ejnm: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ejnm.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Article; Nursing; Knowledge; Health; Nurses; Patients; Care; Midwifery; Women; Students; Level; Mothers; Pregnancy; Control; Attitude; Stress; Year

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

Article

Caregiver’s Knowledge regarding Homecare Management of Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children Under 12 Years Old in Rapareen Province by Faqi-Rahid, Farida Salim; Hasan, Shukir Saleem (2022) - Factors significantly associated with caregivers’ knowledge of homecare of spastic CP children include the level of education of caregiver, age of caregiver, and height of spastic Cerebral Palsy children. This study aimed to assess caregivers’ knowledge about home care management of spastic CP children in the Rapareen Region. Keywords: age; article; caregivers; cerebral; children; education; family; knowledge; level; palsy; study; years
Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Home Care Management of Neonatal Jaundice in Qaladze - Sulaymaniyah City by Muhammed, Banaz Kamal; Hasan, Shukir Saleem (2022) - Our findings contradict with a study con- ducted in Nigeria which found no influence of source of information and mother’s knowledge on neonatal jaundice, and no relationship between a relative of parents and mother’s knowledge on neonatal jaun- dice [26].Part III- Association between bio- graphical information of neonatal jaundice and mother’s knowledge (Table 3)There was no statistical link between mothers’ educational levels and the age of their newborns. This study aimed to assess the level of the mothers’ knowledge regarding home care management of neonatal jaundice. Keywords: article; care; education; health; home; jaundice; knowledge; management; mothers; study
Home Health Care Services Delivered by Nurses to the Relatives with COVID-19 by Aziz, Newroz Ghazi (2022) - Caring for COVID-19 patients at home is a huge responsibility and challenging. The purpose of this study is to in- vestigate the health care services provided to COVID-19 patients at home-setting by nurses. Keywords: article; care; conditions; covid-19; data; health; home; nurses; nursing; pandemic; participants; patients; study
Lifestyle Factors and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Cross-sectional Study by Haydar, Asmaa Awni ; Saber, Muzhda Haydar ; Saleh, Goran Noori ; Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla (2022) - Lifestyle factors affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a cross-sectional study of healthy 19864 adults using FSSG scores. There was a statistically significant association between gender and smoking and BMI among GERD patients (P-value = 0.001 and < 0.001 respec- tively). Keywords: article; association; bmi; disease; gastroesophageal; gerd; patients; reflux; study; symptoms
Nurses, Knowledge and Attitude regarding Cervical Cancer Screening in Erbil City by Fadhil Omar, Iman; Saied, Awaz Aziz (2023) - Nurses’ responses to questions regarding cervical cancer screening knowledge were divided into three categories and scored as follows: poor knowledge (0 to 3), good knowledge (4 to 7), and high knowledge (8 to 11).The final part consisted of seven items evaluating the attitudes of nurses regarding cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: Kurdistan nurses have a good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding cervical cancer screening. Keywords: article; attitude; cancer; erbil; hospital; journal; knowledge; nurses; nursing; participants; screening; study; women
Prevalence and Associated Factors with Attending Antenatal Care in Akre City, Iraq by Ahmed, Bnar Mustafa; Ahmed , Hamdia Mirkhan (2023) - According to this study, Egyptian women in 2000-2014 utilizing ANC was low; its similar result [11] about (28.5%) of women's attending ANC women's edu- cation and quality of health services play significant roles in increasing accessibility of antenatal health care services. Compared to another study, a high proportion of women in the Syrian refugee camps in Erbil attended antenatal care services during the last pregnancy (99.6%), with different results Keywords: antenatal; article; care; health; pregnancy; services; study; utilization; women
Anxiety and Depression among Infertile Couples Undergoing Invitro Fertilization Treatment in Erbil City by Khdhir, Zhyan Hussen; Hamad, Abdulqader Hussein (2023) - Our result refused by this study conducted on infer- tile women in China demonstrated that the psychopathological symptoms of the infer- tile women were aggravated by advanced age [17].Regarding the relationship be- tween age and depression levels, Compression level of anxiety and depres- sion in Husbands and WivesThe present study found that husbands and their wives had higher anxiety levels; the levels were significantly higher among infertile women compared with men. There were no statistically significant differences between occupation and anxie- ty and depression levels among infertile men, this disagreed with our study results Keywords: age; anxiety; article; association; couples; depression; husbands; infertile; infertility; journal; level; study; women; years
Association of Belief and Experience of Insufficient Breast Milk Supply with Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Breast Feeding by Kareem, Nazera Tahseen; Ahmad, Hamdia Merkhan (2023) - The aim of the study is to identify the prevalence and association between mothers’ belief and experience of insufficient breast milk supply with mother’s knowledge regarding breast feeding. And this should be continued for the second half of the first year or long- er with an overview of complementary foods, as this is what both the infant and mother prefer from the age of six months to the age of two years [3, 4].One of the significant causes of newborn formula sup- plementation and early breastfeeding ter- mination is insufficient breast milk supply Keywords: article; belief; breast; breastfeeding; journal; knowledge; level; milk; mothers; percentage; study; supply
Effect of Tracheostomy Care Training on Nurse’s Performance at Critical Care Units in Erbil City by Omar, Yousif Bakr; Ahmed, Abdullah Faqiyazdin (2023) - Nurses and physiotherapists from hospitals were selected as the control group, and study group respectively. Health System Factors Associated with Ad- herence to Tracheostomy Care Guidelines among Critical Care Nurses at a National Referral Hospital in Kenya. Keywords: article; care; control; erbil; group; international; intervention; nurses; nursing; physiotherapists; practice; study; tracheostomy
Assessment of Psychological Aspects among Refugees in Kurdistan Region-Iraq Refugee Camps by Ali, Ahmed Naif; Hamad, Abdulqader Hussein (2024) - A study among a similar age group of Syrian refugees demonstrates the need for psychological services due to the high level of low quality of life as a result of psychological disorders in Kurdistan refugee camps [7]. According to occu- pation results, most of the participants are in unskilled manual occupations (37.3%), followed by a housewife (25.8%), students )12.5 ,(% associate professional occupations Copyright ©2024 The Author(s). Keywords: anxiety; article; depression; erbil; history; refugees; smoking; stress
Attitudes of Pregnant Women towards Husband’s Attendance in Delivery Room in Erbil City by Saadi, Mhadasa Farooq; Piro, Tiran Jamil (2023) - midwifery, Vol. 6, No. (2), Nov 2023 Original Article Attitudes of Pregnant Women towards Husband’s Attendance in Delivery Room in Erbil City ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Pregnancy is a beautiful and challenging time in a woman's life. Husbands' attend- ance and support of women during labor can positively affect pregnant women and child’s health. Keywords: age; article; attitudes; delivery; health; husband; level; pregnancy; room; study; women
Monitoring Peripheral Intravenous Catheters Complications in Pediatric Patients in Erbil City/Iraq by Shaker, Norhan Zeki (2022) - Regarding the nursing care for PIVC site care, 62.5% of participants received fair care, and 22.3% received poor care. Concerning the site of PIVC insertion, 64.2% of children had the cannula in their hands, and 64.2% on the right side. Keywords: article; care; children; complications; insertion; intravenous; nursing; phlebitis; pivc; site; study
Prevalence and Persistent Fatigue among Patients Post COVID-19 in Erbil City by Hussein, Shagul Hasan; Hussain, Ronak Nihmatala (2023) - In spring 2020, when COVID-19 patients still had symptoms sev- eral weeks after their acute infection and soon after the first cases emerged, post- COVID syndrome, also known as long- COVID, was first described as a clinical enti- ty; in particular, relevant information emerged from the first detailed patient survey of post-COVID syndrome [4]. [8].According to recent findings, weariness has been noted in about one-third of COVID-19 patients, where it has been linked to a worse prognosis and can last for at least six months following infection. Keywords: article; covid-19; erbil; fatigue; journal; patients; physical; post; results; studies; study; symptoms
Nursing Staff Practices Regarding Infection Control Measures at Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children in Erbil City by Kalhury, Ramyar Mutalib; Shaker, Norhan Zeki (2023) - Table 3: Associations between nurses’ infection control practices and the studied varia- bles. The overall performance of the 81 nurses at Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children who participated in the study regarding infection control practices is shown in Fig- ure 2. Keywords: article; children; control; erbil; hospital; infection; measures; nurses; performance; study
Risk Factors Associated with Premature Births in Erbil City: A Case-Control Study by Hamadamin Rasul, Kurdistan; Saleem Hasan, Shukir (2024) - [6].Concerning the risk factors associated with premature births, the current findings show that mothers in both the control and study groups complained about the follow- ing: gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes millitus, UTIs, anemia, vaginal bleeding, PROM, psychological problems, more than half of preterm newborns were male. Preterm birth is the leading cause of death among chil- dren, accounting for 18% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. Keywords: article; birth; case; control; erbil; factors; group; hospital; mothers; pregnancy; preterm; risk; study
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Abdulrahman, Silan Muhammad; Saied, Awaz Aziz (2024) - 2021 Oct 3;25(6):20596-607.Available from: doi: Nurses Knowledge Regarding Preeclampsia Care at Mosul Teaching Hospitals | Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology (annalsofrscb.ro) The majority of study participants (46%) have a nursing diploma, followed by bache- lor's degrees (29.3%) and nursing prepara- tory nursing schools (24.7%), in that order. Keywords: article; health; knowledge; mean; nurses; participants; preeclampsia; pregnancy; result; study; years
Mother’s Practices Concerning Care of Low-Birth-Weight Neonates in Rapareen Teaching Hospital for Children in Erbil City by Issa Omar, Barzan; Saleem Hasan;, Shukir (2024) - Results: The study results reveal, housewives outnumbered mothers aged between 27 to 33years old. Conclusion: The outcome of the study revealed that most of mothers had good practices for age, low income, infection, and house ownership, which are the primary causes of low birth weight newborns in Erbil. Keywords: article; baby; birth; care; erbil; international; journal; lbw; mothers; neonates; practices; study; weight
Teacher’s Practice Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at Basic Schools in Erbil City by Akhagbaker, Jawdat Mamand; Aziz, Kareem Fattah (2024) - 385 teachers were selected from the total num- ber of basic school teachers (10445) for this study. Basic life support (BLS) is a set of emergency procedures applied to a patient, it comprises a number of tech- niques, like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR to sustain patient’s life until the hos- pital facility arrives or the person reaches the hospital [3] The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Associa- tion (AHA) have issued guidelines that stress the need for school teachers to be knowledgeable about emergency response measures to address life-threating emer- gency. Keywords: article; course; cpr; erbil; life; performance; practices; resuscitation; school; study; support; teachers; training
Effect of Body Mass Index, Caffeine Consumption and Physical Activity on in vitro Fertilization Outcome in Erbil City/Iraq by Masood Fateh, Muzhda; Azizz Said, Awaz (2024) - These results are not consistent with a result of previous studies conducted by Kudesia et al., indicate that female obesity negatively affects the suc- cess of IVF [30].Physical activity: Based on the analysis, the majority (66%) of the sample has low physical activity, and the lowest percentage (9%) of the study sam- ple has high physical activity. In recent years, there has been a lot of focus on how lifestyle factors like body weight, physical activity levels, cigarette smoking, alcohol, and caffeine consumption affect IVF outcomes [1]. Keywords: activity; article; caffeine; consumption; erbil; ivf; mean; physical; pregnancy; sample; study; women
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nurses Concerning Hospital Acquired Infections in Surgical Specialty Hospital- Erbil Cardiac Center by Anwar Omar, Niyan; Mohammed M-Amen, Karwan (2025) - [13] Sodhi K, Shrivastava A, Arya M, Kumar M. Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. It is worth mentioning that the current data were collected during the COVID-19 out- break and eventually the staff’s practice may have been affected by it due to the fact that precautionary measures such as hand washing and wearing face masks were made essential to mitigate the spread of the infection The results of this study suggest that HAIs practice should be improved on a broader scale. Keywords: article; attitude; control; erbil; hais; hospital; infection; knowledge; nurses; practice; study
Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice regarding Pain Management for Cancer Patients in Erbil City by Othman Omer, Bakhtyar; Nemat Allah Hussain, Ronak (2025) - Table 5 :Overall nurses’ attitude regarding pain management for cancer patients: Overall Attitude of Nurses towards cancer pain management (n= 64) The study assessed nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward cancer pain management in Nanakali Hospital for Blood Diseases and Cancer and the chemotherapy department in Rizgary Teaching Hospitals. Keywords: article; attitudes; cancer; cancer pain; knowledge; management; nurses; pain; pain management; patients; practice
Knowledge and Attitude of People about Vaccination of Corona Virus Disease in Erbil City by Rasool, Shivan Hamko ; Mustafa, Ibrahum Hassan (2024) - Part III: Was related to assessing the attitudes of participants about vaccinations of Covid-19.The atti- tude of Covid-19 vaccine was computed from summing up all relevant six attitude- related ‘Agree, “Not certain and disagree” questions. 10 Getting Covid-19 vaccine, causes infertility False 324(81) Keywords: article; attitude; covid-19; distribution; knowledge; participants; sample; study; table; total; vaccine
Motivations of Wearing Face Mask: A Cross-sectional Study by Al- Allaf, Burhan Izzaddin ; Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla (2023) - This result disagrees with the study conducted by Howard in 2021 regarding gender, face mask perceptions, and face mask wearing among 698 participants showed that gender did haven't relation- ship with face mask wearing [21]. The calculation of the overall moti- vational levels of wearing face masks (15 items) was categorized into three groups highly motivated (1-5), moderately moti- vated (6-10), and low motivated (11-15). Keywords: article; covering; covid-19; face; health; mask; participants; sample; study; use; wearing
Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Quality of Life among Coronary Artery Disease Patients in Erbil City by Qadir, Chnar Salahaddin; Younis, Yousif Mohammed (2025) - It also shows most of coronary artery disease patients were non-smokers, with no family history and coronary artery disease duration be- tween 1 and 3 years. Conclusion: The study concluded that overall quality of life significantly improved after performing percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease patients, mostly in the physical aspect compared with the mental aspect. Keywords: artery; article; disease; erbil; health; intervention; life; patients; pci; physical; quality; study
Premenstrual Syndrome: Presence, Knowledge, and Attitude among Female University Students by Mahmood, Kazhan Ibrahim (2023) - To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, no study has been previously conducted that assesses the existence of PMS among female uni- versity students with their knowledge and attitude, thus, this study aims to identify the frequency of female students experi- encing PMS symptoms. The current study aims to identify the frequency of ex- periencing PMS symptoms among students, assess their knowledge and attitude towards PMS and identify their perception of whether PMS has an impact on the academic lives of female university students. Keywords: article; knowledge; medical; pms; premenstrual; students; study; symptoms; syndrome; university
Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Anomalies among Children Admitting Surgical Unit in Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Abdullah, Chawarwan Saleem; Hasan , Shukir Saleem (2023) - midwifery, Vol. 6, No. (2), Nov 2023 Original Article Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Anomalies among Children Admitting Surgical Unit in Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City ABSTRACT Backgrounds and objectives: Congenital anomalies, which can affect how the body oper- ates, are anatomical, functional, or metabolic abnormalities that develop during intrau- terine life. The study aimed to identify risk factors associated with congenital anomalies among children who are admitting to the surgical unit at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil city. Keywords: anomalies; article; case; children; control; factors; group; history; mothers; pregnancy; risk; study
Assessment of Hearing Loss Effects on Speech Difficulties by Speech Audiometry by Ibrahim Ali, Ronahi; Taher Ali, Ronak (2025) - There is a highly significant of the healthy controls compared with pa- tients with hearing loss. Identifying the underlying causes and potential interventions for individuals experiencing hearing loss. Keywords: article; audiometry; controls; detection; difference; hearing; loss; patient; recognition; sound; speech; study; threshold; vol; word
Neonatal Outcomes of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia among Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section in Erbil City by Abdulla, Sahar Ismail ; Aziz Saeed, Awaz; Majeed Saleh, Abubakir (2025) - Table 1 shows that the most (54%) of the participants in general anesthesia were in the age group 20–29 years, while 44% in spinal anesthesia were between 30-39 years. Oth- erwise, more than half 65% of the women in general anesthesia have previous gen- eral anesthesia, while over half 56% of study sample in spinal anesthesia have pre- vious general anesthesia. Keywords: anesthesia; apgar; article; cesarean; erbil; general; groups; section; spinal; study; women
Effectiveness of a Health Education Program on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients’ Knowledge in Surgical Specialty Hospital-Cardiac Center in Erbil City by Qadir, Dlzar Omer ; Younis, Yousif Mohammed (2024) - The literacy level of interme- diate school graduate was seen in (22%) intervention group patients and (16%) con- trol group patients, and the two groups had a significant difference in terms of edu- cation level (P ≤ 0.02). To enhance comparability between the intervention and control groups, several matching criteria were considered, including age, gender, socioeconomic status, and the severity of illness. Keywords: artery; article; bypass; control; control group; disease; group; intervention; intervention group; patients; study
Factors Associated with Poor Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Erbil City by Ismael, Dler Hamad (2023) - Conclusion: The quality of life of lung cancer was lower in physical well-being, functioning well-being, and lung cancer subscale compared to social/family well-being, and emotional well-being, as generally, the quality of life of most lung cancer patients was poor. keywords: Quality of life; Functional assessment of cancer therapy lung cancer subscale; Chemotherapy. and its related factors in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Keywords: article; cancer; cancer patients; doi; family; life; lung; lung cancer; patients; quality; study; subscale
Knowledge Practice and Lifestyle among Pregnant Women regarding Nausea and Vomiting in Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City by Sameer Maqsood, Shaymaa; Hasan Mustafa, Ibrahim (2025) - Over the years, a large number of modalities have been used to deal with debilitating conditions and the health state of pregnant women. The study aimed to find the prevalence of nausea and vomiting among pregnant women in the first trimester and to study the effect of an educational program on their knowledge and prac- tices regarding complementary and alternative medicine to reduce nausea and vomiting in the first trimester. Keywords: article; complementary; erbil; herbal; knowledge; medicine; nausea; pregnancy; results; study; vomiting; women
Non-pharmacologic Pain Management Knowledge and Barriers among Nurses in Erbil Hospitals by Hussain, Ronak Nematala (2023) - Non-pharmacological pain management is any interven- tion intended to improve health or well-being that does not involve the use of any drugs or medicine. Nurses had many barriers to using non-pharmacological pain management, like nursing workload and lake of protocol for pain management. Keywords: article; barriers; knowledge; management; methods; non; nurses; pain; pain management; study
Risk Factors Associated with Suicidality in Erbil City by Rasool, Ahmed Ali; Hamad, Abdulqader Hussein (2024) - Moreover, two questionnaire tools were used (risk factors associated with suicidality among the stud- ied samples, methods of suicide attempts that the study sample used, and assess- ment of the level of suicide risk (Colombia Suicide Severity Risk Scale)), and they have been used in many research studies with good validity and reliability (16). • The ques- tionnaire of this study includes sociodemo- graphic characteristics of the patients, risk factors associated with suicidality among the studied samples, Methods of suicide attempts that the study sample used, As- sessment of the level of suicide risk (Colombia Suicide Severity Risk Scale). Keywords: access; article; attempts; depression; erbil; factors; health; job; journal; risk; study; suicidality; suicide
Impact of Self-Efficacy Intervention Program on Caregivers Adherence toward Home-based Care Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus by Othman, Shevan Younis; Hasan, Shukir Saleem; Garjees, Nadir Abdullah (2023) - Moreover, it shows that mar- riage is 90.0% in control groups and 93.4% in intervention groups, respectively. midwifery, Vol. 6, No. (2), Nov 2023 Original Article caregiver occupation, the result reveals that, majority (80.0% and 73.2% respec- tively) of caregivers were out of work in both control and intervention groups re- spectively. Keywords: article; caregivers; children; control; diabetes; groups; intervention; self; study; test; type
Knowledge and Satisfaction for Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography at Surgical Specialty Hospital Cardiac Center in Erbil City by Qadir, Chnar Salahaddin (2023) - [4] Polikandrioti M, Babatsikou F. Information to coronary disease patients. The total sample was (n=350) coronary heart disease patients and was carefully chosen with a purposive sam- pling method according to the inclusion criteria of the study. Keywords: angiography; article; care; disease; health; heart; knowledge; level; patients; procedure; satisfaction; study; time
Unveiling the Veil of Mortality: Investigating the Multifaceted Causes and Consequences of Sudden Deaths through Post-Mortem Perspectives in Erbil City by Hassan, Dilman Azad (2024) - The complexity of the interaction of sudden death factors may be better controlled with this informed approach, thus enhancing the interven- tion and prevention efforts. Conclusion: The findings of this research also stress on the importance of smoking and gender differences related to sudden death that demand more careful consideration of the public health approaches , including genetic testing, modification in lifestyle and modification of the environment and so on. Keywords: article; atherosclerosis; causes; death; erbil; factors; gender; health; infarction; risk; smoking; study
COVID-19 among Smokers and Non-smokers in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq by Jamal Hamad, Kareem; Ghanim Al-Tawil , Namir (2025) - Although at first associations between smoking and COVID-19 infection and the outcomes were ambiguous, to date the reported data about tobacco smoking and COVID-19 disease adverse prognosis re- main controversial [2]. Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people. Keywords: article; covid-19; doi; erbil; level; smokers; smoking; study
Patient Satisfaction with the Quality of Nursing Care in Public and Private Hospitals in Erbil City by Mohammedameen, Ali Taher; Kamal Mahmod, Azzadin ; Bakr Omar, Yousif; Mohammed Qadir, Haval; Sadir Ali, Sideeq ; Ezzadin Sabir, Burhan (2024) - Significant associations were observed between sociodemographic factors and nursing care satisfaction (p < 0.001), with gender showing no significant association (p = 0.819). [25] Dinsa K, Gelana Deressa B, Beyene Salgedo W. Comparison of patients satisfaction levels toward nursing care in public and private hospitals, Jimma, Ethiopia. Keywords: article; care; doi; erbil; hospitals; nursing; nursing care; patients; quality; satisfaction; study
Students’ Perspective about Current Teaching Method in College of Nursing at Hawler Medical University by Anwer, Dlzar Sedeeq; Saleh, Abubakir Majeed ; Afan Naqshbandi, vian (2025) - midwifery, Vol. 8, No. (2), Nov 2025 Original Article Students’ Perspective about Current Teaching Method in College of Nursing at Hawler Medical University ABSTRACT Background and objectives: The current teaching method in the College of Nursing is mainly lecture, which plays a vital role for teaching and learning nursing students. Ad- ditional research conducted in Hong Kong has verified that evaluation techniques can affect nursing students' learning strate- gies. Keywords: article; college; learning; methods; nursing; students; study; teaching
Female Student’s Knowledge and Perception Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at Koya Technical Institute by Fadhil Omar, Iman ; Abubakr Husein, Gulala ; Hussein Khdhir, Zhyan (2025) - This study em- phasized that knowledge-sharing among medical students plays a crucial role in The socio-demographic characteristics of students regarding polycystic ovarian syn- drome Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and chronic endocrine disor- der commonly diagnosed in women of re- productive age. midwifery, Vol. 8, No. (2), Nov 2025 Original Article Female Student’s Knowledge and Perception Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at Koya Technical Institute ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. Keywords: article; erbil; health; international; journal; knowledge; nursing; participants; pcos; students; study; syndrome
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function Test in Post-COVID-19 Patients by Saber, Hemin Khalid ; Osthman, Baghawan Ahmed ; Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla (2025) - A quantitative, descriptive study design was conducted on post-COVID-19 patients at the medical wards in Rizgary and Hawler Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City in the Kur- distan Region of Iraq. For in- stance, while our study reports a high prevalence of cough and shortness of breath, Huang et al. (2021) found a similar pattern of respiratory symptoms in their cohort of post-COVID-19 patients. Keywords: article; association; blood; covid-19; high; patients; post; severity; spirometry; study
Job Satisfaction among Nurses Who Work in the Oncology Unit in Erbil City by Saleh, Goran; Al-Banna, Dara; Ahmed, Hanan (2025) - Conclusion: The study concluded that factors such as gender, age, education, and work experience can influence job satisfaction among oncology nurses. Another study by [15] investigated job satisfaction among oncology nurses in Brazil and found that job satisfaction was positively correlated with the level of edu- cation, compensation, and job security. Keywords: article; erbil; job; nurses; oncology; opportunities; satisfaction; study; work; working

Nursing

The Significance of Qualitative Research in Nursing Practice by Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla (2018) - Qualitative research in nursing science deals with the lived experiences of patients and nurses in different filed in providing of health care and services for achieving favorable patient outcomes. According to the World Health Organi- zation, qualitative research aims to explore people’s needs, values, perceptions and experiences of the world around them, in- cluding of health, illness, healthcare ser- vices, and more broadly of social systems and their policies and processes. Keywords: health; nursing
Dialysis-Related Factors Affecting Activities of Daily Living in Patients on Hemodialysis in Erbil City by Ali, Sideeq Sadir; Naqshbandi, Vian Afan; Sedeeq, Shihab Ahmed (2021) - Another study that was con- ducted on physical activity of HD patients revealed that their physical activity was lower than other patients, because of many problems, complications and stress- ful factors related to the condition and treatment Table 1 shows the socio-economic charac- teristics of HD patients. Keywords: activity; adls; complications; disease; erbil; hemodialysis; journal; midwifery; nursing; patients; study; yes
A Comparative Study of Nurses Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning Fluid Therapy in Children in Public versus Private Hospitals in Erbil City by Othman, Nazar Ramadhan; Ahmed, Abbas Abdulqader (2020) - Concerning nurse attitudes, our study revealed that 47.1% of nurses had a fair attitude about public hospitals while 67.9% had fair atti- tudes about private hospitals. The main aim of the study was to compare nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning fluid therapy in children in public versus private hospitals. Keywords: erbil; fluid; hospitals; journal; knowledge; midwifery; nurses; nursing; practice; study
Appraising Quality of Nursing Practices in the Medical and Surgical Wards of Public Hospitals in Erbil City by Esmael, Zhyan Abdulla; Al-Tawil, Namir Ghanim (2020) - A shortage of staff could be considered as a contributing factor for poor nurse performance, and this was supported by a study done in Na- mibia by Soilkki et al (2014) Many studies have found that nurses assume responsi- bility for first contact and ongoing care for all presenting patients. Keywords: care; erbil; hospital; journal; nurses; nursing; performance; quality; study
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Heart Failure Education Principles in Erbil Teaching Hospital: Original Article by Ahmed, Bootan Hasan; Ali, Sideeq Sadir; Naqshbandi, Vian Afan; Mohammed, Ribwar Arsalan (2018) - This study aims to investigate nurses’ knowledge regarding the treatments that can be taught to heart failure patients to im- prove self-care. Hence, educa- tion of heart failure patients and their fam- ilies is critical. Keywords: failure; heart; hospital; knowledge; nurses; nursing; patients; study
Nurse/Midwives' practices during labor and delivery in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City: Original Article by Muhammad Nuriy, Lana Abdul-Hamed; Ahmed, Hamdia Mirkhan (2018) - A questionnaire was designed by the researcher which con- sisted of nurse/midwives' background in- formation, in addition of an observational check list to observe nurse/midwives prac- tices during all four stages of labor through reviewing of related literature regarding standard labor and delivery care. Complications of labor and birth can lead to maternal and infant mor- tality *4+, these include: premature rupture of the membranes, prolonged labor, re- tained placenta, excessive vaginal bleed- ing, malpositioning of the fetus, hypertonic uterine, primary inertia, prolonged latent Background and objective: Labor is a life-changing event and is a high-risk time for both the fetus and the mother which affects them physically and emotionally, so proper care during labor and delivery is important. Keywords: care; delivery; labor; midwives; mother; nurse; nursing; study
Lived Experiences of Patients with COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq: A Qualitative Study by Ibrahim, Sarhang Qadir (2021) - The present study aims to develop plans to improve the quality of life among COVID-19 patients by an- alyzing their lived experiences. Results: The present study results indicated that COVID-19 patients have a difficult time dealing with the disease and getting adapted to their new situation, leading to a remarka- ble decrease in the quality of their lives. Keywords: covid-19; disease; erbil; fear; health; journal; nursing; pandemic; patients; people; stress; study
Quality of Immediate Nursing Care Provided to Newborn at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City: Original Article by Jamsheer, Kurdistan Mirza; Shaker, Norhan Zeki (2018) - After review the related literatures and visiting the delivery room the study instru- ment were developed by researchers, in- cluding of two parts: first part was an in- terview form: A list of (10) items covered nurses/midwives' socio-demographic and working related data (age, levels of educa- tion, marital status, number of experience years in delivery rooms, interests in work- ing at delivery room, number of training course in immediate newborn care, type of working shift, number of nurses/midwives' participated in the delivery of same new- born, number of delivery nurses/midwives' performed at each shift. Newborn care is very important for the proper development and healthy life of baby. Keywords: care; delivery; midwives; newborn; nurses; nursing; quality; room
Prevalence of Cancer-related Fatigue among Women with Breast Cancer in Erbil City by Radha, Shinwy Bakhtyiar; Younis, Yousif Muhammed (2020) - [38].Severity of cancer related fatigue Concerning the severity of fatigue of pre- sent study since last week, almost half of breast cancer patients 53.3% were expe- rience severe degree; whereas 30% got moderate fatigue, and 16.7% were as- sume mild degree of fatigue, the study result is reinforced by the study conduct- ed by Campos et al at 2011 in Brazil among 260 patients demonstrated fa- tigue severity as 47% for sever fatigue, 42% for moderate fatigue, and 10% for mild fatigue[39], while; American Cancer Society accomplished research in 2015 to under the title “screening, evaluation, https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2020.13 Erbil j. nurs. The current study aimed at assessing prevalence of cancer related fatigue among women with breast cancer. Keywords: breast; breast cancer; cancer; erbil; fatigue; journal; midwifery; nursing; participants; patients; study; treatment; women
Quality of Immediate Postoperative Nursing Care for Patients in Public and Private Hospitals in Erbil City, Iraq- Comparative Study by Ali, Sideeq Sadir (2020) - The fundamental job of nursing care is centered around or depend- ent on the patients’ vital signs, torment evaluation, focal venous weight, implanta- tion rates and hourly pee yield [7], and agony evaluation and dispensing medica- tions [8]. Also another study that conducted to ex- plore patients’ opinions of nursing care and to identify predictors of patients’ experi- ences of nursing care on 225 adult patients in medical-surgical in Jordan, The encoun- ters of nursing care all out score in this ex- amination were relatively high 74% [11]. Keywords: care; erbil; hospitals; nurses; nursing; post; practice; private; public; study
Attitudes of Faculty and Students toward Open-book Examination as a Teaching Strategy in Nursing Education at Hawler Medical University by Anwer, Dlzar Sedeeq; Mamhusseini, Asma; Omar, Yousif Bakr; Othman, Murad Sherzad (2020) - A survey was con- ducted in order to determine whether stu- dents preferred open book examination and the reasons for their preference. [3] Gujral S, Gupta M. A study of attitude of teachers and students towards open book and closedbook assessment. Keywords: book; examinations; nursing; students; study; teachers
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses in Erbil Teaching Hospitals: Original Article by Abdulla, Salih Ahmed (2018) - Association of self- estimated workloads with musculoskeletal symptoms hospital nurses. https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2018.06 EJNM, Vol. 1, No. (1), May, 2018 Original Article Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses in Erbil Teaching Hospitals ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Work-related musculoskeletal disor- ders (WMSDs) are isolated or shared prob- lems in the muscles, tendons, synovial membranes (joint tissue) nerves, fascia (connective tissue) and ligaments, with or without tissue degeneration. Keywords: disorders; nurses; nursing; prevalence; study; wmsds; work
A Qualitative Investigation into the Lived Experiences of Critical Care Nurses Working on Night Shifts by Rasheed, Halmat Authman; Aziz, Newroz Ghazi; Osman, Goran Aboobaker (2021) - A purposive sampling method was used to investigate their lived experiences of working night shifts. The results of the present study showed that the nurses interpreted their lived experience of working night shifts as ex- tra workload, psychosocial issues, sleep problems, and physiological issues. Keywords: erbil; experience; issues; night; nurses; nursing; shift; sleep; study; working
Knowledge and Practices of Students Regarding the Use of Face Masks to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Sabir, Burhan Izzaddin; Sideeq, Shahab Ahmad; Omer, Yousif Baker ; Khalaf, Nasir Khadir ; Ali, Sideeq Sadir (2022) - The virus spreads primarily by Background and Objectives: Many countries are implementing face masks as part of their pandemic prevention strategies. The highest levels of practical knowledge were related to wearing face masks in hospital premises to protect against COVID-19 (91.8%) and wearing masks in public spaces to protect against COVID-19 (87.1%). Keywords: erbil; face; health; knowledge; mask; nursing; students; study
Effect of Video Game on School Achievement in School Age Children in Erbil/City by Othman, Nazar Ramadhan; Khedir, Rozhan Tofiq; Azeez, Gulala Kareem; Qadir, Kaify Jamil (2021) - Current estimations have revealed that one in three children under the age of 18 uses Background and objectives: Playing video games is associated with poor academic achieve- ment, Student who got their game systems directly spent less time on homework and, four months later, they got lower reading and writing scores, their teachers were more likely to report academic difficulties. The aim of study is to identify the effect of play video game on school achievement. Keywords: achievement; children; erbil; games; internet; midwifery; nursing; playing; school; students; study; video
Challenges of Implementing Nurse Educator Core Competencies as Per-ceived by Clinical Instructors in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. by Aziz, Newroz Ghazi; Naqshbandi, Vian Affan; Rasheed, Halmat Authman (2022) - “Last year in the first week, with my students we had to wait more than one hour outside of emergency department be- cause we were not allowed to enter the department that claimed that we did not have a permission” (Participant #7).“Not acknowledging the importance to practice clinical education at teaching hospitals was discussed with the director at the Ministry of Health, who claimed that the best solu- tion is to have a private hospital belong to the college of nursing” (Participant #8).CIs and nursing students, during clinical days, have, however, solved some of the prob- lems of nursing shortages by putting a lot of effort into looking after admitted pa- tients and their relatives. The second phase used the interpretive phenomeno- logical approach to explore the CIs’ experi- ence of clinical education challenges. Keywords: challenges; cis; education; erbil; health; learning; midwifery; nurse; nursing; participants; students; study; teaching
Nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Duhok City by Barwari, Ronak Muhammad; Kadhim, Sarah Jawad; Mohammed-Saber, Khalid Ibrahim (2022) - Nurses require gov- ernments, policymakers, and nursing groups to engage in supporting nurses dur- ing the pandemic [8]. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in the Duhok City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Keywords: care; covid-19; erbil; health; nurses; nursing; pandemic; risk; study; work
Knowledge and Attitudes about Precautionary Measures of COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students: A Comparative Study by Rasheed, Halmat Authman (2022) - Most study participants in both departments lived in urban areas, less than 7% of nursing students lived in rural areas, and 5% of English students lived in suburban areas. The rate of students in- fected with COVID-19 was higher among nursing students than English students. Keywords: attitude; covid-19; department; english; knowledge; medical; nursing; students; study
Quality of Nursing Care for Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City by Mamo, Jihad Rasool; Shaker, Norhan Zaki (2024) - As re- gards infection control, half (50%) of the nurses had a fair level of quality nursing care, and there was an average total mean of scores (1.92)., More than half (54%) of the nurses had a fair level of quality of nursing care regarding intrave- nous administration, and there was an average total mean of scores in this do- main (2.12).Regarding cannulation, around half (52%) of the nurses had a fair level of quality nursing care, there was an average total mean of scores (2.23). The highest percentage (64%) of the nurses had a good level of knowledge, while the highest percentage (74%) of the nurses had a fair level of quality nursing care. Keywords: care; fair; knowledge; level; nrds; nurses; nursing; nursing care; quality; result; study
Students’ Attitude Towards Moodle Learning Management System as A Teaching Strategy in Nursing Educations by Anwer, Dlzar Sedeeq (2023) - There are many aspects of the Moodle e-learning platform (MEP) that make it useful for educational and learning purposes. Moodle is an example of an e-learning platform that may be utilized in the classroom. Keywords: learning; moodle; nursing; students; study; teaching; use
Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Body Mechanic Techniques at Emergency Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City/Kurdistan region – Iraq by Rasoul, Kameran Wzw; Hussain, Ronak Nematalah (2024) - midwifery, Vol. 7, No. (2), Nov 2024 Original Article Figure2 depicts the distribution frequency of nurses according to the practice of body mechanics , the highest percentage Regarding nurses’ knowledge, Table 2 shows that the mean score is 15.113 for nurses' knowledge out of a total of 25 questions with a standard Of emergency nurses, 86% had fair prac- tice and 14% of emergency nurses had poor practices of body mechanics. deviation of 2.427. The result of this study shows that the majority of nurses had fair practice and the lowest percent- age of emergency nurses had poor practic- es of body mechanics. Keywords: body; emergency; knowledge; mechanics; nurses; nursing; practice
Knowledge and Practice of Nurses and Midwives Regarding Immediate Care after Birth at Two Tertiary Centers in the Kurdistan Region by Bayiz Abdulrahman, Nergz; Bahram Ahmed, Sazan; Tahseen Kareem, Nazeera; Mirhamad Abdullah, Suham (2024) - midwifery, Vol. 7, No. (1), May, 2024 Original Article care after birth nurses and midwifery the highest percentage (71.2%) were high practice and the lowest percentage had been (5.8%) poor practice with all socio demographic data of the study sample. statical significant association between knowledge with practice nurses and mid- wifery regarding (ICAB). Keywords: birth; care; knowledge; midwifery; midwives; nurses; nursing; postpartum; practice; study
Assessing the Performance of Statistical Tools for Postoperative Nursing Care Quality of Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Teaching Hospitals at Erbil City by Zakarya Shakir, Yahya; Izzaddin Sabir, Burhan ; Abdulla Omer, Paree khan ; Taher Mohammedameen, Ali (2024) - However, despite its bene- fits, postoperative nursing care plays a criti- cal role in ensuring optimal patient out- comes and quality of care delivery. In teaching hospitals across Erbil City, the efficacy of postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing LC is paramount, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of the statistical tools employed to assess care quality. Keywords: binomial; care; non; nurses; nursing; patients; postoperative; study
Nurses Job Satisfaction in Health Care Institutions in Duhok City by Sarkees, Alaa; Azzez, Salim Saeed (2019) - Available from: https:// doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-156 *2+ Haijuan W, YongPin N, and Bibo X. Main factors influencing nurse job satisfaction. Regarding nurses level of educa- tion, most of the participants completed secondary nursing schools because college level nursing was just established at 2007. Keywords: care; health; job; nurses; nursing; satisfaction; study; work
Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Measures’ Knowledge and Experienced Types of Hazards among Nursing Staff in Rania Hospital by Ahmed, Shakhawan Azad; Shareef, Omar Hussein (2019) - Occupational health nurses have per- formed critical roles in the planning and delivery of worksite health and safety ser- vices. Conclusions: Nurses did not have complete knowledge regarding occupational health and safety measures and they experienced different types of hazards during their working years. Keywords: hazards; health; hospital; measures; nurses; nursing; occupational; safety; study; work
Role of Nurses in Health Needs of Refugees and Internally Displaced Peoples by Mohammedsadiq, Hawar Abdulrazaq; Ahmed, Sana Thannon; MuhammedHassan, Saadia Kadhim (2019) - Infectious diseases are very common Background and objectives: Nurses working in refugee camps face to high basic health needs of these populations requiring a nursing role in this situation. Conclusions: The study documented that a considerable percentage of nurses have partici- pated in the nursing-based activities in refugee camps. Keywords: camps; duhok; education; health; idps; midwifery; nurses; nursing; refugees; study
Perception of Undergraduate Nursing Students Regarding Humor’s Using as a Teaching Strategy in the Classroom at College of Nursing in Erbil City by Anwer, Dlzar Sedeeq; Shaker, Norhan Zeki; Aziz, Adnan Rasheed (2019) - Nursing students may feel a sense of boredom in class and therefore, it is important for faculty and instructors to incorporate humor in both the class and clinical setting to improve the overall learning environment. Keywords: humor, classroom, nurse educator, nursing students, nursing education Dlzar Sedeeq Anwer; Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. Keywords: class; classroom; course; humor; nursing; students; teacher
Immediately Postpartum Care among Nurses/Midwives in Rania City by Khdir, Renas Mohammed; Abdul-sahib, Sanaa Hassan (2018) - Incomplete and substandard immediate postpartum care by nurses/ midwives in this study may be due to an abscene of hospital policies, guidelines, and protocol for care in the delivery room regarding postpartum care. All nurses and midwives were observed by researcher during immediate postpartum care and their knowledge were assessed through 30 minutes interviews. Keywords: care; knowledge; midwives; nurses; nursing; postpartum; study
Knowledge and Perspectives of Postgraduate Nurses regarding Competency of Advanced Nursing Practice in Kurdistan Region of Iraq by Ahmed, Bootan Hasan; Mohammed, Ribwar Arsalan; Abdulsahib, Sanaa Hassan; Naqshbandi, Vian Afan (2018) - A literature review of advanced clinical nursing practice in the United States of America. No academic title 5 10 Total 50 100 Qualification MSc 34 68 PhD 16 32 Total 50 100 Regarding the prerequisite qualification to take ANP role, 22% of participants thought that holding a diploma was a minimum requirement, compared to 20% who believed that holding a Masters degree was required. Keywords: anp; care; erbil; health; nurse; nursing; participants; practice
Quality of Pre Cardiac Catheterization Nursing Care at Surgical Specialty Hospital-Cardiac Center in Erbil City by Omer, Yousif Baker (2020) - The relationship between the length of ex- perience in nursing and overall quality of pre cardiac catheterization nursing care: The highest percentages of the nurses (63.6) had 1 – 5 years of experiences in nursing care, while the none (0.0) of the nurses had >10 years of experiences in nursing care that means the numbers of nurses with fair score were more in com- paring with good score of the nurses. Conclusion: Nursing care had sometimes to never level, but need continuous knowledge and training course regarding nursing care. Keywords: care; catheterization; nurses; nursing; patient; quality; study
Knowledge and Self-care Practices of Adolescent Students with Pre-menstrual Syndrome in Erbil City by Ahmed, Sazan; Saeed, Awaz (2019) - The majority (75.5%) of students knew about symptoms of Premenstrual syndrome different from woman to woman or cycle to cycle, while most (63%) of school girls never practiced yoga to decrease Premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The findings are in contrast with the result of a study done by Abdalla and Gibreel, in Saudi Arabia at 2016 and included 60 students between 20-24 years to determine the effects of an educational program in increasing knowledge and re- ducing premenstrual syndrome symptoms and severity among nursing college stu- dents, they reported that the majority of the students were taking sleep throught month to manage symptoms of PMS (10). Keywords: erbil; knowledge; nursing; pms; premenstrual; students; study; symptoms; syndrome
Consequences of Emotional Intelligence in Nursing: A Concept Analysis by Alsufyani, Abdulaziz Mohsen; Baker, Omar Ghazi; Alsufyani, Yasir Mohsen (2020) - [6] showed that emotional intelligence was initially mentioned in the nursing field Background and Objectives: Emotional intelligence refers to a social skill, which enables individu- al to better regulate emotions and cope up with the different demands and environmental pres- sures. This paper aimed to examine the consequences of emotional intelligence in the nursing profession by presenting its concepts, definitions, models, and implications. Keywords: care; concept; emotional; emotions; intelligence; journal; midwifery; nurses; nursing; practice; professional

Knowledge

Knowledge of Pharmacy Staff Regarding Over the Counter Medications in Erbil City by Aziz, Araz Abdulmajid; Abdulla, Salih Ahmed (2019) - Data were collected through direct interview with participants, A questionnaire was used for interviewing the pharmacy staff about socio- demographic characteristics and knowledge regarding OTC medications. Conclusion: There is a limited knowledge about OTC medications among staff working in pharmacies. Keywords: erbil; knowledge; level; medications; midwifery; otc; pharmacy; sample; staff; study
Knowledge of Shaken Baby Syndrome among Hospital Nurses in Erbil City by Shaker, Norhan Zeki; Muhammad, Madiha Abbas; Aziz, Gulala Kream (2021) - Regarding nurses knowledge about signs and symp- toms of SBS, the finding of the present study reveals that majority of nurses did not know the signs and symptoms of SBS and gave incorrect answers to the ques- tionnaire items (irritable, lethargy, poor feeding, breathing problems, uncontrolla- ble crying, vomiting, bluish skin, changes in sleeping patterns, convulsions or sei- zures and unresponsive). Nurses criteria Nurses knowledge levels (n=50) Fair* F (%) Keywords: baby; erbil; knowledge; nurses; sbs; study; syndrome
Heart Failure Patients’ Knowledge and Barriers of Low Sodium Diet Adherence in Erbil City by Qadir, Chnar Salahaddin (2020) - The objective of the study was to assess knowledge and perceived barriers of low sodium diet adherence of heart failure patients in Erbil City. Results: The results show that majority of heart failure patients were low knowledge (80%) and high perceived barriers (66%) to low sodium diet adherence. Keywords: adherence; barriers; diet; erbil; failure; heart; knowledge; patients; sodium; study
Health Professional’s Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Adolescent Pregnancy Care in Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City by Mustafa, Srwa Abdulrahman; Mirkhan, Hamdia Ahmad (2020) - The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude among nurses and physicians in Erbil Primary Health Care Centers regarding adolescent pregnancy care and comparing them. Conclusions: Health professionals working in maternal and child health care units need improving their knowledge and attitude regarding adolescent pregnancy care. Keywords: adolescent; attitude; care; erbil; health; knowledge; nurses; pregnancy; pregnant; study
Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers about Children Immunization and Barriers to Adherence the Program, in Erbil City by Abdullah, Suham Mir Hamad; Mustafa, Ibrahim Hasan (2022) - Mothers with a high level of knowledge (53%) were aged 37 to 41 years, and mothers with a low level of knowledge (32.2%) were aged 22 to 26 years. midwifery, Vol. 5, No. (1), May 2022 Original Article Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers about Children Immunization and Barriers to Adherence the Program, in Erbil City ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Immunity can be defined as a state of cre- ating sufficient biological defenses in the body to fight harmful microbes (including bacteria or viruses) to avoid infections, dis- ease, or another unwanted biological invasion. Keywords: attitude; children; erbil; immunization; knowledge; level; mothers; study; vaccination
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices related to COVID-19 among People in Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Survey by Ahmed, Shalaw Faris; Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla; Shakor, Jamal Kareem; Nariman, Sairan Khurshed; Taha, Ari Ahmed (2022) - By evaluating public understanding and knowledge of COVID-19, it is possible to gain deeper insights into public knowledge and attitudes, and thus help to recognize characteristics that affect the public when implementing safe practices and sensitive activities The availability of data on population knowledge, attitudes, and practices about COVID-19 or other relat- ed viruses, particularly in the Kurdistan Region is limited. Keywords: coronavirus; covid-19; disease; erbil; knowledge; kurdistan; practices; study
Knowledge and Practices of High School Teachers Regarding Healthy Life Style in Erbil City/Iraq by Abdul-Jabbar, Mohammed- Tahr; Aziz, Kareem Fattah (2023) - The outcome of the study indi- cated that teachers had good knowledge and practices about their healthy lifestyle in school this outcome was contraindicated or not accepted with a study done by [7] who revealed that the knowledge and practice of school teachers regarding healthy lifestyles was poor. Knowledge and atti- tude of school teachers towards promoting healthy lifestyle to students. Keywords: healthy; knowledge; lifestyles; practices; status; study; teachers
Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes of Nurses Regarding Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in the Midwifery Ward by Shareef, Shahla Shkak; Piro, Tiran Jamil (2023) - It permits no additional restrictions on use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. respondents who had favorable attitudes towards labor pain management were 2.82 times more likely to do good practice than others. Moreover, the results of the pre- sent study is supported by [20] in Hawassa city on 305 obstetric care providers who found that a favorable attitude towards labor pain management, were 2.97 times more likely to practice labor pain manage- ment compared to their counterparts. Keywords: delivery; hospitals; knowledge; labor; management; nurses; pain; pain management; pharmacological; public; study
Knowledge of High School Teachers Regarding Healthful School Environment in Erbil City by Fattah Saleh, Bakhtiar; Ahmed Abdulla , Salih (2024) - Table 1 shows that the majority (74%) of private school teachers were aged (25-37), young- er than public schools (64.6%) were aged between (38-50) years (p < 0.001).The per- centage of male in private school teachers was (64%), which was higher than male in public school teachers from 51.2% (p = More than two-thirds (68.1%) of public school teachers compared to 74% of private school teachers knew the school health policy is a written guideline which helps in the effective monitoring and evalu- ation of the school health program, and no significant difference was detected be- tween the two groups of teachers (p = 0.403). Keywords: health; knowledge; policy; private; public; school; study; teachers
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers of Blood Donation among Students of Soran Technical College: A Cross-Sectional Study by Ahmed, Sarud Manaf ; Tahir, Arazoo Issa; Seniar, Magroom Esmail (2023) - The current study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward blood donation among Soran tech- nical college students. A self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used to collect information concerning socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding blood donation. Keywords: attitude; blood; donation; health; knowledge; students; study
Knowledge and Attitude regarding the Family Planning among Spouses in Sub-Urban Primary Health Care Centres in Erbil Province: by Muhammed, Suzan Mustafa ; Piro, Tiran Jamil (2024) - The sources of infor- mation about family planning methods for husbands were 56.3% from social media, and the wives 54.9% from family. Their overall knowledge regarding family planning methods was fair. Keywords: association; family; family planning; husband; knowledge; planning; study; wife
Effectiveness of Health Teaching on Women’s Knowledge and Skills Regarding Breast Self-Examination in Primary Health Centers in Erbil City/Iraq by Aziz, Kareem Fattah; Maqsud, Shayma Sameer (2019) - midwifery, Vol. 2, No. (1), May, 2019 Original Article Effectiveness of Health Teaching on Women’s Knowledge and Skills Regarding Breast Self-Examination in Primary Health Centers in Erbil City/Iraq ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The main causes of mortality and morbidity among women in developed and develop- ing countries are breast cancer * Clinical breast examination, mammography and Breast self-examination BSE may help de- tection of breast cancer in early time. Keywords: breast; bse; cancer; knowledge; skills; women
Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women towards Antenatal Exercise in Erbil City by Abdullah, Warda Hassan; Najib, Badia Mohammed (2019) - Improving the quantity and quality of information related to physical exercise has the potential to correct Background and objective: Antenatal exercises provide many health benefits not only to pregnant mothers, but also to the fetuses. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge and attitude of preg- nant women towards antenatal exercises. Keywords: antenatal; erbil; exercise; knowledge; midwifery; pregnancy; study; women
Effect of a Health Educational Program on Patients Knowledge regarding Heart Failure: A Quasi-Experimental Study by Baeez, Younus Khudhur; Younis, Yousif Mohammed (2019) - [10] Tiny J, Torben L, Anna S. Practical guide on home health in heart failure patients. According to the cases group main domains knowledge along pre-post peri- ods, the results showed that the GMS of patients knowledge regarding heart fail- ure in the study group has been improved after exposure to a health education pro- gram, and this was indicated by the sig- nificant difference between pre-test and post-test of the results. Keywords: failure; group; heart; knowledge; patients; post; program; study
Scope of Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Child Fever Management in Ranya city/Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq by Ameen, Blend Barzan (2020) - There was a positive association between level of education and mothers' knowledge regarding child fever management. The first part in- cluded the socio-demographic characteris- tics of mothers, and part two included 12 items related to the mothers’ knowledge regarding child fever management. Keywords: child; children; erbil; fever; health; journal; knowledge; management; mothers; study; temperature

Health

Lifestyle Behaviors among Nursing Students in Hawler Medical University: Original Article by Azeez, Kareem Fattah (2018) - It is therefore important to investigate health behaviors among young people. Adolescent health behaviors and related factors: a review. Keywords: behaviors; health; lifestyle; students; study
Patient’s Satisfaction with Health Care Services in Erbil City/Iraq by Qadir, Dlzar Omer; Qader, Saleem Saaed; Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla; Rasool, Ahmed Ali; Shakor, Jamal Kareem (2021) - Conclusion: Most of the patients were satisfied with private health care services but not with public hospitals health services in selected hospitals in Erbil City in Iraq. On the contrary, most of the patients in private hospitals (80%) were satisfied with their care, with only 20% expressing a neutral level of satisfaction with private health care services. Keywords: care; erbil; health; hospitals; patient; public; satisfaction; study
Nurses’ Self-report on the Infection Control Unit Activities and their Experience in the Hospital toward Nosocomial Infections in the Sulaimani Hospitals by Haji, Ramand Mohammed; Abdilkarim, Dana Abdilmagid; Ali, Salar Ibrahim; Mohammad, Srwa Salih (2020) - The inquiry into the experiences of participated nurses with the cleaning of their working uniforms at hospitals revealed that 444 nurses (84.6%) stated that they were responsible for washing their working uniforms and 41 (7.8%) stated that their working uniforms were cleaned by the hospital cleaning staff (Table 3).Furthermore, a large number of nurses stated that their hospitals did not have a dedicated team for checking and cleaning medical staff uniforms; whereas, 144 (27.4%) of the participating nurses said that the hospitals had such a team. Background and objectives: Nurses can prevent the occurrence and transmission of noso- comial infections by following infection control measures such as wearing gloves and masks, using appropriate disinfection of skin and preventing accidental needle-stick inju- ries. Keywords: control; erbil; health; hospital; infection; journal; nis; nurses; study; uniforms; unit
Physical Activity and Perceived Barriers among Type2 Diabetic Patients in Erbil City by Ahmed, Rezhna Abdullah; Hussain, Ronak Nihmatala (2020) - Data was col- lected using an interview based questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic data, clinical characteristics, Physical activity assessed using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and standardized questionnaire developed by the Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention for determining barriers of physical activity. No study in Iraq even in Kurdistan region on physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients, the aim of this study was to assess physical activities and determine barriers to physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients. Keywords: activity; barriers; diabetes; erbil; health; journal; lack; patients; study; type
Dietary Habits among Medical Science Students in Duhok City by Ramadhan, Dilkhosh Shamal; Tahir, Arazoo Issa; Abdullah, Rebar Yahya (2021) - Keywords: Dietary habits, Medical students, Nutrition, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Dilkhosh Shamal Ramadhan; Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Duhok University, Duhok, Iraq. A similar propensity for missing breakfast 72 Erbil Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Table 3: Mean weekly consumption of food items of medical students according to gen- ders. Keywords: dietary; eating; erbil; food; habits; health; journal; students; study; university
Patient’s Satisfaction with Coronary Artery Disease Concerning Medical Care Services at Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City by ismael, Srusht Dhahier; Mohammad Younis, Yousif (2025) - There was a significant difference among patients’ medical care satisfaction: age, gender, marital status, and oc- cupational status. Table 3: Overall levels of satisfaction with medical services among patients with CAD (n=205) Table 4: Difference between socio-demographics characteristics of study sample and medical care satisfaction (n=205) Keywords: care; disease; health; internet; medical; patients; samples; satisfaction; status; study
Health Related Quality of Life among Patients with Prostate Cancer in Erbil, Iraq by Omar, Hiwa; Hamad Ameen, Berivan ; Omer, Bakhtyar; Omar, Yousif (2025) - This study aimed to identify health re- lated-quality of life domains in patients with prostate cancer and compare it with body mass index and time passed from prostate cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: The study concluded that both body mass index and time since diagnosis sig- nificantly affect health-related quality of life in prostate cancer patients. Keywords: cancer; diagnosis; functioning; health; life; patients; prostate; quality; study; symptoms; time
Patients' Satisfaction about Health Services in Out-patients Clinics of Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City by Mustafa, Ibrahim Hasan; Satar, Ako Ramadan (2019) - *5+ Asefa A., Kassa A., Dessalegn M. Patient satisfaction with outpatient health services in Hawassa University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: part one socio-demographic and hospitalization data and part two included 59 questions about health care services. Keywords: erbil; health; levels; patients; satisfaction; services; study
Depression and Anxiety among Iraqi Women: A Systematic Review by Mishkin, Kathryn; Chaterpateah, Bibi; Bresier, Valerie; Fraser, Jaleen (2018) - Two de- scribed maternal mental illness and three focused on mental illness in the general popu- lation, with two of the three including information specific to women. Because the global rate of mental illness diagnoses increased nearly 20% over 10 years from 2005 to 2015, , mental illness in the form Background and objective: Maternal mental health is considered an important subject among leading public health experts. Keywords: anxiety; depression; health; illness; iraq; mental; midwifery; prevalence; women

Nurses

Nurses’ Awareness toward Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Kirkuk City Hospitals by Saadoon, Burhan Qader; Abdulla, Salih Ahmed (2021) - Conclusion: The awareness level of breast cancer risk factors among nurses working in Kirkuk city hospitals was generally high. Regarding to the gender was highly significant differences be- tween the nurses’ awareness of breast cancer risk factors. Keywords: awareness; breast; cancer; factors; level; nurses; risk; study
Impact of Nurse’s Satisfaction on Work Performance: Original Article by Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla (2018) - Authors Platis et al presented a study under the ti- tle “Relation between job satisfaction and job performance in healthcare services”, they showed that self-satisfaction of quan- tity of work versus self-satisfaction of productivity has a significant, strong, and positive correlation (r=0.76). The impact of job satisfaction on job performance: An empirical analysis. Keywords: job; leaders; nurses; performance; satisfaction; study; team; work

Patients

Physical Activities among Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetic Centers in Kurdistan Region, Iraq by Alhagbaker, Jawdat Mamand; Ali, Sideeq Sadir; Ahmed, Bekhal Saber (2020) - In regards to these three categories of physical activity, they were defined by IPAQ as Category 1 being low physical activity level, Category 2 being moderate physical activity level including at least 20 minutes of vigorous intensity level activities done per day for 3 or more days per week, or at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity per day for five 58 Erbil Journal of Nursing & Midwifery RESULTS https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2020.07 Erbil j. nurs. In type 2 diabetes melli- tus, randomized controlled trials illustrated Background and objective: Physical activity is defined as basic public health for the human body and one of the main treatments for many chronic diseases, especially diabetes melli- tus. Keywords: activity; association; diabetes; disease; erbil; level; mellitus; patients; physical; study
Assessment of the Levels of Hopelessness among the Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in Sulaimani City by Faraj, Taha Ahmad; Muhsin, Salwa Shakir (2020) - Table 3 :the significant difference between calculated mean and theoretical mean in hopelessness measures for the sample using -test Variable Sample Calculative mean standard deviation theoretical mean value Level of signifi- cance hopelessness 150 9.860 4.676 10 0.367 Non-significant Table 4 :Distribution of the sample according to the level of hopelessness Statistical Indicator Level of hopelessness Total Minimal Score 0-3 Mild Score 4-8 Moderate Score 9-14 Sever Score ≥15 Frequency 18 45 60 27 150 Percentage %12 %30 %40 %18 %100 Table 5 :the differences of mean scores of hopelessness in regard to suicide attempt fac- tor among patients Variables Suicide attempt Number Mean score Standard Deviation value Level of sig- nificant Hopelessness midwifery, Vol. 3, No. (1), May, 2020 Original Article Assessment of the Levels of Hopelessness among the Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in Sulaimani City ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION There is a growing belief that major de- pressive disorder (MDD) can be associated with increased feelings of powerlessness which leads to the cycle of loss. Keywords: depression; disorder; erbil; hopelessness; level; mean; patients; study
Anxiety and Depression Levels with Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Patients in Erbil City – Iraq by Kareem, Mosleh Saber; Taher, Diyar Hussain (2021) - This study aimed to evaluate the severity of anxiety and depression levels in breast cancer patients and their risk factors for breast cancer. According to the findings, the majority of breast cancer patients suffer from anxiety and depression, and obesity is one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Keywords: anxiety; breast; cancer; depression; factors; patients; risk; study; women
Psychological Distress in Diabetic and Myocardial Infarction Patients in Erbil City- Comparative Study by Kareem, Mosleh Saber; Awla, Muhammad Hasan ; Anwar, Dlzar Sadeeq ; Azeez, Iman Saleh ; Ali, Sideeq Sadir (2023) - The average level of depres- sion in DM patients is 10.28, while the av- erage level of depression in MI patients is 13.52, with a standard deviation of 9.755. The overall levels of worry and stress among DM patients are higher than the overall levels among MI patients. Keywords: anxiety; depression; diabetes; erbil; infarction; level; patients; stress
Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in Erbil City by Qader, Haval Mohammed; Naqshbandi, Vian Afan (2019) - Which is in the line with the study carried out by Brzanji which aimed to assess quali- ty of life for dialysis patients in Kirkuk city which showed that the more than half of patients were illiterate *17+. HD is one of the most effective therapeutic techniques for pa- tients with ESRD second to renal transplan- tation but is costly and tiresome therapy for patients with ESRD*1+ Current statistics indicate an increase in patient’s life time Background and objectives: Chronic renal disease is one of the developing issues every- where throughout the world. Keywords: average; erbil; hemodialysis; life; patients; qol; quality; study
Physical Activity and Fat-Related Eating Behaviour Among Patients with Cholelithiasis in Erbil City: A Case Control Study: A Case Control Study by Mohammed-Ameen, Ali Taher; Younis, Yousif Mohammed (2019) - Findings for physical activity are incon- sistent with the previous studies done in NS=non-significant; *= Chi-Square Test 5 Erbil Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Table 3: Physical activity and its association with cholelithiasis Physical activity Total F (%) A cohort study in the United stated of America not- ed that an inverse relationship between physical activity and the risk of developing cholelithiasis disease of women *6+. Keywords: activity; case; cholelithiasis; control; disease; erbil; fat; group; journal; patients; risk; study
Impact of an Educational Program on Quality of Life among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Akre/ Iraqi Kurdistan Region by Mirza, Zikri Mahmood (2024) - L scores of all pa- tients in dialysis patients before, right away, and one month after the program's implementing. L in dialysis patients prior to, immediately after and one month the pro- gram's implementation there was a statisti- cally significant rise in patients’ Q.o. Keywords: dialysis; life; patients; program; quality; test; vol
Quality of Life of Patients With Heart Failure at Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City by Hamad Ameen, Berivan Star; Gardi, Yousif Mohammed (2019) - Heart failure is one of the chronic diseases that mainly affects quality of life, which is leading to compromised physical activities of daily living of patient, thus to preventing and to controlling of heart failure take much attention in Kurdistan to reduce mortality and morbidity of heart failure. midwifery, Vol. 2, No. (2), Nov, 2019 Original Article 120 Erbil Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Table 2: Overall levels of quality of life domains of heart failure patients 35-44 45-54 ≥65 Age group/ years Total QOL domains F F F F F F Physical Never domain Some times Always Total Independence Never domain Some times Always Total Social domain Never Some times Always Table 3. Keywords: domains; erbil; failure; heart; level; life; patients; quality; study
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factor in Erbil by Osman, Goran Abubaker; Rasheed, Halmat Authman; Younis, Yousif Mohammed; Aziz, Newroz Khazi; Saber, Hemin Khlid (2019) - Asthma, COPD, and fibrotic lung disease have been Background and objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been re- ported as the most common cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Moreover, there was an inverse cor- relation between increased severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in- creased hypertension and stroke. Keywords: copd; disease; erbil; heart; patients; pulmonary; risk; study
Barriers to Adherence to Post-stroke Exercise Program: A Qualitative Study into the Experiences of Patients with Stroke by Al-Banna, Dara Abdulla; Khuder, Sadea Ahmed (2019) - The other part contained open-ended questions re- garding the barriers to adherence to post- stroke exercise program. The inclusion criteria were abil- ity to do exercise, no contraindications for physical exercise, agreement to par- ticipate in the study, age of 18 years or more, ability to establish verbal commu- nication, and limited adherence to post- stroke exercise as determined by failure to regularly attend all sessions of the 133 Erbil Journal of Nursing & Midwifery METHODS https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2019.17 Erbil j. nurs. Keywords: adherence; barriers; data; erbil; exercise; male; participants; patients; program; stroke; study

Care

Mothers’ Awareness Regarding Home Care Management of a Preterm Baby at the Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Abdullah, Chawarwan Saleem; Hassan, Shukir Saleem (2019) - Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers who have a preterm baby at the Rapa- reen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil have poor awareness regarding the care of their babies at home. Keywords: Preterm babies; Mothers; Homecare; Awareness; Rapareen; Erbil Chawarwan Saleem Abdullah; Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. Keywords: association; awareness; care; delivery; erbil; family; graduate; journal; midwifery; mothers; preterm; status; study; type
Midwives’ Views and Perceptions of Patient Dignity in Midwifery Services by Piro, Tiran Jamil (2021) - As shown by the results of the present study, some issues in maternity wards like high workload and lack of sufficient well-trained maternity staff cause midwives to fail to provide full support to pregnant women and mothers, which can have negative impacts on the level of mothers’ human dignity. The success of such sessions and feedback is highly dependent on the midwives’ competence and previous training *26+.That is why research has high- lighted the need for more competent mid- wives, pre- and in-service training courses, improvement of working conditions, men- tal preparation of pregnant women, and appropriate health policies to deliver re- spectful maternity services and promote human dignity *27+. Keywords: care; dignity; maternity; midwifery; midwives; mothers; need; study; support; women
The Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care Intervention on the Newborns Health Outcome Delivers at Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital by Azeez, Awat Hassan; Azize, Pary Mohammad (2020) - The means ± SDs of the respiratory rate before KMC in very pre-term and moderate to late pre-term infants were 43 ± 6.5 and 43 ± 6.16 re- spectively, which were the highest val- ues of the mean. Minimum 20 22 24 28 26 24 28 24 24 Maximum 72 58 58 56 54 52 62 60 60 F- test 27.984 23.640 10.775 Sig. < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Oxygen Satura- tion% Mean 98 98 99 98 98 98 98 99 99 SD. 2.33 2.1 1.77 1.79 1.97 1.67 1.55 1.57 1.41 Minimum 88 91 92 92 92 91 94 94 95 Maximum 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 F- test 2.452 0.24 0.961 Sig. 0.088 0.787 0.384 Temperature Gestational Age / Weeks 28 to < 32 W 32 to < 37 W 37 to < 40 W ≥ 40 W Very Pre-term Moderate to late Pre-term Full-term Post-term Visit 1 Mean± S.D 35.6 ± 0.72 36.5 ± 0.72 36.4 ± 0.41 36.5 ± 0.57 F-Test 8.039 Sig. < 0.001 Visit 2 Mean± S.D 36.1 ± 0.55 36.6 ± 0.57 36.7 ± 0.24 36.7 ± 0.27 F-Test 7.307 Sig. < 0.001 Keywords: birth; care; kmc; mean±; rate; sig; term; test; visit; weight

Midwifery

Sexual Satisfaction among Infertile Spouses in Erbil City by Abdulrehman, Nergz Bayiz; Piro, Tiran Jamil (2020) - Sexual satisfaction is affected Background and objectives: Sexual satisfaction is an emotional state that occurs with the fulfillment of individual wishes in the area of sexual life. Lack of sexual satisfaction is considered one of the most important problems, impacting an individual’s per- sonal and social lives and plays an im- portant role in one's personality develop- ment [4]. Keywords: couples; erbil; infertile; journal; midwifery; satisfaction; study
Assessment and Clinical Outcomes of Fall Related Injuries at Emergency by Osman, Shawbo Muhammad; Naqshbandi, Vian Afan (2021) - A significant relationship between injury severity and fall height was observed (p= 0.00). Pattern of fall injuries in Paki- stan: the Pakistan national emergency de- partment surveillance (Pak-NEDS) study. Keywords: emergency; erbil; fall; injuries; injury; journal; midwifery; sample; study
Pregnant Women's Perception and Attitude Towards Mode of Delivery in Erbil City- A Qualitative Study by Ahmed, Khadija Mirkhan; Piro, Tiran Jamil (2022) - Women who select cesarean delivery believe that vaginal delivery is a more pain- ful and dangerous procedure without con- sidering the negative outcome of unneces- sary operation intervention [2]. Two subthemes were obtained with- in this: fear from vaginal delivery pain in primigravida women and fear from vagi- nal episiotomy and wound stitches in multipara women. Keywords: cesarean; delivery; erbil; information; midwifery; mode; pain; section; study; vaginal; women
Risk Factors Associated with Early and Late-onset of Neonatal Sepsis in Duhok City by Mohamed, Delshad Abdallah; Ibrahim, Salah Abdulkareem; Suleman, Sherzad Khudeida (2020) - The difference between general and clinical characteristics of the patients diagnosed with early neonatal sepsis was examined through Chi-square and Fishers’ exact test. [74] Shah G, Budhathoki S, Das B, Mandal R. Risk factors in early neonatal sepsis. Keywords: apgar; early; erbil; factors; journal; midwifery; neonatal; onset; score; sepsis; study
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Wet Cupping versus Blood Donation on Hematological Parameters in Healthy Young Adults by Mustafa, Zuhair Rishdi; Sheiko, Sabri Khalaf (2020) - The mean (Sta. deviation) of the first five cases of blood donation group was 5.44 (SD: 0.30). The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of wet-cupping versus blood donation on hematological parameters. Keywords: blood; cupping; donation; erbil; journal; midwifery; parameters; pcv; rbc; study; wet
The Consequence of Teenage Pregnancy on the Primigravida Health Outcome Delivers at Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital-Kurdistan Region-Iraq. by Abdulla, Kochar Ezat; Azize, Pary Mohammad (2020) - A higher pro- portion of teenage mothers were from rural areas than the urban areas (59.3% vs 40.7%). The percentage of teenage mothers who did not attend antenatal care was 11.14%, and irregular attendees represented 9.94 %. Keywords: birth; erbil; journal; midwifery; mothers; newborns; outcomes; pregnancy; study; teenage; weight; years

Women

Physical Factors of Spontaneous Abortion in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Salh, Jwan Kareem; Ahmed, Hamdia Mirkhan (2024) - This study will contribute to recognize and be a better understanding of the physical risk factors for spontaneous abortion. The aim of the study was to find out the physical factors, which include previous and current medical factors of different types of spontaneous abortion by comparing the case and control groups among women in the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City. Keywords: abortion; diseases; factors; family; history; study; women; yes
Effect of Serum Lipid Profile and Renal Functions during Pregnancy and its associated diseases in Sulaimanyah / Kurdistan Region by Mohammed Aziz Ahmed, Azad; Mahmood Qadir, Amjad; Kareem Shakor , Jamal ; M. Zorab, Musa (2025) - Understanding the in- terplay between renal functions and serum lipid profiles is crucial for managing maternal health. This study aims to investigate serum lipid profiles and their association with renal function in pregnancy and compare them with non-pregnant status. Keywords: cholesterol; correlation; creatinine; ldl; lipid; pregnancy; serum; study; urea; value; women
Association of Rhesus Blood Group (RhD) and Toxoplasmosis in Women with Miscarriage in Erbil by Smael, Banaz Sadik; Palpitany, Sadiya Abdulla; Hama Rahim, Kazhal Hassan (2018) - Human blood is categorized within two main systems: ABO blood group and RhD blood group systems. Significant relationship between RhD blood group and Toxoplasma seropositive was observed while no significant relationship was found be- tween toxoplasmosis and each ABO phenotype and demographic characteristics. Keywords: anti; blood; erbil; gondii; group; infection; toxoplasma; toxoplasmosis; women
Risk of Suicide among Women Survived Domestic Violence in Erbil Governorate by Kako, Diana Aprem; Gardi, Abdulqadir Hussen (2019) - Conclusion: Domestic violence has a direct relation to the risk of suicide among women survived domestic violence. Domestic violence has a direct link to the deterioration of mental health; women survived from domestic violence are at high risk of suicide due to the violence that they face. Keywords: domestic; erbil; partner; risk; study; suicide; violence; women
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Episiotomy and Perineal Tear in the Maternity Teaching Hospital of Erbil City, Iraq by Ahmed, Hamdia Mirkhan; Abdollah, Warda Hasan; Al-Tawil, Namir Ghanim (2019) - Episiotomy rates around the world: an up- date. Restrictive use of episiotomy policies helps women experience less severe perineal trauma, although overall, women experi- enced more anterior perineal damage with restrictive episiotomy *17,21+. Keywords: episiotomy; erbil; perineal; study; tear; vaginal; women

Students

Body Fat Percentage and Body Mass Index for Students and Staff of the College of Nursing/ Hawler Medical University by Mustafa, Ibrahim (2018) - There is proportion of low body fat percentage and absence of very high body fat percentage in students against considered proportion of very high body fat percentages in staff; also the levels of body mass index were inconsistent with the levels of body fat percentage in both samples. Regarding body fat percentage, the highest percentage of people (41.3%) had normal body fat percentage, followed by 37.7% which had low body fat percentage [25]. Keywords: bmi; body; fat; journal; mass; percentage; staff; students; study

Level

Coping Strategies among Caregivers of Children with Acute Leukemia at Nanakali Hospital in Erbil City by Hamad, Sinur Askander; Shaker, Norhan Zeki (2019) - [15].In addi- tion, the results of the current study show that in terms of the relationship between the total scores of overall coping level and some chosen parameters, as shown in Ta- ble 3, there was no statistically significant association between the age of caregivers and coping patterns level. Although the health status of caregiver is initially similar to that of the normal popu- lation, caregivers often report more prob- lems with fatigue, sleep disturbances, and impaired cognitive function than non- caregivers. Keywords: cancer; caregivers; children; coping; erbil; leukemia; level; study

Mothers

Assessment of Mother’s Information and Practice, and Factors Associated Infantile Colic in Erbil City by Azeez, Gulala Kareem; Ahmed Rabaty, Abbas Abdulqader ; Hasan, Shukir Saleem (2024) - Infant colic occurs in 3% to 40% of all infants and has multiple etiologies. Regarding factors affecting mothers practice of infantile colic baby’s care, a linear regression was con- ducted to see if demographic variables predicted the mothers` total practice re- garding infantile colic. Keywords: age; association; colic; crying; feeding; infant; information; mothers; period; practice
Maternal Vitamin D3 Status and Association with Low Birth Weight Infant by Ahmad, Raghad Farhad; Al.Ani, Hanaa (2018) - Low birth weight (LBW) refers to Background and Objective: Maternal vitamin D levels may affect fetal growth and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight in neonatal stage. Vitamin D stressing has a key role in fetal growth by its interaction with parathyroid hormone and calcium homeostasis. Keywords: birth; deficiency; journal; mothers; neonates; vitamin; weight

Pregnancy

Indications of Labor Induction at Delivery Room of Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Salihi, Bewar Husamaldeen; Saeed, Awaz Aziz (2021) - Keywords: Indication of labour induction; Post-term pregnancy; Oligohydramnios Bewar Husamaldeen Noori ; Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. [8] Obando PV, Arana AN, Izaguirre A, Arana I, Burgos J. Multiscale texture analysis of cervi- cal tissue for labor induction. Keywords: erbil; indications; induction; journal; labour; pregnancy; risk; rupture; sample; study

Control

Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid and Associated Factors among Women Undergoing Childbirth in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Ahmed, Sazan Bahram; Mustafa, Srwa Abdulrahman ; Muhammed, Madiha Abbas ; Mahmood, Kazhan Ibrahim ; Saeed, Awaz Azeez (2025) - The association between socio- demographical and obstetrical characteris- tics of women and case control groups was illustrated in Table 1. Association between risk factors and case control groups. Keywords: association; case; control; erbil; factors; fluid; group; meconium; study
Effectiveness of Distraction Therapy on Children’s Pain Perceptions During Peripheral Venous Cannulation at Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City by Shaker, Norhan Zeki; Taha, Ari Ahmed (2018) - A list of 16 items that covered demographical characteristics of children and parents including date of birth, gender, ethnicity, address, child attending a child care institution, history of previous cannulation, reason for admission, site of current cannulation, child’s order in the family, METHODS 76 Erbil Journal of Nursing & Midwifery A quasi-experimental design was used for conducting this study between the periods from November 2015 to November 2016. Regarding the daycare centers attending, most children (90%) in intervention group and 52 (86.7%) in control group did not attend daycare centers and the highest percentage of children 44 (73.3%) and 52 (86.7%) had a previous history of cannulation in both intervention and control groups respectively. Keywords: cannulation; children; control; erbil; group; intervention; pain; study

Attitude

Attitudes of Couples attending Family Counselling Clinic in Sulaimani City towards the Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling Programme by Aziz, Nyan Luqman; Abdulla, Salih Ahmed (2021) - Frequency (Number) , Weight average (mean) for 3point Likert scales: 1.0-1.66 : Poor attitudes , 1.67-2.33: Fair attitudes,2.34-3.0: Good attitudes. Weight average (mean) for 3point Likert scales: 1.0-1.66: Poor attitudes, 1.67-2.33: Fair attitudes,2.34-3.0: Good attitudes. Keywords: attitude; counselling; couples; diseases; journal; premarital; screening; study

Stress

Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Potentially Traumatic Events among Adolescents in Erbil City by Abdullah, Raveen Ismael; Shaker, Norhan Zeki (2019) - Approximately one-third of traumatized adolescents might develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The current study aimed to evaluate the types of potentially traumatic events and prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents in Erbil city. Keywords: adolescents; disorder; erbil; events; ptsd; schools; stress; study; traumatic

Year

The Year of the Nurse and Midwife: an effort worth joining? by Said, Eva (2019) - There is a myri- ad of reasons ranging from the legislative and regulatory vacuum and outdated gov- ernance structure, lack of leadership and unity within the professions themselves, to the difficulties with organizational effec- tiveness and professional competence of individual nurses and midwives. There is no doubt that nurses and mid- wives worldwide will embrace the Year of the Nurse and Midwife and will use it to reflect on the past, present and future of their work, think about the challenges they have faced and the achievements they have accomplished. Keywords: year

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23