc. The meaning of this phrase can be inferred from the background of diplomatic relation between Indonesia and Israel, and the protests towards Israel to quit the tournament. This phrase reflects the unhappiness feeling specifically antipathy where it refers to the ‘dislike’ or ‘aversion’ that felt by the governor (as an individual or as the representative of the protestor) that is resulting in the action (refused to host). Data 7: “Indonesia does not have any formal diplomatic ties with Israel and recently protesters have held demanding Israel be stopped from competing in the tournament, …” The expression of ‘held marches demanding Israel be stopped from competing in the tournament’ reflects the unhappiness feeling specifically antipathy felt by the protesters towards Israeli team. ‘Demanding Israel be stopped’ shows that the protesters have the strong feeling of ‘dislike’ that Israeli team will be participating in the tournament. Data 8: “We're headed into a calamity in sports.” Calamity means miserable (misery); thus this datum reflects the attitude of affect specifically unhappiness. This data shows the negative feelings of misery that felt by people because of the tragedy. Data 9: “Bali's governor said he did not want them to play in his region and Friday's planned group stage draw was cancelled.” The clause “he did not want them to play in his region” shows the emotion of dislike that is felt by Bali’s governor towards Israeli team. Thus, this reflects the attitude of affect specifically unhappiness ‘antipathy’. Data 10: “… governor’s calls for ban of players’ over Palestinian issue” The phrase ‘calls for ban’ reflects the decision or say officially that something is not allowed, it means that there is a feeling of ‘dislike’ towards that thing. Therefore, this data carries the negative affect of unhappiness, specifically antipathy. Dis/satisfaction Satisfaction There is no expression that reflects satisfaction in the data. Dissatisfaction Data 11: “Tournament, set to be held in Bali, pushed back due to protests against Jewish state’s debut at tournament, …” The phrase ‘protests against’ reflects the surge of behaviour to release a dipleasure emotion towards Jewish state. Therefore, this data reflects the affect attitude specifically dissatisfaction that shows displeasure. Data 12: “Protests against Israel’s participation were also held in the Indonesian capital Jakarta last week by conservative Islamic groups.” The phrase ‘protests against’ reflects the surge of behaviors to release a displeasure emotion towards Israel’s participation. Therefore, this data reflects the affect attitude specifically dissatisfaction that shows displeasure. Data 13: “Potential sanctions against the PSSI may also be decided at a later stage.” This data consists of the affect attitude specifically dissatisfaction that shows displeasure. This data shows FIFA’s attitude towards PSSI. ‘Sanction against’ can be considered as a punishment, and punishment is the attitude to show displeasure. Data 14: “That sanction can remove Indonesia from Asian qualifying for the 2026 World Cup that starts in October.” Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rohani Ganie, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, & Bayu Febrilliandika Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup 800 The word ‘sanction’ means ‘castigation’. Therefore, this data carries the negative affect, dissatisfaction, specifically displeasure. Data 15: “We will be exiled from the football ecosystem.” The appraisal in the data above is released through the level of word ‘exiled’ which can be considered as ‘castigate’ that falls into the category of affect specifically dissatisfaction, displeasure. In this datum we consider that the ‘we’ has negative attitude towards the things that caused them to be exiled, and we can also conclude that they do not want to be exiled. Data 16: “FIFA insists Indonesia was not ready to host the tournament and are threatening to take action.” The following underlined word consists of the affect attitude specifically dissatisfaction that shows displeasure. This data shows FIFA’s attitude to ‘threaten’ Indonesia, and it can be said as almost similar to ‘scold’ which falls into the affect specifically the surge behaviors of displeasure. Data 17: “Criticism of Israel in the country and its policy towards Palestine has been growing after Bali's governor said he did not want them to play in his region …” ‘Criticism’ is the opposite of compliment. Thus, this reflects the negative attitude of affect specifically dissatisfaction ‘displeasure’. Data 18: "We shouldn't waste our energy blaming each other," Widodo urged. The phrase ‘blaming each other’ is used to show how people show their displeasure towards each other. Therefore, this data carries a negative affect of dissatisfaction specifically displeasure. Data 19: “A video posted on his Instagram on April 4 showed him dining with a player from the Indonesian U-20 team who had criticized him on the player's own social media account.” The word ‘criticized’ is the opposite of ‘complimented’. Thus, this reflects the negative attitude of affect specifically dissatisfaction ‘displeasure’. Data 20: “…. the national soccer federation risks being suspended by FIFA.” The word ‘suspended’ means that there is a ‘castigation’ that is given. Therefore, this data carries the negative affect, dissatisfaction, specifically displeasure. In/security Security Data 21: “The decision was announced five days before FIFA was due to make the 24-nation draw Friday …” The word ‘announced’ is similar to ‘declare’ which is one of the surge of behaviors of affect. By announcing something, it means that FIFA is confident of what is being announced and consider it as the right thing to do. Therefore, this data reflects the positive affect of security specifically confidence. But rather than used positively, this attitude is used negatively because the announcement was made near the day of the tournament that will latter impact to the feeling of the U20 players. Data 22: “When FIFA, soccer's global governing body, announced on March 29 that it would pull the tournament from the country, public reaction was swift.” The word ‘announces’ which has the meaning of ‘declaring’. ‘Declaring’ is one of the surge of surge behavior in affect. Thus, this word reflects the positive affect security, specifically confidence. But rather than used positively, this attitude is used negatively considering the circumstances caused by the phenomenon (public’s reaction) Data 23: “However, there was a growing feeling it had to be moved anyway given the tensions around Israel's qualification.” The data shows that a feeling that is felt by the news writer. This data shows the attitude of affect specifically security ‘trust’. It means that the news writer believes that this is the right decision to move the tournament place. But rather than used positively, this attitude is used negatively considering the circumstances caused by the phenomenon (tension). Data 24: “… but it was also aware it had to do everything to protect Israel's players against potential security threats.” ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 801 Another attitude that is reflected in the data above is from the clause ‘it had to do everything to protect Israel's players against potential security threats. The data above shows that FIFA should make sure of Israel’s players secure of any potential threats. Thus, the underlined clause represents the positive attitude of FIFA towards Israel in the sub category of affect specifically security. Data 25: “However, Indonesian soccer and public authorities agreed to FIFA’s hosting requirements in 2019 before being selected to host the 2021 edition of the Under-20 World Cup.” The word ‘agreed’ reflects the feeling of trust towards FIFA requirements. Therefore, this data carries the positive affect, security, specifically trust. Insecurity Data 26: “Half an hour before FIFA’s announcement, PSSI executive committee member Arya Sinulingga said he was "very pessimistic" about Indonesia keeping the hosting rights.” This data contains the attitude of affect specifically insecurity (negative affect). The word ‘pessimistic’ is synonymous as ‘hopeless’. Being hopeless means that the person (Arya Sinulingga) that feels it (the pessimistic) has the feeling of distrust about something (Indonesia keeping the hosting rights). Data 27: “He and other Muslim conservatives expressed opposition to Israel's participation, spurring protests.” The next attitude that is reflected from the data is the word ‘protests’ which reflects the surge of behaviors to release a displeasure emotion. Therefore, this data reflects the affect attitude specifically dissatisfaction that shows displeasure. Data 28: “A post on Ganjar's Instagram account received about 350,000 comments accusing the politician of destroying young people's futures and pledging to oppose him in the upcoming election.” The expression ‘pledging to oppose him in the upcoming election’ shows the surge of behavior (declaration) to oppose him (Ganjar Pranowo). By pledging, it means that the people have the confidence of their own belief which caused them to have the audacity to pledge. Thus, this expression carries the negative affect of security specifically confident, but it is used negatively towards Ganjar’s Pranowo. Data 29: “Ganjar is desperately trying to put out the fire.” The word ‘desperately’ means that Ganjar feels that he has little hope. This indicates Ganjar's lack of confidence in his efforts to restore his position. Therefore, this data carries the negative affect of insecurity specifically confident. Data 30: “Doubt was cast on the draw event last week, …” The word ‘doubt’ reflects the feeling of distrust. Therefore, this word reflects the negative affect of insecurity, specifically trust. Data 31: “FIFA declined to comment Sunday on the draw being postponed just eight weeks before the opening game.” The phrase ‘declined to comment’ means that FIFA did not have the confident about any statement that they can give. Therefore, this data carries the negative affect of security specifically confidence. Dis/inclination Inclination Data 32: “Indonesia, with the world's largest Muslim population, does not have formal diplomatic relations with the country and has long called for Palestinian independence.” The phrase ‘has long called for’ means that Indonesia has publicly asked for or demanded Palestinian independence. The word ‘demand’ is one of the lexicalization in inclination. Thus, this data consists of positive attitude (toward Palestine) of affect specifically inclination ‘desire’. Data 33: “I want to apologize to the national team, …” The phrase ‘want to apologize’ shows the desire of Ganjar to apologize because he feels sorry and responsible for what is being through by the national team. Therfore, thid data carries the positive affect of inclination specifically desire. Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rohani Ganie, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, & Bayu Febrilliandika Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup 802 Data 34: "I want to apologize to the national team, and hope we can move forward," Ganjar said in an interview with local media Another inclination is shown here by the usage of ‘hope’, Ganjar showed his desire for the national team to be willing to continue even during times of great difficulties. Therefore, this word reflects the positive affect inclination specifically desire. Disinclination Data 35: “FIFA needs to come up with an alternative pretty quickly.” The word ‘needs’ implicates the desire that is felt by FIFA. This shows FIFA’s dependence on the alternative team. Thus, this data reflects the negative attitude of affect specifically inclination ‘desire’. Data 36: “The party has had a historically strong anti-Israel stance, and some observers say it was behind the push to exclude the country from the tournament.” The clause ‘it was behind the push’ reflects to some observer’s appraisal towards the party. The observers feel like there was a demand (surge behavior) to the party to exclude Israel’s participation in the tournament. Therefore, this clause carries the negative affect of disinclination, specifically desire. Judgement There are two sub-categories of judgement which are social-esteem and social-sanction. Judgements of esteem have to do with ‘normality’ (how unusual someone is), ‘capacity’ (how capable they are) and ‘tenacity’ (how resolute they are); judgements of sanction have to do with ‘veracity’ (how truthful someone is) and ‘propriety’ (how ethical someone is). The analysis shows that there are 22 items of judgement attitude that are contained in all of the three news. The dominating amount of judgement in this study is from the social-esteem sub category. Table 4. The total number of Affect found in the data Judgement-type N % - social-esteem 18 24.7 - social-sanction 4 5.5 Total: 22 30.1% Social-esteem Social-esteem (positive) Data 37: “Indonesia were awarded hosting rights in 2019, before Israel qualified for the tournament.” The datum shows an attitude (either the news writer’s or FIFA’, it is not stated) towards Israel. ‘Qualified’ is the lexical item that shows that Israel is already capable to attend the tournament, thus this attitude falls into the positive category of judgement specifically capacity. Data 38: “Gov. Ganjar Pranowo of Central Java is seen as one of the potential leading candidates in Indonesia's February 2024 presidential election.” The word ‘potential’ refers to the Ganjar Pranowo that has the ‘capacity’ in leading candidates in presidential election. Thus, this data consists of the positive attitude of judgement towards Ganjar Pranowo specifically social esteem ‘capacity’. Data 39: “When FIFA, soccer's global governing body, announced on March 29 that it would pull the tournament from the country …” From the data above, ‘global governing body’ reflects the capacity of FIFA. Thus, this data reflects the positive judgement social-esteem, capacity. Data 40: “Various polls show Ganjar as a leading potential presidential candidate.” This sentence shows the polls as the prove of Ganjar’s capacity to become a leading potential (which also implies the capacity of someone) presidential candidate. Therefore, this data carries the positive category of judgement specifically capacity. Data 41. “…with rivals Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto and former Jakarta Gov. Anies Baswedan gaining ground.” The phrase ‘gaining ground’ means that Prabowo Subianto and Anies Baswedan become more popular or accepted. It shows that both of them are competent. Therefore, this data carries the positive judgement, social-esteem, specifically capacity. Data 42: “… who is considered likely to continue his agenda.” ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 803 The data shows the appraisal towards Ganjar Pranowo that is considered to be ‘qualified’ to continue the president’s agenda. Therefore, this attitude falls into the positive category of judgement specifically capacity. Data 43: “Israel qualified last June for its first- ever Under-20 World Cup when it reached the semifinals of the Under-19 European Championship.” The word ‘qualified’ is used to show that Israel has the capacity for the tournament because they reached the semifinals of the Under-19 European Championship. Therefore, this attitude falls into the positive category of judgement specifically capacity. Social-esteem (negative) Data 44: “FIFA knew any decision to strip Indonesia of hosting rights would be hugely controversial …” Data 45: “FIFA: Indonesia stripped of right to host Under-20 World Cup” Data 46: “Fifa has stripped Indonesia of hosting rights for the Under-20 World Cup.” Data 47: “FIFA's decision to strip Indonesia of hosting rights for this year's Under-20 soccer World Cup” The data above used the expression of ‘strip of’ which relates to ‘Indonesia of hosting rights’. In this case, it is used to show the attitude of FIFA towards Indonesia (Indonesian people that are included in this event), FIFA considered Indonesia as incapable to be the host of the FIFA U20 World Cup. Thus, this attitude falls into the category of negative judgement specifically capacity. Data 48: “FIFA insists Indonesia was not ready to host the tournament …” The expression ‘was not ready to host’ refers to the attitude of FIFA towards Indonesia. This attitude shows that FIFA sees Indonesia incapability. Therefore, this attitude falls into the category of negative judgement specifically capacity. Data 49: "FIFA has decided, due to the current circumstances, to remove Indonesia as the host of the FIFA U20 World Cup 2023," a FIFA statement said. The judgement that is reflected in this data can be seen from the usage of ‘to remove Indonesia as the host’. It is the attitude of FIFA towards Indonesia (Indonesian people that are included in this event) that considers Indonesia as incapable to be the host of the FIFA U20 World Cup 2023. Thus, this attitude falls into the category of negative judgement specifically capacity. Data 50: “He and other Muslim conservatives expressed opposition to Israel's participation, …” Conservatives refer to people who are not willing to accept much change, especially in the traditional values of society. This somehow shows the act of being ‘stubborn’. Moreover, this is even made clear by the following expression ‘expressed opposition’ that shows the unaccepting behavior of the conservatives towards Israel’s participation. Therefore, the attitude that is reflected by this word is included as negative judgement, social-esteem, specifically tenacity. Data 51: “He may have to rethink his succession strategy depending on public support for Ganjar, …” The clause ‘he may have to rethink his succession strategy depending on public support for Ganjar’ implied that there is a wrong strategy that is done by him (President Jokowi) that caused it to be unsuccessful (that is why it has to be changed by rethinking about it). Therefore, this clause carries the negative judgement, social- esteem, specifically capacity. Data 52: “Protests against Israel’s participation were also held in the Indonesian capital Jakarta last week by conservative Islamic groups.” The word ‘conservatives’ refers to people who are not willing to accept much change, especially in the traditional values of society. This somehow shows the act of being ‘stubborn’. Therefore, the attitude that is reflected by this word is included as negative judgement, social-esteem, specifically tenacity. Data 53: “If Indonesia fails to resolve its hosting issues over Israel, the national soccer federation risks being suspended by FIFA.” https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/willing https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/accept https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/change_1 https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/especially https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/traditional https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/value_1 https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/society Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rohani Ganie, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, & Bayu Febrilliandika Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup 804 The word ‘fail’ means ‘unsuccessful’ which is placed in the judgement. Therefore, this data carries the negative judgement, social-esteem, specifically capacity. Data 54: “That sanction can remove Indonesia from Asian qualifying for the 2026 World Cup that starts in October.” The underlined clause reflects the possibility that Indonesia can be disqualified (which means Indonesia is no more has the capacity to participate in 2026 World Cup. Therefore, this data reflects the negative judgement, social-esteem, specifically capacity. Social-sanction Social-sanction (positive) Data 55: “Indonesia does not have any formal diplomatic ties with Israel and recently protesters have held marches demanding Israel be stopped from competing in the tournament, in support of Palestine.” The judgement that is shown in this data can be seen from the usage of the word ‘support’ which is the positive expression of judgement. This reflects the news writer’s appraisal towards the protester. The writer considered the act of holding the marches as a supportive behaviors. Being supportive falls into the category of propriety. Social-sanction (negative) Data 56: “Public opinion has turned sharply against government officials seen as ruining the dreams of the soccer-loving country's young players.” The attitude that is used in this data is reflected by the word ‘ruining’. This word refers to the valuation of government officials acts (as complemented by the word ‘seen’). ‘Ruining’ means ‘breaking’, which means it is not a good act. Thus, this word reflects the negative attitude of judgement specifically social sanction ‘propriety’. Data 57: “A post on Ganjar's Instagram account received about 350,000 comments accusing the politician of destroying young people's futures …” The expression ‘accusing the politician of destroying young people's futures’ shows the surge of behavior of reproaching the politician’s behavior. Therefore, this expression carries the negative judgement, social-sanction, specifically propriety type of attitude. Data 58: “Ganjar's rhetoric against Israel's participation was widely regarded as an attempt to score political points.” The expression ‘regarded as an attempt to score political points’ implied that there is a belief that Ganjar’s action is somehow ‘manipulative’ because it is done for personal gain (to score political point). Therefore, this data reflects the negative judgement, social-sanction, specifically veracity. Appreciation Appreciation deals with resources for interpreting the value of things, including natural phenomena and semiosis (as a product or process). The analysis shows that there are 15 items of appreciation attitude that are contained in all of the three news. The dominating amount of appreciation in this study is composition. Table 5. The total number of affect found in the data Appreciation-type N % - reaction 7 46.7 - composition 8 53.3 - valuation 0 0.0 Total: 15 100.0% Reaction Reaction (positive) Data 59: “When FIFA, soccer's global governing body, announced on March 29 that it would pull the tournament from the country, public reaction was swift.” The word ‘swift’ explains the quality of public’s reaction towards the announcement from FIFA. This word reflects the positive appreciation, reaction, specifically impact. Reaction (negative) Data 60: “If we make political requirements in sports, it'll always be like this.” The clause ‘it'll always be like this’ reflects the attitude of appreciation, reaction, specifically negative impact. This clause represents the predictability of something, and predictable falls into the category of negative impact. ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 805 Data 61: "FIFA has decided, due to the current circumstances, to remove Indonesia as the host of the FIFA U20 World Cup 2023," a FIFA statement said. This expression ‘due to the current circumstances’ reflects the negative appreciation, reaction, quality. What is being appraised here is the ‘circumstances’, and it is considered as negative because it results in how Indonesia is being removed as the host of the Fifa U20 World Cup 2023. Data 62: “FIFA knew any decision to strip Indonesia of hosting rights would be hugely controversial …” The word ‘controversial’ in this data refers to the decision that was made by FIFA that would cause the reaction of the public. The decision of FIFA is said to be ‘controversial’ that means this is something that is unusual or sensational in the negative aspect. Thus, this falls into the negative attitude of appreciation specifically reaction ‘impact’. Data 63: “Indonesia U-20 World Cup cancellation sparks political backlash” ‘Backlash’ means a strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development. In this case it is the political reaction. Thus, this word reflects the negative attitude of appreciation specifically reaction ‘impact’. Data 64: “The controversy stems from the handling of Israel's participation in the tournament.” The word ‘controversy’ refers to the phenomenon (political backlash). It is seen as controversy, which means there are some aspects that make it sensational. Thus, this falls into the negative attitude of appreciation specifically reaction ‘impact’. Data 65: “A post on Ganjar's Instagram account received about 350,000 comments accusing the politician of destroying young people's futures and pledging to oppose him in the upcoming election.” The expression ‘received about 350,000 comments’ was used to appraise Ganjar’s post on Instagram. A post on Instagram can be included as an object, and the quantity (350,000) that is being said shows the ‘remarkable’ number that the post gained. Therefore, this expression carries an attitude of appreciation, reaction, specifically impact. As a note, the sense of ‘remarkable’ here is used negatively considering the following expressions that is still related to this phrase. Composition Composition (positive) Data 66: “Indonesia, with the world's largest Muslim population, does not have formal diplomatic relations with the country and has long called for Palestinian independence.” The phrase ‘the world's largest Muslim population’ reflects the complexity of number of Muslim population. Therefore, this data carries the positive appreciation, composition, specifically complexity. Data 67: “Indonesia is the world’s most populous Muslim-majority nation, with about 277 million people, and it does not have formal diplomatic relations with Israel.” The phrase ‘the world’s most populous Muslim-majority nation’ reflects the complexity of number of Muslim population. Therefore, this data carries the positive appreciation, composition, specifically complexity. Composition (negative) Data 68: “Public opinion has turned sharply against government officials seen as ruining the dreams of the soccer-loving country's young players.” The word ‘against’ implied that the public opinion and the one that government has are contradictory. Thus, this word reflects the negative attitude of appreciation specifically composition ‘balance’. Data 69: “Ganjar's rhetoric against Israel's participation was widely regarded as an attempt to score political points.” The word ‘against’ refers to Ganjar’s attitude toward Israel’s participation. This word reflects the negative attitude of appreciation specifically composition ‘balance’. Data 70: “It's very tough for all of us.” Fikry Prastya Syahputra, Rohani Ganie, Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo, & Bayu Febrilliandika Beyond the game: International media attitudes toward Indonesia's cancellation of The U20 World Cup 806 The sentence above contains the attitude of appreciation, composition, specifically negative complexity. ‘Tough’ means that something is hard to follow. Thus, this datum reflects the speaker (Arya Sinulingga, and also the people involved in Fifa preparation in Indonesia)’s appraisal of the situation (the cancellation). Data 71: “We have to separate football or sports and politics.” The data above shows that sports (especially football) and politics are two different things. This shows how "we" as the appraiser see these two things as "contradictory". Thus, the data contains the attitude of appreciation (specifically composition “balance”). In this case, this attitude is considered negative because those two things (sports and politics) are considered to be combined together, that is why they must be separated. Data 72: “Political fallout has swelled from FIFA's decision to strip Indonesia of hosting rights for this year's Under-20 soccer World Cup, threatening the front-runner status of a potential successor to President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo.” The phrase ‘fallout has swelled’ implied that FIFA’s decisions has caused an unbalanced or disharmony situation (that caused a downgrade) in politics. Thus, this expression reflects the negative attitude of appreciation towards politics and FIFA’s decision specifically in the subcategory of composition ‘balance’. Data 73: “… showed Ganjar's position plummeting, …” The word ‘plummeting’ means that Ganjar’s position falls suddenly and quickly, which means there is an inconsistency of Ganjar’s position. Therefore, this data carries the negative appreciation, composition, specifically balance. Attitude polarity Attitude is an Appraisal system that reflects human emotion and valuation toward others or things. The expression of attitude can be either positive or negative. Polarity is the feature that indicates approval or disapproval through a positive or negative attitude. (Ratih Laily Nurjanah, 2021). In this study, the researcher analyzed the world's newspapers in reporting the U-20 World Cup Cancellation in Indonesia using the Appraisal system of Attitude. Therefore, it can be determined that the news delivered the information about the U20 World Cup Cancellation in Indonesia as well as delivered the emotion and valuation of the news writer towards the things that are related (either literally or culturally) to the cancellation (Sports, Israel, Israeli team, Indonesia, Indonesian team, Jokowi successor’s, Palestine, etc.). Results of the analysis show the world's newspapers in reporting the U20 World Cup Cancellation in Indonesia contain all three domains of attitudinal resources in appraisal, which are affect, judgment, and appreciation. The most dominant resources belong to affect (49.3%), followed by judgement (30.1%), and appreciation (20.5%). In addition, the analysis also shows that the majority of the attitude is released through negative attitude (54 items), while only 19 items that are considered as the positive ones. News 1 focuses more on Indonesia's hosting rights. The background in the assessment of hosting rights can be related to the assessment of Indonesia's ability, preparation, and political and sporting conditions to become the host. The results of the analysis show that news text 1 contains a negative attitude of 20 items and a positive attitude of 5 items. News 2 focuses more on politics (especially political actors, namely Ganjar Pranowo). The results of the analysis show that news text 2 contains 22 items of negative attitude and 11 items of positive attitude. News 3 focuses more on Israel (team and country). The results of the analysis show that news text 3 contains 12 items of negative attitude and 3 items of positive attitude. In this regard, the analysis had shown that the world's newspapers in reporting the U20 World Cup Cancellation evaluate the people and things that are related (literally or culturally) more negatively. Whether analyzed individually or as a whole (the three news texts), the dominant polarity shown is negative polarity. The negative attitude is emphasized because the topic of the news item is negative (Noor Widiastuti, 2015). The cancellation can be taken as negative topic because many parties are harmed, especially Indonesian football team that was almost participate the tournament. Therefore, the emphasizing of the negative attitude indicates the negativity of the topic as well. CONCLUSION After the results obtained that the three news articles had negative attitudes perspective. Furthermore, the findings of this study's analysis can be used as teaching material for language and communication students interested in becoming ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education p-ISSN 2301-7554, e-ISSN 2541-3643 Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2024 https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE 807 journalists or writing articles for print and online publications. Because many sentences in the presentation of this research data that can be utilized as examples elicit the emotions of the readers. Furthermore, the results of this research can contribute to newspaper editors in determining the direction of writing their news as neutrally as possible. This is done by balancing the positive and negative values in the news. Before the news is published, it is a good idea for the editor to also analyze the use of language, not just the content of the news. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This article is funded by the TALENTA 2023 Research Funding under the Penelitian Perintis Scheme from the Lembaga Penelitian at Universitas Sumatera Utara. The authors extend their deepest gratitude to the Rector of Universitas Sumatera Utara, the Director of Lembaga Penelitian (LP - USU), the Dean and all Vice Deans of the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, the Head and Secretary of the English Literature Study Program, and all stakeholders who supported this research. 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