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Vol. 5, No. 2, 2023, pp. 69-75 ISSN 2656-6052 (online) | 2656-1107 (print) 
      http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eshr/index                                                   eshr@ikm.uad.ac.id 

 

 

      10.26555/eshr.v5i2.7925  

 
 

69 

 
 

  

 
Research Article  
 
Community Compliance in Implementing 5M COVID-19 
Prevention in Kampung Tengari, Praya City 
 
Widya Ariani1*, Sulistyawati Sulistyawati1, Tiara Lintang Sari1  

1 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 
 
* Correspondence: widya1800029070@webmail.uad.ac.id +62xxxxx 
 
Received 05 April 2023; Accepted 03 September 2023; Published 03 September 2023 
 

ABSTRACT 

Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has spread 
worldwide. Many people need to be made aware of the risks of COVID-19 transmission and 
the advantages of implementing the 5M health protocol. People's disobedience is a daily 
occurrence that is accepted in the environment. This noncompliance has accelerated the 
spread of the virus, increasing the number of positive citizens and the death toll. This 
research aims to calculate the main health issues that should be prioritized. 
Method: This community diagnosis used the Hanlon method, which employed a descriptive 
study design with a quantitative approach. The total sampling technique was used to 
determine the sample size of 78 people. 
Results: The issue in RT 07 Kampung Tengari, Praya City, is that many people still need 
to be more compliant in implementing the 5M COVID-19 prevention strategy. 
Conclusion: Implementing the 5M strategy within society is currently at a moderate level 
and requires further education or counseling to enhance compliance. 

Keywords: Health protocol; COVID-19; Compliance; Community diagnosis 

INTRODUCTION 

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first outbreak of 
COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic. 
COVID-19 can be transmitted to others through droplets from an infected person.1 WHO 
reported COVID-19 as a pandemic when there were 125,600 cases in 118 countries and 
regions worldwide. On July 15, 2020, there was a drastic increase in cases to 13,150,645, 
with a confirmed number of 185,836 and a death toll of 574,464.2 After the declaration of 
COVID-19 as a pandemic, a global health emergency was imposed and called for action to 
break the chain of transmission internationally. The spread of this disease is rapid and is 

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https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.3629
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Ariani et al. (Community Compliance in Implementing 5M COVID-19 Prevention in Kampung Tengari, Praya City) 

 
 

 
Vol. 5, No. 2, 2023, pp. 69-75 70   10.26555/eshr.v5i2.7925 

  

characterized by an increasing number of cases and deaths. The number of COVID-19 cases 
increased dramatically, widespread in all provinces in Indonesia. On the other hand, Indonesia 
is behind in handling this COVID-19 case, but the government is making various efforts to 
handle this case.3  

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the age group of 20-40 years is the group 
that most spread the COVID-19 virus. Age groups at higher risk of transmitting this virus are 
people aged 60 years and older, people with comorbidities, those with weakened immune 
systems, and those who are overweight and obese. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia applies 
health protocols that the public must obey. The protocol for public health protection is realized 
by considering preventive elements such as health promotion activities, protection activities, 
case-finding elements, and elements of fast and effective handling. However, community 
compliance with health protocols still needs to be improved. 

Public disobedience to prevent COVID-19 is caused by several factors, such as economic 
motives, indifferent attitude, feeling that they have a low potential for virus transmission, and 
distrust of the government regarding inconsistent policies and statements. In this new average 
era, people believe it is an opportunity to return to activities like before the pandemic. This is 
a misunderstanding that continues to be carried out in the community, so noncompliance is 
what makes the virus transmission spread rapidly. This disobedience is a daily sight that is 
considered normal in the community. Citizens' disobedience is a key to failure in handling the 
COVID-19 pandemic.4 

One of the government's efforts in handling cases of the spread of COVID-19 is to apply 5M 
guidelines (Wearing masks, Washing hands with soap and running water, maintaining a 
distance, Staying away from crowds, and Restricting mobility and interaction). The 5M health 
protocol is intended to allow people to continue their activities safely but not endanger the 
health and safety of themselves and others. In implementing the 5M health protocol, the 
community responds in various ways; many people consciously comply, but some do not 
care.4 

The increase in COVID-19 cases occurred quickly and required immediate treatment. 
Coronavirus spreads quickly and infects everyone regardless of age. Breaking the chain of 
the spread of COVID-19 requires good understanding and knowledge from all elements, 
including the community. Public knowledge about matters relevant to COVID-19 is essential 
to prevent increased cases of this disease. Knowledge results from curiosity, primarily through 
the process of the eye and ear senses toward a particular object. Knowledge also shapes 
behavior.5  

One of the activities carried out to explore health problems in the community is the community 
diagnosis activity, which is one method that is often used in the preparation and 
implementation of public health plans. Community diagnosis is an activity to explore the main 
problems faced by the community based on existing facts and take strategies and follow-up 
plans to resolve these problems. Community diagnosis activities lead to health promotion 
activities and improving health problems in a community.6 While Hanlon's approach is a 
technique used to determine priority issues and help determine a score or priority level for 
dealing with problems that arise in society.7 This approach can capture the societal health 
issue that should be prioritized in the program.  

https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.3629
https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.3629


 
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Vol. 5, No. 2, 2023, pp. 69-75 71   10.26555/eshr.v5i2.7925 

  

All problems in the community begin with analyzing the situation, identifying problems and 
causes of issues, and prioritizing problems to alternative solutions to problems. We can 
determine the existing problems in stages using a community diagnosis approach. This study 
aimed to identify the fundamental issues and tried to develop problem-solving.8  

METHOD 

This descriptive quantitative research was conducted in RT 7, Kampung Tengari, Kelurahan 
Praya, and Praya City from March to April 2021. This research employed community diagnosis 
to capture the health problem in that location. The sample in this study was 78 residents. The 
step of this research is presented in Figure 1. Community diagnosis data was taken from in-
depth interviews and questionnaires. Data is then processed for prioritizing the problem by 
using the Hanlon method. Problem-solving alternatives were then carried out with the key 
person in society. The intervention was carried out on 23-25 April 2021 by distributing posters 
and outreach to increase public knowledge and awareness in implementing the 5M prevention 
of COVID-19, with the target groups being children, mothers, and teenagers. 

 

Figure 1. The Hanlon approaches 

In Hanlon, a problem or issue is measured using four categories: 1) the magnitude of the 
problem (A), 2) the level of seriousness of the problem (B), 3) the ease of handling the problem 
(C), 4) the factor that determines whether or not the program can be implemented/ PEARL 
(D). Scoring was done on each criterion as follows: for the Magnitude of the problem (A) with 
a score of 0-10 (Small-Big), level of severity of the problem (B) with a score of 1-10 (Not 
Serious-Serious), Effectiveness of the problem (C) with a score of 1-10 (Difficult-Easy). Then, 
the PEARL factor (D) value was scored 0 for No and 1 for Yes.  

We used the formula for calculating Total Priority Value (TPV): 𝑻𝑷𝑽 = (𝑨 + 𝑩) ∗ 𝑪 ∗ 𝑫 

Information: 

A: Magnitude of the problem 
B: The level of urgency of the problem (Emergency/Seriousness) 
C: Ease of problem-solving (Disability) 
D: Factors that determine whether the program can be implemented or not (PEARL) 
 
P is suitability (appropriateness), E is economical (economic feasibility), A is acceptable 
(acceptability), R is availability sources (resources availability), and L is guaranteed legality 
(legality). OPR: Overall Priority Rating 

Data collection [community diagnosis]

Data processing

Data prioritization

Gaining problem solving

Intervention

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Vol. 5, No. 2, 2023, pp. 69-75 72   10.26555/eshr.v5i2.7925 

  

RESULTS 

Respondent Characteristic 

 In total, 78 respondents participated in this study. Among them, 35.9% graduated from 
senior high school, and 34.7% has bachelor's degree (Table 1).  

Table 1. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Education Level 

Level of Education n % 
 
Primary School 2 2.6 
 
Junior High School 4 5.1 
 
Senior High School 28 35.9 
 
Diploma I 2 2.6 
 
Diploma II 1 1.2 
 
Diploma III 6 7.7 
 
Bachelor 27 34.7 
 
Post Graduate 8 10.2 

 

Calculation of priority issues using the Hanlon approach 

Based on our field survey, we identified seven potential problems occurred in the research 
area: 1) diarrhea, 2) dengue fever, 3) hypertension, 4) lack of safety for gas cylinders, 5) not 
using gloves when cutting food, 6) organic waste containers, 7) compliance of the community 
in implementing the 5M Prevention of COVID-19. Table 2 shows the scoring for each Hanlon 
component and the priority issue. Our result shows that the community's compliance in 
implementing the 5M Prevention of COVID-19 is a health issue that needs to be prioritized. 

Community compliance in implementing 5M COVID-19 Prevention 

Table 3 shows the descriptive analysis of community compliance on the following 5M. The 78 
respondents mainly reported medium compliance with wearing a mask, maintaining distance, 
washing hands, avoiding crowds, and restricting mobility and interaction.  

DISCUSSION  

Our result shows that the main problem in the research area was the level of community 
compliance in implementing 5M COVID-19 prevention. The data shows that society's 
compliance was reported at a medium level of compliance. According to Lawrence W. Green 
(1984), knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are the main factors underlying a person's actions.9 
The knowledge possessed by a person can influence behaviors related to lifestyle; if someone 
possesses reasonable knowledge about health and disease, they are likely to exhibit good 
health behaviors as well. They can even support successful efforts to control the disease.1011  

https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.3629
https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.3629


 
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Vol. 5, No. 2, 2023, pp. 69-75 73   10.26555/eshr.v5i2.7925 

  

Table 2. Scoring and Determining the Priority of Health Problems Using the Hanlon 
Method 

Health Issues 
Score 

OPR PRIORITY 
RANK A 

(Considerable) 
B 

(Danger) 
C 

(Simplicity) 
D 

(PEARL) 

Diarrhea 8 7 6 1.1.1.1.1 90 II 

Dengue Fever 7 6 6 1.1.1.1.1 78 III 

Hypertensions 6 5 6 1.1.1.1.1 66 IV 

Lack of safety for 
gas cylinders 3 3 3 1.1.1.1.1 18 VII 

Not using gloves  
during cutting food 4 5 4 1.1.1.1.1    36 VI 

Organic waste 
containers 5 5 5 1.1.1.1.1   50 V 

Community 
compliance in 
implementing 5M 
COVID-19 
Prevention 

6 8 6 1.1.1.1.1   96 I 

 
 

Table 3. Community Compliance Level in Implementing 5M COVID-19 Prevention in RT 
07 Kampung Tengari, Praya City 

The Application of 5M 
COVID-19 Prevention 

Community Compliance  
Low  Medium Hight 
n (%) n (%) n (%) 

 
Compliance with Wearing 
Masks 

4 (5.1) 57 (73.1) 17 (21.8) 

 
Compliance with 
Maintaining Distance 

8 (10.2) 59 (75.7) 11 (14.1) 

 
Compliance with Washing 
Hands 

4 (5.1) 57 (73.1) 17 (21.8) 

 
Compliance with Staying 
Away from Crowds 

7 (9.0) 59 (75.7) 12 (15.3) 

 
Compliance with 
Restricting Mobility and 
Interaction 

7 (9.0) 56 (71.8) 15 (19.2) 

  

Factors that affect knowledge are education, age, occupation, and other external factors.12 A 
person's education about health will affect health behavior because the education obtained 
will help them gain knowledge and create efforts to prevent disease.13 The higher a person's 
level of education will make it easier for him to absorb knowledge. Thus, his insight will be 
more comprehensive.14 Our result shows that most of our respondents have completed senior 
high school and bachelor's, meaning they have a sufficient understanding of COVID-19. Public 
knowledge about COVID-19 is an essential aspect of the current pandemic. The general 
needs to know what is relevant to COVID-19, such as the causes, characteristics of the virus, 

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https://doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.3629


 
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Vol. 5, No. 2, 2023, pp. 69-75 74   10.26555/eshr.v5i2.7925 

  

signs and symptoms, terms related to COVID-19, the necessary examinations, the 
transmission process, and efforts to prevent the disease. Someone with good knowledge of 
healthy behavior tends to behave well, too.14 

Considering the process and result of community diagnosis, we propose an alternative 
problem solving that can be done to increase public knowledge by conducting counseling. 
Many studies have been undertaken on disease prevention, such as promoting a healthy diet 
and cardiovascular risk factors,15 counseling for reducing stigma on leprosy16, and tuberculosis 
diagnostic.17 This method can be used on various targets with low and high levels of education, 
depending on the situation and location. When counseling is conducted, the target can actively 
participate and provide feedback on the extension materials provided.  

CONCLUSION 

The incompliance with the 5M health protocol to prevent COVID-19 is a central problem in RT 
07 Kampung Tengari, Praya Village, Praya Subdistrict, Praya City. This result shows that 
society needs intervention to increase the essentials of the 5M health protocol and how to 
implement it in their daily lives.  

Declarations 

Authors' contribution 

WA and SS designed the study and wrote the article. WA collected the data and performed 
the analysis. TLS reviewed the article.  

Funding statement 

This research has not received external funding. 

Conflict of interest 

There is no conflict of interest in this research.  

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